HomeMy WebLinkAboutLegal Opinion - Buccella Engineering Builders - Odor Problem r✓
OFFICE OF i�i1 CITY ATTO'RL EY
I OPINION 76
v'0. j- 47
i
Novembe-r 19, 1976i
SUBJECT: City Liability - ,Issuance of Building
Permits
REQUESTED BY: Michael Zambory, Cit;T Engineer
PREPARED BY : Don P. Bonfa, City Attorney
James Georges, Deputy City Attorney
QUESTIO14: Does an action for nuisance lie against
the City for. is:uing a building; permit
where subsequently a noxious odor emanates
from a development which has uncovered
pockets of an oil dump site?
ANSIER: i3o .
PAC:.GROUivD:
The City has issued a buildin permit to a developer for an area
which, it is later discovered, contains pockets of a. dump site
used . by oil companies , and the private owner/developer has
excavated a mini mountain emanating; noxious odors. The Cite also
has public rights-of-;aay in the subdivision, . .for example, cul-de-
sac streets, water lines and sewer lines . Adjacent property
owners claim that the use of their land has been interferred with
because of the noxious odors .
DISCUSSIOid:
If liability lies at all for the noxious odors , it would lie
against the .private property owner and developer and not against .
the City. There has been a previous memorand.uri opinion dated
September 23,' 1976 which states that the City never becomes exposed
to liability by the riere issuance of a permit . It takes an active
or a passive negliL;ent act by a city eriployee to subject tho City
to liability. The City is i:mnune from liability for erroneous or
negligent issuance of a building; permit . California C7overnrlent Code
Section 818 . 11; Friedr.ian v. City of Los Angeles 1975 App, 125 Cal
Rptr 93 . Issuance of: building; permits does not render the public
entity liable . It does not make the municipality an insurer that
the permittee complies with all applicable regulations , nor does
it render the municipality liable for the pern.ittee ' s negli`;ence .
�"1 Breiner v. S. & P . Home Builders, 536 F . 2d 27 (1976) .
OJ.'J'IC1� OJ.,' 'J.'HE CITY A'.L"iUJt;!1-1Y 1\1ovei!iher, _L'.g, 1975
OPINION 140 . 76- 7 Pa e Two
Noxious odors can be a nuisance but the party liable is the
owner of the property frori where the odors emanate .
The issuance of a building permit is a ministerial act, and if
refused without good cause, the builder would undoubtedly obtain
a writ of mandate ordering the City to issue the builuin,; permit .
The following cases may be helpful in understanding the theory
of nuisance :
The" emission of injurious fumes from a smelting plant constitutes
.a nuisance . People v. Selby Smelting and read, (1912) 163 Cal 84,
124 P 692 .
Nuisance action against owner of property; a person who ;=s not
the creator of a nuisance must have notice or icnowledge of it
before he can be made liable for resulting injury . Civil Code
Section 3483, Reinhard v. Lawrence Warehouse Co. (19 1 ) App,
107 P2d 501.
A -overnmental unit is liable for creating and maintaining a
nuisance. Civil Code Section 3479. An action against sanitary
district for maintaininc a nuisance; T'Julloy V . Sharp Park Sanita. ,y
District (1958) ApP, 330 P2d 441..
A permit from the State Board of Health granting a. cite the ri7-ht
to discharLe. sewerage into a rive= does not give it the right to
pollute the waters thereof. People v. Reedley (1924 ) 66 Cal App
4o9, 226 P 4o8 .
A license from a city authorizing one to maintain a steam engine
does not allow him to operate the engine in such a manner as to
create a nuisance . Sullivan v. Royer (1887 ) 72 Cal 248, 13 P 655 ..
A license, permit or franchise does not authorize creation or
maintenance of a nuisance, which rule applies not only to private
nuisances but also to public ones . Taton v. ilalimm (1933) 217
Cal 362, 18 P2d 673 .
C01 C.LUSIOIJ:
The City is not liable for issuance of a buildinL perml-t in an
area which later is discovered to have noxious odors emanating;
therefrom.. /
DON P P . B0P1F11 JAril S GI ORGJJS r t/
City Attorne� '� Deputy City Attorney
v
DPB:JG:cs
cc : City Administrator
Building Director
Public Works Directo .
t S
i
HARBOR BLUFFS DEVELOPMENT
5142 Warner Ave.,No.205
FRANK BUCCELLA Huntington Beach,CA 92649
Residence(714) 540.8442 Telephone(714) 846-1328
I/IV
October 14 , 1976
City of Huntington Beach SUBJECT : Curb Gutter Tract
Post Office Box 190 #9235
Huntington Beach, CA 92648
Attention: Floyd G. Belsito, City Administrator
Dear Mr. Belsito :
I agree that we will not hold the City liable for allowing
us to proceed with curb and gutter work until at such time
the Government Agencies agree that the odoriferous materials
must be removed .
I hereby waive any claims , rights , or cause of action against
the City, its officers and employees ; and I hold the City
harmless from any liability by reason of the City' s consent for me
to install curb and gutters at this approved described site
without prior approval of the Orange County Health Department
in the event such curb and gutter must be removed in order
to excavate odoriferous materials .
Respectfully,
Frank Bucc.ella
September 25, 1976
To: Mr. Frank Buccella
Buccella Engineering Builders
'From: Kenneth E. Maxwell, Ph.D.
Consulting Toxicologist
Subject: Toxicological Hazards - Supplement to Report of
!H September 24, 1976.
My study of the toxicological characteristics of the
emanations from the construction site, as given in my report
dated September 24, 1976, indicates that there is no hazard
to the health of residents of the surrounding community, even
though discomfort may be experienced from the high odor-pro-
ducing properties of the material, and at extremely dilute
concentrations in air.
This supplemental report relates to the comfort and
safety of workmen, who will be in excavations and trenches
in close contact with the source and, consequently, in con-
centrations several times higher than in the vicinity sur-
rounding the actual work area. This report is also prompted
by the fact that the following have transpired since the
earlier report: (1) I have received a copy of the analytical
report from West Coast Technical Service Inc. -, which contains
information not previously available, (2j I have had a chance
to inspect the development site and surroundings more thoroughly
than on my first visit, and (3) I have examined a specimen of
the offending soil under the microscope.
The West Coast Technical Service report dated September
22, 1976, shows the presence of the following substances not
previously mentioned: .hydrogen sulfide, -sulfur dioxide, and
(assumed to be present due to odor) carbonyl sulfide. - Comments
on the toxicity and hazards of these compounds are as follows:
H d��ro en__ sulfide is a colorless , flammable gas , with an
odor resembling rotten eggs , and can be detected b the human
nose at a concentration of 2 pb (parts per billion. The USOS
(U. S. Occupational Standard gives- a ceiling concentration of
20 ppm, and a peak concentration of 50 ppm. The Ambient Air
Quality Standard of the California Air Resources Board is 0.03
ppm .for l hour. Where workmen are- concerned, its- toxic nature
indicates -the need- to -lean -toward-_the side- --of caution,- -since
it can -be--fatal -more quickly than a similar concentration of
cyanide. West Coast' s analysis gave no indication of concen-
tration, and since Truesdail' s limit of detection was 10 ppm,
the findings leave (pen the possibility of significant quanti-
ties.-of - -hydrogen sulfide. My -opinion, however, is that the
contribution of hydrogen sulfide is low.
r t
Mr. Frank Buc la - page 2
Carbonyl sulfide (carbon oxysulfide) was suspected by
odor only. The material is an odorless, volatile liquid,
with odors being caused by impurities. The lowest reported
lethal concentration to laboratory animals by inhalation is
2,900 ppm, which places it among the less toxic materials .
Hydrocarbons were mentioned in my previous report, but
the concentration reported by Truesdail (90 ppm) justifies
discussing this constituent in more detail. The hydrocarbons
detected were aliphatic components of petroleum in the gaso-
line range. These compounds are considered to be of relatively
low toxicity. For example, the USOS for heptane (C ) is 500
ppm, and this is taken generally to be the maximum allowable
concentration of gasoline. However, where workmen are exposed
at the source' of the fumes, hydrocarbons may contribute to
their discomfort, and could add to the toxic effects of other
materials that may be present.
Fire and explosion hazards depend on the concentration
of flammabI—egases in susceptible areas on the construction
site such as trenches excavations and pipes. The following
substances in the malodorous fumes are flammable, and can be
a fire or explosion hazard under certain conditions: methyl
mercaptan, methyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide
(if present) , and hydrocarbons in the gasoline range. The
concentration of these materials is apt to be too low to be
dangerous, but there -is -not--- enough imformation on the concen-
trations of the various components in the trenches ' to say
whether there is or is not a potential explosion hazard.
As a precaution, I recommend that workmen in trenches and ex-
cavations be advised to refrain from smoking. I assume there
will be no need for welding.
Comfort and sa�fet� of workmen. People digging or working
in the o ending SOI -may experience acute discomfort from- the
odor while in _close proximity-to --the =source of the -fumes .- - Gas
masks =will provide protection:- Also,-- confirming .my -verbal
statement-,- workmen should be told to wear- gas masks where ex-
posed to toxic fumes in closed spaces or areas such as trenches
where fumes .-cannot dissipate rapidly. - It is accepted practice
among sewer workers, spray operators, and others who work in
confined or semi-enclosed--spates, to -use the precautionary
measure of wearing gas masks, even though danger to the communi-
ty in surrounding areas is not a problem. Anyone familiar with
industrial safety practices will -accept -this simple -precaution.
Or�i in-of odor My---initial -opinion was. that- the offending
material-was of natural organic .origin, based on the . elevation
of the site -near sea level, the presence of peat, and the nega-
tive laboratory report as to refinery waste. However, the possi-
bility._that the material-had a refinery origin cannot be ruled
out. _ Examination .of the -.material under the microscope showed
that--it did not contain- diatomaceous earth; but -had the appear-
r
Mr." Frank Bucct�la - page 3
ance of finely divided clayy. The sample dispersed in water
slowly. The material may be discarded filter cake from the
refining__of .casinghead__gasoline. (natural _gasoline) or straight
.run gasoline. In any case, since there was no odor before the
offending material was uncovered by excavation and trenching,
there is no reason to think there will be a problem after the
overburden of earth is replaced.
Respectfully submitted,
Kenneth E. Maxwell, Ph. D.
Toxicologist
Addendum:
Sulfur dioxide, found to be present by West Coast' s
analysis is a gas with a very pungent odor, and is highly
irritating to mucous membranes and the respiratory tract.
The USOS has been set at 5 ppm. Since Truesdail' s limit
of detection is 10 ppm, the concentration, theoretically,
could be at a dangerous level. However, the gas is so
irritating that it serves as its own warning agent. It
is unlikely that sulfur dioxide- is a significant factor
in producing .the offensive odor, nor-is it apt' to be a
hazard to workmen at the site.
K.E.M.
September 24, 1976
To: Mr. Frank Buccella
From: Kenneth E. Maxwell, Ph.D.
Consulting -Toxicologist
Subject: Toxicological Hazards, Development off Warner Avenue,
Huntington Beach, California
The evidence, based on an examination of the site, to-
gether with analytical results made available to me, is that
the unpleasant odor emanating from the construction site has
a natural origin. The problem appears to arise from organic
material laid down in a marsh or estuary that formerly existed
in the area; but later became covered with a layer of soil.
Removal of the overburden exposed layers containing the partial-
ly decomposed organic matter, releasing some of the gaseous and
volatile decomposition products to the atmosphere. There is
no substantial evidence of petroleum or other waste material
except decayed vegetation and natural deposits of sediment.
It should be understood- before .appraising -the comments --
in this report that toxicologists make -a distinction between
"toxic or poisonous" and -"dangerous or hazardous." The reason
for this is- that very few things we encounter in the environment
are completely non-toxic or' .non-poisonous under all conditions .
For example, oxygen is non-hazardous in its normal atmospheric
concentration,- but -if breathed in pure .form for a long period
of--time,= it becomes- dangerous -and can. be lethal--by causing a
condition - called hyperoxia. Thus, the<-.danger of a toxic -sub-
stance depends on a number of -conditions , usually the concen-
tration being the most important one in determining the degree
of hazard.
Based on the results given in an -analytical report by
Truesdail Laboratories, dated September 22, 1976, and a
report by -William Hartge of a verbal report from Dr. - Fisher
of West Coast% Technical Services on September 21, 1976,
substances==wer_e- detected .-that_-probably account-for nearly all-
the -bad- odor -_ My --comments .on the potential-danger to the
health of nearby residents are as follows:
Methyl _merca tan -(methanethiol) is a gas at ordinary
temperature--an - pressure. The--mer-captans are notoriously
smelly materials, one of them being a constituent of the
malodorous secretions of skunks. This- and closely related
mercaptans -have -odors that are detectable at extremely low
concentrations in air. For example, it was determined that
i
Mr. Frank Bucc, a - page 2
ethyl mercaptan, the nearest relative to methyl mercaptan,
can be smelled at a concentration of one volume of the mer-
captan in 50 billion parts by volume of air. Since the ob-
noxious- odor increases -with decreasing molecular weight, methyl
mercaptan would produce an odor at an even more dilute concen-
tration, well below the toxic level.
Therefore, atmospheric concentrations of the mercaptans
in the open are not necessarily hazardous, even though the
odor may be oppressive, and it is only when the odor becomes
overpowering that the concentration would ordinarily be high
enough to be cause for alarm. However, -the lower weight
mercaptans, such as methyl mercaptan, are toxic, and can pose
health hazards in industries where workers are exposed con-
tinuously to the gas: The USOS (U. S. Occupational Standard)
for methyl mercaptan in air a CL (ceiling concentration)
of 10 ppm (parts per mil5ives
.
The degree of hazard to health from atmospheric methyl
mercaptan can be best understood in perspective by compari-
son with the principal toxic ingredients of automobile ex-
haust and its by-products: hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. H drocarbons are the least toxic
of the group, and need not be discussed in this context. The
danger of carbon monoxide is well known. The U. S. Occupa-
tional -StanncarrTc -is -ppm in air, while the California Air
Resources Board standard- for 12 hours of exposure is 10 ppm.
Nitrogen dioxide is more toxic, having a USOS :of 5 ppm, and
a aationaT_9_tanUard for air pollution of 0.05 ppm, average
annual concentration. Ozone is the most toxic of the main
vehicular by-product poTlutants, having been assigned a USOS
of 0. 1 ppm .and a California Standard for air pollution of
0. 1 ppm --for only one-.hour exposure-. These--values - give an
indication of the relative-hazard of methyl- mercaptan, which
has been assigned a USOS of---10 -ppm,--roughly-- in -between the
standards=for .carbon monoxide-- and-nitrogen.-:dioxide, - but=-
having-the--advantage of--an._extremely-disagreeable =odor as- a
warning flag.
Meth I sulfide.- (dimethyl sulfide) is a colorless liquid
at or id�nary temperature and pressure, but is fairly volatile,
with- a boiling-point of- about 36°.0 (about 97°F) , and- has _a
disagreeable_.odor. Data on toxicity are limited with respect
to inhalation- hazards .- By in estion, -toxicity evaluations on
laboratory rats gave an LD50 comparable to a median lethal
dose) _of.-.3, 300 mg/kg . (milligrams per kilogram) , a value that
is-considered-to__indicate very ..low .toxicity.- - For example,
an- average-lethal dose of -aspirin would be- about-half -that
quantity.
Intangible effects on health.` Bad odors may be not only
toxic but annoying as weTT, a�cn --in the present case annoyance
Mr. Frank Buccel - page 3
seems to be the most troublesome aspect. However, . it is
well to recognize that annoyance, in itself, can cause
headaches and •even nausea. When these symptoms are already.
present, bad odors could exacerbate the condition, very
.largely through suggestion alone. Aspirin for headaches
is the largest over-the-counter medicine in terms of volume,
and it would be surprising if a number of people living
within nose-shot were not in need of an analgesic, odor or
no odor. Any action that reduces the annoying effect of the
bad odor could be expected to alleviate the problem. There-
fore the spraying of perfume was a good shot in the dark. If
an effective deodorant can be found, it would be worth trying
over a sufficient area to determine its efficacy.
Potential problems .
If corrective measures that are taken during the con-
struction phase of the development turn out to be inadequate
to prevent future emanations of smelly gases, trouble could
come from three sources: odors, toxic effects, and fire -or
explosion hazards. Gases that are heavier than air tend to
accumulate in buildings, and can reach dangerous levels of
concentration. Since the principal malodorous gases known
to be present, methyl mercaptan and methyl sulfide, possess
all three undesirable properties, consideration must be
given to any precautions .that can be taken against future
emanations . H dro en sulfide, if produced by decomposition
of other sulfides, ssiC6Ty_'Uy disturbances or- changes in
soil conditions, would pose similar problems .
Non-problems.
Hydrocarbons, such as those reported in the analytical
results, ave generally low toxicity; -and would require much
higher--concentrations -to comprise. a health hazard. However,
if -additional findings show an increase in hydrocarbons-1 --
the- possibility of future emanations of --the lower molecular
weight--hydrocarbons- collecting in enclosed spaces such as
buildings - and utility trenches . should be studied with a
view toward evaluating fire and explosion hazards .
Hydrogen- sulfide and:-.carbon disulfide- -are both smelly
and toxi- -`c,, but since -the fin3 ng. was: negative, a discussion
of their hazardous nature is not needed. The negative report
on chlorinated hydrocarbons also- obviates -an evaluation of
these- materia s .
References -=and- documentation .can be furnished if you
wish to have Tem.
RECOMMENDATIONS (some of which.--have been done or may be in progress) .
1. Use deodorants during times of high odor levels if
any can be found that are demonstrated to be effective.
r
Mr. Frank Buccei _ - page 4
2. Remove as much of the odor-producing soil as practi-
cal, that remaining to be covered with a seal of fresh soil.
Take core samples if necessary to determine the depth and
extent of the offending layer.
3. Obtain input from as many qualified sources as
feasible concerning the following:
a. The depth and kind of soil needed to form a
non-porous, permanent seal over the odiferous stratum. It
would be possible to make usefulcbterminations in the labora-
tory with straightforward tests, but the time required would
probably not be acceptable in view of the urgent need for
decisions .
b. Whether there is any possibility of the
malodorous gases being given off at or immediately surrounding
the building sites . If so, take corrective measures as in
the other areas .
4, If the odor in the general area does not subside,
have air samples taken at the site to determine concentrations,
perhaps through the cooperation of the air pollution control
district.
5. If it is necessary for workmen to work -in trenches
or other depressions in areas where the odor of gases is
evident, concentrations should be determined, 'and the ex-
posure times adjusted accordingly. If necessary, gas masks
should be provided, and personnel should be warned of potential
fire or explosion hazards. However, such high concentrations
are not--anticipated:: Recommendations -for -gas masks can be
obtained from the State 'Division of Industrial Safety.
Respectfully submitted,
Kenneth E. axwell,r Ph.D.
Toxicologist
SOIL CORINGS
September 29, 1976
Soil Classification Odor
Test Hole #1
(elevation - 18 ft)
0 - 10 light brown clay-sand no
10 - 16 reddish-brown sand yes
16 - 18 black clay yes
18 - 21 grayish-green -clay-sand yes
21 - 23 grayish-green sand yes
Test Hole #2
(elevation 20 ft)
0 - 3 light brown .clay-sand no
3 - 9 black. very fine sand yes
9 - 21 gray-black clay & very fine sand yes
21 - 25 gray very fine sand yes
25 gray ligbt odor yes
Test Hole #3
(elevation 20 ft)
O - 14 light brown clay-sand no
14 - 19 light gray sand yes
19 - .22 gray-black clay yes
23 - 24 light gray sand yes
25 light sand light odor ... . yes
Test Hole #4
(elevation 20 ft)
0 - 5 reddish sand no
5 - 9 gray-brown sand yes
9 - 15 gray clay &very fine sand yes
15 - 16 gray-brown &very fine .sand yes
16 - 21 black clay & very fine sand yes
21 - 24 gray-black clay yes
24 gray clay, some organic yes
Soil Classification Odor
Test Hole #5
(elevation 20 ft)
0 - 4 reddish sandy no
4 - 7 tan very fine sand no
7 - 17 tan clay-sand no
17 - 21 gray-tan very fine sand yes
21 - 22 dark gray sandy yes
22 - 24 light gray reddish-tan clay yes
24 gray very fine sand light odor yes
Test Hole #6
(elevation 16 f t)
1 - 2 brown sandy clay no
2 - 6 black sandy clay yes
6 - 8 gray-black sandy clay yes
8 - 12 light gray very fine sand ye.s
12 - 17 gray-black sandy clay yes
17 - 19 light gray very fine sand yes
19 - 22 tan-gray clay-sand light odor yes
22 - 25 grayish sand light odor yes
Test Hole #7
(elevation 15 ft)
0 - 5 brown sandy clay no
5 - 14 grayish-brown sandy no
14 - 20 gray clay yes
20 - 25 tan sand no
�sT llo c Iz
' '10 '
I —rEZT PoL�E I O
= T sr
ODOR RELATED- ACTIVITIES
Cul-de-Sac . Lot No.
