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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1985 Uniform Fire CodeHUNTINGTON BEACH K. DEPARTMENT 2000 MAIN STREET HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA- .92648 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1985 Edition 9LENCE Oo ! UNIFORM i BUILDING c% CODE o 16�1N! r 9 7 2' S^�` First Printing Publication date: May 1, 1985 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 84-62489 COPYRIGHT 1985 by INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BUILDING OFFICIALS 5360 SOUTH WORKMAN MILL ROAD WHITTIER, CALIFORNIA 90601 and WESTERN FIRE CHIEFS ASSOCIATION 5360 SOUTH WORKMAN MILL ROAD WHITTIER, CALIFORNIA 90601 Preface It is the intent of the International Conference of Building Officials and the Western Fire Chiefs Association to correlate the provisions of the Uniform Fire Code and the Uniform Building Code so that there is no conflict between them. Neither code is intended to stand alone; rather, the total package, i.e., the Uniform Fire Code, the Uniform Building Code, the Uniform Mechanical Code, the Uniform Plumbing Code and the National Electrical Code, will give cities and counties a complete and comprehensive program of model codes that are compati- ble with each other. The Uniform Fire Code was initially developed by the California Fire Chiefs Association and was first published in 1971 by the International Conference of Building Officials and the Western Fire Chiefs Association. A revised edition was published in 1973 and subsequent editions have been published at three-year intervals. New editions incorporate changes approved at annual meetings of the Western Fire Chiefs Association. Anyone may propose amendments to this code. For more information, write to the International Conference of Building Officials at the address on the copyright page. Code changes to the code are processed each year and published in supplement form, permitting ready adoption by local communities. Changes are carefully reviewed in public hearings by professional experts in the field of fire and life safety. nn„�„u�„„pnnM„mn vertically in the margin indicates a change in the requirement from the 1982 edition. Editorial changes due to reformatting are not identified. Vertical lines in the margin that are interrupted by the letter B indicate the provision is an excerpt of requirements in the Uniform Building Code. Changes to such provisions are processed through the International Conference of Building Officials. Deletion indicators (M) are provided in the margin where a paragraph or item in a listing has been deleted. RELATED PUBLICATIONS Known widely for its Uniform Building Code, the International Conference of Building Officials publishes other related codes as well as textbooks to enable the user to improve his knowledge of code enforcement and the administration of a building inspection program. Publications are continually being added, so inquiries should be directed to Conference headquarters for a list of those available. At the time of this publication, the following publications were available: Uniform Building Code. Covers the fire, life and structural safety aspects of all buildings and related structures. Uniform Building Code Standards. Presents in a compact and concise manner national test, material and special design standards referred to in the Uniform Building Code. Uniform Mechanical Code. Contains requirements for the installation and maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling and refrigeration systems. This publication is sponsored jointly by the the International Conference of Building Officials and the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. Uniform Plumbing Code. Published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, the Uniform Plumbing Code covers all aspects of plumbing, includ- ing requirements for plumbing materials, and IAPMO installation standards. It is endorsed by the Conference as a companion document to ICBO's model codes and is available from either organization. Uniform Housing Code. Provides complete requirements affecting conservation and rehabilitation of housing. Its regulations are compatible with the Uniform Building Code. Uniform Code for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings. Sets forth orderly proce- dures for remedying dangerous buildings. Follows due process provisions which reflect the latest court decisions in such matters. This code covers all structures and may be used to supplement the Uniform Housing Code and the Uniform Building Code. Uniform Sign Code. Dedicated to the development of better sign regulation. Its require- ments pertain to all signs and sign construction attached to buildings. Uniform Administrative Code. This code covers administration areas in connection with adoption of the Uniform Building Code, Uniform Mechanical Code and related codes by a jurisdiction. It contains provisions which relate to site preparation, construction, alteration, moving, repair and use and occupancies of buildings or structures and building service equipment including plumbing, electrical and mechanical. The code is compatible with the administrative provisions of all codes published by the Conference. Uniform Building Security Code. This code establishes minimum standards to make dwelling units resistant to unlawful entry. It regulates swinging doors, sliding doors, windows and hardware in connection with dwelling units of apartment houses or one- and two-family dwellings. The code gives consideration to the concerns of police, fire and building officials in establishing requirements for resistance to burglary which are compati- ble with fire and life safety. Dwelling Construction under the Uniform Building Code. Designed to acquaint the home builder with basic Building Code requirements relating to dwelling construction. A useful text for apprentice training programs. Uniform Fire Code. Sets out provisions necessary for fire prevention while achieving uniformity in terms and requirements with other codes published by the Conference. This code is sponsored jointly by the Western Fire Chiefs Association and the International Conference of Building Officials. Uniform Fire Code Standards. This publication is a companion to the Uniform Fire Code. It contains standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials and of the National Fire Protection Association referenced by the Uniform Fire Code. U.B.C. Supplements. Between new editions of the codes, changes approved each year are incorporated in the supplements. Analysis of Revisions. Discusses the changes included in the latest codes published by the Conference as compared to the prior editions. CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code. This code is jointly sponsored by the International Conference of Building Officials, Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc., and Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc. It eliminates conflicts and duplications among the model codes to achieve national uniformity. Covers mechanical and plumbing requirements as well as construction and occupancy. Application and Commentary CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code. An interpretive commentary on the CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code intended to enhance uniformity of interpretation and application of the code nationwide. Developed by the three model code organizations under contract with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and in cooperation with the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). CABO Model Energy Code. This code sets forth minimum requirements for effective use of energy in the design of new buildings and structures and additions to existing buildings. It is based on ASHRAE Standard 90A-1980 and was originally developed jointly by ICBO, BOCA, SBCCI and the National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards (NCSBCS) under a contract funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The code is now maintained by the Council of American Building Officials (CABO) and is adopted by reference in the Uniform Building Code. Uniform Disaster Mitigation Plan. A plan developed to aid building departments in coping with major disasters such as fires, floods and earthquakes. Defines standard operating procedures for initiating disaster assessment and mitigation and includes samples of records, reports, entry signs, etc. National Electrical Code. The National Electrical Code is the electrical code for the majority of states, counties and cities in the United States. Researched and published every three years by the National Fire Protection Association, it is an indispensable aid to every electrician, electrical inspector, electrical equipment manufacturer, architect, builder, con- sulting engineer, contractor, fire marshal, fire chief, building inspector and anyone who must specify or certify electrical installations. 1984 National Fire Codes. Available through ICBO are the 1984 National Fire Codes published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The eight -volume set provides guidelines for code enforcement, inspection, design and maintenance of buildings in a single source reference. Building Department Administration. An excellent guide for improvement of skills in departmental management and in the enforcement and application of the Building Code and other regulations administered by a building inspection department. Recommended for both undergraduate and advanced study. Uniform Building Code Application/Interpretation Manual. A manual discussing sections of the Uniform Building Code with a question/answer format, providing a com- prehensive analysis of the intent of the code section. Most sections include illustrative examples. The manual is in loose-leaf form so that code interpretations published in Building Standards may be inserted. Plan Review Manual. Provides an understanding of the extent of Building Code provisions and illustrates application to given situations. Covers nonstructural aspects as well as providing an insight into the basic engineering considerations a plan examiner or checker must utilize. ' Field Inspection Manual. Designed to improve inspection skills and techniques. A fundamental important text for courses of study at the community college and trade or technical school level. Building Official Management Manual. This manual addresses the unique nature of code administration and the managerial duties of the building official. A supplementary insert addresses the budgetary and financial aspects of a building department. It is also an ideal resource for those preparing for the management module of the CABO Building Official Certification Examination. Illustrated Mechanical Manual. Contains a series of illustrations with explanatory text covering requirements in the Uniform Mechanical Code which respond to graphic treat- ment. It is highly useful for code application and for training purposes. Solar Systems Code Review Manual. A completely illustrated manual to facilitate approval of solar systems, from plan check to field inspection. Specifically addresses needs of building departments, and is equally valuable to all departments dealing with housing and commercial structures. Developed by California Building Officials, Inc., (CALBO) under contract with the California Energy Commission. Solar Swimming Pool/Spa Code Review Manual. A completely illustrated manual to assist local officials in identifying, understanding and completing a code analysis of solar pool and spa heating systems presented for permit approval. Developed by the California Building Officials, Inc., (CALBO) under contract to the California Energy Commission. Concrete Manual. A publication on concrete to be used for reference or as a text on concrete inspection. Of particular interest to inspectors, it is also useful to concrete technicians and craftsmen who are more concerned with the physical and practical aspects of concrete than the design. You Can Build It! Sponsored by the Council of American Building Officials (CABO), this booklet contains information and advice to aid "do-it-yourselfers" with building projects. Provides guidance in necessary procedures such as permit requirements, codes, plans, cost estimation, etc. Installation and Operation of Solid -fuel -burning Appliances. A fully illustrated manual designed to provide information on the proper installation and operation of listed solid -fuel -burning appliances. Intended to supplement the detailed installation and operat- ing instructions normally supplied with these types of appliances. An aid to building officials administering ICBO codes and standards and/or utilizing evaluation reports. Recommended Provisions and Commentary for Existing High-rise Buildings. A booklet setting forth uniform guidelines for the building official to follow in regulating the retrofitting of existing high-rise buildings. The booklet also includes a commentary briefly explaining the conceptual basis of the provisions. Guidelines for Manufactured Housing Installation. A guideline in code form imple- menting the Uniform Building Code and its companion code documents to regulate the permanent installation of a manufactured home on a privately owned nonrental site. A commentary is included to explain specific provisions, and codes applying to each compo- nent part are defined. Guidelines for Solar Energy Installations. Provides an understanding of requirements protecting public health and safety where solar systems are utilized. Compatible with the Uniform Building, Mechanical and Plumbing Codes and the National Electrical Code. Developed by ICBO and IAPMO with the technical assistance of the solar industry under a contract between the California Building Officials and the California Energy Commission. A TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the Uniform Fire Code and Uniform Fire Code Standards .................................. xxvi Part I —Administrative ARTICLE 1. Title, Intent and Scope SEC. 1.101. Title ......................................... 1.102. Intent ........................................ 1.103. Scope ........................................ ARTICLE 2. Organization, Authority, Duties and Procedures DIVISION I. Organization and Authority ................... SEC. 2.101. Responsibility for Enforcement ................... 2.102. Rules and Regulations ........................... 2.103. Fire Prevention Bureau .......................... 2.104. Fire Prevention Engineer or Fire Marshal ............ 2.105. Authority of Fire Personnel to Exercise Powers of Police Officers ...................................... 2.106. Authority of Police Personnel to Assist in Enforcing This Code .................................... 2.107. Right of Entry ................................ I 2.108. Liability for Damages ........................... 2.109. Validity ...................................... DIVISION II. Duties and Procedures ....................... SEC. 2.201. Inspections and Unsafe Buildings .................. 2.202. Investigations ................................. 2.203. Records and Reports ............................ 2.204. Orders, Notices and Tags ........................ 2.205. Service of Orders and Notices ..................... DIVISION III. Special Procedures .......................... SEC. 2.301. Alternate Materials and Methods .................. 2.302. Board of Appeals ............................... 2.303. Standards ..................................... ARTICLE 3. Compliance with Orders and Notices SEC. 3.101. Unlawful Continuance of Fire Hazard .............. 11 3.102. Compliance with Order or Notice .................. 11 3.103. Compliance with Condemnation Tag ............... 11 3.104. Removal or Destruction of Signs or Tags ............ 11 ARTICLE 4. Permits SEC. 4.101. Permit Required ................................ 12 4.102. Conditions of Permits ........................... 15 4.103. Application for Permit ........................... 16 4.104. Inspection Required ............................ 16 4.105. Retention of Permits ............................ 16 4.106. Permits for the Same Location .................... 16 4.107. Revocation of Permits ........................... 16 vii Page Part II —Definitions and Abbreviations ARTICLE 9. Definitions and Abbreviations SEC. 9.101. General Provisions ............................. 17 9.102. Definitions .................................... 17 Part III —General Provisions for Fire Safety ARTICLE 10. Fire Protection DIVISION I. Operations at Fires or Other Emergencies ..... 39 SEC. 10.101. Authority at Fires and Other Emergencies ........... 39 10.102. Interference with Fire Department ................. 39 10.103. Authority to Barricade .......................... 39 DIVISION II. General Provisions ........................... 39 SEC. 10.201. Tampering with Fire Equipment ................... 39 10.202. Tampering with Fire Hydrant or Fire Appliance ....... 40 10.203. Hydrant Use Approval ........................... 40 10.204. Tampering with Barricades, etc .................... 40 10.205. Closure of Roads or Trails ......................... 40 10.206. Obstruction of Fire Protection Equipment............ 40 10.207. Fire Apparatus Access Roads ..................... 41 10.208. Premises Identification .......................... 42 10.209. Key Box ...................................... 42 DIVISION 111. Installation and Maintenance of Fire -protection, Life -safety Systems and Appliances ........... 42 SEC. 10.301. Installation .................................... 42 10.302. Maintenance .................................. 43 10.303. Vapor Liquid and Liquefied Gas Extinguishers ....... 44 10.304. Sale of Defective Fire Extinguishers ................ 44 10.305. Fire Protection in Recreational Vehicle and Mobile Home Parks ................................... 44 10.306. Fire Alarm System .............................. 44 10.307. Installation of Fixed Fire Protection Systems ......... 45 10.308. Automatic Fire -extinguishing Systems .............. 45 10.309. Sprinkler System Alarms ......................... 48 10.310. Permissible Sprinkler Omissions ................... 48 10.311. Standpipes .................................... 49 10.312. Buildings Under Construction ..................... 50 10.313. Basement Pipe Inlets ............................ 50 10.314. Fire -extinguishing Equipment for Protection of Kitchen Grease Hoods and Ducts ......................... 50 DIVISION IV. Maintenance, Repair and Restoration of Fire - resistive Walls and Partitions, Draft -stop Partitions and Fire -resistive Assemblies for Protection of Openings ....................... 52 SEC. 10.401. Fire -resistive Construction ....................... 52 10.402. Fire Assembly for Protection of Openings ........... 52 Page ARTICLE 11. General Precautions Against Fire DIVISION I. Incinerators and Open Burning ............... 54 SEC. 11.101. Bonfires and Outdoor Rubbish Fires ................ 54 11.102. Kindling of Fire on Land of Others Restricted ........ 54 11.103. Discarding Burning Objects Prohibited ............. 54 11.104. Hot Ashes and Other Dangerous Materials ........... 54 11.105. Types and Construction of Incinerators .............. 54 11.106. Location ..................................... 55 11.107. Incinerators in Trailer Camps ..................... 55 11.108. Maintenance .................................. 55 11.109. Clearance Between Incinerators and Combustibles .... 55 11.110. Use of Incinerators Restricted ..................... 55 11.111. Chimney Spark Arresters ........................ 55 11.112. Hours of Burning. 56 11.113. Burning on Public Property ....................... 56 11.114. Offensive Smoke and Odors ...................... 56 11.115. Attendant for Fire .............................. 56 11.116. Fire Hazard Prohibited .......................... 56 DIVISION II. Combustible and Flammable Materials ........ 56 SEC. 11.201. Accumulation of Waste Material ................... 56 11.202. Handling of Readily Combustible Materials .......... 57 11.203. Storage of Readily Combustible Materials ........... 57 11.204. Flammable Decorative Materials .................. 58 11.205. Use of Open Flame or Light Restricted .............. 58 11.206. Combustible Materials Beneath Structures ........... 58 11.207. Combustible Storage in Attic Spaces ............... 58 11.208. Parade Floats .................................. 58 11.209. Atrium Furnishings ............................. 58 DIVISION Ill. Fire Reporting and False Alarms .............. 59 SEC. 11.301. Reporting of Fires .............................. 59 11.302. False Alarms .................................. 59 DIVISION IV. Use of Equipment, Appliances and Devices; Vacant Buildings ............................. 59 SEC. 11.401. Toy Balloons .................................. 59 11.402. Projectile Firing ................................ 59 11.403. Asphalt Kettles ................................ 60 11.404. Heating Appliances ...............•.............. 60 11.405. Maintenance of Chimneys and Heating Appliances .... 60 11.406. Trapdoors to Be Closed .......................... 60 11.407. Shaftways to Be Marked ......................... 60 11.408. Use of Torches or Flame -producing Devices for Sweating Pipe Joints or Removing Paint ............. 61 11.409. Open -flame Warning Lights ...................... 61 11.410. Open -flame Devices in Marinas ................... 61 11.411. Vacating Premises .............................. 61 11.412. Vacant Buildings ............................... 61 11.413. Protection of Gas Meters and Piping ................ 61 11.414. Posting of Signs on Exterior Doors Blocked by Storage. 61 11.415. Storage of Hazardous Equipment in Buildings ........ 62 Ix Page ARTICLE 12. Maintenance of Exit Ways SEC. 12.101. Scope ........................................ 63 12.102. Definitions .................................... 63 12.103. Exit Obstruction ............................... 63 12.104. Doors ........................................ 63 12.105. Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies .............. 64 12.106. Stairways ..................................... 65 12.107. Ramps ....................................... 65 12.108. Horizontal Exit ................................ 66 12.109. Stairway, Ramp and Escalator Enclosures ........... 66 12.110. Smokeproof Enclosures ......................... 66 12.111. Exit Courts ................................... 67 12.112. Exit Passageway ............................... 67 12.113. Exit Illumination ............................... 67 12.114. Exit Signs ..................................... 68 ARTICLE 13. Smoking SEC. 13.101. Designated Areas Where Smoking Shall Be Prohibited. 70 13.102. Smoking ..................................... 70 13.103. "No Smoking" Signs ........................... 70 13.104. Removal of Signs Prohibited ...................... 70 13.105. Compliance with "No Smoking' Signs ............. 70 Part IV —Special Occupancy Uses ARTICLE 24. Airports, Heliports and Helistops DIVISION I. General SEC. 24.101. Scope... 24.102. Permits ...................................... 24.103. Dispensing Flammable or Combustible Liquids ....... 24.104. Transferring Fuel ............................... 24.105. Application of Flammable or Combustible Liquid Finishes...................................... 24.106. Cleaning Parts .............. I .................. 24.107. Drip Pans ..................................... 24.108. Open Flame ................................... 24.109. Smoking ..................................... 24.110. Running Engines ............................... 24.111. Repairing Aircraft .............................. 24.112. Combustible Storage ............................ 24.113. Portable Fire Extinguishers ....................... 24.114. Aircraft Service Station .......................... 24.115. Pumps ....................................... 24.116. Dispensing Hose and Nozzles ..................... 24.117. Protection of Electrical Equipment ................. 24.118. Venting of Equipment Compartments ............... 24.119. Accessory Equipment ........................... 24.120. Bonding and Grounding ......................... 24.121. Regulations Not Covered ........................ DIVISION II. Refueler Units ............................... SEC. 24.201. Construction of Aircraft Refuelers ................. 24.202. Operation, Maintenance and Use of Aircraft Refueler Units........................................ 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 72 72 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 73 73 74 74 74 74 Page 24.203. Fueling and Defueling ........................... 75 24.204. Qualified Operator ............................. 75 24.205. Protection of Hose .............................. 75 24.206. Maintenance .................................. 76 24.207. Loading and Unloading .......................... 76 24.208. Passengers .................................... 76 24.209. Smoking, Open Flame and Service Equipment ....... 77 DIVISION III. Hellstops.................................... 77 SEC. 24.301. General ...................................... 77 24.302. Clearance ..................................... 77 24.303. Class I or Class II Liquid Spillage .................. 77 24.304. Exit Ways .................................... 77 24.305. Federal Aviation Approval ....................... 77 ARTICLE 25. Places of Assembly DIVISION I. General ..................................... 78 SEC. 25.101. Permits ....................................... 78 25.102. Supervision and Communication System ............ 78 25.103. Decorative Material ............................. 78 25.104. Pyroxylin -coated Fabric .......................... 78 25.105. Motion Picture Screens .......................... 78 25.106. Exit Doors .................................... 79 25.107. Aisles ........................................ 79 25.108. Seat Spacing .................................. 80 25.109. Use of Exit Ways ............................... 81 25.110. Ashtrays ..................................... 81 25.111. Fire Appliances ................................ 81 25.112. Plan of Exit Ways and Aisles ...................... 81 25.113. Marking and Lighting of Exits .................... 81 25.114. Maximum Occupant Load ........................ 82 25.115. Candles and Other Open -flame Devices ............. 82 25.116. Requirements for Use of Candles and Other Open -flame Devices ...................................... 82 25.117. Standby Personnel .............................. 83 DIVISION 11. Reviewing Stands, Grandstands and Bleachers 84 SEC. 25.201. Scope ........................................ 84 25.202. Definitions .................................... 84 25.203. Height of Grandstands and Bleachers ............... 84 25.204. Structural Requirements ......................... 84 25.205. Design of Reviewing Stands, Grandstands and Bleachers ..................................... 84 DIVISION Ill. Folding and Telescoping Seating .............. 87 SEC. 25.301. Scope ........................................ 87 25.302. Definition .................................... 87 25.303. Design Requirements ........................... 87 25.304. General Requirements ........................... 87 DIVISION IV. Securing of Chairs ........................... 88 SEC. 25.401. General ...................................... 88 A Page ARTICLE 26. Bowling Alleys SEC. 26.101. General ...................................... 89 26.102. Permits ...................................... 89 26.103. Alley Resurfacing and Refinishing ................. 89 26.104. Pin Refinishing ................................ 89 ARTICLE 27. Cellulose Nitrate Plastics (Pyroxylin), Storage and Handling SEC. 27.101. Definition .................................... 90 27.102. Permits ...................................... 90 27.103. Display of Plastics .............................. 90 27.104. Storage and Handling ........................... 90 27.105. Fire Protection Equipment ........................ 91 27.106. Sources of Ignition .............................. 91 ARTICLE 28. Storage and Handling of Combustible Fibers SEC. 28.101. Definitions .................................... 92 28.102. Permits ...................................... 92 28.103. Loose Storage ................................. 92 28.104. Baled Storage ................................. 92 28.105. Storage of Agricultural Products ................... 93 28.106. Dust -collecting System .......................... 93 ARTICLE 29. Garages SEC. 29.101. General ...................................... 94 29.102. Permits ...................................... 94 29.103. Cleaning with Class I or II Liquids ................. 94 29.104. Handling of Gasoline and Oils .................... 94 29.105. Vapor Ignition Devices .......................... 94 ARTICLE 30. Lumber Yards and Woodworking Plants SEC. 30.101. Permits ...................................... 95 30.102. Open Yard Storage ............................. 95 30.103. Operational Fire Hazards in Lumber Yards ........... 95 30.104. Fire -extinguishing Appliances in Open Yards and Buildings ..................................... 95 30.105. Woodworking Plants ............................ 96 ARTICLE 31. Tire -rebuilding Plants SEC. 31.101. General ...................................... 97 31.102. Permits ...................................... 97 31.103. Construction and Protection Requirements ........... 97 31.104. Tire -buffing Rooms ............................. 97 31.105. Ventilation .................................... 97 31.106. Use and Storage ................................ 97 ARTICLE 32. Tents and Air -supported Structures SEC. 32.101. Permits ...................................... 98 32.102. Place of Assemblage ............................ 98 32.103. Parking of Automobiles ......................... 98 32.104. Location of Tents and Air -supported Structures ....... 98 32.105. Structural Stability ............................. 98 31106. Flame-retardant Treatment ....................... 99 32.107. Fire -resistive Standards .......................... 99 32.108. Smoking and Open Flame ........................ 100 xll Page 32.109. Fire Extinguishers and Other Fire Protection Equipment .................................... 100 32.110. Standby Personnel .............................. 100 32.111. Abatement of Fire or Panic Hazards Not Specifically Covered by This Article ......................... 100 32.112. Exits ........................................ 100 32.113. Maintenance of Exit Ways ........................ 101 32.114. Marking of Exits ............................... 101 32.115. Exit Illumination ............................... 101 32.116. Occupant Load ................................ 102 32.117. Seating Arrangements ........................... 102 32.118. Heating and Cooking Equipment .................. 102 32.119. Storage of Flammable or Combustible Liquids........ 102 32.120. Housekeeping ................................. 102 ARTICLE 33. Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film SEC. 33.101. Scope ........................................ 103 33.102. Permits ...................................... 103 33.103. Buildings ..................................... 103 33.104. Storage and Handling ........................... 103 ARTICLE 34. Automobile Wrecking Yards, Junk or Waste Material Handling Plants SEC. 34.101. General ...................................... 104 34.102. Permits ...................................... 104 34.103. Storage ...................................... 104 34.104. Burning Operations ............................. 104 34.105. Picking Rooms ................................ 104 34.106. Welding and Cutting ............................ 104 34.107. Access to Area ................................. 104 ARTICLE 35. Covered Mall Buildings SEC. 35.101. Scope ........................................ 105 35.102. Permits ...................................... 105 35.103. Special Provisions .............................. 105 ARTICLE 36. Dry Cleaning with Noncombustible Solvents SEC. 36.101. Scope ........................................ 106 36.102. Permits ...................................... 106 36.103. Equipment .................................... 106 Part V—Special Processes ARTICLE 45. Application of Flammable Finishes DIVISION I. General Provisions ........................... 107 SEC. 45.101. Scope ........................................ 107 45.102. Permits ...................................... 107 45.103. Smoking Prohibited ............................. 107 45.104. Welding Warning Signs ........................... 107 45.105. Electric Wiring and Equipment .................... 108 DIVISION 11. Spray Finishing .............................. 108 SEC. 45.201. Definitions .................................... 108 45.202. Location of Spray -finishing Operations ............. 108 Page 45.203. Spray Booths .................................. 108 45.204. Dry -type Overspray Collectors (Exhaust Air Filters) ... 109 45.205. Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition ............. 109 45.206. Ventilation of Spray Booths and Spray -finishing Areas . 110 45.207. Limited Spraying Areas ......................... III 45.208. Storage and Handling of Flammable or Combustible Liquids .................................. 112 45.209. Fire Protection Equipment ........................ 112 45.210. Operations and Maintenance ...................... 112 45.211. Drying Apparatus .............................. 113 DIVISION III. Dip Tanks ................................... 114 SEC. 45.301. Location of Dip Tank Operations .................. 114 45.302. Ventilation of Vapor Areas ....................... 114 45.303. Construction of Dip Tanks ........................ 114 45.304. Storage and Handling of Flammable or Combustible Liquids...................................... 115 45.305. Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition ............. 115 45.306. Operations and Maintenance ...................... 115 45.307. Fire -extinguishing Equipment ..................... 115 45.308. Dip Tank Covers ............................... 116 45.309. Hardening and Tempering Tanks ................... 116 45.310. Coating Operations ............................. 116 DIVISION IV. Electrostatic Apparatus ...................... 117 SEC. 45.401. Equipment Type and Location ..................... 117 45.402. Controls ...................................... 117 45.403. Guards and Signs ............................... 117 45.404. Maintenance .................................. 117 45.405. Ventilation .................................... 118 DIVISION V. Automobile Undercoating .................... 118 SEC. 45.501. Operations Included ............................ 118 DIVISION VI. Powder Coating ............................. 118 SEC. 45.601. Dry Powder Application ......................... 118 45.602. Location and Construction of Powder Coating Rooms and Booths .................................... 118 45.603. Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition ............. 118 45.604. Ventilation .................................... 119 45.605. Drying, Curing or Fusion Equipment ............... 119 45.606. Operation and Maintenance ...................... 119 45.607. Fixed Electrostatic Spraying Equipment ............. 119 45.608. Electrostatic Fluidized Beds ...................... 119 DIVISION VII. Organic Peroxides and Dual Component Coatings .................................... 120 SEC. 45.701. General ...................................... 120 45.702. Use of Organic Peroxide Coatings ................. 120 45.703. Storage ...................................... 120 45.704. Handling ..................................... 120 45.705. Mixing ....................................... 120 45.706. Smoking ..................................... 121 45.707. Personnel Qualifications ......................... 121 xlv Page ARTICLE 46. Fruit -ripening Processes SEC. 46.101. Scope ........................................ 122 46.102. Permits ...................................... 122 46.103. Use of Ethylene ................................ 122 46.104. Electrical Equipment ............................ 122 46.105. Heating ...................................... 122 46.106. Open Flames .................................. 123 46.107. Housekeeping ................................. 123 ARTICLE 47. Fumigation and Thermal Insecticidal Fogging SEC. 47.101. Scope ........................................ 124 47.102. Permits ...................................... 124 47.103. Sources of Ignition ............................. 124 47.104. Notification of Fumigation ....................... 124 47.105. Breathing Apparatus Required .................... 124 47.106. Watchman Required During Fumigation ............. 124 47.107. Sealing of Building ............................. 124 47.108. Warning Signs ................................. 125 47.109. Venting and Clean Up ........................... 125 47.110. Thermal Insecticidal Fogging Liquids ............... 125 47.111. Warehouse Fumigations .......................... 125 47.112. Flammable Fumigants Restricted .................. 125 ARTICLE 48. Magnesium SEC. 48.101. Scope ........................................ 129 48.102. Permits ...................................... 129 48.103. Storage of Pigs, Ingots and Billets ................. 129 48.104. Melting Pots .................................. 129 48.105. Storage of Magnesium Articles in Foundries and Processing Plants ............................... 129 48.106. Heat -treating Ovens ............................. 129 48.107. Magnesium Processing Operations .:............... 129 48.108. Fire -extinguishing Materials ...................... 130 48.109. Storage of Magnesium Articles in Warehouses and Stores ........................................ 130 48.110. Handling of Magnesium Fines (Fine Magnesium Scrap) 130 ARTICLE 49. Welding and Cutting Using Calcium Carbide and Acetylene SEC. 49.101. General Requirements ........................... 131 49.102. Piping of Oxygen and Fuel Gases .................. 131 49.103. Manifolding of Cylinders ........................ 132 49.104. Storage of Cylinders ............................ 132 49.105. Liquid Oxygen ................................ 132 49.106. Hose and Hose Connections ...................... 132 49.107. General Safety Rules for Welding and Cutting ........ 133 49.108. Containers for Calcium Carbide ................... 134 49.109. Storage of Calcium Carbide in Buildings ............ 134 49.110. Generators to Be Approved ....................... 135 49.111. Generator Rooms .............................. 135 49.112. Portable Generators ............................. 135 49.113. Protection against Freezing ....................... 135 ARTICLE 50. Manufacture of Organic Coatings SEC. 50.101. Scope ........................................ 136 50.102. Definition .................................:.. 136 M Page 50.103. Permits ...................................... 136 50.104. Process Buildings .............................. 136 50.105. Storage of Raw Materials and Finished Products ...... 137 50.106. Drainage Facilities .............................. 137 50.107. Process Mills, Mixers and Kettles .................. 138 50.108. Process Piping ................................. 138 50.109. Transfer of Flammable and Combustible Liquids in Process Areas ................................. 139 50.110. Raw Materials in Process Areas ................... 139 50.111. Electrical Equipment ............................ 139 50.112. Protection Against Static Electricity and Lightning .... 139 50.113. Fire Protection ................................. 140 50.114. Maintenance .................................. 140 ARTICLE 51. Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities Using Hazardous Production Materials SEC. 51.101. Scope ........................................ 141 51.102. Definitions .................................... 141 51.103. Permits ...................................... 142 51.104. Sprinkler System Alarm ......................... 142 51.105. Fabrication Areas .............................. 142 51.106. Work Station Within the Fabrication Area............ 144 51.107. Storage and Dispensing of Hazardous Production Materials Within Fabrication Areas ................. 146 51.108. Handling of Hazardous Production Materials Within Exit Corridors ................................. 147 51.109. Handling of Hazardous Production Materials Within Service Corridors .............................. 149 51.110. Storage of Hazardous Production Materials .......... 149 Part VI —Special Equipment ARTICLE 61. Oil -burning Equipment SEC. 61.101. Scope ........................................ 154 61.102. Use of Approved Equipment ...................... 154 61.103. Design, Construction and Installation ............... 154 61.104. Electrical Wiring and Equipment .................. 154 61.105. Fuel Oil ...................................... 154 61.106. Portable Unvented Oil -burning Heating Appliances.... 154 ARTICLE 62. Industrial Baking and Drying Ovens SEC. 62.101. Scope ........................................ 155 62.102. Permits and Plans Required ....................... 155 62.103. Location and Construction ....................... 155 62.104. Ventilation .................................... 156 62.105. Safety Controls ................................ 156 ARTICLE 63. Mechanical Refrigeration SEC. 63.101. Scope ........................................ 157 63.102. Classifications ................................. 157 63.103. Permits ...................................... 158 63.104. Installation and Maintenance ..................... 158 63.105. Access ....................................... 158 63.106. Instructions ................................... 158 7M Page 63.107. Emergency Signs and Labels ..................... 158 63.108. Diffusion Systems .............................. 158 Part VII—Special Subjects ARTICLE 74. Compressed Gases DIVISION I. General Provisions ........................... 160 SEC. 74.101. Scope ........................................ 160 74.102. Definitions .................................... 160 74.103. Permits ...................................... 160 74.104. Storage Containers ............................. 160 74.105. Cylinder Systems for Compressed Gases ............ 160 74.106. Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites ............ 160 74.107. Storage and Use of Cylinders ..................... 161 74.108. General Safety Regulations ....................... 161 DIVISION 11. Medical ..................................... 161 SEC. 74.201. Scope ........................................ 161 74.202. Definitions .................................... 161 74.203. Cylinder Storage, Handling and Use ................ 161 74.204. Nonflammable Medical Gas System ................ 161 74.205. Pipe Distribution ............................... 165 74.206. Shutoff Valves ................................. 167 74.207. Station Outlets ................................. 168 74.208. Testing of Piping ............................... 168 74.209. Cross -connection Testing ........................ 169 74.210. Purging ...................................... 169 74.211. Warning Systems ............................... 169 74.212. Fire Protection ................................. 169 ARTICLE 75. Cryogenic Fluids DIVISION 1. General ..................................... 170 SEC. 75.101. Scope ........................................ 170 75.102. Definitions .................................... 170 75.103. Permits ...................................... 172 75.104. Approval of Containers, Equipment and Devices ...... 172 75.105. Electrical Equipment ............................ 172 75.106. Electrical Grounding or Bonding .................. 172 75.107. Warning Labels ................................ 172 75.108. Dispensing Areas .............................. 172 75.109. Fire Protection ................................. 173 DIVISION II. Containers .................................. 173 SEC. 75.201. Container Design, Construction and Testing.......... 173 75.202. Container Pressure -relief Devices .................. 173 75.203. Pressure -relief Vent Piping ....................... 174 75.204. Insulation ..................................... 174 75.205. Nameplate .................................... 174 DIVISION III. Storage ..................................... 174 SEC. 75.301. Installation of Aboveground Containers ............. 174 75.302. Drainage for Aboveground Containers .............. 175 75.303. Location of Aboveground Containers with Respect to Exposure ..................................... 175 xvii Page 75.304. Installation of Belowground Concrete Containers ..... 178 75.305. Installation of CryogenicIn-groundContainers ....... 178 75.306. Location of Belowground and In -ground Containers with Respect to Exposure ........................ 178 75.307. Location in Areas Containing Other Flammable Materials ..................................... 178 DIVISION IV. Piping, Process and Accessory Equipment at Manufacturing Facilities and Consumer Sites .. 179 SEC. 75.401. Piping, Materials and Construction ................. 179 75.402. Valves and Accessory Equipment .................. 179 DIVISION V. Handling, Loading and Unloading ............. 180 SEC. 75.501. Loading and Unloading Area ..................... 180 DIVISION VI. Transportation ............................... 180 SEC. 75.601. Containers, Tanks and Vessels .................... 180 75.602. Vehicles ...................................... 180 ARTICLE 76. Prevention of Dust Explosions SEC. 76.101. Definition .................................... 181 76.102. Permits ...................................... 181 76.103. General Requirements ........................... 181 ARTICLE 77. Explosives and Blasting Agents DIVISION I. General ..................................... 182 SEC. 77.101. Scope ........................................ 182 77.102. Exceptions .................................... 182 77.103. Definitions .................................... 182 77.104. Permits ...................................... 182 77.105. Bond Required ................................ 183 77.106. General Requirements ........................... 184 DIVISION II. Storage ..................................... 184 SEC. 77.201. Storage of Explosives ........................... 184 77.202. Gunpowder ................................... 189 77.203. Class Magazines .............................. 189 77.204. Class II Magazines ............................. 191 DIVISION III. Use, Handling and Transportation ............. 191 SEC. 77.301. Use and Handling of Explosives ................... 191 77.362. Transportation of Explosives ...................... 192 77.303. Explosives and Blasting Agents at Terminals ......... 194 77.304. Blasting Agents, General ........................ 195 77.305. Mixing Blasting Agents ......................... 105 77.306. Transportation of Blasting Agents .................. 196 77.307. Seizure of Explosives and Blasting Agents........... 196 DIVISION IV. Manufacturing, Assembling and Testing ....... 196 SEC. 77.401. Manufacturing, Assembling and Testing ............ 196 77.402. Plans of Plant .................................. 197 77.403. Training ...................................... 197 77.404. Emergency Procedure ........................... 197 77.405. Intraline Distance .............................. 197 xviii Page 77.406. Intraline Separation of Operating Building ........... 197 77.407. Operation —Buildings and Equipment .............. 198 77.408. Explosive Operations ........................... 199 77.409. Location of Explosive Detonations for Testing ........ 200 77.410. Disposal of Waste Explosives and Fireworks ......... 201 ARTICLE 78. Fireworks SEC. 78.101. Definition .................................... 202 78.102. Permits for Manufacturing, Sale and Discharge ....... 202 78.103. Bond for Fireworks Display Required ............... 202 78.104. Disposal of Unfired Fireworks .................... 202 78.105. Exception .................................... 202 78.106. Seizure of Fireworks ............................ 202 ARTICLE 79. Flammable and Combustible Liquids DIVISION I. General Provisions ........................... 203 SEC. 79.101. Scope ........................................ 203 79.102. Definitions .................................... 204 79.103. Permits ...................................... 205 79.104. Portable Tanks, Containers and Equipment .......... 205 79.105. Design and Construction of Tanks .................. 206 79.106. Change of Contents ............................. 207 79.107. Warning Labels ................................ 207 79.108. Warning Signs ................................. 207 79.109. Operating Heating, Lighting and Cooking Appliances.. 207 79.110. Unlawful Sales of Flammable Liquids .............. 207 79.111. Cleaning with Flammable Liquid .................. 207 79.112. Waste Petroleum Products and Flammable or Combustible Liquids ............................ 207 79.113. Sources of Ignition ............................. 208 79.114. Abandonment and Status of Tanks ................. 208 79.115. Fire Protection ................................. 208 DIVISION II. Container and Portable Tank Storage Inside Buildings ................................... 208 SEC. 79.201. General ...................................... 208 79.202. Inside Liquid Storage Room ...................... 212 79.203. Liquid Storage Rooms ........................... 212 79.204. Liquid Storage Warehouses ....................... 213 79.205. Fire Protection ................................. 214 DIVISION III. Stationary Tank Storage Inside Buildings ...... 224 SEC. 79.301. General ...................................... 224 79.302. Tank Connections .............................. 224 79.303. Fire Protection ................................. 227 DIVISION IV. Container and Portable Tank Storage Outside Buildings ................................... 228 SEC. 79.401. General ...................................... 228 79.402. Plans ........................................ 228 79.403. Location on Property ............................ 228 79.404. Container and Tank Storage Near Buildings on the Same Property ...................................... 230 79.405. Drainage ..................................... 230 79.406. Fencing and Maintenance ........................ 230 xix Page 79.407. Ignition Sources ............................... 230 79.408. Outside Dispensing ............................. 230 79.409. Empty Containers and Tanks Storage ............... 230 79.410. Fire Protection ................................. 231 DIVISION V. Stationary Tank Storage, Aboveground, Outside of Buildings ................................. 231 SEC. 79.501. Restricted Locations ............................ 231 79.502. Design and Construction of Tanks .................. 231 79.503. Location with Respect to Property Lines, Public Ways and Important Buildings on the Same Property ....... 231 79.504. Tank Marking ................................. 236 79.505. Spacing Between Adjacent Tanks .................. 237 79.506. Supports, Foundations and Anchorage .............. 238 79.507. Stairs, Platforms and Walkways ................... 238 79.508. Drainage Dikes and Walls for Aboveground Tanks..... 238 79.509. Tank Valves ................................... 240 79.510. Tank Connections .............................. 240 79.511. Fire Protection ................................. 246 DIVISION VI. Tank Storage Underground, Outside or Under Buildings ................................... 247 SEC. 79.601. General ...................................... 247 79.602. Design and Construction of Tanks .................. 248 79.603. Corrosion Protection ............................ 248 79.604..Tank Connections .............................. 248 79.605. Testing ....................................... 250 DIVISION VII. Piping, Valves and Fittings .................... 251 SEC. 79.701. Materials and Design ............................ 251 79.702. Protection Against Corrosion and Galvanic Action .... 251 79.703. Valves ....................................... 251 79.704. Supports ..................................... 252 79.705. Swing Joints .................................. 252 79.706. Pipe Joints .................................... 252 79.707. Bends ........................................ 252 79.708. Testing ....................................... 252 DIVISION Vill. Use, Dispensing and Mixing .................. 253 SEC. 79.801. Scope ........................................ 253 79.802. Inside Operations .............................. 253 79.803. Container -filling Facilities ........................ 254 79.804. Design and Construction of Inside Use, Dispensing and Mixing Room ................................. 254 79.805. Fire Protection ................................. 255 79.806. Dispensing Outside of Buildings ................... 255 79.807. Loading and Unloading Facilities .................. 256 79.808. Unloading Operations ........................... 259 DIVISION IX. Service Stations ............................. 260 SEC. 79.901. Scope ........................................ 260 79.902. Storage ...................................... 260 79.903. Dispensing Services ............................ 261 79.904. Pressure Delivery Service Stations ................. 264 79.905. Electrical Equipment ............................ 265 xx Page 79.906. Heating Equipment ............................. 268 79.907. Drainage and Waste Disposal ..................... 268 79.908. Fire Protection ................................. 268 79.909. Service Stations Located Inside Buildings ........... 269 79.910. Marine Service Stations ......................... 269 79.911. Fire Protection ................................. 272 79.912. Vapor Recovery ................................ 273 DIVISION X. Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids on Farms and Construction Projects........... 276 SEC. 79.1001. Scope ........................................ 276 79.1002. Permits ...................................... 276 79.1003. Combustibles and Open Flame Near Tanks........... 276 79.1004. Marking of Tanks and Containers .................. 276 79.1005. Electrical ..................................... 276 79.1006. Individual Containers of 60-Gallon or Less Capacity Each......................................... 277 79.1007. Permanent Tanks of 61- to 1100-Gallon Capacity and Temporary Tanks Not Exceeding 10,000-Gallon Capacity ..................................... 277 DIVISION XI. Well -drilling Operations ...................... 278 SEC. 79.1101. Scope ........................................ 278 79.1102. Permits ...................................... 278 79.1103. Location of Well ............................... 279 79.1104. Waste Control ................................. 279 79.1105. Sumps ....................................... 279 79.1106. Prevention of Blowouts .......................... 280 79.1107. Storage Tanks ................................. 280 79.1108. Soundproofing Material ......................... 280 79.1109. Smoking ..................................... 280 79.1110. Signs ........................................ 280 79.1111. Field Loading Racks ............................ 280 79.1112. Fire Protection ................................. 280 DIVISION XII. Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids ..................................... 280 SEC. 79.1201. Permits ...................................... 280 79.1202. Tank Vehicle Construction ....................... 280 79.1203. Full Trailers and Semitrailers ...................... 280 79.1204. Operation of Tank Vehicles ....................... 281 79.1205. Smoking Prohibited ............................. 282 79.1206. Parking and Garaging ........................... 282 79.1207. Fire Protection ................................. 283 DIVISION XIII. Industrial Plants ............................. 283 SEC. 79.1301. Scope ........................................ 283 79.1302. Construction .................................. 283 79.1303. Incidental Storage and Use of Liquids .............. 283 79.1304. Ventilation .................................... 283 79.1305. Ignition Sources ............................... 284 79.1306. Separation of Unstable Liquids .................... 284 79.1307. Drainage ..................................... 284 79.1308. Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading .... 284 79.1309. Electrical Equipment ............................ 284 xxl Page 79.1310. Repairs to Equipment ........................... 284 79.1311. Housekeeping ................................. 285 79.1312. Fire Protection ................................. 286 DIVISION XIV. Bulk Plants or Terminals ...................... 287 SEC. 79.1401. Scope ........................................ 287 79.1402. Buildings ..................................... 287 79.1403. Ventilation .................................... 287 79.1404. Storage ...................................... 288 79.1405. Loading and Unloading Facilities .................. 288 79.1406. Wharves ..................................... 288 79.1407. Electrical Equipment ............................ 290 79.1408. Ignition Sources ............................... 290 79.1409. Drainage and Waste Disposal ..................... 290 79.1410. Fire Protection ................................. 292 DIVISION XV. Chemical and Processing Plants .............. 292 SEC. 79.1501. Scope ........................................ 292 79.1502. Construction .................................. 293 79.1503. Location of Processing Vessel ..................... 293 79.1504. Drainage ..................................... 293 79.1505. Ventilation .................................... 293 79.1506. Explosion Relief ............................... 294 79.1507. Storage of Liquids .............................. 294 79.1508. Piping, Valves and Fittings ....................... 294 79.1509. Transfer ...................................... 294 79.1510. Equipment .................................... 294 79.1511. Loading and Unloading Facilities .................. 294 79.1512. Dispensing .................................... 294 79.1513. Ignition Sources ............................... 295 79.1514. Housekeeping ................................. 295 79.1515. Maintenance and Repair ......................... 295 79.1516. Electrical Equipment ............................ 295 79.1517. Fire Protection ................................. 295 DIVISION XVI. Refineries and Distilleries .................... 295 SEC. 79.1601. Scope ......................................... 295 79.1602. Locations ..................................... 296 79.1603. Manner of Storage .............................. 296 79.1604, Storage Tanks ................................. 296 79.1605. Pressure Vessels ............................... 296 79.1606. Location of Process Units ........................ 296 79.1607. Fence ........................................ 296 79.1608. Smoking ..................................... 296 79.1609. Waste Combustibles ............................ 296 79.1610. Fire Protection ................................. 296 DIVISION XVII. Transportation Pipelines ..................... 297 SEC. 79.1701. Permits ...................................... 297 DIVISION XVIII. Dry Cleaning with Flammable or Combustible Liquids ..................................... 296 SEC. 79.1801. Scope ........................................ 296 79.1802. Plant and System Classification ................... 296 79.1803. Permits ...................................... 296 XXII Page 79.1804. Solvents ...................................... 297 79.1805. Prohibited Liquids .............................. 298 79.1806. Occupancy Requirements ........................ 298 79.1807. Ventilation .................................... 299 79.1808. Heating Equipment ............................. 299 79.1809. Electrical Equipment and Lighting ................. 299 79.1810. Solvent Containers, Tanks and Transferring Equipment. 299 79.1811. Dry-cleaning Units ............................. 300 79.1812. Stills ........................................ 301 79.1813. Drying Tumblers and Cabinets .................... 301 79.1814. Bonding and Grounding ......................... 302 79.1815. Scouring, Brushing and Spotting .................. 302 79.1816. Fire Protection ................................. 302 79.1817. Smoking ..................................... 302 ARTICLE 80. Hazardous Materials SEC. 80.101. Scope ........................................ 303 80.102. Permits ...................................... 303 80.103. GeneralRequirements ........................... 303 80.104. Oxidizing Materials ............................. 304 80.105. Radioactive Materials ........................... 304 80.106. Reactive and Unstable Materials ................... 304 80.107. Highly Toxic Materials .......................... 306 80.108. Poisonous Gases ............................... 307 80.109. Storage Cabinets for Hazardous Materials ........... 307 80.110. Designation of Cargo ........................... 307 80.111. Identification of Aboveground Tanks and Vessels...... 308 ARTICLE 81. High -plied Combustible Stock SEC. 81.101. Scope ........................................ 309 81.102. Definitions .................................... 309 81.103. Permits ...................................... 309 81.104. Classification of Contents ........................ 309 81.105. Fire Protection ................................. 311 81.106. Automatic Fire -extinguishing Systems .............. 314 81.107. Smoke Venting and Removal ..................... 314 81.108. Aisles ........................................ 317 81.109. Access to Building ............................. 317 81.110. Small Hose Connections ......................... 317 81.111. High -rack Storage Systems ....................... 317 ARTICLE 82. Liquefied Petroleum Gases SEC. 82.101. Scope ........................................ 318 82.102. Permits and Reports of Installations ................ 318 82.103. Inspection of Installations ........................ 318 82.104. Installation of Equipment ........................ 318 82.105. Location of Containers .......................... 318 82.106. Parking and Garaging ........................... 319 82.107. Prohibited Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas .......... 319 82.108. Dispensing and Overfilling ....................... 319 82.109. Safety Devices ................................. 320 82.110. Smoking and Open -flame Devices ................. 320 82.111. Clearance of Combustibles ....................... 320 82.112. Abandonment of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Equipment . 320 82.113. Protecting Containers from Vehicles ................ 321 Page ARTICLE 83. Matches SEC. 83.101. Permits ...................................... 322 83.102. Wholesale Storage .............................. 322 83.103. Storage Not to Be Near Vertical Openings ........... 322 83.104. Match Bins Required ............................ 322 83.105. Storage by Retailers ............................ 322 ARTICLE 84. Motion Picture Projection SEC. 84.101. Scope ........................................ 323 84.102. Projection Room ............................... 323 84.103. Smoking ..................................... 323 84.104. Projection Equipment ........................... 323 84.105. Film Storage and Use ........................... 323 ARTICLE 85. Electrical SEC. 85.101. Scope ........................................ 324 85.102. Definitions .................................... 324 85.103. Use of Temporary Wiring ........................ 324 85.104. Abatement of Electrical Hazards ................... 325 85.105. Electrical Motors ............................... 325 85.106. Extension Cords ............................... 325 85.107. Multiplug Adaptors ............................. 325 85.108. Access ....................................... 325 85.109. Nonapproved Appliances ........................ 325 ARTICLE 86. Pesticides SEC. 86.101. Scope ......:................................. 326 86,102. General Requirements ........................... 326 86.103. Signs ........................................ 326 86.104. Fire Protection ................................. 327 86.105. Emergency Management ......................... 327 86.106. Display ...................................... 327 86.107. Storage Areas ................................. 327 86.108. Pesticides Stored as Compressed Gases ............. 327 ARTICLE 87. Fire Safety During Construction, Alteration, or Demolition of a Building SEC. 87.101. Scope ........................................ 328 87.102. Approval ..................................... 328 87.103. Fire Safety During Construction ................... 328 87.104. Alterations of Buildings ......................... 330 87.105. Fire Safety During Demolition .................... 330 Part VIII—Appendices DIVISION I. Regulations Applicable to Existing Buildings APP. I -A. Life Safety Requirements for Existing Buildings Other than High Rise ................................. 331 I-B. Life Safety Requirements for Existing High Rise ...... 335 I-C. Stairway Identification .......................... 338 DIVISION Il. Community Environmental Hazard Controls APP. II -A. Suppression and Control of Hazardous Fire Areas ..... 340 xxiv Page II-B. Protection of Flammable or Combustible Liquids in Tanks in Locations that May Be Flooded ............. 346 II-C. Marinas ...................................... 349 II-D. Rifle Ranges .................................. 351 DIVISION III. Fire Protection System APP. III -A. Testing Fire -extinguishing Systems, Standpipes and Combination Systems ........................... 352 III-B. Basement Pipe Inlets ............................ 355 III-C. Fire Alarm Systems ............................. 356 DIVISION IV. Flammable Floor Coverings APP. IV -A. Interior Floor Finish ............................ 361 DIVISION V. Standards APP. V-A. Nationally Recognized Standards of Good Practice .... 363 DIVISION VI. Informational APP. VI -A. Emergency Relief Venting for Fire Exposure for Aboveground Tanks ............................. 365 VI-B. Model Citation Program ......................... 370 VI-C. Reference Tables from the Uniform Building Code .... 382 VI-D. Unit Conversion Tables .......................... 393 INDEX......................................................... 397 xxv An ordinance adopting the Uniform Fire Code and Uniform Fire Code Standards prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion, providing for the issuance of permits for hazardous uses or operations, and establishing a bureau of fire prevention and providing officers therefor and defining their powers and duties Be it ordained by the Sec.1. ADOPTION OF UNIFORM FIRE CODE. There is hereby adopted by the for the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion, that certain Code and Standards known as the Uniform Fire Code, including Appendix Chapters (insert appropriate appendix chapters. See Uniform Fire Code Section 1.102 (c).], and the Uniform Fire Code Standards published by the Western Fire Chiefs Association and the International Conference of Building Officials, being particularly the 1985 edi- tions thereof and the whole thereof, save and except such portions as are hereinaf- ter deleted, modified or amended by Section 7 of this ordinance of which Code and Standards not less than three (3) copies have been and are now filed in the office of the clerk of the and the same are hereby adopted and incorporated as fully as if set out at length herein, and from the date on which this ordinance shall take effect, the provision thereof shall be controlling within the limits of the Sec. 2. ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES OF BUREAU OF FIRE PRE- VENTION. (a) The Uniform Fire Code shall be enforced by the bureau of fire prevention (or other designated agency) in the fire department of the which is hereby established and which shall be operated under the supervision of the chief of the fire department. (b) The chief (or fire marshal) in charge of the bureau of fire prevention (or other designated agency) shall be appointed by (name of appointing authority) on the basis of examination to determine his qualifications. (c) The chief of the fire department may detail such members of the fire department as inspectors as shall from time to time be necessary. The chief of the fire department shall recommend to the the employment of technical inspectors, who, when such authorization is made, shall be selected through an examination to determine their fitness for the position. The examination shall be open to members and nonmembers of the fire department, and appointments made after examination shall be for an indefinite term with removal only for cause. NOTE: The name of the proper administrative authority should be inserted in the blank space. xxvi Sec. 3. DEFINITIONS. (a) Wherever the word "jurisdiction" is used in the Uniform Fire Code, it is NOTE: The name of the state, county, city or town or fire district should be inserted. See Uniform Fire Code Section 9.112. Where the chief responsible for the enforcement of the Uniform Fire Code is given the title of "fire marshal," add the following definition: Wherever the words "chief of the bureau of fire prevention" are used they shall be held to mean "fire marshal." Sec. 4. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN OUTSIDE ABOVEGROUND TANKS IS PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 79.501 of the Uniform Fire Code in which the storage of flammable or combustible liquids is restricted are hereby established as follows: NOTE: These limits should include heavily populated and congested commercial areas. These limits should be detailed unless such limits are established by other regulations. It may be desirable in some jurisdictions to establish limitations based on quantities or classes of liquids or both. Sec. 5. ESTABLISHMENTS OF LIMITS IN WHICH STORAGE OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES IS TO BE RESTRICTED. The limits referred to in Section 82.105 (a) of the Uniform Fire Code, in which storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted, are hereby established as follows: NOTE: These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas. These limits should be detailed unless such limits have been established by other regulations. Sec. 6. ESTABLISHMENTS OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS IS TO BE PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 77.106 (b) of the Uniform Fire Code, in which storage of explosives and blasting agents is prohibited, are hereby established as follows: NOTE: These limits should include the principal business district, closely built commercial areas and heavily populated areas. These limits should be detailed unless such limits have been established by other regulations. See. 7. AMENDMENTS MADE IN THE UNIFORM FIRE CODE. The Uniform Fire Code is amended and changed in the following respects: Section paragraphs and are amended as follows: NOTE: Amendments deemed necessary should be inserted. Sections in the code dealing with subjects covered adequately by existing local or state laws may be cited as deleted. Sec. 8. APPEALS. Whenever the chief disapproves an application or refuses to grant a permit applied for, or when it is claimed that the provisions of the code do not apply or that the true intent and meaning of the code have been misconstrued or wrongly interpreted, the applicant may appeal from the decision of the chief to within 30 days from the date of the decision appealed. NOTE: Fill in body to which appeal should be made. See Uniform Fire Code Section 2.302. Sec. 9. NEW MATERIALS, PROCESSES OR OCCUPANCIES WHICH MAY REQUIRE PERMITS. The (administrator), the chief and the chief of the bureau of fire prevention shall act as a committee to determine and specify, after giving affected persons an opportunity to be heard, any new materials, processes or occupancies for which permits are required in addition to those now enumer- ated in said code. The chief of the bureau of fire prevention shall post such list in a conspicuous place in his office, and distribute copies thereof to interested persons. Sec. 10. PENALTIES. (a) Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this Code or Standards hereby adopted or fail to comply therewith, or who shall violate or fail to comply with any order made thereunder, or who shall build in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or plans submitted and approved thereunder, or any certificate or permit issued thereunder, and from which no appeal has been taken, or who shall fail to comply with such an order as affirmed or modified by the or by a court of competent jurisdiction, within the time fixed herein, shall severally for each and every such violation and noncompliance, respectively, be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than $ nor more than $ or by imprisonment for not less than days nor more than days or by both such fine and imprisonment. The imposition of one penalty for any violation shall not excuse the violation or permit it to continue; and all such persons shall be required to correct or remedy such violations or defects within a reasonable time; and when not otherwise specified, each ten days that prohibited conditions are maintained shall constitute a separate offense. (b) The application of the above penalty shall not be held to prevent the enforced removal of prohibited conditions. Sec. 11. REPEAL OF CONFLICTING ORDINANCES. All former ordinances or parts thereof conflicting or inconsistent with the provisions of this ordinance or of the Code or Standards hereby adopted are hereby repealed. NOTE: In some jurisdictions, reference to specific laws that are amended or repealed is preferred or may be required. Sec. 12. VALIDITY. The hereby declares that should any section, paragraph, sentence or word of this ordinance or of the xxvlll Code or Standards hereby adopted be declared for any reason to be invalid, it is the intent of that it would have passed all other portions of this ordinance independent of the elimination herefrom of any such portion as may be declared invalid. Sec. 13. DATE OF EFFECT. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after its approval as required by law. k o x� d� 0 XXIX 1985 EDITION 1.101-1.103 ADMINISTRATIVE ARTICLE 1 TITLE, INTENT AND SCOPE Title Sec. 1.101. This code shall be known as the UNIFORM FIRE CODE, may be cited as such, and will be referred to herein as "this code. " Intent Sec. 1.102. (a) It is the intent of this code to prescribe regulations consistent with nationally recognized good practice for the safeguarding to a reasonable degree of life and property from the hazards of fire and explosion arising from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the use or occupancy of buildings or premises. (b) Where no specific standards or requirements are specified in this code, or contained within other applicable laws (or adopted codes) or ordinances, compli- ance with the standards of the American Insurance Association, the National Fire Protection Association or other nationally recognized fire -safety standards as are approved by the chief shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance with this intent. (c) Whenever in this code reference is made to the appendix, the provisions in the appendix shall not apply unless specifically adopted. Scope Sec. 1.103. (a) The provisions of this code shall supplement any and all laws relating to fire safety and shall apply to all persons without restriction, unless specifically exempted. (b) The provisions of this code shall apply to existing conditions as well as to conditions arising after the adoption thereof, except that conditions legally in existence at the adoption of this code and not in strict compliance therewith shall be permitted to continue only if, in the opinion of the chief, they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property. (c) Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement for an individual occupancy, the specific requirement shall be applicable. 2.101-2.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 2 ORGANIZATION, AUTHORITY, DUTIES AND PROCEDURES Division I ORGANIZATION AND AUTHORITY Responsibility for Enforcement Sec. 2.101. The chief shall be responsible for the administration and enforce- ment of this code. Under his direction, the fire department shall enforce all ordinances of the jurisdiction pertaining to: (a) The prevention of fires. (b) The suppression or extinguishing of dangerous or hazardous fires. (c) The storage, use and handling of explosive, flammable, combustible, toxic, corrosive and other hazardous gaseous, solid and liquid materials. (d) The installation and maintenance of automatic, manual and other private fire alarm systems and fire -extinguishing equipment. (e) The maintenance and regulation of fire escapes. (f) The maintenance of fire protection and the elimination of fire hazards on land and. in buildings, structures and other property, including those under construction. (g) The means and adequacy of each exit in the event of fire, from factories, schools, hotels, lodging houses, asylums, hospitals, churches, halls, theaters, amphitheaters and all other places in which people work, live or congregate from time to time for any purpose. (h) The investigation of the cause, origin and circumstances of fire. Rules and Regulations . Sec. 2.102. The chief, with the approval of the administrator, is authorized to make and enforce such rules and regulations for the prevention and control of fires and fire hazards as may be necessary from time to time to carry out the intent of this code. Three certified copies of such rules and regulations shall be filed with the clerk of the jurisdiction and shall be in effect immediately thereafter and additional copies shall be kept in the office of the fire department for distribution to the public. Fire Prevention Bureau Sec. 2.103. A fire prevention bureau is established within the fire department under the direction of the fire chief, which shall consist of such fire department personnel as may be assigned thereto by the fire chief. The function of this bureau shall be to assist the fire chief in the administration and enforcement of the fire prevention provisions of this code. Fire Prevention Engineer or Fire Marshal Sec. 2.104. (a) The chief may designate a member of the fire department to 1985 EDITION 2.104-2.109 exercise the powers and perform the duties of fire prevention engineer as set forth in this code. He may also be known as fire marshal. (b) The chief of the fire department may detail to the bureau of fire prevention such members of the fire department as may from time to time be necessary. Authority of Fire Personnel to Exercise Powers of Police Officers Sec. 2.105. The chief and members of the fire prevention bureau shall have the powers of a police officer in performing their duties under this code. Authority of Police Personnel to Assist In Enforcing This Code Sec. 2.106. Whenever requested to do so by the chief, or his authorized representative, the chief of police shall assign such available police officers as in his discretion may be necessary to assist the fire department in enforcing the provisions of this code. Right of Entry Sec. 2.107. Whenever necessary to make an inspection to enforce any of the provisions of this code, or whenever the chief or his authorized representative has reasonable cause to believe that there exists in any building or upon any premises any condition which makes such building or premises unsafe, the chief or his authorized representative may enter such building or premises at all reasonable times to inspect the same or to perform any duty imposed upon the chief by this code, provided that if such building or premises be occupied, he shall first present proper credentials and demand entry; and if such building or premises be unoc- cupied, he shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the owner or other persons having charge or control of the building or premises and demand entry. If such entry is refused, the chief or his authorized representative shall have recourse to every remedy provided by law to secure entry. "Authorized representative" shall include the officers named in Sections 2.104, 2.105 and 2.106 of this code. If the owner or occupant denies entry, the chief or his authorized representative shall obtain a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure entry. No owner or occupant or any other persons having charge, care or control of any building or premises shall fail or neglect, after proper request is made as herein provided, to promptly permit entry therein by the chief or his authorized representative for the purpose of inspection and examination pursuant to this code. Liability for Damages Sec. 2.108. This code shall not be construed to hold the public entity or any officer or employee responsible for any damage to persons or property by reason of the inspection or reinspection authorized herein provided or by reason of the approval or disapproval of any equipment or process authorized herein, or for any action in connection with the control or extinguishment of any fire or in connec- tion with any other official duties. Validity Sec. 2.109. If any provision of this code or the application thereof to any person 2.109-2.204 UNIFORM FIRE CODE or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the code and'the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby. Division II DUTIES AND PROCEDURES Inspections and Unsafe Buildings Sec. 2.201. (a) The fire prevention bureau shall inspect, as often as may be necessary, all buildings and premises, including such other hazards or appliances as the chief may designate for the purpose of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any conditions which.would reasonably tend to cause fire or contribute to its spread, or any violation of the purpose or provisions of this code and of any other law or standard affecting fire safety. (b) All buildings or structures which are structurally unsafe or not provided with adequate egress, or which constitute a fire hazard or are otherwise dangerous to human life, or which in relation to existing use constitute a hazard to safety or health or public welfare, by reason of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, fire hazard, disaster damage or abandonment as specified in this code or any other effective ordinance, are, for the purpose of this section, unsafe buildings. All such unsafe buildings are hereby declared to be public nuisances and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or removal in accordance with the procedure specified in Chapters 4 through 9 of the Uniform Code for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings or by any other procedures provided by law. Investigations Sec. 2.202. (a) The fire department shall investigate promptly the cause, origin and circumstances of each and every fire occurring in the jurisdiction involving loss of life or injury to. person or destruction or damage to property and, if it appears to the bureau of investigation that such fire is of suspicious origin, they shall then take immediate charge of all physical evidence relating to the cause of « the fire and shall pursue the investigation to its conclusion. (b) The police department shall assist the fire department in its investigations whenever requested to do so, unless otherwise directed by the chief of police. Records and Reports Sec. 2.203. (a) The fire department shall keep a record of all fires occurring within its jurisdiction and of all facts concerning the same, including statistics as to the extent of such fires and the damage caused thereby, together with such other information as may be required by the chief. (b) The fire prevention bureau shall retain for not less than three years a record of each inspection and investigation made showing the cause, the findings and disposition of each such inspection or investigation. Orders, Notices and Tags Sec. 2.204. (a) Whenever the chief or his duly authorized representative shall 1985 EDITION 2.204-2.205 find in any building or on any premises combustible, hazardous or explosive materials or dangerous accumulations of rubbish; or unnecessary accumulations of wastepaper, boxes, shavings or any highly flammable materials which are so situated as to endanger life or property; or shall find obstructions to or on fire escapes, stairs, passageways, doors or windows that reasonably tend to interfere with the operations of the fire department or the egress of the occupants of such building or premises; or shall find that the effectiveness of any exit door, attic separation or any fire separation wall is reduced; or shall find that this code is being violated, he shall issue such orders as may be necessary for the enforcement of the fire prevention laws and ordinances governing the same and for the safeguarding of life and property from fire. (b) Whenever the chief or his duly authorized representative deems any chimney, smokestack, stove, oven, incinerator, furnace or other heating device, electric fixture or any appurtenance thereto, or anything regulated under a nationally approved standard in or upon any building, structure or premises not specifically mentioned in this code, to be defective or unsafe so as to create an immediate hazard, he shall serve upon the owner or the person having control of the property a written notice to repair or alter as necessary and shall notify any other authority enforcing codes regulating such equipment. He may affix a condemnation tag prohibiting the use thereof until such repairs or alterations are made. When affixed, such tag may be removed only by the order of the chief or his duly authorized representative and may be removed only when the hazard to which the order pertains has been eliminated in an approved manner. Until removed, that item or device which has caused the hazard shall not be used or be permitted to be used. When an apparent structural hazard is caused by the faulty installation, opera- tion or malfunction of any of the hereinabove mentioned items or devices, the chief shall immediately notify the building official who shall investigate such hazard and shall cause such hazard to be abated as required under the Building Code. (c) The chief may order the operation or use stopped, or the evacuation, of any premises, building or vehicle or portion thereof which has or is a fire hazard. (d) Every order or notice shall set forth a time limit for compliance dependent upon the hazard and danger created by the violation. Service of Orders and Notices See. 2.205. Any order or notice authorized or required by this code shall be given or served upon the owner, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation either by verbal notification, personal service, or by delivering the same to and leaving it with some person of suitable age and discretion upon the premises; or, if no such person is found on the premises, by affixing a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on the door to the entrance of said premises and by mailing a copy thereof to such person by registered or certified mail to his last known address. Orders or notices which are given verbally shall be confirmed by service in writing as herein provided. 2.301-2.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Division III SPECIAL PROCEDURES Alternate Materials and Methods Sec. 2.301. (a) The chief may modify any of the provisions of this code upon application in writing by the owner or lessee or his duly authorized representative where there are practical difficulties in the way of carrying out the strict letter of the code, provided that the spirit of the code shall be complied with, public safety secured and substantial justice done. The particulars of such modification shall be granted or allowed and the decision of the chief shall be entered upon the records of the department and a signed copy shall be furnished the applicant. (b) The chief on notice to the building department may approve any alternate material or method, provided he finds that the proposed design, use or operation satisfactorily complies with the intent of this code and that the material, method of work performed or operation is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety, provided, however, that any approval under the authority herein contained shall be subject to the approval of the building official whenever the alternate material or method involves matters regulated by the Building Code. (c) The chief may require tests as proof of compliance with the intent of this code, such tests to be made by an approved agency at the expense of the person requesting approval of the alternate material or method of construction. (d) If technical expertise is unavailable within the department because of new technology, process, products, facilities, materials and uses attending the design, operation or use of a building or premises subject to the inspection of the department, the chief may require the owner or the person in possession or control of the building or premises to provide, without charge to the department, a technical opinion and report. The opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire -safety specialty organization acceptable to the chief and the owner and shall analyze the fire -safety properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon, and prescribe the necessary recommended changes. Board of Appeals Sec. 2.302. In order to determine the suitability of alternate materials and type of construction and to provide for reasonable interpretations of the provisions of this code, there shall be and hereby is created a Board of Appeals consisting of five members who are qualified by experience and training to pass upon pertinent matters. The fire chief shall be an ex officio member and shall act as secretary of the board. The Board of Appeals shall be appointed by the executive body and shall hold office at their pleasure. The board shall adopt reasonable rules and regulations for conducting its investigations and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the fire chief, with a duplicate copy to the appellant, and may recommend to the executive body such new legislation as is consistent therewith. 1985 EDITION 2.303 Standards Sec. 2.303. (a) Uniform Fire Code Standards. The Uniform Fire Code Standards referenced in this code are those standards contained in the Uniform Fire Code Standards, 1985 edition, published by the Western Fire Chiefs Associa- tion and the International Conference of Building Officials listed below. The Uniform Building Code Standards published by the International Conference of Building Officials and referenced by this code are hereby declared to be part of this code as if set forth in full herein. UNIFORM FIRE CODE STANDARDS U.F.C. STD. AND SEC. NOS. TITLE ARTICLE 9 9-1;9.108 Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester. 9-2;9.108 Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester. 9-3; 9.108 Standard Method of Test for Flash Point of Aviation Tarbine Fuels by Setaflash Closed Tester. 9-4; 9.108 Standard Method of Test for Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed Tester. 9-5;9.124 Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method). 9-6; 9.108 and 79.201 (a) Standard Method of Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup. ARTICLE 10 10-1; 10.301, 10.303, 24.113, 30.104, 30.105, 45.209 (b), 45.307, 79.205 (a) and 79.807 (c) Selection, Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of Portable Fire Extinguishers. 10-2; 10.306 (c) and Appendix III C 4 Use of Sprinkler Alarm and Fire Alarm Systems. 7 2.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 24-1;24.121 and 24.201 Aircraft Fueling. ARTICLE 24 ARTICLE 62 62-1; 62.101 and 62.105 Industrial Processing Ovens or Furnaces. ARTICLE 74 74-1; 74.106 Industrial and Institutional Bulk Oxygen Systems. ARTICLE 79 79-1; 79.511 (c) Foam Fire Protection Systems. 79-2; 79.301 (d), 79.506 (c), 79.508 (c) and 79.510 (b) Fixed Water Spray Fire Protection Systems. 79-3; 9.110, 51.102, 79.504, 80.103, 80.111 and 86.103 (a) Identification of the Health, Flammability and Reactivity of Hazardous -Materials. 79-4; 24.201 (a) and 79.1202 Vehicles for Transporting Flammable or Combustible Liquids. 79-5; 79.104 (a) Portable Flammable or Combustible Liquid Tanks. ARTICLE 81 81-1; 81.101, 81.104, 81.106, 81.108 and 8 1. 110 High -piled General Storage of Combustibles in Buildings. 81-2; 79.203 (a), Table No. 79.200-D-3, 81.101, 81.104, 81.106, 81.108 and 81.110 High -piled Rack Storage of Combustibles in Buildings. ARTICLE 82 82-1; 82.104 and 82.105 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage and Use. 82-2;82.104 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Utility Plants 1985 EDITION 2.303 (b) Recognized Standards. Whenever this code is inapplicable for any reason to any situation involving the protection of persons and property from the hazards of fire and explosion, the materials, methods of construction, installations, practices or operations necessary to provide such protection shall, to a reasonable degree, be in accordance with nationally recognized and accepted standards, principles and tests and generally recognized and well -established methods of fire prevention and control. The following standards are intended for use as a guide in the design, fabrication, testing and use of equipment regulated by this code. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018 ANSI STANDARDS ANSI A13.1 Identification of Piping Systems, Scheme for the, 1975 ANSI B31 Guide ANSI B31.1 Power Piping 1980 ANSI B31.2 Fuel Gas Piping 1968 ANSI B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping 1980 ANSUASME B31.4 Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping System 1979 ANSI B31.5 Refrigeration Piping 1974 ANSI B31.5a Refrigeration Piping 1978 ANSI B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems 1975 AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE 2101 "L" Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 API STANDARDS 12-B Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids, 12th Edition, January, 1977 620 Recommended Rules for Design and Construction of Large Welded, Low Pressure Storage Tanks, June, 1978 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, 6th Edition, 1979 12-D Specification for Field Large Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids, 8th Edition, January, 1977 12-F Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids, 7th Edition, January, 1977 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks, 2nd Edition, December, 1973 1615 Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage Systems, 1979 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 ASTM STANDARDS ASTM D 3435-78 Plastic Containers for Petroleum Products ASTM D 5-78 Penetration of Bituminous Materials ASTM A 395-74 Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures ASTM D 4021-81 Standard Specification for Glass -Fiber -Reinforced Polyes- ter Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks 2.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017 ASME STANDARDS ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I. Power Boilers 1980 Section VIII. Pressure Vessels, Divisions 1 or 2, 1980 ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS; Bureau of Explosives 1920 "L" Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 AAR CIRCULAR 17-E Tank Car Loading Racks, October 30, 1978 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062 UL STANDARDS UL 25 Meters for Flammable and Combustible Liquids and LP Gas, June 25, 1979 UL 30 Metal Safety Cans, March 15, 1977 UL 58 Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, October 29, 1976 UL 79 Power Operated Pumps for Petroleum Products Dispensing Systems, June 25, 1975 UL 80 Standard for Steel Inside Tanks for Oil -burner Fuel, July 14, 1980. UL 87 Power Operated Dispensing Devices for Petroleum Products, Novem- ber 3, 1980 UL 142 Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combusti- ble Liquids, December, 1972 UL 330 Gasoline Hose, August 21, 1978 UL 525 Flame Arresters for Use of Vents of Storage Tanks for Petroleum Oil and Gasoline, August 25, 1980 UL 842 Valves for Flammable Liquids, 1980 UL 1316 Glass -Fiber -Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products, 1983. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA REGULATIONS Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Chapter 1 (Department of Transporta- tion Regulations) 10 1986 EDITION 3.101-3.104 ARTICLE 3 COMPLIANCE WITH ORDERS AND NOTICES Unlawful Continuance of Fire Hazard Sec. 3.101. Any person operating or maintaining any occupancy, premises or vehicle subject to this code who shall permit any fire hazard to exist on premises under his control or who shall fail to take immediate action to abate a fire hazard when ordered or notifed to do so by the chief or his duly authorized representative shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Compliance with Order or Notice Sec. 3.102. Any order or notice issued or served as provided in this code shall ., be complied with by the owner, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation to which the order or notice pertains. In cases of extreme ; danger to persons or property immediate compliance shall be required. If the a `- building or other premises is owned by one person and occupied by another, under lease or otherwise, and the order or notice requires additions or changes in the ` building or premises such as would immediately become real estate and be the property of the owner of the building or premises, such order or notice shall be complied with by the owner unless the owner and occupant have otherwise agreed between themselves, in which event the occupant shall comply. Compliance with Condemnation Tag Sec. 3.103. A building, premises or thing shall not be used when in violation of this code as noted on a tag affixed under Section 2.204. Removal or Destruction of Signs or Tags Sec. 3.104. A sign or tag posted or affixed by the chief or his authorized representative shall not be mutilated, destroyed or removed without authority to do so. 11 4.101 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 4 PERMITS Permit Required Sec. 4.101. A permit shall be obtained from the bureau of fire prevention prior to engaging in the following activities, operations, practices or functions: 1. Aircraft refueling vehicles. To operate aircraft refueling vehicles. See Section 24.201. 2. Aircraft repair hangar. To use any structure as an aircraft hangar for the purpose of servicing or repairing aircraft. See Section 24.102. 3. Automobile wrecking yard. To operate an automobile wrecking yard. See Article 34. 4. Bonfires or rubbish fires. To kindle or authorize the kindling or mainte- nance of bonfires or rubbish fires. See Section 11.101. 5. Bowling pin or alley refinishing. To conduct a bowling pin refinishing or bowling alley resurfacing operation involving the use and application of flam- mable liquids or materials. See Article 26. 6. Burning in public place. To ignite or burn waste material on publicly owned or controlled land, bridge, street or other public place which has not been set aside by public authority for such purpose. See Section 11.113. 7. Candles and open flames in assembly areas. To use open flame or candles in connection with assembly areas or restaurants' dining or drinking establishments. For definition of Assembly, see Section 9.103. See Section 25.116 for open flame and candles. 8. Cellulose nitrate storage. To store or handle more than 25 pounds of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) for the manufacturing or assembly of articles or parts of articles containing cellulose nitrate plastics (pyroxylin). See Article 27. 9. Combustible fiber storage. To store or handle combustible fibers in quantities in excess of 100 cubic feet. See Article 28. 10. Compressed gases, flammable. To store, handle or use at normal tem- peratures and pressures more than 2500 cubic feet of flammable compressed gas or 6000 cubic feet of nonflammable compressed gas. See Article 74. Also see permits for "Cryogens" and "Hazardous Materials." 11. Combustible material storage. To store more than 2500 cubic feet gross volume of combustible empty packing cases, boxes, barrels or similar containers, or rubber or cork, or other similarly combustible material. See Section 11.203. 12. Cryogens. Except where federal or state regulations apply and except for fuel systems of the vehicle, permits are required to produce, store or handle cryogenic fluids in excess of the following amounts: TYPE OF CRYOGEN INSIDE BUILDING OUTSIDE BUILDING Flammable " Over 1 gallon 60 gallons Oxidizer (includes oxygen) 50 gallons 50 gallons Corrosive or highly toxic Over 1 gallon Over 1 gallon Nonflammable 60 gallons 500 gallons 12 1985 EDITION 4.101 13. Dry cleaning plants. To engage in the business of dry cleaning or to change to a more hazardous cleaning solvent. Such permits shall prescribe the class of system to be used. See Article 36 and Sections 79.1803 and 79.1804. 14. Dust -producing operations. To operate a grain elevator, flour starch mill, feed mill, or plant pulverizing aluminum, coal, coca, magnesium, spices, sugar or other material producing dusts as defined in Section 76.101. 15. Explosives or blasting agents. For permits for explosives or blasting agents, see Section 77.104. 16. Fireworks. For permits for fireworks, see Article 78. 17. Flammable or combustible liquid pipeline operation and excavation. To use or operate a pipeline for the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids or to excavate or do any work below grade within 10 feet of any such pipeline. See Section 79.1701. 18. Flammable or combustible liquids and tanks. A. To store, handle or use Class I liquids in excess of 5 gallons in a building or in excess of 10 gallons outside of any building, except that a permit is not required for the following: a o (i) The storage or use of Class I liquids in the fuel tank of a motor vehicle, o aircraft, motorboat, mobile power plant or mobile heating plant, unless such storage, in the opinion of the chief, would cause an unsafe condition. (ii) The storage or use of paints, oils, varnishes or similar flammable mixtures when such liquids are stored for maintenance, painting or similar purposes for a period of not more than 30 days. B. To store, handle or use Class II or Class III -A liquids in excess of 25 gallons in a building or in excess of 60 gallons outside a building, except for fuel oil used in connection with oil -burning equipment. C. To remove Class I or Class II liquids from an underground storage tank used for fueling motor vehicles by any means other than the approved, stationary on - site pumps normally used for dispensing purposes. D. To install, alter or operate equipment in connection with the storage, handling, use or sale of flammable or combustible liquids regulated under Article 79. E. To install, alter, remove, abandon, place temporarily out of service or otherwise dispose of any flammable or combustible liquid tank. See Article 79. F. To change the type of contents stored in any flammable or combustible liquid tank to a material other than that for which the tank was designed and constructed. 19. Fruit ripening. To ripen fruit by the process described in Section 46.101. 20. Fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. To operate a business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. Also to maintain a room, vault or chamber in which a toxic flammable fumigant is used. See Article 47. 21. Garages. To use any structure as a place of business for repairing motor vehicles. See Article 29. 22. Hazardous materials. To store, transport or handle more than 55 gallons of corrosive liquids or more than 500 pounds of oxidizing materials or more than 10 pounds of organic peroxides or more than 500 pounds of nitromethane or 1000 13 4.101 UNIFORM FIRE CODE pounds or more of ammonia nitrate, ammonia nitrate fertilizers and fertilizer mixtures covered by Section 80.106 (d); or any amount of highly toxic materials, pyrophoric materials, hypergolic materials, cryogenic or poisonous gases. See Article 80. 23. Hazardous production materials. To store, handle or use hazardous production material regulated by Article 51 in excess of the quantities listed in Table No. 9-A of the Building Code. 24. Highly toxic pesticides. To store any amount of highly toxic pesticides. See Article 80. 25. High -piled combustible storage. To use any building or portion thereof exceeding 2500 square feet for the storage of high -piled combustible stock. A floor plan showing the dimensions and location of the stockpiles and aisles shall be submitted with applications for such permits. See Article 81. 26. Junk yards. To operate a wrecking yard, junk or waste material handling plant. See Article 34. 27. Liquefied petroleum gases. Except for portable containers of less than 120 gallons water capacity to install or maintain any LP gas container or operate any tank vehicle which is used for the transportation of LP gas. Where a single container or the aggregate capacity of interconnected containers is over 1200 gallons water capacity, the installer shall submit plans for such permits. See Article 82. 28. Lumber yards. To store lumber in excess of 100,000 board feet. See Article 30. 29. Magnesium working. To melt, cast, heat treat or grind more than 10 pounds of magnesium per working day. See Article 48. 30. Mall, covered. To use a covered mall in the following manner: A. Placing or constructing temporary kiosks, display booths, concession equipment or the like in the mall. B. To use the mall as a place of assembly. C. To use open -flame or flame -producing devices. D. To display any liquid or gas -fueled powered equipment. E. To use liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and compressed flammable gas. See Article 35. 31. Matches. To manufacture matches or to store matches exceeding an aggregate 60 matchman's gross (14,400 each gross). See Article 83. 32. Nitrate film. To store, handle, use or display nitrate film. See Article 33. 33. Oil and natural gas wells. To drill, own, operate or maintain an oil or natural gas well. Each oil and natural gas well permit shall be valid for the calendar year for which it is issued. See Section 79.1101. 34. Open burning. See Bonfires. 35. Open -flame devices in marinas. See Section 11.410. A. To use open -flame devices for maintenance or repair of boats, slips or wharves. 14 1985 EDITION 4.101-4.102 B. To use a portable barbecue, brazier or cooking device on any boat, slip or wharf. 36. Organic coatings. To manufacture more than one gallon of organic coatings in a working day. See Article 50. 37. Ovens, industrial baking or drying. To operate an industrial baking or drying oven regulated by this code. See Article 62. 38. Parade floats. To use a parade float for public performance, presentation, spectacle, entertainment or parade. See Section 11.208. 39. Places of assembly. To operate a place of assembly as defined in Article 9. 40. Radioactive materials. To store or handle at any installation more than 1 microcurie of radioactive material not contained in a field source or more than 1 millicurie of radioactive material in a sealed source or sources, or any amount of radioactive material for which a specific license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is required. See Article 80. 41. Refrigeration equipment. To install or operate a mechanical refrigeration unit or system. See Article 63. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Air, water or brine systems. 2. All units and systems utilizing Group 1 refrigerants with a refrigerant com- pressor or horsepower rating of less than 100. 42. Spraying or dipping. To operate a spraying or dipping enterprise utilizing flammable liquids included within the scope of Article 45. See Section 45.101. 43. Tank vehicles. To operate a tank vehicle for the transportation of flam- mable or combustible liquids. See Article 79, Division XII. 44. Tents and air -supported structures. To erect or operate a tent or air - supported structure covering an area in excess of 200 square feet unless such structures are used exclusively for camping. See Article 32. 45. Tire recapping. To operate tire recapping or rebuilding plants. See Article 31. 46. Waste material handling plant. To operate a waste material handling plant. See Article 34. 47. Welding and cutting operations. To conduct welding and/or cutting operations in any occupancy. See Article 49. Conditions of Permits Sec. 4.102. (a) A permit shall constitute permission to maintain, store, use or handle materials, or to conduct processes which produce conditions hazardous to life or property, or to install equipment used in connection with such activities. Such permission shall not be construed as authority to violate, cancel or set aside any of the provisions of this code. Such permit shall not take the place of any license required by law. (b) A permit issued under this code shall continue until revoked or for such a period of time as designated therein at the time of issuance. It shall not be transferable and any change in use, occupancy, operation or ownership shall require a new permit. 15 4.102-4.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (c) All permits issued under this code shall be presumed to contain the proviso that the applicant, his agents and employees shall carry out the proposed activity in compliance with all the requirements of this code and any other laws or regulations applicable thereto, whether specified or not, and in complete accor- dance with the approved plans and specifications. Any permit which purports to sanction a violation of this code or any applicable law or regulation shall be void and any approval of plans and specifications in the issuance of such permit shall likewise be void. Application for Permit Sec. 4.103. All applications for a permit required by this code shall be made to the bureau of fire prevention in such form and detail as it shall prescribe. Applications for permits shall be accompanied by such plans as required by the bureau. Inspection Required Sec. 4.104. Before a permit may be issued, the chief or his authorized representative shall inspect and approve the receptacles, vehicles, buildings, devices, premises, storage spaces or areas to be used. In instances where laws or regulations are enforceable by departments other than the fire department, joint approval shall be obtained from all departments concerned. Retention of Permits Sec. 4.105. Permits shall at all times be kept on the premises designated therein and shall at all times be subject to inspection by an officer of the fire or police department or other authorized persons. Permits for the Same Location Sec. 4.106. Whenever, under the provisions of this code, more than one permit is required for the same location, such permits may be consolidated into a single permit. Revocation of Permits Sec. 4.107. Any permit issued under this code may be suspended or revoked when it is determined after a hearing by the chief that: (a) It is used by a person other than the person to whom the permit was issued. (b) It is used for a location other than that for which it was issued. (c) Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit have been violated. (d) The permittee fails, refuses or neglects to comply with any order or notice duly served upon him under the provisions of this code within the time provided therein. (e) There has been any false statement or misrepresentation as to a material fact in the application or plans on which the permit or application was based. 16 1985 EDITION 9.101-9.103 PART H DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARTICLE 9 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS General Provisions Sec. 9.101. (a) Amendments. Whenever a reference is made to any portion of this code or any other applicable law or ordinance, the reference applies to all amendments and additions now or hereafter made. (b) Tenses. The present tense includes the past and future tenses and the future, the past. (c) Gender. The masculine gender includes the feminine and neuter. (d) Number. The singular number includes the plural and the plural the a s singular. a ; Definitions �Q a a Sec. 9.102. For the purpose of this code certain words and phrases are defined a a and certain provisions shall be construed as herein set forth, unless it is apparent from the context a different meaning is intended. tt Sec. 9.103. AAR shall mean Association of American Railroads. AEROSOL (Flammable) is a material which is dispensed from its container as a mist, spray or foam by propellant under pressure and which is required to be labeled "flammable" under the U.S. Federal Hazardous Substances Act. AGA shall mean American Gas Association. AIA shall mean American Insurance Association. ANSI shall mean American National Standards Institute. API shall mean American Petroleum Institute. ASHRAE shall mean American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air - Conditioning Engineers. ASME shall mean American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASTM shall mean American Society for Testing and Materials. ADMINISTRATOR shall mean the executive officer of the jurisdictional area. AIR -SUPPORTED STRUCTURE is any structure constructed of lightweight fabric or film or any combination thereof which derives its sole support and stability from internal inflation pressure. ALTER AND ALTERATION is any change, addition or modification in construction or occupancy. APARTMENT HOUSE is any building, or portion thereof, which contains B 17 9.103-9.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1 three or more dwelling units and, for the purposes of the code, includes residential B condominiums. APPROVED refers to approval by the chief as the result of investigation and tests conducted by him or by reason of accepted principles or tests by national authorities, technical or scientific organizations. AREA shall mean a particular extent of surface. (Also see Floor Area.) ASPHALT KETTLE is any vessel or container used to process, heat, hold for heating or dispense flammable or combustible roofing materials that are in liquid form or will take that form as a result of being exposed to such vessel or container. B ASSEMBLY is the gathering together of 50 or more persons for'such purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, worship, entertainment, amusement, in B drinking or dining establishments, or awaiting transportation. ATMOSPHERIC TANK is a storage tank which has been designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 psig. a ATRIUM is an opening through two or more floor levels other than enclosed stairways, elevators, hoistways, escalators, plumbing, electrical, air-conditioning B or other equipment, which is closed at the top and not defined as a mall. i AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM is a system which automatically detects a fire condition and actuates a fire alarm signal device. AUTOMATIC FIRE CHECK is a device listed for installation in commu- nicating piping carrying an explosive vapor/air mixture to prevent a flashback from reaching the underground tanks or equipment in the piping system. These devices shall be equipped with special elements for arresting the explosion wave which may be already established in a pipe. These devices shall contain an automatically operated shutoff valve to stop flow of vapor/air mixture in event of a flashback and continued burning at the arrester element. The shutoff valve shall be capable of a manual reset. s AUTOMATIC FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM is an approved system of devices and equipment which automatically detects a fire and discharges an B approved fire -extinguishing agent onto or in the area of a fire. B I Sec. 9.104. BALCONY, EXTERIOR EXIT, is a landing or porch projecting B from the wall of a building and which serves as an exit. The long side shall be at least 50 percent open, and the open area above the guardrail shall be so distributed B as to prevent the accumulation of smoke or toxic ases. I p g. BARREL shall mean a volume of 42 U. S. gallons. BASEMENT is any floor level below the B first story in a building, except that a floor level in a building hav ing only one floor level shall be classified as a B basement unless such floor level qualifies as a first story as defined in the Building Code. BELOWGROUND CONTAINER is a storage installation in which the maxi- mum liquid level in the container is below the surrounding grade or below a backfill berm, which is at least 10 feet wide at the top and then slopes away from 18 1985 EDITION 9.104 the container at a natural angle of repose or is retained 10 feet from the container by a retaining wall and constructed of earth, concrete, solid masonry or suitable material designed to prevent the escape of liquid. BLASTING AGENT is any material or mixture consisting of a fuel and oxidizer intended for blasting, not otherwise classified as an explosive, in which none of the ingredients is classified as explosives, provided that the finished product as mixed and packaged for use or shipment cannot be detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined. Materials or mixtures classified as nitrocarbonitrates by the Department of Transportation regulations shall be included in this definition. BLASTING CAP is a shell closed at one end and containing a charge of detonating compound which is ignited by a safety fuse. It is used for detonating explosives. BLEACHERS are seating facilities without backrests in which an area of 3 I square feet or less is assigned per person for computing the occupant load. B BOILING POINT is the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 14.7 psia. Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the material in question, or for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, for purposes of this classi- fication, the 10 percent point of a distillation performed in accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products ASTM D 86-72 may be used as the boiling point of the liquid. BOILOVER is the expulsion of crude oil (or certain other liquids) from a burning tank in which the light fractions of the crude oil burn off, producing a heat wave in the residue which, on reaching a water strata, may result in the expulsion of a portion of the contents of the tank in the form of a froth. Btu shall mean British thermal unit —the heat necessary to raise the tempera- ture of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. BUILDING is any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any B use or occupancy. BUILDING CODE —see Uniform Building Code. BUILDING OFFICIAL is the official of the jurisdiction charged with the administration of the Building Code. B BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM is an assembly of equipment, such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, safety devices, vaporizers, manifolds and interconnecting piping, which has a storage capacity at normal temperature and pressure of: 1. More than 12,000 cubic feet of oxygen connected in service or ready for service, or 2. More than 25,000 cubic feet of oxygen, including unconnected reserve on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen system terminates at the point where oxygen at service pressure first enters the supply line. The oxygen may be stored as a liquid or gas in either stationary or portable containers. 19 9.104-9.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL is that portion of a property where flam- mable or combustible liquids are received by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car or tank vehicle and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle, portable tank or container. BULLET RESISTANT is a material and construction method capable of preventing penetration of a 180-grain, 30-caliber, soft -nose, hunting -type bullet when propelled at a maximum velocity of 2700 feet per second. BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION is the fire prevention bureau of the jurisdiction. C Sec. 9.105. CGA is the Compressed Gas Association. CARGO TANK is any container having a liquid capacity in excess of 120 gallons used for the carrying of flammable or combustible liquids, LP gas, or hazardous chemicals and mounted permanently or otherwise upon a tank vehicle. The term "cargo tank" does not apply to any container used solely for the purpose of supplying fuel for propulsion of the vehicle upon which it is mounted. CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (PYROXYLIN) is any plastic sub- stance, material or compound, other than cellulose nitrate film covered by Article 33 or guncotton or other explosive covered by Article 77, having cellulose nitrate as a base, or whatever name known, when in the form of blocks, slabs, sheets, tubes or fabricated shapes. For requirements, see Article 27. CENTRAL SUPPLY is that portion of the system which normally supplies the piping systems. CHEMICAL PLANT See Article 79. CHIEF OR CHIEF OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT is the chief officer of the fire department serving the jurisdiction, or his authorized representative. CHIEF ENGINEER is the chief. CHIEF OF POLICE OR POLICE DEPARTMENT is the chief law enforce- ment officer of the jurisdiction or his authorized representative. CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION is the head of the fire prevention bureau. CLOSED CONTAINER is a container so sealed by means of a lid or other device that liquid, vapor or dusts will not escape from it under ordinary conditions of use or handling. COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS are readily ignitable and free -burning fibers, such as cotton, sisal, henequen, ixtle, jute, hemp, tow, cocoa fiber, oakum, baled waste, baled wastepaper, kapok, hay, straw, excelsior, Spanish moss and other like materials. COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE BIN is a metal or metal -lined con- tainer with a capacity not exceeding 100 cubic feet and equipped with a self - closing cover. COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE ROOMS are rooms with a capacity not exceeding 500 cubic feet separated from the remainder of the building by a 20 1985 EDITION 9.105 one -hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, PROTECTED, is a room with a capacity exceeding 1000 cubic feet separated from the remainder of the building by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code and provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system. COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, UNPROTECTED, is a room with a capacity not exceeding 1000 cubic feet separated from the remainder of the building by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code and provided with approved safety vents to the outside. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID is a liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F. Combustible liquids shall be subdivided as follows: Class II liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 100°F. and below 140°F. Class III -A liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 140°F. and below 200'R Class III-B liquids shall include those liquids having flash points at or above 2000E COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATTER shall mean magazines, books, trim- mings from lawns, trees, flower gardens, pasteboard boxes, rags, paper, straw, sawdust, packing material, shavings, boxes and all rubbish and refuse that will ignite through contact with flames of ordinary temperatures. COMMODITY is the combination of product, packing material and container. COMPRESSED GAS is any mixture or material having in the container either an absolute pressure exceeding 40 pounds per square inch at 70°F. , or an absolute pressure exceeding 104 pounds per square inch at 130°F, or both; or any liquid flammable material having a vapor pressure as defined in Section 9.124 exceed- ing 40 pounds per square inch at 100°F. CONDENSATE TANK. See Article 79. CONTAINER. See Article 79. CONVERSION OIL BURNER is a burner for field installation in heating appliances such as boilers and furnaces. It may be furnished with or without a primary safety control. Under special circustances it may be installed for firing ovens, water heaters, ranges, special furnaces and the like. A burner of this type may be a pressure atomizing gun type, a horizontal or vertical rotary type or a mechanical or natural draft vaporizing type. CONVERSION RANGE OIL BURNER is an oil burner designed to burn kerosene, range oil or similar fuel. This burner is intended primarily for installa- tion only in a stove or range, a portion or all of which originally was designed for the utilization of solid fuel and which is flue -connected. CORROSIVE LIQUIDS are those liquids which, when in contact with living tissue, will cause destruction or irreversible alteration of such tissue by chemical action. Examples include acid, alkaline or caustic materials. CRUDE PETROLEUM is hydrocarbon mixtures that have a flash point below 150°F. and which have not been processed in a refinery. 21 9.105-9.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS are those fluids that have a normal boiling point below—150°F. (See Table No. 75.102-B). CRYOGENIC IN -GROUND CONTAINER is a container in which the maximum liquid level is below the normal surrounding grade and is constructed essentially of natural materials such as earth and rock and dependent upon the freezing of water -saturated earth materials for its tightness or impervious nature. CRYOGENIC VESSEL is any pressure vessel, low-pressure tank or atmospheric tank designed to contain a cryogenic fluid on which venting, insula- tion, refrigeration or a combination of these is used in order to maintain the operating pressure within the design pressure and the contents in a liquid phase. D Sec. 9.106. DECORATIVE MATERIALS are materials such as curtains, draperies, streamers, surface coverings applied over the building interior finish for decorative, acoustical or other effect, and also cloth, cotton batting, straw, vines, leaves, trees and moss used for decorative effect, but they shall not include floor coverings, ordinary window shades nor materials ''/ao of an inch or less in thickness applied directly to and adhering tightly to a base. DESIGNATED HIGH -PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE AREA is that area within a building which is designed, intended, proposed or actually used for such storage. DETONATING CORD is a flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives which when detonated will have sufficient strength to detonate other cap -sensitive explosives with which it is in contact. DETONATOR is a component (such as a blasting cap or an electric blasting cap) in an explosive train which is capable of initiating detonation in a subsequent high explosive component. DIP TANK is a tank, vat or container of flammable or combustible liquid in which articles or materials are immersed for the purpose of coating, finishing, treating or similar processes. DISPENSING is the pouring or transferring of any material from a container, tank or similar vessel whereby vapors, dusts, fumes, mists or gases may be liberated to the atmosphere. DISPERSAL AREA, SAFE, is an area which will accommodate a number of persons equal to the total capacity of the stand and building which if serves such that a person within the area will not be closer than 50 feet from the stand or building. Dispersal area capacity shall be determined by allowing 3 square feet of net clear area per person. D.I.S.S. DIAMETER INDEX SAFETY SYSTEM is the system outlined in Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet V-5. DISTILLERY is a plant or that portion of a plant where liquids produced by fermentation are concentrated and where the concentrated products may also be mixed, stored or packaged. DRY CLEANING is the process of removing dirt, grease, paints and other stains from wearing apparel, textiles, fabrics, rugs or other material by the use of nonaqueous liquids (solvents), and it shall include the process of dyeing clothes or 22 1985 EDITION 9.106-9.108 other fabrics or textiles in a solution of dye colors and nonaqueous liquid solvents. DUST is pulverized particles which, if mixed with air in the proper propor- tions, become explosive and may be ignited by a flame or a spark or other source of ignition. DWELLING is any building or portion thereof which contains not more than two dwelling units. DWELLING UNIT is any building or portion thereof which contains living facilities, including provisions for sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation as required by the Building Code, for not more than one family. E Sec. 9.107. ELECTRICAL CODE is the National Electrical Code promul- gated by the National Fire Protection Association, as adopted by this jurisdiction. ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP is a shell containing a charge of detonating compound designed to be fired by an electric current. ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED is a container holding powder coating material which is aerated from below so as to form an air -supported expanded cloud of such material which is electrically charged with a charge opposite to the charge of the object to be coated. Such object is transported through the container immediately above the charged and aerated materials in order to be coated. EXECUTIVE BODY is the governing body of the jurisdiction adopting this code. EXIT is a continuous and unobstructed means of egress to a public way, and shall include aisles, intervening doors, doorways, corridors, exterior exit bal- conies, ramps, stairways, smokeproof enclosures, horizontal exits, exit passage- ways, exit courts and yards. EXIT COURT is a yard or court providing egress to a public way for one or more required exits. EXIT PASSAGEWAY is an enclosed means of egress connecting a required exit or exit court with a public way. EXPLOSIVE is any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that is com- monly used or intended for the purpose of producing an explosion, that contains any oxidizing and combustible units or other ingredients in such proportions, quantities, or packing, that an ignition by fire, by friction, by concussion, by percussion or by detonator of any part of the compound or mixture may cause such a sudden generation of highly heated gases that the resultant gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on contiguous objects or of destroying life and limb. F Sec. 9.108. FABRICATION AREA. See Article 51. FIRE APPARATUS is a vehicle such as a fire pumper, aerial ladder truck, elevated platform, rescue squad or similar fire -fighting or rescue equipment. FIRE APPLIANCE is apparatus or equipment provided or installed for use in the event of an emergency. 23 9.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE FIRE ASSEMBLY is the assembly of a fire door, fire window or fire damper, including all required hardware, anchorage, frames and sills. FIRE BARRIER is a line or barricade designed to keep unauthorized persons out of the area of a fire. FIRE DEPARTMENT is any regularly organized fire department, fire protec- tion district or fire company regularly charged with the responsibility of providing fire protection to the jurisdiction. FIRE DEPARTMENT HOSE CONNECTION is a connection through which the fire department can pump water. FIRE DOOR is a fire -resistive door approved for openings in fire separations. FIRE HAZARD is any thing or act which increases or may cause an increase of the hazard or menace of fire to a greater degree than that customarily recog- nized as normal by persons in the public service regularly engaged in preventing, suppressing or extinguishing fire; or which may obstruct, delay, hinder or inter- fere with the operations of the fire department or the egress of occupants in the event of fire. FIRE NUISANCE is any thing or any act which is annoying, unpleasant, offensive or obnoxious because of fire. FIRE POINT is the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are evolved fast enough to support continuous combustion as determined by U.F.C. Standard No. 9-6. FIRE -RESISTIVE or FIRE -RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION is con- struction to resist the spread of fire, details of which may be specified in the Building Code of the jurisdiction. FIRE -RESISTIVE RATING is the time that the material or construction will withstand the standard fire exposure as determined by a fire test made in con- formity with the standard methods of fire tests of buildings, construction and materials in the U.B.C. Standards. FIRE SEPARATION is construction of rated fire resistance or the mainte- nance of clear area to resist the spread of fire. FIREWORKS is any combustible or explosive composition, or any substance or combination of substances, or device prepared for the purpose of producing a visible or an audible effect by combustion, explosion, deflagration or detonation, and shall include blank cartridges, toy pistols, toy cannons, toy canes or toy guns in which explosives are used, firecrackers, torpedoes, sky -rockets, Roman can- dles, Daygo bombs, sparklers or other devices of like construction and any devices containing any explosive or flammable compound, or any tablet or other device containing an explosive substance, except that the term "fireworks" shall not include any auto flares, paper caps containing not in excess of an average of twenty-five hundredths of a grain of explosive content per cap and toy pistols, toy canes, toy guns or other devices for use of such caps, the sale and use of which shall be permitted at all times. FLAME ARRESTER is a device approved for installation in piping which carries a flammable vapor/air mixture to prevent a flashback beyond the point of 24 1985 EDITION 9.108 installation. Flame arresters installed under this definition shall be installed only in such location specifically approved by the listing agency. FLAME RETARDANT is any approved chemical, chemical compound or mixture which when applied in an approved manner to any fabric or other material will render such fabric or material incapable of supporting combustion. FLAMMABLE ANESTHETIC is a compressed gas which is flammable and administered as an anesthetic and shall include among others, cyclopropane, divinyl ether, ethyl chloride, ethyl ether and ethylene. FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS are those cryogenic fluids which are flammable in their vapor state. FLAMMABLE GAS is a gas which is flammable in mixture of 13 percent or less (by volume) with air, or the flammable range with air is wider than 12 percent, regardless of the lower limit. FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS is a liquefied compressed gas which under the charged pressure is partially liquid at a temperature of 70°F. and which is flammable. FLAMMABLE LIQUID is any liquid having a flash point below 100°F. and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch (absolute) at 100°F. Class I liquids shall include those having flash points below 100°F. and may be subdivided as follows: Class I -A shall include those having flash points below 73°F. and having a boiling point below 100°F. Class I-B shall include those having flash points below 73°F. and having a boiling point at or above 100°F. Class I-C shall include those having flash points at or above 73°F and below 100°F. FLAMMABLE MATERIAL is (1) any material that will readily ignite from common sources of heat; (2) any material that will ignite at a temperature of 600°F. or less. FLAMMABLE SOLID is a solid substance, other than one classified as an explosive, which is liable to cause fires through friction, through absorption of moisture, through spontaneous chemical changes or as a result of retained heat from the manufacturing or processing. FLASH POINT is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapors in sufficient concentrations to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid within the vessel as specified by appropriate test procedures and apparatus as follows: The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity less than 5.82 centistokes (cSt) at 100°F. and a flash point below 200°F. shall be determined in accordance with U.F.C. Standard,No. 9-1. The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity of 5.82 centistokes (cSt) or more at 100°F. or a flash point of 200°F. or higher shall be determined in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 9-2. 25 9.108-9.109 UNIFORM FIRE CODE As an alternate, U.F.C. Standard No. 9-3 may be used for testing aviation turbine fuels within the scope of this procedure. As an alternate, U.F.C. Standard No. 9-4 may be used for paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes and related products and their components having flash points between 32°F. and 230°F. and having a viscosity lower than 150 stokes at 77°F. FLOOR AREA is the area included within the surrounding exterior walls of a building or portion thereof, exclusive of vent shafts and courts. The floor area of a building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. FLUIDIZED BED is a container holding powder coating material which is aerated from below so as to form an air -supported expanded cloud of such material through which the preheated object to be coated is immersed and transported. FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING is a structure that is used for tiered seating of persons and whose overall shape and size may be reduced, without being dismantled, for purposes of moving or storing. FOOTBOARDS are that part of a raised seating facility other than an aisle or cross aisle upon which the occupant walks to reach a seat. FUEL BREAK is a strip or block of land on which the vegetation has been permanently modified so that fires burning into it will not propagate across it. FUEL OIL is kerosene or any hydrocarbon oil conforming to nationally recognized standards and having a flash point not less than 100'E FUMIGANT is any substance which by itself or in combination with any other substance emits or liberates a gas, fume or vapor used for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, vermin, germs, rodents or other pests and shall be distinguished from insecticides and disinfectants. FUMIGATION is the use of any substance which emits or liberates a gas, fume or vapor used for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, vermin, germs, rodents or other pests, and shall be distinguished from insecticides and disinfectants. G s Sec. 9.109. GARAGE is a building or portion thereof in which a motor vehicle containing flammable or combustible liquids or gas in its tank is stored, repaired B or kept. I GARAGE, PRIVATE, is a building or a portion of a building not more than B 1000 square feet in area in which only motor vehicles used by the tenants of the I building or buildings on the premises are stored or kept. (See Section 1101, B Uniform Building Code.) GARAGE, PUBLIC, is any garage other than a private garage. GRANDSTANDS are tiered or stepped seating facilities wherein an area of B more than 3 square feet is provided for each person. I GUEST is any person hiring or occupying a room for living or sleeping s purposes. 26 1985 EDITION 9.109-9.110 GUNPOWDER is any of various powders used in firearms and small arms ammunition as propelling charges. H Sec. 9.110. HANDLING is the deliberate transport of material by any means to a point of storage or use. HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL REACTION is any reaction which generates pressure or by-products which may cause injury, illness or harm to humans, domestic animals, livestock or wildlife. HAZARDOUS FIRE AREA is any land which is covered with grass, grain, brush or forest, whether privately or publicly owned, which is so situated or is of such inaccessible location that a fire originating upon such land would present an abnormally difficult job of suppression or would result in great and unusual damage through fire or resulting erosion. Hazardous fire areas shall be designated by the chief on a map. This map shall be maintained in the office of the chief. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS shall include such materials as flammable solids, corrosive liquids, radioactive materials, oxidizing materials, highly toxic materials, poisonous gases, reactive materials, unstable materials, hypergolic materials and pyrophoric materials as defined in Article 9 and any substance or mixture of substances which is an irritant, a strong sensitizer or which generates pressure through exposure to heat, decomposition or other means. HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). See Article 51. HPM STORAGE ROOM. See Article 51. HPM STORAGE ROOM, INSIDE. See Article 51. HAZARDOUS WATERSHED FIRE AREA is any location within 500 feet of any forest, brush, grass or grain -covered land, exclusive of small individual lots or parcels of land located outside of a brush, forest or grass -covered area. HEATING AND COOKING APPLIANCE is any electric, gas or oil -fired appliance not intended for central heating. HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIAL is any substance which falls within any of the following categories: 1. Produces death within 14 days in half or more than half of a group of 10 or more laboratory white rats, each weighing between 200 and 300 grams, at a single dose of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight, when orally administered. 2. Produces death within 14 days in half or more than half of a group of 10 or more laboratory white rats, each weighing between 200 and 300 grams, when inhaled continuously for a period of one hour or less at an atmospheric concentration of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor or two milligrams per liter by volume or less of mist or dust. 3. Produces death within 14 days in half or more than half of a group of 10 or more rabbits tested in a dosage of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight, when administered by continuous contact with the bare skin for 24 hours or less. Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such as water, may not 27 9.110-9.111 UNIFORM FIRE CODE warrant a classification of highly toxic. While this system is basically simple in application, any hazard evaluation which is required for the precise categorization of this type of material shall be performed by experienced, technically competent persons. HIGHLY TOXIC PESTICIDE is any pesticide which is required by federal regulation to bear a skull and crossbones and be labeled with the word "poison." HIGH -PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE is combustible materials in closely packed piles more than 15 feet in height or combustible materials on pallets or in racks more than 12 feet in height. For certain special -hazard commodities such as rubber tires, plastics, some flammable liquids, idle pallets, etc., the critical pile height may be as low as 6 feet. HIGH -RACK STORAGE SYSTEMS are those systems that have storage over 40 feet in height, the placement of racks is such that aisles are not provided as required by Section 81.108, stock handling is automated, and the rack storage area has no occupant load. HIGHWAY is any public street or public road. a HORIZONTAL EXIT is an exit from one building into another building on approximately the same level, or through or around a wall constructed as required B in the Building Code for a two-hour occupancy separation and which completely divides a floor into two or more separate areas so as to establish an area of refuge B affording safety from fire or smoke coming from the area from which escape is I made. B HOTEL is any building containing six or more guest rooms intended or I designed to be used, or which are used, rented or hired out to be occupied, or B which are occupied for sleeping purposes by guests. I HYPERGOLIC MATERIALS are any materials which are capable of ignit- ing spontaneously upon contact with another substance. Sec. 9.111. I.C.C. CONTAINER is any container approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission for shipping any liquid, gaseous or solid material of flammable, toxic or other hazardous nature. I.M.E. is the Institute of Makers of Explosives. INCINERATOR is a structure, or portion thereof, container, device or other appliance designed, used or intended to be used for the disposal of combustible rubbish by burning. INHABITED BUILDING is a building regularly occupied in whole or in part as a habitation for human beings, or any church, school, railway passenger station, store, airport terminal for passengers, or any other building or structure where people are accustomed to congregate or assemble, but excluding any building or structure occupied in connection with the manufacture, transporta- tion, storage and use of explosives and blasting agents. INSIDE USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOM. See Article 79. 28 1985 EDITION 9.112-9.115 Sec. 9.112. JURISDICTION is any state, county, city or town, or district or other political subdivision adopting this code for use within its boundaries. JURISDICTIONAL AREA is the territory of the state, county, city or district adopting this code. K Sec. 9.113. (No definitions.) L Sec. 9.114. LABELED is equipment or material to which has been attached a label, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing labora- tory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or mate- rials, and by whose labeling is indicated compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP GAS) is any material which is com- posed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons or mixtures of them: pro- pane, propylene, butane (normal butane or isobutane) and butylenes. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS EQUIPMENT is all containers, appara- tus, piping (not including utility distribution piping systems) and equipment pertinent to the storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gas. Gas -consuming appliances shall not be considered as being liquefied petroleum gas equipment. LIQUID is a material which has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt when tested in accordance with approved standards. See Section 2.303 (b). When not otherwise identified, the term "liquid" is both flammable and combustible liquids. LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. See Article 79. LIQUID STORAGE ROOM, INSIDE. See Article 79. LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. See Article 79. LISTED is equipment or materials included on a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials, and whose listing states that equipment or materials meets nationally recognized standards and has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. LODGING HOUSE is any building or portion thereof containing not more than five guest rooms where rent is paid in money, goods, labor or otherwise. LOW-PRESSURE TANK is a storage tank designed to withstand an internal pressure of above 0.5 psig but not more than 15 psig. M Sec. 9.115. MAGAZINE is any building or structure used for the storage of explosives. 29 9.115-9.117 UNIFORM FIRE CODE MAGNESIUM is the pure metal and alloys of which the major part is magnesium. M.C.A. is the Manufacturing Chemists Association. MECHANICAL CODE. See Uniform Mechanical Code. MERCANTILE OCCUPANCY is the occupancy or use of a building or structure or any portion thereof for displaying, selling or buying of goods, wares or merchandise. N Sec. 9.116. NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. NONCOMBUSTIBLE as applied to building construction material means a material which, in the form in which it is used, is either one of the following: 1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when subjected to fire. Any material conforming to U.B.C. Standard No. 4-1 shall be considered noncombustible within the meaning of this section. 2. Material having a structural base of noncombustible material as defined in Item No. 1 above, with a surfacing material not over 1/8-inch thick which has a flame -spread rating of 50 or less. "Noncombustible" does not apply to surface finish materials. Material required to be noncombustible for reduced clearances to flues, heating appliances or other sources of high temperature shall refer to material conforming to Item No. 1. No material shall be classed as noncombustible which is subject to increase in combustibility or flame -spread rating beyond the limits herein established, through the effects of age, moisture or other atmospheric condition. Flame -spread rating as used herein refers to rating obtained according to tests conducted as specified in U.B.C. Standard No. 42-1. NONFLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS is a compressed gas which is non- flammable and used for therapeutic purposes and shall include, among others, oxygen and nitrous oxide. O Sec. 9.117. OCCUPANCY is the purpose for which a building or part thereof is used or intended to be used. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purpose of this code, certain occupancies are defined as follows: Group A Occupancies: Division 1. Any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of 1000 or more in the building. Division 2. Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of less than 1000 and a stage. Division 2.1. Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of 300 or more without a stage, including such buildings used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group B, Division 2 Occupancy. 30 1985 EDITION 9.117 Division 3. Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of less than 300 without a stage, including such buildings used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group B , Division 2 Occupancy. Division 4. Stadiums, reviewing stands and amusement park structures not included within Group A Occupancies. Group B Occupancies: Division 1. Gasoline service stations, garages where no repair work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding or the use of Class I, II or lIl-A liquids. Division 2. Drinking and dining establishments having an occupant load of less than 50, wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, printing plants, munici- pal police and fire stations, factories and workshops using materials not highly flammable or combustible, storage and sales rooms for combustible goods, paint stores without bulk handling. Buildings or portions of buildings having rooms used for educational purposes beyond the 12th grade with less than 50 occupants in any room. Division 3. Aircraft hangars where no repair work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flames, welding or the use of Class I or II flammable liquids. Open parking garages. Heliports. Division 4. Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, creameries. Factories and workshops using noncombustible and nonexplosive materials. Storage and sales rooms containing only noncombustible and nonexplosive materials that are not packaged or crated in or supported by combustible material. Group E Occupancies: Division 1. Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by 50 or more persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one day. Division 2. Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by less than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one day. Division 3. Any building used for day care purposes for more than six children. Group H Occupancies: Division 1. Storage, handling, use or sale of hazardous and highly flammable or explosive materials other than Class I, II or III -A liquids. EXCEPTION: The storage, handling, use or sale of hazardous materials or chemicals that do not exceed the quantities listed in Table No. 9-A of the Building Code are permitted in other occupancies, provided the storage, handling, use or sale of such hazardous materials or chemicals is in compliance with this code. Division 2. Storage, handling, use or sale of Class I, Class II and Class 111-A 31 9.117 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B dry-cleaning plants using Class I, II or III -A liquids; paint stores with B I bulk handling; paint shops and spray -painting rooms and shops. B EXCEPTION: The storage, handling, use or sale of liquids in quantities that do not exceed those set forth in Table No. 9-A of the Building Code are permitted in B other occupancies, provided the storage, handling, use or sale is in compliance with the provisions of this code. B Division 3. Woodworking establishments, planing mills, box factories, buff - I ing rooms for tire rebuilding plants and picking rooms; shops, factories or B warehouses where loose combustible fibers or dust are manufactured, processed, I generated or stored and pin refinishing rooms. B Division 4. Repair garages not classified as a Group B, Division 1 Occupancy. Division 5. Aircraft repair hangars. Division 6. Semiconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and B development areas when the facilities in which hazardous production materials I are used are designed and constructed in accordance with Section 911 and when B storage, handling and use of hazardous materials is in accordance with this code. IEXCEPTION: The specified uses need not be classified as a Group H, Division B 6 Occupancy when the quantities of hazardous materials do not exceed those listed Iin Table No. 9-A, provided the storage, handling and use are in compliance with this B code. I Group I Occupancies: Division 1. Nurseries for the full-time care of children under the age of six (each accommodating more than five persons). BB Hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with nonambulatory patients and simi- lar buildings (each accommodating more than five persons). Division 2. Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for children six B years of age or over (each accommodating more than five persons). I Division 3. Mental hospitals, mental sanitariums, jails, reformatories and B buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained. I EXCEPTION: Group I Occupancies shall not include buildings used only for B private residential purposes or for a family group. BGroup M Occupancies: I Division 1. Private garages, sheds and agricultural buildings when not over B 1000 square feet in area. I Division 2. Fences, tanks and towers. BB Group R Occupancies: Division 1. Hotels and apartments. Convents and monasteries (each accom- I modating more than 10 persons). B Division 2. Not used. Division 3. Dwellings and lodging houses. OIL -BURNING EQUIPMENT is an oil burner of any type together with its tank, piping, wiring, controls and related devices and shall include all oil burners, oil -fired units and heating and cooking appliances but exclude those exempted by Section 61.101. 32 1985 EDITION 9.117-9.118 OIL -FIRED UNIT is a heating appliance equipped with one or more oil burners and all the necessary safety controls, electrical equipment and related equipment manufactured for assembly as a complete unit. This definition does not include kerosene stoves or oil stoves. OPEN-AIR GRANDSTANDS and BLEACHERS are seating facilities which are located so that the side toward which the audience faces is unroofed and without an enclosing wall. OPERATING LINE is a group of separated operating buildings of specific arrangement used in the assembly, modification, reconditioning, renovation, maintenance, inspection, surveillance, testing or manufacturing of explosives. ORGANIC COATING is a liquid mixture of binders such as alkyd, nitro- cellulose, acrylic or oil and flammable and combustible solvents such as hydro- carbon, ester, ketone or alcohol, which when spread in a thin film converts to a durable protective and decorative finish. OWNER includes his duly authorized agent or attorney, a purchaser, devisee, fiduciary and a person having vested or contingent interest in the property in question. OXIDIZING MATERIAL is a material which will decompose readily to yield oxygen when heated or may react readily with other chemicals and include, but is not limited to, the following: chlorates, perchlorates, bromates, peroxides, nitric acid, nitrates, nitrites, permanganates, bromine, chlorine, fluorine and iodine. P Sec. 9.118. PANIC HARDWARE is a door -latching assembly incorporating an unlatching device, the activation portion of which extends across at least one half the width of the door leaf on which it is installed. PARADE FLOAT is a unit especially designed or constructed for use in conjunction with a parade or public gathering. PERMANENT STANDS are those seating facilities which remain at a loca- tion for more than 90 days. PERSON is a natural person, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, and also includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its or their successors or assigns, or the agent of any of the aforesaid. PERSON, AMBULATORY, is one who is capable of leaving a fire area within a reasonable length of time without assistance of any kind in event of an emergency. PERSON, NONAMBULATORY, is one who is incapable of leaving a fire area within a reasonable length of time without assistance in event of an emergency. PESTICIDE is any substance or mixture of substances, including fungicides, intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant. Products defined as drugs in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act are exempt. 33 9.118-9.120 UNIFORM FIRE CODE PIPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM is a central supply system with control- ling equipment and a system of piping extending to one or more points where liquids or gases are used and a suitable station outlet valve is located at each use point. PLUMBING CODE is the Uniform Plumbing Code promulgated by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials as adopted by this jurisdiction. POISONOUS GAS is any gas of such nature that a small amount of the gas when mixed with air is dangerous to life. PORTABLE TANK is any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S. gallons and not intended for fixed installation. PRESSURE DELIVERY SYSTEM or REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM is any method of transferring flammable or combustible liquids from underground storage tanks to the fuel tanks of motor vehicles whenever the pump is located elsewhere than in the dispenser. PRESSURE VESSEL is any closed vessel designed to operate at pressures above 15 psig. PRIVATE STAIRWAY is a stairway serving one tenant only. PROCESSING PLANT is that portion of a property in which flammable or combustible liquids or materials are mixed, heated, separated or otherwise pro- cessed as principal business, but shall not include plants defined herein as refineries. PUBLIC CONVEYANCE is any railroad car, street car, cab, bus, airplane or other vehicle which is carrying passengers for hire. PUBLIC NUISANCE is the existence of dry and drying weeds, rubbish and waste material on property, lands or premises which are dangerous or injurious to that or neighboring property, lands or premises and which are detrimental to the welfare of the occupants or residents of the vicinity. PUBLIC WAY is any street, alley or similar parcel of land essentially unob- structed from the ground to the sky which is deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and having a clear width of not less than 10 feet. PYROPHORIC MATERIALS are any materials which are capable of spon- taneous ignition upon exposure to dry or moist air. 0 Sec. 9.119. (No definitions.) R Sec. 9.120. RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL is any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation. RAILWAY is any steam, electric or other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire. REACTIVE MATERIALS are those materials which can enter into a haz- 34 1985 EDITION 9.120-9.121 ardous chemical reaction with other stable or unstable materials. REFINERY is a plant in which flammable or combustible liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or other hydrocar- bon sources. REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM. See Pressure Delivery System. REPAIR is the reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance. REVIEWING STANDS are elevated platforms accommodating not more than 50 persons. Seating facilities, if provided, are normally in the nature of loose chairs. Reviewing stands accommodating more than 50 persons shall be regulated as grandstands. ROOM. See Liquid Storage Room; Liquid Storage Room, Inside; Inside Use, Dispensing and Mixing Room. S Sec. 9.121. SAFE DISPERSAL AREA. See Dispersal Area, Safe. SAFETY CAN is an approved container of not over 5-gallon capacity having a spring -closing lid and spout cover. SAFETY FACTOR is the ratio of the design burst pressure to the maximum working pressure and shall be not less than four. SECURE is safe from intrusion or contained separately to prevent mixing with other materials. SEGREGATED is storage in the same area but physically separated from other materials by adequate space, walls or partitions and in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES. See definition for occupancy classification Group H, Division 6. SERVICE CORRIDOR. See Article 51. SERVICE STATION, AIRCRAFT, is that portion of an airport or heliport where flammable or combustible liquids used as aircraft fuel are stored and dispensed from fixed automotive -type dispensing equipment into fuel tanks of an aircraft and shall include all facilities essential thereto. SERVICE STATION, AUTOMOTIVE, is that portion of property where flammable or combustible liquids or gases used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and shall include the sale and service of tires, batteries and accessories and minor automo- tive maintenance work. SERVICE STATION, MARINE, is that portion of property where flam- mable, combustible liquids or gases used as fuel for watercraft are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, floats or barges into the fuel tanks of watercraft and shall include all other facilities used in connection therewith. SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION is any shotgun, rifle, pistol or revolver cartridges. 35 9.121 UNIFORM FIRE CODE SMOKING is the carrying or use of lighted pipe, cigar, cigarette or tobacco in any form. SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE is any explosive power - pack containing an explosive charge in the form of a cartridge or construction device. The term includes but is not limited to explosive rivets, explosive bolts, explosive charges for driving pins or studs, cartridges for explosive -actuated power tools and charges of explosives used in jet tapping of open-hearth furnaces and jet perforation of oil well casings. SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL HIGH -EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS are sheets, extrusions, pellets and packages of high explosives containing dynamite, trin- itrotoluol, penaerythritoltetranitrate, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine or other simi- lar compounds used for high -energy -rate forming, expanding and shaping in metal fabrication and for dismemberment and quick reduction of scrap metal. SPRAY BOOTH is a power ventilated structure of varying dimensions and construction provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying operation and to confine and limit the escape of spray vapor and residue and to exhaust it safely. SPRAYING AREA is any area in which dangerous quantities of flammable vapors or combustible residues, dusts or deposits are present due to the operation of spraying processes. The chief may define the limits of the spraying area in any specific case. SPRAYING ROOMS are rooms designed to accommodate spraying opera- tions and shall comply with the Building Code requirements for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy. SQUIB -ELECTRIC is a device similar in appearance to an electric blasting cap which, upon activation by an electric current, produces a deflagration instead of a detonation. STANDPIPE SYSTEM is a wet or dry system of piping, valves, outlets and related equipment designed to provide water at specified pressures and installed exclusively for the fighting of fires and classified as follows: Class I is a dry standpipe system without a directly connected water supply and equipped with 21/2-inch outlets for use by the fire department or trained personnel. Class II is a wet standpipe system directly connected to a water supply and equipped with 1'/2-inch outlets intended for use by the building occupants. Class III is a combination standpipe system directly connected to a water supply and equipped with both 1'/2-inch outlets for use by the building occupants and 2'/2-inch outlets for use by the fire department or trained personnel. Combined System is a system of water piping which serves 2'/2-inch hose outlets for use by the fire department and also supplies water to fire sprinklers. STREET is any thoroughfare or public way not less than 16 feet in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use. STRUCTURE is that which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind or any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner. 36 1985 EDITION 9.121-9.123 SWING JOINT is one of the following: 1. Extractor -type foot valve housing with either a street elbow or a nipple and an elbow. 2. An elbow and a street elbow. 3. Two elbows and a nipple not over 6 inches long. (Note: Due to structural weakness a "close" nipple shall not be permitted.) SYSTEM is any assembly of any equipment consisting of the container or containers, appurtenances, pumps, compressors and connecting piping. T Sec. 9.122. TANK is a vessel containing more than 60 gallons. TANK VEHICLE is any vehicle other than railroad tank cars and boats, with a cargo tank mounted thereon or built as an integral part thereof used for the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids, LP gas, or hazardous chemi- cals. Tank vehicles include self-propelled vehicles and full trailers and semi- trailers with or without motive power and carrying part or all of the load. TEMPORARY SEATING FACILITIES are those which are intended for use at a location for not more than 90 days. TENT is any structure, enclosure or shelter constructed of canvas or pliable material supported by any manner except by air or the contents it protects. TEST BLASTING CAP NO.8 is one containing two grams of a mixture of 80 percent mercury fulminate and 20 percent potassium chlorate or a cap of equiv- alent strength. THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING is the use of insecticidal liquids which are passed through thermal -fog -generating units where they are, by means of heat, pressure and turbulence, transformed and discharged in the form of fog or mist that is blown into the area to be treated. u Sec. 9.123. U.L. Inc. is the Underwriters Laboratories Inc. U.S.B.M. is the United States Bureau of Mines. UNIFORM BUILDING CODE is the Uniform Building Code promulgated by the International Conference of Building Officials, as adopted by this jurisdiction. U.F.C. STANDARDS is the 1985 edition of the Uniform Fire Code Standards jointly promulgated by the Western Fire Chiefs Association and the International Conference of Building Officials. UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE is the Uniform Mechanical Code jointly promulgated by the International Conference of Building Officials, and the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, as adopted by this jurisdiction. UNSTABLE (Reactive) LIQUID is a liquid which in a pure state or as commercially produced or transported will vigorously polymerize, decompose, 37 9.123-9.128 UNIFORM FIRE CODE condense or will become self -reactive under conditions of shock, pressure or temperature. See also definition of "liquid." UNSTABLE MATERIALS are those materials, other than explosives, which in the pure state or as commercially produced will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense or become self -reactive and undergo other violent chemi- cal changes, including explosion, when exposed to heat, friction or shock, or in the absence of an inhibitor or in the presence of contaminants or in contact with noncompatible materials. V Sec. 9.124. VAPOR AREA is any area containing quantities of flammable vapors. The chief may determine the extent of the vapor area, taking into consideration the characteristics of the liquid, the degree of sustained ventilation and the nature of the operations. VAPOR BALANCE SYSTEM is a system designed to capture and retain, without processing, vapors displaced during the filling of tanks and containers or during the fueling of vehicles. VAPOR PRESSURE is the pressure measured in pounds per square inch (absolute) exerted by a volatile fluid as determined by U.F.C. Standard No. 9-5. VAPOR -PROCESSING SYSTEM is a system designed to capture and pro- cess vapors displaced during filling operations at service stations, bulk plants or terminals by use of mechanical and/or chemical means. Examples are systems using blower -assist for capturing vapors and refrigeration absorption and combus- tion systems for processing vapors. VAPOR -PROCESSING UNIT is the actual vapor -processing equipment in one contiguous unit in an isolated or separated area. The term "vapor -processing unit" shall not include such items as in -line flame arresters, in -line fire checks, pressure vacuum valves, in -line check valves or flow regulators at the dispenser. VAPOR -RECOVERY SYSTEM is a system designed to capture and retain, without processing, vapors displaced during filling operations at service stations, bulk plans or terminals. Examples are balanced -pressure vapor displacement systems and vacuum -assist systems without vapor processing. VAPOR TRANSFER EQUIPMENT is the components of a vapor -process- ing system, a vapor balance system, or other approved system which is designed to capture, transfer and prevent emissions of vapors or liquids displaced during filling of tanks or containers or during the fueling of vehicles. Examples are the vapor/liquid-dispensing nozzle, vapor transfer lines, and tank vents. W Sec. 9.125. WAREHOUSE. See liquid storage warehouse. X—Sec. 9.126. (No definitions.) Y—Sec. 9.127. (No definitions.) Z—Sec. 9.128. (No definitions.) 38 1985 EDITION 10.101-10.201 rr7WIM GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR FIRE SAFETY ARTICLE 10 FIRE PROTECTION Division I OPERATIONS AT FIRES OR OTHER EMERGENCIES Authority at Fires and Other Emergencies Sec. 10.101.The chief and his authorized representatives, as may be in charge at the scene of a fire or other emergency involving the protection of life and/or property or any part thereof, shall have the power and authority to direct such operation as may be necessary to extinguish or control any fire, perform any rescue operation, investigate the existence of suspected or reported fires, gas leaks or other hazardous conditions or situations or of taking any other action necessary in the reasonable performance of their duty. In the exercise of such power, the chief may prohibit any person, vehicle, vessel or thing from approach- ing the scene and may remove or cause to be removed or kept away from the scene any vehicle, vessel or thing which may impede or interfere with the operations of a the fire department and, in the judgment of the chief, any person not actually and usefully employed in the extinguishing of such fire or in the preservation of a property in the vicinity thereof. Interference with Fire Department Sec. 10.102. Any person who obstructs the operations of the fire department in connection with extinguishing any fire, or other emergency, or disobeys any lawful command of the chief or officer of the fire department who may be in charge at such a scene, or any part thereof, or any police officer assisting the fire department, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Authority to Barricade Sec. 10.103. The chief or other officer of the fire department in charge at the scene of an emergency shall have the authority to place ropes, guards, barricades or other obstructions across any street, alley, place or private property in the vicinity of such operation so as to prevent accident or interference with the lawful efforts of the fire department to manage and control the situation and to handle fire apparatus. Division II GENERAL PROVISIONS Tampering with Fire Equipment Sec 10.201. No person shall molest, tamper with, damage or otherwise disturb 39 10.201-10.206 UNIFORM FIRE CODE any apparatus, equipment or appurtenance belonging to or under the supervision and control of the fire department without authority from the chief or his authorized representative to do so. Tampering with Fire Hydrant or Fire Appliance Sec. 10.202. No person shall remove, tamper with or otherwise disturb any fire hydrant or fire appliance required to be installed or maintained under the provi- sions of this code except for the purpose of extinguishing fire, training purposes, recharging, or making necessary repairs, or when permitted by the fire depart- ment. Whenever a fire appliance is removed as herein permitted, it shall be replaced or reinstalled as soon as the purpose for which it was removed has been accomplished. Hydrant Use Approval Sec. 10.203. No person shall use or operate any hydrant or other valves installed on any water system intended for use by the chief for fire suppression purposes and which is accessible to any public highway, alley or private way open to or generally used by the public, unless such person first secures a permit for use from the chief. This section does not apply to the use of a hydrant or other valves by a person employed by and authorized to make such use by the water company which supplies water to such hydrants or other valves. Tampering with Barricades, etc. Sec. 10.204. No person, except a person authorized by the chief or a public officer acting within the scope of his public duties, shall remove, unlock, destroy, tamper with or otherwise molest in any manner any lock, gate, door, barricade, chain, enclosure, sign, tag or seal which has been lawfully installed by the fire department or by its order or under its control. Closure of Roads or Trails Sec. 10.205. (a) General. The chief may install one or more gates, cables or other barricades and securely lock the same to prevent the use by unauthorized persons of any road that is not a public highway and over which the fire department has the right to pass, whether by easement, license, municipal ownership or otherwise, for purposes relating to fire prevention or control, provided such action does not preclude the authorized users of such road or trail from using the same. (b) 1respassing. No person, except a public officer acting within the scope of his public duties, shall trespass upon any road or trail which has been closed and obstructed in the manner authorized by this section without the express permis- sion of the chief, nor shall any person park any vehicle so as to obstruct the entrance to such road or trail. Obstruction of Fire Protection Equipment Sec. 10.206. No person shall place or keep any post, fence, vehicle, growth, trash, storage or other material or thing near any fire hydrant, fire department connection or fire protection system control valve that would prevent such equipment or hydrant from being immediately discernible or in any other manner 40 1985 EDITION 10.206-10.207 deter or hinder the fire department from gaining immediate access to said equipment or hydrant. A minimum 3-foot clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of the fire hydrants_ except as otherwise required or approved by the chief. Fire Apparatus Access Roads Sec. 10.207. (a) General. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section. (b) Where Required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be required for every building hereafter constructed when any portion of an exterior wall of the first story is located more than 150 feet from fire department vehicle access. EXCEPTIONS: 1. When conditions prevent the installation of an approved fire apparatus access road, the chief may permit the installation of a fire -protection system or systems in lieu of a road, provided the system or systems are not otherwise required by this or any other code. 2. When there are not more than two Group R, Division 3 or Group M Occupan- cies, the requirements of this section may be modified, provided, in the opinion of the chief, fire -fighting or rescue operations would not be impaired. (c) Permissible Modifications. Clearances or widths required by this section may be increased when, in the opinion of the chief, minimum clearances or widths are not adequate to provide fire apparatus access. For high -piled combusti- ble storage, see Section 81.109. (d) Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be provided with a surface so as to provide all-weather driving capabilities. (e) Width. The minimum unobstructed width of a fire apparatus access road shall be not less than 20 feet. (f) Vertical Clearance. All fire apparatus access roads shall have an unob- structed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches. EXCEPTION: Upon approval vertical clearance may be reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance. (g) Turning Radius. The turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be as approved by the chief. (h) Turnarounds. All dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus. (i) Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as access under this section, it shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable sections of the Building Code and using designed live loading sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. 0) Grade. The gradient for a fire apparatus access road shall not exceed the maximum approved by the chief. (k) Obstruction. The required width of any fire apparatus access road shall not be obstructed in any manner, including parking of vehicles. Minimum required 41 10.207-10.301 UNIFORM FIRE CODE widths and clearances established under this section shall be maintained at all times. (1) Signs. When required, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads and prohibit the obstruction thereof or both. Premises Identification Sec. 10.208. Approved numbers or addresses shall be placed on all new and existing buildings in such a position as to be plainly visible and legible from the street or road fronting the property. Said numbers shall contrast with their background. Key Box Sec. 10.209. When access to or within a structure or an area is unduly difficult because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life- saving or fire -fighting purposes, the chief may require a key box to be installed in an accessible location. The key box shall be a type approved by the chief and shall contain keys to gain necessary access as required by the chief. Division III INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE - PROTECTION, LIFE -SAFETY SYSTEMS AND APPLIANCES Installation Sec 10.301. (a) Type Required. The chief shall designate the type and number of fire appliances to be installed and maintained in and upon all buildings and premises in the jurisdiction other than private dwellings. This shall be done according to the relative severity of probable fire, including the rapidity with which it may spread. Such appliances shall be of a type suitable for the probable class of fire associated with such building or premises and shall have approval of the chief. Portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. (b) Special Hazards. In occupancies of an especially hazardous nature or where special hazards exist in addition to the normal hazard of the occupancy, or where access for fire apparatus is unduly difficult, additional safeguards may be required consisting of additional fire appliance units, more than one type of appliance, or special systems suitable for the protection of the hazard involved. Such devices or appliances may consist of automatic fire alarm systems, automat- ic sprinkler or water spray systems, standpipe and hose, fixed or portable fire extinguishers, suitable asbestos blankets, breathing apparatus, manual or auto- matic covers, carbon dioxide, foam, halogenated and dry chemical or other special fire -extinguishing systems. Where such systems are installed, they shall be in accordance with the applicable Uniform Fire Code Standards or standards of the National Fire Protection Association when Uniform Fire Code Standards do not apply. 42 1985 EDITION 10.301-10.302 (c) Water Supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed. When any portion of the building protected is in excess of 150 feet from a water supply on a public street, there shall be provided, when required by the chief, on -site fire hydrants and mains capable of supplying the required fire flow. Water supply may consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or other fixed system capable of supplying the required fire flow. In setting the requirements for fire flow, the chief may be guided by the standard published by the Insurance Services Office, "Guide for Determination of Required Fire Flow." The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of delivering the required fire flow shall be provided on the public street or on the site of the premises to be protected as required and approved by the chief. All hydrants shall be accessible to the fire department apparatus by roadways meeting the requirements of Section 10.207. (d) Timing of Installation. When fire protection facilities are to be installed by the developer, such facilities including all surface access roads shall be installed and made serviceable prior to and during the time of construction. When alternate methods of protection, as approved by the chief, are provided, the above may be modified or waived. (e) Approval and Testing. All fire alarm systems, fire hydrant systems, fire - extinguishing systems (including automatic sprinklers), wet and dry standpipes, basement inlet pipes, and other fire -protection systems and pertinents thereto shall meet the approval of the fire department as to installation and location and shall be subject to such periodic tests as required by the chief. Plans and specifications shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction. Maintenance Sec. 10.302. (a) General. All sprinkler systems, fire hydrant systems, stand- pipe systems, fire alarm systems, portable fire extinguishers, smoke and heat ventilators, smoke -removal systems and other fire -protective or extinguishing systems or appliances shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times and shall be replaced or repaired where defective. Fire -protective or extinguishing systems coverage, spacing and specifications shall be maintained in accordance with recognized standards at all times. Such systems shall be extended, altered or augmented as necessary to maintain and continue protection whenever any building so equipped is altered, remodeled or added to. All additions, repairs, alterations and servicing shall be in accordance with recognized standards. EXCEPTION: Systems not required by this or any other code need not be extended, altered nor augmented. Soda -acid, foam, loaded stream, antifreeze and water fire extinguishers of the inverting types shall not be recharged or placed in service for fire protection use. (b) Systems in High-rise Buildings. The building owner shall be responsible for assuring that the fire and life safety systems required by Sections 1807 and 43 10.302-10.306 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1907 of the Uniform Building Code shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times. Unless otherwise required by the chief, quarterly tests of such systems shall be conducted by qualified persons approved by the chief. A written record shall be maintained and be made available to the inspection authority. Vapor Liquid and Liquefied Gas Extinguishers See.10.303. (a) Prohibited Types. Vaporizing liquid extinguishers containing carbon tetrachloride or chlorobromomethane shall not be installed or used in any location for fire protection use. (b) Halon Types. Liquefied gas extinguishers containing approved haloge- nated agents Halon 1211 or Halon 1301 may be used in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. Sale of Defective Fire Extinguishers Sec. 10.304. No person shall sell or trade any form, type or kind of fire extinguisher which is not approved or which is not in proper working order, or the contents of which do not meet the requirements of this code, provided, however, this shall not apply to the sale or trade of fire extinguishers to any person or firm engaged in the business of selling or handling of such extinguishers or the sale or exchange of obsolete or damaged equipment for junk. M Fire Protection in Recreational Vehicle and Mobile Home Parks Sec. 10.305. All mobile home and recreational vehicle parks shall provide and maintain hydrants and access roads in accordance with Sections 10.207 and 10.301. EXCEPTION: Recreational vehicle parks located in remote areas shall be pro- vided with protection and access roadways as required by the chief. Fire Alarm System Sec. 10.306. (a) Apartments and Hotels. An approved automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in the following occupancies: 1. Apartment houses three or more stories in height or containing more than 15 apartments. EXCEPTION: An alarm need not be installed in buildings not over two stories in height when all individual dwelling units are separated by at least one -hour fire - resistive occupancy separations, including attics and crawl spaces, and each individ- ual dwelling unit has direct exit to a yard or public way. 2. Hotels either three stories or more in height or containing 20 or more guest rooms. The alarm system shall include provisions for smoke detection and manual operation in interior corridors and automatic detection in storage rooms, laundry rooms, furnace rooms and similar common areas. (b) Connection to Other Systems. A signal system or intercommunicating system shall not be used for any purpose other than fire warning unless it meets the requirements of this article. (c) Standard for Installation, Inspection and Maintenance. Installation, inspection and maintenance of the fire alarm system shall be according to the standards set forth in U.F.C. Standard No. 10-2. 44 1985 EDITION 10.306-10.308 (d) Location of Stations. Stations for operating any manually operated fire alarm system shall be placed immediately adjacent to the telephone switchboard in the building, if there is a switchboard, and at such other locations as may be required by the chief. (e) Automatic telephone dialing devices to transmit an emergency alarm shall not be connected to any fire department telephone number unless approved by the chief. Installation of Fixed Fire Protection System Sec. 10.307. (a) General. All fire -extinguishing systems required in this code or the Building Code shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this article. All fire hose threads used in connection with fire -extinguishing systems shall be National Standard hose thread or as approved by the fire department. In buildings used for high -piled combustible storage, fire protection shall be in accordance with this code. (b) Approvals. All fire -extinguishing systems, including automatic sprinkler systems, Classes 1, II and III combined standpipes, Halon systems and other special automatic extinguishing systems, and basement pipe inlets shall be approved and shall be subject to periodic tests as may be required. A condition of approval of all required Halon systems shall be satisfactory passage of a full discharge test utilizing an approved test gas prior to final acceptance of the system. The location of all fire department hose connections shall be approved by the chief. (c) Definitions. For the purpose of this article, the definitions of STANDPIPE SYSTEM, FIRE DEPARTMENT HOSE CONNECTION and AUTOMATIC _FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM are as set forth in Article 9. J(d) Standards. Fire -extinguishing systems shall comply with U.B.C. Stan- dards Nos. 38-1 and 38-2. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Automatic fire -extinguishing systems not covered by U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 or`38-2 shall be approved and installed in accordance with approved standards. _��% r 2. Automatic sprinkler systems may be connected o the domestic water supply main when approved by the chief,.prooi�ed,the domestic water supply is of adequate pressur�, capacityind sizing for�ihe combined•domestic and sprinkler requirements. In such1case,Ae sprinkles system copnection sh� be made between the public water main or meter and the�building•shutoff valve; and•there shall not be intervening valves or connections. TI 6 -fire department connection may be omitted when approved by the fire department. Automatic Fire -extinguishing Systems Sec. 10.308. (a) Where Required. An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed in the occupancies and locations as set forth in this section. For special provisions on hazardous chemicals and magnesium, and calcium carbide, see Sections 10.301 and 45.209 and Articles 48, 49 and 80. (b) All Occupancies Except Group R, Division 3 and Group M. Except for 45 10.308 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B Group R, Division 3 and Group M Occupancies, an automatic sprinkler system I shall be installed: B 1. In every story or basement of all buildings when the floor area exceeds 1500 square feet and there is not provided at least 20 square feet of opening B entirely above the adjoining ground level in each 50 lineal feet or fraction thereof of exterior wall in the story or basement on at least one side of the B building. Openings shall have a minimum dimension of not less than 30 inches. Such openings shall be accessible to the fire department from the B exterior and shall not be obstructed in a manner that fire fighting or rescue cannot be accomplished from the exterior. B When openings in a story are provided on only one side and the opposite s wall of such story is more than 75 feet from such openings, the story shall be provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system, or openings as B specified above shall be provided on at least two sides of an exterior wall of the story. B If any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet from openings required in this section, the basement shall be provided with an approved a automatic sprinkler system. 2. At the top of rubbish and linen chutes and in their terminal rooms. Chutes B extending through three or more floors shall have additional sprinkler heads installed within such chutes at alternate floors. Sprinkler heads shall B be accessible for servicing. 3. In rooms where nitrate film is stored or handled. 4. In protected combustible fiber storage vaults as defined in this code. s (c) Group A Occupancies. 1. Nightclubs, discos. An automatic sprinkler I system shall be installed in rooms primarily used for entertaining occupants who B are drinking or dining and unseparated accessory uses where the total area of such I unseparated rooms and assembly uses exceeds 5000 square feet. For uses to be B considered as separated, the separation shall be not less than as required for a one - I hour occupancy separation. The area of other uses shall be included unless separated by at least a one -hour occupancy separation. B 2. Basements. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in basements I classified as a Group A Occupancy when the basement is larger than 1500 square B feet in floor area. I 3. Exhibition and display rooms. An automatic sprinkler system shall be B installed in Group A Occupancies which have more than 12,000 square feet of I floor area which can be used for exhibition or display purposes. B 4. Stairs. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in enclosed usable I space below or over a stairway in Group A, Divisions 2, 2.1, 3 and 4 B Occupancies. 5.Other areas. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed under the roof I and gridiron, in the tie and fly galleries and in all places behind the proscenium B wall of stages; over and within permanent platforms in excess of 500 square feet in I area; and in dressing rooms, workshops and storerooms accessory to such stages B or permanent platforms. 46 1985 EDITION 10.308 EXCEPTIONS: 1. Stages or platforms open to the auditorium room on three or B more sides. I 2. Altars, pulpits or similar platforms and their accessory rooms. B 3. Stage gridirons when side -wall sprinklers with 135°F. rated heads with heat - baffle plates are installed around the entire perimeter of the stage except for the proscenium opening at points not more than 30 inches below the gridiron nor more B than 6 inches below the baffle plate. I 4. Under stage or under platform areas less than 4 feet in clear height used B exclusively for chair or table storage and lined on the inside with materials approved I for one -hour fire -resistive construction. B (d) Group B, Division 2 Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be I installed in retail sales rooms classed as Group B, Division 2 Occupancies where B the floor area exceeds 12,000 square feet on any floor or 24,000 square feet on all I floors or in Group B, Division 2 retail sales occupancies more than three stories in height. The area of mezzanines shall be included in determining the areas where sprinklers are required. B (e) Group E Occupancies. 1. Basements. An automatic sprinkler system 1I shall be installed in basements classified as a Group E Occupancy when the basement is larger than 1500 square feet in floor area. B 2. Stairs. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in enclosed usable I space below or over a stairway in Group E Occupancies. B (f) Group H Occupancies. 1. Division 1. An automatic fire -extinguishing I system shall be installed in Group H, Division 1 Occupancies larger than 1500 square feet in floor area. 2. Division 2. An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed in B Group H, Division 2 Occupancies exceeding 1500 square feet in area. B An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed in rooms of Group H, I Division 2 Occupancies when flammable or combustible liquids are stored or B handled in excess of the quantities set forth in Table No. 9-A of the Building I Code, or any combination of flammable liquids exceeds 240 gallons. B An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed in paint spray booths I or rooms. B 3. Division 3. An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed in I Group H, Division 3 Occupancies larger than 3000 square feet in floor area. B 4. Division 4. An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed in I Group H, Division 4 Occupancies more than one story in height. B 5. Division 6. An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H, Division 6 Occupancies. The design of B the sprinkler system shall be not less than that required under U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 for the occupancy hazard classifications as follows: B OCCUPANCY HAZARD LOCATION CLASSIFICATION B Fabrication areas Ordinary Hazard Group 3 Service corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 3 E Storage rooms without dispensing Ordinary Hazard Group 3 Storage rooms with dispensing Extra Hazard Group 2 E Exit corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 31 I When the design area of the sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by one row of sprinklers, E the maximum number of sprinklers that need be calculated is 13. 47 10.308-10.310 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B (g) Group I Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in I Group I Occupancies. B EXCEPTIONS: 1. In hospitals of Types I, II Fire -resistive and II One -hour construction, the automatic sprinkler system may be omitted from operating, deliv- B ery, cardiac, X-ray and intensive care rooms and patient sleeping rooms not exceed - Iing 450 square feet in area when each such room is provided with smoke detectors B connected to a continuously attended station or location within the building. IIncreases for area and height specified in Sections 506 (c) and 507 of the Building B Code shall not apply when this exception is used. I2. In jails, prisons and reformatories, the piping system may be dry, provided a B manually operated valve is installed at a continuously monitored location. Opening Iof the valve will cause the piping system to be charged. Sprinkler heads in such B systems shall be equipped with fusible elements or the system shall be designed as Irequired for deluge systems in U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1. B Sprinkler System Alarms BSec. 10.309. When serving more than 100 sprinklers, automatic sprinkler I systems shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station B service or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended I location. BB Permissible Sprinkler Omissions Sec. 10.310. Subject to the approval of the building official and with the I concurrence of the chief of the fire department, sprinklers may be omitted in B rooms or areas as follows: 1. When sprinklers are considered undesirable because of the nature of the contents or in rooms or areas which are of noncombustible construction with wholly noncombustible contents and which are not exposed by other areas. B Sprinklers shall not be omitted from any room merely because it is damp or of fire - I resistive construction. BB 2. Sprinklers shall not be installed when the application of water or flame and water to the contents may constitute a serious life or fire hazard, as in the I manufacture or storage of quantities of aluminum powder, calcium carbide, B calcium phosphide, metallic sodium and potassium, quicklime, magnesium I powder and sodium peroxide. B 3. Safe deposit or other vaults of fire -resistive construction, when used for the I storage of records, files and other documents, when stored in metal cabinets. B 4. Communication equipment areas under the exclusive control of a public I communication utility agency, provided: B A. The equipment areas are separated from the remainder of the building by I one -hour fire -resistive occupancy separation; and BB B. Such areas are used exclusively for such equipment; and C. An approved automatic smoke detection system is installed in such areas I and is supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station B service or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly I attended location; and B D. Other approved fire -protection equipment such as portable fire 48 1985 EDITION 10.310-10.311 extinguishers or Class II standpipes are installed in such areas. 5. Other approved automatic fire -extinguishing systems may be installed to protect special hazards or occupancies in lieu of automatic sprinklers. Standpipes Sec. 10.311. (a) General. Standpipes shall comply with the requirements of this section and U.B.C. Standard No. 38-2. (b) Where Required. Standpipe systems shall be provided as set forth in Table No. 10.311. (c) Location of Class I Standpipes. There shall be a Class I standpipe outlet connection at every floor level above the first story of every required stairway and on each side of the wall adjacent to the exit opening of a horizontal exit. Outlets at stairways shall be located within the exit enclosure or, in the case of smokeproof enclosures, within the vestibule or exterior balcony, giving access to the stairway. Risers and laterals of Class I standpipe systems not located within an enclosed stairway or smokeproof enclosure shall be protected by a degree of fire resistance equal to that required for vertical enclosures in the building in which they are located. EXCEPTION: In buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system, risers and laterals which are not located within an enclosed stairway or smokeproof enclosure need not be enclosed within fire -resistive construction. There shall be a three-way outlet above the roof line when the roof has a slope of less than 4 inches in 12 inches. In buildings where more than one standpipe is provided, the standpipes shall be interconnected at the bottom. (d) Location of Class I1 Standpipes. Class II standpipe outlets shall be accessible and shall be located so that all portions of the building are within 30 feet of a nozzle attached to 100 feet of hose. In Group A, Divisions 1, 2 and 2.1 Occupancies, with occupant loads of more than 1000, outlets shall be located on each side of any stage, on each side of the rear of the auditorium and on each side of the balcony. Fire-resistant protection of risers and laterals of Class II standpipe systems is not required. (e) Location of Class III Standpipes. Class III standpipe systems shall have outlets located as required for Class I standpipes in Section 10.311 (c) and shall have Class II outlets as required in Section 10.311 (d). Risers and laterals of Class III standpipe systems shall be protected as required for Class I systems. EXCEPTIONS: 1. In buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler 1 system, risers and laterals which are not located within an enclosed stairway or B smokeproof enclosure need not be enclosed within fire -resistive construction. 2. Laterals for Class II outlets on Class III systems need not be protected. B In buildings where more than one Class III standpipe is provided, the stand- pipes shall be interconnected at the bottom. B 49 10.311-10.314 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO. 10.311—STANDPIPE REQUIREMENTS NONSPRINKLERED SPRINKLERED BUILDING2 BUILDINGS Standpipe Hose Standpipe Hose OCCUPANCY' Class Requirement Class Requirement I. Occupancies exceeding 150 ft. III Yes III No in height and more than one story 2. Occupancies 4 stories or more II and II5] 6 but less than 150 ft. in height, or III) Yes I (or III) No except Group R, Div. 3 3. Group A Occupancies with II Yes No No occupant load exceeding 1000 requirement 4. Group A, Div. 2.1 Occupancies over 5000 square II Yes II Yes feet in area used for exhibition 5. Groups I, H, B, Div. 1, 2 or 3 Occupancies less than 4 stories II5 Yes No No in height but greater than requirement 20,000 square feet per floor 'Class II standpipes need not be provided in assembly areas used solely for worship. 2Except as otherwise specified in Item No. 4 of this table, Class II standpipes need not be provided in basements having an automatic fire -extinguishing system throughout such basements. 3Combined systems with their related water supplies may be used in sprinklered buildings. 4Portions of otherwise sprinklered buildings which are not protected by automatic sprinklers shall have Class II standpipes installed as required for the unsprinklered portions. 5In open structures where Class II standpipes may be damaged by freezing, the building official may authorize the use of Class I standpipes which are located as required for Class II standpipes. 61-lose is required for Class II standpipes only. Buildings Under Construction Sec. 10.312. Fire protection equipment and systems shall be installed and maintained in buildings under construction in accordance with Article 87. Basement Pipe Inlets Sec. 10.313. Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of every store, warehouse or factory having a basement when required by the building code. Required basement pipe inlets shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix III-B. Fire -extinguishing Equipment for Protection of Kitchen Grease Hoods and Ducts Sec. 10.314. (a) Where Required. Approved fire -suppression systems shall be provided for the protection of commercial -type food heat -processing equip- ment. EXCEPTION: The requirement for protection does not include steam kettles and steam tables or equipment which as used does not create grease -laden vapors. 50 1985 EDITION 10.314 (b) Extent of Protection. The fire -suppression system used to protect ventilat- ing hoods and ducts and cooking appliances shall be installed to include cooking surfaces, deep fat fryers, griddles, upright broilers, charbroilers, range tops and grills. Protection shall also be provided for the enclosed plenum space within the hood above filters and exhaust ducts serving the hood. EXCEPTION: That portion of the fire suppression system required for protec- tion of the plenum space within the hood beyond the filter and within the exhaust=_ duct serving the hood may be omitted when approved listed grease extractors are installed. (c) Type of System. The system used for protection of commercial -type cooking equipment shall be either a system listed for application with such equipment or an automatic fixed pipe system that is specifically designed for such application. All systems shall comply with the requirements of the Mechanical Code and this code. Listed systems shall be installed in accordance with their listing. Other systems shall be of an approved design and shall be of one of the following types: 1. Automatic sprinkler system. 2. Dry chemical extinguishing system. 3. Carbon dioxide extinguishing system. 4. Liquid -agent (other than water) extinguishing system. e When carbon dioxide systems are used, there shall be a nozzle at the top of the - ventilating duct. Additional nozzles symmetrically arranged to give equal dis- tribution shall be installed within vertical ducts exceeding 20 feet and horizontal ducts exceeding 50 feet. In carbon dioxide systems, dampers shall be installed at either the top or the bottom of the duct. The dampers shall be arranged to operate automatically in the event that the extinguishing system operates. When the damper is installed at the top of the duct, the top nozzle shall be immediately below the damper. The quantity of carbon dioxide in the system shall be sufficient to protect all hazards venting through a common duct simultaneously. Carbon dioxide; dry chemical and liquid -agent (other than water) systems shall '__ be interconnected to the fuel or current supply so that the fuel or current is automatically shut off to all equipment under the hood when the system is actuated. N Shutoffs, valves or switches shall be of the type that require manual operation to reset. In addition, carbon dioxide systems shall be similarly interconnected to shut off the ventilation fan. Commercial -type cooking equipment protected by automatic sprinkler systems shall be controlled by a separate readily accessible indicating -type control valve that is identified. Where sprinklers are used to protect fryers, each fryer or pair of fryers shall be protected with a sprinkler arranged to operate at not less than 30 psi. A readily accessible manually activating device installed at an approved loca- tion shall be provided for dry chemical, carbon dioxide and liquid agent (other than water) systems. The actuation device may be either mechanically or elec- 51 10.314-10.402 UNIFORM FIRE CODE trically operated. If electrical power is used, the system shall be connected to a standby power system and a visual means shall be provided to show that the extinguishing system is energized. (d) Portable Extinguishers. In addition to the fixed system, a dry chemical portable extinguisher which has a rating of not less than 40-B shall be installed near the food processing equipment For additional portable extinguishers, see U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. (e) Operation and Maintenance. The ventilation system in connection with hoods shall be operated at the required level, and grease filters shall be in place when equipment under a kitchen grease hood is used. If grease extractors are installed, they shall be operated when the food heat -processing equipment is used. Extinguishing systems shall be serviced at least every six months or after activation of the system. Inspection shall be by qualified individuals, and a certificate of inspection shall be forwarded to the chief upon completion. Fusible links and automatic sprinkler heads shall be replaced at least annually, and other protection devices shall be serviced or replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Hoods, grease -removal devices, fans, ducts and other appurtenances shall be cleaned at frequent intervals. (f) Posting Operation Instructions. Instructions for manually operating the fire -extinguishing system shall be posted at a conspicuous location within the kitchen. Division IV MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND RESTORATION OF FIRE - RESISTIVE WALLS AND PARTITIONS, DRAFT -STOP PARTITIONS AND FIRE -RESISTIVE ASSEMBLIES FOR PROTECTION OF OPENINGS Fire -resistive Construction Sec. 10.401. All required fire -resistive construction, including occupancy separations, area separation walls, exterior walls due to location on property, fire - resistive requirements based on type of construction, draft -stop partitions and roof coverings shall be maintained as specified in the Building Code and this code and shall be properly repaired, restored or replaced when damaged, altered, breached, penetrated, removed or improperly installed. Fire Assembly for Protection of Openings Sec. 10.402. (a) Maintenance. All required fire assemblies, including fire doors, fire .windows and fire dampers, along with all required hardware, anchorage, frames and sills, shall be maintained as specified in the Building Code 52 1985 EDITION 10.402 or this code. These assemblies shall bear an approved label or other identification showing the rating thereof and shall be properly repaired, restored or replaced when damaged, altered, breached, penetrated, removed or improperly installed. (b) Operation. Fire assemblies shall not be obstructed or otherwise impaired from their proper operation at any time. (c) Identification. When required by the chief, a sign shall be displayed permanently near or on each required fire door in letters not less than 1 inch high to read as follows: FIRE DOOR DO NOT OBSTRUCT 53 11.101-11.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 11 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE Division I INCINERATORS AND OPEN BURNING Bonfires and Outdoor Rubbish Fires Sec. 11.101. (a) Permit Required. For permits to kindle or maintain any bonfire or rubbish fire, see Section 4.101. Rubbish includes waste material from the construction or demolition of buildings. (b) Location Restricted. No person shall kindle or maintain any bonfire or rubbish fire or authorize any such fire to be kindled or maintained on any private land unless (1) the location is not less than 50 feet from any structure and adequate provision is made to prevent fire from spreading to within 50 feet of any structure, or (2) the fire is contained in an approved waste burner located safely not less than 15 feet from any structure. (c) Attendance of Open Fires. Bonfires and rubbish fires shall be constantly attended by a competent person until such fire is extinguished. This person shall have a garden hose connected to the water supply, or other fire -extinguishing equipment readily available for use. (d) Chief May Prohibit. The chief may prohibit any or all bonfires and outdoor rubbish fires when atmospheric conditions or local circumstances make such fires. hazardous. Kindling of Fire on Land of Others Restricted Sec. 11.102. No person shall kindle a fire upon the land of another without permission of the owner thereof or his agent. Discarding Burning Objects Prohibited Sec. 11.103. No person shall throw down or drop any lighted match, cigar, cigarette or other burning substance in combustible material or in close proximity thereto. Hot Ashes and Other Dangerous Materials Sec. 11.104. No person shall deposit hot ashes or cinders or smoldering coals, or greasy or oily substances liable to spontaneous ignition, into any combustible receptacle or place the same within 10 feet of any combustible materials, except in metal or other noncombustible, covered receptacles. Such receptacles, unless resting on a noncombustible floor or on the ground outside the buildings, shall be placed on noncombustible stands and in every case shall be kept at least 2 feet away from any combustible wall or partition or exterior window opening. Types and Construction of Incinerators Sec. 11.105. (a) Every incinerator used shall comply with the provisions of this section. (b) Commercial, industrial and apartment -type incinerators shall be con- 54 1985 EDITION 11.105-11.111 structed in accordance with the provisions of the Building and Mechanical Codes. (c) Residential incinerators shall be constructed of brick, concrete hollow tile or other fire -resistive material other than metal, with a completely enclosed combustion chamber and shall be equipped with a permanently attached spark arrester. (d) Every incinerator shall be equipped and maintained with a spark arrester constructed of iron, heavy wire mesh or other noncombustible material, with openings not larger than''/z inch. (e) Every incinerator shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the requirements of any air pollution control district having jurisdiction. Location Sec. 11.106. (a) Any residential incinerator used in connection with a single- family dwelling shall be located not less than 5 feet from any wood -frame building or structure, or other combustible material, or not less than 3 feet from a masonry, stucco, or similar fire -resistive building or structure with no openings within 5 feet. Any residential incinerator used in connection with any occupancy other than a single-family dwelling shall be located not less than 10 feet from any building or property line, provided, further, that the stack of any such incinerator shall be constructed in accordance with the Mechanical Code and shall terminate not less than 5 feet from combustible roof, overhang or eave construction. (b) This restriction shall not apply to barbecue pits and outdoor fireplaces built in accordance with the Building Code. Incinerators in Trailer Camps Sec. 11.107. Any incinerator installed in a trailer camp, mobile home park or permanent camping park shall be of a type approved by the chief. Such incinerator shall be located not less than 5 feet from any property line and 10 feet from any building, trailer, mobile home or camp site. Maintenance Sec. 11.108. Every incinerator, barbecue pit and the equipment thereof shall be maintained in good condition and repair at all times. Clearance Between Incinerators and Combustibles Sec.11.109. A minimum clearance of 10 feet shall be maintained between any incinerator and all rubbish, dry grass, weeds, vegetation and any other combusti- ble material. Use of Incinerators Restricted Sec. 11.110. If the chief finds that burning in incinerators located within 500 feet of the mountainous, brush- or grass -covered areas of the jurisdictional area during periods of high fire hazard weather conditions, will create an undue fire hazard, during the existence of such periods a person shall not use any incinerator whatever for burning. Chimney Spark Arresters Sec. 11.111. Each chimney used in conjunction with any fireplace or any 55 11.111-11.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE heating appliance in which solid or liquid fuel is used, upon any cabin, house, hotel, building or structure located within 200 feet of any mountainous, brush- or forest -covered land or land covered with flammable material, shall be maintained with a spark arrester as required for incinerators. Hours of Burning Sec. 11.112. Waste matter shall not be disposed of by burning except as follows: (a) All burning shall take place during hours approved by the chief. (b) Burning shall be confined to incinerators. EXCEPTION: All burning shall be done in an approved incinerator, except that outdoor burning of combustible waste matter other than paper may be done in the open if: 1. A permit to engage in such burning is obtained from the chief. 2. Such burning is done at a distance of more than 50 feet from any building, structure or other combustible waste matter. 3. A garden hose and water supply or other fire -extinguishing equipment is on hand and a competent person is in constant attendance until all fire has been extinguished. Applicants for such permit must be in legal control of the lot or parcel of land on which the burning is to be done. Burning on Public Property Sec. 11.113. For permits to burn on public property, see Section 4.101. Offensive Smoke and Odors Sec. 11.114. Waste matter shall not be burned, under permit or otherwise, which shall, in burning, cause or create a dense smoke or odor. Attendant for Fire Sec. 11.115. Except in an approved incinerator, every bonfire, campfire, or burning of combustible waste matter shall be constantly attended by a competent person and shall be completely extinguished before being left alone. Fire Hazard Prohibited Sec. 11.116. A person shall not construct, erect, install, maintain or use any incinerator or barbecue pit or so burn any combustible material as to constitute or occasion a fire hazard by the use or burning thereof or as to endanger the life or property of any person thereby. Division II COMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE MATERIALS Accumulation of Waste Material Sec. 11.201. (a) Accumulations of wastepaper, hay, grass, straw, weeds, litter or combustible or flammable waste material, waste petroleum products or rubbish of any kind shall not be permitted to remain upon any roof or in any court, yard, vacant lot or open space. All weeds, grass, vines or other growth, when same 56 1985 EDITION 11.201-11.203 endangers property or is liable to be fired, shall be cut down and removed by the owner or occupant of the property. When total removal of growth from a piece of property is impractical due to size or to environmental factors, approved fuel breaks may be established between the land and the endangered property. The width of the fuel break shall be determined by height, type and amount of growth, wind conditions, geographical conditions and type of exposures threatened. (b) All combustible rubbish, oily rags or waste material, when kept within a building or adjacent to a building, shall be securely stored in metal or metal -lined receptacles equipped with tight -fitting covers or in rooms or vaults constructed of noncombustible materials. (c) It shall be unlawful to accumulate or store combustible waste matter beneath trailers or at any other place within an auto and trailer camp. (d) Commercial dumpsters and containers with an individual capacity of 1.5 cubic yards or greater shall not be stored or placed within 5 feet of combustible walls, openings or combustible roof eave lines. EXCEPTION: Areas containing dumpsters or containers protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. Handling of Readily Combustible Materials Sec. 11.202. The person responsible for an occupancy that manufactures, uses, stores or handles any combustible waste matter such as shavings, excelsior, rubbish, sacks, bags, litter, hay, straw or other similar combustible materials which create a fire hazard shall cause all such material to be removed from the building at least once each working day. EXCEPTIONS: 1. When such material is completely baled and stacked in an orderly manner in an approved location so as not to create a fire hazard. 2. When such material is stored in approved vaults or in metal or metal -lined, covered receptacles or bins. 3. The chief may require such material to be removed more than once each working day when a fire hazard is created. The chief may require baling presses to be installed or other approved methods to ensure that such materials do not create a hazard or menace of fire. Storage of Readily Combustible Materials Sec. 11.203. (a) Permit Required. Permits shall be obtained for combustible material storage when required by Section 4.101. (b) Storage Requirements. Storage in buildings shall be orderly, shall be more than 2 feet from the ceiling, and shall be so located as not to endanger exit from the building. Refer to Article 81 for high -piled stock. Storage in the open shall not exceed 20 feet in height, shall be so located as not to constitute a hazard to adjacent buildings or property and shall be compact and orderly. Such storage is prohibited within 3 feet of any property line and shall not exceed 6 feet in height when within 10 feet of such property line, except where no hazard or menace of fire to adjoining property is created thereby. (c) Equipment Rooms. Boiler rooms, mechanical rooms and electrical panel rooms shall not be used for the storage of combustible merchandise, material or equipment. 57 11.204-11.209 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Flammable Decorative Materials Sec. 11.204. Cotton batting, either natural, artificial or manufactured, straw, dry vines, leaves, trees or other highly flammable materials shall not be used for decorative purposes in show windows or other parts of commercial, industrial or institutional occupancies unless made flame retardant, provided, however, that nothing in this section shall be held to prohibit the display of salable goods permitted and offered for sale. Electric light bulbs in such occupancies shall not be decorated with paper or other combustible materials unless such materials shall first have been rendered flame retardant. Use of Open Flame or Light Restricted Sec. 11.205. (a) A person shall not take an open flame or light into any building, barn, vessel, boat or any other place where highly flammable, combus- tible or explosive material is kept, unless such light or flame shall be well secured in a glass globe, wire mesh cage or similar approved device. (b) Heating or lighting apparatus or equipment capable of igniting flammable materials of the types stored or handled shall not be used in the storage area of any warehouse storing rags, excelsior, hair or other highly flammable or combustible material; nor in the work area of any shop or factory used for the manufacture, repair or renovating of mattresses or bedding; nor in the work areas of any establishment used for the upholstering of furniture. Combustible Materials Beneath Structures Sec. 11.206. Persons having charge or control over any structure, pier or wharf shall not allow the deposit of combustible materials beneath the structure, pier or wharf or permit any accumulation of combustible debris or rubbish to remain on land beneath such structure, pier or wharf. Combustible Storage in Attic Spaces Sec. 11.207. Combustible materials shall not be stored in attic areas or similar spaces. EXCEPTION: When walls, floor and ceiling forming the storage area are protected on the attic room side as required for one -hour fire -resistive construction. Parade Floats Sec. 11.208. (a) For permits to operate a parade float, see Section 4.101. (b) All decorative materials shall be fire resistive or flame retardant. (c) All motorized apparatus shall be provided with an approved portable fire extinguisher of at least 2-A, 10-B:C rating readily accessible to the operator. Atrium Furnishings Sec. 11.209. (a) The potential heat of combustible furnishings and decorative materials within atriums shall not exceed 9000 Btu per pound when located within '_. an area of the atrium that is more than 20 feet below ceiling -mounted sprinklers. (b) All decorative materials shall be noncombustible or shall be flame-retardant treated and be so maintained. (c) Devices generating an open flame shall not be used nor installed within atriums. 