Street
WATER 1.5
Install water line &-moire-=hydr--ant 1
Install water laterals & meters 1 1 1
Install water house connections 2 2
SEWER
Install building sewer lines 1 2
Install building to lateral connections 1 2
GAS
Install gas main 1
Install gas laterals to buildings 1 1 2
ELECTRIC & PHONE
Install street crossing conduit 2
Install electric & phone service to
buildings (same ditch) 1 1 1
MISCELLANEOUS
Subgrade for street 2
Trenching for foundations 2 2
Legend: (1) Activity expected to expose odor material .
. (2) Activity not expected to expose odor material .
blank Activity whiccb will not expose odor material .
To Bill Har_tge/John Whipple Dare 10/200/76
I am . forwarding to you the attached'
letter to you re : .odor problem. I
am sure you already have ' a_ copy , but
if y TT replied , T would like a copy.
Thank xou.
PLEASE REPLY TO Signed
- ., - __. . _ -
_.. . -_H;--Wieder/Donn-ie.: j-
Date Signed
Redif9rm
4S 465 SEND PARTS 1 AND 3 WITH CARBONS INTACT.
Poly PoIt(50 sots)0465 PART 3 WILL BE RETURNED WITH REPLY: -
STATE OF CALIFORNIA—HEALTH AND WELFARE AGENCY EDMUND G. BROWN JR., Governor
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
2151 BERKELEY WAY
BERKELEY 94704
(415) 843-7900 Ext. 505
.October 21, 1976
D
Mayor Harriett Wieder i i
City of Huntington Beach
P. o. Box 190 CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH
Huntington Beach, California 92648 CITY COUNCIL OFFICE
Dear Mayor Wieder:
This is in reply to your September 28, 1976, mailgram to Governor Brown, re-
ferring to an odor problem associated with the development of a subdivision.
I phoned Mr. Robert Stone, Director, Division of Environmental Health, Orange
County Health Department, who informed me that the cause of the malodor had
been located and tentatively identified. I understand from our conversation
yesterday that the material is most likely a waste from oil well drilling or
tire vulcanizing. Mr. Earl Margitan in the Vector and Waste Management Section
of our Department has been working on the scene assisting local staffs.
A suitable, long-term management of this problem is certainly needed. Should
I or other components of our Department be able to assist, we would be happy
to do so to the extent our resources permit.
Sinc-e-rely,
R. Goldsmith, M.D.
Medical Epidemiologist
Epidemiological Studies Laboratory
JRG:mm
cc: Mr. Hurtienne
Mr. Stone
D 13
FOR BERT PARKER'S COLUMN
10/12/76
Vacation substitute by William G. Reed
Frank Buccella is a tall, slim man who sports a beard and a soft voice and.he must
be the most unlucky man in Huntington Beach. Frank is, unfortunately, the owner of the
BIG STINK which permeated areas of the city for weeks.
One of the troubles with this whole mess ispide from the pungent smell of garlic
hanging over the neighborhoods near the site of some four-plexes Frank is building,that he
is one of the nicest men to hit town in years. Brave,too.
He is not the usual image of a builder.and although everyone near the construction
on Dunbar Street near Meadowlark Airport would like to be very angry at him, you just
can't get made at Frank for long.
It has been difficult for anyone to cope with the odors and solutions to the problem
have been hard to come by. The odors are elusive and seems to defy reason.
But to me the cause has been obvious from the beginning. But Frank does not
comprehend why lie is having all these troubles and he and everyone else connected with the
problem may doubt that the following is the cause of this caper, but think about it a while.
Lets go back a few centuries to a time when that area was a semi-grassy knoll with a
sprinkling of trees and a few shrubs. Nearby was the ocean,the giant larder for the Indian
groups which moved freely through the area in search of food,the good life and religious
experience.
Abalone, clams,lobster and other shellfish were important in the diet of these people
and this area was a perfect location for semi-permanent residents. However,then,like now,
people die for a variety of reasons`and are buried in grounds hallowed in ways important to the
current society. �1
Eternal rest was an important concept then,just as it is now,and most societies frown
on disturbing the graves of the departed. Strong sanctions have been imposed on those who failed
to respect the dead and burial grounds were thought of as sacred forever.
Comes now Frank Buccella to the same area complete with bulldozers and all sorts of
modern machines to whip the earth into shapes on which to place homes for the current crop of
inhabitants. In doing so Frank quite by accident discovered that others have been there before
him and have left their departed ones, depending on the earth to offer eternal rest to their bones.
Frank,too,is a respecter of the people who have used this earth before us and has
treated the bones he unearthed with the greatest of respect for the departed.
Page 2
But there are those who say the spirits of the ancient Indians are tired of having their
bones exposed to the sun again and angry at being disturbed and are ready to rain havoc on those
who trespass on the burial"rounds.
True or not, Frank Buccella seems to be the victim of some sort of a curse. Work was
stopped for some time while the archeologists tenderly lifted the bones from the construction
site for reburial in a more suitable place.
When that was done the earthmoving job started again. This time, without warning, as
if some ancient curse on the land has come to haunt the builder,an odor began to arise mysteriously
from a patch of land near where the bones of the Indians had been found.
He removed most of the odorous dirt,but still the odor persisted and as the clamor
of complaint rose, lie did all he could to keep the situation from becoming worse.
Nothing really helped. No one could say how the odorous chemicals got into the earth
and it seems nothing short of another equally strong chemical could reduce the smell. Still the
odor persists.
Frank bravely walked the streets near his project to keep residents informed. He called.
in consultants and chemists of all lands. Mayor Harriett Wieder helped him talk to the neighbors
and the whole city public works staff was mobilized to eliminate the accursed odors.
Still, they persisted. While,of course, none of us really believes in a curse from a long-dead
Indian nor that the ancient ones could be taking revenge on Frank Buccella for opening the burial
ground,there is one fact which cannot be disputed.
The fact is simply that there.is no real problem at this particular construction site unless
the earth where Indians were formerly buried is opened.
Then the wrath of the ages seems to pour forth.
—30—
STATE OF CALIFORNIA--HEALTH AND WELFARE AGENCY EDMUND G. BROWN JR., Governor
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
2151 BERKELEY WAYS
BERKELEY 94704
(415) 843-7900 Ext. 505
October 21, 1976
Mayor Harriett Wieder
City of Huntington Beach
P. O. Box 190
Huntington Beach, California 92648
Dear Mayor Wieder:
This is in reply to your September 28, 1976, mailgram to Governor Brown, re-
ferring to an odor problem associated with the development of a subdivision.
I phoned Mr. Robert Stone, Director, Division of Environmental Health, Orange
County Health Department, who informed me that the cause of the malodor had
been located and tentatively identified. I understand from our conversation
yesterday that the material is most likely a waste from oil well drilling or
tire vulcanizing. Mr. Earl Margitan in the Vector and Waste Management Section
of our Department has been working on the scene assisting local staffs.
A suitable, long-term management of this problem is certainly needed. Should
I or other components of our Department be able to assist, we would be happy
to do so to the extent our resources permit.
Sincerely,
Bohn R. Goldsmith, M.D.
Medical Epidemiologist
Epidemiological Studies Laboratory
JRG:mm
cc: Mr. Hurtiennew*
Mr. Stone
13
CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH
INTER-DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION
HUNTINGTON BEACH
To Don Bonfa From Mike Zambory
Subject City Liability. on Frank Date. October. 15, .1976
Bucella' s Development,.- Warner
at Bolsa Chica
Since there exists a possibility of the odor problem
re-occurring in the future on this site, it -is requested
that the City.' s. exposure to liability be researched.
The developer plans on including disclaimer clauses
in their sales documents in an attempt to eliminate their
future liability. Since the City is aware of the problem
: and no long range solution has -been proposed, could the
City be held responsible in the future?
Michael Zambory
Acting Director. of Public Works
MZ:WEH:mc
City of Huntington Beach
�I P.O. BOX 190 CALIFORNIA 92649
J OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
October 8, 1976
Dear Friend:
Considerable study has been in progress on the odor problem in the neighborhoods
surrounding the construction activity near Leslie and Dunbar streets off Warner
Avenue. Technical experts have identified the chemicals causing the odors and have
recommended steps to reduce the problems during the remaining construction steps.
Construction activities which may cause a reappearance of the odor involve installation
of a water main and water lines to building pads. Under strict supervision by the city
this is expected to be finished in one to three days next week.
Steps to.control the odor problem on the day the work is done include:
1. Doing the work as early as possible in the day when the prevailing wind is
in the direction of the airport and away from•nearby homes. No work will
be done unless the wind conditions are favorable.
2. . ' Trench surfaces and odorous earth removed from the trenches will be
sprayed immediatelf on opening with a sodium hypochlorite solution to
oxidize the odor-causing material methyl mercaptan. This should drastically
reduce any odors.
3. A representative of the Huntington Beach Public Works Department and of
the Orange County Health Department will be on the job site to make any
recommendations needed to minimize the odor impact on nearby residents.
Please be assured that if any additional construction activity on this site.would raise the
possibility'of odors being generated,the city will insist on the same precautions being
taken in order to protect the surrounding community.
While the odors have been a real nuisance,the Health Department has determined that
there is no threat to health. Nonetheless the city,the developer and all agencies involved
with this problem are working to get this job over and the odor problem gone forever.
Sincerely,
Harriett M.Wieder
Mayor
HMW:lw
is
City of Huntington Beach
k¢ P.O. BOX 190 CALIFORNIA 92648
b:. '':''• ar OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
September 30 , 1976
Dear Friend:
As a result of my meeting with some of your neighbors Tuesday
night , I have followed through to try to resolve the problem odor
in your neighborhood . In addition to sending the telegram to the
Governor and State and County agencies , we sat down together with
. one of your neighbors , Leo Gardarian , Safety Engineer for Standard
Oil Company of California , who was not only very , very, helpful ,
but the one who is most responsible for finding the answer to what
. appeared to be an unsolveable dilemma .
At this meeting , Assistant City Administrator , Dick Harlow_, City
Attorney; Don Bonfa , Assistant City Attorney Bill Amsbary, Walter
Hurtienne , Division Engineer , Public Works , Mr. Frank Buccella, the
developer , and his partner , Mr . Ong , Mr . William Anderson , Mr .
Buccella ' s attorney and myself agreed that the developer would only
proceed with any further work on the area that has generated the
problem (SO yards in diameter) only upon direction of the City.
The developer has been most cooperative and we will then proceed
to resolve the problem as recommended by Mr . Gardarian. The pos -
sible solution which seemed to meet all those present at the meet-
ing , was a suggestion to spray the area containing Mercaptan Sulphur
with Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach) , which will oxidize the Mercap-
tan Sulphur and thereby remove the odor.
After the meeting adjourned, some of the group met at the construct-
ion site to try the effectiveness of the Hypochlorite on the soil .
Two gallons of Purex was purchased and sprayed on some newly dug soil .
The Mercaptan odor disappeared , but when the soil was disturbed , the
odor was back. This trial run proved that the Mercaptan Sulphur when
oxidized by the Hypochlorite will loose its odor .
Tomorrow morning, the Contractor will fill a trench with a mound of
dirt , cover it with sand , and spray Hypochlorite on it . This should
eliminate one source of odor .
The Department of Health is looking into the possible health hazards
of the Sodium Hypochlorite in the atmosphere . The Contractor does not
want to take any action which would not have the approval of the Depart-
ment of Health. If the Department of Health determines that there is
no health hazards for the community , the Contractor is more than will-
ing to spray the area and get rid of the odor once and for all .
Sin erely , .
Harriett M. Wieder
Mayor
i
I
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
To Acting Director Date October 1 , 1976
of Public Works
From Don P . Bonfa, City Attorney In Re Agreement re
Odor at Constructici
Site - South of
Warner near Leslie
Please advise me immediately if you have any disagreement with
Frank Buccella. You are in charge of administering the agreement .
• If
DON P . BONFA
City Attorney
DPB :b c 1
Attachment -
.1;
ORANGE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT -
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
2
KENNETH R. REGIER
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST
I I
MAILING ADDRESS ANAHEIM OFFICE '
P.O. BOX 355 1011 SOUTH EAST STREET ,
SANTA ANA. CALIFORNIA ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA -
92702 (714) 776-5551
I
r
._•Y"���'� ` OFFICE OF -
: K CITY ATTORNEY
s•i P. 0. BOX 190
HUNTINGTON BEACH
CALIFORNIA 92648
zra
DON P. BONFA TELEPHONE
CITY ATTORNEY (714)53"555
_ September 30 , 1976
William L. Anderson, Esquire
888 North Main Street
Santa Ana, California
i
Re : Agreement concerning odor at construction site
south of Warner Avenue near Leslie
Dear Bill :
This will confirm the agreement entered into by your client,-- ,
Harbor Bluffs Development , Frank . Buccella and Ivy Ong;, and
,yourself and the City of Huntington Beach in my conference
room this morning, that there shall_ be no construction
activity at the above captioned construction site which
will either create an odor or distU.rb materials which
emanate an odor without prior consent of. the City of Hunting-
ton Beach and, in the event of a disagreement between the
parties, ,you shall p;ive the City Attorney_ three days notice
before any such activity is done .
a
If this letter does not correctly reflect the agreement ,
please notify me immediately .
Cordially,
DON P . BONFA
City Attorney
DPB : cs
cc : Harriett Wieder, P•lavor
Richard Harlow, Acting City Administrator
Walt Hurtienne , Acting Director of Public Works
Council Members
SOIL CORINGS
September 29, 1976
Soil Classification Odor
Test Hole #1
(elevation 18 ft)
0 - 10 light brown clay-sand no
10 - 16 reddish-brown sand yes
16 - 18 black clay yes
18 - 21 grayish-green clay-sand yes
21 - 23 grayish-green sand yes
Test Hole #2
(elevation 20 ft)
0 3 light brown clay-sand no
3 - 9 black very fine sand yes
9 - 21 gray-black clay & very fine sand yes
21 - 25 gray very fine sand yes
25 gray light odor yes
1
Test Hole #3
(elevation 20 ft)
0 - 14 light brown clay-sand no
14 - 19 light gray sand yes
Y 19 - 22 gray-black clay yes
23 - 24 light gray sand yes
25 light sand light odor .... yes
Test Hole #4
(elevation 20 f t)
0 - 5 reddish . sand no
5 - 9 gray-brown sand yes
9 - 15 gray clay & very fine sand yes
15 - 16 gray-brown & -very fine -sand yes
16 - 21 black clay & very fine sand yes
21 - 24 gray-black clay yes
24 gray clay, some organic yes
i
Y
Soil Classification Odor
Test Hole #5
(elevation 20 ft)
0 - 4 reddish sandy no
4 - 7 tan very fine sand no
7 - 17 tan clay-sand no
17 - 21 gray-tan very fine sand yes
21 - 22 dark gray sandy yes
22 - 24 light gray reddish-tan clay yes
24 gray very fine sand light odor yes
Test Hole #6
(elevation 16 ft)
1 - 2 brown sandy clay no
2 - 6 black sandy clay yes
6 - 8 gray-black sandy clay yes
8 - 12 light gray very fine sand yes
12 - 17 gray-black sandy clay yes
17 - 19 light gray very fine sand yes
19 - 22 tan-gray clay-sand light odor yes
22 - 25 grayish sand light odor yes
Test Hole #7
(elevation 15 ft)
0 - 5 brown sandy clay no
5 - 14 grayish-brown sandy no
14 - 20 gray clay yes
20 - 25 tan sand no
7as-r o
ST �,
r /yoke � �O
TEST PO L.F,
i �"
f -
ODOR RELATED ACTIVITIES
Cul-de-Sac Lot No.
Street
WATER 15 16
Install water line &�---��nt 1
Install water laterals & meters 1 1 1
Install water house connections 2 2
SEWER
Install building sewer lines 1 2
Install building to lateral connections 1 2
GAS
Install gas main 1
Install gas laterals to buildings 1 1 2
ELECTRIC & PHONE
Install street .crossing conduit 2
Install electric & phone service to
buildings (same ditch) 1 1 1
MISCELLANEOUS
Subgrade for street 2
Trenching for foundations 2 2
Legend: (1) Activity expected to expose odor material .
. (2) Activity not expected to expose odor material .
blank Activity which will not expose odor material .
CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH
i INTER-DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION
HUNTINGMN BEACH
To FILE From Richard A. Harlow
Acting City. Administrator
Subject BUCCELLA PROJECT Date September.= 30, 1976
This is to bring the file up to date with the events that have taken
place with the Buccella project. Early Tuesday morning construction
of the manhole and sewer lines commenced which unearthed a considerable
amount of odorous earth. This produced numerous telephone calls and
complaints from citizens in the area. I personally investigated the
site and felt that the construction was consistent with what Mr. Buccella
had advised the Council Monday evening. I also met with a resident of
the area who appeared to be affected and brought her up to date with
current activities.
The citizens in the area had a homeowners meeting Tuesday evening and
discussed possibly taking action against the developer or the City to
eliminate the source of the odor. Mayor Wieder attended the meeting and
advised the homeowners that .the City would be seeking a temporary re-
straining order on the activities. The City Attorney's Office was ..con-
tacted that evening and concurred that this action appeared to be appropriate;
Wednesday morning the City Attorney's Office began research on the matter
and completed their research by mid-afternoon. In the meantime, the
Department of Public Works had scheduled a meeting with the developer
as well as a representative from the APCD to discuss the problem. That
morning I contacted the. County Administrator ' s Office to advise them of
our problem and to seek assistance. They put me in touch with the
Environmental Managemeabr=: Agency who referred me to Mr. .Stone of the
Environmental Health Division of the Health Department. He was most co-
operative and placed one of the top assistants, Mr. Ken Regier, on the
project. Mr. Regier will be working with the APCD to determine the cause
of the odor and extent of the problem.
On Wednesday afternoon, the City Attorney' s Office contacted the attorney
for Mr. Buccella. They agreed that no further trenching would occur.
The only activity on the site should be a backfill operation to seal off
the exposed odorous material. A meeting has been scheduled for Thursday
morning with the attorney for Mr. Buccella, the City attorney, and myself
to attempt to agree to a stipulated temporary restraining order.
It appears that the Buccella Corporation is being most cooperative in this
matter and we hope to resolve the situation as quickly as possible.
CITY OF MUM-riNWON BEACH
iNT'E1k-;bE-PAAfMtNf COMMUNICATION
H
HUNTiNGTON BEACH'
To FILE From Richard. A. Harlow
Acting city Administrator
Subject BUCCiEfl-A PORIOjtCrk Date September 10, 1976
I was contacted this 'morning by t6b .H, GardAriahi Safety -Engineer
with Standard Oil at t! Segundo: He advised the that he is a resident
of the area affected by the odors in the tuddella Subdivision and that
he was familiar with the problem the City was currently. facing in that.
he hadi.-dealf: with §iifiil&tma-Ete-' t6 in the past while Working for Standard
Oil. He indidd-66A that the problem was the methyl m6rcdptan sulphur
present in the soil which Was emitting the odor and indicated that past
. .
experience had proventhat the use of Any okidizihq agent would change
the chemical dbinpogiti6h of the sulphur and thereby eliminate the odor.
He suggested th&t any of the follO-' ,Wihq materials could be used : lite,
sodium hyp6dhldkiit-e (used for bleach i---Lthi§, is a liquid) ; calcium hypo-
chlorite (poWlibt f6±t"-w6Uld have to be disded into the soil) ; potassium
permangAhat6 (the pt6bi&fi with this is that it would turn the earth purple
and may cause the rdgiddhts in thd .akdA to be concerned by the appearance
even though it is a stronger 6-61ht) Any one of these would serve as a
�g Y
catalyst to dbhVdkt the methyl ml-e-kda-ptdn sulphur to A methyl mercaptan
sulphatei which it a salt; and thereby eililmiiheitd the odor:
I was alto d6ntAdtP.d by Herbert Clark; a ptl;hcl;p&l in a firm called
ConVdrsion byhdidids- 4 He is aresident Of Santa Barbara and had heard
of our problem over the radio this morning. He. advised me that a sub-
sidiary of his 6-6-m- p' aiihiyj known b West6rlok ivisioni. at one time worked
with major oil d6tp&fii6§ in dibp6sizng of oil field:.' and oil refinery
Wastes: 96 indicated that the rneithdd used by this particular company _
wasto excavate ad much of the soil As Possible and to doVitit the remaining.
dirt with illidd and then to disc it: ilhf-d the soil. this apparently is
consistent with the §atb method fbd&fdn6fid&d by Mr-: dardzitiAhi
I discussed with Mki; keqi6f of the Environmental Health section of the
Health bepa' ktifiefit the possibility of spraying the site with the sodium
hypochi6ritdi; It was Mr. k6giekis opinion that the odor tnely be as offensive
as the methyl .
mdrdaptah and that some consideration should be given to
that possibility: kd A1§6 AdVibed me that he did have an opportunity to
review the dh6tiddl dhAlys69 but as yet had not k6deiV6d the precise-bke&k-
down of the quantities of the chemicals in the soil (this information has
since been Pk6Vi.ded to the Health b6pAkbheht) . .,- if- was kt. -keqier,1,$ opinion
that ,the- rec6mMdndati6ft of the tku6sd&jl,.!,ab provided by-,Mr. 'Budcella 'that a
lime application be used, disc6d into the soil, covered over and theb—
watered .. ' .would be more acceptable in the heighborhqod than the- sodium
hypbchlorite. I discussed this alternative with the " City -Attorney;
as well as BuccellA, who w'iezid in attendance with .Mr. Gar.darian. It was
their opinion that they would proceed with the sodium hypochlorite, however,
they would be using it in small quantities as a testing measure first and
then if that worked they would be using it on a larger scale but again
BUCCELLA PROJECT -2- September 30, 1976
under controlled conditions. This appeared to be acceptable to the
group. I did recommend that Mr. Buccella discuss with his toxicologist
any chemical application that would be applied to the soil and to receive
from him in writing some certification that the application was not
harmful to the health of any person living in the area. Mr. Buccella
indicated that he would be providing this type of insurance.