58 1985 EDITION 11.301-11.402 Division III FIRE REPORTING AND FALSE ALARMS Reporting of Fires Sec. 11.301. (a) In the event a fire occurs on any property the owner or occupant shall immediately report such fire to the fire department. (b) A fire shall mean any fire not used for cooking, heating or recreational purposes or one not incidental to the normal operations of the property. False Alarms See.11.302. (a) For the purpose of this section a fire alarm shall be deemed and construed as being any act as follows: The giving, signaling or transmission to any public fire station or company or to any officer or employee thereof, whether by telephone, spoken word or otherwise, information to the effect that there is a fire at or near the place indicated by the person giving, signaling or transmitting such information. (b) It shall be unlawful for any person to give, signal or transmit or for any person to cause or permit to be given, signaled or transmitted in any manner any false alarm. (c) It shall be unlawful for any person to tamper.with, render inoperative or maliciously damage any fire alarm equipment maintained for the purpose of sounding or transmitting fire alarms. EXCEPTION: Fire alarm systems undergoing approved maintenance or repairs. (d) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the sounding of any such signal essential for the carrying on of any fire drill. The chief may require that he be notified in advance when such signal will be sounded. Division IV USE OF EQUIPMENT, APPLIANCES AND DEVICES; VACANT BUILDINGS Toy Balloons Sec. 11.401. A person shall not inflate any toy balloon or other similar device with any toxic, explosive or flammable gas, or sell, give away or furnish any such balloon or device so inflated. Open -flame generators shall be prohibited. Projectile Firing Sec. 11.402. A person shall not, in any brush- or grass -covered area or area covered with flammable material, possess or fire or cause to be fired any tracer bullet or tracer charge or any type of projectile that discharges smoldering or flammable material. 59 11.403-11.407 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Asphalt Kettles Sec. 11.403. (a) It shall be unlawful to transport or permit to be transported any asphalt kettle beneath which is maintained any open fire, heated coals or ashes over any highway, road or street. Asphalt kettles shall not be used inside of or on the roof of any building. There shall be at least one approved fire extinguisher of a minimum 20-B:C classification within 30 feet of each asphalt kettle during the period such kettle is in use, and one additional 20-B:C classification fire extinguisher on the roof being covered. (b) Asphalt kettles shall be equipped with a tight -fitting cover. A kettle, when in operation, shall be placed a safe distance from any combustible material or buildings. An attendant shall be within 100 feet of the kettle at all times while the burner flame is on, with no ladders or similar obstacles forming a part of the route to be taken to reach the kettle. EXCEPTION: If a kettle is controlled by an operating thermostat, the above distance and route limitations do not apply. Heating Appliances Sec. 11.404. (a) Guards. Heating appliances shall be listed by the American Gas Association or other recognized testing agency. The heating element or combustion chamber in any such appliance shall be permanently guarded so as to prevent accidental contact by any person or material. (b) Connections. Gas appliances shall be connected to the gas supply by approved connectors in conformance with the Mechanical Code. (c) Flues. Gas appliances shall be vented to approved flues in conformance with the Mechanical Code. (d) Clearances. Heating appliances shall be installed and maintained with clearance from combustibles in conformance with the Mechanical Code. Maintenance of Chimneys and Heating Appliances Sec. 11.405. All chimneys, incinerators, smokestacks or similar devices for conveying smoke or hot gases to the outer air and the stoves, furnaces, fireboxes or boilers to which they are connected shall be constructed in accordance with the Mechanical Code and the Building Code and maintained in such a manner as not to create a fire hazard. Trapdoors to Be Closed Sec. 11.406. All trapdoors and scuttle covers except those that are automatic in their operation, in any building other than a dwelling, shall be kept closed at all times. Shaftways to Be Marked Sec. 11.407. Every outside window in a building used for manufacturing purposes or for storage which opens directly on any hoistway or other vertical means of communication between two or more floors in such buildings shall be plainly marked with the word "SHAFTWAY" in red letters at least 6 inches high on a white background; such warning sign to be so placed as to be easily discernible from the outside of the building. Every door or window opening on 60 1985 EDITION 11.407-11.414 such shaftway from the interior of the building, unless the construction of the partition surrounding the shaftway is of such distinctive nature as to make its purpose evident at a glance, shall be similarly marked with the warning word "SHAFTWAY" so placed as to be easily visible to anyone approaching the shaftway from the interior of the building. Use of Torches or Flame -producing Devices for Sweating Pipe Joints or Removing Paint Sec. 11.408. Any person using a torch or other flame -producing device for removing paint or sweating pipe joints from or in any building or structure shall provide one approved fire extinguisher or water hose equipped with a suitable nozzle, sufficient in length to reach all portions of the building and connected to a water supply on the premises where said burning operation is performed. Com- bustible material in the close proximity of open flame shall be protected against ignition by shielding, wetting or other means. In all cases, a fire watch shall be maintained in the vicinity of the operation for one-half hour after the torch or flame -producing device has been used. Open -flame Warning Lights Sec. 11.409. It shall be unlawful to maintain any torch or lantern utilizing an open flame along any excavation, road or any place where the dislodgement of such torch or lantern might permit same to roll, fall or slide onto any brush- or forest -covered land or any land containing flammable material. Open -flame Devices in Marinas Sec. 11.410. (a) For permits for open -flame devices in marinas, see Section 4.101. (b) Any open -flame device used for lighting or decoration on the exterior of any boat or on any slip or wharf must be approved by the chief. Vacating Premises See.11.411. Upon vacating or abandoning any premises, the occupant thereof shall remove any and all noxious and hazardous material or waste matter which has been deposited, allowed to come to rest or permitted to accumulate thereon, and such premises shall be left in a clean and neat condition. Vacant Buildings Sec. 11.412. Every person owning or in charge or control of any vacant building shall remove therefrom all accumulations of flammable or combustible waste or rubbish and shall securely lock, barricade or otherwise secure all doors, windows and other openings thereof. Protection of Gas Meters and Piping Sec. 11.413. When exposed to probable vehicular damage due to proximity to alleys, driveways or parking areas, aboveground gas meters, regulators and piping shall be suitably protected. Posting of Signs on Exterior Doors Blocked by Storage Sec. 11.414. Any exterior door of a building that is blocked by storage on the 61 11.414-11.415 UNIFORM FIRE CODE interior side shall have a sign affixed to the exterior side of such door stating THIS DOOR BLACKED. The sign shall consist of letters having principal stroke of not less than inch wide and at least 6 inches high on a contrasting background, provided, however, this provision shall not permit the obstruction of any required fire department access door or exit door. Storage of Hazardous Equipment In Buildings Sec. 11.415. It shall be unlawful to park, store or repair any gasoline or gas - fueled vehicle, motorcycle, moped or other similar device in any dwelling unit, office, exitway or location that would create a fire or life hazard. 62 12.101-12.104 1985 EDITION ARTICLE 12 MAINTENANCE OF EXIT WAYS Scope Sec. 12.101. Exits serving every building, structure or confined area which is used or intended to be used at any time for human occupancy shall be maintained in accordance with this article and Section 1.103. Buildings or structures which are not provided with adequate egress are unsafe and shall be subject to the abatement procedures specified in Section 2.201 (b). See Article 25, Places of Assembly, for additional requirements. No exit or part thereof shall be altered in any way unless approved by the building official. Definitions Sec. 12.102. For the purpose of this article, the definitions of the terms BALCONY, EXTERIOR EXIT, EXIT, EXIT COURT, EXIT PASSAGEWAY, HORIZONTAL EXIT, OCCUPANT LOAD, PANIC HARDWARE, PRIVATE STAIRWAY, and PUBLIC WAY are as set forth in Article 9. Exit Obstruction Sec. 12.103. (a) Obstruction. Obstructions, including storage, shall not be placed in the required width of an exit except projections as permitted by the Building Code. (b) Overcrowding. The number of occupants of any building or portion thereof shall not exceed the permitted or posted capacity. (For Places of Assem- bly, see Article 25.) - (c) Aisles. Aisles leading to required exits shall be provided from all portions of B buildings. .o Width and spacing of aisles shall be maintained as required by Section 25.107. d (d) Fire Escapes. An encumbrance of any kind shall not be located before,or upon any fire escape, balcony or ladder intended as a means of escape from fire. (e) Storage of Materials. In other than dwelling occupancies no person shall place, store or keep, or permit to be placed, stored or kept, any materials the presence or burning of which would obstruct or render hazardous an exit. Doors Sec. 12.104. (a) General. Doors provided for egress purposes shall be main- tained as provided in this article. (b) Type of Lock or Latch. Exit doors shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or any special knowledge or effort. EXCEPTIONS: 1. This requirement shall not apply to exterior exit doors in a Group B Occupancy if there is a readily visible, durable sign on or adjacent to the door, stating THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED DURING BUSINESS HOURS. The sign shall be in letters not less than 1 inch high on a contrasting background. The use of this exception may be revoked by the building official for due cause. 63 12.104-12.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2. Exit doors from individual dwelling units and guest rooms of Group R Occupancies having an occupant load of 10 or less may be provided with a night latch, dead bolt or security chain, provided such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a key, special knowledge or effort and mounted at a height not to exceed 48 inches above the finished floor. Manually operated edge- or surface -mounted flush bolts and surface bolts are prohibited. When exit doors are used in pairs and approved automatic flush bolts are used, the door leaf having the automatic flush bolts shall have no door knob or surface -mounted hardware. The unlatching of any leaf shall not require more than one operation. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Group R, Division 3 Occupancies. 2. When a pair of doors serving a room not normally occupied are needed for the movement of equipment, manually operated edge or surface bolts may be used and a door closer need not be provided on the inactive leaf. (c) Panic Hardware. Panic hardware, when installed, shall comply with the requirements of U.B.C. Standard No. 33-4, and the activating member shall be mounted at a height of not less than 30 inches nor more than 44 inches above the floor. The unlatching force shall not exceed 15 pounds when applied in the direction of exit travel. (d) Door Identification. Exit doors shall be so marked that they are readily distinguishable from adjacent construction. (e) Blocking of Self- or Automatic -closing Doors. It shall be unlawful to block, obstruct or otherwise impair the operation of any door required to be self - or automatic -closing. Corridor and Exterior Exit Balconies Sec.12.105. (a) General. This section shall apply to every corridor serving as a required exit for an occupant load of 10 or more except as provided in Subsection (b) for Group R, Divisions 1 and 3 Occupancies. For the purposes of the section, the term "corridor" shall include "exterior exit balconies" and any covered or enclosed exit passageway, including walkways, tunnels and malls. Partitions, rails, counters and similar space dividers not over 5 feet 9 inches in height above the floor shall not be construed to form corridors. Exit corridors shall not be interrupted by intervening rooms. EXCEPTION: Foyers, lobbies or reception rooms constructed as required for corridors shall not be construed as intervening rooms. (b) Width. Every corridor serving an occupant load of 10 or more shall be not less than 44 inches in width. Regardless of occupant load, corridors in Group R, Division 3 Occupancies and within dwelling units in Group R, Division 1 Occupancies shall have a minimum width of 36 inches. For special requirements for Groups E and I Occupancies, see the Building Code. (c) Height. Corridors and exterior exit balconies shall have a clear height of not less than 7 feet measured to the lowest projection from the ceiling. (d) Projections. The required width of corridors shall be unobstructed. EXCEPTION: Handrails and doors, when fully opened, shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches. Doors in any position shall not reduce the 64 1985 EDITION 12.105-12.107 required width by more than one half. Other nonstructural projections such as trim and similar decorative features may project into the required width 1 �h inches on each side. (e) Access to Exits. When more than one exit is required, they shall be so arranged that it is possible to go in either direction from any point in a corridor to a separate exit, except for dead ends not exceeding 20 feet in length. (f) Fire Resistance. Where corridors are required to be fire resistive, all walls, ceilings and openings shall be maintained as specified in the Building Code. Stairways Sec. 12.106. (a) General. Stairways shall be maintained in accordance with the Building Code. EXCEPTION: Stairs or ladders used only to attend equipment are exempt from the requirements of this section when properly maintained. (b) Width. The width of every stairway shall be maintained. Handrails may project into the required width a distance of 3'/2 inches from each side of a stairway. Stringers and other projections such as trim and similar decorative features may project into required width 1'/2 inches on each side. Handrails and guardrails shall be maintained as required by the Building Code. (c) Headroom. Every required stairway shall have a headroom clearance of not less than 6 feet, 6 inches. Such clearances shall be established by measuring vertically from a plane parallel and tangent to the stairway tread nosings to the soffit above at all points. (d) Storage. Storage under exterior or interior stairways shall not be permitted unless such space is protected on the enclosed side by one -hour fire -resistive construction as specified in the Building Code. Where there is enclosed usable space under stairs, the walls and soffits of the enclosed space shall be protected on the enclosed side as required for one -hour fire -resistive construction. See Section 12.109 (e). (e) Stairway Numbering System. An approved sign shall be located at each floor level landing in all enclosed stairways of buildings four or more stories in height. The sign shall indicate the floor level, the terminus of the top and bottom of the stairway and the identification of the stairway. The sign shall be located approximately 5 feet above the floor landing in a position which is readily visible when the door is in the open or closed position. See Appendix I-B. Ramps Sec.12.107. (a) General. Ramps used as exits shall conform to the provisions of the Building Code. (b) Width. The width of the ramp shall be maintained as required for stairways. (c) Slope. The slope of ramps required by Table No. 33-A of the Building Code shall be not steeper than 1 vertical in 12 horizontal. The slope of other ramps shall be not steeper than 1 vertical in 8 horizontal. When provided with fixed seating, the main floor of the assembly room of a Group A, Division 1, Division 2, 2.1 or 3 Occupancy may have a slope not steeper than 1 vertical in 5 horizontal. 65 12.107-12.110 UNIFORM FIRE CODE g (d) Handrails. Ramps having slopes exceeding one vertical in 15 horizontal shall have handrails as required for stairways, except that intermediate handrails B shall not be required. Ramped aisles need not have handrails on sides serving fixed seating. B (e) Surface. The surface of ramps shall be maintained rough or of slip -resistant I materials. B I Horizontal Exit B Sec. 12.108. A horizontal exit may be considered as a required exit when I conforming to the provisions of the Building Code. A horizontal exit shall not B serve as the only exit from a portion of a building, and when two or more exits are Brequired, not more than one half of the total number of exits or total exit width may i be horizontal exits. A horizontal exit's fire resistance, opening protection and discharge areas shall be maintained in conformance with the requirements of the Building Code. Stairway, Ramp and Escalator Enclosures Sec. 12.109. (a) General. Every exit enclosure shall be maintained in con- formance with the requirements of the Building Code. I (b) Openings into Enclosures. There shall be no openings into exit enclosures B except exit doorways and openings in exterior walls. All exit doors in an exit I enclosure shall be protected by a fire assembly having a fire -protection rating of B not less than one hour where one -hour shaft construction is permitted and one and Bone-half hours where two-hour shaft construction is required. Doors shall be maintained self -closing or shall be automatic closing by actuation of a smoke B detector. The maximum transmitted temperature end point shall not exceed 450T I above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of the fire exposure test. B (c) Extent of Enclosure. Stairway and ramp enclosures shall include landings I and parts of floors connecting stairway flights and also shall include a corridor on B the ground floor leading from the stairway to the exterior of the building. I Enclosed corridors or passageways are not required from unenclosed stairways. B Every opening into the corridor shall comply with the requirements of the I Building.Code. B EXCEPTION: In office buildings classed as a Group B, Division 2 Occupancy, a Imaximum of 50 percent of the exits may discharge through a street floor lobby, B provided the required exit width is free and unobstructed and the entire street floor is Iprotected with an automatic sprinkler system. B (d) Barrier. A stairway in an exit enclosure shall not continue below the grade I level exit unless an approved barrier is maintained at the ground -floor level to B prevent persons from accidentally continuing into the basement. B(e) Use of Space Under Stair. There shall be no enclosed usable space under I stairways in an exit enclosure, nor shall the open space under such stairways be B used for any purpose. I Smokeproof Enclosures s Sec. 12.110. (a) General. A smokeproof enclosure shall consist of a vestibule 66 1985 EDITION 12.110-12.113 and continuous stairway enclosed from the highest point to the lowest point as E required by the Building Code. (b) Outlet. A smokeproof enclosure shall exit into a public way or into an exit B passageway leading to a public way. The exit passageway shall be maintained I without other openings. B (c) Barrier. A stairway in a smokeproof enclosure shall not continue below the I grade level unless an approved barrier is maintained at the ground level to prevent B persons from accidentally continuing into the basement. I (d) Access. Access to the stairway shall be maintained by way of a vestibule or by way of an open exterior balcony of noncombustible materials. B (e) Ventilation. Ventilation requirements for smokeproof enclosures shall be I maintained as specified in the Building Code. B All mechanical ventilating systems and related devices shall be maintained and I shall be subject to periodic tests as may be required by the chief. B i Exit Courts Sec. 12.111. (a) General. Exit courts and exits therefrom shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of the Building Code. i (b) Width. Exit court minimum widths shall be determined in accordance with provisions of the Building Code, and such required width shall be unobstructed to a height of 7 feet, except for projections permitted in corridors. The minimum exit B court width shall be not less than 44 inches. I When the width is reduced from any cause, the reduction shall be effected B gradually by a guardrail at least 3 feet in height and making an angle of not more I than 30 degrees with the axis of the exit court. (c) Openings. Required protection of openings shall be maintained. Exit Passageway Sec. 12.112. The walls of exit passageways shall be maintained without openings other than required exits. Widths and heights, fire resistance, and opening protection shall be maintained in accordance with the Building Code. Exit Illumination Sec. 12.113. (a) General. Except within individual dwelling units, guest B rooms and sleeping rooms, exits shall be illuminated at any time the building is occupied with light having intensity of not less than 1 footcandle at floor level. I EXCEPTION: In auditoriums, theaters, concert or opera halls and similar B assembly uses, the illumination at floor level may be reduced during performances to not less than 0.2 footcandle. B Fixtures required for exit illumination shall be supplied from separate circuits I or sources of power where these are required by Subsection (b). B (b) Power Supply. 1. Separate branch circuits. The power supply for exit I illumination shall be provided by two separate branch circuits of the normal B premises wiring system, unless an emergency system is installed, where the I occupant load served by the exiting system exceeds the following: 67 12.113-12.114 UNIFORM FIRE CODE A. One hundred in both Group H Occupancies and in Group R, Division 1 Occupancies. B. Fifty in Group I Occupancies. C. Three hundred in all other occupancies. One of the required circuits shall supply only fixtures used for exit illumination or exit signs. The other circuit may supply current to other outlets. In Group A Occupancies, exit illumination in portions of buildings other than the stage shall be on a separate circuit from that of the stage. Such exit illumina- tion shall be controlled from the box office or other approved central control center located in a portion of the building other than the stage. 2. Separate sources of power. The power supply for exit illumination shall normally be provided by the premises wiring system. In the event of its failure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an emergency system where the occupant load served by the exiting system exceeds: A. Nine hundred and ninety-nine in Group A, Division 1 Occupancies. B. Five hundred in Group A, Division 2 or 2.1 Occupancies except churches with an occupant load of less than 750. C. One hundred in Group I Occupancies. D. One hundred in Group R, Division I Occupancies having an interior exit corridor system. E. Five hundred in Group B, Division 2 Occupancies used for retail sales or offices. For high-rise buildings and smokeproof enclosures, see the Building Code. Emergency systems shall be supplied from storage batteries or an on -site generator set, and the system shall be installed in accordance with the require- ments of the Electrical Code. Exit Signs See.12.114. (a) Where Required. Exit signs shall be installed at required exit doorways and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate the direction of egress when the exit serves an occupant load of 50 or more. EXCEPTION: Main exterior exit doors which obviously and clearly are identi- fiable as exits need not be signed when approved by the building official. (b) Graphics. The color and design of lettering, arrows and other symbols on exit signs shall be in high contrast with their background. Words on the sign shall be in block letters 6 inches in height with a stroke of not less than 1/4 inch. (c) Illumination. Signs shall be internally or externally illuminated by two electric lamps or shall be of an approved self -luminous type. When the luminance on the face of an exit sign is from an external source, it shall have an intensity of not less than 5.0 footcandles from either lamp. Internally illuminated signs shall provide equivalent luminance. (d) Power Supply. 1. Separate branch circuits. When separate branch cir- cuits are required for exit illumination by Section 12.113 (b) 1, current supply to one of the lamps for exit signs shall be from a circuit having outlets only for other 68 1985 EDITION 12.114 exit signs or exit illumination. Power to the other lamp shall be from a separate circuit that may supply other outlets. 2. Separate sources of power. When separate sources of power are required for exit illumination by Section 12.113 (b) 2, power to one of the lamps for exit signs shall be from storage batteries or an on -site generator set and the system shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. For high-rise buildings, see the Building Code. 69 13.101-13.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 13 SMOKING Designated Areas Where Smoking Shall Be Prohibited Sec. 13.101. Where conditions are such as to make smoking a hazard in any areas of piers, wharves, warehouses, stores, industrial plants, institutions, schools, places of assembly and in open spaces where combustible materials are stored or handled, the chief is empowered and authorized to order the owner or occupant in writing to post NO SMOKING signs in each building, structure, room or place in which smoking shall be prohibited. Such signs shall be conspic- uously and suitably located. The chief shall designate specific safe locations, if necessary, in any building, structure or place in which smoking may be permitted. Smoking Sec. 13.102. (a) It shall be unlawful for any person during that period of the year declared by the chief as the hazardous season to light, ignite or otherwise set fire to or to smoke any tobacco, cigarette, pipe or cigar in or upon any moun- tainous, brush- or forest -covered land, or land covered with any flammable material, or upon any road or trail traversing any such mountainous, brush- or forest -covered land or land covered with flammable material, provided, however, that nothing in this section shall apply to the area within the boundaries of any established smoking areas as designated by the chief. (b) It shall be unlawful for any person to utilize any lighted or smoldering material in connection with smoking of bees or in or near any apiary located in or upon any mountainous, brush- or forest -covered land, or land covered with flammable material, without first having obtained a permit to do so from the chief. "No Smoking" Signs Sec. 13.103. The lettering, size, color and location of legally required NO SMOKING signs shall be subject to the approval of the chief. Removal of Signs Prohibited Sec. 13.104. It shall be unlawful for any person to remove or mutilate or destroy any legally required NO SMOKING sign. Compliance With "No Smoking" Signs Sec. 13.105. It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke or throw or deposit any lighted or smoldering substance in any place where NO SMOKING signs are posted or in any other place where smoking would occasion or constitute a fire or life hazard. 70 1985 EDITION 24.101-24.108 PART IV SPECIAL OCCUPANCY USES ARTICLE 24 AIRPORTS, HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS Division I GENERAL Scope Sec. 24.101. This article shall apply to all airports, heliports, helistops and aircraft hangars. Permits Sec. 24.102. For permits to use structures or enclosures for aircraft servicing or repair and aircraft refueling vehicles, see Section 4.101. Dispensing Flammable or Combustible Liquids Sec. 24.103. No dispensing, transfer or storage of flammable or combustible liquids shall be permitted inside of any building or structure, except as provided in Article 79. Transferring Fuel Sec. 24.104. (a) No flammable or combustible liquid shall be dispensed into or removed from the fuel system of an aircraft within any aircraft hangar. (b) No flammable or combustible liquid shall be dispensed into or removed from a container, tank, vehicle or aircraft except in a location approved by the chief. Application of Flammable or Combustible Liquid Finishes Sec. 24.105. The application of Class I or II liquid finishes shall be done only in locations approved by the chief. Cleaning Parts Sec. 24.106. It shall be unlawful for any person to clean any aircraft, engines or parts of aircraft in an aircraft hangar or within 50 feet of another aircraft, building or hangar with any flammable liquid. Drip Pans Sec. 24.107. Every aircraft hangar shall be equipped and maintained with metal drip pans under the engines of all aircraft stored or parked therein. Open Flame Sec. 24.108. Open flame, flame -producing device or other source of ignition shall not be permitted in any hangar, except in approved locations. 71 24.109-24.114 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Smoking Sec. 24.109. NO SMOKING signs shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of Article 13. Running Engines Sec. 24.110. No person shall run the engine of any aircraft in any aircraft hangar except in approved engine test areas. Repairing Aircraft Sec. 24.111. All repairing of aircraft requiring the use of open flames, spark - producing devices or the heating of parts above 500*E shall be done in the open or in an area conforming to the provisions of the Building Code for a Group H, Division 5 Occupancy. Combustible Storage Sec. 24.112. No person shall store combustible materials or other hazardous materials in an aircraft hangar, except in locations and containers approved by the chief. Portable Fire Extinguishers Sec. 24.113. (a) General. Portable fire extinguishers suitable for flammable or combustible liquid and electrical -type fires shall be provided as specified by the chief. (b) On Tbwing Vehicles. Every vehicle used for towing aircraft shall be equipped with at least one fire extinguisher having a minimum 20-B:C classifica- tion, as designated in U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. (c) On Welding Apparatus. Every welding apparatus shall be equipped with at least one fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2-A:10-B:C as designated in U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. (d) On Aircraft Refuelers. Every aircraft refueler shall be equipped with a minimum of two 20-B:C fire extinguishers, as determined in U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. A fire extinguisher shall be readily accessible from either side of the vehicle. (e) At Service Stations. At every aircraft service station there shall be at least one fire extinguisher having a minimum 10-B:C classification, as designated in U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1, and it shall be so located that no pump or dispenser shall be more than 75 feet from one such extinguisher. (f) Reporting Use. Use of any fire extinguisher equipment under any circum- stances shall be reported to the manager of the airport and the chief immediately after use. Aircraft Service Station Sec. 24.114. It shall be unlawful for any person to install, operate or maintain any aircraft service station, except in accordance with the provisions of Article 79. Transferring apparatus used or intended to be used for fueling aircraft shall be approved and shall be installed, operated and maintained in accordance with the applicable provisions of this article. 72 1985 EDITION 24.115-24.120 Pumps Sec. 24.115. All pumps of a positive displacement type shall be provided with a bypass relief valve set at a pressure of not more than 35 percent in excess of the normal working pressure of such unit. Such units shall be equipped and main- tained with a pressure gage on the discharge side of the pump. Dispensing Hose and Nozzles Sec. 24.116. Only hose which is designed for the transferring of hydrocarbon liquids will be permitted. The length of hose shall be limited to the actual needs of the individual transfer apparatus. Such hose shall be equipped with an approved shutoff nozzle. Fuel transfer nozzles shall be of self -closing type, designed to be actuated by hand pressure only. No notches or other devices shall be used for holding nozzle valve handle in open position. Such nozzles shall be equipped with a grounding cable complete with proper attachment for aircraft to be serviced. Protection of Electrical Equipment Sec. 24.117. Electric wiring, switches, lights and other sources of ignition, when located in a compartment housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, water separators, hose reels, etc., shall be enclosed in a vapor -tight housing. Electrical motors located in such a compartment shall be of a type approved for use as specified in the Electrical Code. Venting of Equipment Compartments Sec. 24.118. Compartments housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, water separators, hose reels, etc., shall be adequately ventilated at floor level or within the floor itself. Accessory Equipment Sec. 24.119. Ladders, hose reels and similar accessory equipment shall be of an approved type and constructed substantially as follows: 1. Ladders constructed of noncombustible material may be used with or attached to any aircraft refueler unit, provided the manner of attachment or use of such ladder is approved and shall not occasion or constitute any additional fire or accident hazard in the operation of such refueler unit. 2. Hose reels used in connection with any such refueler unit shall be con- structed of noncombustible materials and shall be provided with a packing gland or other device which will preclude fuel leakage between such reel and the fuel manifold in connection therewith. Bonding and Grounding Sec. 24.120. (a) General. Every transfer apparatus shall be metallically interconnected with the tank, chassis, axles and springs of every aircraft refueler unit. (b) Grounding Cables. Every aircraft refueler unit shall be provided and maintained with a substantial heavy-duty ground cable of sufficient length to be bonded to the aircraft to be serviced. Such cable shall be metallically connected to the transfer apparatus or chassis of the aircraft refueler unit on one end and shall 73 24.120-24.202 UNIFORM FIRE CODE be provided with a suitable metal clamp on the other end, to be fixed to the aircraft. The ground cable shall be bare or have a transparent protective sleeve and be carried on a reel or in a compartment provided for no other purpose in such a manner that it will not be subjected to sharp kinks or accidental breakage under conditions of general use. Regulations Not Covered Sec. 24.121. Any regulation not specifically contained herein pertaining to airports, aircraft hangars and appurtenant operations shall comply with nationally recognized standards. (See U.F.C. Standard No. 24-1.) Division II REFUELER UNITS Construction of Aircraft Refuelers Sec. 24.201. (a) General. Tank vehicles shall be designed and constructed in accordance with U.F.C. Standards Nos. 24-1 and 79-4. For permits to operate refueling vehicles, see Section 4.101. (b) Transfer Apparatus. Every aircraft refueler unit shall be equipped and maintained with an approved transfer apparatus. 1. If such transfer apparatus is operated by an individual unit of the internal combustion motor type, such power unit shall be located as remotely as practicable from any pumps, piping, meters, air eliminators, water separa- tors, hose reels, etc., and shall be housed in a separate compartment from any of the aforementioned items; the fuel tanks in connection therewith shall be suitably designated and installed, and the maximum capacity shall not exceed 5 U.S. gallons when such tank is installed on any such engine in any compartment housing any such engine. The exhaust pipe, muffler and tail pipe shall be shielded. 2. If operated by gears or chains, the gears, chains, shafts, bearings, housing and all parts thereof shall be of an approved design and shall be installed in a workmanlike manner and so maintained. 3. Flexible connections for the purpose of eliminating vibration may be permitted if the material used therein is designated, installed and main- tained in an approved manner and provided such connections do not exceed 24 inches in length. Operation, Maintenance and Use of Aircraft Refueler Units Sec. 24.202. The following regulations shall apply to the operation, mainte- nance and use of aircraft refueler units in addition to all other applicable provi- sions of this article. 1. Aircraft refueler units shall be stored outside of, and not less than 50 feet from, any building at a location approved by the manager of the airport and the chief. 74 1985 EDITION 24.202-24.205 Mechanical repairs on such units shall be done only at approved locations. Minor adjustments or repairs may be made when necessary to move such unit to the storage location when failure occurs elsewhere in the airport. Every aircraft refueler unit which is operated by any person other than the permittee or his regularly authorized employee shall be provided with a legible sign visible from the outside thereof showing the name of the person, firm or corporation operating such unit. Fueling and Defueling Sec. 24.203 (a) Parking Location. Aircraft refueler units shall not be located, parked or permitted to stand under any portion of an aircraft nor in any position where such unit would obstruct egress from any aircraft should fire occur during fuel transfer operations. (b) Bonding and Grounding. Every aircraft refueler unit shall be electrically bonded to the aircraft being fueled or defueled and either the aircraft refueler unit or the aircraft shall be adequately grounded in an approved manner. A drag chain or flexible ground conductor shall not be deemed to fulfill the requirements of this section for grounding during fuel transfer. Transfer nozzles shall be equipped with approved bonding conductors which shall be clipped or otherwise positively engaged with the bonding attachment provided on the aircraft adjacent to the fuel tank cap. All bonding and ground connections required by this section shall be made prior to any fuel transfer and shall not be disconnected until fuel transfer opera- tions are completed. (c) Transfer Personnel. During fuel transfer operations, a qualified person shall be in control of each transfer nozzle and another qualified person shall be in immediate control of the fuel -pumping equipment to shut off or otherwise control the flow of fuel from the time fueling operations are begun until they are completed. EXCEPTION: For underwing refueling, the person stationed at the point of fuel intake is not required. (d) Hold -open Devices on Nozzles. Fuel transfer nozzles shall not be held in the open position by any device other than by direct hand pressure of the operator. Oualifled Operator Sec. 24.204. Aircraft refueler units shall be attended and operated only by persons instructed in methods of proper use and operation and who are qualified to use such refueler units in accordance with minimum safety requirements. Each qualified operator shall be required to carry on his person an identification card issued by his employer certifying his qualifications. Protection of Hose Sec. 24.205. Fuel transfer hose shall be properly placed on the approved reel or in the compartment provided, or may be stored on top decking of refueler, if proper height rail is provided for security and protection of such equipment before any aircraft refueler unit is moved. Such transfer hose shall not be looped or 75 24.205-24.208 UNIFORM FIRE CODE draped over any part of the refueler unit, except as herein provided, nor shall fuel transfer hose be dragged when such refueler unit is moved from one fueling position to another. Maintenance Sec. 24.206. Every aircraft refueler unit and all equipment used in connection therewith shall be maintained in a safe operating condition and good repair at all times. On finding any aircraft servicing equipment which is in use during fueling operations to be defective or in a state of disrepair, and by reason of such defect or state of disrepair the use of such aircraft servicing equipment constitutes an undue fire hazard, the chief shall order the use of such equipment discontinued until such repairs, replacements or changes are made as may be necessary to render the same safe for continued use. No person shall use any such defective equipment until_ the same is rendered safe to the satisfaction of the chief. Loading and Unloading Sec. 24.207. Aircraft refueler units shall be loaded only at an approved loading rack, except, when defueling aircraft, such unit may be loaded from the fuel tanks of aircraft. The fuel cargo of any such unit shall be unloaded only by approved transfer apparatus into the fuel tanks of aircraft, underground storage tanks or approved gravity storage tanks. Passengers Sec. 24.208. Passenger traffic may be permitted during the time fuel transfer operations are in progress, provided the following provisions are strictly enforced by the owner of such aircraft or his authorized employee. 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke or produce any open flame in the cabin of the aircraft or on the outside thereof within 50 feet of such aircraft. A qualified employee of the air vehicle owner shall be responsible for seeing that the passengers are not allowed to smoke when remaining aboard the aircraft nor while going across the ramp from the gate to such aircraft, or vice versa. 2. Passengers shall not be permitted to linger about the plane, but shall proceed directly between the loading gate and the aircraft. 3. Passenger loading stands shall be left in loading position until all fuel transfer operations are completed. 4. Fuel transfer operations shall not be performed on the main exit side of any aircraft containing passengers except when the owner of such aircraft or a capable and qualified employee of such owner shall remain inside the aircraft to direct and assist the escape of such passengers through regular and emergency exits in the event fire should occur during such fuel transfer operations. 76 1985 EDITION 24.209-24.305 Smoking, Open Flame and Service Equipment Sec. 24.209. It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke or produce any open flame within 50 feet of any point where fuel is being transferred, nor shall any electrical or motor -driven device be connected to or disconnected from any aircraft at any time fueling operations are in progress on such aircraft. Division III HELISTOPS General Sec. 24.301. Helistops on buildings that have been constructed in accordance with requirements of the Building Code or other locations must be maintained in accordance with Article 24, Division III, of this code. Clearance Sec. 24.302. The touchdown area shall be surrounded on all sides by a clear area having minimum average width at roof level of 15 feet but no width less than 5 feet and shall be so maintained. Class I or Class II Liquid Spillage Sec. 24.303. Landing areas on structures shall be so maintained as to confine any Class I or Class II liquid spillage to the landing area itself, and provision shall be made to drain such spillage away from any exit or stairway serving the helicopter landing area or from a structure housing such exit or stairway. Exit Ways Sec. 24.304. Exits and stairways from helistops shall be maintained in compli- ance with Article 12 of this code, except that all landing areas located on buildings or structures shall have two or more exits. For landing platforms or roof areas less than 60 feet in length or less than 2000 square feet in area, the second exit may be a fire escape or ladder leading to the floor below. Federal Aviation Approval Sec. 24.305. Before operating helicopters from helistops, approval must be obtained from the Federal Aviation Agency. 77 25.101-25.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 25 PLACES OF ASSEMBLY Division I GENERAL Permits Sec. 25.101. For permits to operate a place of assembly, see Section 4.101. Supervision and Communication System Sec. 25.102. (a) Supervision. Every place of assembly shall be under the constant supervision of a competent adult on the premises during the time that the premises are open to the public. (b) Communication. When required by the chief, places of assembly shall be provided with a method for notifying the fire department in event of an emer- gency. Such method may consist of a telephone, an alarm system intertied to the fire department or other approved agency, or other approved means. Any such approved method shall be readily available to the public. Decorative Material Sec. 25.103. (a) All drapes, hangings, curtains, drops and all other decorative material, including Christmas trees, that would tend to increase the fire and panic hazard shall be made from material which is not flammable material or shall be treated and maintained in a flame-retardant condition by means of flame-retardant solution or a process approved by the chief. Exit doors, exit lights, fire alarm sending stations, wet standpipe hose cabinets and fire-extinguisher locations shall not be concealed or obstructed by any decorative material. (b) Treatments used to accomplish this flame retardation shall be renewed as often as may be necessary to maintain the flame -retardation effect. Pyroxylin -coated Fabric Sec. 25.104. Pyroxylin -coated fabric used as a decorative material in accor- dance with Section 25.103 or a surface covering on fixed furnishings, shall be limited in amount to the following: Such fabrics containing 1.4 ounces or more of cellulose nitrate per square yard shall not be used in excess of a total amount equivalent to 1 square foot of fabric surface to 15 cubic feet of room volume. Each square foot of such fabric which contains 1.7 ounces or more of cellulose nitrate per square yard shall be counted as 2 square feet in making this computation. (May be measured by folding a piece to five thicknesses and measuring to see if the thickness of five layers exceeds''/a inch.) Motion Picture Screens Sec. 25.105. In places of assembly, motion picture screens or screen masking shall not be used unless it is in compliance with Section 25.103. 78 1985 EDITION 25.106-25.107 Exit Doors B Sec. 25.106. (a) General. Exit doors shall comply with the provisions of Section 12.104 and the provisions of this section. B (b) Panic Hardware. 1. Group A, Division 1. An exit door from a Group A, I Division I Occupancy having an occupant load of 50 or more shall not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic hardware. 2. In Group A, Divisions 2, 2.1 and 3 Occupancies. In Group A, Divisions 2, B 2.1 and 3 Occupancies having an occupant load of more than 50, exit doors shall B not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic hardware. I EXCEPTION: In Group A, Division 3 Occupancies and in all churches, panic B hardware may be omitted from the main exit when the main exit consists of a single I door or pair of doors. A key -locking device may be used in place of the panic B hardware, provided there is a readily visible durable sign adjacent to the doorway I stating "THIS DOOR MUST REMAIN UNLOCKED DURING BUSINESS B HOURS." The sign shall be in letters not less than 1 inch high on a contrasting background. When unlocked, the single door or both leaves of a pair of doors must B be free to swing without operation of any latching device. When a pair of doors is I installed, one leaf shall have no locking devices whatsoever, and the second leaf shall be arranged to latch or lock into the frame and into the first leaf in such a B manner that a single unlocking action will unlock both leaves simultaneously. Flush, I edge or surface bolts or any other type of device that may be used to close or restrain B the door other than by operation of the locking device are prohibited. The use of this I exception may be revoked by the building official for due cause. B 3. Group A, Division 4. In Group A, Division 4 Occupancies having an B occupant load of more than 50, exit doors shall not be provided with a latch or lock I unless it is panic hardware. B Panic hardware may be waived on gates surrounding stadiums when the gates I are under constant immediate supervision while the public is present and provided B safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet per occupant are located between the stadium and the fence. The required dispersal area shall be located not less than 50 feet from the stadium. Aisles Sec. 25.107. (a) General. Aisles leading to required exits shall be provided B from all portions of buildings. I (b) Width. Aisle widths shall be provided in accordance with the following: 1. In areas serving employees only, the minimum aisle width may be 24 B inches but not less than the width required by the number of employees served. B 2. In public areas of Group B, Division 2 Occupancies, and in assembly I occupancies without fixed seats, the minimum clear aisle width shall be 36 B inches where tables, counters, furnishings, merchandise or other similar I obstructions are placed on one side of the aisle only and 44 inches when B such obstructions are placed on both sides of the aisle. I 3. In assembly occupancies with fixed seats. B A. With standard seating, every aisle shall be not less than 3 feet when 79 25.107-25.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE serving seats on only one side and not less than 42 inches wide when serving seats on both sides. Such minimum width shall be measured from the point farthest from the exit, cross aisle or foyer and such minimum width shall be increased by 1'/z inches for each 5 feet of length toward the exit, cross aisle or foyer. B. With continental seating as specified in Section 25.108, side aisles shall be provided and be not less than 44 inches in width. B (c) Distances to Nearest Exit. In areas occupied by seats and in Group A Occupancies without seats, the line of travel to an exit door by an aisle shall be not B more than 150 feet. Such travel distance may be increased to 200 feet if the building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system. B (d) Aisle Spacing. With standard seating, aisles shall be so located that there I will be not more than six intervening seats between any seat and the nearest aisle. B With continental seating, the number of intervening seats may be increased, Bprovided the seating configuration conforms with the requirements specified in I Section 25.108. B When benches or pews are used, the number of seats shall be based on one person for each 18 inches of length of pew or bench. B (e) Cross Aisles. Aisles shall terminate in a cross aisle, foyer or exit. The width I of the cross aisle shall be not less than the sum of the required width of the widest B aisle plus 50 percent of the total required width of the remaining aisles leading I thereto. In Groups A and E Occupancies, aisles shall have a dead end not greater than 20 feet in length. B (f) Vomitories. Vomitories connecting the foyer or main exit with the cross I aisles shall have a total width not less than the sum of the required width of the B widest aisle leading thereto plus 50 percent of the total required width of the I remaining aisles leading thereto. B (g) Slope. The slope portion of aisles shall be not steeper than 1 vertical in 8 I horizontal, except as permitted in Section 12.107 (c). B (h) Steps. Steps shall not be used in an aisle when the change in elevation can be I achieved by a slope conforming to Section 25.108 (g). A single step or riser shall B not be used in any aisle. Steps in aisles shall extend across the full width of the I aisle and shall be illuminated. Treads and risers in such steps shall comply with s the Building Code. B Seat Spacing I Sec. 25.108. (a) Standard Seating. With standard seating, the spacing of rows B of seats shall provide a space of not less than 12 inches from the back of one seat to the front of the most forward projection of the seat immediately behind it as a measured horizontally between vertical planes. B (b) Continental Seating. The number of seats per row of seats for continental I seating may be increased, subject to all of the following conditions: B 1. The spacing of unoccupied seats shall provide a clear width between rows I of seats measured horizontally as follows (automatic- or self -rising seats ti shall be measured in the seat -up position, other seats shall be measured in 80 1985 EDITION 25.108-25.113 the seat -down position): 18 inches between rows for 1 to 18 seats 20 inches between rows for 19 to 35 seats 21 inches between rows for 36 to 45 seats 22 inches between rows for 46 to 59 seats 24 inches between rows for 60 seats or more 2. Exit doors shall be provided along each side aisle of the row of seats at the rate of one pair of doors for each five rows of seats. 3. Each pair of exit doors shall provide a minimum clear width of 66 inches discharging into a foyer, lobby or the exterior of the building. 4. There should be not more than five seat rows between pairs of doors. (c) Bonding of Chairs. All loose seats, folding chairs or similar seating facilities that are not fixed to the floor shall be bonded together in groups of not less than three. EXCEPTIONS: 1. When not more than 300 such seats, chairs or facilities are provided, bonding thereof may be deleted. 2. The bonding of chairs shall not be required when tables are provided, as when the occupancy is used for dining or similar purposes. (d) Bleacher Seats and Grandstands. Bleacher seats and reviewing stands shall conform to the requirements of Divisions II, III and IV of this article. Use of Exit Ways Sec. 25.109. No part of a stairway, whether interior or exterior, nor of a smokeproof enclosure, hallway, corridor, vestibule, balcony or bridge leading to a stairway or exit of any kind, shall be used in any way that will obstruct its use as an exit or that will present a hazardous condition. Ashtrays Sec. 25.110. Where smoking is permitted, there shall be provided on each table and at other convenient places approved noncombustible ashtrays or match receivers. Fire Appliances Sec. 25.111. All fire appliances shall be kept in proper working condition. Extinguishers and hose and similar appliances shall be visible and accessible at all times. It shall be the duty of the owner and the occupant of each building or part of a building occupied as a place of assembly to properly train sufficient regular employees in the use of fire appliances. Plan of Exit Ways and Aisles Sec. 25.112. When requested by the chief, a plan indicating the seating arrangements, location and width of exit ways and aisles shall be submitted for approval, and an approved copy of the plan shall be kept on display on the premises. Marking and Lighting of Exits Sec. 25.113. All exits in places of assembly shall be identified and lighted in accordance with Article 12 of this code. 81 25.114-25.116 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Maximum Occupant Load B Sec. 25.114. (a) Posting of Room Capacity. Any room having an occupant I load of more than 50 where fixed seats are not installed, and which is used for classroom, assembly or similar purpose, shall have the capacity of the room B posted in a conspicuous place on an approved sign near the main exit from the I room. Such sign shall be maintained legible by the owner or his authorized agent B and shall indicate the number of occupants permitted for each room use. (b) Determination of Occupant Load. The number of persons in any building or portion thereof shall not exceed the amount determined as specified in the Building Code except that where such additional exit facilities are provided the occupant load may be increased by not more than 10 percent, when approved by the chief, without being considered overcrowding. (c) Overcrowding. No person shall permit overcrowding or admittance of any person beyond the approved capacity of any place of public assemblage. The chief, upon finding any overcrowding conditions or obstruction in aisles, pas- sageways or other means of egress; or upon finding any condition which con- stitutes a serious menace to life, shall cause the performance, presentation, spectacle or entertainment to be stopped until such condition or obstruction is corrected. Candles and Other Open -flame Devices Sec. 25.115. Candles and other open -flame devices shall not be used in places of public assemblage nor drinking or dining establishments. EXCEPTIONS: 1. When used in conjunction with approved heating or cooking appliances in areas not accessible to the public. 2. When used in conformance with Section 25.116. Requirements for Use of Candles and Other Open -flame Devices Sec. 25.116. (a) Permits. For permits to use candles or other open flames in assembly areas, see Section 4.101. (b) General. The use of candles and other open -flame devices shall comply with the following: 1. Open -flame food preparation. The preparation of flaming foods or bev- erages shall be in accordance with the following: A. Flammable liquids may be used in the preparation of flaming foods and beverages only when dispensed from one of the following: (i) A 1-ounce container. (ii) A container not to exceed 1 quart with a controlled pouring device that will limit the flow to I ounce. B. Flaming foods or beverages shall be prepared only in the immediate vicinity of the table being served. They shall not be transported or carried while burning. C. The person preparing the flaming foods or beverages shall have a wet cloth towel immediately available for use in smothering the flames in the event of emergency. 82 1985 EDITION 25.116-25.117 D. The serving of flaming foods or beverages shall be done in a safe manner and shall not create high flames. The pouring, ladling or spooning of liquids is restricted to a maximum height of 8 inches above the receiving receptacle. E. All containers, when not in use, shall be secured to prevent spillage. 2. Candles and other open -flame decorative lighting. Candles and other open -flame decorative lighting shall comply with the following: A. Class I and II liquids and liquefied petroleum gases shall not be used. B. Liquid- or solid -fueled lighting devices containing more than 8 ounces must self -extinguish and not leak fuel at a rate of more than one-fourth teaspoon per minute if tipped over. C. The devices or holder shall be constructed to prevent the spilling of liquid fuel or wax at the rate of more than one-fourth teaspoon per minute when the device or holder is not in an upright position. D. The device or holder shall be designed so that it will return to the upright position after being tilted to an angle of 45 degrees from vertical. EXCEPTION: Units that self -extinguish if tipped over and that do not spill fuel or wax at the rate of more than one-fourth teaspoon per minute if tipped over. E. The flame shall be enclosed, except as follows: (i) Openings on the sides shall not be more than 3/8 inch in diameter. (ii) Openings on the top and the distance to the top shall be such that a single layer of tissue paper placed on the top will not ignite in 10 seconds. F. Chimneys shall be made of noncombustible materials. Such chimneys shall be securely attached to the open -flame device. EXCEPTION: The chimney need not be attached to any open -flame device that will self -extinguish if the device is tipped over. G. Fuel cannisters must be safely sealed for storage. H. Storage and handling of combustible liquid shall be in accordance with Section 79.201 (e) 1. I. Shades, if used, shall be made of noncombustible materials and securely attached to the open -flame device holder or chimney. J. Candelabra with flame -lighted candles shall be securely fastened in place to prevent overturning and located away from occupants using the area and away from possible contact of drapes, curtains or other combustibles. K. When, in the opinion of the chief, adequate safeguards have been taken, hand-held flame -lighted candles may be permitted. Hand-held candles shall not be passed from one person to another while lighted. Standby Personnel Sec. 25.117. Whenever, in the opinion of the chief, it is essential for public safety in any place of public assembly or any other place where people con- gregate, due to the number of persons, or the nature of the performance, exhibi- tion, display, contest or activity, the owner, agent or lessee shall employ one or 83 25.117-25.205 UNIFORM FIRE CODE more qualified persons, as required and approved by the chief, to be on duty at such place. Such individuals shall be subject to the chief's orders at all times when so employed and shall be in uniform and remain on duty during the times such places are open to the public, or when such activity is being conducted. Before each performance or the start of such activity, such individuals shall inspect the required fire appliances provided to see that they are in proper place and in good working order, and shall keep diligent watch for fires during the time such place is open to the public or such activity is being conducted and take prompt measures for extinguishment of fires that may occur. Such individuals shall not be required or permitted, while on duty, to perform any other duties than those herein specified. Division II REVIEWING STANDS, GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS Scope B Sec. 25.201. The provisions of this division apply to reviewing stands, grand- stands and bleachers. (See Division III for folding and telescoping seating.) B Definitions I Sec. 25.202. For the purpose of this division, the definitions of BLEACHERS, B DISPERSAL AREA, SAFE, FOOTBOARDS, GRANDSTANDS, OPEN-AIR I GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS, PERMANENT STANDS, REVIEW- B ING STANDS, and TEMPORARY SEATING FACILITIES are as set forth in I Article 9. B Height of Grandstands and Bleachers B Sec. 25.203. The height of grandstands and bleachers shall be in accordance I with the Building Code. B Structural Requirements B Sec. 25.204. Grandstands and bleachers shall be designed in accordance with I the requirements in the Building Code. B Design of Reviewing Stands, Grandstands and Bleachers BSec. 25.205. (a) General Requirements. 1. Row spacing. There shall be a I clear space of not less than 12 inches measured horizontally between the back or B backrest of each seat and the front of the seat immediately behind it. The I minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from back to back shall be: A. Twenty-two inches for seats without backrests. B. Thirty inches for seats with backrests. B I C. Thirty-three inches for chair seating. B 2. Rise between rows. The maximum rise from one row of seats to the next shall not exceed 16 inches unless the seat spacing from back to back measured B horizontally is 40 inches or more. 84 1985 EDITION 25.205 EXCEPTION: When automatic- or self -rising seats are installed, the rise B between rows may be increased to 24 inches with the horizontal spacing back to back of 33 inches. B 3. Seating capacity determination. When bench -type seating is used, the I number of seats shall be based on one person for each 18 inches of length of the B bench. I 4. Aisles. A. Aisles required. Aisles shall be provided in all seating facilities BI except that aisles may be omitted when all of the following conditions exist: B (i) Seats are without backrests. (ii) The rise from row to row does not exceed 12 inches per row. B (iii) The number of rows does not exceed 11 in height. s (iv) The top seating board is not over 10 feet above grade. (v) The first seating board is not more than 20 inches above grade. a B.Obstructions. No obstruction shall be placed in the required width of any aisle or exitway. B C. Width. Aisles serving seats on both sides shall have a minimum width of 42 I inches. When serving seats on only one side, the aisle shall have a minimum width B of 36 inches. B 5. Cross aisles and vomitories. Cross aisles and vomitories shall be not less than 54 inches in clear width and shall extend to an exit, enclosed stairway or B exterior perimeter ramp. I 6. Stairs and ramps. All stairs and ramps shall have a maximum rise and run B as provided in the Building Code, except those within the seating area which serve I as aisles at right angles to the rows of seats where the rise shall not exceed 8 B inches. When an aisle terminates at an elevation more than 8 inches above grade, I the aisle shall be provided with a stairway or ramp whose width is not less than the width of the aisle. 7. Guardrails. Perimeter guardrails or enclosing walls or fencing shall be B provided for all portions of elevated seating facilities which are more than 30 B inches above grade or floor. Construction of guardrails shall comply with the I Building Code. Guardrails shall be 42 inches above the rear of a seat board or 42 B inches above the rear of steps in an aisle when the guardrail is parallel and adjacent I to the aisle. B EXCEPTION: Guardrails at the front of the front row of seats, which are not I located at the end of an aisle and where there is no cross aisle, may have a height of B 26 inches, provided a midrail shall be installed. I The open vertical space between footboards and seats shall not exceed 9 inches B when footboards are more than 30 inches above grade. I 8. Toeboards. A 4-inch-high vertical barrier shall be installed along the edge B of walking platforms whenever guardrails are required. I EXCEPTION: Toeboards shall not be required at the ends of footboards. B 9. Footboards. Footboards shall be provided for all rows of seats above the third row or beginning at such a point where the seating plank is more than 2 feet I above grade. Where the same platform is used for both seating and footrests, B 85 25.205 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B footrests will not be required, provided each level or platform is not less than 24 I inches wide. Footboards in bleachers at a level below the seat board it serves are B not to be considered as walking platforms but shall be not less than a structural I grade of 2-inch by 8-inch lumber or equivalent. When aisles are required by B Section 25.205 (a) 4, footboards not less than 18 inches in width shall be installed between each row of seats. R (b) Special Requirements. 1. Grandstands and bleachers within buildings. Except as otherwise provided in this section, grandstands and bleachers within a building shall comply with the other applicable sections of this chapter. EXCEPTIONS: 1. When seats are without backrests, there may be nine seats between any seat and an aisle. 2. When seats are without backrests, dead ends in vertical aisles shall not exceed a depth of 16 rows. 2. Open-air grandstands and bleachers. Except as otherwise provided in Items A through I below, open-air grandstands and bleachers shall comply with the other applicable sections of this chapter. A. Number of seats between aisles. The number of seats between any seat and an aisle shall be not greater than 20 when the seats are without backrests and nine if the seats have backrests. B I B B. Dead ends. Dead ends in vertical aisles shall not exceed a depth of 16 rows B for permanent grandstands and 26 rows for temporary grandstands. I C. Distance to exit. The line of travel from any seat to a safe dispersal area exit B ramp, enclosed stairway or vomitory shall be not more than 200 feet. When the I seats have no backrests, the distance may be measured by direct line. BB D. Safe dispersal area. Each safe dispersal area shall have a minimum of two exits. If more than 6000 persons are to be accommodated within a dispersal area, I there shall be a minimum of three exits and for more than 9000 persons there shall B be at least four exits. The aggregate clear width of exits from a safe dispersal area I shall be determined on the basis of not less than one exit unit of 22 inches for each B 500 persons to be accommodated and no exit shall be less than 44 inches in width. I E. TWo exits required. Two exits shall be provided from every stand which accommodates more than 300 persons. F. Three exits required. Three exits shall be required when a grandstand or B section thereof accommodates more than 1000 persons. BG. Four exits required. Four exits shall be provided when a grandstand or I section thereof accommodates more than 3000 persons. B H. Determination of exit width. The total width of exits in feet shall be not I less than the total occupant load served divided by 150 when exiting by stairs and B divided by 200 when exiting by ramps, corridors, tunnels or vomitories. I I. Minimum exit width. No exit shall be less than 42 inches in width. B 86 1985 EDITION 25.301-25.304 Division III B FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING Scope s Sec. 25.301. Folding and telescoping seating facilities shall conform to the provisions of this section. B Definition I B Sec. 25.302. For the purpose of this division, the definition of FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING is as set forth in Article 9. B Design Requirements I B Sec. 25.303. Folding and telescoping seating shall be designed in accordance with the requirements in the Building Code. B General Requirements Sec. 25.304. (a) Aisles. Aisles shall be required when any of the following conditions exist: 1. Backrest -type seating is used. 2. Rise from row to row exceeds 12 inches per row. 3. Exiting from seating is restricted by railings or other obstacles. 4. Row spacing exceeds 28 inches unless seat boards and footboards are at the same elevation. 5. Seat boards are of other than continuous flat surfaces. 6. The number of rows exceeds 11 in height. (b) Number of Seats Between Aisles. When aisles are provided, aisles shall be arranged so that the number of seats between any seat and the nearest aisle shall not exceed: 1. For seating within a building, the number of seats between any seat and an aisle shall not exceed nine when seats are without backrests and six if seats have backrests. 2. For seating not within a building, the number of seats between any seat and an aisle shall not exceed 20 when seats are without backrests and 11 if seats have backrests. (c) Aisle Width. Aisles shall be not less than 34 inches in clear width. When an aisle is divided by a portal, column or other obstruction, a minimum aisle clear width of 22 inches shall be provided on each side of such obstructions. (d) Aisle Steps. Intermediate aisle steps are not required when the rise per row is 12 inches or less. When the rise per row exceeds 12 inches, an intermediate aisle step shall be provided; this step shall divide the rise into two or more equal parts of not more than 12 inches each and have a minimum tread width of 10 inches. When the seat board and footboard are not on the same elevation in a bleacher installa- tion requiring intermediate aisle steps, the rear corner of each seat board adjacent to the aisle shall be chamfered to a maximum of 4'/2 inches by 45 degrees to B I B I B B I B I B B I B I B B B 87 B B B B B 25.304-25.401 UNIFORM FIRE CODE provide a minimum of 6 inches of ankle clearance between aisle step and seat board. (e) Seating. The horizontal distance back to back of seats shall be not less than 22 inches for seats without backrests. There shall be a space of not less than 12 inches between the back of each seat and the front of each seat immediately behind it. If seats are of the chair type, the 12-inch dimension shall be measured to the front edge of the rear seat in its normal unoccupied position. All measurements shall be taken between plumb lines. The width of footboards and seat boards shall be not less than 9 inches. When the same level is not used for both seat boards and footboards, footboards independent of seats shall be provided. (f) Guardrails. Perimeter guardrails or enclosing walls or fencing shall be provided for all portions of elevated seating facilities which are more than 30 inches above grade or floor. Construction of guardrails shall comply with the Building Code. Guardrails shall be 42 inches above the rear of a seat board or 42 inches above the rear of the steps in an aisle when the guardrail is parallel and adjacent to the aisle. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Guardrails at the front of the front row of seats, which are not located at the end of an aisle and where there is no cross aisle, may have a height of 26 inches, provided a midrail is installed. 2. When seating is adjacent to wall or fence within 6 inches of seating and of sufficient height and strength to afford the intended protection, guardrails may be omitted. Cross aisles located within the seating area shall be provided with guardrails not less than 26 inches high along the front edge of the aisle. EXCEPTION: When the backs of the seats in front of the cross aisle project 24 inches or more above the surface of the cross aisle, guardrails may be omitted. Division IV SECURING OF CHAIRS General Sec. 25.401. (a) Raised Stands. Chairs and benches used on raised stands shall be secured to the platforms upon which they are placed. EXCEPTION: When less than 25 chairs are used upon a single raised platform, the fastening of seats to the platform may be omitted. (b) Ground Seats. When more than 500 loose chairs are used in connection with athletic events, chairs shall be fastened together in groups of not less than three and shall be tied or staked to the ground. 88 1985 EDITION 26.101-26.104 ARTICLE 26 BOWLING ALLEYS General Sec. 26.101. Bowling alleys shall conform to all other applicable requirements of this code as well as the following provisions. Permits Sec. 26.102. For permits for bowling pin refinishing or bowling alley resurfac- ing, see Section 4.101. Alley Resurfacing and Refinishing Sec. 26.103. Resurfacing and refinishing operations shall not be carried on while the establishment is open for business. The fire department shall be notified when alleys are to be resurfaced or refinished. Approved ventilation shall be provided. Heating, ventilating or cooling systems employing recirculation of air shall not be operated during resurfacing and refinishing operations or within four hours following the application of flammable finishes. All electric motors or other equipment in the area which might be a source of ignition shall be shut down, and all smoking and use of open flames prohibited during the application of flam- mable finishes and for one hour thereafter. Pin Refinishing Sec. 26.104. (a) Pin refinishing involving the application of flammable or combustible finishes or sanding or buffing operations, if done within a building, shall be done only in a special room meeting the requirements of Article 79, Division VIII. (b) Sanding and buffing machines shall be provided with approved equipment for collecting dust during such operations. Contents shall be removed daily and disposed of safely. (c) All power tools shall be effectively grounded. (d) Storage of flammable or combustible liquids in such rooms shall not exceed a combined aggregate of 60 gallons. When such storage exceeds 10 gallons, it Z a shall be in a flammable liquid storage cabinet or in approved safety containers not m �` exceeding 5 gallons individual capacity. A metal waste can with a self -closing a W cover shall be provided for all waste rags and materials, contents to be removed ;� a daily. Smoking shall be prohibited at all times in pin -refinishing rooms. U d 89 27.101-27.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 27 CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (PYROXYLIN), STORAGE AND HANDLING Definition Sec. 27.101. For definition of CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (PYROX- YLIN), see Section 9.105. Permits Sec. 27.102. For permits to store, handle, manufacture or assemble articles of cellulose nitrate, see Section 4.101. Display of Plastics Sec. 27.103. All display of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) articles in stores shall be in show cases or show windows except as permitted below: (a) Articles may be placed on tables, but no table shall be over 3 feet wide and 10 feet long, and tables shall be spaced at least 3 feet apart. Where articles are displayed on counters, they shall be arranged in like manner. (b) Spaces underneath tables shall be kept free of storage of any kind and of accumulations of paper, refuse and other combustible material. (c) Sales or display tables shall be so located that in the event of a fire at the table, the table will not interfere with free exit from the room, in at least one direction. (d) No light (electric, fluorescent or gas) shall be located directly above any cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) material, unless provided with a suitable guard to prevent heated particles falling. Storage and Handling Sec. 27.104. All raw cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) material in factory building shall be kept and handled as follows: (a) Where raw material in excess of 25 pounds is received in any building or fire area, an approved vented cabinet or approved vented vault equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be provided for the storage of the material. (b) Not more than 1000 pounds of raw material may be stored in cabinets in any one workroom, but not more than 500 pounds in any one cabinet, nor more than 250 pounds in one compartment. (c) All raw material in excess of that permitted above shall be kept in vented vaults not exceeding 1500-cubic-foot capacity and with one approved automatic sprinkler head to each 125 cubic feet of total vault space and with construction and venting in conformity with the requirements prescribed in Section 33.104 and satisfactory to the chief. (d) Cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) shall not be stored within 2 feet of any heat -producing appliances, steam pipes, radiators or chimneys. (e) In factories manufacturing articles of cellulose nitrate plastics (pyroxylin), such sprinklered and vented cabinets, vaults or storage rooms, approved by the 90 1985 EDITION 27.104-27.106 chief, shall be provided as may be necessary to prevent the accumulation in workrooms of raw stock in process or finished articles. (f) In the workrooms of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) factories, operators shall not be stationed closer together than 3 feet, and the amount of material per operator shall not exceed one-half day's supply and shall be limited to the capacity of three tote boxes, including material awaiting removal or use. (g) All waste cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) materials such as shavings, chips, turnings, sawdust edgings and trimmings shall be kept under water in metal receptacles until removed from the premises. Fire Protection Equipment Sec. 27.105. The manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) in quantities exceeding 100 pounds shall be located in a building or portion thereof equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. Sources of Ignition Sec. 27.106. (a) Sources of ignition shall not be permitted in any room in which cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) in excess of 25 pounds is handled or stored. (b) Such rooms shall be heated by low-pressure steam or hot-water radiators. 91 28.101-28.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 28 STORAGE AND HANDLING OF COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS Definitions Sec. 28.101. For definitions of COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS, COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE BINS, COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE ROOMS, UNPROTECTED COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT and PRO- TECTED COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, see Article 9. Permits Sec. 28.102. For permits to store or handle combustible fibers, see Section 4.101. Loose Storage Sec. 28.103. Loose combustible fibers (not in suitable bales or packages) shall be stored as shown in Table No. 28.103 TABLE NO. 28.103 CU. FT. MATERIALS METHOD OF STORAGE 0- 100 Combustible Fiber Storage Bin More than 100- 500 Combustible Fiber Storage Room More than 500-1000, Unprotected Combustible Storage Vault More than 1000, Protected Combustible Fiber Storage Vault EXCEPTION: Not to exceed 2500 cubic feet of loose fibers may be stored in a detached "loose house" suitably located, with opening properly protected against entrance of sparks. The loose house shall be used for no other purpose. Baled Storage Sec. 28.104. (a) A single block or pile shall not contain more than 25,000 cubic feet of fiber exclusive of aisles or clearances. Blocks or piles of baled fiber shall be separated from adjacent storage by aisles not less than 5 feet wide, or by flash - fire barriers consisting of continuous sheets of noncombustible material extend- ing from floor to a height of at least 1 foot above the highest point of piles and projecting at least 1 foot beyond the sides of the piles. (b) Sisal and other fibers in bales bound with combustible tie ropes, also jute and other fibers liable to swell when wet, shall be stored to allow for expansion in any direction without endangering building walls, floors, ceilings or columns. Not less than 3-foot clearance shall be left between walls and sides of piles, except that if storage compartment is not more than 30 feet in width, 18-inch clearance at side walls will be sufficient, provided a center aisle not less than 5 feet is maintained. (c) Not less than 3-foot clearance shall be maintained between sprinkler heads and tops of piles. 92 1985 EDITION 28.105-28.106 Storage of Agricultural Products Sec. 28.105. It shall be unlawful to store hay, straw or other similar agricultural products adjacent to buildings or combustible material unless a cleared horizontal distance equal to the height of pile is maintained between such storage and combustible material and buildings. A permit shall not be required for such storage. Storage shall be limited to stacks of 100 tons each. Either an approved one -hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code or a clear space of 20 feet shall be maintained between such stacks. Dust -collecting System Sec. 28.106. Equipment or machinery within a building which generates or emits combustible fibers shall be provided with an approved dust -collecting and exhaust system. 93 29.101-29.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 29 GARAGES General Sec. 29.101. Garages shall conform to all other applicable requirements of this code as well as the following provisions: Permits Sec. 29.102. For permits to use a structure as a place of business for the purpose of repairing any motor vehicle, see Section 4.101. Cleaning with Class I or II Liquids Sec. 29.103. (a) Class I or Class II liquids with a flash point less than 110°F. shall not be used in or in connection with any garage for washing parts or removing grease or dirt, unless in a special closed machine approved for the purpose or in a separate well -ventilated room constructed in accordance with the provisions of the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy. (b) Class I or Class II liquids with a flash point less than 110°F. shall not be used for cleaning floors or walls. Handling of Gasoline and Oils Sec. 29.104. (a) The fuel tanks of motor vehicles shall be filled directly through hose from approved pumps attached to approved portable tanks or drawing from underground storage tanks. Storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids shall conform to Article 79. No transfer of gasoline in any garage shall be made in any open container. (b) Garage floors shall drain to approved oil separators or traps discharging to sewer in accordance with the Plumbing Code. Contents of oil separators or traps of floor drainage systems shall be collected at sufficiently frequent intervals and removed from the premises to prevent oil from being carried into the sewers. Self - closing metal cans shall be used for all oily waste. (c) Waste oils shall be stored in approved containers or tanks. Vapor Ignition Devices Sec. 29.105. (a) Fixed appliances and equipment shall comply with the provisions of the Building and Mechanical Codes. (b) Other devices generating a glow, spark or flame capable of igniting flam- mable vapors shall not be installed or used within 18 inches of the floor in any repair garage. 94 1985 EDITION 30.101-30.104 ARTICLE 30 LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING PLANTS Permits Sec. 30.101. For a permit to store lumber in excess of 100,000 board feet, see Section 4.101. Open Yard Storage Sec. 30.102. (a) Fire apparatus access roadways shall be provided to within 150 feet of all portions of the yard in accordance with Section 10.207. EXCEPTION: The all-weather driving surface may be modified when approved by the fire chief. (b) Lumber shall be piled with due regard to stability of piles and in no case higher than 20 feet. Where lumber is piled next to a property line on which a building has been erected, the distance from the pile to property line shall be not less than one half the height of the pile and in no case less than 5 feet. (c) Driveways between and around lumber piles shall be at least 15 feet wide and maintained free from accumulation of rubbish, equipment or other articles or materials. Driveways shall be so spaced that a maximum grid system unit of 50 feet by 150 feet is produced. (d) Permanent lumber storage, operating under a permit, shall be surrounded with a suitable fence at least 6 feet high, unless storage is within a building. Operational Fire Hazards in Lumber Yards Sec. 30.103. (a) When approved, the burning of shavings, sawdust and refuse materials shall be permitted only under boilers, in furnaces or in incinerators or refuse burners safely constructed and located. Stacks shall be provided with approved spark arresters having openings which will eliminate the danger from sparks such as an expansion chamber, baffle walls or other effective arrangement. At boiler or other points where sawdust or shavings are used as fuel, a storage bin of noncombustible construction with raised sill shall be provided. (b) Smoking shall be prohibited except in specified safe locations in buildings. NO SMOKING signs shall be painted on exterior building walls and on signs erected at driveways' edges. NO SMOKING signs shall be posted throughout all buildings except in specific locations designated as safe for smoking purposes. (c) Weeds shall be kept down throughout entire year and shall be sprayed as often as needed with a satisfactory weed killer or cut or grubbed out. Dead weeds shall be removed. (d) Debris such as sawdust, chips and shorts shall be removed regularly. Proper housekeeping shall be maintained at all times. Fire -extinguishing Appliances in Open Yards and Buildings Sec. 30.104. (a) Approved water -supply and fire hydrants capable of supplying the required fire flow shall be provided to within 150 feet of all portions of the yard in accordance with Section 10.301. 95 30.104-30.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE EXCEPTION: Fire protection of existing lumber yards may continue their use when approved by the fire chief. a (b) Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided at each building in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. Woodworking Plants Sec. 30.105. (a) Sawmills, planing mills and other woodworking plants shall be equipped with refuse removal systems which will collect and remove sawdust and shavings as produced. Blower and exhaust systems shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the Mechanical Code. (b) Portable fire extinguishers or hose supplied from a suitable water system shall be provided within reach of any machine producing shavings or sawdust. Extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. 96 1985 EDITION 31.101-31.106 ARTICLE 31 TIRE -REBUILDING PLANTS General See. 31.101. Tire -rebuilding plants shall conform to all other applicable requirements of this code as well as to the following provisions. Permits Sec. 31.102. For permits to operate a tire -recapping or rebuilding plant, see Section 4.101. Construction and Protection Requirements Sec. 31.103. Tire -rebuilding plants shall comply with the requirements of the Building Code as to construction, separation and protection. Tire -buffing Rooms See. 31.104. Buffing machines shall be located in rooms separated from other areas as required by the Building Code. Each machine shall be connected to an ample dust -collecting system discharg- ing to a suitable container which shall be cleaned at frequent intervals. Ventilation See. 31.105. Each room where rubber cement is used or mixed, or flammable solvents are applied, shall be equipped with approved mechanical and/or natural ventilation. Use and Storage Sec. 31.106. Rooms for the use and storage of rubber cement and other flam- mable or combustible liquids shall conform to the requirements of Article 79. 97 32.101-32.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 32 TENTS AND AIR -SUPPORTED STRUCTURES Permits Sec. 32.101. For permits to erect or operate a tent or air -supported structure covering an area in excess of 200 square feet, see Section 4.101. Place of Assemblage Sec. 32.102. For the purpose of this article, a place of assemblage shall include any circus, sideshow, carnival, tent show, theater, skating rink, dance hall or any other exhibition, production, engagement or offering, or other place of assemblage in or under which 10 or more persons may gather for any purpose. Parking of Automobiles Sec. 32.103. Automotive equipment that is necessary to the operation of the establishment shall not be parked within 20 feet of the tent or air -supported structure except by special permission of the chief. No other automotive equip- ment or internal combustion engines shall be parked within 50 feet of the tent except upon a public street. Location of Tents and Air -supported Structures Sec. 32.104. (a) A tent or air -supported structure shall be located not less than 10 feet from any property line or permanent structure except where the property line is a street or alley. (b) Tents or air -supported structures having a floor area in excess of 1500 square feet but less than 15,000 square feet shall be located not less than 30 feet from any other tent, air -supported structure or structure. (c) Tents or air -supported structures having an area of 15,000 square feet or more shall be located not less than 50 feet from any other tent or structure as measured from the side wall of the tent, unless joined together by a corridor. (d) Tents and air -supported structures may be joined together by means of corridors, but such corridors shall be open to the sky. On each side of such corridor and approximately opposite each other, there shall be provided openings not less than 12 feet in width. These openings shall be equipped with sliding curtains as specified in Section 32.112 (e). (e) An unobstructed passageway or fire road not less than 12 feet in width and free from guy ropes or other obstructions shall be maintained on all sides of all tents or air -supported structures. EXCEPTION: Where conditions make it impossible to provide the required distance between tents or air -supported structures as specified in Subsections (b) and (c), the chief may approve the location of tents and air -supported structures closer than that specified if required passageways are provided and, in his opinion, adequate safety will be afforded. Structural Stability Sec. 32.105. Tents or air -supported structures and their appurtenances shall be adequately roped, braced and anchored to withstand the elements of weather 98 1985 EDITION 32.105-32.107 against collapsing. Evidence of structural stability shall be furnished to the chief upon request. Air -supported structures shall have the design and construction of the fabric envelope and the method of anchoring in accordance with the Minimum Stan- dards for Air -Supported Structures, published by the Air Structures Manufac- turers and Suppliers Association. The inflation differential pressure of the structure shall be adequate to with- stand a minimum wind velocity of 75 mph. To satisfy this requirement, an inflation differential pressure of 1.5-inch water pressure is required for structures having a semicircular cross section or less. The pressurization system shall consist of one or more centrifugal blowers as follows: 1. All blowers shall be powered by continuous rated motors (at the maximum power required for any flow condition). 2. All blowers shall have adequate personnel protection, such as inlet screens and belt guards (if belt driven). 3. All blowers shall be weather protected if external to the structure to assure continued service in all weather conditions. 4. All blowers shall be equipped with back -draft check dampers. 5. Any air -supported structure used as a place of assembly shall be furnished with not less than two blowers, each of which has adequate capacity to maintain full inflation pressure with normal leakage. 6. The design of the blower shall be so as to provide integral limiting pressure at the design pressure. Places of public assembly for more than 200 persons shall be furnished with either a fully automatic auxiliary engine -generator set capable of powering one blower continuously for four hours, or a supplementary blower powered by an internal combustion engine which will be automatic in operation. Flame-retardant Treatment Sec. 32.106. The side wall, drops and top of all tents and air -supported structures shall be of flame-retardant material or shall be made fire retardant in a manner approved by the chief. All bunting and other flammable decorations or effects and sawdust when used on floors or passageways shall likewise be treated with a flame-retardant solution. An affidavit or affirmation shall be retained at the premises on which the tent or air -supported structure is located, attesting to the following information relative to the flame-retardant treatment of the fabrics: 1. Date fabric was last treated with flame-retardant solution. 2. Trade name or kind of chemical used in treatment. 3. The name of person or firm treating the material. 4. The name and address of the owners of the tent. Fire -resistive Standards Sec. 32.107. Fire -resistive standards shall be in accordance with the applicable 90 32.107-32.112 UNIFORM FIRE CODE provisions of the nationally recognized standards or of a recognized testing laboratory approved by the chief. Smoking and Open Flame Sec. 32.108. (a) Smoking shall not be permitted in any tent or air -supported structure or in any adjacent areas where hay, straw, alfalfa, sawdust or other highly combustible materials are kept or stored. Approved NO SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously posted. It shall be the responsibility of the permittee to enforce this prohibition. (b) No fireworks, open flame or other device emitting flame or fire shall be used in or immediately adjacent to any tent or air -supported structure while open to the public, except upon special permission from the chief. (c).Toy balloons or other similar devices that are inflated with poisonous, explosive or flammable gas shall not be permitted in or on the premises adjacent to any tent or air -supported structure. Fire Extinguishers and Other Fire Protection Equipment Sec. 32.109. Fire extinguishers and other fire protection equipment shall be provided in every tent or air -supported structure as follows: 1. One 2-A type extinguisher shall be provided in every tent or air supported structure having a floor area of more than 500 square feet but less than 1000 square feet and also one in each auxiliary tent or air -supported structure adjacent thereto. One additional 2-A type extinguisher shall be provided for each addi- tional 2000 square feet or fraction thereof. 2. At least one 10-B:C type fire extinguisher shall be provided for each kitchen, mess hall, power generator or transformer and at locations where flammable or combustible liquids are used, stored or dispensed. 3. Fire hose lines, water supplies and other auxiliary fire equipment shall be maintained at the site in such numbers and sizes as may be required by the chief. Standby Personnel Sec. 32.110. Standby personnel shall be provided in accordance with Section 25.117. Abatement of Fire or Panic Hazards Not Specifically Covered by This Article Sec. 32.111. Any unforeseen condition that presents a fire hazard or, would contribute to the rapid spread of fire, or would delay or interfere with the rapid exit of persons from the tent or air -supported structure, or would interfere with or delay the extinguishment of a fire and which is not otherwise covered by this article shall be immediately abated, eliminated or corrected as ordered by the chief. Exits Sec. 32.112. (a) The aggregate width of exits from any tent or air -supported structure shall be not less than 1 foot for each 50 persons. (b) An exit shall be not less than 36 inches wide. 100 1985 EDITION 32.112-32.115 (c) Exits shall be spaced at approximately equal intervals around the perimeter of the tent or air -supported structure and shall be so located that no point is more than 100 feet from an exit. (d) Exits shall be provided in accordance with the following table: CAPACITY OF TENT OR AIR -SUPPORTED STRUCTURE MINIMUM NUMBER MINIMUM WIDTH EACH EXIT (In Feet) Air -supported CAPACITY OF EXITS Tent Structure Up to 199 2 6 3 200 to 499 3 6 6 500 to 999 4 8 6 1000 to 1999 5 10 8 over2000 6 10 8 (e) Exit openings from any tent shall remain open, or may be covered by canvas curtain, provided: 1. Said curtains shall be free sliding on a metal support. The support shall be a minimum of 8 feet above the floor level at the exit. The curtains shall be so arranged that when open no part of the curtains shall obstruct the exit. 2. Said curtains shall be of a color, or colors, definitely contrasting with the color of the tent. (f) Exit doors from air -supported structures shall swing in the direction of exit travel. To avoid hazardous air and pressure loss, all such doors shall be automat- ically closing against operating pressures. Opening force at the door edge shall not exceed 15 pounds. (g) Smooth -surfaced, unobstructed aisles having minimum width of not less than 44 inches shall be provided from all seating areas and their width shall be progressively increased in width to provide at all points not less than 1 foot of aisle width for each 50 persons served by such aisle at that point. (h) The arrangement of aisles shall be subject to approval by the chief. Maintenance of Exit Ways Sec. 32.113. The required minimum clear width of exits, aisles and passage- ways shall be maintained at all times. Marking of Exits Sec. 32.114. At every exit and wherever otherwise required to clearly indicate the direction of egress, an exit sign with letters at least 6 inches in height shall be provided. - Exit Illumination Sec. 32.115. (a) Exits shall be illuminated at all times with light having an intensity of not less than one footcandle at floor level. 101 32.115-32.120 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (b) Exit signs shall be lighted in tents and air -supported structures with occupant loads over 100 persons in the manner specified below: 1. Two separate sources for occupant loads over 600. 2. Two separate circuits, one of which shall be separate from all other circuits for occupant loads under 600. Occupant Load Sec. 32.116. (a) The occupant load shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 25. (b) The owner or manager shall not permit a number of persons in excess of the capacity determined by the above method to enter the tent or air -supported structure. Seating Arrangements Sec. 32.117. The seating arrangements shall be in accordance with Article 25. Heating and Cooking Equipment Sec. 32.118. (a) All heating or cooking equipment shall be installed as specified in the Mechanical Code and shall be approved by the chief. (b) Gas-, liquid- and solid -fuel -burning equipment designed to be vented shall be vented to the outside air as specified in the Mechanical Code. Such vents shall be equipped with spark arresters when required. (c) Heating and cooking apparatus shall not be located in exits, aisles, passage- ways or near combustibles. Storage of Flammable or Combustible Liquids Sec. 32.119. (a) Flammable or combustible liquids shall not be stored in a tent or air -supported structure nor less than 50 feet from any tent or air -supported structure used for public assemblage. (b) The storage and dispensing of flammable or combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. (c) Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be stored or used in connection with any tent or air -supported structure unless the storage containers, equipment, fittings and appliances, and the placement, use and operation of such equipment comply with Article 82. Housekeeping Sec. 32.120. (a) All weeds and flammable vegetation shall be removed from the premises adjacent to or within 35 feet of any tent or air -supported structure. (b) Hay, straw, trash and other flammable material shall not be stored less than 35 feet from any tent or air -supported structure, except upon special permission from the chief. (c) The grounds both inside and outside of tents and air -supported structures shall be kept free and clear of combustible waste. Such waste shall be stored in approved containers or removed from the premises. The burning of rubbish on the premises shall not be permitted. 102 1985 EDITION 33.101-33.104 ARTICLE 33 CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM Scope Sec. 33.101. This article applies to the storage and handling of cellulose nitrate motion picture film, hereinafter referred to as "nitrate film." Film having a cellulose acetate or other slow -burning base, referred to as "safety film," is exempt from these provisions. Permits Sec. 33.102. For storage of nitrate film, see Section 4.101. Buildings Sec. 33.103. Buildings or portions thereof in which nitrate film is to be stored, examined, projected or processed shall be in compliance with the requirements of the Building Code. Storage and Handling Sec. 33.104. The storage and handling of nitrate film shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards. 103 34.101-34.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 34 AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS, JUNK OR WASTE MATERIAL HANDLING PLANTS General Sec. 34.101 Wrecking yards, junk or waste -material handling plants shall conform to all other applicable requirements of this code as well as the following provisions. Permits Sec. 34.102. For permits to operate a wrecking yard, junk or waste -material handling plant, see Section 4.101. Storage Sec. 34.103. The storage of combustibles shall be in accordance with Article 28 of this code. No smoking or open flame shall be permitted in any area where combustible fibers or other combustible waste materials are stored or handled. NO SMOKING signs shall be provided in accordance with Article 13. Burning Operations Sec. 34.104. The burning of wrecked or discarded motor vehicles or of junk, or of any waste materials shall be done only in such locations and in such manner as approved for such purposes by the chief. Picking Rooms Sec. 34.105. Picking rooms shall be separated from storage rooms by not less than a one -hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. Picking rooms shall be provided with approved exhaust systems to adequately remove dust and lint. Welding and Cutting Sec. 34.106. Welding and cutting operations shall conform to the requirements of Article 49 of this code. Access to Area Sec. 34.107. Motor vehicles or any part thereof, junk or other waste material shall not be stored, displayed or kept in such a manner as to unnecessarily hinder or endanger fire -fighting operations. Aisles or passageways shall be provided to permit reasonable access for fire- fighting operations. 104 1985 EDITION 35.101-35.103 ARTICLE 35 COVERED MALL BUILDINGS Scope Sec. 35.101. This article applies to those occupancies defined as covered mall buildings as established by the Building Code. Permits Sec. 35.102. For permits to use a covered mall area for other than normal customer use, see Section 4.101. Special Provisions Sec. 35.103. (a) Unoccupied Tenant Spaces. Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be isolated from the remainder of the covered mall until such time as the space is prepared for use. The unoccupied tenant space shall be: 1. Kept free from the storage of any material whatsoever. 2. Separated from the remainder of the building by partitions faced on both sides by 1/2-inch gypsum wallboard or the equivalent. 3. Without doors or other access openings other than those which will be kept keylocked in the closed position except during that time when open for inspection. 4. Kept free from all combustible waste and be kept broom -swept clean. Unoccupied tenant spaces need not have the sprinkler system completed when all of the requirements of the above have been met. (b) Display Structures. Covered kiosks, display booths, concession equip- ment or the like shall not exceed 4 feet in width unless the area beneath the cover is protected by an approved automatic fire -extinguishing system. (c) Place of Assembly. The exit facilities shall limit the number of persons in attendance. The chief shall establish the conditions necessary to assure that the covered mall building tenants do not have their normal operation obstructed by the assembly. It shall be the responsibility of the covered mall management to provide adequate personnel to comply with the conditions required by the chief. (d) Liquid- or Gas -fueled Equipment. Liquid or gas -fueled equipment or vehicles on display within a mall shall have batteries disconnected and tanks essentially emptied and secured. The positioning of such equipment shall be subject to approval of the chief. (e) Decorative Materials and Combustible Signs. All decorative materials shall be treated and maintained in accordance with Section 25.103. (f) Gases. For permits to use liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and compressed flammable gas within the mall, see Section 4.101. Compressed gas cylinders of nonflammable gases shall be secured to prevent - overturning. Control valves shall be protected against possible damage. (g) Exit Obstructions. Required widths of exit travels shall not be obstructed by the placement of any material, temporary kiosks, display booths, concession equipment or similar objects while the covered mall building is open. a a o� 105 > a 36.101-36.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 36 DRY CLEANING WITH NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Scope See. 36.101. This article applies to dry-cleaning plants or systems as defined in Section 9.106 in which only noncombustible liquids are used. EXCEPTION: In plants that are not open to the public, flammable or combusti- ble liquids may be used for spotting operations, provided: 1. Quantities of liquids in storage exceeding 1 gallon shall be kept within cabinets that comply with Section 79.201 (b). 2. Quantities of liquids in storage exceeding 10 gallons shall be within a room that complies with Section 79.202 or 79.203. 3. Dispensing of liquids from containers at work stations shall be from approved safety cans. Permits Sec. 36.102. For permits to engage in dry cleaning, see Section 4.101. Equipment Sec. 36.103. Equipment used for dry cleaning shall be suitable for the type of solvent. Ransfer of solvent shall be by closed piping system. Emergency mechanical ventilation equipment designed to provide an air change every five minutes shall be installed within rooms in which solvent is stored or used. Openings that provide emergency ventilation shall be within 15 feet of solvent equipment or storage and shall discharge at an approved location. Switches to operate emergency ventilation shall be at an approved location. Combustion air for fuel -burning equipment shall be taken from exterior open- ings that are located at least 5 feet from exhaust openings of dry-cleaning equipment. 106 1985 EDITION 45.101-45.104 PART V SPECIAL PROCESSES ARTICLE 45 APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES € Division I sa GENERAL PROVISIONS a Scope y Sec. 45.101. This article shall apply to locations or areas where the following activities are conducted: 1. The application of flammable or combustible paint, varnish, lacquer, stain or other flammable or combustible liquid applied as spray by compressed air, "airless" or "hydraulic atomization," or by steam or electrostatic methods or by any other means in continuous or intermittent process; and 2. Dip tank operations in which articles or materials are passed through contents of tanks, vats or containers of flammable or combustible liquids, including coating, finishing, treatment and similar processes; and 3. The application of combustible powders when applied by powder spray guns, electrostatic powder spray guns, fluidized beds or electrostatic fluidized beds. Permits Sec. 45.102. For permits for spraying or dipping operations utilizing flam- mable or combustible liquids, see Section 4.101. Smoking Prohibited Sec. 45.103. Smoking shall be prohibited in any spray -finishing areas and in the vicinity of dip tanks. NO SMOKING signs with lettering of approved size shall be conspicuously posted in such areas. Welding Warning Signs Sec. 45.104. Conspicuous signs conveying the following warning shall be posted in the vicinity of all spraying areas, dipping operations and paint storage rooms: NO WELDING The use of welding or cutting equipment in or near this area is dangerous because of fire and explosion. Weld- ing and cutting shall be done only under the supervision of the foreman in charge. 107 45.105-45.203 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Electric Wiring and Equipment Sec. 45.105. Electric wiring and equipment shall conform to the provisions of this article and shall otherwise be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. Division II SPRAY FINISHING Definitions Sec. 45.201. For definitions of SPRAYING AREA, SPRAY BOOTH and SPRAYING ROOMS, see Section 9.121. Location of Spray -finishing Operations Sec. 45.202. (a) Spray -finishing operations shall not be conducted in buildings used for assembly, educational, institutional or residential occupancies except in a room designed for the purpose, protected with an approved system of automatic sprinklers and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas by con- struction complying with the requirements of the Building Code. (b) In other occupancies, all spraying operations performed inside of a building shall be conducted in an approved spray.booth, spraying area or spraying room approved for such use. Limited spraying areas for "touch-up" or "spot painting" may be approved, provided they meet the requirements of this code. Spray Booths Sec. 45.203. (a) Spray booths shall be substantially constructed of steel not less than No. 18 gage (.044 inch) in thickness or other approved noncombustible materials. (b) The area of a paint spray booth shall not exceed 1500 square feet nor 10 percent of the basic area permitted for the major use of the building as set forth in Table No. 5-C of the Uniform Building Code. (c) The interior surfaces of spray booths shall be smooth and continuous without edges and otherwise designed to prevent pocketing of residue, to permit the free passage of exhaust air from all parts of the interior and to facilitate washing and cleaning without injury. (d) The floor shall be of noncombustible material or shall be covered with a noncombustible, nonsparking material of such character to facilitate the safe cleaning and removal of residue. (e) If installed, baffle plates shall be of a noncombustible material readily removable or accessible to facilitate cleaning and designed to provide an even flow of air through the booth and to prevent the deposit of overspray before it enters the exhaust duct. Such plates shall not be installed in the exhaust ducts. (f) Each spray booth having a frontal area of more than 9 square feet and which is not equipped with doors shall have a metal deflector or fire curtain not less than 4'/2 inches deep installed at the upper outer edge of the booth over the booth opening. 108 1985 EDITION 45.203-45.205 (g) Each spray booth shall be separated from other operations by not less than 3 feet or by a wall or partition or by a greater distance as the chief may require. (h) All portions of a spray booth shall be readily available for cleaning, and a clear space of not less than 3 feet shall be kept free of storage or combustible materials. (i) When spray booths are illuminated, it shall be done through heat -treated or hammered wire glass. Fixed lighting units only shall be used as a source of illumination, and panels shall be arranged so as to minimize breakage and so that normal accumulation of residue on the exposed surface of the panel will not be raised to a dangerous temperature by radiation or conduction from the source of illumination. Dry -type Overspray Collectors (Exhaust Air Filters) Sec. 45.204. (a) Overspray dry filters or filter rolls, if installed in conventional dry -type spray booths, shall conform to Section-45.204 (c) through (h). (b) The spraying operations shall be so designed, installed and maintained that the average air velocity over the open face of the booth (or booth cross section during spraying operations) shall be not less than 100 linear feet per minute. Dry spray booths equipped with a filter roll which is automatically advanced when the air velocity is reduced to that specified in this paragraph shall be arranged to cause shutdown of spraying operations if the filter roll fails to advance automatically. Visible gages or audible alarm devices shall be installed to indicate that the required air velocity is maintained. (c) All discarded filter pads shall be immediately removed to a safe, well - detached location or placed in a water -filled metal container and disposed of at the close of the day's operation. (d) The location of filters in a spray booth shall be so as not to reduce the effective booth enclosure of the articles being sprayed. (e) Space within spray booth on the downstream and upstream sides of filters shall be protected with approved automatic sprinklers. (f) Filters shall not be used when applying a spray material known to be highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition. (g) Clean filters shall be noncombustible or of approved type. (h) Filters shall not alternately be used for the application of lacquer and other materials such as varnish, stains and ground coats. Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition Sec. 45.205. (a) There shall be no open flame or spark -producing equipment in any spraying area as defined in Section 45.201 nor within 20 feet thereof, unless separated by a partition, except as permitted in Section 45.211, Drying Appara- tus, and Sections 45.401 and 45.402, Electrostatic Apparatus. (b) Space -heating appliances, steam pipes or hot surfaces shall not be located in a spraying area where deposits of combustible residues may readily accumulate. (c) Unless specifically approved for locations containing both deposits of readily ignitable residue and explosive vapors, there shall be no electrical equip- 109 45.205-45.206 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ment in any spraying area whereon deposits of combustible residues may readily accumulate, except wiring in rigid conduit or boxes or fittings containing no taps, splices or terminal connections and except as hereinafter provided in Section 45.211(c) relating to drying apparatus and Sections 45.401 and 45.402 relating to electrostatic apparatus. (d) Electric wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combustible residues but located in a spraying area shall be of explosion -proof type approved for use in such hazardous location. Such area shall be considered a Class I, Division 1 hazardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code. (e) Electrical wiring, motors and other equipment outside of but within 20 feet of any spraying area and not separated therefrom by partitions shall not produce sparks under normal operating conditions. Such area shall be considered a Class I, Division 2 hazardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code. (f) Electric lamps outside of but within 20 feet of any spraying area and not separated therefrom by a partition shall be totally enclosed to prevent the falling of hot particles and shall be protected from physical damage by suitable guards or by location. (g) Portable electric lamps shall not be used in any spraying area during spraying operations. Portable electric lamps, if used during cleaning or repairing operations, shall be of the type approved for hazardous locations. (h) All metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts and piping systems conveying Class I or II liquids shall be properly electrically grounded in accordance with the Electrical Code. Ventilation of Spray Booths and Spray -finishing Areas Sec. 45.206. (a) All spraying areas shall be provided with mechanical ventila- tion adequate to prevent the dangerous accumulation of vapors. (b) Mechanical ventilation shall be kept in operation at all times while spraying operations are being conducted and for a sufficient time thereafter to allow vapors from drying coated articles and dry finishing material residue to be exhausted. The electrical equipment shall be interlocked with the ventilation of spraying area so that the equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation. (c) Each spray booth shall have an independent exhaust duct system discharg- ing to building exterior, except multiple cabinet spray booths in which identical spray -finishing material is used with a combined frontal area of not more than 18 square feet may have a common exhaust. If more than one fan serves one booth, all fans shall be so interconnected that one fan cannot operate without operating all. (d) Electric motors driving exhaust fans shall not be placed inside booths or ducts. Fan rotating element shall be nonferrous or nonsparking or the casing shall consist of or be lined with such material. (e) Belts shall not enter duct or booth unless belt and pulley within the duct or booth are tightly enclosed. 110 1985 EDITION 45.206-45.207 (f) Exhaust ducts shall be constructed of steel having a thickness not less than indicated in the table below: DIAMETER OF DUCT MINIMUM THICKNESS SHEET GAGE 8" or less No. 24 Over 8" to 18", inclusive No. 22 Over 18" to 30", inclusive No. 20 Over 30" No. 18 The discharge point for exhaust ducts in a paint spray booth shall be not less than 6 feet from adjoining combustible construction nor less than 25 feet from adjoining exterior wall openings. EXCEPTION: The discharge point for exhaust ducts in water wash spray booths is not required. (g) Exhaust ducts shall have a clearance from unprotected combustible con- struction or material of not less than 18 inches. If combustible construction is provided with the following protection applied to all surfaces within 18 inches, clearances may be reduced to the distances indicated. 1. No. 28 gage (.044-inch) sheet metal on 1/4-inch asbestos millboard.................................... 12inches 2. No. 28 gage sheet metal on 1/8-inch asbestos millboard spaced out 1 inch on noncombustible spacers ................................. 9 inches 3. No. 22 gage (.027-inch) sheet metal on 1-inch rockwool batts reinforced with wire mesh or the equivalent .......................... 3 inches (h) Air exhausted from spraying operations shall not be recirculated. (i) The mechanical ventilation system shall have air intake ducts extended to pick up flammable vapor within 6 inches of the floor. Limited Spraying Areas Sec. 45.207. Limited spraying areas commonly known as "spotting" or "touch-up" areas are less hazardous than quantity production spray -finishing operations and may be approved by the chief, provided they conform to the following requirements: 1. Such areas are built and maintained in accordance with the Building Code requirements for a Group H, Division 4 Occupancy. 2. The size of job to be done in such areas does not exceed 9 square feet and is not of a continuous nature. Note: It is the intent of Item 2 to allow only small jobs which in their entirety do not exceed 9 square feet. 3. Positive mechanical ventilation is installed providing a minimum of six complete air changes per hour. Such system shall meet the requirements of this code for handling flammable vapors. 4. All electrical wiring within 10 feet of the floor shall comply with Class I, Division 2 locations in accordance with the Electrical Code. 111 45.208-45.210 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Storage and Handling of Flammable or Combustible Liquids Sec. 45.208. (a) The storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79 of this code and shall also conform to the provisions of this section. (b) Where the quantity of liquid in 5-gallon and smaller containers, other than original sealed containers, exceeds a total of 10 gallons, it shall be stored in a storage cabinet conforming to Section 79.201 (g) or in storage or mixing rooms conforming to Section 79.202, 79.203, or 79.804. (c) Original closed containers, approved portable tanks, approved safety cans or a properly arranged system of piping shall be used for bringing flammable or combustible liquids into spray -finishing areas. Open or glass containers -shall not be used. (d) Containers supplying spray nozzles shall be of closed type or provided with metal covers kept closed. Containers not resting on floors shall be on noncombus- tible supports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed 10 gallons capacity. (e) All containers or piping to which is attached a hose or flexible connection shall be provided with a shutoff valve at the connection. Such valves shall be kept shut when not in use. (f) Heaters shall not be located in spray booths nor other locations subject to the accumulation of deposits or combustible residue. (g) If flammable or combustible liquids are supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement pumps, pump discharge line shall be provided with an approved relief valve discharging to pump suction or a safe detached location. (h) When a flammable mixture is transferred from one portable container to another, a bond shall be provided between the two containers, one of which shall be grounded. Piping systems for Class I or II liquids shall be permanently grounded. Fire -protection Equipment Sec. 45.209. (a) All spray booths or spray rooms shall be protected by an approved automatic fire -extinguishing system. (b) Portable fire -protection equipment shall be provided near all spraying areas as provided for extrahazardous occupancies in U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. Operations and Maintenance Sec. 45.210. (a) All spraying areas shall be kept free from the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues as practical, with cleaning conducted daily if necessary. (b) Scrapers, spuds or other such tools used for cleaning purposes shall be of nonsparking material. (c) Residue scraping and debris contaminated with residue shall be imme- diately removed from premises and properly disposed of. (d) The use of solvents for cleaning operations shall be restricted to Class II and Class III liquids, except solvents with flash points not less than those normally 112 1985 EDITION 45.210-45.211 used in spraying operations may be used for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equipment, provided such cleaning is conducted inside spray booths and ventilat- ing equipment is operating during cleaning. (e) Spray booths shall not be alternately used for different types of coating materials where the combination of the materials may be conducive to spon- taneous ignition, unless all deposits of the first -used material are removed from the booth and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with the second. (f) Approved metal waste cans shall be provided wherever rags or waste are impregnated with finishing materials and all such rags or waste deposited therein immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily and at the end of each shift. Drying Apparatus Sec. 45.211. (a) Drying apparatus shall, in addition to conforming with the requirements of this article, comply with the applicable provisions of Article 62, Industrial Baking and Drying Ovens. (b) Spray booths, rooms or other enclosures used for spraying operations shall not alternately be used for the purpose of drying by any arrangement which will cause a material increase in the surface temperature of the spray booth; room or enclosure. (c) Except as specifically provided in Section 45.211 (d), drying or baking units utilizing a heating system having open flames or which may produce sparks shall not be installed, in a spraying area as defined in Section 45.201, but may be installed adjacent thereto when equipped with an interlocked ventilating system arranged to: 1. Thoroughly ventilate the drying space before heating system can be started; 2. Maintain a safe atmosphere at any source of ignition; 3. Automatically shut down heating system in the event of failure of the ventilating system. (d) Automobile refinishing booths or enclosures, otherwise installed and main- tained in conformity with this division, may alternately be used for drying with portable infrared drying apparatus when conforming with the following: 1. The procedure shall be restricted to low volume, occasional spray application. 2. Interior of spray enclosures shall be kept free of overspray deposits. 3. During spray operations, the drying apparatus and electrical connections and wiring thereto shall not be located within spray enclosure nor in any other location where spray residue may be deposited thereon. 4. Spraying apparatus, drying apparatus and ventilating system of spray enclosure shall be equipped with suitable interlocks so arranged that: (i) Spraying apparatus cannot be operated while drying apparatus is inside spray enclosure. (ii) Spray enclosure will be purged of spray vapors for a period of not less 113 45.211-45.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE than three minutes before drying apparatus can be energized. (iii) Ventilating system will maintain a safe atmosphere within the enclo- sure during the drying process and drying apparatus will automat- ically shut off in the event of failure of the ventilating system. 5. All electrical wiring and equipment of drying apparatus shall conform to the provisions of this article and shall otherwise be installed in accordance with the provisions of the Electrical Code. Only equipment of a type approved for Class I, Division 2, hazardous locations, in accordance with the Electrical Code shall be located within 18 inches of floor level. All metallic parts of drying apparatus shall be properly electrically bonded and grounded. Division III DIP TANKS Location of Dip Tank Operations Sec. 45.301. Dip tank operations shall not be conducted in buildings used for assembly, institutional or residential occupancies, except in a room designed for the purpose, protected with an approved system of automatic sprinklers and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas by construction complying with the provisions of the Building Code. Ventilation of Vapor Areas Sec. 45.302. (a) All vapor areas shall be provided with mechanical ventilation adequate to prevent the dangerous accumulation of vapors. (b) Required ventilating systems shall be so arranged that the failure of any ventilating fan shall automatically stop any dipping conveyor system. Construction of Dip Tanks Sec. 45.303. (a) Dip tanks, including drain boards if provided, shall be constructed of substantial noncombustible material and their supports shall be of heavy metal, reinforced concrete or masonry. (b) Dip tanks of over 150 gallons in capacity or 10 square feet in liquid surface area shall be equipped with a properly trapped overflow pipe leading to a safe location outside buildings. (c) The bottom of the overflow connection shall be not less than 6 inches below the top of the tank. (d) Dip tanks over 500 gallons in liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom drains automatically and manually arranged to quickly drain tank in event of fire, unless the viscosity of the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature makes this impractical. Manual operation shall be from a safely accessible location. Where gravity flow is not practicable, automatic pumps shall be provided. (e) Such drains shall be trapped and discharge to a closed, properly vented salvage tank or to a safe outside location. (f) Dip tanks utilizing a conveyor system shall be so arranged that in the event of 114 1985 EDITION 45.303-45.307 fire the conveyor system shall automatically cease motion and required bottom drains shall open Storage and Handling of Flammable or Combustible Liquids Sec. 45.304. The storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition Sec. 45.305. (a) There shall be no open flames, spark -producing devices or heated surfaces having a temperature sufficient to ignite vapors in any vapor area. (b) Electrical wiring and equipment in any vapor area shall be explosion -proof type approved for use in such hazardous locations. Such area shall be considered a Class I, Division 1, hazardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code. (c) Unless specifically approved for locations containing both deposits of readily ignitable residues and explosive vapors, there shall be no electrical equipment in the vicinity of dip tanks or associated drain boards or drying operations which are subject to splashing or dripping of dip tank liquids, except wiring in rigid conduit or in threaded boxes or fittings containing no taps, splices or terminal connections and except as hereinafter specifically permitted in Sec- tions 45.401 through 45.405, relating to electrostatic apparatus. (d) In any floor space outside a vapor area, but within 20 feet therefrom and not separated by tight partitions, there shall be no open flames or spark -producing devices, except drying and baking apparatus may be installed adjacent to vapor areas when conforming to Section 45.211 (c). Such area shall be considered a Class I, Division 2, hazardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code. Operations and Maintenance Sec. 45.306. (a) Areas in vicinity of dip tanks shall be kept as clear of combustible stock as practicable and shall be kept entirely free of combustible debris. (b) When waste or rags are used in connection with dipping operations, approved metal waste cans shall be provided and all impregnated rags or waste deposited therein immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shall be disposed of at the end of each shift by methods approved by the chief. Fire -extinguishing Equipment Sec. 45.307. (a) Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be provided with manual fire extinguishers suitable for flammable liquid fires, as specified for extra hazardous occupancies in U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. (b) Dip tanks of over 150-gallon capacity or 10-square-foot liquid surface area shall be protected by an approved automatic fire -extinguishing system or dip tank covers conforming to Section 45.308. (c) Dip tanks containing a liquid with a flash point below I I WE (when used in such manner that the liquid temperature may equal or be greater than its flash point from artificial or natural causes) shall conform to Section 45.307 (b) when having both a capacity of more than 10 gallons and a liquid surface area of more than 4 square feet. 115 45.308-45.310 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Dip Tank Covers Sec. 45.308. (a) Dip tanks shall be provided with a cover complying with the specifications of this section unless they are provided with approved automatic fire -extinguishing equipment as specified in Section 45.307 (b). (b) Covers arranged to close automatically in the event of fires shall be actuated by approved automatic devices and also shall be arranged for manual operations. (c) Covers shall be of substantial noncombustible material or of tin -clad type with enclosing metal applied with locked joints. (d) Chains or wire rope shall be used for cover support or operating mechanism where the burning of a cord would interfere with the action of a device. (e) Covers shall be kept closed when tanks are not in use. Hardening and Tempering Tanks Sec. 45.309. (a) Hardening and tempering tanks shall conform to Sections 45.303 through 45.307 as well as to the following paragraphs of this section but shall be exempt from other provisions of Division III of this article. (b) Tanks shall be located as far as practicable from furnaces and shall not be located on or near combustible floors. (c) Tanks shall be provided with a noncombustible hood and vent or other equally effective means venting to outside of building to serve as a vent in case of fire. All such vent ducts shall be treated as flues and be kept away from combusti- ble roofs or materials. (d) Tanks shall be equipped with a,high-temperature limit switch arranged to sound an alarm when the temperature of the quenching medium reaches 50°F. below the flash point. (e) Hardening and tempering tanks of over 500-gallon capacity of 25-square- foot liquid surface area shall be protected as specified in Section 45.307 (b). (f) Air under pressure shall not be used to fill or to agitate oil in tanks. Coating Operations Sec. 45.310. (a) Flow coat operations shall conform to the requirements for dip tanks, considering the area of sump and any areas on which paint flows as the area of a dip tank. (b) Paint shall be supplied by a direct low-pressure pumping arranged to automatically shut down in case of fire by means of approved heat -actuated devices, or by a gravity tank not exceeding 10 gallons in capacity. (c) The process of roll coating, spreading and impregnating in which fabric, paper or other material is passed directly through a tank or trough containing Class I or II liquids, or over the surface of a roller that revolves partially submerged in a flammable liquid, shall conform to Section 45.310 (d) and to the applicable provisions of Sections 45.101 through 45.309. (d) Adequate arrangements shall be made to prevent sparks from static elec- tricity by electrically bonding and grounding all metallic rotating and other parts of machinery and equipment and by the installation of static collectors or main- taining a conductive atmosphere by means such as high relative humidity. 116 1985 EDITION 45.401-45.404 Division IV ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS Equipment Type and Location Sec. 45.401. (a) Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in connection with paint spraying and paint detearing operations shall be of approved types. (b) Transformers, power packs, control apparatus and all other electric portions of the equipment, with the exception of high -voltage grids and electrostatic atomizing heads, the hand gun and their connections, shall be located outside of the spraying or vapor areas as defined in Sections 9.121 and 9.124 or shall conform to the requirements of Sections 45.205 and 45.305. (c) Electrodes and electrostatic atomizing heads shall be of substantial con- struction, shall be rigidly supported in permanent locations and shall be effec- tively insulated from ground. Insulators shall be nonporous and noncombustible. Fine wire elements when used should be under tension at all times and should be of unkinked hardened steel or material of comparable strength. Controls Sec. 45.402. (a) A space of at least twice the sparking distance shall be maintained between goods being painted or deteared and electrodes, electrostatic atomizing heads or conductors. A suitable sign stating the sparking distance shall be conspicuously posted near the assembly. (b) Electrostatic apparatus shall be equipped with automatic controls which will operate without time delay to disconnect the power supply to the high -voltage transformer and to signal the operator under any of the following conditions: 1. Stoppage of ventilating fans or failure of ventilating equipment from any cause. 2. Stoppage of the conveyor carrying goods past the high -voltage grid. 3. Occurrence of a ground or of an imminent ground at any point on the high - voltage system. 4. Reduction of clearance below that specified in Section 45.402 (a). Guards and Signs Sec. 45.403. (a) Adequate booths, fencing, railings or guards shall be so placed about the equipment that either by their location or character, or both, they assure that a safe isolation of the process is maintained from plant storage or personnel. Such railings, fencing and guards shall be of conductive material, adequately grounded, and shall be at least 5 feet from processing equipment. (b) Signs designating the process zone as dangerous as regards fire and accident shall be posted. Maintenance Sec. 45.404. (a) All insulators shall be kept clean and dry. (b) Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall be removable and shall be taken to a safe place for cleaning. 117 45.405-45.603 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Ventilation Sec. 45.405. The spraying area shall be adequately ventilated so as to ensure a safe condition from a fire and health standpoint. Division V AUTOMOBILE UNDERCOATING Operations Included Sec. 45.501. (a) When approved by the chief, automobile undercoating spray operations conducted in areas having adequate natural or mechanical ventilation may be exempt from the provisions of Division II of this article, when using undercoating materials which are not more hazardous than kerosene, or under- coating materials using only solvents having a flash point in excess of 100°F. (b) Undercoating spray operations not conforming with Section 45.501 (a) shall be subject to all applicable provisions of this article. Division VI POWDER COATING Dry Powder Application Sec. 45.601. This division shall apply to finely ground particles of protective finishing material applied in dry powder form by one of the following methods: 1. Fluidized bed. 2. Electrostatic fluidized bed. 3. Powder spray guns. 4. Electrostatic powder spray guns. Each method requires certain essential protective measures which shall be compatible with the method employed. Location and Construction of Powder Coating Rooms and Booths Sec. 45.602. Powder coating operations shall be conducted in: 1. Completely enclosed rooms constructed of noncombustible materials, or 2. Enclosed powder coating facilities which are adequately ventilated, or 3. Adequately ventilated spray booths meeting the requirements of Section 45.203 of this article. Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition Sec. 45.603. Electrical equipment and other sources of ignition shall conform to the requirements of the Electrical Code. NOTE: The application of powders by means of nonelectrostatic fluidized bed or powder spray gun normally requires the part to be preheated; preheating is also sometimes used with electrostatic equipment. Care must be taken to ensure that the temperature of the part to be coated does not exceed the ignition temperature of the powder being used. 118 1985 EDITION 45.603-45.608 Precautions shall be taken to minimize the possibility of ignition by static electrical sparks, through static grounding, where possible, of powder transport, application and recovery equipment. Ventilation Sec. 45.604. Exhaust ventilation shall be sufficient to maintain the atmosphere below the lowest explosive limits for the material being applied. All nondeposited air -suspended powders shall be safely removed via exhaust ducts to the powder recovery cyclone or receptacle. Drying, Curing or Fusion Equipment Sec. 45.605. The provisions of Article 62 for Industrial Baking and Drying Ovens shall apply. Operation and Maintenance Sec. 45.606. (a) All areas shall be kept free of accumulation of powder coating dusts, particularly such horizontal surfaces as ledges, beams, pipes, hoods, booths and floors. (b) Surfaces shall be cleaned in such manner as to avoid scattering dust to other places or creating dust clouds. Equipment shall be approved for use in hazardous locations. (c) Care shall be exercised to prevent iron or spark -producing metals from being introduced into the powders being applied. Magnetic and filter -type separa- tors are recommended. (d) NO SMOKING signs in accordance with Section 13.103 shall be conspic- uously posted at all powder coating areas and powder storage rooms. Fixed Electrostatic Spraying Equipment Sec. 45.607. The provisions of Division IV and other sections of Division VI of this article shall apply to fixed electrostatic equipment. Electrostatic Fluidized Beds Sec. 45.608. (a) Electrostatic fluidized beds and associated equipment shall be of approved types. The maximum surface temperature of this equipment in the coating area shall not exceed 150°F. The high voltage circuits shall be designed so as not to produce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite any powder -air mixtures nor result in shock hazard upon coming in contact with a ground object under normal operating conditions. (b) Transformers, power packs, control apparatus and all other electrical portions of the equipment, with the exception of the charging electrodes and their connections to the power supply, shall be located outside of the powder coating area or shall otherwise conform to the requirements of Division VI of this article. (c) All electrically conductive objects within the charging influence of the electrodes shall be adequately grounded. The powder coating equipment shall carry a prominent, permanently installed warning regarding the necessity for grounding these objects. (d) Objects being coated shall be maintained in contact with the conveyor or 119 45.608-45.705 UNIFORM FIRE CODE other support in order to ensure proper grounding. Hangers shall be regularly cleaned to ensure effective contact and areas of contact shall be sharp points or knife edges where possible. (e) The electrical equipment shall be so interlocked with the ventilation system that the equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation. Division VII ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUAL COMPONENT COATINGS General Sec. 45.701. (a) Extreme care should be exercised at all times in preventing the contamination of organic peroxide initiators with any foreign substance. Only spray guns and related handling equipment specifically manufactured for use with organic peroxides shall be used. Separate pressure vessels and inserts specific for the application shall be used for the resin and for the organic peroxide and they shall not be interchanged. (b) Organic peroxide pressure tank inserts shall be constructed of stainless steel or polyethylene. (c) Dusts or overspray residues resulting from the sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing organic peroxides if mixed with other materials may cause a fire or explosion; hence, care shall be exercised to prevent any contamination from this source. (d) All spilled peroxides shall be promptly removed so there are no residues. Spilled material may be absorbed by using a noncombustible absorbent and then promptly disposed of in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. Use of Organic Peroxide Coatings Sec. 45.702. All spraying operations involving the use of organic peroxides and other dual -component coatings shall be conducted in approved sprinklered spray booths meeting the requirements of this article. Storage Sec. 45.703. Organic peroxides shall be stored in a cool, detached building apart from other finishing materials, and only minimum daily requirements shall be brought to the processing area; such material remaining at the spraying station at the end of a day's operation shall be carefully disposed of. Organic peroxides shall be kept away from all sources of heat including steam pipes, radiators, open flames or sparks and solar radiation. Handling Sec. 45.704. Care shall be exercised in handling organic peroxides to avoid shock and friction which can cause decomposition and violent reaction. Mixing Sec. 45.705. Organic peroxides shall not be mixed directly with any accelera- 120 1985 EDITION 45.705-45.707 tors or promoters, as violent decomposition or explosion may result. Smoking Sec. 45.706. Smoking shall be prohibited and NO SMOKING signs shall be prominently displayed and only nonsparking tools shall be used in any area where organic peroxides are stored, mixed or applied. Personnel Qualifications Sec. 45.707. Only specifically trained personnel shall be permitted to work with these materials. 121 46.101-46.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 46 FRUIT -RIPENING PROCESSES Scope Sec. 46.101. This article shall apply to the process of ripening green bananas or citrus fruits in tightly closed rooms heated with indirect fired heaters and shall include those processes where ethylene gas is introduced into the room to assist the ripening process. Permits Sec. 46.102. For a permit for a fruit -ripening process, see Section 4.101. Use of Ethylene Sec. 46.103. (a) The location of buildings in which fruit -ripening processes utilizing ethylene are conducted shall be approved by the chief. (b) Ethylene shall be introduced by some means under positive control and measured so that the quantity introduced does not exceed one part ethylene to 1000 parts of air. (c) Containers storing ethylene shall be built in accordance with nationally recognized good practice. (d) Containers other than those connected for use shall be stored outside of the building or in a special building except that not more than two portable ICC containers not connected for any use may be stored inside the building premises. Such inside rooms or portions of buildings used for storage of these containers shall be constructed in accordance with Section 49.109 (c). (e) Ethylene piping shall be of iron pipe. Flexible connectors and hose, when used, shall be of approved type. Tubing shall be of brass or copper with not less than 0.049-inch wall thickness. Electrical Equipment Sec. 46.104. (a) Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed in accor- dance with the Electrical Code. (b) Lighting shall be by electricity. Heating Sec. 46.105. (a) Heating of ripening rooms shall be by indirect means with low-pressure steam, hot water or warm air, approved electric heaters or approved gas heaters or approved kerosene heaters, all of which shall have sealed combus- tion chambers. (b) Steam and hot-water pipes and radiators shall have a clearance of at least 1 inch to combustible material. (c) Gas heaters and their vents shall be installed in accordance with the Mechanical Code. Gas heaters shall be equipped with an automatic pilot device to shut off the gas supply whenever the flame is extinguished. (d) Burners for gas or kerosene heaters shall be installed so that air for 122 1985 EDITION 46.105-46.107 combustion is taken from outside the ripening room and the products of combus- tion are discharged to the outside. (e) Kerosene heaters shall be installed in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Mechanical Code. (f) Electric heaters shall be of a type having no exposed surface at a temperature higher than 800T and with thermostatic elements which produce no sparks and shall be of a type approved for use in hazardous locations. (g) A protective guard shall be provided around any heater to prevent the possibility of its being knocked over by other equipment such as vehicles or lift trucks. Open Flames Sec. 46.106. (a) Open -flame heaters and open lights shall not be permitted in ripening rooms. (b) NO SMOKING signs shall be posted at every entrance and smoking shall be prohibited in the ripening rooms. Housekeeping Sec. 46.107. Ripening rooms shall be frequently cleared of all combustible material. a 123 47.101-47.