A meeting was held this morning between the City. Attornev.Bonfa, Assistant
City Attorney .Amsbary, .Frank Buccella, representatives of Mr. Buccella' s
Companv as well as his attorney, Mayor Wieder, Mr. Leo Gardarian and
myself. After considerable discussion of the problem,
it was agreed by both parties, the City and the Buccella Company, that
no work would be commenced on the site without consent of the City. Mr .
Buccella further agreed that he will notify the City two to three days in
advance of any activity and should there be disagreement, this would allow
ample opportunity for the City to file a temporary restraining order.
Because of this, it was agreed that the City would not be-filing the
temporary restraining order unless it appeared to be absolutely necessary.
That meeting adjourned with the parties involved, along with Walt Hurtienne,
proceeding to the site to test the applicability of the bleach applied
to the soil.
At approximately 2 :30 on 9/30/76, Walt Hurtienne contacted me from the
Buccella site. He advised me that the testing of the bleach on the soil
material did work, however, .it--was not the- kind -of a process that would
eliminate the .problem immediately---it would probably take some time for
the chemcial action to take place. - He did point out that there was
approximately 50 yards of the odoriferous material on site which had to
be disposed of. It was the recommendation of the Air Pollution Control
District yesterday that the material be hauled off to the dump. It was
estimated that this would take approximately four hours. The Air Pollution
Control District' s direction to remove it to the dump was not so much that
not-
it should be hauled off to the dump but that it should not b lying around
the surface of the site being exposed to the air and thereby creating
further problems in the neighborhood. Mr. Buccella' s comment to that
to me this afternoon was that he would prefer burying that soil in the
trenches that were dug throughout the site so that the soil could then be
treated with the necessary chemicals and a cover of fresh earth applied
to the site. He estimated that this .back fill operation would take
approximately two hours. Based on the fact that the amount of time for the
back fill would be approximately half of what it would take to remove it
and haul it to the dump, I authorized Mr. Buccella to proceed with the back
fill operation. . I did qualify this, however, by advising Mr. Buccella that
he should be contacting the persons' in the neighborhood, at least those
who would be most affected by this, and tell. them of his proposal to
disturb the soil in the back fill operation- -he agreed _tc- this. Walt
Hurtienne advised me that Tom Blackman, the inspector for the Department
of Public Works, would be on site during this entire operation to see to
it that all precautions were being taken to reduce the amount of odor.
Precautions that we would expect them to take in this regard would be
WELLA PROJECT -3- September 30, 1976
:praying of the soil with the chemical provided by the laboratory to
Mr. Buccella. In addition, the inspector will be stopping by the site
on an hourly basis to see that no problems occur. -
.
i
September 25, 1976
j To: Mr. Frank Buccella
Buccella Engineering Builders
'From: Kenneth E. Maxwell, Ph.D.
Consulting Toxicologist
Subject: Toxicological Hazards - Supplement to Report of
September -24, 1976.
My study of the toxicological characteristics of the
emanations from the construction site, as given .in my report
dated September 24, - 1976, indicates that there is no hazard
to the health of residents of the surrounding community, even
though discomfort may be experienced from the high odor-pro-
ducing properties of the material, and at extremely dilute
concentrations in air.
1
This supplemental report relates to the comfort and
safety of workmen, who will be in excavations and trenches
in close contact with the source and, consequently, in con-
centrations several times higher than in the vicinity sur-
rounding the actual work area. This report is also prompted
by the fact that the following have transpired since the
earlier report: (1) I have received a copy of the analytical
report from West Coast Technical Service Inc. -, which contains
information not previously available, (2� I have had a chance
to inspect the development site and surroundings more thoroughly
than on my first visit, and (3) I have examined a specimen_ of
the offending soil under the microscope.
The West Coast Technical Service )report dated September
22, 1976, shows the presence of the following substances not
previously mentioned: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and
(assumed to be present due to odor) carbonyl sulfide. Comments
on the toxicity and hazards of these compounds are as follows :
�H dro e�nn sulfide is a colorless , flammable gas , with an
odor resembling rotten eggs , and can be detected b the human
nose at a concentration of 2 pb (parts per billion. The USOS
(U. S. Occupational Standard gives- a ceiling concentration of
20 ppm, and a peak concentration of 50 ppm. The Ambient Air
Quality Standard of the California Air Resources Board is 0.03
ppm for 1 hour. Where workmen are concerned, its toxic nature
indicates the need to lean toward the side of caution, since
it can be fatal more quickly than a similar concentration of
cyanide. West Coast' s analysis gave no indication of concen-
tration, and since Truesdail' s limit of detection was 10 ppm,
the findings leaverpen the possibility of significant quanti-
ties of hydrogen sulfide. My opinion, however, is that the
contribution of hydrogen sulfide is low.
. � Mr. Frank Bu._ella - page 2
Carbonyl sulfide (carbon oxysulfide) was suspected by
odor only. The material is an odorless, volatile liquid,
A with odors being caused by impurities . The lowest reported
lethal concentration to laboratory animals by inhalation is
2,900 ppm, which places it among the less toxic materials .
Hydrocarbons were mentioned in my previous report, but
the concentration reported by Truesdail (90 ppm) justifies
discussing this constituent in more detail. The hydrocarbons
i detected were aliphatic components of petroleum in the gaso-
line range. These compounds are considered to be of relatively
low toxicity. For example, the USOS for heptane (C ) is 500
ppm, and this is taken generally to be the maximum allowable
concentration of gasoline. However, where workmen are exposed
at the source' of the fumes, hydrocarbons may contribute to
their discomfort, and could add to the toxic effects of other
materials that may be present.
Fire and explosion hazards depend on the concentration
of flammable gases in suscep ble areas on the construction
site such as trenches excavations and pipes . The following
substances in the malodorous fumes are flammable, and can be
a fire or explosion hazard under certain conditions : methyl
s mercaptan, methyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide
(if present) , and hydrocarbons in the gasoline range. The
concentration of these materials is apt to be too low to be
dangerous, but there is not enough imformation on the concen-
trations of the various components in the- trenches to say
whether there is or is not a potential explosion hazard.
As a precaution, I recommend that workmen in trenches and ex-
cavations be advised to refrain from smoking. I assume there
will be no need for welding.
Comfort and safety of workmen. People digging or working
in the ending so�ay expert nce acute discomfort from the
odor while in close proximity to the source of the fumes . - Gas
masks -will provide protection. Also,- confirming my verbal
statement, workmen should be told to wear gas masks where ex-
posed to toxic fumes in closed spaces or areas such as trenches
where fumes cannot dissipate rapidly. It is accepted practice
among sewer workers, spray operators , and others who work in
confined or, semi-enclosed spaces , to use the precautionary
measure of wearing gas masks, even though danger to the communi-
tyin surrounding areas is not a problem. Anyone familiar with
industrial safety practices will accept this simple precaution.
Orrii in of odor. My initial opinion was that the offending
material was of natural organic origin, based on the elevation
of the site near, sea level, the presence of peat, and the nega-
tive laboratory report as to refinery waste. However, the possi-
bility that the material had a refinery origin cannot be ruled
out. Examination of the material under the microscope showed
that- it did not contain diatomaceous earth, but had the appear-
Mr.. Frank Buc,_lla - page 3
ance of finely divided clayy. The sample dispersed in water
slowly. The material may be discarded filter cake from the
refining .of casinghead gasoline (natural gasoline) or straight
.run gasoline. In any case, since there was no odor before the
offending material was uncovered by excavation and trenching,
there is no reason to think there will be a problem after the
overburden of earth is replaced.
Respectfully submitted,
Kenneth E. Maxwell, Ph. D.
Toxicologist
Addendum:
Sulfur dioxide, found 'to be present by West Coast' s
analysis',is a gas with a very pungent odor, and is highly
f irritating to mucous membranes and the respiratory tract.
The USOS has been -set at 5 ppm. Since Truesdail' s limit
of detection is 10 ppm, the concentration; theoretically,
could be at a dangerous level. However, the gas is so
irritating that it serves as its own. warning agent. It
is unlikely that sulfur dioxide is a significant factor
in producing the offensive odor, nor is it apt' to be a
hazard to workmen at the site.
K.E.M.
1
i
0 wry-IL
September 24, 1976
I
To: Mr. Frank Buccella
From: Kenneth E. Maxwell, Ph.D.
1 Consulting Toxicologist
Subject: Toxicological Hazards , Development off Warner Avenue,
Huntington Beach, California
i
The evidence, based on an examination of the site, to-
gether with analytical results made available to me, is that
the unpleasant odor emanating from the construction site has
a natural origin. The problem appears to arise from organic
material laid down in a marsh or estuary that formerly existed
in the area; but later became covered with a layer of soil.
' Removal of the overburden exposed layers containing the partial-
ly decomposed organic matter, releasing some of the gaseous and
volatile decomposition products to the atmosphere. There is
no substantial evidence of petroleum or other waste material
I except decayed vegetation and natural deposits of sediment.
i
It should be understood before appraising the comments
i in this report that toxicologists make a distinction between
"toxic or poisonous" and "dangerous or hazardous . " The reason
for this is that very few things we encounter in the environment
are completely non-toxic or non-poisonous under all conditions .
For example, oxygen is non-hazardous in its normal atmospheric
concentration, but if breathed in pure form for a long period
of time, it becomes dangerous and can be lethal by causing a
condition called hyperoxia. Thus, they-danger of a toxic sub-
stance depends on a number of conditions , usually the concen-
tration being the most important one in determining the degree
of hazard.
Based on the results given in an analytical report by
Truesdail Laboratories , dated September 22, 1976, and a
report by William Hartge of a verbal report from Dr. Fisher
of West Coast Technical Services on September 21, 1976,
substances were detected that probably account for nearly all
the bad odor. My -comments on the potential danger to the
health of nearby residents are as follows :
Methyl merca tan (methanethiol) is a gas at ordinary
temperature and pressure. The mercaptans are notoriously
smelly materials, one of them being a constituent of the
malodorous secretions of skunks . This and closely related
mercaptans have odors that are detectable at extremely low
concentrations in air. For example, it was determined that
t 1. ..
Mr. Frank Buc la - page 2
ethyl mercaptan, the nearest relative to methyl mercaptan,
can be smelled at a concentration of .one volume of the mer-
captan in 50 billion parts by volume of air. Since the ob-
noxious odor increases with decreasing molecular weight, methyl
mercaptan would produce an odor at an even more dilute concen-
tration, well below the toxic level.
Therefore, atmospheric concentrations of the mercaptans
in the open are not necessarily hazardous, even though the .
odor may be oppressive., and it is only when the odor becomes
overpowering that the concentration would ordinarily be high
enough to be cause for alarm. However, the lower weight
mercaptans, such as methyl mercaptan, are toxic,. and can pose
health hazards in industries where workers are exposed con-
tinuously to the gas : The USOS (U. S.. Occupational Standard)
for methyl mercaptan in air ives • a CL (ceiling concentration)
of 10 ppm (parts per million.
The degree of hazard to health from atmospheric methyl
mercaptan can be best understood in perspective by compari-
son with the principal toxic ingredients of automobile ex-
haust and its by-products : hydrocarbons , carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. Hydrocarbons are the least toxic
` of the group, and need not be discussed in this context. The
danger of carbon monoxide is well known. The U. S . Occupa-
tional Stancnar-Tis ppm in air, while the California Air
Resources Board standard for 12 hours of exposure is 10 ppm.
Nitro e_n dioxide is more toxic, having a USOS :of 5 ppm, and
a National tandard for air pollution of 0.05 ppm, average
annual concentration. Ozone is the most toxic of the main
vehicular by-product pollutants , having been assigned a USOS
of 0. 1 ppm and a California Standard for air pollution of
0. 1 ppm for only one hour exposure. These values give an
indication of the relative hazard of methyl mercaptan, which
has been assigned a USOS of 10 ppm, roughly. in between the
standards -for carbon monoxide and-nitrogen dioxide, but
having the advantage of an -extremely disagreeable -odor as a
warning flag.
Methyl- sulfide (dimethyl sulfide) is a colorless liquid
at ordinary temperature and pressure, but is fairly volatile,
with a boiling point of about 36°C (about 97°F) , and has a
disagreeable odor . Data on toxicity are limited with respect
to inhalation hazards . By in estion, toxicity evaluations on
i laboratory rats gave an LD50 comparable to a median lethal
j dose) of 3, 300 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram) , a value that
I is considered to indicate very low toxicity. For example,
an average -lethal dose of aspirin would be about half that
quantity.
Intan ible effects on health. Bad odors may be not only
toxic ut annoying as weTT, amain the present case annoyance
l
1
, l
Mr. Frank Bucct a - page 3
seems to be the most troublesome aspect. However, it is
well to .recognize that annoyance, in itself, can cause
headaches and 'even nausea. When these symptoms are already
present, bad odors could exacerbate the condition, very
.largely through suggestion alone. Aspirin for headaches
is the largest over-the-counter medicine in terms of volume,
and it would be surprising if a number of people living
within nose-shot were not in need of an analgesic, odor or
no odor. Any action that reduces the annoying effect of the
bad odor could be expected to alleviate the problem. There-
fore the spraying of perfume was a good shot in the dark. If
an effective deodorant can be found, it would be worth trying
over a sufficient area to determine its efficacy.
Potential problems .
If corrective measures that are taken during the con-
struction phase of the development turn out to be inadequate
to prevent future- emanations of smelly gases, trouble could
come from three sources : odors, toxic effects , and fire or
explosion hazards . Gases that are heavier than air tend to
accumulate in buildings , and can . reach dangerous levels of
a concentration. Since the principal malodorous gases known
to be present, methyl mercaptan and methyl sulfide, possess
all three undesirable properties ,. consideration must be
given to any precautions that can be taken against future
emanations . Hydrogen sulfide, if produced by decomposition
of other sulfides,s, - Ty disturbances or changes in
soil conditions , would pose similar problems .
Non-problems .
Hydrocarbons, such as those reported in the analytical
results, have generally low toxicity, and would require much
higher concentrations to comprise a health hazard. However,
if additional findings show an increase in hydrocarbons,
the possibility of future emanations of the lower molecular
weight hydrocarbons collecting in enclosed spaces such as
buildings and utility trenches should be studied with a
view toward evaluating fire and explosion hazards .
Hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide are both smelly
and toxic, Eut since the fi—din' was negative, a discussion
of their hazardous nature is not needed. The negative report-
on chlorinated hydrocarbons also obviates an evaluation of
these materials .
}
References and documentation canbe furnished if you
wish to have t em.
RECOMMENDATIONS (some of which have been done or may be in progress
1. Use deodorants during times of high odor levels if
any can be found that are demonstrated to be effective.
.77 J
.i
�.w+.:w�io`<+a:-:.ems•...- -- �:..s+�vsGra.o� •-...�7c�*:'�9erf�a �-`7tis63�+�+c?z' -.*.S.--�.v�a'tx:' e,w .�.9�y w::i:��uSPa;i;
Mr. Frank Buccella - page 4
2. Remove as much of the odor-producing soil as practi-
cal, that remaining to be covered with a seal of fresh soil.
Take core samples if necessary to determine the depth and
extent of the offending layer.
3. Obtain input from as many qualified sources as
feasible concerning the following:
a. The depth and kind _ of soil needed to form a
non-porous , permanent seal over the odiferous stratum. It
would be possible to make usefulcbterminations in the labora-
tory with straightforward tests , but the time required would
probably not be acceptable in view of the urgent need for
decisions .
b. Whether there is any possibility of the
malodorous gases being given off at or immediately surrounding
the building sites . If so, take corrective measures as in
the other. areas .
3
4, If the odor in the general area does not subside,
have air samples taken. at the site to determine concentrations,
i perhaps through the cooperation. of the' air pollution control
district.
5. If it is necessary for workmen to work in trenches
or other depressions in areas where the odor o:f gases is
evident, concentrations should be determined, 'and the ex-
posure times adjusted accordingly. If necessary, gas masks
should be. provided, and personnel should be warned of potential
fire or explosion hazards . However, such high concentrations
are not anticipated. Recommendations for gas masks can be
obtained from the State Division of Industrial Safety.
Respectfully submitted,
Kenneth E. axwell,r Ph.D.
Toxicologist
FOR IMMEDIATE RELPASE
�-� FROM Bill Reed 5: 6511
September 28, 197b
77-46
: :: ::::.
" ............:.......
i e
�� ' City of Huntington Beach
P.O. BOX 190 CALIFORNIA 92648
t
{
Huntington Beach City Council Monday night decided to call
for help in its on going battle to find a cure for the odor problems
on Warner Avenue near a construction site east of Bolsa Chica
Street, across from Meadowlark Airport.
For weeks a garlic-like odor has eminated from the earth
where developer Frank Buccella has faced troubles ranging from
the discovery of a centuries old Indian skeleton to the odor which
has all- but closed the construction project.
Chemists hired by both the city and by the developer have
looked at the chemicals in the 60 foot diameter of offending dirt
and each lab has all but thrown up its hands when it comes to
recommendations to cure the problem.
Tuesday Mayor Harriett Wieder called. on governmental agencies
from Governor Brown on down to lend a hand in finding a cure for
the problem.
In a telegram to various state, county and federal agencies
she asked for help. "The city is faced with a public nuisance
I
with which we have been unable to cope and request and require any
assistance your office may be able to render. "
"We do not know how to solve the noxious , but non-toxic
odor problem. "
-more-
ADD 1-1-1
Buccella is beginning soil boring today in his attempt to
solve the on-site problems. He told the council the area from -.
which the foul odors come is about 1 ,000 square feet. He has removed
some 400 cubic yards of dirt .and is spraying it ;with chemical to
kill the odor.
While the odor apparently is irritating to some residents,
. the fumes do not appear to be toxic, according to city officials
and the chemists.
a
-30-
1
i
�!a ' City. of H untin tots - Beach
P.O. BOX 190 CALIFORNIA 92648
OFIr'I(:G 01' PUBLICINFORMATION
WII,IAA1NI G. REEID
Telepl,00c (714) 536-5511
i
i
Mailgram sent 9/28/76
Distribution List:
Fmvironmenlal Prolection Agency, San Francisco
i Oranre Comity Board of Stilwi-visors, Alln: Chairman Ralph Diedrich
Snpervisor Laurence Schiuit
Snpervisor Thom.is Riley.
Governor F,dnumd G. Drown
Attorney- General Gvelle Your-'er
Orange Comity Dist. Attorney Cecil Ilicks
Tom Quinn, State Air Resources-Air Quality, :Sacramento
The City of lluntington Beach is faced with a public nuisance with which we have been
unable to cope and request and require ally assistance your office may be able to render.
A.noxious odor arising from a patch of earth some GO feet in diameter, a strong garlic-like
smell, leas hung over a portion of the city for weeks while chemists investigated the cause.
Despite analysis by two leading laboratories no solution to the problem has been discovered.
Soil has.been removed, the area sprayed and still[lie odor hangs over the city. The City
Council has declared the odorous problem a public nuisance and has called on couily and
state agencies to help.
We do not know how to solve Lite noxious, brit non-toxic odor problem. if your agency
or auy other ),off know of can help please call Mayor Harriett Wieder, or Assistant City
Administrator Richard Harlow inunedialely.
Mayor Harriett Wicder
report ��n�`�
z ;
Prepared For WEST
E ST
Mr. Mel Tooker COAST
Dept. of Environmental Resources
Post Office Box 190 TECHNICAL
Huntington Beach, CA 92648 SERVICE "
Y = Date Job No. INC.
September 22, 1976 11220
17605 Fabrica Way,Suite D
L.•o•
.•rta• _a + PO.No. _ Cerritos,California90701
'' ''-' " Verbal per Mr. Mel Tooker 213/s21-9631
�..,w
714/523-9200
_ The clay samples submitted by you were received in our laboratory on .
September 10, 1976 and analyzed for volatile components which could
result in irritation and/or discomfort to persons exposed to contaminated
air.
"f d, A portion of the sample was initially placed in an evacuated container and
cooled in liquid nitrogen after which the air was removed from the system.
The contents were then warmed to 40°C and the volatile components
analyzed by mass spectroscopy. The only compounds, other than the
expected water and carbon dioxide, were trace quantities of hydrocarbon
in the butane through hexane range.
A second experiment was then carried out by passing dry nitrogen gas
through a 50 gram sample of the clay which was warmed to 100°C and
trapping the organic components on a Tenax-G tube. The trapping tube
was then attached to the mass spectrometer inlet and heated to 275°C to
desolve any trapped material. The off-gas products were then analyzed
by mass spectroscopy. The only materials which were detected were
aliphatic hydrocarbons.
A third experiment was then performed. The volatile components from
a 150 gm sample of clay were distilled under vacuum at a temperature of a
150°C. The volatile components.were then collected in a liquid nitrogen
trap. The trapped material was then analyzed by mass spectrometry and
combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The products which
were detected and identified by these procedures were as follows:
-� = dimethyl sulfide
hydrogen sulfide.
sulfur dioxide
methyl mercaptan
Specific components which were analyzed for but not detected were the following:
11UNiiNGTOid BEACH carbon disulfide
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
carbonyl sulfide
r E.
1 chlorinated hydrocarbons
> � .P ` ,� 976
P. O. Box 190
Huntin&n Beach, C31if. 0264E
This report pertains only to the samples investigated and does not necessarily apply to other apparently identical or similar materials.This report is submitted for the ex-
clusive use of the client to whom it is addressed.Any reproduction of this report or use of this Laboratory's name for advertising or publicity purposes without written
nuthnrizatinn is prohib;tnrl.
°u V jT COAST TECHNICAL SERVIC JC.
Dept. of Environmental Resources September 22, 1976
Mr. Mel Tooker Page 2
While carbonyl sulfide was not detected, it was the consensus of the
personnel.at this laboratory that it was present at a very low level
because of the observed characteristic odor.
We are unable, at this time, to offer any firm suggestions as to
procedures to follow in carrying out the balance of the grading operation.
It is felt, however, that the removal of the most offensive material to a
suitable landfill area, and the application of lime to the area followed by
the application of clean fill dirt may alleviate the problem.
If we can be of any further service, please do not hesitate to contact us.
t Respectfully submitted,
WEST CqAS ECH C' L E•RVICE INC.
wig -�ishe Ph.D.
Vice P e ent-Technical Director
HDF/kd
CC: Mr. Ken Goddard
Huntington Beach Police Dept
I` t { -. 'Oj(<• %*Y { -'Ss P.-+-.-c�: 5-tv+ •L a..ty •'r`-..a�:i-'��'.•*�j
-- — - - •� -
/t r11D1•.PJ. R FIGU IOA STEET
Oi `
;C �PA15�5. - P111CROSIOL.Q t'
1FITS FNGI'a ER LUt3 ACJt`el: s.S � nU r`
':14GI3EAPC14`, I7EVElOPIdEPIT - tC 't IP n;,'- ►LAEEti F:rJ�F i l �,., iC.? + 1u:A
r r.
C`P•.G'L C t _T. F2 :1.•t: L A.G'-� •
alFNI' ' 3001 P'ed Mill Avenue 5epter"";tic>,
,yL7,ATE ,
`f , Cos La Mesa, Calxforni 26 { §
Attention Allen.$ell121�t L'IVIrD Sep t`eniaer 13;; l y76
c ,
Y
SAMI'Lls Ioi1r samples of soil", •orc� ni}' prcrund �7 t. i,A 3OR.4TDI<Y. !`+'D
YNNFS'><YGA'IIQ1`d Cause,o C f oi3 ar
r ,
�E CJL TS_
`Tlie air in .thit.e of the bx was'analy;.:t,a---for volatile',..componen'tt by.--gas• ,
>' 'chromatography;`.it;ryas found tu. contain .aUout ;90 ppm hydrocarbons frOma` C4.
t (butane). to C9 (nonane). This .cancentraCiorr qL these gases is completely halm-
:`' less- to human health. The air.was also analyzed .for the presence of hydrogen
sulfide and sulfur. dioxide. Neither was detected, the detectio.h limit''was: 10
parts per million. The odor of the sample is:due to mercaptans and related
substances. These are organic sulfur containing compounds with very. strong un-
pleasant odors.
The composition of the hydrocarbons found in the air above the soils is
quite similar-to that of gasoline but we could not determine whether it is
natural (casing head) or refined gasoline. The soils had a pIi of 6 which is
in the normal range, whereas refinery wastes tend to be highly acidic. This
would indicate that the source is probably not refinery waste.
Since the odor did not appear until the: area was excavated it is probable
that when the excavation is refilled the odor will disappear-, to remove or mask
the odor during operations we suggest you contact a firm that specializes in
this work, such as Aeroscohic Engineers, (213)- 877-0128.
2��� Respectfully submitted,
TRUESDAIL LABO1'.A`I'Oh I+l S,, INC.
V.
_ � -t Charlie A. Crutchfield, Ph.Tjr 11 .
Technical Director
. 1
This report applies only to the sample, or samples• investigated and is not necewarily indicative of the quality or condition of appa-endy
identical or similar products. As a mutual protection to clients, the public and rlir.,2 Laboratorie_, this report is submitted and accepted
for the exclusive use of the client to whom it is addressed and upon the condition that it is not to be used, in whole or in part, in any
advertising or publicity matter without prior written authorization from these Laboratories.
CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH
INTER-DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION
HUNTINGTON BEACH
To File From H. E. Hartge
Subject Odor Problem Tract -9235 Date September 21, .1976
On Thursday, September 9, 1976 , while grading for the development of
the above tract, some material was uncovered which released an odor which :
carried over a widespread area, downwind from the site.. The Fire Depart-
merit -took a soil sample which was turned over to the Police Lab.: This
sample, in turn, was sent to West Coast Technical Service Lab in Cerritos.
Rains on Thursday night, Friday and early Saturday caused water to cover
some 'of the contaminated areas easing the odor problem somewhat.
The preliminary foundation investigation for the proposed development
did not disclose any problem which resulted in the odor problem. Five :
borings were taken to depths varying from 15' to 20 ' .
Mr. Buccella also arranged for a sample of the material to. be taken
to Truesdale Lab in Los Angeles. The written report has not been received
yet,. but preliminary conversations with the lab indicates that .the odors
do not cause a hazardous problem to. a person' s health.:
Likewise, the written report has not been received from West Coast
Technical Service. Following is information I took down on September 20,. .
1976, during a telephone conversation with Dr. Fisher: of that .lab.
Di-methol sulfides
Methylmercaptan
Small amounts of hydrocarbons
No chlorinated hydrocarbons
No detectible carbon disulfide
No evidence of a solvent dump
On Saturday, September 18, 1976 , I directed City personnel to apply
a deodorant on the site to attempt to relieve the bad smell entering onto
the adjoining properties. This appeared to help according to some citizens,
while others felt it only added another smell.
I instructed Mr. Buccella to confine his activities at .the site to.
filling over thee contaminated areas with a clean fill and to the removal
of trash until: the full report has been received and some remedial action
can be taken as a result of recommendations of the consultant. Also, he
can commence trenching for sewer lines in those areas away from the bad
soil. If he encounters some adverse odors from the excavation (1) material
should be hauled away from the site, or (2) the material should be replaced
in the trench and covered up.
Finally we are looking towards Mr. Buccella, through his consultants,
to come up with :a plan to first relieve the area of the odors -as soon as
possible and, secondly, to gain some assurance that this will not be a
continuing problem.
HEH:ae
WEST COAST TECHNICAL SERVICE INC. invoiceAnalytical Chemists &Consultants • 213/921-9831 • 714/523-9200
Date September 22, 1976 Invoice N� 11240
Customer P.O.No. Verbal per Mr. Mel Tooker Our Job No. 11220
Presented to:
Dept. of Environmental Resources Mail Remittance to:
Post Office Box 190 17605 FABRICA WAY, SUITE D
Huntington Beach, CA 92648 CERRITOS, CALIF. 90701
Attn: Accounts Payable Dept.
For Professional Services as listed below. A written report is our
Terms: Net due upon presentation. only product.
AnalY-FIS cf Soil Samples for Noxious Vapor 5:00.00
A 2P 1 TOTAL AMOUNT DUE inn
The nature and scope of the above invoice,or any fees pertaining thereto,shall not include the authority to reproduce any reports,to use the name of West Coast Technical Service,
Inc.for advertising or publicity purposes,or to represent that any or all products,except the exact quantity of the items mentioned above,have been tested and/or analyzed by West
Coast Technical Service,Inc.The warranty for services or materials rendered by West Coast Technical Service,Inc.shall not exceed the feels)mentioned in the above invoice,and the
buyer herebywaives all other warranties,guarantees,conditions or liabilities,expressed or implied,arising by law or otherwise(including without limitation any obligation of West Coast
Technical Service,Inc.with respect to consequential damages)and whether or not occasioned by negligence of West Coast Technical Service,Inc.
DUPLICATE
U �
•ti a
ti
•
I•u CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH
ram' INTER-DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION
HUNTINGTON BEACH
To File From H. E. Hartge
Subject Odor Problem Tract 9235 Date September 21, 1976
On Thursday, September 9 , 1976 , while grading for the development of
the above tract, some material was uncovered which released an odor which
carried over a widespread area, downwind from the site. The Fire Depart-
ment took a soil sample which was turned over to the Police Lab. This
sample, in turn, was sent to West Coast Technical Service Lab in Cerritos.
Rains on Thursday night, Friday and early Saturday caused water to cover
some of the contaminated areas easing the odor problem somewhat.
The preliminary foundation investigation for the proposed development
did not disclose any problem which resulted in the odor problem. Five
borings were taken to depths varying from 15 ' to 20 ' .
Mr. Buccella also arranged for a sample of the material to be taken
to Truesdale Lab in Los Angeles. The written report has not been received
yet, but preliminary conversations with the lab indicates that the odors
do not cause a hazardous problem to a person' s health.
Likewise, the written report has not been received from West Coast
Technical Service. Following is information I took down _on September 20,
1976, during a telephone conversation with Dr. Fisher of that lab.
Di-methol sulfides
Methylmercaptan
Small amounts of hydrocarbons
No chlorinated hydrocarbons
No detectible carbon disulfide
No evidence of a solvent dump
On Saturday, September 18, 1976 , I directed City personnel to apply
a deodorant on the site to attempt to relieve the bad smell entering onto
the adjoining properties. This appeared to help according to some citizens,
.while others felt it only added another smell.
I instructed Mr. Buccella to confine his activities at the site to
filling over the contaminated areas with a clean fill and to the removal
of trash until the full report has been received and some remedial action
can be taken as a result of recommendations of the consultant. Also, he.
can commence trenching for sewer lines in those areas away from the bad
soil. If he encounters some adverse odors from the excavation (1) material
should be hauled away from the site, or (2) the material should be replaced
in the trench and covered up.
Finally we are looking towards Mr. Buccella, through his consultants,
to_. come up with a plan to first relieve the area of the odors as soon as
possible and, secondly, to gain some assurance that this will not be a
continuing problem.
t1I?11_a.e
CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH
INTER-DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION
HUNTINGTON BEACH
To Staff From H. E. Hartge
Subject Recap of Council Meeting of 9-20)ate September 21, 1976
Action taken by the City Council regarding items involving
this department and requiring action are recapped as follows :
Please refer to your copy of this agenda.
1. All items on the Consent Calendar were approved.
2. Item D-5 - Hold on advertisement of Warner Avenue until
after October 6 meeting so that Magnolia Street can be'
included. Action: Walt.
3. Item D-9 - Walt get together with Mrs. LeGaye for exchange.
H. E. Hartge
Director of Public Works
HEH:ae
9/114 Distribution of Gas
l Equipment is available to prevent the excessive escape of General Methods for Odor Estimation
i vapors during this operation.For example,an odorizer may be
t inserted as a by-pas,in the line leading to the LP-gas storage 1. One or more observers may smell the gas from an opened
a valve. This is not accurate, as the amount of gas in air can.
or shipping container.= Line pressure is used to drive a not be evaluated although a relative odor evaluation can.be
pointed bar thru the tops of individual containers stacked in
this odorizer.The liquefied gas is then passed thru the device, made.
where it picks up the charge of odorant. After the product run
2. Chart gas leak complaints from customers on a per 1000
is completed, the by-pass valves are closed, the device is meter per month basis. This operating information will indi.
opened, and the plunger and empty odorant containers are sate need for changes in odorant injection rate. The proper
rate is affected by the season, other odors in the atmosphere,
removed. neighborhood odors,sewers odors, smog,etc.
Housing. Maintenance of odorant and odorizing equip-
3. Increase odorant rate for short periods and evaluate the
! ment at a reasonable temperature, avoiding extremes of
cold and heat, will increase the accuracy of the odorant resultant increase in leak complaints received.
introduction rate. At times of repair and servicing and of 4. Record volume of odorant used per day or per week and
calculate the pounds of odorant used per MMCF of g,•u
occasional leakage, odorant will escape from the equipment. sold.
For these and other reasons man}- odorizers are housed in
buildings." Such buildings should be as tiglit as possible Colorimeter Methods (for Amyl Mercaptan Only)ar
and provided with blowers that pass all air leaving the
building through a bed of activated charcoal which removes Pass 2.5 cu ft of gas thru copper oleate treated paper awl
` odors.This construction reduces odor complaints in the area expose paper to sun or other light for 15 min. Comparison of
i and provides better working conditions for service men, resultant color (shade of brown) with. a Pentalarm color
Disposal of Gas Vented from Odorizer. Tanks. When standard chart permits determining amount of odorant
it is uneconomical to deodorize vented gases by activated present.
charcoal, silica gel, or bubbling thru caustic solutions, Another method involves passing 3 cu ft of gas thru a mix-
flaring may be used. The elements of one system21 to depres- ture of copper butyl phti.alate and n-butanol in an absorlx�r.
surize a 250 gal odorant supply tank.at 250 prig included: The solution is then transferred to a colorimeter tube,exposed
(1) regulation of the vented gas pressure to 30 psi- to a flare to ultraviolet light, and compared in a colorimeter with a
burner located 40 ft from the "odorant tank; (2) combustion standard solution. Intensity of color gives results in terms of
of the vapor (required 600 efh of 1000 Btu gas for 15 min); pounds of odorant per AI1ViCF.
(3) electrical ignition of constant pilot; (4) combustion-draft
arrangement consisting of a 22 in. diam pipe within a 30 in. The Austin Gas Titrator
pipe,both 10 ft high.
This titrator (Alicro-Path Inc.) is a lightweight, compact
battery operated instrument for making analyses of sulfur
TEST METHODS FOR DETERMINING odorant compounds in gas streams."It is used in the field lrc
nontechnical personnel, as well as for research and control
ODORIZATION ADEQUACY problems. Various classes of sulfur compounds are separatol
Several test methods and instruments are available for by bubbling gas thru selective absorption solutions prior if,
determining adequacy of odorization. A study26 was made titration. A complete analysis of odorant compounds in a ga--
of the characteristics of four instruments that can be used to stream is made in a matter of a few minutes at the sample
analyze natural gas for sulfur compounds in trace concentra- site.The Titrilog is another commonly used titrator.
tions. Three of these instruments, the-Titrilog, the Austin I
BR 313 gas titrator, and the Beckman mercaptan analyzer, Odorometers
depend on chemical reactions to measure sulfur content. Companies which have used odorometers, with var)i�C
They cannot determine individual sulfur compounds. The degrees of success, include Oronite Chemical Co., San 1'rill-
fourth instrument is a conventional gas chromatograph cisco,Calif.; Southern California Gas Co.,Los Angeles,(':I!:f •
4 equipped with an Argon ionization diode detector. This in- Consolidated Edison Co.,2e New York, N. Y.; Indn•t:�'!
strument does appear capable of measuring individual sulfur Chemical Division of Pennsalt•Chemicals Corp.,a0 I'liil:o!c%
compound concentrations at typical odorant levels. phia, Pa.; and Rochester Gas & Electric Co.," Roche".
The A.G.A. Committee on Odorization established some N. Y. The principle of the odorometer is based on su1)l'1`:'
odor level terms in 1055. These terms are applicable to the' accurate mixtures of up to two per cent gas in air at an out: t
sensations detected by a healthy adult coming from the out- at which observers may smell the mixture.
side air upon entering a room containing some escaped gas.
Test Rooms
No. Term Description Odor level impressions of a panel of six people enteril,9
0 Nil No change from ambient odor odorized gas filled test room of 500 or 1000 cu ft arc gent r'a
1 Threshold First change from ambient odor used for an odorant evaluation test (not for establi!. �'t '
2 Barely detectable First recognition of odor of gas odorization rates or for field tests). Gas is usua111' a41i11"''
3 Readily detectable Adequate recognizable odor of gas to the room until 0.5 or 1.0 per cent gas is present.
4 Strong IN-lore than adequate gas odor report the odor impressions at various gas levels.
i
}
3
j
Gas Odorization 9/115
Table 9-45 Odor Levels of Typical Commercial Odorants'=
Mir. Lb of odorant per MMCF of gas diluted
recommended to 1%gas in air
odorizing rate,
Odorant Ib/MMCF Threshold* Recognitiont Warning$ Remarks
a
9 P Captan 0.25-1.0 0.0014 0.0050 0.050 Rotten meat&cabbage—sulfide
Captan .25-1.0 .0014 .0050 .010 Sour, meaty, and onion—mercaptans
Alert 80 .50-1.0 .0035 .0100 .010 Eggy,sour,and putrid
i Calodorant"C" 0.50 .0035 .0070 .014 Minty, garlic breath, eye and nose irritation
Calodorant"C"Spec. 1.0 .0040 .0200 .080 Garlic breath,gassy,sour
fi Spotleak 1008 0.25-1.0 0.0050 0.0140 0.050 Sulfide coal gas, metallic
•First change from inherent room odor.
t The point at which an odor becomes recognizable.
:e:?►� Impact sufficient to arrest attention.
A recent type of odor test room" is lined with 0.0025 in. A common wav of deciding on the optimum odorant rate
aluminum foil sealed to Transite with sodium silicate. An air is to total the number of monthly leak complaints which
flushing system takes air from inside the building thru a are due only to inadvertent release of gas, e.g., gas escape
battery of activated charcoal canisters. A Gilmont Ultra- preceding ignition. Tolerances among company practices
mieroburet is used to introduce odorant into the room. appear to be as many-as 3 to 45 leak complaints per 1000 meters
ti By another method,'with the observers present in the room, per month, with the majority between 3 and 13, and the
odorized gas is admitted at such a rate that a maximum con- average about 7 complaints per 1000 meters per month.
centration of 1 per cent is realized when the entering rate
y eq,.als the rate lost by normal air exchange. The required pDORIZATION PROBLEMS
gas rate is 0.33 per cent of the room volume per hr.* For the
gas to be considered adequately odorized,all observers should Fading of Odor
detect the odor of gas soon after it is injected.
A gas adequately odorized at the station may lose some of its
ODORANT CONCENTRATION FOR DETECTION odor under certain conditions before it reaches all points in the
system. Two factors may reduce the odor level. First, the
? Tests by trained observers in a closed room have demon- odorant may be chemically unstable, and thus prone to break
strated that the warning level of various commercial odorants. down or to react-with materials in the.pipeline. Second, the
i-reached with from%5 to 3-25 of the amounts recommended odorant may be physically adsorbed or absorbed by the pipe
by the manufacturers under ideal test conditions (see Table wall or materials thereon.
9-15). Recognition level may be from %0 or more of the 1\lereaptans" are oxidized by hydrated ferric oxide (usu-
amount for warning, and the threshol,; of smell is from j'' to ally-present in pipelines) to disulfides—compounds only about
it of that for recognition. one-eighth as odorous as the parent mercaptans. If oxygen is
The amount of odorant actually used in a distribution sys- present, iron oxide acts as a catalyst and the mercaptan is
i tent usually falls within the manufacturef's recommended oxidized by the oxygen.to a disulfide. Because mercaptan
range. However, in some instances the amount used will odorants are used in low concentrations, only low concentra-
range from % of the minimum recommended to double the tions of oxygen are required for complete conversion. A given
maximum.Reasons for these variations follow: amount of iron oxide will convert ten times as much mercap-
1. Condition and age of mains are a factor. Rusty, dirty tan to disulfides with oxygen present as without.
rnains, as well as new mains, may consume considerable In odorizing for the first time, extra odorant should be
odorant, added to compensate for odorant sorption by pipeline. Odor
2. Some odorants are more reactive with iron oxide and conditioning of new mains10 has been done with small by-
other main deposits than others. For example, a high re- pass odorizers. Odorant has also been added in one slug or
activity of mercaptans and iron oxide was suggested.15 Oil . from a drip pot that might feed for several days.Reduction of
(from oil fogging) tends to be preferentially adsorbed; thus, gas oxygen content (when air is added to control heating
the odorant is unaffected (or at least is less affected). value), use of a cyclic carbon-sulfur ring odorant, and oil
3.Some operating policies call for a highly odorized gas suf- wetting permit early odorant transmission thru new mains.
116CI t to make consumers report gas leaks even of nuisance Fading of odor within piping has reportedly been overcome
hizc. In other cases just enough odor is preferred for identifi- by a-company which used oil fogging" and local injection of
Cation of gas leaks. oil.Oil wet mains appear to maintain odorant better than dry
l ' 4. Conversion from manufactured gas to natural gas may mains.
wake it desirable to maintain the high odor level of the former Sorption by Soils. Odorants are absorbed in varying
I
Kits`_ degrees during passage thru different soils." Low molecular
""'lie atmosphere in the special test room thus contaminated
weight, insolubility in water,and low oxidation rate are indi-
(ct)"taining two doors and windows,with one of the doors and the cations of low soil sorption.