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 47 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING Scope Sec. 47.101. This article applies to fumigations and thermal insecticidal fogging operations which shall conform to all other applicable requirements of this code as well as to the following provisions. Permits Sec. 47.102. For a permit to engage in the business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging or to maintain a fumigation room, vault or chamber in which a toxic flammable fumigant is used, see Section 4.101. Sources of Ignition Sec. 47.103. (a) All fires, open flames and similar sources of ignition shall be eliminated from the space under fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. Heating, if needed, shall be of an approved type. (b) If the fumigant used has a flammability rating of 2 or higher (see Tables Nos. 47.103-A and 47.103-B), the electric service shall be disconnected outside the premises. If the fumigant has a flammability rating of less than 2, electric service need not be disconnected. (c) When fumigants having a flammability rating of 2 or higher are used, temporary remote control power leads with control switches located outside the fumigated space may be installed for powering fumigant circulating fans in the fumigated space. Such fans shall be approved for the intended use. Notification of Fumigation Sec. 47.104. The chief shall be notified in writing at least 24 hours before any building or structure or ship is to be closed in connection with the use of any toxic or flammable fumigant. Breathing Apparatus Required Sec. 47.105. All persons engaged in the business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging shall maintain and have available approved protective breathing apparatus. Watchman Required During Fumigation Sec. 47.106. Where a flammable gas or substance giving rise to a flammable gas is used for fumigation, the employer shall be required to have 24-hour supervision from the time the premises have been fumigated until all ventilation work has been completed (approved gastight vaults or tanks are excepted from this requirement). Sealing of Building Sec. 47.107. Except for approved tarps and irrespective of the type of fumigant employed, the use of paper or other similar nonfire-retardant material to wrap or 124 1985 EDITION 47.107-47.112 cover a building in excess of that required for the sealing of cracks, casements, etc., is prohibited. Warning Signs Sec. 47.108. Whenever fumigants are used or stored, conspicuous warning signs bearing the "skull and crossbones" emblem, with the words DANGER! POISON GAS! KEEP OUT! and designating the name of the fumigant, the fumigator's name, address and telephone number, shall be posted in such loca- tions as to give adequate warnings thereof. Venting and Clean Up ; Sec. 47.109. At the end of the exposure period, fumigators shall safely and properly ventilate the premises and contents, properly dispose of all fumigant ` containers, residues, debris and other materials used for such fumigation and a clear obstructions from gas -fired appliance vents. a Thermal Insecticidal Fogging Liquids a Sec. 47.110. No thermal insecticidal fogging liquid shall be used that has a flash point below 100°F. Warehouse Fumigations Sec. 47.111. In warehouses or other structures used for the storage of produce, tarp fumigations of not more than 5 percent of the total volume of cubic feet of the warehouse may be permitted without notification to the chief, provided that the fumigation is conducted by a licensed fumigator. Flammable Fumigants Restricted Sec. 47.112. The use of carbon bisulfide (CS,) and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) shall be restricted to agricultural fumigations. 125 TABLE NO. 47.103-A —CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME COMMON FUMIGANTS N a V Of NO. CHEMICAL CHEMICAL BOILING WATER FLAMMABLE HAZARD SIGNAL 2 REMARKS O NAME FORMULA POINT (•F.) SOLUBLE LIMITVOL IN AIF H F R D 1. Acrylonitrile' CHtCHCN 171 No 3-17 4 3 2 May polymerize violently on con- tact with alkali unless inhibited Decomposes and releases hydrogen cyanide at high temperatures or in contact with acids. 2. Aluminum AIP See Phosphinc Not flammable in dry state but re - Phosphide acts with moisture to produce phos- (formulated) phine gas. 3 Benzene' C,H, 176 No 1.3-7.1 2 3 0 Can be absorbed through skin. 4. Calcium Ca(CN)2 See Hydrogen Cyanide Reacts slowly with moisture to re - Cyanide lease hydrogen cyanide. 5. Carbon CS, 115 No 1.3-44 2 3 0 Low ignition temperature—2120F. Disulfide' 6. Carbon C CI, 170 No none 2 0 0 Decomposes at elevated tempera - Tetrachloride' tures to form phosgene and hydro- gen chloride. 7. Chloroform' CH CI, 142 No none 2 0 0 Decomposes at elevated tempera- tures to form phosgene and hydro- gen chloride. C 8. Chloropicrin CCI,NO, 233.6 No none 4 0 1 Causes severe eye irritation (tear Z gas). May decompose violently p when heated above 3900F. 3 9. Ethylene CH:Br CH:Br 268.7 No none 3 0 0 7! Dibromide M M n IQ Ethylene CH=CI CH,CI 183 No 6.2-16 2 3 0 Decomposes at elevated tempera- Q Dichloridd tures to give off phosgene. m i N It. Ethylene Oxide' CH=OCH2 51 Yes 3-100 2 4 3 May polymerize violently in con- 8 tact with hi hly reactive catalytic a* surfaces. annot depend upon m odor for warning. O 12, Hydrogen HCN 79 Yes 6-41 4 4 2 Almond -like odor, but do not de - Cyanide Pend upon odor for warning. May Z polymerize violently when unsta- ilized. Can be absorbed through skin. 13 Methyl Bromide CHtBr 40 No 10-16 3 l 0 14 Methylene CHICI2 104 No 15.5-66 2 0 0 May form explosive mixtures with Chloride' (in oxygen air at high concentrations. only) 15 Phosphine PH, —125 No 1.79 3 4 1 Decomposes when heated to give phosphorus oxides. Low ignition temperature 212 to 3020F. Explo- sive under vacuum fumigation conditions. 16 Propylene CH:CHOCH, 95 Yes 2.1-21.5 2 4 2 Cannot depend upon odor for Oxide' warning. 17 Sulfur Dioxide' SO2 14 Slightly none 3 0 0 Vapors are corrosive to some met- als. 18 Sulfuryl fluoride S02F2 —67 No none 2 0 0 Cannot depend upon odor for warning. 'From standpoint of use of water for extinguishment by dilution. zH = Health, F = Flammability, R = Reactivity. If the fumigant is a mixture of compounds, use numbers corresponding to the properties of the mixture. 3Seldom used singly as fumigant, but are used as components of mixtures. � J w a TABLE NO.47.103-B i IDENTIFICATION OF HEALTH HAZARD oNo COLOR CODE: BLUE IDENTIFICATION OF FLAMMABILITY COLOR CODE: RED IDENTIFICATION OF REACTIVITY (STABILITY) COLOR CODE: YELLOW Type of Possible Injury Susceptibility of Materials to Burning Susceptibility to Release of Energy SIGNAL SIGNAL SIGNAL Materials which will rapidly Materials which on very short or completely vaporize at at- Materials which are readily capable exposure could cause death injury mospheric pressure and nor- 4 of detonation or of explosive decont- 4 or major residual even 4 mal ambient temperature or position or reaction at normal tem- though prompt medical treat- which are readily dispersed peratures and pressures. ment were given. in air and which will burn rapidly. Materials which are capable of det- Materials which on short ex- ater Liquids and solids that can onation or explosive reaction but re- could cause serious posure3 temporary l residual injury 3 be ignited under almost all 3 quire a strong initiating source or even though prompt medical eventreatment though ambient temperature condi- which must be heated under confine- tions. Inert before initiation or which react were given. g explosively with water. Materials which on intense Materials that must be mod- Materials which are normally unstable or continued exposure could erately heated or exposed to and readily undergo violent chemical cause temporary incapacita- [ion or possible residual in- Z relatively high ambient tem- rve Z change but do not detonate. Also [materials which may react violently jury unless prompt medical ertivelyatures before ignition can with water or which may form poten- treatment is given. occur. tially explosive mixtures with water. Materials which are normally stable, Materials which on exposure Materials that must be pre- but which can become unstable at ele- would cause irritation but heated before ignition can vated temperatures and pressures or only minor residual injury occur. which may react with water .with some Hen if no treatment is given. B release of energy but not vioiently. Materials which on exposure under fire conditions would Materials which are normally stable, 0 offer no hazard beyond that 0 Materials that will not burn. 0 even under fire exposure conditions, of ordinary combustible ma- and which are not reactive with water. •Prial. V i w W 1985 EDITION 48.101-48.107 ARTICLE 48 MAGNESIUM Scope Sec. 48.101. This article applies to the storage, handling and processing of magnesium, including the pure metal as well as those alloys of which the major part is magnesium. Permits Sec. 48.102. For a permit for the melting, casting, heat treating, machining or grinding of magnesium, see Section 4.101. Storage of Pigs, Ingots and Billets Sec. 48.103. (a) Storage of magnesium pigs, ingots and billets out of doors shall be in piles not exceeding 1,000,000 pounds each, separated by aisles not less in width than one half the height of pile, and separated from combustible material e or buildings on the same or adjoining property by a distance of not less than the a height of the nearest pile. (b) Storage of pigs, ingots and billets in buildings shall be on floors of noncombustible construction, in piles not larger than 500,000 pounds each, separated by aisles not less in width than one half the height of the pile. Melting Pots Sec. 48.104. Floors under and around melting pots shall be of noncombustible construction. Storage of Magnesium Articles In Foundries and Processing Plants Sec. 48.105. The size of storage piles of magnesium articles in foundries and processing plants shall not exceed 1250 cubic feet and shall be separated by aisles not less in width than one half the height of the pile. Heat -treating Ovens Sec. 48.106. Approved means shall be provided for control of magnesium fires in heat -treating ovens. Magnesium Processing Operations Sec. 48.107. (a) At each grinding, buffing or wire brushing operation on magnesium, not including rough finishing of castings, dust shall be collected by means of suitable hoods or enclosures connected to a liquid precipitation type of separator, such that the dust will be converted to sludge without contact in a dry state with any high-speed moving parts. (b) Connecting ducts or suction tubes shall be completely grounded and as short as possible with no unnecessary bends. Ducts shall be carefully fabricated and assembled, with a smooth interior and with internal lap joints pointing in the direction of air flow and without unused capped side outlets, pockets or other dead-end spaces which might allow an accumulation of dust. (c) Each machine shall be equipped with its individual dust separating unit, except that with multiunit machines not more than two dust -producing units may 129 48.107-48.110 UNIFORM FIRE CODE be served by one separator. Not more than four portable dust -producing units in a single enclosure or stand may be served by one separator unit. (d) Power supply to machines shall be interlocked with: 1. Exhaust air flow, and 2. Liquid pressure level or flow in such away that improper functioning of the dust removal and separator system will shut down the machine it serves. (e) All electric wiring, fixtures and equipment in the immediate vicinity of and attached to dust -producing machines, including those used in connection with separator equipment, shall be of approved types and installed for use in Class II, Division 1 hazardous locations as specified in the Electrical Code. (f) All equipment shall be securely grounded by permanent ground wires as specified in the Electrical Code. Fire -extinguishing Materials Sec. 48.108. A supply of approved extinguishing materials in a substantial container with a hand scoop or shovel for applying material on magnesium fires or an approved extinguisher unit designed for use with such material shall be kept within easy reach of every operator performing a machining, grinding or other processing operation on magnesium. Storage of Magnesium Articles in Warehouses and Stores Sec. 48.109. (a) Magnesium storage in quantity greater than 50 cubic feet shall be separated from storage of other materials that are either combustible or in combustible containers, by aisles equal in width to not less than the height of the piles of magnesium. (b) Magnesium storage in quantity greater than 1000 cubic feet shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 1000 cubic feet with aisles between equal in width to not less than the height of the piles. (c) Magnesium in quantities over 1000 cubic feet or in combustible containers or within 30 feet of other combustibles shall not be stored in unsprinklered combustible buildings. Handling of Magnesium Fines (Fine Magnesium Scrap) Sec. 48.110. (a) Chips, turnings and other fine magnesium scrap shall be collected from the pans or spaces under machines and from other places where they collect at least once each working day and placed in a covered, vented steel container and removed to a safe location. (b) Magnesium fines shall be kept separate from other combustible materials. (c) Storage in quantity greater than 50 cubic feet of fine magnesium scrap (six 55-gallon steel drums) shall be separated from other occupancies by an open space of at least 50 feet or by an area separation wall constructed as specified in the Building Code. (d) Storage in quantity greater than 1000 cubic feet shall be separated from all buildings other than those used for magnesium scrap recovery operations by a distance of not less than 100 feet. 130 1085 EDITION 49.101-49.102 ARTICLE 49 WELDING AND CUTTING USING CALCIUM CARBIDE AND ACETYLENE General Requirements Sec. 49.101. (a) In performance of welding and cutting operations, only approved equipment such as blowpipes, torches, regulators and acetylene genera- tors that have been examined and tested and found to be safeguarded as far as practicable shall be used. (b) All cylinders or containers used for the storage of compressed gases shall be constructed, charged and marked in accordance with nationally recognized safe practices. (c) For a permit to conduct welding and/or cutting operations, see Section 4.101. Piping of Oxygen and Fuel Gases Sec. 49.102. (a) Except as provided in Section 49.102 (b) and (c), piping shall be of wrought iron, steel, brass or copper pipe, or approved seamless copper, brass or other approved gas tubing. All piping and fittings for conveying gas or liquid at pressures up to 150 pounds per square inch shall be suitable for a safe working pressure of not less than 150 pounds per square inch. For pressures in excess of 150 pounds per square inch, extra -heavy-duty pipe and fittings shall be used as a minimum. Joints in steel or wrought iron pipe shall be welded or made up with threaded or flanged fittings; or rolled, forged or cast steel, or malleable iron fittings may be used. Joints in brass or copper pipe may be welded or made up with threaded or flanged fittings. Joints in approved seamless copper, brass or other approved nonferrous gas tubing shall be made by means of approved fittings or, if of the socket type, with silver solder or similar high -melting -point material. Cast-iron fittings shall be prohibited. Threaded connections in oxygen piping shall be tinned or made up with other suitable joint sealer applied to the male thread. (b) Acetylene piping shall be steel or wrought iron pipe only. (c) Oxygen piping shall be steel, wrought iron, brass or copper pipe or approved seamless nonferrous gas tubing. Tubing shall be used only for pressures of 150 pounds per square inch or less. (d) Piping shall be protected against injury, and allowance made for con- traction, expansion, jarring and vibration. If laid underground, it shall be below the frost line and protected against corrosion. Low points in piping shall be provided with drip pots and drain valves, the latter to be normally closed with screw caps or plugs. Oxygen piping shall not be placed in any location where it may be exposed to contact with oil. (e) All piping shall be tested and proved tight at one and one-half times its maximum working pressure. Any medium used for testing oxygen lines shall be oil free. Flames shall not be used to detect leaks. 131 49.102-49.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (f) All buried pipe and tubing and outdoor ferrous pipe and tubing shall be covered or painted with a suitable corrosion -resisting material. Manifolding of Cylinders Sec. 49.103. (a) Oxygen manifolds shall not be located in an acetylene generator room or in close proximity to cylinders of combustible gases. Oxygen manifolds shall be located away from highly flammable material, especially oil, grease or any substance likely to cause or accelerate fire. (b) The aggregate capacity of fuel -gas cylinders connected to one manifold inside a building shall not exceed 3000 cubic feet of gas, or 300 pounds in the case of liquefied petroleum gas. More than one such manifold, each supplying one blowpipe or one machine, may be located in the same room if separated at least 50 feet. (c) Where it is necessary to manifold fuel -gas cylinders having an aggregate gas capacity in excess of 3000 cubic feet, they shall be located outside or in a special building, or in a separate room constructed in accordance with the provisions of Section 49.109 (b). Storage of Cylinders Sec. 49.104. (a) Cylinders of fuel gases stored inside a building, except those in actual use or attached ready for use, shall be limited to a total capacity of 3000 cubic feet (250 pounds of liquefied petroleum gas). Storage exceeding the above amount shall be in a separate room as provided for by Section 49.109, or cylinders shall be kept outside or in a special building. Buildings, rooms or compartments provided for such storage shall be well ventilated and be without open -flame heating or lighting devices. (b) Cylinders stored inside of buildings shall be away from highly combustible materials and in locations where they are not subject to excessive rise in tempera- ture, mechanical injury or tampering. All cylinders, including empty ones, shall have their caps in place and all valves tightly closed. (c) All compressed gas cylinders in service or in storage shall be adequately secured to prevent falling or being knocked over. Liquid Oxygen Sec. 49.105. Where liquid oxygen in a quantity exceeding 100 gallons is to be used for welding and cutting, the container or containers shall be located outside or in a special building having no other occupancy except that related to the handling and gasification of the oxygen. Hose and Hose Connections Sec. 49.106. (a) Hose shall be capable of withstanding a hydrostatic pressure of 800 pounds per square inch. (b) A single hose having more than one gas passage, a wall failure of which would permit the flow of one gas into the other gas passage, shall not be used. Where two hoses joined by a web so as to form integral lengths of double hose are used, the two hoses shall be identified as follows: 132 1985 EDITION 49.106-49.107 1. By exterior color, such as by employing green for oxygen and red for acetylene, or 2. If the entire exterior of both passages is of the same color, the two sides shall be distinguished by feel or touch (i.e., smooth versus rib or rough exterior surface). (c) When parallel lengths of oxygen and acetylene hose are taped together for convenience and to prevent tangling, not more than 4 inches out of each 8 shall be covered by tape. (d) Hose connections shall be clamped or otherwise securely fastened in a manner that will withstand, without leakage, twice the pressure to which they are normally subjected in service but in no case less than a pressure of 300 pounds per square inch. (e) Hose shall be inspected frequently for leaks, burns, torn places, loose connections or other defects which may render the hose unfit for service. Where hose shows excessive wear or has been subjected to flashback it shall be inspected and tested at twice the normal pressure which it is subject to in service but in no case at less than 200 pounds per square inch before being returned to service. Defective lengths of hose shall be discarded. General Safety Rules for Welding and Cutting Sec. 49.107. (a) No device or attachment facilitating or permitting mixture of air or oxygen with combustible gases prior to consumption, except at the burner or in a standard torch or blowpipe, shall be allowed unless approved for the purpose. (b) The user shall not transfer gases from one cylinder to another or mix gases in a cylinder. (c) Under no conditions shall acetylene gas be generated, piped (except in approved cylinder manifolds) or utilized at a pressure in excess of 15 pounds per square inch gage pressure, except when dissolved in a suitable solvent in cylin- ders manufactured according to Interstate Commerce Commission requirements. (d) The use of liquid acetylene is prohibited. (e) Acetylene gas shall not be brought in contact with unalloyed copper except in a blowpipe or torch. (f) Oxygen shall never be used from a cylinder or cylinder manifold unless a pressure -regulating device intended for use with oxygen, and so marked, is provided. (g) Fuel gas shall never be used from cylinders through torches or other devices equipped with shutoff valves without reducing the pressure through a suitable regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold. (h) Cylinders, valves, regulators, hose and other apparatus and fittings contain- ing or using oxygen shall be kept free from oil or grease. Oxygen cylinders, apparatus and fittings shall not be handled with oily hands or gloves or greasy materials. (i) When moving compressed gas cylinders by crane, suitable cradles shall be used in order to reduce the possibility of dropping. Ordinary rope slings or electromagnets shall not be used. 133 49.107-49.109 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 0) Oxygen and fuel gas cylinders and acetylene generators shall be placed far enough away from the welding position that they will not be unduly heated by radiation from heated materials, by sparks or slag, or by misdirection of the torch flame. (k) Gas welding or cutting shall not be done in or near rooms or locations where flammable liquids or vapors, lint, dust or loose combustible stocks are so located or arranged that sparks or hot metal from the welding or cutting operations may cause ignition or explosion of such materials. (1) When such welding or cutting must be done above or within 10 feet of combustible construction or material or above a place where workers are employed, or where persons are likely to pass, noncombustible shields shall be interposed to protect such materials and persons from sparks and hot metal or oxide. (m) One or more first -aid fire -extinguishing appliances of a suitable approved type shall be kept at the location where welding or cutting is being done. (n) When welding or cutting is done above or within 10 feet of combustible construction or material, a fire watch shall be on hand to make use of fire - extinguishing equipment. (o) A fire watch shall be maintained for at least a half hour after completion of cutting or welding operations to detect and extinguish possible smoldering fires. Containers for Calcium Carbide Sec. 49.108. Containers used for the storage of calcium carbide shall be of metal of sufficient strength to ensure handling without rupture and shall be provided with a screw top or its equivalent. They shall be of watertight con- struction. Solder shall not be used on joints in such a manner that fire would disrupt the package. Packages shall be marked CALCIUM CARBIDE —DAN- GEROUS IF NOT KEPT DRY. Storage of Calcium Carbide in Buildings Sec. 49.109. (a) Storage of calcium carbide inside buildings shall be in a dry, waterproof and well -ventilated location. (b) Calcium carbide in excess of 600 pounds shall not be stored in a building containing other occupancy unless in an acetylene generator room or separate room in a one-story building without basement underneath the carbide storage section. Such rooms shall be separated from the rest of the building by a one -hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. The room or compartments may also be used for storage of fuel -gas cylinders but not oxygen. Adequate ventilation shall be provided. (c) Calcium carbide in excess of 5000 pounds shall be stored in one-story buildings without basement and used for either no other purpose except the storage of fuel -gas cylinders, or in outside acetylene generator houses. Locations of such storage buildings shall be approved by the chief and shall comply with the requirements of the Building Code for a Group H, Division 1 Occupancy. 134 1985 EDITION 49.110-49.113 Generators to Be Approved See. 49.110. Acetylene generators shall be of approved type and shall be plainly marked with the rate in cubic feet of acetylene per hour for which they are designed, the amount of weight of carbide necessary for a single charge, the manufacturer's name and address and the name or number of the type of generator. Generator Rooms See. 49.111. (a) Stationary generators shall be installed in a well -ventilated room located in one-story buildings or on the top floor or roof of multistory buildings. Such rooms shall be separated from the rest of the building by a one - hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. At least one wall of a generator room shall be an exterior wall. (b) Approved explosion venting shall be provided in exterior walls or roofs. The venting area shall be not less than one square foot per 50 cubic feet of room volume. (c) The storage of fuel gas cylinders in such rooms shall not exceed a total capacity of 2000 cubic feet of gas, or a total water capacity of 735 pounds of LPG or methylacetylene-propadiene stabilized. Portable Generators Sec. 49.112. (a) Portable generators shall not be used in rooms having a total volume less than 35 times the total gas -generating capacity per charge of all generators in the room. The gas -generating capacity in cubic feet per charge shall be assumed as 4.5 times the weight of carbide per charge in pounds. Generators shall not be used in rooms having a ceiling height less than 10 feet. (b) An acetylene generator shall not be moved by derrick crane or hoist while charged. Protection Against Freezing Sec. 49.113. Generators shall be placed where water will not freeze. No common salt (sodium chloride) or other corrosive chemical shall be used as a protection against freezing. 135 50.101-50.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 50 MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS Scope Sec. 50.101. (a) This article shall apply to (1) processes manufacturing protective and decorative finishes or coating (paints) for industrial, automotive, marine, transportation, institutional, household or other purposes, and (2) the handling of flammable or combustible liquids, certain combustible solids and potential dust explosion conditions (b) This article shall not apply to (1) processes manufacturing nonflammable or water -thinned coatings or (2) operations applying coating materials. Definition Sec. 50.102. For definition of ORGANIC COATING, see Section 9.117. Permits Sec. 50.103. For permits for organic coating manufacturing operations, see Section 4.101. Process Buildings Sec. 50.104. (a) Manufacturing of organic coatings shall be done only in buildings meeting the requirements of a Group H, Division 1 Occupancy as specified in the Building Code. Such buildings shall have no pits or basements and shall be provided with approved explosion venting facilities. (b) An organic coating manufacturing operation shall not be located in the same building with other occupancies. Operations incidental to or in connection with organic coating manufacturing shall not be classed as "other occupancies" for the purpose of this provision. (c) An organic coating manufacturing operation shall be accessible from at least one side for the purpose of fire control. (d) Where topographical conditions are such that flammable or combustible liquids may flow from the organic coating manufacturing operation so as to constitute a fire hazard to properties of others, drainage facilities shall be pro- vided in accordance with Section 50.106. (e) Enclosed buildings in which Class I liquids are processed or handled shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than cubic foot per minute per square foot of solid floor area. This shall be accomplished by exhaust fans preferably taking suction at floor levels and discharging to a safe location outside the building. Provision shall be made for introduction of noncontaminated intake air in such a manner that all portions of solid floor areas will be subject to continuous distributed movement of air. (f) Heating in hazardous areas, if required, shall be provided by indirect means. Ignition sources such as open flames or electrical heating elements, except as provided in Section 50.111, shall not be used within the building. 136 1985 EDITION 50.105-50.106 Storage of Raw Materials and Finished Products Sec. 50.105. (a) The storage, handling and use of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. (b) Tank storage for flammable and combustible liquids inside of buildings shall be permitted only in storage areas at or above grade which are separated from the processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. This is not intended to prevent processing equipment from containing flammable and combustible liquids or storage in such quantities as are essential to the continuity of operations. (c) Tank car and tank vehicle loading and unloading stations for Class I liquids shall be separated from the processing area, other plant buildings, nearest line of adjoining property that may be built upon, or public thoroughfare, by a clear distance of not less than 25 feet. (d) Loading and unloading structures and platforms for flammable and com- bustible liquids shall be designed and installed in accordance with Article 79. (e) Tank cars for Class I or II liquids shall be unloaded so as to be reasonably safe to persons and property. (f) Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids shall be loaded and a unloaded in accordance with Article 79. (g) Finished products that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored o z outside of buildings or in a separate building, or in a separate room separated from the processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified a = in the Building Code. The storage of finished products shall be in tanks or in closed containers in accordance with Article 79. (h) The nitrocellulose storage area shall be in a separate building or in a room which is separated from the processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. The nitrocellulose storage shall be used for no other purpose. Electrical wiring equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. (i) Nitrocellulose shall be stored only in closed containers. Barrels shall be stored on end and, if tiered, not more than two high. Barrels or other containers of nitrocellulose shall not be opened in the main storage building but at the point of use or other location set aside for this purpose. 0) Spilled nitrocellulose shall be promptly wetted with water and disposed of by use or by burning in the open at a suitable detached location. (k) The storage of organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Article 80. (1) The size of the package containing the organic peroxide shall be selected so that, as nearly as practical, full packages are utilized at one time. Any peroxide spilled shall be promptly cleaned up and disposed of as recommended by the supplier. Drainage Facilities Sec. 50.106. Drainage facilities shall be provided to direct flammable and combustible liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe location away from 137 50.106-50.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE the building, any other important value, or adjoining property. Process Mills, Mixers and Kettles Sec. 50.107. (a) Mills operating with close clearances and used for the processing of flammable and heat -sensitive materials, such as nitrocellulose, shall be located in a detached building or in a noncombustible structure without other occupancy. The amount of nitrocellulose or other flammable material brought into the area shall be no more than that required for a batch. (b) Mixers shall be of the enclosed type or, if of the open type, shall be provided with properly fitted covers. Where gravity flow is used, a shutoff valve shall be installed as close as practical to the mixer and a control valve shall be provided near the end of the fill pipe. (c) Open kettles shall be located in an outside area, provided with a protective roof or in a separate building of noncombustible construction or separated from other areas by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. (d) The vaporizer section of heat transfer systems heating closed kettles containing solvents shall be remotely located. Contact heated kettles containing solvents shall be equipped with safety devices that in case of fire turn the process heat off, turn the cooling medium on and inject inert gas into the kettle. (e) The kettle and thin -down tank shall be instrumented, controlled and inter- locked so that any failure of the controls will result in a safe condition. The kettle shall be provided with a pressure rupture disc in case the normal vent becomes inoperative. The vent piping from the rupture disc shall be of a minimum length and shall discharge to a safe location. The thin -down tank shall be adequately vented. Thinning operations shall be provided with an adequate vapor removal system. Process Piping Sec. 50.108. (a) All piping, valves and fittings shall be designed for the working pressures and structural stresses to which they may be subjected. They shall be of steel or other material approved for the service intended. (b) Valves shall be of an indicating type. Terminal valves on remote pumping systems shall be of the "dead -man" type which will shut off both the pump and the flow of solvent. (c) Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protected against physical damage. Piping shall be pitched to avoid unintentional trapping of liquids or suitable drains shall be provided. (d) Approved flexible connectors may be used where vibration exists or where frequent movement is necessary. Approved hose shall be used at dispensing stations. (e) Before being placed in service, all piping shall be free of leaks when tested to not less than one and one-half times the working pressure or a minimum of not less than 5 psig at the highest point in the system. Tests shall continue for a minimum of 30 minutes. 138 1985 EDITION 50.109-50.112 Transfer of Flammable and Combustible Liquids in Process Areas Sec. 50.109. (a) The transfer of large quantities of flammable and combustible liquids shall be through piping by means of pumps. The use of compressed air as a transfer medium shall be prohibited. (b) Pumps shall be selected for the flammable and combustible liquid used, the working pressures and the structural stresses to which they may be subjected. (c) Where solvents are pumped from storage to points of use, approved switches shall be provided in the processing areas and at the pumps to shut down the pumps in case of fire. (d) Empty and filled containers shall be stored outside the filling area. Raw Materials in Process Areas Sec. 50.110. (a) The amount of nitrocellulose brought into the operating area shall not exceed that required for a shift. Any nitrocellulose which may be spilled on the floor or elsewhere shall be promptly swept up, put into a pail of water and removed at the end of the day or shift and disposed of by use or by burning in the open at a suitable detached location. (b) Organic peroxides brought into the operating area shall be in the original shipping container and shall not exceed the quantity required for a shift. When in the operating area the peroxide shall not be placed in locations exposed to ignition sources, heat or mechanical shocks. Electrical Equipment Sec. 50.111. (a) All electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the Electrical Code. (b) Where Class I liquids are exposed to the air, the design of equipment and ventilation of buildings shall be such as to limit the Class 1, Division 1 locations to pits, the interior of equipment and the "immediate vicinity" of pumps or equip- ment locations such as dispensing stations, open centrifuges, plate and frame filters, opened vacuum filters, change cans and the surfaces of open equipment. Immediate vicinity means a zone extending from the vapor liberation point 20 feet horizontally in all directions and vertically from the floor to a level 6 feet above the highest point of vapor liberation. (c) All locations not covered by Section 50.111 (b) where Class I liquids are handled shall be Class I, Division 2. If the flash point of the liquid processed is higher than ambient temperature and at least 100'E, ordinary electrical equip- ment may be used, though care shall be used in locating electrical apparatus to prevent hot metal from falling into open processing equipment. (d) Ordinary electrical equipment, including switch gear, may be used if installed in a room which is maintained under positive pressure with respect to the hazardous area. Air or other media for pressurization shall be taken from a location where entrainment of flammable vapor is improbable. Protection Against Static Electricity and Lightning Sec. 50.112. (a) All equipment such as tanks, machinery and piping, where an ignitable mixture may be present, shall be bonded and connected to a ground. The 139 50.112-50.114 UNIFORM FIRE CODE bond or ground or both shall be physically applied or shall be inherently present by the nature of installation. This electrically conductive path shall have a resistance of not more than one million ohms. (b) Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or equipment shall be bonded to the other portions of the system or grounded. (c) Tank vehicles loaded or unloaded through open connections shall be grounded and bonded to the receiving system. (d) When a flammable mixture is transferred from one portable container to another, a bond shall be provided between the two containers. (e) Steel framing of buildings shall be grounded with resistance of not more than five ohms. Fire Protection Sec. 50.113. (a) An approved fire alarm system shall be provided. (b) All plant fire protection facilities shall be adequately maintained, periodi- cally inspected and tested. Maintenance Sec. 50.114. (a) The cleaning of tanks or vessels which have contained flammable or combustible liquids shall be done only under the supervision of persons who understand the fire and explosion potential. (b) When necessary to make repairs involving "hot work," the work shall be authorized by the responsible individual in charge before the work is started. (c) When necessary to enter a tank, pit, manhole or other confined spaces, such entry shall be authorized by the responsible individual in charge. (d) Power -operated industrial trucks shall be of a type approved for the location. (e) Open flames and direct -fired heating devices shall be prohibited in areas where flammable vapor -air mixtures may exist. (f) Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated areas. (g) Empty containers previously used for flammable or combustible liquids shall be removed to a well -detached, outside location and, if not cleaned on the premises, removed from the plant as soon as practical. (h) Storage in containers outside of buildings shall conform to Article 79. (i) Adequate aisles shall be maintained for the unobstructed movement of personnel and fire -protection equipment. 140 1985 EDITION 51.101-51.102 ARTICLE 51 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES USING HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIALS Scope Sec. 51.101. This article shall apply to buildings in which hazardous produc- tion materials are used in excess of quantities shown in Table No. 9-A of the Building Code and which are classified as Group H, Division 6 Occupancies. The storage, handling and use of hazardous production materials shall comply with the provisions of this article as well as other applicable provisions of this code. All required devices and systems shall be maintained in an operable condition. Definitions Sec. 51.102. For the purpose of this article, certain terms are defined as follows: EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM is a system intended to provide the indication and warning of abnormal conditions and summon appropriate aid. EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION is an approved location on the prem- ises of a Group H, Division 6 Occupancy where signals from emergency equip- ment are received. FABRICATION AREA (Fab Area) is an area within a Group H, Division 6 Occupancy in which there are processes involving hazardous production mate- rials and may include ancillary rooms or areas such as dressing rooms and offices that are directly related to the fab area processes. HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (RPM) is a solid, liquid or gas that has a degree -of -hazard rating in health, flammability or reactivity of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3 and which is used directly in research, laboratory or production processes which have as their end product materials which are not hazardous. HPM STORAGE ROOM is a room used for the storage or dispensing of hazardous production material (HPM) and which is classified as a Group H, Division 1 or Division 2 Occupancy. INSIDE HPM STORAGE ROOM is a room totally enclosed within a build- ing and having no exterior walls. SERVICE CORRIDOR is a fully enclosed passage used for transporting hazardous production materials and purposes other than required exiting. USE (Material) is the placing in action or making, available for service by opening or connecting any container utilized for confinement of material whether a solid, liquid or gas. WORK STATION is a defined space or an independent principal piece of equipment using hazardous production materials within a fabrication area where a specific function, a laboratory procedure or a research activity occurs. Approved 141 51.102-51.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE cabinets serving the work station shall be defined as a part of the work station. The station may contain ventilation equipment, fire protection devices, sensors for gas and other hazards, electrical devices and other processing and scientific equipment. Permits Sec. 51.103. For a permit for the storage, handling and use of hazardous production materials, see Section 4.101. Sprinkler System Alarm Sec. 51.104. Sprinkler systems shall be supervised as provided in Chapter 38 of the Building Code with alarm signaling sent to the emergency control station. Fabrication Area Sec. 51.105. (a) General. Fabrication areas shall comply with the require- ments of the Building Code for a Group H, Division 6 Occupancy. (b) Location. The occupied levels of fab areas shall not be located below the first story. (c) Maximum Quantities of HPM. The quantities of HPM within each fab area shall not exceed that shown in Table No. 51.105-A. EXCEPTIONS: 1. The quantities of HPM allowed at work stations by Section 51.106 (b), provided that the HPM is not in storage, shall not be included when determining the quantities allowed within the fab area. 2. HPM within piping shall not be included in the calculated quantities. 3. Nonflammable HPM liquids not exceeding 25 gallons per station, open to the atmosphere, shall not be included in the aggregate. Nonflammable HPM liquids not exceeding 25 gallons, in the reservoirs of the filtering systems of connected mate- rials in use, shall not be included in the aggregate. 4. HPM in approved containers, except highly toxic materials and poisonous gases, which are connected in an approved manner and completely enclosed within a ventilated noncombustible section of the work station shall not be included in the calculated quantities. 142 1985 EDITION 51.105, 51.105-A TABLE NO.51.105-A PERMITTED QUANTITIES OF HPM IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA MATERIAL MAXIMUM QUANTITY Flammable liquids Class I -A 90 gal. Class I-B 180 gal. Class I-C 270 gal. Combination flammable liquids 360 gal. Combustible liquids Class II 360 gal. Class 111-A 750 gal. Flammable gases 9,000 cu. ft. at one atmosphere of pressure at 70°F. Liquefied flammable gases 180 gal. Flammable solids 1,500 lbs. Corrosive liquids 165 gal. Oxidizing material —gases 18,000 cu. ft. Oxidizing material —liquids 150 gal. Oxidizing material —solids 1,500 lbs. Organic peroxides 30 lbs. Highly toxic material and Included in the aggregate for poisonous gas flammables as noted above (d) Ventilation Requirements. 1. General. Exhaust ventilation shall be pro- vided to produce not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot, floor area, and shall comply with Section 79.804, Item No. 3. 2. Separating systems. The return -air system of one fab area shall not connect to another system within the building. 3. Ventilation controls. There shall be a manual control switch for the supply or recirculation air systems, or both, located outside the fab area. Additional manual control switch locations may be required by the chief. (e) Special Provisions. 1. Excess flow control. Where HPM supply gas is carried in pressurized piping, a fail-safe system shall shut off flow due to a rupture in the piping. Where the piping originates from within the HPM storage room, this excess flow valve shall be located within the HPM storage room. Where the piping originates from outside the building, the valve shall be located outside the building as close to the bulk source as practical. 2. Piping and tubing installation. Piping and tubing shall be installed in accordance with approved standards. Supply piping of hazardous production materials having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall have welded connections throughout unless an exhausted enclosure is provided. 143 51.105-51.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE EXCEPTION: Material which is incompatible with ferrous piping may be installed in nonmetallic piping with approved connections. 3. Gas -detection system. When hazardous production material gas is used or dispensed and the physiological warning properties for the gas are at a higher level than the accepted permissible exposure limit for the gas, a continuous gas - monitoring system shall be provided to detect the presence of a short-term hazard condition. When dispensing occurs and flammable gases or vapors may be present in quantities in excess of 20 percent of the lower explosive limit, a continuous gas -monitoring system shall be provided. The monitoring system shall be connected to the emergency control station. Work Station Within the Fabrication Area Sec. 51.106. (a) Construction. Work stations within fabrication areas shall be constructed of materials compatible with the materials used at the station. When the provisions of Section 51.105 (c), Exception 4, apply, the portion of the work station that serves as a cabinet for hazardous gases and flammable liquids shall be noncombustible and if of metal shall be not less than 0.0478-inch (18 gage) steel. Hazardous gases and liquid containers within the work station shall be protected from seismic forces in an approved manner. (b) Maximum Quantities of HPM. The HPM in use in a work station shall not exceed: Flammables gases 3 cylinders and toxics liquids 15 gallons combined solids 5 pounds Corrosives gases 3 cylinders liquids 25 gallons solids 20 pounds Oxidizers gases 3 cylinders liquids 12 gallons solids 20 pounds (c) Exhaust Ventilation. 1. Design criteria. There shall be a ventilation system to capture and exhaust fumes and vapors at the work station. 2. Duct systems. A. Materials. Materials for ducts shall comply with the Mechanical Code. B. Reactives. Two or more operations shall not be connected to the same exhaust system when either one or the combination of the substances removed may constitute a fire, explosion or chemical reaction hazard within the duct system. C. Penetrations. Exhaust duct systems penetrating occupancy separations shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent fire -resistive construction. Ducts shall not penetrate area separation walls. Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust ducts. 144 1985 EDITION 51.106 D. Sprinkler requirement. All exhaust ducts shall be internally sprinklered when all of the following conditions apply: 1. When the largest cross -sectional diameter is equal to or greater than 10 inches. 2. The ducts are within the building. 3. The ducts are conveying gases or vapors in a flammable range. Combustible nonmetallic ducts whose largest cross -sectional diameter is equal to or greater than 10 inches shall be internally sprinklered. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Ducts listed for nonsprinklered applications. 2. Ducts not more than 12 feet in length installed below ceiling level. 3. Ventilation power and controls —emergency power. The exhaust ventila- tion system shall have an emergency source of power. The emergency power shall be designed and installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. The emergency power may operate the exhaust system at not less than half fan speed when it is demonstrated that the level of exhaust will maintain a safe atmosphere. (d) Fire -protection Requirements. Sprinkler coverage of the horizontal sur- face at any work station shall not be obstructed. There shall be a sprinkler head installed within the exhaust duct connection of work stations of combustible construction. The head shall be located not more than 4 feet from the point of duct connection to the work station. The head and connecting piping to the duct shall be coated with approved materials to prevent corrosion, when necessary. The head shall be accessible for periodic inspection. The design of the sprinkler system in the area shall take into consideration the spray pattern and the effect on the equipment. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Approved alternate fire -extinguishing systems may be used. Activation of such systems shall deactivate the related processing equipment. 2. Process equipment which operates at temperatures exceeding 500°C. and which is provided with automatic shutdown capabilities for HPM. 3. Exhaust ducts from flammable gas storage cabinets that are part of a work station. (e) Electrical Requirements. Electrical equipment and devices within 5 feet of work stations in which flammable liquids or,gases are used shall comply with the requirements of the Electrical Code for Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations. Work stations shall not be energized without adequate exhaust ventilation. EXCEPTION: The requirements for Class I, Division 2 locations shall not apply when the air removal from the work station or dilution will provide nonflammable atmospheres on a continuous basis. (f) Special Provisions. 1. Chemical drainage and containment. Each work station utilizing hazardous production material liquids shall have: A. Drainage piping systems connected to a compatible system for disposition of said liquids. B. The work surface provided with slope or other means for directing any spilled materials to the containment or drainage system. 145 51.106-51.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE C. An approved means of containing or directing any spilled or leaked liquids to the drainage system. 2. Identification. All systems utilized in hazardous materials supply and drainage shall be identified. Labels shall be affixed so as to be conspicuously visible at all times. 3. Shutoff valves. Readily accessible shutoff valves for HPM supply piping shall be provided at the work station and as provided in Section 51.108 (d), Item No. 1. 4. Protection of containers from damage. All hazardous material containers located in or connected to a work station shall be protected from damage and shall not project from the work station. 5. Work station clearances. Work stations involving hazardous material shall be provided with horizontal servicing clearances of not less than 3 feet for electrical equipment, gas cylinder connections and similar hazardous conditions. These clearances apply only to normal operational procedures and not to repair or maintenance -related work. Storage and Dispensing of Hazardous Production Materials Within Fabrication Areas Sec. 51.107. (a) General. The storage of HPM liquids, gases and solids shall be within fully enclosed storage cabinets or within a work station. See Section 79.201 (g) 4. Separate cabinets shall be provided for each class of hazardous material. Flammables, acids, bases, oxidizers, toxics and other incompatible materials shall not be stored within the same cabinet. Inert materials may be intermingled with other materials. (b) Cabinet Construction. Storage cabinets shall be of approved construction and if metal shall be of not less than 0.0478-inch (18 gage) steel. Doors to cabinets shall be self -closing and latching. There shall be no openings between a cabinet and an exit corridor. EXCEPTION: Self -closing doors having a fire -protection rating of not less than one hour may be installed between a cabinet and an existing exit corridor, provided the cabinet is fully enclosed with wall protection as required for the exit corridor. Such enclosure shall be internally sprinklered. Electrical equipment and devices within cabinets used for the storage of hazardous gases or liquids shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Electrical Code. (c) Special Requirements for HPM Gases. 1. General. In addition to other requirements of this section, cabinets used for the containment of HPM gases shall comply with this subsection. Storage cabinets containing HPM gases shall be internally sprinklered. EXCEPTION: Sprinklers shall not be required in gas cabinets that are located within an HPM storage room other than those used to contain pyrophoric gases. Self -closing limited -access ports shall be installed on gas cabinets to give access to equipment controls. 146 1985 EDITION 51.107-51.108 2. Gas detection. Storage cabinets for hazardous gases shall be provided with a continuous gas -monitoring system in accordance with Section 51.105 (e) 3 whether dispensing occurs or not. Activation of the monitoring system shall automatically shut the valves on all HPM gas lines from the cabinets and initiate an alarm to the emergency control system. 3. Ventilation. Storage cabinets shall be ventilated. When the cabinet contains toxic gases, the average velocity of ventilation at the face of access ports shall be not less than 200 feet per minute (fpm) with a minimum of 150 fpm at any point of the access port. Gas storage cabinets shall be operated at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. The storage cabinet ventilation system shall comply with Section 51.106 (c) 2 and 3 and may be connected to a work station ventilation system. 4. Excess flow control. Excess flow control valves shall be installed when required by Section 51.105 (e) 1. Handling of Hazardous Production Materials Within Exit Corridors Sec. 51.108. (a) New Buildings. In new buildings, hazardous production materials shall not be permitted within an exit corridor. (b) In Existing Buildings. When there are alterations or modifications to existing fabrication areas, the chief may permit the transportation of hazardous production materials in exit corridors that comply with Chapter 9 of the Building Code, subject to all of the following subsections. 1. Containers. All containers, tanks, drums or other means of transporting the materials shall be an approved type. Liquids in quantities not exceeding 5 gallons may be transported in individual original containers of that size. When more than two such containers are trans- ported within a corridor, they shall be in an approved cart. Glass containers shall not be used except where contamination is a factor. Glass containers shall not exceed 1 gallon in size. 2. Carts and trucks. Transporting carts and trucks of an approved design that complies with Subsection (c) of this section shall be used for transportation of HPM. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Two HPM liquid containers each not exceeding 5 gallons may be hand carried in acceptable safety carriers. Single drums not exceeding 55 gallons may be transported by suitable drum trucks. 2. Cylinders of HPM gases may be transported by acceptable gas cylinder hand trucks. Cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds may be hand carried. 3. Solid HPM not exceeding 100 pounds may be transported by acceptable hand trucks. A single container not exceeding 50 pounds may be hand carried. HPM gas cylinders in transit shall have their valves capped or plugged with an approved closure device in addition to having their protective cylinder caps in place. Cylinders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually restrained. HPM shall not be dispensed in exit corridors nor shall carts or trucks be stored unattended while they are within exit corridors. 147 51.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3. Emergency alarm. There shall be an emergency telephone system or a local alarm manual pull station or an approved signaling device at not more than 150- foot intervals or fraction thereof and at each exit stair doorway. The signal shall be relayed to the emergency control station and a local signaling device shall be provided. 4. Sprinklers. Sprinkler protection shall be designed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 as designed for Ordinary Hazard Group 3. When the design area of the sprinkler system consists of one row of sprinklers in the corridor, the maximum number of sprinklers that need be calculated is 13. (c) Cart and Truck Design. 1. General. Carts and trucks shall be designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restraining containers against accidental dislodgement. Carts and trucks shall be provided with a device which will enable the operator to safely control movement by providing stops or speed reduction devices. Power carts and trucks shall be approved for Class I, Division 1 or Class 1, Division 2 hazardous locations. Internal combustion engines shall not be used. 2. Liquid transporters. Construction materials for HPM carts or trucks utilized for HPM flammable or combustible liquids shall be not less than 0.0478- inch (18 gage) steel or approved materials having a Class I flame -spread rating. EXCEPTION: Materials utilized for casters, gaskets, trim and drains. HPM liquid carts and trucks shall be designed so that the contents to be transported will be fully enclosed. They shall be capable of containing a spill from the largest single container transported with a maximum individual container size of 5 gallons. 3. Size. Neither the length nor width of a cart shall exceed 48 inches nor one- half the width of existing exit corridors, whichever is more restrictive. The capacity of carts and trucks used for transportation of HPM shall not exceed: liquids-55 gallons, gases-7 'cylinders (up to 400 pounds each), solids-500 pounds. 4. Identification. Carts and trucks shall bear a marking indicating the contents therein. Noncompatible materials shall not be transported on the same cart or truck. (d) Piping. When the hazardous production material is transported in piping placed within the space defined by the walls of the exit corridor and the floor or roof above the exit corridor, all the following requirements shall apply: 1. Shutoff valves. Readily accessible manual or automatic remotely activated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be provided as follows: A. At the entry of the piping system into the exit corridor. B. At the branch piping connection into the fab area. The valves shall be identified and the location shall be clearly visible. 2. Excess flow control. Excess flow control shall be provided as set forth in Section 51.105 (e) 1. 3. Gas detection. Gas detectors shall be installed as set forth in Section 51.105 (e) 3. 148 1985 EDITION 51.108-51.110 4. Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment located in the piping space shall be approved for Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations. Handling of Hazardous Production Materials Within Service Corridors Sec. 51.109. (a) Transportation Criteria. A service corridor shall be pro- vided when necessary to transport HPM to and from an HPM storage room, or from the outside of the building, to the perimeter wall of the fabrication area. It shall not be used as a required exit corridor. Service corridors used for the transport of HPM shall meet the following requirements: 1. All containers shall comply with Section 51.109 (b) 1. 2. The minimum clear width of the service corridor shall be 5 feet. EXCEPTION: When carts or trucks are used, the minimum width shall be 33 inches wider than the widest cart or truck. 3. The maximum quantities of HPM that may be transported in a service corridor at one time may be two times that set forth in Section 51.108 (c). 4. There shall be a local manual alarm station or other approved signal device in the service corridor. See Section 51.108 (b) 3. Additional alarm devices may be required by the inspection authority. 5. Sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with Section 51.108 (b) 4. (b) Prohibited Procedures. HPM shall not be dispensed in a service corridor. (c) Construction Requirements. See Building Code. (d) Exits. See Building Code. (e) Piping. See Section 51.105 (e). Storage of Hazardous Production Materials Sec. 51.110. (a) Outside Storage. 1. General. General storage of hazardous production materials outside the building shall comply with the separation, construction and fire safety requirements of the Building Code and this code. 2. Shutoffs in piping from outside storage. All HPM gaseous supply piping from the outside storage shall be provided with excess flow control in accordance with Section 51.105 (e) 1. A manual emergency shutoff valve located outside the building shall be installed on each HPM supply pipe from outside storage. The valve shall be identified, readily accessible, and its location clearly visible. 3. Special provisions. Outside storage of HPM shall be safeguarded from public access. See Section 80.103. (b) Storage of Hazardous Production Materials Within Buildings. 1. Con- struction. Storage of HPM in excess of the quantities in Table No. 9-A of the Building Code shall be in a room complying with the requirements of the Building Code for an inside liquid room or in an HPM storage room. Such HPM storage room shall not exceed 6000 square feet in area and shall be separated from all other areas by not less than a two-hour occupancy separation when the area exceeds 300 square feet. The occupancy separation shall be not less than one -hour fire -resistive construction when the area does not exceed 300 square feet. Except 149 51.110 UNIFORM FIRE CODE for approved combustible surfacing, floors of storage rooms shall be noncombus- tible with liquid -tight construction. See Section 911 (e) of the Building Code. When HPM storage rooms are used for dispensing of Class I or II flammable hazardous production material liquids or gases, the area of the HPM storage room shall not exceed 1000 square feet. 2. Location within building. The HPM storage room shall be located on the outer perimeter of the building and its exterior wall shall be a minimum of 30 feet from the property line. Explosion venting shall be provided when an explosive environment can occur. 3. Separation requirements within storage rooms. Flammables, corrosives, oxidizers, water-reactives, solids and liquids within a storage room shall be separated from each other in accordance with Table No. 51.110-A. When Table No. 51.110-A permits a noncombustible partition between classes of HPM, the classes may be in the same room. Water -reactive HPM shall be in separate rooms from flammable or combustible liquids. The separation may be nonfire-rated. Toxics shall be separated as set forth in Table No. 51.110-A with an occupancy separation having a fire -resistive rating of not less than one hour. HPM gas shall be separated from HPM liquids and solids by at least a one -hour fire -resistive occupancy separation. See Table No. 51.110-A for classes of gases required to be separated. 4. Determining quantities in HPM storage room. The quantity of hazardous production material within each HPM storage room shall not exceed the amounts permitted by this code. For HPM oxidizers, see Tables Nos. 51.110-B through 51.110-E. Highly toxic liquids shall be counted as flammable liquids. Corrosive liquids shall be counted as Class 3 flammable liquids. Highly toxic solids shall be counted as flammable solids. The quantities of hazardous production material gases shall not exceed the following: Oxidizers 20,000 cubic feet Corrosives 30,000 cubic feet Flammables 15,000 cubic feet Toxics Toxic gas quantities shall be count- ed as flammable gases 5. Ventilation requirements. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 51.105 (d) 1. 6. Emergency alarm. A local fire alarm manual pull station or approved signal device shall be installed outside of each interior exit door with a signal relayed to the emergency control station and a local alarm provided. 7. Special provisions. A. Drainage. All HPM storage rooms for hazardous production material liquids shall have drainage facilities that comply with the requirements of Section 79.804, Item No. 7, of this code. Hazardous production material flammable liquid drains shall be separated from other hazardous produc- 150 1985 EDITION 51.110, 51.110-A tion material liquid drains. Other hazardous production material liquids in drains that are not compatible shall be separated from each other, provided that they may be combined when they have been rendered acceptable for discharge by an approved means into the public sewers. B. Sills. Liquid HPM storage rooms and subdivisions therein shall have liquid - tight wall -to -floor intersections and noncombustible sills at least 4 inches in height at all door openings. An open -grated noncombustible trench on the inside of the room, extending at least 1 foot past the edge of the door opening, may be used in lieu of a sill. The trench shall connect to an approved drain in accordance with Subsection A above. C. Gas detection. Gas detection systems shall be provided as set forth in Section 51.105 (e) 3. 8. Electrical requirements. Electrical wiring and equipment located in HPM storage rooms shall be approved for Class I, Division 1 hazardous locations, in addition to any other requirements of the Electrical Code. EXCEPTION: When separate storage rooms are used, the storage rooms with- out flammable liquids or gases need not be approved for Class I, Division 1 hazardous locations. 9. Special hazards. Energy -consuming equipment shall comply with Section 908 of the Building Code and Subsection 8 above. TABLE NO. 51.110-A MATERIAL SEPARATIONt MINIMUM SEPARATION FROM FLAW OXI- WATER- PYRO- TOXICS ACIDS BASES MABLES DIZERS REACTIVE PHORIC Toxics 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. Acids 1 hr. S S2 S S S2 Bases 1 hr. S S S S S Flammables 1 hr. S2 S S * S Oxidizers 1 hr. S S S S S2 Water -reactive 1 hr. S S * S S Pyrophoric 1 hr. S2 S S S2 S For separation of hazardous production material gases from hazardous production liquids and solids, see Section 5 1. 110 (b) 3. 2Separation by not less than 20 feet may be used as alternative to noncombustible partition. Notes: S = Noncombustible partition. the partition shall extend not less than 18 inches above and to front and rear of stored material. 1 hr = One -hour noncumbustible fire -resistive occupancy separation, except when approved gas cabinets are used. * = Not allowed; a separate storage room is required. 151 51.110-B, 51.110-C, 51.110-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO. 51.110-B STORAGE OF CLASS 1 OXIDIZERS IN COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERS1 COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERS2 INSIDE ROOM OR HPM STORAGE ROOM Piles Length (feet) No limit Width (feet) 50 Height (feet) 20 Distance to next pile (feet) 3 Distance to walls (feet) 2 Quantity limit per building (tons) i No limit ]Class 1 oxidizers are materials whose primary hazard is that they may increase the burning rate of combustible material with which they come in contact. zClass 1 oxidizers in storage in noncombustible containers or in bulk in noncombustible buildings are not limited as to quantity or size of piles. TABLE NO.51.110-C STORAGE OF CLASS 2 OXIDIZERS IN CONTAINERS' INSIDE STORAGE ROOM HPM STORAGE ROOM Building limit (tons) 200 2,000 Pile limit (tons) 20 100 Height limit (feet) 10 12 Distance to next pile (feet) Footnote 2 Footnote 2 Distance to incompatible storage (feet) 12 — Distance to wall (feet) 2 2 'Class 2 oxidizers are materials that can cause spontaneous ignition when in contact with combustible materials. zAisle width to equal pile height. TABLE NO. 51.110-D STORAGE OF CLASS 3 OXIDIZERS IN CONTAINERS1 INSIDE STORAGE ROOM HPM STORAGE ROOM Building limit (tons) 100 1,200 Pile limit (tons) 20 60 Height limit (feet) 8 10 Distance to next pile (feet) Footnote 2 Footnote 2 Distance to incompatible storage (feet) 10 Not applicable Distance to wall (feet) 4 4 'Class 3 oxidizers are materials that can undergo vigorous self -sustained decomposition when catalyzed or exposed to heat. zAisle width to equal pile height. 152 1985 EDITION 51.110-E, 51.111 TABLE NO. 51.110-E STORAGE OF CLASS 4 OXIDIZERS IN DRUMS, CONTAINERS AND CASESI Piles Length (feet) 10 Width (feet) 4 Height (feet) 8 Distance to next pile (feet) 8 Quantity limit per building (tons) No limit 'Class 4 oxidizers are materials that can undergo an explosive reaction when catalyzed or exposed to heat, shock or friction. Emergency Plan Sec. 51.111. (a) Plans and Diagrams. Plans and diagrams shall be maintained in approved locations indicating the approximate plan for each area, the amount and type of HPM stored, handled and used, locations of shutoff valves for HPM supply piping, emergency telephone locations and locations of exits. (b) Plan Updating. Plans and diagrams shall be maintained up-to-date and the fire department shall be informed of all major changes. (c) Emergency Response Team. Responsible persons shall be designated the on -site emergency response team and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergen- cy responses, identifying locations where HPM is stored, handled and used, and be familiar with the chemical nature of such material. An adequate number of personnel for each work shift shall be designated. (d) Emergency Drills. Emergency drills of the on -site emergency response team shall be conducted on a regular basis but not less than once every three months. Records of drills conducted shall be maintained. 153 61.101-61.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE PART VI SPECIAL EQUIPMENT ARTICLE 61 OIL -BURNING EQUIPMENT Scope Sec. 61.101. This article applies to oil -burning equipment except internal combustion engines, oil lamps and portable devices such as blow torches, melting pots and weed burners. Use of Approved Equipment Sec. 61.102.Oil-burning equipment shall be of an approved type. Design, Construction and Installation Sec. 61.103. The design, construction and installation of oil -burning equip- ment shall be in accordance with the Mechanical Code. Electrical Wiring and Equipment Sec. 61.104. Electrical wiring and equipment used in connection with oil - burning equipment shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the Electrical Code. Fuel Oil Sec. 61.105. The fuel oil used in a burner shall be that for which the burner is approved and as stipulated by the manufacturer. Portable Unvented Oil -burning Heating Appliances Sec. 61.106. (a) General. The design, construction and use of portable unvented oil -burning heating appliances shall comply with the provisions of this section and all applicable provisions of this code. (b) Approved Equipment. All portable unvented oil -burning heating appliances shall be listed and limited to a fuel tank capacity of not more than 2 gallons. EXCEPTION: Appliances approved for temporary use during construction pro- cesses may have a greater fuel tank capacity, provided such capacity does not exceed the terms of the listing of the appliance. (c) Where Permitted. The use of listed portable unvented oil -burning heating appliances shall be limited to supplemental heating in Groups B; R, Division 3; and M Occupancies EXCEPTION: Upon approval of the chief, portable unvented oil-buming heat- ing appliances may be permitted in any occupancy during the construction process when such use is necessary for the construction and the use does not represent a hazard to life or property. (d) Fuel. The grade and type of fuel shall be limited to that for which the appliance is listed to operate. All storage and handling of fuel shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 79 of this code. 154 1985 EDITION 62.101-62.103 ARTICLE 62 INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING OVENS Scope Sec. 62.101.This article shall apply to the location, construction and operation of industrial baking and drying ovens which are heated with oil or gas fuel or which during operation contain flammable vapors from the products being baked or dried. It is the intent of this article to provide requirements for the operation of these ovens within certain limitations of control depending on oven design, paint formulation and ventilation requirements, the disregard of which may cause them to function in an unsafe manner, thereby becoming liable to destruction by fire or explosion. In addition to the requirements of this article, all industrial baking and drying ovens shall comply with the applicable provisions of U.F.C. Standard No. 62-1. Permits and Plans Required Sec. 62.102. (a) For a permit to operate an oven to which this code applies, see Section 4.101. (b) Application for a permit shall be accompanied by plans showing all essential details and calculations for safe operation. Location and Construction Z Sec. 62.103. (a) Ovens, oven heaters and related equipment shall be located with due regard to the possibility of fire resulting from overheating or from the m escape of fuel gas or fuel oil and the possibility of damage to the building and injury to persons resulting from explosion. (b) Ovens shall be located at or above grade, or, if in basements, at least 50 percent of the wall area of the room in which the oven is located shall be above a grade. _ (c) Ovens shall be so located as to be readily accessible for inspection and o maintenance and with adequate clearances to permit the proper functioning of explosion vents. Roofs and floors of ovens shall be sufficiently insulated and ventilated to keep temperatures at combustible ceilings and floors below 160°F. (d) Ovens shall be constructed of noncombustible materials throughout except where the maximum oven -operating temperature is not over 160°F. The amount of insulation used in oven panel construction shall be enough to prevent the outside surface temperature from exceeding 160T , or adequate guards shall be provided to protect personnel. (e) Ovens which may contain flammable air -gas mixtures shall be equipped with relief vents for freely relieving internal explosion pressures. (f) All duct work shall be constructed of noncombustible material. Ducts shall be made tight throughout and shall have no openings other than those required for the proper operation and maintenance of the system. Ducts passing through combustible walls, floors or roofs shall have adequate insulation and clearances to prevent surface temperatures from exceeding 160°F. Exhaust ducts shall not 155 62.103-62.