Mi"'ho%Vs iii two outside walls, and with wind outside the room
Varying from no wind to a slight wind)will be at approximately "Any gas with a strong odof leaking from underground
h the'lower flammability limit of natural gas, pipelines will retain its odor to a great degree under ordinary
9/118 Distribution of Gas
conditions. The extent of adsorption depends upon several passed thru a container of activated charcoal. The burner
factors,some of which are velocity and volume of gas,porosity must be designed so that all vent gases pass thru the flame
of soil, moisture content, type and concentration of odorant, and are oxidized to SOs, COZ, and I-I20.11 The odor threshold
depth of gas line, and time of exposure. Numerous crevices, of S02 (about 4 ppm) is so much higher than that of a met-
cracks, and voids usually exist,particularly in soil and backfill captan or organic sulfide (about 0.0002 ppm) that the latter
surrounding gas lines. This condition permits leaking gas to odors are relatively insignificant.'0 Activated charcoal will
usually escape with very little restriction or filtration. Leaks retain about 25 per cent of its weight in odorant.before it
from underground lines are regularly being discovered by reaches saturation. From buildings housing odorizing equip.
smell of oclorized gas expelled from the earth."" ment vents, gases can be discharged thru activated charcoal
4 It was concluded from a study"of the resistance of odorants to remove odors.21.
s to soil adsorption that odorant selection should be based on _
general needs without undue emlihasis on resistance to soil
adsorption. Factors evaluated in this laboratory study'of pure
,w soil compounds include space velocity,moisture in the gas and Counteracting Spills of Odorant .
soil, oxygen and fogging oil in the gas, and iron oxide in the Potassium permanganate solution (one teaspoon per gallon
soil. of water) is an effective oxidizer of mereaptan odorants;
Chlorox, Purex, Dreft, Sharples Destenching Compound
Corrosivity of Odorants (70% calcium hypochlorite), or sodium hypochlorite solu-
tions (about 16 parts of water to one part of bleach) may also
Copper and iron readily form sulfides, but they are only be used. However, both types of solutions are ineffective on
slightly reactive with odorants at normal atmospheric tem- tertiary butyl mereaptan in ratios as great as 200 parts of
peratures. A trace of hydrogen sulfide, however, may permit
-� permanganate or hypochlorite per part of odorant. Never use
f reactions at low temperature. Black copper sulfide has been these materials in powder form, since the heat of reaction
found in copper services after a few years' operation by using with the odorant or other organic materials will cause violent.
mereaptan odorant in the presence of traces of hydrogen combustion. About forty quarts of bleach solution are re-
' sulfide. However, at room temperature, common odorants quired per quart of mereaptan.
are not generally corrosive. At elevated temperatures, such Activated charcoal is effective; the average heat of absorp.
as may occur in pilot lines, burner boxes, or combustion tion is 250 Btu released (up to 1000 Btu per lb initially) per
},.. chambers, odorants may attack copper and iron under suit-
lb of odorant absorbed. Cover the spillage with a ss in.layer
r
able conditions. A thin film of copper sulfide forms on copper of charcoal on concrete (1 in.on soil),and allow to remain for
t after many years of service. Aluminum, however, is not af-
.; several hours. Remove charcoal and burn or bury it. Repeat
fected. The degree of corrosion decreases in the following the operation if necessary.
-. order of types of odorants:7 mereaptan; disulfide; thioether; Neutroleum gamma (Fritsche Bros., New York City),
. carbon-sulfur ring. Internally tinned copper tubing, if kept Captan Wafto, and Airkem (_Airkem, Inc., New York City)
well below the melting point of tin (440 F),would be resistant are aerosol sprays of highly effective odor neutralizer. They
An to sulfur attack. Plain copper pilot tubing may be affected by do not react with odorant vapors, but change the odor to a
rw
stoppages caused by flaking oxide.
nonobjectionable type.
klercaptans undergo thermal decomposition to form hydro- Lime, iron oxide, vinegar, and acetic acid have also been
gen sulfide at certain active points on the copper surface with used as counteragents (reduce rather than modify or mask
consequent formation of copper sulfide.At room temperature, odor) for odorants. Masking agents—essential oils with
hydrogen sulfide corrosion will form some copper sulfide even pleasant odors—may be applied in dilute kerosene or water
at concentrations below 0.25 grains per 100 eu ft. At elevated solutions.
temperatures, mercaptans actively attack copper and brass."
Polysulfides, which are corrosive to copper, may be formed
if the gas contains traces of hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and
mercaptans. Removal of one or more of the reactants will Treatment of Empty Barrels
prevent formation of the Polysulfides. Amines work as cata- Residual odorant in barrels may be removed by achling 3
lysts in these reactions and increase the reaction rates. lb of Columbia "G" activated carbon (or its equivalent) to
A study of the effect of sulfur in flue gases on corrosion of each drum. The bung is replaced for three or more days•
gas appliance heating elements :ind flues indicated that the If the odor still persists,additional carbon may be added arnl
corrosion of mild steel for both cyclic and continuous con- further sorption time allowed. The used carbon should
densation is about equal. Under continuous heating at tom- buried or burned. The drum can be used for other purpg'
peratures above the dew point, little or no effect was noted on after treatment.
the corrosiveness of flue gas by the addition of sulfur. Use of potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite."
1
or other bleaches to eliminate odorants has also lx•en n•-
E ported. However, handling these chemicals and disposing c'f
DEODORIZING OR COUNTERACTING ODORANTS the odoriferous reaction products involved is cumk'r-law'•
I Eliminating Odor from Vent Gases Steaming of drums and burning of the vent gases 11111Y 1"
practical where appropriate facilities are available. C. ifirc:a'
Vent gases from odorant storage tanks or run tanks,-dis- tanks large enough to permit truck or tank car sbiln"C""
charged when filling, can be burned with a gas burner or eliminate the barrel disposal problem.
Gas Odorization 9/117
Removal of Odorant from Skin .18. Dormer, G. G. "Installing an Odorizer." Gas 30: 60-6, Sept.
1054.
Use soap and water to remove odorant from the skin. For 19. Natural Gas Odorizing, Inc., Catalog. IIouston, Tex.
20. Peerless 1lanufacturin Co. Catalog. Dallas, Tex.
further treatment, very weak potassium permanganate g 9•
(strawberry soda color) may be used and then washed off. 21. Topaz Inc.Catalog.Houston,Tex.
22 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp. Pennsalt Gas Odorants. Philadel-
«; The aerosol sprays mentioned above are also effective. phis,Pa
When avapor-filled atmosphere must be entered,a suitable 23. Humphrey-Wilkinson Inc. Catalog. North Haven. Conn.
respiratory device should be worn.The Mine Safety Appliance 24. Dugkley, IV. A. "New Gas Odorizer Buildings at Memphis."
' Co. Tank Gauger's Mask (GMC-SS-1 Connector) has been Gas Age 106: 13+. Sept. 14, 1950.
F i 25. Manfred, N. A. "Waste Gas Burner Disposes of Gas Vented
recommended. from Odorizer Tanks."Gas 29:56,June 1953..
26. Tarman, P. B., and others. "Cortiparison of Instrumental
w-{ REFERENCES Methods of Analysis for Odorants and Other Sulfur Com-
pounds in Natural Gas." A.G.A. Operating Sec. Proc. 1961:
- 1. Hilt,L."Chronology of the Natural Gas Industry."Am.Gas CEP-61-17.
' J.172:29-36, May 19a0. 27. White, D. L., and Reichardt, P. E. "Colorimetrie Tests for
- 2. Senatoroff, N. K. "Odorization Practices." (PC-50-20). Determining Mercaptan Odorants in Natural Gas." Gas
:I.G.A. Proc. 1950:684-702. 25:38-0,June 1949.
3. Katz, S. H., and others. Use of Stenches as a Warning in 28. Austin, R. R. "Automatic Recording Titrator and Its Ap-
,;?„ ,1[ines.(Bur.of dines T.P.24.1)Washington, D. C., 1920. plication to the Continuous Measurement of the Concentra-
4. Palmer C. S. Producer Gas Its Manufacture and Use."
" tion of Organic Sulfur Compounds in Gas Streams." A.G.A.
}. Engineers'Soc.of 111'estern Penna. Proc.34:357, 1018-19. Proc. 1049:505-15.
R•; 5. Katz, S. H., and Allison,V.C.Stenches for Detecting Leakage 29. Coryell, R. L. "Gas Odor Test Equipment." A.G.A. Proc.
of Blue Water Gas and Natural Gas.(Bur.of dines T.P.267) 1954: 714-20.
Washington,D. C., 1920. 30. Nevers,A. D. "How Odorants Are Evaluated by Use of New
li. I'ieldner, A. C., and others. Warning Agents for Fuel Gases. Apparatus."ant.Gas J. 182:20-3, Feb. 1955.
(Bur.of Mines Mono.4)ti'ew York, A.G.A., 1931. 31. Gilkinson,R.W."Rochester Gas Develops a Portable,Light-
4.•y 7. Powell, J. S. "Selection of an Odorant for Natural Gas weight, Battery-Operated Odorometer." Gas 36: 67-9, Dec.
Odorization." P.C.G.A. Proc. 41: 134-8, 1950. 1960.
S. Pirone, P. P. "Natural Gas and Odorants Do Not Harm 32. Powell, J. S. "Experiences with Odor and Oclorization of
Shade Trees."Gas age 125:31+, Mar. 17, 1960. Mideontinent Natural Gas."P.C.G.A.Proc.40: 191-4, 1949.
'J. East Ohio Gas Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Unpublished. 33. Joachim,J.L. "Gas Odorization Experiences." A.G.A. Proc.
10. Kendall, I).A.,and McIiinley, R.W.Development of Unique 195E 491-3.Also in Gas.4gc lOS: 19 } ,July 5, 1951.
Odorants for Natural Gas: Final Rept. (Research Proj. PF-7) 34. Johnson, E. E. "New Developments in Odorants." (PC-
New York, A.G.A., 1953. 50-21)A.G.A. Proc. 1950: 703-5.
1 _ _ 11. McClure, J. S. "Odorant Concentration as Compared to 35. Henderson, E. L. "Odorization of Gas." (OS 52-1) A.G.A.-~ Odor Intensity."A.G.A.Operating Sec. Proc. 1960:CEP-60- Proc.1952:29.1-303.
.: ILI 10. 36. Tarman, P. B., and Linden, H.R.Soil Adsorption of Odorant
s 12. McKinley, R. Wd Ltt, A. E. Stud o Cial ,
}� ., an arra ✓ f ommerc Compounds. (Research Bull. 33) Chicago, I.G.T., 1961.
' •-` Odorants for Natural Gas:Final Rept. (Research Proj. PF-7) 37. Kruger, H. 0., and Robinson, AL L. "Corrosion of Copper
New York, A.G.A., 1954. Also 1955 and 1957 Supplements. by Trace Constituents of Natural Gas." P.C.G.A. Proc. 41:
.. '� 13. Van der Pyl, L. '-NI. "Bibliography on Odorization of Gas."
{CEP-59-11) A.G.A. Operating See. Proc. 1959: P109-10; 141-5, 1950.
Suppl., 1961: CEP-61-1. 38. Pray, H. A., and otters. Corrosion of Mild Steel by the Prod-
- 14. Cable, C. R., and others. "Properties of Natural Gas Odor- acts of Combustion of Gaseous fuels.(Proj.DGR-4-CH,Rept.
ants."Am.Gas J.177:12+,Aug. i952. 2)Columbus, Ohio, Battelle Mcmorial Inst., 1949.
15. Miller, S. A., and others. Survey of the Chemistry of Odorant 39. Manfred, N. A. "Factors Involving Design of Odorizer
•-•- Compounds. (Gas Operations Research Proj. PSI-34) New Installations." A.G.A. Proc. 1953: 711-5.
York, A.G.A., 1961. 40. Turk, A. "Odor Control in Gas Odorization." (CEP-55-4)
2:"• 16. Rader A. M. "Odor Conditioning of New Gas Mains." A.G.A.Proc. 1955:822-8.
(CEP-55-7)A.G.A. Proc. 1955:836-9• 41. Olund, S. A. "Odorant Fractionation in By-Pass Absorption
17. Hills-McCanna Co. Catalog. Chicago, Ill. Odorizers," Am.Gas J. 100:36-42, Oct. 1063.
F,
114
Li
i
y
Trac Ji
�v�� f3tncce l�
PRELIMINIARY FOUNDATION 50ILS INVESTIGATION ai
PROPOSED APARTMENT COMPLEX
LESLIE DRIVE - SOUTH OF WARNER AVENUE
r HUNTINGTON BEACH, CALIFORNIA
FOR
W - B ASSOCIATES
1345 SKYLINE DRIVE
LAGUNA BEACH, CALIFORNIA
August 3, 1971 File No. 71 - 4655 H. V. LAjti'MASTFR (W' CO, INC
TESTING &- INSPECTION ENGINEERS
,
St�i1�B� H. V. LAN1AAST'-R, r.:,e.•, t
M
WILUAM T. C(,RUM,
J7 �
JOHN K. FAR' EST. NNes.
B S G=n I.CC,r
.I L ster co., inc.
T E S T I N G A N D IN SPECT ION E N G I N E E R S
(714) 829-9040
August 3, 1971
I
i
7940 MAIN STREET
STANTON. CAL. 90680
W - B Associates
1345 Skyline Drive
Laguna Beach, California
File No. 71 -_ 4655
Gentlemen:
Attached herewith is our report of the Preliminary Foundation Soils Investigation
conducted on the site of the Proposed Apartment Complex, located on the east side of
Leslie Drive, south of Vlarner Avenue, in the City of Huntington Beach, California.
This investigation was planned and carried out in accordance with plans and other
information submitted to this; office and in accordance with (food, accepted engineer-
ing practise.
Evaluation of the site conditions has been made; with regard to the probable grading
of the site and to the structural aspects of the proposed building.
Respectfully Submitted,
H. V. awmaste Co. , Inc.
L L I A
H. Lawmaster VA 1 iam Cb t1 lF
� rum �
R C.E.No.,4.207
6207
a
T~ OF4,A0E�� \
i
PRELININt,RY FOUNDATION-SOILS INVESTIGATION i
PROPOSED APARTMENT COMPLEX
LE`iLIE DRIVE - SOUTH OF WARNER AVENUE
HUNTINGTON BEACH, CALIFORNIA
SCOPE `
i
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the subsurface soil conditions
f
and provide engineering recommendations for grading of the site and for safe, `
economical foundation systems for the proposed structures.
STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS
It is understood that the proposed apartment structures will be one and two stories
in height of wood frame construction, with slab floors on grade, and will be supported
by continuous footings.
tNo load .nn information is available to this office, ho:'iever it has been assumed that
maximum loads on continuous footings will be on the order of 1 to 2 kips perlineal
foot.
SITE CONDITIO`dS
At the time of this investigation, the subject site was being utilized for horse
stables with numerous corrals and pens. There is one existing dwelling in the north
portion of the site which may be serviced by a private sewage disposal system. There
is a considerable amount of organic waste material in the corral areas that will have
to he removed. Vegetation on the site consists of a sparse to medium growth of native
grasses and weeds with several shrubs and trees scattered over the area.
Topographically the site slopes in various directions at variable degrees. The
southeast portion of the site is occupied by a small hill approximately 10 to 20 feet
higher than the north and westportion of the site.
Page 1 H. V. LAWMAS,�,:,1, :. ., & CO.,INC.
Fill material composed of clean sand, clayey sand and sandy clay was encountered
in Borings 1 , 2, 3, and 5 to depths of ,approximately 2 to 6 feet. The upper trio
feet of fill is in a variable state of core action, however, the fill below a depth
of 2 feet appears to be uniformly compacted to an adequate density. The upper two
feet of fill material and the surface 12 to 19 inches of natural soil over the rest
of the site is in a variable state of compaction and is not considered to be adequate
f
for support of foundations, slab floors, or imposed fills in its present condition.
Natural soils encountered below the fill in Borings 1 , 2, 3, and 5, and at thelsur-
face in Boring No. 4 consist of alternating layers of clean sand, Silty sand, sandy
clay, sandy silty clay and clayey sand throughout the depths explored. The materials
correlate fairly well between borings and display uniform density conditions below
the surface fill, ranging from fair to good. Thn moisture content is uniform over
the site, with the soi).s generally showing normal moisturr =ontents throughout.
No ground water was encountered in the test borings, to the depths explored, on the
date of drilling. Ground water conditions will not affect design of foundations or
slab floors, grading of the sits; nor installation of utility lines.
REC011,1ENDATI'QN5
The following recommendations ary Lased on observations made in the field; on the
results of laboratory tests or, sanplTz of th:: materials encountered; and on overall
evaluation of the site conditions.
Grading
On the basis of the conditions des,-rived abcve, a slight to moderate amount of grading
will be required to develo::) th!: site and will consist of cut and fill operations
involving site materials. All gr:3(j.inc nhould be done in accordance with the following
recommendations.
Prior to grading, the site should Le cleer-d of all organic or dele ter ious^eterial.
Clearing operations should include remt.�v3l o' all surface vegetation; removal of the
existing structures to include fouridat:one_ and slats; and removal of organic waste
material. Any septic tanks or cesspof.)s encountered should be excavated to a depth
of five (5) feet, filled with approvf;c: and covered with compacted soil.
Underground metal lines should be re•-miv—,- c-n i any concrete or tile lines should be
removed, or exposed, crushed in place, -3n , co.tered with compacted soil.
F 2 H. V. LAWMASTF CO.,INC.
After clearing, all individual building areas should be over - excavated to a `
minimum depth of two (2) feet below existing grade, with the excavation extending
10 feet outside building lines. The exposed surface should then be scarified 3n
additional 6 to 0 inches, watered, recompacted to at least 905z. relative compaction.
The excavation may then be refilled with compacted soil composed of clean site
material or approved import soil. It is noted that for any building areas which
will be cut below finished grade, the recommended depth of over - excavation may
(
be adjusted in accordance with the planned depth of cut.
i
All fill material should be composed of clean site material or approved import soil
placed in 4 to 6 inch layers, watered to approximate optimum moisture, and compacted
to a minimum relative compaction of 903.
All parking areas and any other areas to receive fill, should be scarified ten (10)
to twelve (12) inches and recompacted to at least 90% relative compaction to provide
a bond between the existing soil and the superimposed fills, and to provide an
adequate subbase for the proposed pavement section.
Determination of relative compaction shall be based on Test Method ASTM D1557 - 70.
All clearing and fill shouli he supervised by the Soils Engineer and certified at
the conclusion of the grading operations.
Foundations
Continuous footings may be utilized to support the proposed structures, under the
following recommendations:
All footings f:hou.ld be e)iLec;ded at least 12 inches below finished grade
! for one story structures3 an! 15 inches below Finished grade for two story
structures.
All footings should rest un: (1 ) natural, undisturbed soils approved by the Soils
Engineer; (2) natural soils recorepa--ted to at .Least relative compaction; or
(3) compacted fill co:npo:;e ! of :.Lean :;i ce materials, or approved import soil.
A safe bearing value of 2000 pounda per s--.care foot may be used for the recommended
hearing soils below cont;_nuous fr.o•.ings placed as above.
FaJ 3 H. V. L.AWMAS"ER & CO., INC.
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Settlement
Uniform settlements under the recommended loads are not expected to exceed one -
half (112) inch. Differential settlements under the foregoing recommendations are
expected to be minor.
i
Exaans?_on
The clayey sands and sandy clays which occur over portions of the site are considered
to be slightly to moderately expansive and this condition may require special :rein-
forcement of footings and slab floors. Since grading operations can materially
alter the expansive characteristics of the soils, it is recommended that the expansive
soil conditions be re-evaluated after grading is completed, with the results of such
re-evaluation, along with appropriate recommendations to be incorporated in the Final
Compaction Report.
Shrinkage and Subsidence
The shrinkage expected to occur in placing the surface 2 feet of materials as compacted
fill is estimated to be on the ord^r of 15; to 205.
The subsidence expected to occur in preparing areas to be filled is estimated to be
on the order of 0.1 to 0.2 foot.
SPECIAL CONDITIONS
Utilitv Line Backfills
The sand materials occurrina over the site will provide a satisfactory backfill for
utility trenches, however the clay materials may be difficult to compact to the
proper density. The sand materials may be jetted into place with supplemental com-
paction by mechanical compactors however the clay is not compatible with jetting
operations and compaction should be obtained by placing in thin lifts and compacting
by means of mechanical compactors.
Pare 4 H. V. LAWMASTE , & CO.,INC.
i
i
The compaction requirements for utility line backfills are as follows:
1 . 90% Compaction or better
a. Under all slab flours
b. 'r+ithin 5 feet of any structure foundation
c. Under sidewalks or other areas of exterior flatwork i
d. Under all areas to be paved,curb and gutter
2. 02N Compaction or better `
a. In all landscaped areas not include in b and c above
Pavement Sections
Pavement sections for alleys, parking, and streets shall be established on the
basis of "R" Value Tests on representative samples of subgrade materials, after
grading operations are complete.
P- nr 5 . H. V. LAWMAST%h & CO.,INC.
APPENDIX
Plate A - - - - - - - - - Plot Plan
Plate D thru F - - - - - Test Boring Loos
Plate G thru N - - - - - Consolidation Tests
i
The following appendix contains the substantiating data for the engineering
recommendations of this rcoort.
Exploration
On July 27, 1971 , five (5) test borings were drilled on the subject project at the
approximate locations; shown on the attached plot plan. The borinns were 20 inches
in diameter and were drilled to depths of 15 to 20 feet by means of a rotary bucket
type drill rig.
Sampling
A representative of this office directed the exploration and determined the location
of both disturbed and undisturbed namples of the materials encountered in the test
borings.
All samples were scaled when taken to prevent loss of moisture while in transitito
the laboratory.
Testing
All samples were visually classified and a testing program was established to provide
data for the engineering recommendations. Tests performed include: Field [Ioisture
and Field Density Determinations; Maximum Density - Optimum Moisture Relationships;
Field Density Tests of Surface Soils; Consolidation Tests; and Direct Shear Tests.
TEST RESULTS
Field Moisture and Density
Determination of field moisture and field density conditions in subsurface soils are
incorporated in the Test Boring Logs attached hereto.
Maximum Density D timum Moisture Relationships
Compaction Standard: Test Method ASTM D1557 - 70
Pane 6 H. V. 1.AWMASTF R & CO., INC.
Soil Classification _Iaximum Density "PCF Optimum Moisture '%
1 . Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand 123.8 12.5
2. Dark Brown Sandy Clay 125.0 13.5
Field Density Tests - Surface Soils
APPARENT
V!et Density `,,, Field Dry Density Depth RELATIVE
Test No. Location PCF Hbisture PCF of Test COMPACTION
1 TH - 3 105.0 9.3 96.1 12" 77.6 .1
2 TH - 4 111 .2 9.9 101 .2 It ^u1 .71
3 TH - 5 120.4 12.4 107.1 a5.7
Consolidation Tests
Results of the Consolidation Tests are presented graphically as Plates G thru N
of this report.
Direct Shear Tests
Sample \ncle Cohesion PSF Dry Density PCF
TH - 1 " 2.0' _ 60 92.3
TH - 1 C 5.0' ?5 ' -0- 99.3
TH - 3 2.0' 0 90.4
TH - 4 2.0' 7 -L- 117.3
TH - 4 '` 5.0' 3 ! -G- 102.7
TH - 5 5.0' 3,'." -0- 114.6
Page 7 H. V. LAWMAS F-P & Co.,INC.
i H -5
NORTH
Or;1iVr3,�R AV�j -.
H-3 TN
i
TH -2 --
T fI
j
SCALE: r� �DJ ' SHEET f 7 �'/ / FILE No. =j-
DATE: 7 / ( of ! PROJECT .
:f' 1
{
TEST BORING LOG
TH — 1 Soil Classification Moisture Dry Density PC F U.S.C. .
0.0 Dk.Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand 11 .7
(Fill)
2.0 �,(, Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand 7.0 92.3
3.0 Brown Silty Very Fine Sand (Nat. ) 25.8 ; ML
1
i
5.0 Same 22.7 99.3
6.0 Same 25.0
8.0 Same 23.2
10.0 Brown Clayey Very Fine to Fine Send 22.7 108.3 ML
11 .0 Brown Sandy Silty Clay 20.5 CL
13.0 Same 22.0
15.0 Grey Sandy Silty Clay 22.0 CL
16.0
VERTICAL SCALE: 1 " =,4 '
U.S.C. — Unified Soil Classification
Denotes Undisturbed Core
PLATE "B
H. V. LAWMAS._.. & M., INC.
TEST BORING LOG
TH - 2 Soil Classification % Moisture Dry Density PCF U.S.C.
0.0 Black Very Fine to Medium Sand 36.1
(Fill)
2.0 Brown Clayey Very Fine to Medium 13.0 109.4 SC
Sand (Nat. )
4.0 ® Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand 7.0 SP
102.3 !
I
6.0 Brown Fine to Coarse Sand 4.2 SP
s
8.0 Light Brown Fine to Coarse Sand 3.6 SP
O
10.0 ® Same 3.1 100.4
11 .0 ® Same 4.2
•
13.0 Same 3.6
15.0 Brown Silty Very Fine Sand 20.5 ML
16.0 Same 25.8
18.0 Brown Very Fine Sand 20.5 ML
19.0 Brown Silty Very Fine Sand 23.4 ML
20.0 W/Trace of Clay
PLATE = '
H. V. LAWMAST` 'Cl, CO.,INC.
TEST BORING LOG
TH - 3 Soil Classification % Moisture Dry Density P F U.S.C.
0.0 Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand (Fill) 81.7
2 0 `� Reddish Brown Sand Clay 12.4 98.4
_ l Y Y
3.0 . . . Black Clayey Very Fine to Fine Sand 14.3
AL
5.0 �/I
y U. Dark Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand 13.6 120.6
i
6.0 Brown Clayey Very Fine to Fine Sand 9.3 ML
8.0 Brown Sandy Clay 14.9 CL
10.0 Same 13.0 117.3
12.0 Same 12.4
14.0 Brown Clayey Very Fine to Medium 12.4 SC
15.0 ® o Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand Sand 9.9 SP
16.0
PLAT- "D"
H. V. I.AWMASTF' -% & CO.,INC.
TEST BORING LOG
TH - 4 Soil Classification % Moisture Dry Density PC-_ U.S.C.
0.0 Organic lWaste Material
0.6 Black Very Fine to Medium Sand 10.5 SP
0
2.0 ! Brown Very Fine to Coarse Sand 9.3 117 .3 SP
I
4.0 ® Same 5.3
® 102.7
6.0 Light Brown Very Fine to Coarse Sand 3.6 SP
8.0 ® Same 3.6
10.0 �� Reddish Brown Very Fine to Coarse Sand 2.6 SP
11 .0 ® Brown Sandy Silty Clay 19.1 CL
12.0 Brown Silty Very Fine to Fine Sand 17.0 ML
13.5 ® Reddish Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand 5.3 SP
15.0
PLATE "E"
H. V. LAWMASTI & CO.,INC.
TEST BORING LOG
TH — 5 Soil Classification % -Moisture Dry Density P--F U.S.C.
0.0 Dark Brown Sandy Clay (Fill) 12.4
2.0 1v ' Brown Sandy Clay 14.3 120.7
3.0 � Reddish Drown Sandy Silty Clay (Nat. ) 17.7 CL
I
5.0 Brown Sandy Silty Clay 13.6 114.6 CL
i
7.0 Brown Very Fine to Fine Sand 8.1 ML
8.0 Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand 3.1 SP
10.0 0 Same 2.0 98.5
A �
12.0 Same 2.0
14.0 Light Brown Very Fine to Medium Sand 2.0 SP
16.0 Same 2.6
9
18.0 Same 2.0
• 0
O
20.0 o
PLATE "F"
H. V. LAWMASTi.'R CO.,INC.
CONSOLIDATION TEST
—� TEST SAMPLE DATA
' Test Boring -------"-------------no. 1
Depth ---------------------------2.0 Ft.
Soil Type ------••--------------
Sand
v
m Field Dry Density ------------ 92.3 PCF
�v
n — Field Moisture ---------------7.0 %
Z Saturated Moisture -.
� 20.4 %
File No. 71 71 - 4655
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UNIT LOAD . . . . POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT
CONSOLIDATION TEST
TEST SAMPLE DATA
Test Boring ---------------------P!o. 1
Depth 5.0 Ft.
Soil Type Silty Sand
m Field Dry Density ------------ 901.3 PCF
M
n1 Field PJtoisture ---------------" 22.7
m
Z Saturated Moisture ---------- 27.1
File No. 71 - 4655
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CONSOLIDATION TEST
TEST SAMPLE DATA
Test Boring ...................... No. 2
3 Depth --------------------- -------2.0. Ft.
Soil .Type __Clayey Sand
mField Dry Density ------------ 109.4 PCF
;a
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m
Z Saturated Moisture ---------- 20.4 %
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UNIT LOAD . . . . POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT
CONSOLIDATION TEST
TEST SAMPLE DATA
Test Boring No. 3
---------------------
0 Depth ----------------------------- 2.0 Ft.
JWater
Added Soil Type ------------Sandy-.Clay
m ' Field Dry Density 99.4 PCF
;o
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2 Field Moisture ---------------12.4
m
Z ! Saturated Moisture .......... 21 .3 n
File No. 71 - 4655
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UNIT LOAD . . . . POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT
CONSOLIDATION TEST
TEST SAMPLE DATA
Test Boring ---------------------No. 4
Depth -----------------------------2.0 Ft.
Soil Type ----------------------- Sand
M
m Field Dry Density -----------117.3 P0F
70
n Field Moisture ---------------- 9.3
m
Z Saturated Moisture .......... 15.0 d
-r -
File No. 71 - 4655
m [1
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Z
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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
L
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UNIT LOAD . . . . POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT
CONSOLIDATION TEST
TEST SAMPLE DATA
Test Boring - 4
Depth --------------------- ------- 5.0 Ft.
Soil Type --------------------
• - Sand
mField Dry Density ............ 102.7 FCF�
m
- Field Moisture ...............5.3
m ( I
? I I Saturated Moisture ---------- 19.2 %
# I I
File No. 71 — 4655
v
m n +
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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
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UNIT LOAD . . . . POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT
CONSOLIDATION TEST
TEST SAMPLE DATA
Test Boring No. 5
Depth ----------------------------2.0 Ft.
Soil T Sandy Clay
mField Dry Density ---------.-120.7 PCF
M
n Field Moisture ...............14.3
m
z Saturated Moisture ---------- 16.9
o File No. 71 - 4655
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m n
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= O
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0 500 1000 1500 — 2000 2500 3000 -- -- 3500-- 4000
Z
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UNIT LOAD . . . . POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT
ti
CONSOLIDATION TEST
TEST SAMPLE DATA
Test Boring ---------------------No. 5
Depth ----------------------------- 5.0 Ft.
Soil Type Sandy Silty Clay
. . ---- ------
mField Dry Density ----------.1 1 c .6 PCF
�v
n Field Moisture 13.6 5;
m
Z Saturated Moisture ---------21 ..'_
File No. 71 - 4655
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UNIT LOAD . . . . POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT
t GMILTS S•E-a.. C9xt G I•d qc G2evDrt e'
BOLSA CHICA MESA WATER QUALITY STUDY
fy.At A. INTRODUCTION
On November 6, 1973, .the Orange County Water District requested
that James M. Montgomery prepare a brief water quality study of
ground water problems in the Bolsa Chica Mesa area of Huntington
Beach, OCWD Task Order No. 6- 1140-47-74 (JMM Job No. 116. 11).
These studies were undertaken in part because of the marked changes
in mineralization at well 5S/11W-20K3 (Mrs. J. Campbell, 16632
South Delores, Huntington Beach, California).
Work on the task was to include the collection of available background
material including lithologic logs, water level and water quality data
in the Bolsa Chica Mesa area. Specific task activities are outlined
( as follows:
Review existing reports.
Review historic water levels and water quality variations in
the principal or pertinent aquifer zones.
Evaluate source or sources_ of water quality impairment.
Present findings in a brief letter report to include the definition of
1 water quality problems, findings and conclusions relative to the
Tu� source of impairment, an outline of possible solutions or remedies,
1 I and recommendations for further investigations, testing and/or
nit rn mo i o g.
•� i
I -
t
f CONDUCT OF THE STUDY
f In order to develop an understanding of past and present ground water
quality features in Bolsa Chica area, basic hydrologic data was collected
' from the District's files and from the California Department of Water
Resources and Orange County Flood Control District. Geologic sections
F • or profiles were drawn of the multi-layered aquifer system and hydrographs
of water surface elevations in several of the principal aquifer zones.
3 Ground water analyses for five aquifers were reviewed and selected
wells were resampled and waters analyzed. The history of waste
disposal at the Bolsa Chica (Boucher) dump was reviewed and records
of taste and odor problems in adj ace nt'water.wells were studied.
Results of these studies are described in this report, and are depicted on
the attached Figure 1 and on Plates 1 and 2.
As denoted later in this report, subsurface hydrologic and water quality
i
conditions in the Bolsa Chica Mesa area are complicated by the geologic
structure, and by the existence of numerous separate and individual
aquifer zones. These include from the surface downward the Semiperched,
Alpha, Beta, Lambda, Meadowlark, Main and "Lower Zone" aquifers (Plate 2).
For convenience in evaluating present and future ground water quality
problems, wells of major interest .in the area have been classified relative
to producing zone. These wells are listed in Table 1.
HISTORY OF WATER QUALITY DETERIORATION
The period from about 1937 to 1945 was a time of above-normal precipitation
on the Orange County coastal plain. Water levels in the Bolsa Chica area
were generally above sea level due to increased recharge in the coastal
VJ plain forebay area. After 1945, pie-zometric levels began to decline as
a result of an extended period of predominantly subnormal rainfall. Ground
water levels were lowered to elevations below sea "level and remained
generally below sea level from the early 1950's until 1964.
-2-
f �
In early 1949, sea water intrusion was noted beneath Bolsa Chica Mesa
in the Alpha and Beta aquifers (Well 5S/ 11W-29C4. Saline waters had
moved inland across the Newport-Inglewood fault zone under the reversed
hydraulic gradient (see Plate 1). By 1955, saline intrusion had moved
3 inland about 2, 400 feet (5/11-20M) in the Alpha aquifer, and pressure
i
levels in the Alpha had declined r locally to .35 feet below sea level. As a
result, intrusion increased rapidly across the Newport-Inglewood fault in
the Alpha and Beta aquifers. However, the Bolsa-Fairview fault limited
? the saline advance once the intrusion front had reached that fault. Fortunately,
the underlying Main aquifer was not found anywhere to be intruded and
maintained chloride ion concentration of less-than 25 mg/l, even at its
7"'
seaward-most extent near the Newport-Inglewood fault. After about 1964,
rising ground water levels associated with increased forebay recharge
resulted in the seaward retreat of the intrusion front and local wells in the
Alpha aquifer .experienced a decline in chloride ion concentration.
However, as shown on Figure 1, ground water levels in the Alpha aquifer
on Bolsa Chica Mesa again began a general decline in late. 19'69 and 1970.
}
Taste and odor problems associated with the disposal of liquid wastes on
7 1 J'
Bolsa Chica Mesa have been observed to cause significant local ground
quality
water problems. Based upon files contained in the Orange Count
r q YP P g Y
Water Pollution Department and the California Department of Water Resources.,
waste liquids were discharged at a number of sites on Bolsa Chica Mesa
7!
during the development of coastal oil fields along the Newport-Inglewood
i
structural zone.
!,
Perhaps the most conspicuous and well-documented disposal site is
i
the so-called Bolsa Chica Dump, located in a canyon about 1, 000 feet
f
southeast of Warner Avenue and Bolsa Chica Road. The area is now
,
designated as the "Bouche-r Dump" on Plate 1. The dump was originally
7j -3-
I
I
a northeasterly trending canyon in the mesa which had formed from erosion
and ancient spring-flow. Prior to 1950 the old canyon was enlarged as a
gravel pit, while simultaneously being used as _a site for the discharge of
refinery waste, acid sludge and other oil and chemical wastes. The presence
of these substances in subsurface sediments around the dump was verified
by Blakeley in 1950. Nine test holes were drilled at that time and more
than 200 samples of soil and water were collected and analyzed. From those
samples, local sediments and ground waters were found to be significantly
degraded in terms of total dissolved solids sulfates color and odor. Odors
g ,
from samples were described as "earthy", "gasoline range hydrocarbon"
and "foul chemical". These odors within the sediments extended to about
40 feet below ground surface.
In 1953, Steverson Bros. Inc.. was granted a permit to discharge fresh,
clay-base rotary drilling mud in the same disposal site. However, in
1955, samples of waste liquid in the disposal pond exhibited total dissolved
solids of 4, 099 mg/l,, a pronounced sodium sulfate character and strong petro-
leum odors. The same year, a water well west of the old dump beganto produce
ground waters with a gaseous ("gassy") odor and petroleum or garlic taste
1 (5/11-28D4). Increasing numbers of shallow domestic water wells to the north
^J and west also pumped ground waters with gaseous, petroleum or garlic odors
between 1955 and 1965. Discharged waste liquids had apparently reached the
zone of saturation and had moved northward under a landward hydraulic gradient.
In 1961, odor constituents in Well 28D4were identified in laboratory analyses
(Terminal - DWR) as 0. 6 mg/l Mercaptan Sulfur, and acetylene. Ultimately,
1 waters from more than 12 shallow wells near the dump were to exhibit similar
I
'1L. E. Blakeley, "Progress Report on Bolsa Chica Dump", December 4,
1950 (Orange County Water Pollution files).
r-�
-4-
taste and odor problems. These wells are listed on Table 2; their location
and the extent of the odor problem is shown on Plate 1.
In 1963 the Bolsa Chica Dump was reclassified to receive only inert
solid.waste materials (Class III), such as earth, rock, glass, concrete
etc. The last report on the occurrence of gaseous, garlic odors in ground
water was made in 1965. In shallow wells such as 28D4, quality improvements
seem to have resulted from the re-establishment of a seaward hydraulic
gradient in the late 1960's (Figure 1). In man other wells, data is not
g ( g Y
available because periodic sampling and well monitoring were almost
completely discontinued in the late 1960's.
The results of past disposal of brine to the ground surface has also been
observed near Warner Avenue and the Newport-Inglewood fault (south branch),
and near the intersection of Warner Avenue and Algonquin Road. Discharged
liquids were of high salinity (+30, 000 mg/l, TDS) and locally exhibited a
petroleum-like odor. It is considered likely that numerous other oil brine
discharges were made periodically to the Bolsa Chica Mesa surface during
the development of the Sunset Beach Oil Field.
It should be noted that natural sulfur tastes and odors, and amber color
have long been associated with deeper waters from the lower Pleistocene
sediments (Main and Silverado aquifer zones). These conditions have
occurred in deep wells along the Newport Inglewood uplift from Costa Mesa
to Long Beach and are considered to be native to those aquifer zones.
As shown on Plate 1, numerous wells on the mesa have been abandoned or
destroyed; in part because of quality problems including taste, odor and
salinity. It is estimated that within Sections 20 and 29 alone, more than
-5-
50 shallow water wells were abandoned between 1950 and 1973.. The
availability of imported supplies and the current rapid change in land use
from agricultural and suburban to urban multi-unit type developments
will probably result in the ultimate destruction of most of the remaining
S shallow domestic wells (unless some of these wells are preserved for monitor-
ing purposes).
CURRENT CONDITIONS
• i
In the Bolsa Chica area, ground waters within the shallow Semiperched aquifer
are locally in hydraulic continuity with saline bay and harbor waters, and have
f exhibited a general increase in chloride ion concentration landward of
the Newport-Inglewood fault zone since 1965. This trend is most
t �
pronounced at 20E4 (HH-2C) where concentrations have increased
a from 400 mg/l in 1965 to 11, 663 mg/1 in 1973. Smaller increases
have also occurred in Well 20M5 (BSO-6D), 20N3 (HH-4C), 29C7 (HH-5C)
and 29C8 (HH-5D). Slight improvements in quality occurred at 20M8 and 20N4.
These changes in the Semiperched zones have little effect upon the underlying
Alpha aquifer because these two aquifers do not appear to be hydraulically
connected locally.
In the Alpha aquifer between the Newport-Inglewood and Bolsa-Fairview faults,
y
quality trends have been mixed, showing both increase and decline of chloride
ion concentrations between 1965 and 1973. However, just seaward of the Bolsa-
;# Fairview fault, waters from several wells have risen markedly in salinity since
1965. Well 20Q5 and 20Q11 have increased from 3, 872 to 7, 196, and 65 to
f 298 mg/l, respectively. An adjacent well, 20Q3 which produces from the
same aquifer just inland of the fault, remained about constant from 1965
5. to 1973 (241 to 267 mg/l chlorine ion). To the northwest, also just inland
i
f +. of the fault, water from Well 20Q6 has increased from 65 to 290 mg/l in
chloride ion concentration. Test wells within the Alpha aquifer adjacent to
-6-
Huntington Harbour (inland of the Bolsa-Fairview fault) have exhibited
increases in chloride ion concentration from 15 to 78 mg/l (20E6)
and 40 to 202 (20E5).
Records of ground water analyses at the Campbell well (20K3) are available
for the year 1961(1), 1964(2) and 1973(4). Analyses in 1961 .and 1964 indicate
that the waters in the Alpha aquifer at that location were of excellent mineral
quality with total dissolved solids below 300 mg/l, chlorides of 13 to 16 mg/1
and nitrate concentrations of less than 1 mg/l. However, in June 1973,
chlorides and nitrates had increased to 489 mg/l and 13. 5 mg/l, respectively.
Subsequent analyses in August, November and.December, 1973, showed
1� progressively increasing chloride values of 720, 850 and 929 mg/l. Nitrates
/l reached a high of 37. 4 m /l in November and declined somewhat to 27 m .
� g g g
t, in December, 1973. Tastes and odors were also associated with the decline
wa
ter ater quality from this well during the summer of 1973 but had dissappeared
9
j by late in the year. In November, 1973 analyses showed a total absence of
mercaptans (0. 00).
,i Wells adjacent to the Campbell well (201<8 and 20K9) in the Alpha aquifer
also have produced native, good quality ground water. Well 20K8 located
about 300 feet south of the Campbell well was sampled in 1961, 1962 and
` 1963, and again in July and November of 1973. It has maintained low salinity,
calcium-sodium bicarbonate character and low chloride and nitrate concentra-
tions (12 and 1�0. 22 mg/l, respectively). Well 201<9, about 350 feet south-
west of the Campbell well, on the bases of eight samples, maintained a
similar excellent quality water from 1961 to 1970 with total dissolved solids,
chloride and nitrate concentrations averaging 245, 15 and less than 1 mg/l,
respectively. The well is not now active, but should be resampled in early
1974 if the pump and pressure system are repaired.