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE discharge near doors, windows or other air intakes in a manner that will permit reentry of vapors into the building. Ventilation Sec. 62.104. (a) Ovens in which flammable or toxic vapors are liberated or through which products of combustion are circulated shall be ventilated by the introduction of a supply of fresh air and proper exhaust to outdoors. Discharge pipes shall not terminate within 10 feet measured horizontally from any door, window or wood frame walls of any building. Such oven ventilation shall be arranged to provide vigorous and well -distributed air circulation within the oven and to ensure that the flammable vapor concentration will be safely below the lower explosive limit at all times. Unless the oven is operated in accordance with specific approval specifying particular solvents and rate of ventilation, the rate of ventilation shall be not less than 10,000 cubic feet of fresh air per gallon of solvent evaporated in continuous process ovens and not less than 380 cubic feet per minute per gallon of flammable solvent evaporated in batch process ovens. (b) Exhaust duct openings shall be located in the area of greatest concentration of vapors. (c) All exhaust shall be by mechanical means using power -driven fans. Safety Controls Sec. 62.105. (a) Safety controls, as specified in U.F.C. Standard No. 62-1, shall be sufficient in number and substantially constructed and arranged to maintain the required conditions of safety and prevent the development of fire and explosion hazards. (b) Ventilation controls, suitably interlocked, shall be provided which will ensure required ventilation of the system. (c) Fuel safety controls, suitably interlocked and arranged to minimize the possibility of dangerous accumulations of explosive air -fuel mixtures in the heating system, shall be provided. (d) Excess temperature controls shall be provided to maintain a safe operating temperature within the oven. (e) Conveyor interlocks shall be provided in conveyor ovens having a flam- mable vapor hazard, so that the conveyor cannot move unless ventilating fans are operating and discharging the required amount of air. 156 1985 EDITION ARTICLE 63 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION 63.101-63.102 Scope Sec. 63.101. This article applies only to those refrigeration units or systems described herein which require a permit. Classifications Sec. 63.102. Classification of some of the most common refrigerants: (a) Group 1 (1) Carbon Dioxide(R-744) (2) Monochlorodifluoromethane (R-22) (3) Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) (R-500) (4) Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) (5) Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114) (6) Thchlorofluoromethane (R-11) (7) Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) (R-30) (8) Trifluorotrichloroethane (R-113) (9) Chlorotrifluoromethane (R-13) (10) Bromotrifluoromethane (R-13 B1) (11) Tetrafluoromethane (R-14) (12) Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) (R-502) (13) Chloropentafluoroethane (R-115) (14) Octafluorocyclobutane(R-C 318) (b) Group 2 (1) Ammonia (R-717) (2) Dichloroethylene (R-1130) (3) Methylchloride (R-40) (4) Methyl Formate (R-611) (5) Sulfur Dioxide (R-764) i C (c) Group 3 (1) Butane (R-764) (2) Ethane (R-170) (3) Propane (R-290) (4) Ethylene (R- 1150) (5) Isobutane (R-601) This listing of refrigerants includes those most commonly used. Additional refrigerant information may be obtained from the National Fire Protection Asso- ciation and the American National Standards Institute. This article does not address the subject of toxicity of refrigerants. 157 63.103-63.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Permits Sec. 63.103. For a permit to install or operate a mechanical refrigeration unit or system, see Section 4.101. Installation and Maintenance Sec. 63.104. All new mechanical refrigeration systems shall be installed and all existing installations shall be maintained in a safe manner which will minimize the life, health and fire hazard of the installation. Installation shall be in accor- dance with the provisions of the Mechanical Code, as applicable. All refrigeration systems, new or existing, shall be safely maintained in an operative condition, free from accumulations of oil, dirt, waste, excessive corro- sion, any other debris or leaks. Access Sec. 63.105. Refrigeration systems shall be easily accessible at all times. Instructions Sec. 63.106. The person in charge of any premises on which a refrigeration unit or system is installed requiring a permit as described in Section 4.101 shall provide in an approved manner a card designating: 1. Instructions for suspending operation of the system in the event of an emergency. 2. The name, address and emergency telephone numbers to obtain emergen- cy service. 3. The name, address and telephone number of the fire department having jurisdiction with instructions to notify that fire department in the event of an emergency. 4. The location and the operation of the emergency diffusion system when required by this article. Emergency Signs and Labels Sec. 63.107. The person in charge of any premises on which a refrigeration unit or system is installed requiring a permit by Section 4.101 shall provide in an approved manner emergency signs and labels as described in the Uniform Mechanical Code. Diffusion Systems Sec. 63.108. (a) Emergency Ammonia Diffusion Systems. 1. General. Ammonia refrigeration systems shall be provided with an approved system for promptly and safely removing the ammonia refrigerant in the event of an emer- gency. Such emergency systems shall discharge into an approved water storage tank, water basin or diffuser having a capacity of 2 gallons of water for each pound of ammonia. 2. Tanks and basins. Storage tanks and basins shall meet the requirements set forth by the fire chief. 3. Water supply and discharge system. Diffusers shall be provided with the following approved components: 158 1985 EDITION 63.108 (i) Connection to a permanent water supply. (ii) A fire department inlet hose connection adjacent to the control box. (iii) Engineered mixing chamber. (iv) Connection to a permanent sewer or drainage system by means of welded or flanged fittings. (v) Necessary control valves, check valves, fittings. 4. Discharge line. Diffusers shall be provided with a discharge line above the liquid refrigerant level on all operating pressure levels of the system. These discharge lines shall have a cross -sectional area of not less than the total cross - sectional area of the high pressure receiver emergency pressure -relief device but not less than I -inch -diameter pipe. There shall not be any shutoff devices of any type in the discharge line between the vessel being relieved and the control box. 5. Control valves. Control valves for diffusers shall be housed within an emergency refrigerant control box. (i) Each such control box shall be located outside of the building on a street front or shall be equally accessible and shall be not more than 6 feet above the sidewalk or adjoining ground level. All valves shall be adequately identified as to the procedure to be followed sequentially in the event of an emergency. (ii) Each such control box shall be of iron or steel not less than 0.0598-inch thickness and provided with a hinged cover and lock. (iii) Each such control box shall be provided with a permanent label on the outside cover reading FIRE DEPARTMENT —EMERGENCY REFRIGERANT CONTROL BOX and the name of the refrigerant in the system. (iv) Emergency switches for deactivation of the system compressors shall be provided within the emergency control box. 6. Size of receiving system. The discharge of the diffusion system shall not exceed the capacity of the receiving system. 7. Testing. Every diffusion system shall be tested, as required by the fire chief, prior to being accepted. 8. Notification of activation. The chief shall be notified immediately if the activation of an ammonia diffusion system is considered imminent or if the system activation has occurred, either automatically or manually. 9. Approval. Every emergency ammonia diffusion system shall be approved by the fire chief. (b) Other Types. Diffusion systems for other type refrigerants shall be installed when deemed necessary by the fire chief. 159 74.101-74.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE PART VII SPECIAL SUBJECTS ARTICLE 74 COMPRESSED GASES Division I GENERAL PROVISIONS Scope Sec. 74.101. This division applies to oxygen systems and to the storage, handling and use of compressed gases. Liquefied petroleum gases which are covered in Article 82 are exempt from these provisions. See Articles 49, 75 and 80 for related provisions. Wherever the term "oxygen" occurs in this article, the requirements shall also apply to systems for nitrous oxide. Definitions Sec. 74.102. For definitions of BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM and COM- PRESSED GAS, see Article 9. Permits Sec. 74.103. For a permit to store, handle or use flammable compressed gas or nonflammable compressed gas, see Section 4.101. Storage Containers Sec. 74.104. Cylinders shall be designed, constructed, tested and maintained in accordance with U. S. Department of Transportation (DOT) specifications and regulations. Other type pressure vessels and cylinders shall be designed, con- structed, tested and maintained in accordance with nationally recognized good practice. Each cylinder, pressure vessel or group of containers shall be marked with the name of the gas contained in accordance with nationally recognized good practice. Cylinder Systems for Compressed Gases Sec. 74.105. Cylinders containing flammable and nonflammable gases shall be stored, handled and used in accordance with nationally recognized good practice. Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites Sec. 74.106. Bulk oxygen systems located at industrial and institutional 160 1985 EDITION 74.106-74.204 consumer sites shall be installed in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 74-1. Storage and Use of Cylinders Sec. 74.107. (a) General. All compressed gas cylinders in service or in storage shall be adequately secured to prevent falling or being knocked over. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Compressed gas cylinders in the process of examination, servicing and refilling are exempt from this section. 2. Medical gas cylinders may be stored and used in the horizontal position in accordance with nationally recognized standards. At cylinder filling plant operations and sellers' warehouses, the nesting of tightly stacked cylinders is considered an equivalent safe method of storage. (b) Nitrous Oxide. Nitrous oxide cylinders shall be stored in a secured area. General Safety Regulations Sec. 74.108. Legible operating instructions shall be maintained at the operat- ing location for any installation that requires any operation of equipment by user. Smoking shall be prohibited in or around supply system enclosures. "NO SMOKING —OXYGEN" or similar warning signs shall be posted in the enclosure. Division II MEDICAL Scope See. 74.201. This division shall apply to flammable anesthetic and nonflam- mable medical gases at hospitals or similar facilities and to fixed installations of nonflammable medical gases intended for sedation wherein the patient is not rendered unconscious, such as, but not limited to, analgesia systems used for dentistry, podiatry, veterinary and such other similar uses. Definitions Sec. 74.202. For definitions of CENTRAL SUPPLY, D.I.S.S. DIAMETER - INDEX SAFETY SYSTEM, FLAMMABLE ANESTHETIC, NONFLAMMA- BLE MEDICAL GAS and PIPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, see Article 9. Cylinder Storage, Handling and Use Sec. 74.203. Cylinders containing flammable anesthetics and nonflammable medical gases in facilities within the scope of this division shall be stored, handled and used in accordance with nationally recognized good practice. Nonflammable Medical Gas System Sec. 74.204. (a) Location. It is the intent of this section to locate the supply system in a secure room or enclosure with no communicating openings to the 161 74.204 UNIFORM FIRE CODE interior of the building other than the nonflammable gas supply lines. Supply cylinders shall be kept or stored outdoors within a secure enclosure. When outdoor storage is not practical, they shall be enclosed in a separate room or enclosure of not less than one -hour fire -resistive construction. Every door open- ing into such enclosures shall be protected by a tight -fitting smoke- and draft - control door assembly having a fire -protection rating of not less than 20 minutes. The door and frames shall bear an approved label or other identification showing the rating thereof. Doors shall be maintained self -closing. Venting shall be a minimum of six air changes per hour. There shall be not less than two vents, each not less then 36 square inches in area so located that one required vent will be located within 6 inches of the floor and the other vent within 6 inches of the ceiling. Enclosures shall be located away from exits. (b) Use Within and Security of Enclosures. Rooms or enclosures for storage or use of nonflammable medical gases shall not be used for the storage of any other materials. No electrical or gas apparatus other than an approved heating device to keep the enclosure warm so the gases will flow shall be permitted therein. Enclosures of supply systems shall be provided with doors or gates. Locking devices shall conform to Section 3304 (c) of the Building Code. (c) Heating and Electrical Equipment in Enclosures. When enclosures (interior or exterior) for supply systems are located near sources of heat, such as furnaces, incinerators or boiler rooms, they shall be of construction so as to protect cylinders from reaching temperatures exceeding 125°F. Open electrical conductors and transformers shall not be located within 20 feet of openings of enclosures. Such enclosures shall not be located within 25 feet of oil storage tanks. Ordinary electrical wall fixtures in supply rooms shall be installed in fixed locations not less than 5 feet above the floor to avoid physical damage. (d) Manifolds. Manifolds shall be of substantial construction and of a design and material suitable for the service pressure involved. Mechanical means shall be provided to assure the connection of cylinders containing the proper gas to the manifold. Cylinder outlets shall comply with nationally recognized standards. (e) Hose and Fittings. All flexible hose and D.I.S.S. fittings used to connect the pressure regulator to the fixed piping on the low-pressure side and also used to connect the dispensing unit to the outlet stations shall be of a type approved by the fire chief; the hose and fittings shall have a bursting pressure of not less than four times the maximum working pressure. The hose shall be a maximum length of 5 feet and shall not penetrate walls, floors, etc. (f) Connections to Regulators, Manifold or Piping. Threaded connections between the regulator and either the low-pressure manifold or piping system shall be noninterchangeable connections complying with nationally recognized standards. (g) Sizing of Piping. The pipeline system shall be capable of delivering a minimum of 50 psig to all outlets at the maximum flow rate. (h) Pressure Regulators. Pressure -regulating equipment capable of maintain- ing the minimum flow rate of the pipeline system shall be installed on each 162 1985 EDITION 74.204 cylinder upstream of the final pressure -relief valve as shown in Figure No. 1. EXCEPTION: Systems using approved manifold -type installations. (i) Check Valves. When acting as a reserve supply, a check valve shall be installed between each cylinder lead and the manifold header as shown in Figure No. 2, or the system shall be supplied with an actuating switch which shall operate an alarm when the reserve supply drops to one -day supply. 0) Shutoff Valves. A shutoff valve or check valve shall be installed down- stream of each pressure regulator as shown in Figures Nos. 2 and 3. (k) Pressure -relief Valves. A pressure -relief valve set at 50 percent above normal pipeline pressure shall be installed in the main line downstream of the pressure -regulating valve as shown in Figures Nos. 1 and 4. All pressure -relief valves shall close automatically when excess pressure has been released. Piping relief valves shall be vented to the outside or a safe area. Pressure -relief valves shall be of brass or bronze and especially designed for oxygen service. Vent to Safe Location Pressure -relief Valve To Process Manifold Header r- `Check Valve Pressure Regulator \ Pressure 1 Regulator FIGURE NO.1 163 74.204 Vent to Safe Location *-- Pressure -relief Valve UNIFORM FIRE CODE Manifold Header To Process J40 ® Shutoff Valves 1 N Check Valve From Cylinder FIGURE NO.2 Vent to Safe Location Pressure -relief Valve (Manifold Header To Process =_-___ u u� t Check Valve From Cylinder FIGURE NO.3 164 1985 EDITION 74.204-74.205 Vent to Safe Location To Process CheckValveValve Pressure -relief Valve Cylinder Connection FIGURE NO.4 Pipe Distribution Sec. 74.205. (a) General. Pipelines shall be constructed of materials in accordance with nationally recognized standards. Soft -temper copper tubing used as pipeline shall be continuously supported in exposed locations. Pipe sizes shall be in conformity with good engineering practice for proper delivery of maximum volume specified. Gas piping shall not be supported by other piping but shall be supported with pipe hooks, metal pipe straps, bands or hangers suitable for the size of pipe and of proper strength and quality at proper intervals so that piping cannot be moved accidentally from the installed position, as follows: '/4-inch pipe or tubing 6 feet 3/s-inch pipe or tubing 6 feet %2-inch pipe or tubing 6 feet 3/s-inch or 1-inch pipe or tubing 8 feet 1'/4-inch or larger (horizontal) 10 feet 1'/4-inch or larger (vertical) Every floor level (b) Copper and Brass Fittings. All fittings for connecting copper tubing shall be wrought -copper, brass or bronze fittings made especially for solder or brazed connection, except as provided in the paragraph below. Brass pipe shall be assembled with screw -type brass fittings or with bronze or copper brazing -type fittings. Approved gas -tubing fittings may be used on gas -distribution lines when pipe sizes are 1/2-inch nominal or less if the fitting is so installed as to be visible in the 165 74.205 UNIFORM FIRE CODE room. Such fittings also may be used in connecting copper tubing of 3/4-inch nominal or less to shutoff valves described in Section 74.206, provided the fittings are readily accessible. (c) Installation Underground and in Tunnels or Ducts. Buried piping shall be protected against frost, corrosion and physical damage. Ducts or casings shall be used whenever buried piping traverses a roadway, driveway, parking lot or other areas subject to surface loads. Oxygen -gas piping may be placed in the same tunnel, trench or duct with fuel -gas piping, electrical lines or steam lines, if separated, provided there is natural or forced ventilation. Oxygen -gas piping shall not be placed in a tunnel, trench or duct where exposure to oil may occur. (d) Installation in Partitions or Concealed Spaces. Oxygen pipelines installed in combustible partitions shall be protected against physical damage by installation within pipe or conduit. Openings for pipelines installed in concealed spaces shall be fire -stopped with construction having a fire resistance equal to or greater than the original construction. Oxygen risers may be installed in pipe shafts if suitable protection against physical damage, effects of excessive heat, corrosion or contact with oil is provided. Oxygen risers shall not be located in elevator shafts. (e) Installation in Rooms. Oxygen pipelines installed in storage rooms for combustible materials, kitchens, laundries or other hazardous areas shall be protected by an enclosure that will prevent the liberation of oxygen within the area. (f) Physical Protection. Pipelines exposed to physical damage such as might be sustained from the movement of portable equipment such as carts, stretchers or trucks in corridors and other locations shall be provided with suitable protection. (g) Identification of Piping. The gas content of pipelines shall be readily identifiable by appropriate labeling with the name of the gas contained. Such labeling shall be by means of metal tags, stenciling, stamping or with adhesive markers in a manner that is not readily removable. Labeling shall appear on the pipe at intervals of not more than 20 feet and at least once in each room and each story traversed by the pipeline. The legend shall be applied close to valves and adjacent to changes in direction, branches, and where pipes pass through walls or floors. Where supplementary color identification of piping is used, it shall be in accordance with the gases and color indicated in nationally recognized standards. (h) Use of Piping for Grounding. Piping systems for gases shall not be used as a grounding electrode. (i) Cleaning of Piping. Before erection, all piping, valves and fittings, except those supplied especially prepared for oxygen service by the manufacturer and received sealed on the job, shall be thoroughly cleaned of oil, grease and other readily oxidizable materials by washing in a hot solution of sodium carbonate or trisodium phosphate (proportion of 1 pound to 3 gallons of water). The use of organic solvents, for example, carbon tetrachloride, is prohibited. Scrubbing shall be employed where necessary to ensure complete cleaning. After washing, the material shall be rinsed thoroughly in clean hot water. After cleaning, particu- 166 1965 EDITION 74.205-74.206 lar care shall be exercised in the storage and handling of all pipe and fittings. Pipe and fittings shall be temporarily capped or plugged to prevent recontamination before final assembly. Tools used in cutting or reaming shall be kept free from oil or grease. Where such contamination has occured, the items affected shall be rewashed and rinsed. All cleaned piping, valves and fittings shall be visually inspected prior to installation. 0) Joints and Fittings. All joints in the piping, except those permitted to be approved brass flared -type gas -tubing fittings and those at valves or at equipment requiring screw connections, shall be made with silver brazing alloy or similar high -melting -point (at least 1000'E) brazing metal. Particular care shall be exercized in applying the flux to avoid leaving any excess inside the completed joints. The outside of the tube and fittings shall be cleaned by washing with hot water after assembly. Threaded joints in piping systems shall be tinned or made up with poly- tetrafluourethylene tape or other thread sealants suitable of oxygen service. Sealants shall be applied to male threads only. (k) Purging. After installation of the piping but before installation of the outlet valves, the line shall be blown clear by means of oil -free, dry air or nitrogen. Shutoff Valves Sec. 74.206. (a) Enclosure and Identification. Shutoff valves accessible to other than authorized personnel shall be installed in valve boxes with frangible or removable windows large enough to permit manual operation of valves and labeled as follows: CAUTION —(NAME OF GAS) VALVE. DO NOT CLOSE EXCEPT IN EMERGENCY. THIS VALVE CONTROLS SUPPLY TO .. . (b) Where Required. 1. Main supply. The main oxygen supply line shall be provided with a shutoff valve so located as to be accessible in an emergency. EXCEPTION: When one or two cylinders are used, the cylinder valve will suffice as a shutoff valve. 2. Risers. Each riser supplied from the main line shall be provided with a shutoff valve adjacent to the riser connection. 3. Between risers and outlets. Patient outlet stations shall not be supplied directly from a riser unless a manual shutoff valve located in the same story is installed between the riser and outlet with a corridor wall intervening between the valve and the outlets. This valve shall be readily operable from a standing position in the corridor on the same floor which it serves. Each lateral branch line serving patient rooms shall be provided with a shutoff valve that controls the flow of medical gas to the patient rooms. Branch line shutoff valves shall be so arranged that shutting off the supply of medical gas to one branch will not affect the supply of medical gas to the rest of the system. A pressure gauge shall be provided downstream of each lateral branch line shutoff valve. (c) Anesthetizing System. Anesthetizing locations shall be supplied directly from the riser without intervening valves, except as provided in this section. A shutoff valve shall be located outside or inside each anesthetizing location in 167 74.206-74.208 UNIFORM FIRE CODE each medical gas line, so located as to be readily accessible at all times for use in an emergency. These valves shall be so arranged that shutting off the supply of gas to any one operating room or anesthetizing location will not affect the others. Valves shall be mounted on a pedestal or otherwise properly safeguarded against physical damage and marked to prohibit tampering or inadvertent closing, such as "(NAME OF MEDICAL GAS�—DO NOT CLOSE." EXCEPTION: The shutoff valve may be omitted when service valves for oxy- gen, nitrous oxide and medical compressed air that is located within anesthetizing locations are equipped with piping extending at least 6 feet horizontally to the outlet location. Station Outlets Sec. 74.207. (a) Shutoff. Each station outlet for oxygen shall be equipped with either a manually operated or automatic shutoff valve and shall be legibly labeled with the name of the gas. (b) Connection to Valves. Manually operated valves shall be equipped with noninterchangeable connections in accordance with nationally recognized standards. (c) Quick Couplers. Each station outlet equipped with a female end of an approved quick coupler of the noninterchangeable type for oxygen service, and so identified, shall be provided with an automatic shutoff valve incorporated in such a manner that when the quick -coupler is removed from the pipeline for repair, the flow of oxygen shall be shut off until the female end of the quick -coupler is reattached. EXCEPTION: Oxygen and nitrous oxide couplers and outlet connections shall not be interchangeable. Female ends of the quick -couplers of the noninterchangeable types may be attached to the manually operated male end of the noninterchangeable station shutoff valves for the same gas service. (d) Oxygen Gages and Manometers. Pressure gages and manometers for oxygen, including gages applied temporarily for testing purposes, shall be man- ufactured expressly for that gas and labeled "OXYGEN —USE NO OIL. " Testing of Piping Sec. 74.208. After installation of station outlet valves, each section of the pipeline systems shall be subjected to a test pressure of one and one-half times the maximum working pressure but not less than 150 psig with oil -free, dry air or nitrogen. This test pressure shall be maintained until each joint has been examined for leakage by means of soapy water or other equally effective means of leak detection safe for use with oxygen. A visual inspection of each brazed joint is recommended to make sure that the alloy has flowed completely in and around the joint and that hardened flux has not formed a temporary seal which holds test pressure. Remove all excess flux for clear visual inspection of brazed connections. All leaks shall be repaired and the section retested. 168 1985 EDITION 74.208-74.212 After completing the testing of each individual pipeline, the system shall be subjected to a 24-hour standing pressure test at one and one-half times the maximum working pressure but not less than 150 psig. The test gas shall be oil - free, dry air or nitrogen. After the pipeline systems are filled with test gas, the supply valve and all outlet valves shall be closed and the source of test gas disconnected. The system shall remain leak free for 24 hours. Cross -connection Testing Sec. 74.209. To determine that no cross -connection to other pipeline systems exists, reduce all systems to atmospheric pressure. Disconnect all sources of testing from all of the systems, except the one system to be checked. Pressurize this system with oil -free, dry air or nitrogen to a pressure of 50 psig and with appropriate adaptors matching the outlets of the system to be tested. Determine that the dry air or nitrogen is being dispensed from only the outlets of the system under pressure. Reduce the system being tested to atmospheric pressure and proceed to test each additional system. Purging Sec. 74.210. When all medical gas -piping systems have been tested in accor- dance with Sections 74.208 and 74.209, disconnect the source of the test and connect the proper gas source of supply to each respective system. Following this connection and pressurization, all outlets shall be opened in a progressive order, starting nearest the source and completing the process of purge flushing at the outlet farthest from each outlet until each system is completely purged. Warning Systems Sec. 74.211. Warning systems shall be installed, maintained and tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. Fire Protection Sec. 74.212. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. 169 75.101-75.102, 75.102-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 75 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS Division I GENERAL Scope Sec. 75.101. This article shall apply to the storage, handling and transporta- tion of cryogenic fluids as hereinafter defined. This article is not intended to include liquefied petroleum gas as defined in this code. Definitions Sec. 75.102 (a) General. For the definitions of BELOWGROUND CON- TAINER, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENIC INGROUND CONTAINER, CRYOGENIC VESSEL, FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, SAFETY FACTOR and SYSTEM, see Article 9. CONTAINER, as used in this article, is any cryogenic vessel whether used for transportation, handling or storage. CRYOGENIC FLUIDS shall be classified according to Table No. 75.102-A. LOW -TEMPERATURE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES are set forth in Table No. 75.102-B. TABLE NO.75.102-A—CLASSIFICATION OF CRYOGENIC FLUIDS FLAMMABLE NONFLAMMABLE CORROSIVE! HIGHLY TOXIC OXIDIZER Carbon Air Carbon Fluorine Monoxide Argon Monoxide Nitric Oxide Deuterium Helium Fluorine Oxygen Ethylene Krypton Nitric Oxide Hydrogen Neon Methane Nitrogen Xenon 'Heavy hydrogen is treated as hydrogen in this article. 170 TABLE NO.75.102-B-LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES NORMAL BOILING POINT TRIFLE POINT a CBmCAL POINT (MELTING POINT) SPECIFIC HEAT CAS KINSITT T"O. `F. uqw, Oeasill Lb./Ca. Ft. Latest Nest BTU/L0: IMIe NAME FORMULA MOLECULAR WEIGIIF CP O 70•F. 14.7 PSIA BTU/ (L0. Male)1'f.) Q 70•F. 14.7 PSIA L0./Ca. Ft. Tway. *F. Pressare ►SIA Tomp. *F. Prasswa ►SIA Air' S 28.96 -317.9 54.56 2.5.56 7.0 0.07493 Argon) A 39.95 -302.6 86.98 280E -187.6 705 -.308.9 9.99 4.98 0.1034 Carlwn Monoxide2 CO 28.0E -311 9 49.3 2597 -220.4 508 -337.1 2.23 6.97 0.0725 Deuteriuln2 Fluorine a2 F2 4.03 38.00 -417.3 -306.6 10.7 93.8 540 2815 -190.8 -200.2 219 808 -426.0 (-363:3) 2.48 6.97 7.49 0.0104 0.(wJ&3 Helium, He 4.(N) -452.13 7.798 16 -450.2 13 -4.55.84 7.35 x 10-1 4 4.98 0.01034 Hydrogen12 H2 2.02 -422.99 4.418 389 -399.8 188 -434.5 1.044 6.89 0.005209 N7pptonI thane2 Kr 014 &3.80 16.04 -244.0 -2.58.6 150.(i 26.5 3884 3519 - 82.8 -116.6 796 670 -250.9 -296.5 10.62 1.69 4.98 8.6 0.2172 0.0416 Neon' Ne 20.18 -410.7 75.35 748 -179.7 395 -415.4 6.27 4.98 0.05215 Nitri.Oxide' NO 10.01 -24I.0 79.3 5953 -137.2 945 -263.6 3.16 7.1 0.0777 Nitrogen' Oxygen' N2 Ot 28.01 32.00 -320.5 -297.3 50.46 71.27 2405 29:32 -2.32.6 -181.1 491 737 -345.9 -361.8 1.82 2.10 x 10-2 6.98 7.02 0.07245 0.08281 v j IBased on data from the Compressed Gas Association Meeting, June 19, 1962. ZFlammable. 3Proximate composition of dry air (Mole percent: 78.09 N2, 20.95 02.0.93 AT 0.03 COZ. 4K (lambda) point. w P. 171 ART. 75 r R70GFNlr rimne 75.103-75.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Permits Sec. 75.103. For a permit to store, handle or transport cryogens, see Section 4.101. NOTE: This section shall not apply to vehicles properly equipped for and using cryogenic fluids as the primary fuel for propelling the vehicle or for refrigerating the lading. Approval of Containers, Equipment and Devices Sec. 75.104. (a) General. All containers, equipment and devices used for the storage, handling and transportation of cryogenic fluids shall be of a type, material and construction approved by the chief as suitable for such use. Approval shall be based upon satisfactory evidence that the design, construction and test are in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Section 2.203 (b). (b) Unidentified Containers. Containers, equipment or devices which are not in compliance with recognized standards for design and construction may be approved by the chief upon presentation of satisfactory evidence that they are designed and constructed for safe operation. The following data shall be submitted to the chief with reference to the deviation from the standard with the application for approval: 1. Type and use of container, equipment or device. 2. Material to be stored, handled or transported. 3. Description showing dimensions and materials used in construction. 4. Design pressure, maximum operating pressure and test pressure. 5. Type, size and setting of safety devices. 6. Such other data as the chief may request. Electrical Equipment Sec. 75.105. (a) General. Electrical installations and equipment shall conform to the provisions of the Electrical Code. (b) Lighting. When required by the chief, lighting, including emergency lighting, shall be provided for fire appliances and operating facilities such as walkways, control valves and gages. Electrical Grounding or Bonding Sec. 75.106. Containers, systems and equipment used for flammable cryogenic fluids shall be either grounded or bonded or both. Electrical grounding and bonding shall be provided by an approved system and shall comply with the Electrical Code. Suitable means shall be taken to protect the system against corrosion, including corrosion caused by stray electric currents. Warning Labels Sec. 75.107. Warning labels and signs shall be posted on containers and equipment and at such locations as may be prescribed by the chief. Dispensing Areas Sec. 75.108. Dispensing of flammable cryogenic fluids, liquefied oxygen, liquid oxidizers or toxic/corrosive cryogenics shall be only at approved locations. 172 1985 EDITION 75.109-75.202 Fire Protection Sec. 75.109. Provisions shall be made in all flammable storage areas for controlling and extinguishing vent line fires. Division II CONTAINERS Container Design, Construction and Testing Sec. 75.201. (a) General. Containers used for the storage and handling of cryogenic fluids shall be of approved materials and design in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Section 2.303 (b). (b) Metallic. Metallic containers shall be constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Section 2.303 (b). (c) Concrete. Concrete containers shall be built in accordance with the applic- able provisions of the Building Code. Barrier materials used in connection with concrete but not functioning structurally shall be materials authorized by nationally recognized standards. See Section 2.303 (b). (d) Shipping. Containers used in transportation shall be built, inspected and tested in accordance with the applicable provisions of the United States Depart- ment of Transportation. Container Pressure -relief Devices Sec. 75.202. (a) General. All pressure containers shall be protected by a pressure -relief device or devices. If only one pressure -relief device is used, it shall be set to operate at a pressure not to exceed the maximum allowable working pressure. Additional relief devices may be set to operate at a higher pressure but shall not exceed 150 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure. (b) Fire Hazard Exposures. Containers subject to an exposure fire hazard shall be protected by pressure -relieving devices designed to protect against excessive pressure caused by fire exposure. Such devices shall be set to operate at a pressure not in excess of 110 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure and shall have a relieving capacity sufficient to prevent the pressure from rising more than 20 percent above the maximum working pressure. If only one device is used, it shall be set to operate at a pressure not to exceed the maximum allowable working pressure. (c) Accessibility and Moisture Effects. Relief devices shall be located so that they are readily accessible for inspection and repair and shall be protected against tampering. All relief devices shall be so designed or located that moisture cannot collect and freeze in a manner which would interfere with proper operation of the device. (d) Shutoffs Between Relief Valves and Containers. No shutoff valves shall be installed between relief valves and containers except that a shutoff valve may be used on multiple valve installations where the arrangement of the valves will provide full required flow through the relief devices at all times. 173 75.202-75.301 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (e) Outer Containers. Outer containers shall be equipped with pressure -relief devices to adequately protect the containers from excessive pressure. (f) Vessels Other than Containers. Heat exchangers and similar vessels shall be protected with a relieving device of sufficient capacity to avoid overpressure in case of internal failure. (g) Subjecting to Low Temperatures. Safety relief valves shall not be sub- jected to cryogenic temperatures except when operating. Pressure -relief Vent Piping Sec. 75.203. (a) Size. All relief vent piping shall have an area equal to at least the area of the relief valve and shall be arranged so as not to unduly restrict the flow. (b) Arrangement. Relief devices or relief device vent piping shall be arranged so that escaping gas will discharge unobstructed to the open air and not impinge on personnel, containers, equipment and structures or enter enclosed spaces. (c) Moisture Control and Termination. Vents shall be installed in such a manner as to exclude or remove moisture and condensation and to prevent malfunction due to freezing or icing. Drains shall be so installed as to prevent possible flame impingement on the container, piping, equipment and structures. Insulation Sec. 75.204. Insulation for containers in oxygen service shall be noncombusti- ble and shall be nonreactive with oxygen -enriched air. Nameplate Sec. 75.205. Each container shall be identified by the attachment of a name- plate in an accessible place marked as authorized by nationally recognized standards or the regulations of the United States Department of Transportation. See Section 2.303 (b). Division III STORAGE Installation of Aboveground Containers Sec. 75.301. (a) Foundation and Protection of Supports. Containers shall be provided with substantial concrete or masonry foundations, or structural steel supports on firm concrete or masonry foundations. Structural steel supports, exceeding 18 inches in height, for flammable cryogenic fluid containers shall be protected with protective coating having a two-hour fire -resistive rating as spec- ified in the Building Code. (b) Temporary Installations. Temporarily installed portable containers shall be provided with substantial noncombustible supports securely anchored on firm compatible foundations. ASME or DOT approved mobile containers shall meet the intent of this section. EXCEPTION: Temporarily installed containers of liquid oxygen must be installed over an approved noncombustible surface. 174 1985 EDITION 75.301-75.303 (c) Rmperature Effects on Supports. When container supports or founda- tions are likely to reach cryogenic temperatures, the supports or foundations shall be of a material and design to withstand the low -temperature effects of cryogenic fluid spillage. Horizontal containers shall be so mounted on foundations as to permit expan- sion and contraction. (d) Support Design of Corrosion Protection. Every container shall be sup- ported to prevent the concentration of excessive loads on the supporting portion of the shell. That portion of the container in contact with foundations or saddles shall be protected against corrosion. (e) Flooding Areas. Containers located in areas that are subject to flooding shall be securely anchored or elevated. (f) Protection from Damage. Storage containers, piping, valves, regulating equipment and other accessories shall be protected against physical damage and against tampering. (g) Securing. Containers shall be secured as may be necessary to prevent shifting or upset. Drainage for Aboveground Containers Sec. 75.302. (a) General. The area surrounding a container for cryogenic fluids shall be provided with drainage to prevent accidental discharge of fluids from endangering adjacent containers, buildings and equipment or adjoining property. These provisions may be altered or waived when determined by the chief that such container does not constitute a hazard, after consideration of special features such as rock for a heat sink, topographical conditions, nature of occupancy, proximity to buildings on the same or adjacent property, capacity and construction of containers and character of fluids to be stored. (b) Drainage Design. Where a drainage system is utilized to provide the required protection, such system shall be engineered to meet the intent of Section 75.302 (a). Location of Aboveground Containers with Respect to Exposure Sec. 75.303. (a) General. Cryogenic fluid containers shall be located in accordance with Table No. 75.303. Containers in excess of the quantity in Table No. 75.303 shall be engineered based on the exposure hazard. Extrapolations from Table No. 75.303 are not applicable to quantities in excess of those listed. (b) Production and TIransfdl Plant Exposure. Distance for cryogenic con- tainers to exposures at production plants and transfill plants shall be engineered based on the exposure hazard. 175 V OI TABLE NO.75.303—MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM CRYOGENIC FLUIDS IN STORAGE DISTANCE IN FEET TO DISTANCE IN FEET TO NONFLAMMABLE DISTANCE IN FEET TO DISTANCE IN FEET CORROSIVE AND HIGHLY CRYOGENS5 FLAMMABLE CRYOGENS5 TO OXIDIZING CRYOGENS5 TOXIC CRYOGENS5 3,501- 15,001- 1,001- EXPOSURE 75,000 gal. 0-3,500 gal. 15,000 gal. 30,000 gal. 0-1,000 gal. 50,000 gal. 20,000 gal. or less BUILDINGS — Type I and Type I1-F.R. 1 5 5 5 1 1 5 Types II -NC and One -hour 1 251 501 751 1 min. 1 min. 25 Types III, IV and V 1 501 751 1001 1 501 501 50 WALL OPENINGS, AIR INTAKES 1 75 above the system 10 10 253 FLAMMABLE and COMBUSTIBLE <1000 gal. 5 501 751 751 2512 251 2 501 LIQUID ABOVEGROUND > 1000 gal. 5 1 501 751 1001 501 2 501 2 501 FLAMMABLE and COMBUSTIBLE From tank 1 20 20 20 15 15 15 LIQUID BELOWGROUND From vent 1 251 251 251 251 2 251 2 2512 FLAMMABLE GAS <25,000 cu. ft. 5 251 251 501 251 2 251 2 501 >25,000 cu. ft. 5 501 501 751 251 2 501 2 501 FAST -BURNING SOLIDS 5 501 751 1001 5012 501 501 PLACES OF PUBLIC ASSEMBLY Nonambulatory patient areas 50 75 75 75 50 50 504 PROPERTY LINES 5 25 50 75 5 5 504 NONFLAMMABLE CRYOGEN 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 FLAMMABLE CRYOGEN 5 5 5 5 751 2 751 2 501 OXIDIZER CRYOGEN 5 7512 751 2 751 2 5 5 501 2 CORROSIVE AND HIGHLY TOXIC CRYOGEN 5 501 501 50- 5 5 5 'The distances do not apply where protective structures having a minimimum fire resistance of two hours interrupt the line of sight between uninsulated portions of the cryogen storage installation and the exposure. In such cases, the cryogen installation shall be a minimum distance of 1 foot (or greater distance if required for system maintenance) from the protective structure. The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet from the exposure. The protective structure (in lieu of distance) protects uninsulated cryogen containers or supports, control equipment enclosures, and system piping (or parts thereof) from -external fire exposure. Cryogen containers are well insulated. Such containers can provide line -of -sight protection for uninsulated system components. Protective structure configuration and dimensions will, therefore, vary depending upon the components of a particular system and their spatial relation to each other and to the exposure. Also, the configuration will allow for natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations and shall not have more than two sides at approximately 90-degree directions, except a third diagonal section may be used at the vertex. 2Where it is necessary to locate liquefied oxygen in the vicinity of flammable cryogens, liquefied flammable gas or flammable liquids, suitable protective means shall be taken (such as grading or diversion curbs) to prevent accumulation of liquids within 25 feet of each other. 3For carbon monoxide-50 feet. 4For carbon monoxide-75 feet. SDistances may be increased when cryogenic fluid is reactive with exposure cryogenic fluid. i CD Cn m v 4 0 Z 75.304-76.307 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Installation of Belowground Concrete Containers Sec. 75.304. (a) Frost -heave Soils. Suitable tests shall be conducted by qualified personnel at the site to determine whether the soil within the expected freezing zone around the container is of the frost -heave susceptible type. If it is determined that the soil is susceptible to ice -lens formation, select backfill of sufficient width shall be placed around the vessel to prevent excessive pressure from acting on the container or suitable means taken to ensure that the zone of freezing will not extend into the frost -heave susceptible soil. (b) Foundations. Belowground concrete containers shall be installed on foun- dations or supports of concrete, masonry piling, steel or a suitable foundation of aggregate which shall have been designed and constructed in accordance with the Building Code. (c) Limiting Access. The container storage area shall be fenced or otherwise protected where necessary. A minimum of two access openings shall be provided, and they shall be sufficient in size to accommodate emergency equipment. Installation of Cryogenic In -ground Containers Sec. 75.305. (a) General. Natural materials such as earth shall be proved to have adequate chemical and physical properties for the construction and operation of the container at the operating temperature. (b) Container Base. Containers shall be bottomed out of material naturally impermeable or made impermeable by artificial means. (c) Design and Construction. Any foundation, such as those for the super- structure or roof, shall be properly designed and constructed in accordance with the Building Code. (d) Fencing. The container storage area shall be fenced or otherwise protected where necessary. A minimum of two access openings shall be provided and they shall be of sufficient size to accommodate emergency equipment. Location of Belowground and In -ground Containers with Respect to Exposure Sec. 75.306. The minimum distance from the edge of belowground and in - ground flammable cryogenic containers to the nearest important building, proper- ty line or public way or from aboveground flammable or combustible liquid storage shall be in accordance with the following table: CONTAINER CAPACITY (Gallons) MINIMUM DISTANCE Less than 500 5 feet More than 500 to 1000 25 feet Over 1000 50 feet Location In Areas Containing Other Flammable Materials Sec. 75.307. Containers of cryogenic fluids shall not be located within dikes enclosing flammable or combustible liquid containers, LPG containers or com- pressed gas containers. 178 1985 EDITION 75.401-75.402 Division IV PIPING, PROCESS AND ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT AT MANUFACTURING FACILITIES AND CONSUMER SITES Piping, Materials and Construction Sec. 75.401. (a) General. All piping and materials such as gaskets, thread compound, etc., shall be suitable for the intended use through the full range of pressure and temperature to which they will be subjected, maintaining a safety factor of four to one. (b) Piping System Design. The piping system shall be designed and con- structed to provide adequate allowance for expansion, contraction, vibration, settlement and fire exposure. (c) Joints. Joints on all container piping and tubing over 2-inch nominal diameter shall be made by welding or with welded flanges. For nonflammable and nontoxic and noncorrosive cryogenic fluids, joints may be screwed, welded, silver brazed or with welded flanges. (d) Outside Piping. Piping outside buildings may be either buried or above- ground and shall be well supported and protected against physical damage and corrosion. (e) Testing. All piping and tubing shall be tested after installation at not less than one and one-half times hydraulically or one and one-fourth times pneu- matically the maximum working pressure and proved free of leaks. Valves and Accessory Equipment Sec. 75.402. (a) General. All valves and accessory equipment shall be suitable for the intended use at the temperatures of the application and shall be designed for not less than the maximum pressure and minimum temperature to which they may be subjected, maintaining a safety factor of four to one. (b) Shutoffs on Containers. Shutoff valves shall be provided on all container connections. Shutoff valves shall be located as close as practicable to the containers. (c) Containers in Excess of 2000 Gallons. All liquid and vapor connections on flammable cryogenic fluid containers in excess of 2000 water gallons, except gaging connections under 1/2-inch pipe size, shall be equipped with check valves or a remotely controlled, quick -closing valve. Remote valves shall be labeled in a manner acceptable to the chief. Remote valves shall be located as close as practical to the tank. (d) Shutoff on Pipelines. Shutoff valves shall be installed in all liquid pipelines as needed to limit the volume of liquid discharged in event of piping or equipment failure. Relief valves shall be installed between shutoff valves in all pipelines. (e) Identification of Container Connections. All inlet and outlet connections except relief valves, liquid -level gaging devices, and pressure gages on any container shall be labeled or identified by a schematic drawing to designate whether they are connected to vapor or liquid space. 179 75.402-75.602 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (f) Vent Reliefs for Flammables and Corrosives. All relief device vent lines for flammable and corrosive cryogenics shall be piped to a vent stack which discharges up in the air at a safe distance from personnel. Division V HANDLING, LOADING AND UNLOADING Loading and Unloading Area Sec. 75.501. (a) General. Loading and unloading shall be performed in such a manner as not to create an unsafe condition. (b) Control. Movement of vehicles, starting of engines, loading and unloading operations shall be controlled by personnel responsible for this area. (c) Oxygen Near Fuels. Loading and unloading of oxygen shall not be permitted in the vicinity of loading or unloading of gaseous or liquid fuel. (d) Parking Vehicles. Parked vehicles shall have wheel chocks in place. Division VI TRANSPORTATION Containers, Tanks and Vessels Sec. 75.601. Containers, tanks and vessels used for transporting cryogenic fluids shall meet all applicable requirements of the United States Department of Transportation. Vehicles Sec. 75.602. Vehicles transporting cryogenic fluids and subject to require- ments of this code shall: 1. Be placarded at the front, rear and on each side identifying the product. Placards shall have letters not less than 2 inches high using approximately a 5/e-inch stroke. Abbreviations shall not be used. In addition to the placard identifying the product, vehicles shall also bear other placards as may be required by the United States Department of Transportation, i.e., FLAM- MABLE GAS, OXIDIZER, etc. 2. Be equipped with not less than one approved -type fire extinguisher, with a minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C. 3. Be equipped with adequate chock blocks. 180 1985 EDITION 76.101-76.103 ARTICLE 76 PREVENTION OF DUST EXPLOSIONS Definition Sec. 76.101. For the definition of DUST as used in this article, see Article 9. Permits Sec. 76.102. For a permit to conduct an operation which produces dust, see Section 4.101. General Requirements Sec. 76.103. (a) All dust -producing or dust -agitating machinery, such as grinding mills and separators, and all elevators, elevator legs, spouts, hoppers and other conveyors shall be provided with casing or enclosures maintained as nearly dust -tight as possible. (b) Approved magnetic or pneumatic separators shall be installed ahead of all shellers, crackers, crushers, grinding machines, pulverizers and similar machines in which the entrance of foreign materials may cause sparks to be generated. (c) Suitable dust -collecting equipment shall be installed, and accumulation of dust shall be kept at a minimum in the interior of buildings. (d) All machinery and metal parts of the crushing, drying, pulverizing and conveying system shall be electrically grounded in accordance with the Electrical Code. (e) Smoking and the carrying of matches, the use of heating or other devices employing an open flame, or use of any spark -producing equipment is prohibited in areas containing dust -producing or dust -agitating operations. Artificial light- ing in such areas shall be by electricity with all wiring and electrical equipment installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. (f) Properly designed and located vents which will relieve the pressure resulting from an explosion and prevent or reduce damage to buildings or equipment shall be required in all buildings where flammable or explosive dusts are manufac- tured, processed or generated. The design and amount of such equipment shall be o in accordance with the Building Code. (g) Static electricity shall be removed from all machinery and other component W< W parts by permanent grounds or bonds or both. The design and installation of such grounds shall be in accordance with approved standards. y a� d 181 77.101-77.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 77 EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS Division I GENERAL Scope Sec. 77.101. This article shall apply to the manufacture, possession, storage, sale, transportation and use of explosives and blasting agents. Exceptions Sec. 77.102. (a) Nothing in this article shall be construed as applying to: 1. The armed forces of the United States or the state militia. 2. Explosives in forms prescribed by the official United States Pharma- copoeia. 3. The sale, possession or use of fireworks. 4. The possession, transportation and use of small arms ammunition. 5. The possession, storage, transportation and use of not more than one pound of black sporting powder, 20 pounds of smokeless powder and 2000 small arms primers for hand loading of small arms ammunition for person- al use. 6. The transportation and use of explosives or blasting agents by the United States Bureau of Mines, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Secret Service or Police and Fire Departments acting in their official capacities. 7. Special industrial explosive devices which in the aggregate contain less than 50 pounds of explosives. Definitions Sec. 77.103. For definitions of BLASTING AGENT, BULLET RESISTANT, INHABITED BUILDING, EXPLOSIVES, GUNPOWDER, SPECIAL INDUS- TRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE, SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL HIGH -EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL and TEST BLASTING CAP NO. 8, see Article 9. Permits Sec. 77.104. (a) Permits shall be obtained: 1. To manufacture, possess, store, sell or otherwise dispose of explosives or blasting agents. 2. To transport explosives or blasting agents. 3. To use explosives or blasting agents. 4. To operate a terminal for handling explosives or blasting agents. 5. To deliver to or receive explosives or blasting agents from a carrier at a terminal between the hours of sunset and sunrise. 182 1985 EDITION 77.104-77.105 6. To transport blasting caps or electric blasting caps on the same vehicle with explosives. (b) Permits required by Section 77.104 (a) of this article shall not be issued for: 1. Liquid nitroglycerin. 2. Dynamite (except gelatin dynamite) containing over 60 percent of liquid explosive ingredient. 3. Dynamite having an unsatisfactory absorbent or one that permits leakage of a liquid explosive ingredient under any conditions liable to exist during storage. 4. Nitrocellulose in a dry and uncompressed condition in quantity greater than 10 pounds net weight in one package. 5. Fulminate of mercury in a dry condition and fulminate of all other metals in any condition except as a component of manufactured articles not hereinaf- ter forbidden. 6. Explosive compositions that ignite spontaneously or undergo marked decomposition, rendering the products or their use more hazardous, when subjected for 48 consecutive hours or less to a temperature of 167'E 7. New explosives until approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation, except that permits may be issued to educational, governmental or indus- trial laboratories for instruction or research purposes. 8. Explosives condemned by the U.S. Department of Transportation. 9. Explosives not packed or marked in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Department of Transportation. 10. Explosives containing an ammonium salt and a chlorate. (c) No person shall keep or store, nor shall any permit be issued to keep or store, any explosives at any place of habitation or within 100 feet thereof. (d) No person possessing a permit for storage of explosives at any place shall keep or store any greater amount or other kind of explosives than are authorized in such permit. (e) The chief may require that any operations permitted under the provisions of Section 77.104 (a) 2 or 3 shall be supervised at any or all times by employees of the fire department designated by the chief to see that all safety and fire regula- tions are observed. Where, in the opinion of the chief, no undue hazard to life or property exists, the required supervision may be waived. Bond Required Sec. 77.105. Before a permit is issued, as required by Subsection (a) 3, of Section 77.104, the applicant shall file with the jurisdiction a corporate surety bond in the principal sum of $100,000 or a public liability insurance policy for the same amount for the purpose of the payment of all damages to persons or property which arise from, or are caused by, the conduct of any act authorized by the permit upon which any legal judgment results. The chief may specify a greater or lesser amount when, in his opinion, conditions at the location of use indicate a greater or 183 77.105-77.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE lesser amount is required. Public agencies shall be exempt from this bond .requirement. General Requirements Sec. 77.106. (a) The manufacture of explosives shall be prohibited unless such manufacture is authorized by the chief. (b) The storage of explosives and blasting agents is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of the district in which such storage is to be prohibited, except for temporary storage for use in connection with approved blasting operations, provided, however, this prohibition shall not apply to whole- sale and retail stocks of small arms ammunition, explosive bolts, explosive rivets or cartridges for explosive -actuated power tools in quantities involving less than 500 pounds of explosive material. (c) The chief may limit the quantity of explosives or blasting agents to be permitted at any location. (d) No person shall possess, offer for sale, sell or display explosives or blasting agents at any location not authorized by permit issued by the chief. , Division II STORAGE Storage of Explosives Sec. 77.201. (a) Explosives, including special industrial high -explosive mate- rials, shall be stored in magazines which meet the requirements of this article. (b) Magazines shall be at all times in the custody of a competent person who shall be at least 21 years of age and who shall be held responsible for compliance with all safety precautions. (c) Smoking, matches, open flames, spark -producing devices and firearms shall be prohibited inside or within 50 feet of magazines. Combustible materials shall not be stored within 50 feet of magazines. (d) The land surrounding magazines shall be kept clear of brush, dried grass, leaves, trash and debris for a distance of at least 50 feet. (e) Magazines shall be kept locked except when being inspected or when explosives are being placed therein or being removed therefrom. (f) Magazines shall be kept clean, dry and free of grit, paper, empty packages and rubbish. (g) Magazines shall not be provided with other than approved artificial heat or light. Approved electric safety flashlights or safety lanterns may be used. (h) Blasting caps, electric blasting caps, detonating primers, primed cartridges or any item such as a squib or electric match, the function of which is to ignite or detonate propellants, fireworks or explosives, shall not be stored in the same magazine with other explosives. (i) Magazines shall be of two types, namely, Class I and Class II. 0) Storage of explosives in quantities exceeding 100 pounds shall be in a Class I 184 1985 EDITION 77.201 magazine, except that a Class II magazine may be used for temporary storage of a larger quantity of explosives at the site of blasting operations where such amount constitutes not more than one day's supply for use in current operations. At the end of the day's operations any remaining explosives shall be safely destroyed or returned to a Class I magazine. (k) Storage of explosives in quantities of 100 pounds or less shall be in Class I or Class II magazines, except that explosives in any quantity when stored in remote locations shall be in Class I, bullet -resistant magazines. (1) Class I and Class II magazines shall be located away from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, public highways and other magazines in con- formity with the provisions of the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives, Table No. 77.201, except as provided in Subsection 77.201 (m). (m) At the site of blasting operations, a distance of not less than 100 feet shall be maintained between Class I magazines and the blast area. Class II magazines shall be kept not less than 150 feet from the blast area when the quantity of explosives temporarily kept therein is in excess of 25 pounds and not less than 50 feet when the quantity of explosives is 25 pounds or less. (n) Packages of explosives shall not be unpacked or repacked in a magazine nor within 50 feet of a magazine or in close proximity to other explosives. Opened packages of explosives shall be securely closed before being returned to a magazine. (o) Magazines shall not be used for the storage of any metal tools nor any commodity except explosives, blasting agents and oxidizers used in compound- ing blasting agents. The quantity of blasting agents and oxidizers shall be included when computing the total quantity of explosives for determining dis- tance requirements. (p) When an explosive has deteriorated to an extent that it is in an unstable or dangerous condition, or if nitroglycerin leaks from any explosive, then the person in possession of such explosive shall immediately report the fact to the chief and, upon his authorization, shall proceed to destroy such explosives and clean floors stained with nitroglycerin in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. Only experienced persons shall do the work of destroying explosives. 185 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 77,201 TABLE NO.77.201-AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AND MINIMUM SEPARATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND BLASTING AGENTS FROM EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS EXPLOSIVES DISTANCE IN FEET WHEN STORAGE IS BARRICADED From Passenger From Rallways-Public Highways with TFe18c Volume of More than Pounds Pounds From Inhabited Public Highways 3,000Separation 3,0 Vehicles/Day of Barricaded Over Not Over Buildings Classes A to D Magazines 2 5 70 30 51 6 5 10 90 35 64 8 10 20 110 45 81 10 20 30 125 50 93 11 30 40 140 55 103 12 40 50 150 60 110 14 50 75 170 70 127 15 75 100 190 75 139 16 100 125 200 80 150 18 125 150 215 85 159 19 150 200 235 95 175 21 200 250 255 105 189 23 250 300 270 110 201 24 300 400 295 120 221 27 400 500 320 130 238 29 500 600 340 135 253 31 600 700 355 145 266 32 700 800 375 150 278 33 800 900 390 155 289 35 900 1,000 400 160 300 36 1,000 1,200 425 165 318 39 1,200 1,400 450 170 336 41 1,400 1,600 470 175 351 43 1,600 1,800 490 180 366 44 1,800 2,000 505 185 378 45 2,000 2,500 545 190 408 49 2,500 3,000 580 195 432 52 3,000 4,000 635 210 474 58 4,000 5,000 685 225 513 61 5,000 6,000 730 235 546 65 6,000 7,000 770 245 573 68 7,000 8,000 800 250 600 72 8,000 9,000 835 255 624 75 9,000 10,000 865 260 645 78 10,000 12,000 875 270 687 82 12,000 14,000 855 275 723 87 14,000 16,000 900 280 756 90 16,000 18,000 940 285 786 94 18,000 20,000 975 290 813 98 20,000 25,000 1,055 315 876 105 25,000 30,000 1,130 340 933 112 30,000 35,000 1,205 360 981 119 35,000 40,000 1,275 380 1,026 124 (Continued) 186 1985 EDITION 77.201 EXPLOSIVES DISTANCE IN FEET WHEN STORAGE IS BARRICADED From Pe a' Rallwaya-Publlo From Hlghwaya with Traffic Volume of More than Pounds Pounds From Inhabited PFro Highways 3,000 Vehicles/Day Pa ration of Barricaded Over Not Over Buildings Classes A to D Magazines 40,000 45,000 1,340 400 1,068 129 45,000 50,000 1,400 420 1,104 135 50,000 55,000 1,460 440 1,140 140 55,000 60,000 1,515 455 1,173 145 60,000 65,000 1,565 470 1,206 150 65,000 70,000 1,610 485 1,236 155 70,000 75,000 1,655 500 1,263 160 75,000 80,000 1,695 510 1,293 165 80,000 85,000 1,730 520 1,317 170 85,000 90,000 1,760 530 1,344 175 90,000 95,000 1,790 540 1,368 180 95,000 100,000 1,815 545 1,392 185 100,000 110,000 1,835 550 1,437 195 110,000 120,000 1,855 555 1,479 205 120,000 130,000 1,875 560 1,521 215 130,000 140,000 1,890 565 1,557 225 140,000 150,000 1,900 570 1,593 235 150,000 160,000 1,935 580 1,629 245 160,000 170,000 1,965 590 1,662 255 170,000 180,000 1,990 600 1,695 265 180,000 190,000 2,010 605 1,725 275 190,000 200,000 2,030 610 1,755 285 200,000 210,000 2,055 620 1,782 295 210,000 230,000 2,100 635 1,836 315 230,000 250,000 2,155 650 1,890 335 250,000 275,000 2,215 670 1,950 360 275,000 300,000 2,275 690 2,000 385 NOTES: 1. For exceptions, see Section 77.201 (n). 2. "Natural barricade" means natural features of the ground, such as hills, or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures which require protection cannot be seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves. 3. `Artificial barricade" means an artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum thickess of 3 feet, except as set forth in Note 13. 4. "Barricaded" means that a building containing explosives is effectually screened from a magazine, building, railway or highway, either by a natural barricade or by an artificial barricade of such height that a straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosives to the eave line of any magazine or building, or to a point 12 feet above the center of a railway or highway will pass through such intervening natural or artificial barricade. 5. "Inhabited building" means a building regularly occupied in whole or in part as a habitation for human beings, or any church, schoolhouse, railroad station, store or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble, except any building or (Continued) 187 77.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE structure occupied in connection with the manufacture, transportation, storage or use of explosives. 6. "Railway" means any steam, electric or other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire. 7. "Highway" means any street or public road. "Public highways, Classes A to D," are highways with average traffic volume of 3000 or less vehicles per day. 8. When two or more storage magazines are located on the same property, each magazine must comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings, rail- ways and highways and, in addition, they shall be separated from each other by not less than the distances shown for "separation of magazines," except that the quantity of explosives contained in cap magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said cap magazines from magazines containing other explosives. EXCEPTION: Two or more magazines may be separated from each other by less than the specified "separation of magazines" distances when such two or more magazines, as a group, are considered as one magazine and the total quantity of explosives stored in such group shall be treated as if stored in a single magazine located on the site of any magazine of the group and shall comply with the minimum of distances specified from other magazines, inhabited buildings, railways or highways. 9. This table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of commercial explosives. It is not applicable to transportation of explosives or any handling or temporary storage necessary or incident thereto. It is not intended to apply to bombs, projectiles or other heavily encased explosives. 10. All types of blasting caps in strengths through No. 8 cap shall be rated at 1 �/2 pounds of explosives per 1000 caps. For strengths higher than No. 8 cap, the manufacturer shall be consulted. 11. For quantity and distance purposes, detonating cord of 50 to 60 grains per square foot shall be calculated as equivalent to 9 pounds of high explosives per 1000 feet. Heavier or lighter core loads shall be rated proportionately. 12. For unbarricaded condition, the specified distance for "barricaded" shall be doubled. 13. The minimum separation between stores of explosives or blasting agents from barri- caded stores of ammonium nitrate shall be not less than 16.7 percent of the distance given for separation of magazines in Table No. 77.201. The minimum separation between stores of explosives or blasting agents from barricaded stores of blasting agents shall be not less than 60 percent of the distance given for separation of magazines in Table No. 77.201. The distance determined from the above shall be multiplied by six if barricades are not provided. For the purpose of this note, the weight of the larger mass shall be used to determine the required separation; however, the weight of ammonium nitrate may be reduced by 50 percent. The required separation between inhabited buildings, public highways and railroads shall be not less than set forth in Table No. 77.201 using the sum of all explosives and blasting agents that are at a distance less than set forth in the table. The distance shall be measured from closest edge of the explosive material. Class A explosives as defined by the Department of Transportation shall be within Class I magazines. For the purposes of this note, artificial barricades of sand or dirt shall have a thickness not less than the following: 188 1985 EDITION 77.201-77.203 Weight of Explosive or Blasting Agent Barricade Pounds Pounds Not Thickness Over Over (Inches) 2,000 12 2,000 6,000 15 6,000 12,000 20 12,000 25,000 25 25,000 40,000 30 40,000 60,000 35 60,000 100,000 40 100,000 200,000 50 200,000 300,000 60 Gunpowder Sec. 77.202. (a) The chief may authorize the storage of smokeless powder not to exceed 100 pounds, black sporting powder not to exceed 5 pounds, and small arms primers not to exceed 20,000 in approved establishments. Smokeless powder exceeding 20 pounds shall be stored in an approved Class II magazine. Black sporting powder, when authorized, shall be stored in an approved Class II magazine. Small arms primers shall be stored in a manner prescribed by the chief. (b) The display of smokeless powder shall be only in original containers and shall not exceed 20 pounds. (c) Small arms primers shall not be stored or displayed with smokeless powder or other explosives. (d) Smokeless powder shall not be repackaged except in original -type con- tainers, and repackaging shall be permitted only in locations designated and approved by the chief. (e) The repackaging of black sporting powder shall not be permitted. Class I Magazines Sec. 77.203. (a) A magazine may be a building or excavation, tunnel or igloo, or military -type magazine or a portable magazine constructed as required in this section. (b) Class I magazines shall be bullet resistant, fire resistant, weatherproof, theft resistant and well ventilated. EXCEPTION: Magazines used for the storage of blasting agents, Class B and Class C explosives need not be bullet resistant. (c) Building -type magazines shall be constructed of masonry, wood, metal or a combination of these materials when bullet resistance is required. 