-7-
(YY .
In 195.4 a small domestic well tapping the Semiperched zone (65 feet in
depth) was drilled at a location about 200 feet west of the Campbell well.
. � The shallow well was sampled five times between 1961 and 1964. During
that period, analyses show the Semiperched zone waters to be significantly
C,
�. more mineralized than the underlying Alpha aquifer with total dissolved
f 1 A solids ranging from 1, 400 to 2, 284 mg/l, chlorine ion content from 455
to 714 mg/1 and nitrate concentrations from 7. 4 to 30 mg/l.
An increase in nitrate concentration is generally not associated with marked
Jincreased in chloride ion concentration in ground waters degraded by sea
water intrusion. For example, wells 20M2, 20M6, 20N1, 29C5 and 29C6
have all yielded ground waters from the Alpha aquifer with chloride
r
concentrations exceeding 10, 000 mg/l, but all exhibit nitrates of less than
0. 22 mg/l. Similarly, analyses of the saline waters from the ocean and
from the tidal sloughs in the Bolsa-Sunset area Table 3 exhibit essential)
� g ( ) Y
no dissolved nitrate. Nitrate concentrations exceeding 10 mg/1 appear to be
associated solely with surface and shallow Semiperched waters, such as the
former Huntington Harbour spring designated 20ES-2, and wells 101311,
20K2, 20M8, 20N4 and 29C8.
CONCLUSIONS
Based upon the evaluation of basic water quality data described in this
t letter report, the following general conclusions have been made:
A
1. With the decreasing values of the ground water "recharge to
extraction" ratio in the coastal plain since 1970, a landward hydraulic
j gradient has been locally reestablished in the Alpha aquifer. As a
result, the potential for sea water intrusion again exists in the Bolsa
Chica area.
- _8_
E_w
1
i
2. Salt water intrusion is occurring in the Semiperched aquifer as
measured at five test piezometers along the eastern margin of
Huntington Harbour. This situation was anticipated at the time of the
marine excavation and was considered to pose no real threat to the
underlying fresh waters in the Alpha aquifer.
3. Current (1973) mineral quality data from the Alpha aquifer indicate
�- that inland of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone, sea water intrusion
is occurring in the aquifer. This intrusion appears to be moving
horizontally inland and not originating from downward percola-
tion of overlying saline waters.
4. Chloride ion concentration increases at Alpha aquifer wells 20E5,
20EC and 20Q6 suggest that ground waters exceeding 500 mg/l chloride
ion have moved inland across the Bolsa Fairview fault as depicted
on Plate 1.
5. Nitrate concentrations in excess of 1 mg/l, and general odor problems
are not associated with the invasion of saline ocean or bay waters. Nitrate
concentrations exceeding 10 mg/l in the Semiperched zone have probably
originated from the downward percolation of surface waters.
i. 6. Considering the present maintenance of excellent mineral quality in
1 ground water at well 20K8, progressive degradation at the Campbell
well (20K3) is concluded to be the result of downward percolation of
waters from the overlying Semiperched aquifer. This migration of
ground water high in chloride and nitrate has probably occurred either
at an improperly abandoned oil or water well, or along the casing of the
Campbell well itself. Absolute assurance of this interpretation is
W.". precluded, however, because of an absence of monitoring wells seaward
of the problem area.
({r
tk. '
1�
7. Taste and odor problems noted at the Campbell well do not appear
f
to be associated with past liquid waste disposal practices at the Bolsa
Chita or Boucher Dump, based. upon review of current ground water
analyses.
Ll
8. While the Campbell well impairment appears to be a local problem,
3 other nearby wells in the Alpha aquifer could be affected; these specific
r
problems would be identified and differentiated from direct sea water
intrusion by marked increased in nitrate concentration.
9. If future ground water basin operations in the Orange County Coastal
Plain are such that water levels at elevations below sea level are
sustained in the Alpha and Beta aquifers, remaining shallow wells just
inland from the Bolsa-Fairview fault will ultimately exhibit local
---JJJ increases in total mineral concentration from sea water intrusion
and/or local taste and odor problems.
r
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based upon the material described in this letter report, the following
recommendations are made:
1. If local water supply conditions on Bolsa Chica Mesa require it,
k
shallow well supplies would be replaced by a few wells constructed
in the Main aquifer (500 feet deep), an underlying zone which is not now
subject to sea water intrusion.
;J
2. In consideration of the probability of increased ground water quality
problems in the Bolsa Chica area in the future, a periodic well monitoring
program should be initiated immediately. The wells shown in Appendix A
should be sampled at least once each six months.
- 10-
3. Because of the absence of sampling points along portions of the
potential intrusion front, additional piezometer nets should be
constructed to tap the Semiperched, Alpha and Beta aquifers. A test
A site for the initial piezometer net should be located just inland from
the Bolsa-Fairview fault about midway between wells 20K3 (Campbell)
and 20M2 (BSO-6).
. 4. With the present rapid changes in land use and resultant destruction
of shallow wells, it would be desirable to save and maintain if possible,
a number of wells with long periods of record for continued monitoring
of ground water quality. Selected wells for this purpose are shown in
, .;. Appendix A.
. 4s 5. Improper abandonment and destruction of shallow water wells in the
`J
Bolsa Chica area can pose hazards to fresh water bearing zones by
allowing degraded overlying Semiperched waters to move directly
4. downward to lower fresh water zones. To minimize this potential
for impairment, local agencies should be encouraged to specify and
enforce complete inter-zonal sealing of shallow wells before they are
improperly abandoned or otherwise destroyed.
Li
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VOLUME 11,NUMBER 6 $EPtTEMBER 76
Chamber Corputeriged
Center Ope' nsa;-1;e,. st
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the Anaheim Chamber of Commerce; M to�:'INBI1a►,�Bank'ot; .
°' .America,.Vice t?residint/Ma`neper, Anahaliri;'Main Q�tics'and
VFee President of titre Anaheim Chamber of Comp-Jna�i .,,
Ward Anaheim Copy Center and Chairman of t1M'E.cotwmip� '"4 IP(C55:U1Lii`St� "
�'i�t W,�h� �d � t �•.
t)evelopment Coriimlttae for tho;":Anahela�i LChambw"q!^' � ��: �f��,��re try
t Commerce:.. �fti7 j Pu Q
After five months of plan ning and considerable effort o¢ .ch w "`�
i the W part of Jack ard(AnnWin Copy Center);Dark b Fa(Cortt;+from
i � ;� �^sine r'andaaolutiona to
(Northrup Corp;,`ElectromechanfcalIhv) .and.',, touteide,'of,thear tiro-.
(Anaheim Chamber of Commerce) ,:the Chamber' e¢ 3 { ,
da nil)fields,The mputersn
Directors voted on August 19 to establish a pilot coa►puf �dj k
informatiori" center within the •Chamber,'s� officed:"zrllae ' qa 4be ased?ftowoompare
Anaheim Chamber of Commerce will be the first intire"ne{Lioa problemsfandsolutaons'with
to make tibia unique resource available to ate membership and r outregard
z
the surrounding business and governaneatal eommunxty sk andushy Thaw' �alatchea
i The heart of tire,informs- er rev_resent aagn$cantrbusmess..
business managers and ego• ;�,
i don center is computerized vernmental -,personnelRm .�
collection of 25 million do 4- using, the .latest 'and moat` "� Sdentasta.Doc-'
meats representing,a major effective' techniques n oLh pro byaouele can benemapy
cross"section of the morid's "their operations A?� m 1'<
published.information. •A formation would include the gr from Chas ser" It:can be`
new) installed computer ter mtvaluable in maintaining .
Y p Latest techniques and;mate technical competence end m
minal is,used to;scan,these risk":for painting white Imes }+�
documents to find.very sped-
on`ekeets°and newt acts';r s19ohrmg epectfic probleis"as;
fic items, pertinent to a Pry they gccnr ,Retailers; can
pe such as a machine fort bagging 7ezpect{t_find the latest tech '
particular individual a needs. oranges, orF e.license to maA,
Iacludetl an this compn mafacttare'gr8phite`oliafta'for nigaies m smerchandaeang and:.'
ter,zed collection. of docu- goR
�•;' bohatioas to problems such as,
meats are 16 000. monthly Uahke�tradtaonal informs`Y � °r b t check pass-
trade publications,. the "full tion centers which*rdispanse �� h
published output of 270 Fede- free information andFthua are°}ti�"' a frill desrnp- ;
Hj
ral agencies 80:newspapers limbed in resources padicap-��4aon of�the r� requue f
the National Libraries ,.of #
ab0ities, the.,Chaae6 s m.`
Co. ess,'Medacane; re cats%Th beat thing to do
foraiagon center is•offerYng a;
ture, and nungerous.private feasaonal aer` r amatavother��Ghamber for a;
information collections. Newt �4 ty'Pm F �' eQecafiv descriptiam of those.
vacs at moderate coil+�vhaeh_; {< a' vvafch should bet'
documents are be*added at ,.;draatscaQy"help"{,bot$� usefut{for your parWvular ac '
the"rate'of 2 000 documents business and gov
each.honr. Access to tamely and sex `" taiyitaea. wc '.
The Federal "imatfon information s t4e { If you are .rbady tfor the
collection. of 900'000 docu noon revolntmn you
of any successful e�ndea
meats.is eztremei mteres y < to take advantage of
9 and:with 2 million wntem�;
because at contains-the ` sae;rvace now, Either be .;
8 the world,todaY.t+►ae�ra n the CHambeir ivath a'•
research"results:,of:more,than almost any queat5agyrouc � t�orb atbendang one
260 billion dollars invested:by think of have been" t+ , f q m a s
the vernmenL in.the 12 ` t rregul$r,ptesentetaons
8o Pam. Aside from nor»sxt nac-
y � u a, avnll deaenbe rthe
years lnclnded are. motion needs,then rr ,
Purr and the unique
developed b9 the gOVerIImant CBa+ea9i�VsSEd$ ��AfII�Eaa'•`L m #A n r a
which are available for livens- op �9,g� ado ,, is v►lsach'tlilsseavicevan
" ro for goer acts, tie9 For,f
in sad technacal<doaamenta dustrieii t>iair
to aaaiat.eaganeere„eeaentiate, x oommwaa;` hatanfsrmataon, contact
jcr�.e P.aACi4rOti or►.P4'`i?Is 'y r'� ., �'� Y
�bhe.
.....-»s„ •,._. rn:•r-.1• i�y -.-.....,t ...+,..,�-.at.. ,-r•�$t � �,•as' r---.---.-:..a—. �"apr-�a�x ;y}w c;{;.Rr^� n-r- -=c,.-,.,s .._-
,
u ..
_ 4 4c�a w .''„ ,!Y•!'Y+.z-�`i �{*{v'..nL,..',x.+• rwv . 2. qu`,�..L4'•Y E•,.5 srdSirza i.ar"d..lwt .'a1 y'r°
,san yrr r ..v1r '2 t
3�n a J yy��{{``,,
� a
• s. +rd b ',w .r r: n g v„fy r » > f' r a 4fra� ,{ta-r'r -
t ��f sV err v i a x w, r 4 �+ a t r,•w (a c s3} 4t x eu pt
a� i ? "5 � rx P{ 4r v° saa2+fir+* Gt�# }sN 5° .�& a' 4 Y vvfa xa
�y�'f�# ''Syr Jtt��' , r"� v S r r }' :xe ,;Fq a �n'�Y,�i"
�kf i. t x+ � aF; taR�-�1Cp si 1y'•
s� h"• y �"' •' h�i"'li,.,, rf 1�7`k{ ,�1 a/�F t" 'fz'{ gt'�iS 7 M1kPa p�ljy4 f.�'?r....
}CSC . ( 'a7 ,''1
k� �- vw Atii �? 3" 1 �•
_ � i' �!'.`inl,��r °�„�`;s '* 4K{` ai1�• r 5��t� �
�! w BFar1 E�Jk
f r y F kria s
',yf t ' {,y �+�,yv� } A '. 'F4 � .
'Ui. , .�w�k'. .' 6' �tP '. t>z.. -
NP vrk� �� y�
;'a: a»' 3`�T„� ,.i � l, i ss ? &. r {�'�°s ''$4't,.."�; • ..
s ��k ygta 1axr.8 psS s} "ry r��} t Tor �& � 'U >ft / I �",,,�•b � t.6 y 3 k,
r'
t't`ONE� ryetJ�{Qid �it 1 tt$nG topk'sample o£te
; jr�'i.sk2T,T�r�.4 3« i�' k ..."c v c%;� +fl !a. n -
,s nandseMIAii to°the poliee�.et�li�le
Y9 d ednesday t�;h@ noxtgti 'fus #� ?f. x k r a r:r Y
sA�� r�a�r s �a�2ta�Wyk �w� �D3��1a1�k�} � � t11e� to 8 pTH�tatE'
EFOffi$n E'X`'AA'fftd�yyl1 Sl�a $ S�adrr k fa>u♦m t n t I }Z
S1r,t .S': . °r. Y,�T•tt•�,.:�`k?;},�„:�'n°sP.€.•�.'�is,�,f••.<•3 a�.. "'ri y.*Y`S�t` ',� ItrAMx.aWX1n,ff'ty,x`1� y •,.uric",Y'i r t y
y"Mi - b�+ l rhood ham= h��,j y tesC unty Hfe�,k epartment also eg n
r r vt' Ps av41ti n t a;
at�rtigating2At�t �o s,request,the-d$vel� .
� ct77yy� Fak gu �ii a Mesa.dugout arl
3 's 4''4s
"`t`z. t r ,ti7fi r d ;�1�, tit#t 4� '}�i° �, T .a{ � tel�lal andlld lt�
e,ea A LAUtTe a r i 1
la�d8 y
h� tup,theg�rled +e hole with so�}.r^
added bu ngh,�
11 ,s,•��SCSP"�,.�n�t ns tm^M"f>'�„�r"i-asr (r'�`f`i R_ a�t v, �� " � aSt� ;# in. P
sb 't: °fu�trteCrllizettretf�aa�t °� � �mlxfl net §bveetsell�Wasbad
-n ' 'k 1 1 a�� r •?.r'.c v.w a.+aP c^s-
K >.,v r > r f �� � , `X i.°, ga+Z 11 eodorant sgorl dissipated
_ L�yf71p ,�rdlti� } >r•��`` if z {+c('«z..,, 1 °
i 1 5.' •�{a['y U�' {F.: f `•'R »Jd . a ^. .�� , ? r.. .}'{+r r x '+`#td'1� ex rtt i�'i^tvz
J 'n n 4 k �` aV 'T •a.nr { h'
lac rs } Iota tere,tliis morning and ak dxdn'L .
aI1' si Mach elanbo ti t3itV,
N"'�?L,• 1'�+. )1y s X+' rz.'�£ H.M1 "'.s �t �� '4 4 y q.c Y, T.
siiil s� l$�S•• o�"A++::4 ai�a�Y.xia`Fl,Tvx�hGe sa!`k.�`�:�i i'`�� �c'�u eset
5 t}nd'r l ht on the sit you`'
of omon,�but that s al}A �� ; •
�, +,u y4``rs: ,�.cF.r.�s �� *r, _s'• p `•!u ,5,'1� ^3f' »�.z+,S r�. ey ,+`a 11c�C"�f u�i�(44 ,
W.
s t Baas#orbidden further exca anon
+ Bk,LA
��"n r r Fps` xr " *T�����'.- �r� �tde treI�C11eS f01"S$W�T'1��?IeS,', •
eY&dViation crews encounter
t i+ a1 "r xac x +� t v.,�.,ts u 4 •7 a r.
sZ� {Ia tE� tumee;tliey hav$been ordered#dill
he 4 ?"• 1 pn�7�,. tU
Ju
C�����`4Scaate�.T-1�e"`^•1d. fY i5 �.Y fix zs.5��x,t
�•rM WN 4 1. E 11 J 1
spy T +'[Lu,. 7 a�" r +"• �* � +x r ,v�T
1 cbn 4 ar���t MTntazne` c tywand County Heaith<
x
r"'vdt z a aa. a.T, r•'kk rc c a.t 'Fgrr ° x t'� >'c n i .,� a a -
'te ctvat tii tt,ofit '� a eawsttu for a{frmaly
.a.t rr.,� r a v'N s,� S >�'� -i .•� r s`., r s c ><4 ' _.,�a-c � �� .�
tek and � j + ed. rstR rpon tle samples to decid@what
5 a f ¢ of t e Jr &,3 x'd ,�. 4 e r k g,yr'rj
(ouh a e th D tie `ta tti o Herr
1 -+` �, T' & "f
ik»s 4+r�A "4 `f 1 XPS t ��rSk»i, r
rs7 f•Y 'u.' .+ ru {i"rm "1: Ss 6 ayh w S fi 11. -
�ltp Cpu►C�lnon�. Skeirrpri�$g'�cn� s�y��ee ,4r?j'fbr,the,deveioper, Zambor. said
.*• x z4 S, 4,cxiCs�a { ..L me rA.,r,wt 'ra::t h t�
vre�+de€fay tint tfie�fu $sflst� � $ been ying'to do everything he can to help
,Ffgi a x ! ' vcvyP w �^ s a i aa,a s •s (z
dgect$�3�; K " tfils situation,but right now he's stuck" t
yA
fant�Ma tit ut
�xr
I �nee rel+e 9
eartmw
tlfaireyuipent Wass �c�it'a 1t�1 "
+a v rex ra tz tat ,�
dee i4tt�ie.sutWWI4�livlsibnfilieeuip
ya a 1 a e
�
emtied��rr�riput�g€ dortmoslof te °
de b as smelting ve an extra"strdr dcise of
agar,11ganaphim.
15
s' te ✓ ;.. �,pu'M'�
3•�i`r�,i.5 v.'ytsPm - 15,.�jr��
5 '+ .° % ,a°+tr: i41"t
fi s mNE'd.R {td�Y':. �;.♦�r z t ti ?"mds % 'I Ali S , i°. f37n ,..v 'ac �s � F .k A PL � p,.{S IG a 1 )i .1 Sk
$ `F No,
'tt�i .G} �h _ .,{ .h" � §�� i� ,46Fr > 3�S 3 �w , ar .ff l i�f x fy 5. .x �M l r v f yr n3� I q 4k `« n `4<t i Pfo-s F7�iJ r+rt 4r'i'. � k � i � `� ` � � r��`"S" � tit L, ��'A'
�Y ��'
5#mlif
..
I,~,?�'�.�' t5 n �A�ir�ff �',Yk�a�y7� ��� ✓ r r �!=y `�k �`sib. "A' M14'!:��Y�i',�M�� ,`'Hx '
, GT'OMBEASG'H=�=`City 4ffa
ts�w"'r •"�{ s ' tt
�}brt�(�j Wednesday}wht �he noxx ups�u ��
s�,epi� fi�oni ant83�G3v�ttQn��e anal f4 li�
" , k 5��,�a 4sI�r rsS!�r 1 iF,Y�3�'�•.F F a��r"i� >�"-r, x.'.�;� # {
dIt Hof-,mearby� eighborpood have�alrr� a� �
rid
,t�'aii;;�be c��y�hSsF�orFudd`en�frthe� _ � � �,
q 3 a,7�
�FYW��"'% �MF�7��et�l��dY,
. ax ,S e`fitG���� F4�S } j� Ti��Y+.T�P����� I •t. .11.�e: I r;, ' �. ¢� K���.-�.A. 1 �. •
p�,�the fumesca mesurd, t
ctlmrolLngm. m,cie,, kt�<' ,� +.
kj`rr tbi c A F F 'i ^P R '�' x i. ��� �*rp� h vl,yt,I
� � `�T Y x�1a�.,nig`�n�1 rt Ktr� •
pnvatextestang bortor a d
t EatS1F°S't ^"r ,"Y�'T .r p� + Y�'"\� r#t •. �#5'' ity
sail snipes substadces regale , e , If F ' yAtie¢ ou'
., ds ,•s"ti r >n47��a� � t�rs�r�tia, �"4 �`t (�A�r'�
icros The later
Opera, is ryi;. f
rlp #z s« :Z�S $�8 1 r� he
y't�Pv v on
�xfQY'�Y3F3
accodng�to the C ..,� es�eneuiter
,�iQ�� � .a{; r• � zt^` t a K4i��nY° � rr
Thersubstanceslc�ric13ifIT
? �f�," eyhal?een ordered��ll
w m
sul#ydehethyl"imy�er ;
1 S 7T Y `k i Sfi Yh 1' E } $If�.,a 1
large Prlough co� eatxt�y�nd�urlGyHathRY
q r .w+a tr, 'uS af` r' ,k:: t3`r3'*
but Yecause Cher ,avat19PIRWAS #op eri f ; it�n for a"f rin`a
last�week any i #necb � a . : a , srb u'� "sartpts t ��ecae`ivy�lat°
rt^`!'. '*#
Gounty�ieaWlth'Deartnaer �
Y1
x .Ap x 4 1 `:i{ 6�1 .:avTi;•7• t7 "7k� Sa S r -•i -
�ty Cpuncilnanbn, afsa sryfitdorp;,"nY✓"YN u 4'
d xk � + :" � ;dryveyltl� lie��an�ta>help
intery e ne r1��y tt"t d
: r h"�� .rs d�F�l t a ' �'4 h, t, s r x t. k � a e, r �`" nX '��Sn.+�, ..
detected pt 9aiie`�" tobabfy, r �' � ..,��ygtn�; ctriny'kessuck f��
pR4pt `s �n thee"� hbang housl �� 'i* �,r ,,4 q.:... •',zt ,.
said m-4H a lei e p q"
p 7 } F A F�
and sep` head'
` id he
famil "th ut the`hou `it Fr
fumes co , be elim r a �'
},
_. °v`t a' s t •t yr�i
The=fumesapparentlywereFre Bad wlzn
�. x' r� ,
earthmovmg equipmezlt,wasp-calvg�out a . . .
de sacin the subdivistJ.
ev
on�The�equip�rnent'uricuv
ered'aT iard.t tilaek rsan y�s'ubstMeml h, 1` j
emrtteds a werf4l� inge"tY d`. most often
described as smellingLke an extra strop y'do`se of
garlic and"onigns, 'Uses
O ® �O U NTY O.F SANTA ANA OFFICE
z 645 NORTH ROSS STREET
TELEPHONE: 834-3131
Moiling Address: P.O. Box 355
Santa Ana, Californio 92702
RANG E
ANAHEIM OFFICE
1011 SOUTH EAST STREET
TELEPHONE: 776-5551
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 355
HEALTH DEPARTMENT Santa Ano, Californio 92702
October 14, 1976
Floyd A. Belsito I
City Administrator
City of Huntington Beach
City Hall
P.O. Box 190
Huntington Beach, CA 92648
Subject: Odor Problem, Tract 9235
Dear Mr. Belsito:
As you probably know, the Board of Supervisors has directed the Health
Department to assist the City of Huntington Beach in regard to the odor
problem at the construction site of Tract 9235. I understand that our
representatives have held discussions with your staff and have made
arrangements to monitor the excavation of a trench into the odor-causing
oil-waste deposit sometime this week. I am informed that the excavating
will be performed by the builder under carefully controlled specified
conditions and, if at any time, an odor problem develops, the work will
be halted and the excavation backfilled. We will be pleased to cooperate
in this endeavor.
We wish to point out that, at this time, we do not have sufficient factual
information to ascertain whether a continuing or recurring odor nuisance,
safety or health problem could exist after the dwellings are constructed
over or near the odor-producing deposit. We believe it would be prudent
for the City to make such a determination, with consideration being given
to the effects of possible changes in subsurface conditions which might
occur in the future. For example, what effect might the percolation of
surface water into the deposit have on the generation and evolution of gas
or vapor? If generated, could gas or vapor enter. underground sewer lines,
. storm water drains or manholes which penetrate the deposit? Could such
gas or vapor enter dwellings? If these eventualities are possible, what
can be done to prevent their occurrence?
Fred A. Belsito
Page 2
Octover 14, 1976
We will provide whatever assistance we can in answering these questions.
However, we believe this should be a joint effort involving all possible
sources of expertise.. We have received an offer of help from the State
Department of. Health, directed by the Governor's office in response to a
request from the Mayor of your City. We have accepted and will work
closely with the State. Also, knowledgeable personnel from the City and
the County Environmental Management Agency should be consulted.
Please let me know your reaction to this suggestion. We will be pleased
to work with you in whatever manner you wish.
Very truly yours,
Robert S. Stone, R.S. , Director
Division of Environmental Health
RSS/lc
cc: Ray Edwards, E.M.A.
Earl Margitan, State Department of Health
Ed Camarena, S.C.A.P.C.D.
J. R. Elpers, M.D. , Health Officer
Laurence J. Schmit, Supervisor, District No. 2
CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH
INTER-DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION
HUNTINGTON BEACH
To Don Bonfa From. Mike . Zambory
Subject City Liability. on Frank Date October 15, 1976
Bucella' s Development,. Warner
at Bolsa Chica
Since there exists a possibility of the odor problem
re-occurring in the future on this site, .it is requested
that .the City:' s exposure to liability be researched.
The. developer plans on including disclaimer clauses
in their sales documents in an attempt. .to eliminate their
future liability. - Since the City is aware of the problem
- and no long range solution has been proposed, could the
City be held responsible in the future?
Michael Zambory
Acting Director of Public Works
MZ:WEH:mc .
�r
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
To Walt Hurtienne, Acting Director Date October 1, 1976
of Public Works
From Don P. Bonfa, City Attorney In Re Agreement re
Odor at Construction
Site - South of
Warner near Leslie
Please advise me immediately if you have any disagreement with
Frank Buccella. You are in charge of administering the agreement .
q
.F s-, K5
DON P . BONFA
City Attorney
DPB :b c C,0-f
Attachment
OFFICE OF
""" CITY ATTORNEY
P. O. BOX 190
HUNTINGTON BEACH
CALIFORNIA 92648
DON P. BONFA TELEPHONE
CITY ATTORNEY (714)536-5555
September 30, 1976
William L. Anderson, Esquire
888 North Main Street
Santa Ana, California
Re : Agreement concerning odor at construction site
south of Warner Avenue near Leslie
Dear Bill :
This will confirm the agreement entered into by ,your clients ,
Harbor Bluffs Development , Frank Buccella and Ivy Ong, and
yourself and the City of Huntington Beach in my conference
room this morning, that there shall be no construction
activity at the above captioned construction site which
will either create an odor -or disturb materials which
emanate an odor without prior consent of the City of Hunting-
ton Beach and , in the event of a disagreement between .the
parties, you shall give the City Attorney three days notice
before any such activity is done .
If this letter does not correctly reflect the agreement ,
please notify me immediately .
Cordially,
DON P . BONFA
City Attorney
DPB: cs
cc : Harriett Wieder, Mavor
Richard Harlow, Acting City Administrator
Walt Hurtienne , Acting Director of Public Works
Council Members
1
. r
Earth Research Associates Inc.
July 28, 1976
J. N. . 200-75
BUCCELLA ENGINEERING BUILDERS
1866 Rhodes Drive
Costa Mesa, California 92626
Attention: Mr. Frank Buccella
j
Subject: Seismicity and Fault I.nvestigation, Tentative Tract No. 9235,
City of Huntington Beach, California.
Reference: 1 ) Preliminary Foundation Soils Investigation, Proposed Apartment
Complex, Leslie Drive, South of Warner Avenue, Huntington Beach,
California, by H. V. Lawmaster & Company, dated August 3, 1971 .
2) Seismicity Report for Approximately 6 Acre Parcel Located
Southeast of the Intersection of Warner Avenue and Leslie Drive,
City of Huntington Beach, California, by Earth Research Associates,
Inc. , dated January 2, 1976,_J.N. 200-75).
Gentlemen:
Submitted herewith are the results of a seismicity and fault investigation
conducted within the subject property. Included within this investigation
r was the excavation of 220 lineal feet of trench for the purpose of determining
the presence or absence of surface faulting related to the Newport - Inglewood
Fault Zone, the nearest trace of which has been projected in the subsurface
approximately 700 feet Southwest of the subject tract.
i
FQr the purpose of completeness, we have also included within this report a
previously reported analysis of the seismicity of the site prepared b this
P Y P Y Y P P Y
jsi
firm (Reference No. 2) .
3001 Red Hill Ave. The Esplanade IV• Suite 120 • Costa Mesa, Ca. 92626 (714)549.8921
•�I
Buccella Engineering Builders July 28, 1976
J. N. 200-75
Page Two
We have also reviewed the above referenced foundation report (Reference No. 1 )
for the site.
LOCATION AND PRESENT SITE CONDITIONS
The subject property is an irregularly .shaped 6 acre parcel located East of .
Leslie Drive and South .of Warner Avenue. Total relief within the site is
;:- approximately 25 feet. Presently, the site is being utilized for horse
stables with numerous corrals and pens.
We understand it is proposed to construct one and two-story apartment buildings
within the property utilizing standard wood frame construction techniques.
FIELD INVESTIGATION
.:` An exploratory trench totalling 220 lineal feet was excavated in a Northeast
direction from the Southwest corner of the lot in order to determine the
presence or absence of faulting. This test pit was excavated with a backhoe
to depths of from 9.5 to 12.0 feet .and was carefully examined throughout its
entire length by a geologist from Earth Research Associates, Inc. and by
x
Mr. Jim Evans, geologist for the County of Orange. -
--A graphic log of the trench was prepared in the field and is included herein
as Plate B (.in pocket). In addition, descriptive logs of earth materials
encountered in the trench was prepared at 25 foot intervals and are presented
in-Table IV. Approximate location of the test pit is shown on the enclosed
s plot plan (Plate A).
Earth Research Associates Inc.
Buccella Engineering Builders July 28, 1976
J. N. 200-75
Page Three
EARTH MATERIALS
Artificial Fill
Previously placed artificial fill was encountered throughout the trench. At
the Southwest end of the trench 9.5 feet of fill consisting of organic and
chemically stained sandy silts was exposed. In the remainder of the trench
loose fill with varying amounts of debris was noted in the upper 0.5 to 2.0
feet. n
Alluvium
Beneath the thin layer of fill materials in the Northeast portion of the
_q trench, 0.5 to 4.0 feet of alluvial materials consisting of silty sands and
sands showing crude to well developed laminations were encountered.
Terrace Deposits
Pleistocene terrace deposits underlie the-entire site to the maximum depths
explored and are composed of light brown sandy silt materials to depths of
x
6.5 to 9.0 feet and medium brown to black lean clay materials below a distinct
_ contact between the two materials which was traceable throughout the trench.
except in the area of the fill in the Southwest portion of the trench. A
distinct petroleum residue and petroliferous odor in the lean clay materials
was noted in the Northeast portion of the trench.
ZME
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The subject property is located within the Bolsa Chica Highlands Region of
Huntington Beach which is underlain in the near surface by Pleistocene terrace
t '
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deposits. Dominating the regional geology in the vicinity of the property
is the Newport = Inglewood Fault Zone which has been projected beneath the
site on the basis of subsurface information obtained from oil wells. This
fault zone and its potential effect on the proposed development is discussed
in detail in the following "Seismicity" section of this report.
SEISMICITY
-There are a number of documented faults in Southern California which are con-
sidered active and which would have an effect on the subject property should
they become reactivated during the life of the development. Plate No. 1 shows
the location of the property with respect to the major active faults in
Southern California. Plate No. 2 shows the location of the site with respect
to the nearest active trace of the Newport - Inglewood Fault Zone as plotted
by the Planning Department of the City of Huntington Beach. This location,
which is dotted owing to its concealed nature in this area, has been derived
from information supplied to the City by the -California State Division of
Mines and Geology in their mapping of the fault zone in compliance with the
Alquist - Priolo Geologic Hazard Zones Act of 1972. As can be seen in Plate
No. 2, the subject property is located in the immediate vicinity of the zone
of projection of the subsurface trace of the Northern (Bolsa - Fairview) Fault
Branch of the Newport - Inglewood Fault.
Since the location of this fault branch is based on subsurface data and surface
r rupture has apparently not occurred within the past 9,000 years on the Newport. -
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Inglewood Fault in the Huntington Beach area, (H. B. Seismic Safety Element) ,
�y
{ this fault location must be considered approximate.
Ground Rupture
In order -to determine the presence or absence of the fault zone within the
site, the backhoe trench described in the "Field Exploration" section of this
r report was excavated .in the Southwest corner of the property. Careful examina-
tion of this trench by a geologist from Earth Research Associates, Inc. and
by Mr. Jim Evans, geologist for the County of Orange, revealed no evidence for
near surface faulting within the Pleistocene terrace deposits. Except in the
area of fill at the Southwest end of the trench, it was possible to trace an
unbroken contact between the near surface sandy silts and the underlying lean
clays.
The absence of evidence for near surface faulting within these trenches exca-
vated in Pleistocene terrace deposits indicates that ground rupture within the
site has not occurred in the geologic recent (Holocene) past. This , combined
Jq
Yl:: with the conclusion of the Huntington Beach Seismic Safety Element that ground
rupture has apparently not occurred in the Huntington Beach area within the
past 9,000 years, makes it highly unlikely that surface rupture would occur
within the site during the life of the development.
Ground Shaking
Table I lists the faults which might affect the site, their distance from the
. site, and estimated ground motion parameters including maximum probable
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F�. earthquake magnitudes , probable effective bedrock accelerations , and durations
of strong shaking at the site.
z
TABLE I
Probable
Maximum Approximate Effective Duration
Probable Distance Bedrock of Strong
1' Magnitude From Site Acceleration (g) Shaking
Fault Earthquake* (Miles) at Site (RHGA)** (Seconds)***
Newport-
Inglewood 6.6 0.50 0.48 20
Whittier •6.8 20 0.14 21
Elsinore 7.2 24 0.13 26
' San Jacinto 7.5 50 0. 10 26
San Andreas 8.0 52 0.14 28
! * Albee & Smith (1966) and Housner (1970)
'� ** Schnabel & Seed (1973) and Slossen & Ploessel (1974) ; RHGA = Repeatable
High Ground Acceleration
*** Bolt (1973)
Between 1918 and 1975 there have been 7 earthquakes within a radius of 70 miles
of the site having magnitudes greater than 5.5. These earthquakes are listed
in Table II with their respective distances from the site and probable maximum
effective bedrock accelerations at the site.
i. TABLE II
- Maximum Probable
Approximate Effective Bedrock
Distance Acceleration (g)
Date* Location Magnitude From Site (Mi . ) at Site**
4/21/18 Hemet 6.8 60 0.04
7/23/23 Box Springs Mountains 6. 3 50 0.04
3/11/33 Long Beach 6.3 8 0.22
5/31/38 Trabuco Canyon 5.5 29 0.04
11/14/41 Wilmington 5.5 14 0. 10
11/26/51 San Clemente Island 5.9 65 .0.02
ti 2/9/71 San Fernando 6.5 51 0.04
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* Bulletin No. 11602, State of California, Department of Water Resources,
(January, 1964)
a ,
** Schnabel & Seed (1973) and Slossen & Ploessel (1974)
7
t:
Housner (1970) has computed the statistical probabilities of any site in
California experiencing various levels of acceleration within prescribed
periods. Assuming a 50 year design life for structures within the develop-
ment, the following probabilities for acceleration could be anticipated:
TABLE III
Acceleration Probability of 1 Occurrence
For Firm Ground per 50 Year Period
C
0.05 - 0.09 99
0.10 - 0. 14 88
0. 15 - 0. 19 64
0.20 - 0.24 40
0.25 - 0.29 22
0.30 - 0.34 10
0.35 + 4.4
x.
v
•`; Considering the data ..in Tables I, II , and III , it is reasonable to assume
,r that during a 50 year life, structures will probably be subjected to a
ground acceleration of between 0.15 to 0.19g.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
;3
General
From an engineering geologic and seismologic standpoint, the subject property
is suited to the proposed development provided the following conclusions and
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recommendations are incorporated into the design criteria and project
specifications.
s Seismicity
. 1. Near surface faulting was not ecountered within the exploratory trench;
consequently, building restrictions or restricted use zones are not
necessary within the property.
2. -Based on our analysis of the seismicity of the site, it is probable that
during a 50 year life, structures within the property will be subjected
to a ground acceleration of between 0.15 and 0.19 g.
3. Owing to the generally cohesive and firm nature of the near surface soils
and to the absence of high groundwater conditions , secondary ground effects
such as lurching and shallow ground rupture, liquefaction, or settlement .
would not be anticipated as a result of ground shaking within the site due
1.: to an earthquake.
M
4. Owing to the flat terrain, earthquake induced landslides are not considered
a' possible.
5. For the purposes of design, it is recommended that all structures within
R r-
J:. : the property be designed in accordance with -the recently revised Earthquake
Regulations of the Uniform Building Code, 1976 Edition.
Respectfully submitted,
en.ri-
EARTH RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
A11Qn Be6CEG 936
Engineering Geologist
AB/id Earth Research Associates InC.Dis-: (6) Addressee
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TABLE IV
LOG OF TEST PIT TRENCH
STATION Depth
Number (ft. ) Description .
i. 0 + 25 0.0 - 9.5 FILL: Jumbled mass or organic sandy silt, dark brown;
}' moist and loose; intermixed With sulphur and purple
stained sandy silt; moist and dense to medium dense;
numerous roots to 2.0 feet
9.5 - 12.0 Clayey sand, brown; fine grained; moist and dense; (SC)
Terrace Deposits
' { 0 + 50 0.0 - 2.0 FILL: Organic sandy silt, dark brown; moist and soft
2.0 - 6. 5 Sandy silt, yellow; very fine grained; sulphur odor;
grades to a lean clay at the base; (ML) Sulphur stained
Terrace Deposits
6.5 - 11 .0 Lean clay, brown; moist and stiff
. ; 0 + 75 0.0 - 1 .0 FILL: Sandy silt, light brown; very fine grained; dry
and loose; PAIL
s
1 .0 - 1 .5 Silty sand, light brown to white; fine to very coarse
grained; dry and loose to .medium dense; (SM) Alluvium
° 1 .5 - 6.5 Sandy silt, light brown; very fine grained; damp to moist
and dense; thinly laminated with small scale cross bedding;
(ML) Terrace Deposits
q
6.5 - 10.5 Lean clay, brown; moist and stiff; (CL) 'Terrace Deposits .
1 + 00 0.0 - 0.5 FILL: Sandy silt, very fine grained; dry and loose
0. 5 - 2.5 Sand, gravelly, light brown to white; fine to very coarse
9� grained with 20-30% gravel ; crudely laminated; damp and
!l loose to medium dense; (SW) Allvuium
2.5 - 7.5 Sandy silt, light brwon; very fine grained; damp to moist
and dense; thinly laminated with small scale cross bedding;
(ML) Terrace Deposits
n
7.5 - 11 .0 Lean clay, brown; moist and stiff; (CL) Terrace Deposits
t,
- 2 - J. N. 200-75
STATION Depth
- Number ft. Description
1 + 25 0.0 - 2.0 FILL: Sandy silt, brown; wite considerable trash; dry
to- damp and loose
2.0 - 3.5 Sand, light brown .to white; crudely laminated; damp and
loose to medium dense; (SW) Alluvium
3.5 - 8.0 Sandy silt, light brown; very fine. grained; damp to moist
and dense; thinly laminated with small scale cross bedding;
; t (ML) Terrace Deposits
8.0 - 11 .0 Lean clay, brown; moist and stiff; (CL) Terrace Deposits
1 + 50 0.0 - 1 .0 FILL: Sandy silt, very fine grained; dry and loose; (ML)
1 .0 - 4.0 Sand, light brown to white; fine to very coarse grained;
gravel layer at base; well laminated with scour cross
a
bedding; dry to damp and loose to medium dense; (SW)
Alluvium
F
4.0 - 8.5 Sandy silt, light brown; very fine grained; damp to moist
and dense; (ML) Terrace Deposits
8. 5 - 11 .0 Sandy silt to lean clay; gray to black; strong petroliferous
odor; moist and dense; (ML/CL) Terrace Deposits
1 + 75 0.0 - 0.5 FILL: Sandy silt, very fine grained; dry and loose; (ML)
0.5 - 4.5 Sand, light brown to white; fine to very coarse grained;
gravel layer at base; well laiminated with scour cross
bedding; dry to damp and loose to medium dense; (SW)
Alluvium
4.5 - 9.0 Sandy silt, light brown; very fine grained; damp to moist
and dense; (ML) Terrace Deposits
r 9.0 -10.0 Sandy silt to lean clay, gray to black; strong petroliferous
odor; moist and dense; (ML/CL) Terrace Deposits
2 + 00 0.0 - 1 .0 FILL: Sandy silt, very fine grained; dry and loose; (ML)
1 .0 - 4.5 Sand, light brown to white; fine to very coarse grained;
gravel layer at base; well laminated with scour cross
bedding; dry to damp and loose to medium dense; (SW)Alluvium
4.5 - 9.0 Sandy silt, light brown; very fine grained; damp to moist
and dense; (ML) Terrace Deposits
9.0 - 9.5 Sandy silt to lean clay, gray to black; strong petroliferous
' odor; moist and dense; (ML/CL) Terrace Deposits
TOTAL LENGTH - 220 Feet
OtOo o t 25 Of?o 0175
I11
f 5 -
Si/fy Sod.
- �� Existing Ground $urt'oce?
p " fill- orgonic Sondy silt
\ Sondy_5i/t --- -- Teri
Terroce Oeposifs"
5017dy 5.'/1 fo [eon G/ay
.� Tre✓10h F140dr
• - /s fXP10RllTORY T
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NOTE 5� Test P/ Log {„^ AOi/
7
7t20
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I I I
I
*/D
— --- --fib/- soody sill W,/" OCCO601701 61-9017ic Oeb�i�---------'------��_ --_— ---_-- 0
—_ inr to very coarse Sind
Terroce .pepo•:its. - SOndy, Silt —i----- --- °—'— ------ --`
7y r`- Petroleuln Stoins Odor
EXPL j2xg roRY Tf 5T P/T
NO.PTHEAST� _ _.
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