1. Masonry units not less than 8 inches in thickness with all hollow spaces filled with concrete, well -tamped sand or equivalent material, or 2. Reinforced concrete not less than 6 inches in thickness, or 3. Steel walls of minimum manufacturer's standard gage No. 14 (.0747-inch) 189 77.203 UNIFORM FIRE CODE may be used, provided there are two layers spaced at least 6 inches apart with all hollow spaces filled with concrete, well -tamped sand or equivalent material, or 4. One layer of manufacturer's standard gage No. 6 (.1943-inch) or heavier steel, lined on the interior with a minimum of 4 inches of wood, or 5. Two layers of manufacturer's standard gage No. 6 (.1943-inch) or heavier steel, spaced a minimum '/2 inch apart and lined on the interior with a minimum of 2 inches of wood, or 6. Two layers of wood, at least 2 inches nominal thickness each, spaced a minimum of 4 inches apart with the hollow spaces filled with concrete, well -tamped sand or equivalent material. 7. The roof shall also be protected when the magazine is located where it is possible to fire a bullet directly through it into the explosives stored inside. NOTE: Any sheeting used shall be tongue -and -groove lumber, plywood or approved equal. (d) Doors shall be of bullet -resistant construction and shall be installed in such a manner that the hinges and hasps cannot be removed when the doors are locked and closed. Doors shall be equipped with substantial and approved means of locking. Each door shall be equipped with two separate locks or a lock requiring two separate keys. All padlocks shall be protected with steel caps constructed so as to prevent sawing or lever action on the locks or hasps. (e) Floors of magazines shall be securely fastened in place and shall be capable of withstanding the loads imposed. (f) The roofs and exterior sides of building -type magazines may be of wood construction covered with not less than No. 26 gage (.016-inch) steel metal. Roofs of building -type magazines located where it is possible to fire a bullet directly through the roof into the magazine at such an angle that the bullet would strike the explosives therein shall be constructed according to Section 77.203 (c) or equipped with a sand tray located at the eave line and covering the entire magazine ceiling area except that necessary for ventilation. Sand in the sand tray shall be maintained at a depth of not less than 4 inches. (g) Magazines shall be ventilated to minimize dampness and heating of stored explosives. Ventilation openings shall be screened with 14 mesh, No. 21 gage wire to prevent the entrance of sparks and shall be protected in a manner that will maintain the bullet resistance of the magazine. (h) Magazine interiors shall have a smooth finish with all nails, screws, bolts and nuts countersunk or blinded. (i) The approaches to magazines shall be provided with warning signs reading EXPLOSIVES —KEEP OFF in red letters not less than 4 inches in height and a stroke of at least 5/8 inch. The lettering shall be imposed upon a white background. Location of signs shall be within 100 feet of the magazine and so placed that a bullet through the sign will not strike the magazine. 0) Post an additional warning sign on the door with the letters not less than 2 190 1985 EDITION 77.203-77.301 inches in height and a stroke of �/4 inch on a contrasting background reading EXPLOSIVES, DANGEROUS. Class II Magazines Sec. 77.204. (a) Class II magazines shall be constructed of wood, metal, fiber or a combination thereof, or any equivalent construction. (b) Class 11 magazines shall be well constructed as follows: 1. Two-inch nominal thickness lumber, covered on the exterior with a mini- mum of No. 20 manufacturer's standard gage steel, or 2. TWo thicknesses of 1-inch plywood covered on the exterior with a mini- mum of No. 20 manufacturer's standard gage steel, or 3. Fiber equal in strength to wood as indicated in Items Nos. 1 and 2 above, covered on the exterior with a minimum of No. 20 manufacturer's standard gage steel, or 4. Minimum No. 14 manufacturer's standard gage steel, lined on the interior with one layer of 1-inch-thick plywood, or 5. Material of equal strength and fire resistance. (c) Class 11 magazines containing explosives and located in buildings shall be located for easy removal in case of fire and, when required by the chief, shall be equipped with approved wheels or casters. (d) Class H magazines shall be painted red and, when size permits, shall bear lettering in white on sides and top at least 3 inches high with a 1/2-inch stroke which reads EXPLOSIVES. (e) Class H magazines containing explosives left at locations where no one is in attendance shall be adequately secured to prevent their theft. Division III USE, HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION Use and Handling of Explosives Sec. 77.301. (a) Blasting operations shall be conducted during daylight hours except when authorized at other times by the chief. (b) The handling and firing of explosives shall be performed only by the person possessing a valid Explosives Certificate issued by the chief or by employees under his direct personal supervision who are at least 18 years of age. (c) A person while under the influence of intoxicants or narcotics shall not handle explosives. (d) A person shall not smoke or carry matches while handling explosives or while in the vicinity thereof. (e) An open -flame light shall not be used in the vicinity of explosives. (f) Whenever blasting is being conducted in the vicinity of gas, electric, water, fire alarm, telephone, telegraph or steam utilities, the blaster shall notify the appropriate representative of such utilities at least 24 hours in advance of blasting, 191 77.301-77.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE specifying the location and intended time of such blasting. In an emergency, this time limit may be waived by the chief. (g) Blasting operations shall be conducted in accordance with nationally recognized good practice. (h) Before a blast is fired, the person in charge shall make certain that all surplus explosives are in a safe place, all persons and vehicles are at a safe distance or under sufficient cover and a loud warning signal has been sounded. (i) Due precautions shall be taken to prevent accidental discharge of electric blasting caps from current induced by radio or radar transmitters, lightning, adjacent power lines, dust storms or other sources of extraneous electricity. These precautions shall include: 1. The suspension of all blasting operations and removal of persons from the blasting area during the approach and progress of an electrical storm. 2. The posting of signs warning against the use of mobile radio transmitters on all roads within approximately 500 feet of the blasting operations. 3. Compliance with nationally recognized good practice when blasting with- in one and one-half miles of broadcast or high -power shortwave transmitters. 0) When blasting is done in a congested area or in close proximity to a building, structure, railway, highway or any other installation that may be damaged by material being thrown into the air, the blast shall be covered with an adequate blasting mat. (k) Tools used for opening packages of explosives shall be constructed of nonsparking materials. (1) Empty boxes and paper and fiber packing materials which have previously contained high explosives shall not be used again for any purpose but shall be disposed of in a manner approved by the chief. (m) Explosives shall not be abandoned. 7�ansportatlon of Explosives Sec. 77.302. (a) Explosives shall not be carried or transported in or upon a public conveyance or vehicles carrying passengers for hire. (b) Vehicles used for transporting explosives shall be strong enough to carry the load without difficulty and shall be in good mechanical condition. If vehicles do not have a closed body, the explosives shall be covered with a flameproof and moistureproof tarpaulin or other effective protection against moisture and sparks. Such vehicles shall have tight floors, and exposed spark -producing metal on the inside of the body shall be covered with wood or other nonsparking material to prevent contact with packages of explosives. Packages of explosives shall not be loaded above the sides of open -body vehicles. (c) Explosives shall not be transported on any vehicle not authorized by the chief. (d) Every vehicle when used for transporting explosives shall be equipped with not less than one approved -type fire extinguisher with a minimum rating of 2-A, 192 1985 EDITION 77.302 10-B:C, or two approved -type fire extinguishers, one of which shall have a minimum rating of 2-A and the other a minimum rating of 10-B:C. Extinguishers shall be so located as to be readily available for use. (e) It shall be the duty of the person to whom a permit has been issued to transport explosives over the highways of the municipality, to inspect those vehicles employed by him to determine that: 1. Fire extinguishers are filled and in operating condition. 2. Electric wires are insulated and securely fastened. 3. The motor, chassis and body are reasonably clean and free of excessive grease and oil. 4. The fuel tank and fuel line are securely fastened and are not leaking. 5. Brakes, lights, horn, windshield wipers and steering mechanism are func- tioning properly. 6. Tires are properly inflated and free of defects. 7. The vehicle is in proper condition for transporting explosives. (f) Spark -producing metals or spark -producing metal tools shall not be carried in the body of a vehicle transporting explosives. (g) Only those dangerous articles authorized by the U.S. Department of Transportation to be loaded with explosives shall be carried in the body of a vehicle transporting explosives. (h) A person shall not smoke, carry matches or any other flame -producing device, or carry any firearms or loaded cartridges while in or near a vehicle transporting explosives, or drive, load or unload any such vehicle in a careless or reckless manner. (i) Vehicles transporting explosives shall be in the custody of drivers who are physically fit, careful, capable, reliable, able to read and write the English language, not addicted to the use or under the influence of intoxicants or narcotics and not less than 21 years of age. They shall be familiar with state and municipal traffic regulations and the provisions of this article governing the transportation of explosives. 0) Vehicles transporting explosives shall display explosives signs on both sides, front and rear conforming to the requirements of the vehicle code. (k) Blasting caps and electric blasting caps when transported on the same vehicle with other explosives shall be separated from the other explosives by containment within a Class II magazine. (1) Vehicles transporting explosives shall be routed to avoid congested traffic and densely populated areas. (m) Explosives shall not be transported through any completed vehicular tunnel or subway except on approval of the chief. (n) Vehicles transporting explosives shall not be left unattended at any time within the jurisdiction. (o) Unless authorized by the chief, a person other than the driver and one 193 77.302-77.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE assistant who is at least 18 years of age shall not ride on any vehicle transporting explosives. (p) The fire and police departments shall be promptly notified when a vehicle transporting explosives is involved in an accident, breaks down or catches fire. Only in the event of such an emergency shall the transfer of explosives from one vehicle to another be allowed on highways within the jurisdiction and only when qualified supervision is provided. Except in such an emergency, a vehicle trans- porting explosives shall not be parked before reaching its destination except at stopping and parking places designated and approved by the chief. (q) Delivery shall be made only to authorized persons and into approved magazines or approved temporary storage or handling areas. (r) Vehicles containing explosives shall not be taken into a garage or repair shop for repairs or storage. Explosives and Blasting Agents at Terminals Sec. 77.303. (a) The chief may designate the location and specify the maxi- mum quantity of explosives or blasting agents which may be loaded, unloaded, reloaded or temporarily retained at each terminal where such operations are permitted. (b) Shipments of explosives or blasting agents delivered to carriers shall comply with the U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. (c) Carriers shall immediately notify the chief when explosives or blasting agents are received at terminals. (d) Carriers shall immediately notify consignees of the arrival of explosives or blasting agents at terminals. (e) Truck terminals where explosives are loaded, unloaded or transferred shall conform to the following conditions: 1. There shall be no aboveground storage tanks of flammable or combustible liquids or other hazardous substances on the terminal proper or on immedi- ate adjoining property which would present a significant exposure hazard. 2. There shall be no structures or occupancies on immediately adjoining property which would constitute a serious exposure hazard to the terminal. 3. The terminal property shall be sufficiently large that dock or vehicle storage areas containing explosives shall be a minimum of 50 feet from any structure on adjoining property. 4. Adequate access to adjoining streets shall be provided to and from the terminal property. Local routes between terminals and deviations from state approved routes shall be prescribed by the chief. 5. Explosives shall be kept in vehicles to the greatest extent possible. During transferring or loading operations, the explosives should remain on the ground or on docks for as short a time as possible. 6. Specific areas of docks shall be designated for the temporary "storage" of explosives during loading or transferring operations. A minimum distance shall be specified and maintained between this designated area and all other 194 1985 EDITION 77.303-77.305 materials on the dock. Combustible storage and particularly flammable or combustible liquids shall be kept at the greatest possible distance from this designated area. 7. At all times, a watchman or guard shall be on duty on the terminal property, and he shall be capable of driving all equipment in the area. At times when there are a substantial number of vehicles carrying explosives in the terminal, additional persons capable of driving shall be provided. 8. Adequate security against unauthorized persons' entering the terminal shall be provided. In metropolitan areas, this will require a fence and adequate gates. 9. The terminal shall be adequately lighted for normal observation of all vehicles containing explosives. 10. Adequate fire -protection appliances shall be provided for the loading dock near the designated explosives area and near parked vehicles. 11. A specific area of the terminal property shall be designated for vehicles containing explosives. 12. Vehicles containing any special inherent hazard, such as mechanical refrigeration equipment, shall be kept separated from the area designated for the parking of explosives vehicles. 13. Shipments of explosives shall be transported without unnecessary delay, keeping the explosives in the terminal an absolute minimum length of time, not to exceed 48 hours, excluding Sundays and holidays. Blasting Agents, General Sec. 77.304. (a) Except when subject to U.S. Department of Transportation regulations, blasting agents shall be stored, handled and used in the same manner as explosives. (b) Any ammonium nitrate stored at a closer distance to the blasting agent storage area than as provided in (c) below shall be added to the quantity of blasting agents to calculate the total quantity involved for application of Table No. 77.201. (c) Minimum intraplant separation distances between mixing units and the ammonium nitrate storage areas and blasting agents storage areas shall be in conformity with Table No. 77.201, Note 13. Mixing Blasting Agents Sec. 77.305. (a) Buildings or other facilities used for mixing blasting agents shall be located away from inhabited buildings, passenger railways and public highways, in accordance with the provisions of Table No. 77.201. (b) Not more than eight hours' production of blasting agents or the limit determined by Table No. 77.201, whichever is less, shall be permitted in or near the building or other facility used for mixing blasting agents. Larger quantities shall be stored in magazines. (c) Buildings or other facilities used for the mixing of blasting agents shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the Building Code. 195 77.305-77.401 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (d) Compounding and mixing of recognized formulations of blasting agents shall be conducted in accordance with nationally recognized good practice. (e) Smoking or open flames shall not be permitted in or within 50 feet of any building or facility used for the mixing of blasting agents. (f) Empty oxidizer bags shall be disposed of daily in a manner approved by the chief. Transportation of Blasting Agents Sec. 77.306. Vehicles transporting blasting agents not subject to U.S. Depart- ment of Transportation regulations shall comply with all requirements of Section 77.302 except that they shall be marked or placarded on both sides, front and rear, with the words BLASTING AGENTS in letters not less than 4 inches in height and approximately a 5/8-inch stroke on a contrasting background. Seizure of Explosives and Blasting Agents Sec. 77.307. The chief may seize, take, remove or cause to be removed at the expense of the owner all explosives, ammunition or blasting agents offered or exposed for sale, stored, possessed or transported in violation of this article. Division IV MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING AND TESTING Manufacturing, Assembling and Testing Sec. 77.401. Any person planning to manufacture, assemble, test or load explosives, ammunition, blasting agents or fireworks shall furnish to the chief the following information: 1. The exact location of the place of manufacture. 2. The kind or kinds of explosives, ammunition, blasting agents or fireworks to be manufactured or processed and the property of hazardous materials to be used. 3. The names and addresses of individual owners, partners or officers of a corporation. 4. A map of the operating premises with the operating buildings indicated in which greater than one pound of explosives is manufactured, handled, used or stored. The maximum amount of explosives greater than one pound to be used in each building, number of persons in each operating building, barricade locations and dimensions and the location and capacity of stor- age magazines. 5. This article shall not be construed as applying to, or prohibiting the mixture of, blasting agents such as nitrocarbonitrate or ammonium nitrate -fuel oil in the loading area, provided all necessary safety precautions are taken. 6. A copy of the general safety rules which the manufacturer will enforce, including plans for emergency procedures in the event of fire or explosion. 196 1985 EDITION 77.402-77.406 Plans of Plant Sec. 77.402. A copy of the plans of the plant shall be kept in the office on the premises of each explosive, ammunition, blasting agents or fireworks manufac- turing plant and shall be made available to the chief or his authorized representa- tive upon request. Training Sec. 77.403. Workmen who handle explosives or explosive charges shall be instructed in the hazards of the materials and processes in which they are to be engaged and with the safety rules governing such materials and processes. Emergency Procedure Sec. 77.404. Emergency procedures shall be formulated for each plant which will include personal instruction in any emergency that may be anticipated. All personnel shall be made aware of an emergency warning signal. Intraline Distance Sec. 77.405. This distance is the minimum permitted between any two build- ings within one operating line. Intraline distances are also used for separating certain specified areas, buildings and locations even though actual line operations are not involved. Intraline distance separation is expected to protect explosives in buildings from propagation detonation due to blast effects but not against the possibility of propagation detonation due to fragments. Intraline Separation of Operating Buildings Sec. 77.406. (a) All mass detonating explosives Class A and fireworks man- ufacturing buildings, including those where explosive charges are assembled, manufactured, prepared or loaded, shall be separated from all other buildings, including magazines, within the confines of the manufacturing plant at a distance not less than those shown in the following Table No. 77.406 when the buildings are barricaded. (b) When a building or magazine containing explosives is not barricaded, the intraline distances shown shall be doubled. TABLE NO. 77.406—MINIMUM INTRALINE SEPARATION BETWEEN BARRICADED OPERATING BUILDINGS CONTAINING CLASS A EXPLOSIVES OR FIREWORKS MANUFACTURING EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS IN UNDS MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS IN POUNDS MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET Over Not Over Over Not Over 50 30 20,000 25,000 265 50 100 40 25,000 30,000 280 100 200 50 30,000 35,000 295 200 300 60 35,000 40,000 310 300 400 65 40,000 45,000 320 400 500 70 45,000 50,000 330 500 600 75 50,000 55,000 340 (Continued) 197 77.406-77.407 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.77.406-MINIMUM INTRALINE SEPARATION BETWEEN BARRICADED OPERATING BUILDINGS CONTAINING CLASS A EXPLOSIVES OR FIREWORKS MANUFACTURING -(Continued) EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS IN UNDS MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS IN POUNDS MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET Over Not Over Over o ver 600 700 80 5.5,000 60,000 3 0 700 800 85 60,000 65,000 360 800 900 90 65,000 70,000 :370 900 1,000 95 70,000 75,000 385 1,000 1,500 105 75,000 80,000 390 1,500 2,000 115 80,000 85,000 395 2,000 3,000 130 85,000 90,000 400 3,000 4,000 140 90,000 95,000 410 4,000 5,000 150 95,000 100,000 415 5,000 6,000 160 100,000 125,000 450 6,000 7,000 170 12.5,000 150,000 475 7,000 8,000 180 150,000 175,000 500 8,000 9,000 190 175,000 200,000 525 9,000 10,000 200 200,000 225,000 550 10,000 15,000 225 225,000 250,000 575 15,000 20,000 245 Operation -Buildings and Equipment Sec. 77.407. (a) Operating buildings or rooms in which more than 50 pounds of explosives or fireworks are present at any time shall be constructed with at least one wall of explosion -relief type. The relief wall shall be placed so as to be of least hazard to workmen in adjacent buildings. (b) When explosive venting is required, the venting area will be calculated on 1 square foot for each 35 cubic feet of building or room area. (c) All rooms or buildings shall have adequate aisle space and at least two exits separated from each other by a distance equal to not less than one half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the room or area served measured in a straight line between exits. Openings in fire walls shall be equipped with approved, self -closing fire doors. All exit doors shall open in the direction of exit travel and be equipped with panic hardware. EXCEPTION: Cubicles 100 square feet or less and occupied by not more than two persons working within 12 feet of an unobstructed passageway may have one exit. (d) All electrical wiring and equipment shall be acceptable for the hazard involved and installed in accordance with requirements for wiring and equipment in hazardous locations. (e) Effective bonding and grounding means shall be provided to prevent accumulation of static charges where static charges are a hazard. (f) Explosives dust shall not be exhausted to the atmosphere. Where vacuum dust -collection systems are used, they shall comply with the following requirements: 198 1985 EDITION 77.407-77.408 1. Adequate filters must be installed between the source vacuum and the point of pickup to prevent explosives from entering the vacuum pump or exhauster. 2. The explosive dust -collection system shall be designed to prevent pinch points —threaded fittings exposed to the hazardous dust and sharp turns, dead ends, pockets, etc., in which explosives may lodge and accumulate outside the collecting chamber. 3. The entire vacuum collection system shall be made electrically continuous and be grounded to a maximum resistance of 5 ohms. 4. Chambers in which the dusts are collected shall not be located in the operating area unless adequate shields for the maximum quantity of material in the collector are furnished for personal protection. EXCEPTION: Wet -dust -type collectors. 5. More than two rooms may not be serviced by a common connection to a vacuum collection chamber. Where interconnections are used, means shall be employed to prevent propagation of an incident by way of the collection piping. 6. When collecting the more sensitive explosives such as black powder,.lead azide or other high-energy materials, a "wet" collector which moistens the dust close to the point of intake and maintains the dust wet until removed for disposal shall be used. Wetting agents shall be compatible with the explosives. 7. Explosive dusts shall be removed from the collection chamber as often as necessary to prevent overloading. The entire system shall be cleaned at a frequen- cy that will eliminate hazardous concentrations of explosive dusts in pipes, tubing, and/or ducts. (g) Squirrel cage blowers shall not be used for exhausting hazardous fumes, vapors or gases. Only nonferrous fan blades shall be used for fans located within the ductwork and through which hazardous materials are exhausted. Motors shall be located outside the duct. (h) Work stations for small amounts of explosives (less than one pound) shall be separated by distance, barrier or other means so that fire in one station will not ignite material in the next work station. When necessary, each operator shall be protected by a personnel shield located between the operator and the explosive device or explosive material being processed. This shield and its support shall be a tested design to withstand a blast from the maximum amount of explosives allowed behind it. Explosive Operations Sec. 77.408. (a) When the type of material and processing warrants, mechan- ical operations involving explosives in excess of one pound shall be carried on at isolated stations or at intraline distances, and machinery shall be controlled from remote locations behind substantial barricades or at intraline separations so that workmen may remain at a safe distance while machinery is operating. (b) The working area where the screening, grinding, blending and other processing of static -sensitive explosives or pyrotechnic materials is done shall be maintained above 20 percent relative humidity. If the relative humidity drops below 20 percent, the above operations shall be stopped and secured until the 199 77.408-77.409 UNIFORM FIRE CODE relative humidity can be raised above 20 percent. It is desirable to keep the relative humidity above 20 to 30 percent, except where metal powders are involved, and then the relative humidity shall be between 50 and 60 percent. (c) Means shall be provided and used to discharge static electricity from hand trucks, buggies and similar equipment before they enter buildings containing static -sensitive explosives. It is recommended that conductive wheels, including metal wheels which could not cause sparks, be used on such equipment. (d) Bulk explosives shall be kept in covered containers when not being used or processed. Explosives shall not be stored or transported in open containers. (e) The quantity of explosive materials at any particular work station shall be limited to that posted on the load limit signs, and not to exceed four hours' supply of material or four hours' supply of product, except that when this quantity would introduce a serious hazard, such quantities shall be limited to a lesser amount. (f) Appropriate receptacles with covers shall be provided for each station for disposing of waste material and debris. These waste receptacles shall be emptied and cleaned as often as necessary but not less than once each day or at the end of each shift. (g) General safety rules and operating instructions governing the particular operation or process carried on at that location shall be available at each station. The rules shall include requirements for bonding and grounding, permissible cleaning agents to use and other precautions deemed necessary for safe operation. (h) Personnel and explosive limits shall be posted. (i) Regular maintenance and repair work shall not be permitted in an explosive building until explosives are removed and the area is made safe. This does not prohibit minor adjustments or emergency repairs to secure immediate safety. 0) Spilled or dropped explosives shall be cleaned up at once. (k) Shipping containers, cleaning rags and other materials contaminated with explosives shall be removed daily and disposed of in a safe manner. (1) Fireworks, explosives or explosive charges shall not be stored near any source of heat. Location of Explosive Detonations for Testing Sec. 77.409. (a) Detonation or ignition of explosive charges or fireworks for testing shall be done only in a location so isolated by distance in accordance with the Quantity and Distance Table No. 77.201, or where barriers shall be provided that will protect any person connected with the test. (b) Adequate shelter or distance shall be provided to protect employees detonat- ing explosives. (c) When tests are being conducted or explosives are being detonated, only authorized persons shall be present. Areas where explosives are regularly or frequently detonated or burned shall be fenced and posted with adequate warning signs. Adequate warning devices shall be used before burning or detonating explosives to warn persons who might approach from any direction that they are approaching a danger zone. 200 1985 EDITION 77.410 Disposal of Waste Explosives and Fireworks Sec. 77.410. (a) Sites for destruction of explosives shall be located at the maximum practicable safe distance from inhabited buildings, public highways, operating buildings and all other exposures. The separation shall be not less than the inhabited building distance (see Table No. 77.201). When possible, barri- cades shall be utilized between the site and inhabited buildings. (b) Provision shall be made so scrap explosive material will not be placed in any burn location until at least 48 hours after the last fires have gone out. (c) A blasting shelter shall be provided near the burn area for emergency use. 201 78.101-78.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 78 FIREWORKS Definition Sec. 78.101. For definition of FIREWORKS, see Section 9.108. Permits for Manufacturing, Sale and Discharge Sec. 78.102. (a) The manufacture of fireworks within the jurisdictional area is prohibited except under special permits as are required by local and state regulations. (b) Except as hereinafter provided, it shall be unlawful for any person to possess, store, to offer for sale, expose for sale, sell at retail or use or explode any fireworks, provided that the chief shall have power to adopt reasonable rules and regulations for the granting of permits for supervised public displays of fireworks by a jurisdiction, fair associations, amusement parks, other organizations or for the use of fireworks by artisans in pursuit of their trade. Every such use or display shall be handled by a competent operator approved by the chief and shall be of such character and so locited, discharged or fired so as, in the opinion of the chief after proper investigation, not to be hazardous to property or endanger any person. (c) Applications for permits shall be made in writing at least 10 days in advance of the date of the display. After such privilege shall be granted, sale, possession, use and distribution of fireworks for such display shall be lawful for that purpose only. No permit granted hereunder shall be transferable. Bond for Fireworks Display Required Sec. 78.103. The permittee shall furnish a bond or certificate of insurance in an amount deemed adequate by the chief for the payment of all damages which may be caused either to a person or persons or to property by reason of the permitted display and arising from any acts of the permittee, his agents, employees or subcontractors. Disposal of Unfired Fireworks Sec. 78.104. Any fireworks that remain unfired after the display is concluded shall be immediately disposed of in a way safe for the particular type of fireworks remaining. Exception Sec. 78.105. Nothing in this article shall be construed to prohibit the use of fireworks by railroads or other transportation agencies for signal purposes of illumination, or the sale or use of blank cartridges for a show or theater, or for signal or ceremonial purposes in athletics or sports or for use by military organizations. Seizure of Fireworks Sec. 78.106. The chief shall seize, take, remove or cause to be removed at the expense of the owner all stocks of fireworks offered or exposed for sale, stored or held in violation of this article. 202 1985 EDITION 79.101 ARTICLE 79 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Division I GENERAL PROVISIONS Scope Sec. 79.101. (a) General. The storage, use, dispensing and mixing of flam- mable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this article, except as otherwise provided in other laws or regulations. This article also applies specifi- cally to all flammable and combustible liquids as defined in Section 79.102, except those that are solid at 100T or above. When heated, sprayed or mixed, Class II or Class III liquids may assume the characteristics of lower flash point liquids. Under such conditions the appropriate provisions of this article for the actual flash point shall apply. EXCEPTIONS: 1. The transportation of flammable and combustible liquids when in conformity with the Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations on file with and approved by the Department of Transportation. 2. Alcoholic beverages in retail sales or storage uses, provided the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. 3. Medicines, foodstuffs and cosmetics, containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water -miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being flammable, in retail sales or storage uses when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. 4. Storage and use of fuel -oil tanks and containers connected with oil-buming equipment. Such storage and use shall comply with Article 61 and the Mechanical Code. 5. Liquids without flash points that can be flammable under some conditions, such as certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons. 6. Mists, sprays or foams except flammable aerosols in containers as may be included under Division H. (b) Liquids With Unusual Burning Characteristics. Additional require- ments may be necessary for the safe storage and use of liquids which have unusual burning characteristics, which are subject to self -ignition when exposed to the air, which are highly reactive with other substances, which are subject to explosive decomposition, or have other special properties which dictate safeguards over and above those specified for a normal liquid of similar flash point classification. See 3 Article 80. (c) Alternate Materials or Methods. In particular installations, the provisions of this article may be altered in accordance with Section 2.301 at the discretion of the chief after consideration of the special features such as topographical condi- tions, barricades, walls, adequacy of building exits, nature of occupancies, < c proximity to buildings or adjoining property and character of construction of such ° buildings, capacity and construction of proposed tank and character of liquids to d be stored, nature of process; degree of private fire protection to be provided and 203 79.101-79.102 UNIFORM FIRE CODE the adequacy of facilities of the fire department to cope with flammable and combustible liquid fires. Definitions Sec. 79.102. (a) General. For definition of AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC TANK; AUTOMATIC FIRE CHECK; BOILING POINT; BOILOVER; CLOSED CONTAINER; COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID; DIP TANKS; DISPENS- ING DISTILLERY; FIRE POINT; FLASH POINT; FLAME ARRESTER; FLAMMABLE LIQUID; LABELED; LIQUID; LIQUID, UNSTABLE (Reac- tive); LISTED; LOW-PRESSURE TANK; MARINE SERVICE STATION; MERCANTILE OCCUPANCY; SERVICE STATION, AUTOMOTIVE; VAPOR -BALANCE SYSTEM; VAPOR -PROCESSING SYSTEM; VAPOR - PROCESSING UNIT; VAPOR -RECOVERY SYSTEM and VAPOR -TRANS- FER EQUIPMENT, see Article 9. (b) Limited Application. For the purpose of this article, certain terms and words are defined as follows: CHEMICAL PLANT is a plant or that portion of a plant other than a refinery or distillery where flammable or combustible liquids are produced by chemical reactions or used in chemical reactions. CONDENSATE TANK is a tank which is installed in the vapor -return piping of a vapor -recovery system to collect condensed gasoline. All such tanks shall be capable of being emptied of liquids without opening. CONTAINER is any vessel of 60 U.S. gallons or less capacity used for transporting or storing flammable or combustible liquids. INSIDE USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOM. See Section 79.804. LIQUID STORAGE ROOM is a room classified as a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy that has an exterior wall and which is used for the storage of limited quantities of liquids. LIQUID STORAGE ROOM, INSIDE, is a room classified as a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy that does not have an exterior wall, is limited in size and in which the storage quantities of liquids are limited. LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE is a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy used only for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids in unlimited quantities. MIXING is the combining, blending or bringing together within the same container, tank or vessel flammable or combustible liquids or other materials whereby flammable vapors may be liberated to the atmosphere. PORTABLE TANK is any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S. gallons and not intended for fixed installation. STORAGE is the keeping, retention or leaving of flammable or combustible liquids in closed containers, tanks or similar vessels. USE is the placing in action or service flammable or combustible liquids whereby flammable vapors may be liberated to the atmosphere. 204 1985 EDITION 79.103-79.104 Permits Sec. 79.103. For permits to store or use flammable or combustible liquids, see Section 4.101. Portable Tanks, Containers and Equipment Sec. 79.104. (a) General. Portable tanks, containers and equipment used or intended to be used for the storage, use or sale of flammable or combustible liquids shall be of an approved type. Containers and portable tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards or U.F.C. Standard No. 79-5. See Section 2.303 (b). The capacity of individual containers and portable tanks for liquids shall conform to Table No. 79.104. TABLE NO. 79.104—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SIZE OF CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS CONTAINER TYPE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Class I•A Class I•B Class I-C Class II Class III Glass 1 pt. 1 qt. 1 gal. 1 gal. 5 gal. Metal or approved plastic 1 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. Safety Cans 2 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. Metal Drum 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. Approved Portable Tanks 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. Polyethylene I 1 1 60 gal. 60 gal. NOTES: 1. Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs and cosmetics, when packaged according to commonly accepted practices for retail sales, are exempted. 2. Class I -A and Class I-B liquids may be stored in glass containers of not more than I gallon capacity if the required liquid purity (such as American Chemical Society analytical reagent grade or higher) would be affected by storage in metal containers or if the liquid would cause excessive corrosion of the metal container. 3. Polyethylene containers meeting the requirements of the standard referenced in Section 2.303 (b) may be used. (b) Portable Tank Emergency Venting. Each portable tank shall be provided with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emergency venting capacity to limit internal pressure under fire -exposure conditions to 10 psig or 30 percent of the bursting pressure of the tank, whichever is greater. The total venting capacity shall be not less than that specified in Section 79.510 (b) 1 or 79.510 (b) 3. At least one pressure -actuated vent having a minimum capacity of 6000 cubic feet of free air per hour (14.7 psis and 60°F.) shall be used. It shall be set to open at not less than 5 psig. If fusible vents are used, they shall be actuated by elements that operate at a temperature not exceeding 300°F. When used for paints, drying oils and similar materials where plugging of the pressure -actuated vent can occur, fusible vents or vents of the type that soften to failure at a maximum of 300°F. under fire exposure may be used for the entire emergency venting requirement. 205 79.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Design and Construction of Tanks Sec. 79.105. (a) Materials. Tanks shall be designed and built in accordance with recognized good engineering standards for the material of construction being used with the following limitations and exceptions: 1. The material of tank construction shall be compatible with the liquid to be stored. The chief may require that evidence be submitted to substantiate that the properties of the liquid are compatible with the tank. 2. Tanks constructed of combustible materials shall be subject to the approval of the chief and limited to: A. Installation underground, or B. Use where required by the properties of the liquid stored, or C. Storage of Class III-B liquids aboveground in areas not exposed to a spill or leak of Class I or Class II liquid, or D. Storage of Class III-B liquids inside a building protected by an approved automatic fire -extinguishing system. 3. Unlined concrete tanks may be used for storing liquids having a gravity of 40 degrees API or heavier. Concrete tanks with special linings may be used for other services, provided the design is in accordance with sound engi- neering practice. See also Section 79.502. 4. Tanks may have combustible or noncombustible linings. 5. Special engineering consideration shall be used if the specific gravity of the liquid to be stored exceeds that of water or if the tank is designed to contain liquids at a liquid temperature below WE (b) Fabrication. Tanks may be of any shape or type consistent with sound engineering design. (c) Atmospheric Tanks. Atmospheric tanks shall be built in accordance with recognized standards of design. See Section 2.303 (b). Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels may be used as atmospheric tanks. Atmospheric tanks shall not be used for the storage of a liquid at a temperature at or above its boiling point. (d) Low-pressure Tanks. The normal operating pressure of the tank shall not exceed the design pressure of the tank. Low-pressure tanks shall be built in accordance with recognized standards of design. See Section 2.303 (b). Tanks regulated in Subsection (c) above may be used for operating pressures not exceeding 1 psig and shall be limited to 2.5 psig under emergency venting conditions. Pressure vessels may be used as low-pressure tanks. (e) Pressure Vessels. The normal operating pressure of the vessel shall not exceed the design pressure of the vessel. Except where otherwise approved by the chief, fired and unfired pressure vessels shall be designed and constructed in accordance with nationally recog- nized standards of design. See Section 2.303 (b). 206 1985 EDITION 79.106-79.112 Change of Contents - Sec. 79.106. A change in the contents of a tank shall be in conformance with the requirements of Section 79.105. Prior to a change in contents, the chief may require testing of a tank. Underground tanks shall not contain petroleum products containing mixtures of a nonpetroleum nature without evidence of compatibility. This shall include ethanol or methanol blends. Warning Labels Sec. 79.107. Warning labels shall conform with the Federal Hazardous Sub- stance Labeling Act and applicable state laws. All flammable liquids, flammable and liquid compounds or mixtures manufactured, packaged or offered for sale shall be conspicuously marked or labeled in easily legible type which is in contrast by typography, layout or color with any other printed matter on the label. EXCEPTION: Foods, drugs or cosmetics subject to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Warning Signs Sec. 79.108. (a) General. The chief may require warning signs as he deems necessary for the purpose of pointing out the hazards of storing or using flam- mable liquids. (b) Style. Warning signs shall be of a durable material with red lettering on a white background and shall read DANGER —FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS. Letters shall be not less than 3 inches in height and '/z inch in stroke. (c) Location. Signs shall be posted in locations as directed by the chief. Operating Heating, Lighting and Cooking Appliances Sec. 79.109. Heating, lighting or cooking appliances which utilize Class I liquids shall not be operated within a building or structure. EXCEPTION: Single-family dwelling. Unlawful Sales of Flammable Liquids Sec. 79.110. It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or offer for sale Class I or Class 11 liquids with a flash point of I IO'E or less for the express purpose of domestic cleaning. Cleaning with Flammable Liquid Sec. 79.111. Class I liquids and Class II liquids with a flashpoint below 110TF. shall not be used within a building for washing parts or removing grease or dirt unless they are used in a closed machine approved for the purpose or in a separate well -ventilated room constructed in accordance with Section 79.804. Waste Petroleum Products and Flammable or Combustible Liquids Sec. 79.112. Flammable or combustible liquids or any waste liquid containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be discharged into or upon any street, highway, drainage canal or ditch, storm drain, sewer or flood -control channel, lake or tidal waterway, or upon the ground. 207 79.113-79.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Sources of Ignition Sec. 79.113. In locations where flammable vapors may be present, precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition by eliminating or controlling sources of ignition. Abandonment and Status of Tanks Sec. 79.114. (a) Permits. For permits to remove, abandon, place temporarily out of service or otherwise dispose of any flammable or combustible liquid tank, see Section 4.101. (b) Tanks Temporarily Out of Service. Tanks temporarily out of service shall have the fill line, gage opening and pump connection secured against tampering. Vent lines shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with the require- ments of this article for vent lines. (c) Tanks Out of Service 90 Days. Any tank not used for a period of 90 days shall be properly safeguarded or removed in a manner approved by the chief. Tanks which are to be placed back in service shall be tested in a manner approved by the chief. (d) Aboveground Tanks Out of Service One Year. Any aboveground tank which has been abandoned for a period of one year shall be removed from the property in a manner approved by the chief. (e) Underground Tanks Out of Service One Year. Any underground tank which has been abandoned for a period of one year shall be either removed from the ground and the hole properly filled or such tank may be abandoned in place and safeguarded in a manner and with material approved by the chief. (f) Reinstallation of Tanks. Tanks which are to be reinstalled for flammable or combustible liquid service shall comply with all of the provisions of this article. See Division VI of this article. Fire Protection Sec. 79.115. Fire protection for the storage, transportation and dispensing of flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Article 10 except as otherwise provided in this article. Division II CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE INSIDE BUILDINGS General Sec. 79.201. (a) Scope. This division shall apply to the storage of flammable and combustible liquids in drums or other containers not exceeding 60-gallon individual capacity and the storage of portable tanks not exceeding 660-gallon individual capacity. For the purpose of this article, flammable aerosols and unstable liquids shall be treated as Class I -A liquids. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, aircraft, boats, or portable or stationary engines. 208 1985 EDITION 79.201 2. Alcoholic beverages in retail sales or storage uses, provided the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. 3. Medicines, foodstuffs and cosmetics, containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water -miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being flammable, in retail sales or storage uses when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. 4. The storage of liquids that have no fire point when tested in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 9-6. 5. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks. Portable tanks exceeding 660 gallons shall comply with Division V. (b) Reactive Materials. Materials which will react with water or other liquids to produce a hazard shall not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids. (c) Empty Containers. The storage of empty tanks and containers previously used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, shall be as specified for the storage of flammable liquids. Tanks and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings. (d) Storage Near Exits. Class I, II or III -A liquids shall not be stored (including stock for sale) near exit doorways, stairways, nor in a location that would impede egress. (e) Quantities Allowed Within Specified Buildings. Storage of Class I, II or III -A liquids in buildings in quantities in excess of those listed in this subsection shall be within inside liquid storage rooms, liquid storage rooms, liquid storage Warehouses, dispensing rooms or mixing rooms constructed as required for Group H, Division 2 Occupancies. Class I -A liquids shall not be stored in basement areas. In addition to these requirements, see requirements for permits, Section 79.103. Amounts permitted shall be stored in approved containers, approved locations, and shall be limited in accordance with the following: 1. In assembly buildings, hotels, apartment houses, one- and two-family dwellings and lodging houses, storage is prohibited. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons for maintenance pur- poses and operation of equipment when stored in approved containers and located in a private garage or approved locations. 2. Storage in excess of 10 gallons that is used for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment when stored in cabinets which comply with Section 79.201 (g). 2. Educational, institutional and offices: (i) Amount limited to that required for maintenance, operations, demonstra- tion, treatment and laboratory work. (ii) Storage in excess of 10 gallons shall be in storage cabinets which comply with Section 79.201 (g). Wholesale and retail stores: (i) In rooms or areas accessible to the public, storage shall be limited to quantities needed for display and normal merchandising purposes but shall 209 79.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE not exceed 2 gallons per square foot of floor area actually being used for merchandising Class I-B, I-C, II or III -A liquids. Storage of Class I -A liquids shall be prohibited in basements and limited to 1 gallon per square foot on other floors. EXCEPTION: In areas not protected with automatic sprinklers installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 for extra -hazardous occupancy, the storage of Classes I-B, I-C and II liquids other than on the ground floor shall be limited to 1 gallon per square foot of floor area actually being used for merchandis- ing liquids. The maximum quantity permitted shall be determined by using only that floor area actually occupied by liquid merchandise, including any con- tiguous aisle space. The manner of storage shall be in accordance with Subsection (f) of this section. Dispensing shall be in accordance with Division VIII. (ii) In rooms or areas not accessible to the public, storage shall not exceed the greater of 2 gallons per square foot of floor area actually being used for the storage of Class I-B, I-C, II or III -A liquids, or 120 gallons of Class I-B, 180 gallons of Class I-C, 240 gallons of Class II or 660 gallons of Class III - A liquids, or 240 gallons in any combination of Class I and Class II liquids, subject to the limitations of the individual class. Storage of Class I -A liquids shall be prohibited in basements and limited to 1 gallon per square foot or 60 gallons, whichever is greater, on other floors. EXCEPTION: In areas not protected with automatic sprinklers installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 for extra -hazardous occupancy, the storage of Classes I-B, I-C and II liquids other than on the ground floor shall be limited to 1 gallon per square foot of floor area actually being used for merchandis- ing liquids. The maximum quantity permitted shall be determined by using only that floor area actually occupied by liquid merchandise, including any con- tiguous aisle space. Quantities exceeding these limitations shall be stored in an approved liquid storage room or liquid warehouse in accordance with Sections 79.202 and 79.203. The manner of storage shall be in accordance with Subsection (f) of this section. Dispensing shall be in accordance with Division VIII. (iii) Classes I, II and III -A liquids in excess of 10 gallons that are used for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment shall be stored in cabinets which comply with Section 79.201 (g). 4. Miscellaneous industrial buildings: (i) Storage shall not exceed 60 gallons of Class I -A, 120 gallons of Class I-B, 180 gallons of Class I-C, 240 gallons of Class II or 660 gallons of Class III - A liquids, or 240 gallons in any combination of Class I and Class II liquids, subject to the limitations of the individual class. EXCEPTION: Class I -A liquids shall not be stored in basements. For water -miscible liquids or for areas protected with automatic sprin- 210 1985 EDITION 79.201 klers installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 for extra - hazard occupancies, the quantities may be doubled. Quantities exceeding these limitations shall be stored in an approved inside liquid storage room or liquid storage warehouse in accordance with Section 79.202 or 79.203. The manner of storage shall be in accordance with Subsection (f) of this section. Dispensing shall be in accordance with Division VIII. (ii) Classes I, II and III -A liquids in excess of 10 gallons that are used for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment shall be stored in cabinets which comply with Section 79.201 (g). (f) Manner of Storage in Wholesale and Retail Stores and Miscellaneous Industrial Buildings. In wholesale and retail stores and miscellaneous industrial buildings, liquid storage not exceeding the quantities set forth in Section 79.201 (e), Items Nos. 3 and 4, shall be in accordance with the provisions of this subsection. Containers under 30-gallon capacity shall not be stacked more than 3 feet or two containers high, whichever is greater, unless on fixed shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured. Containers over 30 gallons shall not be stored more than one container high. All containers shall be stored in an upright position. Shelving shall be of stable construction, of sufficient depth and of such arrangement that containers displayed thereon will not be easily displaced. Piles shall be not closer than 3 feet to the nearest beam, chord, girder or other obstruction and shall be 3 feet below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water spray or other overhead fire -protection systems. In areas that are not accessible to the public, Classes I, I1 and III -A liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or rack section as ordinary combustible com- modities except when they are packaged together as kits. Leaking containers shall be taken to a safe location in an area not accessible to the public and the contents transferred to an undamaged container. (g) Storage Cabinets. 1. General. When provisions of this code require that liquid containers be stored in storage cabinets, such cabinets and storage shall be in accordance with this section. Cabinets shall be conspicuously labeled in red letters on contrasting background FLAMMABLE —KEEP FIRE AWAY. 2. Quantities. The quantity of Class I or Class II liquids shall not exceed 60 gallons and the total quantities of all liquids in a storage cabinet shall not exceed 120 gallons. 3. Construction. Cabinets may be constructed of wood or metal. Cabinets shall be listed or constructed in accordance with the following: A. Unlisted metal cabinets. Metal cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness of not less than 0.043 inch. The cabinet, including the door, shall be double walled with 1 1/2-inch airspace between the walls. Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall be tight fitting. Doors shall be well fitted, self -closing and equipped with a latching device. The bottom of the cabinet shall be liquid -tight to a height of at least 2 inches. 211 79.201-79.203 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B. Wooden cabinets. Wooden cabinets including the doors shall be of not less than 1-inch Exterior grade plywood. All joints shall be fastened in two directions with wood screws. Doors shall be well fitted, self -closing and equipped with a latch. The bottom of the cabinet shall be liquid -tight to a height of at least 2 inches. Cabinets shall be painted with an intumescent -type paint. 4. Location. Not more than three cabinets shall be located in the same room. EXCEPTION: Cabinets in groups not exceeding three may be located in the same room, provided they are spaced from other cabinets not less than 100 feet. Inside Liquid Storage Room Sec. 79.202. (a) General. Inside liquid storage rooms shall comply with all the requirements of Section 79.203 and this section. (b) Construction. The construction of inside liquid storage rooms shall be in accordance with the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy. (c) Limited Area. Inside liquid storage rooms shall not exceed 500 square feet in area and shall be separated from other areas by occupancy separations having a fire -resistive rating not less than one hour for rooms up to 150 square feet in area and not less than two hours where the room is more than 150 square feet in area. Separations from other occupancies shall be not less than required by Table No. 5- B of the Building Code. Liquid Storage Rooms Sec. 79.203. (a) General. Quantities of liquids exceeding those set forth in Section 79.201 shall be within a room complying with the requirements of this section. Such rooms shall be classified as a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy. Liquid storage rooms shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 and Tables Nos. 79.200- C, 79.200-D-1 and 79.200-D-2. In -rack sprinklers shall also comply with U.F.C. Standard No. 81-2. For in -rack sprinklers, alternate lines shall be staggered and multiple levels of sprinkler heads shall be provided with water shields unless separated by horizontal barriers or unless the sprinkler heads are listed for such installations. Racks with solid shelves shall be provided with in -rack sprinklers at every tier or level. Automatic foam -water systems and automatic aqueous film -forming foam - water sprinkler systems may be used when approved by the chief. All liquid storage rooms shall be provided with adequate drainage. Drainage systems shall be sized and designed to carry off any anticipated spill, plus the minimum calculated fire flow of the sprinkler system to a safe location. If connected to a public drain or sewer system, a clarifier shall be installed. (b) Construction. The construction of liquid storage rooms shall be in accor- dance with the Building Code and have a minimum of one exterior wall. (c) Dispensing or Mixing. Liquids shall not be dispensed or mixed in liquid storage rooms unless such rooms comply with the electrical, heating and ventila- tion requirements in Division VIII. (d) Quantities and Arrangement of Storage. 1. General. The quantities and 212 1985 EDITION 79.203-79.204 arrangements of liquid storage shall be in accordance with Table No. 79.200-A or 79.200-B, as applicable, and this section. 2. Mixed storage. When two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single pile or single rack section, the maximum quantities permitted in the pile or rack section shall be the smallest of the two or more separate maximum quantities. 3. Separation and aisles. Storage shall be arranged in piles or racks in accordance with Table No. 79.200-A or 79.200-B. Piles shall be separated from each other by at least 4-foot aisles. Aisles shall be provided so that no container is more than 12 feet from an aisle. Where the storage of liquids is on racks, a minimum 4-foot-wide aisle shall be provided between adjacent rows of racks and adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 feet wide. Aisles shall be provided for access to doors, required windows or ventilation openings, standpipe connections, mechanical equipment, switches, etc. Such aisles may be 3 feet in width, provided they are not required for separation of piles or racks. 4. Stabilizing and supports for storage. Containers and piles shall be sepa- rated by pallets or dunnage to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress to container walls. Portable tanks stored over one tier high shall be designed to nest securely without dunnage. See Section 2.303 (b) for requirements on portable tank design. Shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay and similar installations shall be of noncombustible construction or of wood not less than f- inch nominal thickness. Adequate materials -handling equipment shall be avail- able to handle tanks safely at upper tier levels. Liquid Storage Warehouses Sec. 79.204. (a) General. Buildings used for storage of flammable or combus- tible liquids exceeding the quantities set forth in Section 79.201 or 79.203 shall comply with the provisions of this section. Such buildings shall be classified as a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy and shall comply with the requirements of the Building Code for such occupancy. (b) Sprinker Systems. Liquid storage warehouses shall be protected by auto- matic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 and Tables Nos. 79.200-C, 79.200-D-1, 79.200-D-2 and 79.200-D-3. For in - rack sprinklers, alternate lines shall be staggered and multiple levels of sprinkler heads shall be provided with water shields unless separated by horizontal barriers or unless the sprinkler heads are listed for such installations. Racks with solid shelves shall be provided with in -rack sprinklers at every tier or level. Automatic foam -water systems or automatic aqueous film -forming foam -water sprinkler systems may be used when approved by the chief. All liquid storage warehouses shall be provided with adequate drainage. Drainage systems shall be sized and designed to carry off any anticipated spill, plus the minimum calculated fire flow of the sprinkler system to a safe location. If connected to a public drain or sewer system, a clarifier shall be installed. (c) Storage Arrangement. The total quantities of liquids in a liquid storage warehouse shall not be limited, but the arrangement of storage shall be in accordance with Table No. 79.200-A or 79.200-B, as appropriate. Piles and aisles shall be in accordance with Section 79.203 (d) 3. Adequate materials -handling 213 79.204-79.205 UNIFORM FIRE CODE equipment shall be available to handle tanks safely at upper tier levels. Containers and piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress to container walls. Portable tanks stored over one tier high shall be designed to nest securely without dunnage. Shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay and similar installations shall be of noncombustible construction or of wood not less than 1-inch nominal thickness. (d) Mixed Storage. When two or more classes of liquids are stored in a pile, the maximum quantities permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate maximum quantities, and the height of storage permitted in that pile shall be the least of the two or more separate heights as given in Table No. 79.200-A or 79.200-B, as applicable. When two or more classes of liquids are stored in the same rack, the maximum height of storage permitted shall be the least of the two or more separate heights given in Table No. 79.200-B. Fin: Protection Sec. 79.205. (a) Portable Fire Extinguishers. 1. Type. Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided as specified by U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1, except as specified herein. 2. Size and location. At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 feet nor more than 50 feet from any Class I or Class H liquid storage area located outside of a liquid storage room. At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located outside of but not more than 10 feet from the door opening into a liquid storage room. (b) Warehouse Hose Lines. In liquid storage warehouses, either 1'h-inch lined or 1-inch hard rubber hand hose lines installed in accordance with Article 10 shall be provided in sufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas. (c) Water Supply. The water supply shall be sufficient to meet the specified fine -protection demand, including at least 500 gallons per minute for inside and outside hose lines. 214 J co co v TABLE NO.79.200-A-STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PALLETIZED OR SOLID -PILE STORAGE 0 IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS z MAXIMUM QUANTITY (GALLONS) MAXIMUM QUANTITY GALLONS) MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT (FEET) PER PILE PER ROOM CLASS STORAGE LEVEL DRUMS Containers Portable Tanks Containers Portable Tanks Containers Portable Tanks Ground floor 1 5 - 3,000 - 12,000 - I -A Upper floors 1 5 - 2,000 - 8,000 - Basements 0 Not permitted Not permitted - - - - Ground floor 1 6'h 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 I-B Upper floors 1 6'h 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements 0 Not permitted Not permitted - - - - Ground floor 1 6'/22 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 I-C Upper floors 1 6'h2 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements 0 Not permitted Not permitted - - - - Ground floor 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 H Upper floors 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 Basements 1 5 7 7,500 20,000 7,500 20,000 Ground floor 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 III Upper floors 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 Basements 1 3 10 7 10,000 20,000 25,000 40,000 'See Section 79.204 (a) for unlimited quantities in liquid warehouses. 2These height limitations may be increased to 10 feet if containers have capacity of 5 gallons or less. m N O O 79.200-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.79.200-B—STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS MAXIMUM STORAGE MAXIMUM QUANTITY STORAGE HEIGHT (FEET) (GALLONS) PER ROOM Containers Containers CLASS TYPE RACK LEVEL Ground Double Row floor 25 7,500 I -A or Upper floors 15 4,500 Single Row Basements Not permitted — Ground I-B Double Row floor 25 15,000 or Upper floors 15 9,000 I-C Single row Basements Not permitted — Ground Double Row floor 25 24,000 II or Upper floors 25 24,000 Single Row Basements 15 9,000 Multirow Ground 40 48,000 III Double Row Floor 20 48,000 or Single Upper floors — — Row Basements 20 , 24,000 216 TABLE NO.79.200-C—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR SOLID -PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS O IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKSf Z STORAGE CONDITIONS CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND MINIMUM HOSE STREAM MINIMUM DURATION Density Area Area (sq. ft.) High Ordinary Class Container Size gpm/ Spacin. DEMAND SPRINKLERS & Liquid and Arrangement sq. ft. Temp. Temp. (sq. ft. (gpm) HOSE STREAMS (hrs.) 5 gal. or less, with/without cartons, palletized or solid pile 0.30 3000 5000 100 750 Flammable aerosols in cartons, I -A palletized or solid pile 0.30 6000 10,000 100 1000 2 Containers greater than 5 gal., on end or side, palletized or 0.60 5000 8000 80 750 solid pile I-B, 5 gal. or less, with/without 0.30 3000 5000 100 I-C, cartons, palletized or solid pile 500 2 Containers greater than 5 gal. 0.25 5000 8000 100 & II on pallets or solid pile, one high Containers greater than 5 gal. II on pallets or solid pile, more 0.60 5000 8000 80 750 2 than one high on end or side I-B, I-C, II Portable tanks, one high 0.30 3000 5000 100 500 2 II Portable tanks, two high 0.60 5000 8000 80 750 2 (Continued) N J TABLE NO.79.200-C—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR SOLID -PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS' —(Continued) STORAGE CONDMONS CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND MINIMUM HOSE STREAM MINIMUM DURATION Density Area Area (sq. ft.) High Ordinary Class Container Size gpm/ Spacl DEMAND SPRINKLERS & Liquid and Arrangement sq. ft. Temp. Temp. t (sq. ft.? (gpm) HOSE STREAMS (hra.) 5 gal. or less, with/without 0.25 3000 5000 120 500 1 cartons, palletized or solid pile Containers greater than 5 gal., on pallets or solid pile, on 0.25 3000 5000 120 500 1 end or sides, up to three high III Containers greater than 5 gal., on pallets or solid pile, on 0.35 3000 5000 100 750 2 end or sides up to 18 feet high Portable tanks, one high 0.25 3000 5000 120 500 1 Portable tanks, two high 0.50 3000 5000 80 750 2 c IThe design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class -I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be Z g P P 1>e Y P Pe Y PP �t increased by 30 percent without revising density. 00 m 0 0 0 m TABLE NO. 79.200-D-1 —AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS1 IN CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETS OR WITHOUT CARTONS BUT STRAPPED TO PALLETS2 CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN MIN. & DEMAND IN -RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. DURATION Density Area (sq. ft) Racks over 9 ft. Min. Number of HOSE STREAM SPRINKLER & HOSE High Ord. CLASS gpm/ Max. Racks up to 9 ft. (2.7m) to 12 ft. Nozzle Sprinklers DEMAND STREAM LIQUID sq. ft. Temp. Temp. Spacing (2.7m) deep (3.7m) deep Pressure Operating (gpm) (hrs.) (a) ord. temp. sprin- (a) ord. temp. sprin- (a) 8 sprinklers if klers 8 feet apart klers 8 feet apart hori- only one level horizontally zontally (b) 6 sprinklers (b) one line sprinklers (b) two lines sprin- ea. on two levels above each level of klers above each level if only two levels I 0.40 3000 5000 80 sq storage of storage 30 psi (c) 6 sprinklers 750 2 (max . (c) locate in longitudi- (c) locate in trans- ea. on top 3 lev- 25 ft. nal flue space, stag- verse flue spaces, els, if 3 or more height) gered vertical staggered vertical and levels (d) shields required within 20 in. of aisle (d) hydraulically where multilevel (d) shields required most remote where multilevel (Continued) N N TABLE NO. 79.200-D-1 —AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESSf IN CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETS OR WITHOUT CARTONS BUT STRAPPED TO PALLETS"Continued) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN MIN. Q DEMAND IN -RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. DURATION DensityRacks Area (sq. ft) over 9 ft. Min. Number of HOSE STREAM SPRINKLER & HOSE High Ord. CLASS gpm/ Max. Racks up to 9 ft. (27m) to 12 ft. Nozzle Sprinklers DEMAND STREAM LIGUID sq. ft. Temp. Temp. Spacing (2.7m) deep (i7m) deep Pressure Operating (gpm) (hra.) (a) ord. temp. sprin- (a) ord. temp. sprin- klers 8 feet apart klers 8 feet apart hori- horizontally zontally (b) one line sprinklers (b) two lines between (a) hydraulically between levels at levels at nearest 10 most remote — 6 0.30 3000 5000 100 sq. nearest 10 foot verti- foot vertical intervals 30 psi sprinklers at each 750 2 II ft./hd. cal intervals (c) locate in trans- level, up to max. (max. (c) locate in longitudi- verse flue spaces, of three levels 25 ft. nal flue space, stag- staggered vertical and height) gered vertical within 20 in. of aisle (d) shields required (d) shields required where multilevel where multilevel III 0.25 3000 5000 120 sq. ft./hd. Same as Class II Same as Class II 30 psi Same as Class II 500 2 man [Flammable aerosols not included. 2The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. TABLE NO.79.200-D-2—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITY' CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN MIN. & DEMAND IN -RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. DURATION Density Area (sq ft) On -end Storage Min. Number of HOSE STREAM SPRINKLER 6 HOSE High Ord. CLASS gpm/ Max. Onside Storage (on pallets) up to Nozzle Sprinklers DEMAND STREAM LIQUID sq. ft. Temp. Temp. Spacing Racks up to 9 ft. 9 ft. deep racks ssu Operating (gpm) (hrs.) (a) ord. temp. sprin- (a) ord. temp. sprin- klers 8 feet apart klers 8 feet apart hori- horizontally zontally (b) one line sprinklers (b) one line sprinklers (a) hydraulically most remote 6 80 sq. above each tier of above each tier of sprinklers at each I -A 0.60 3000 5000 ft./hd. storage storage 30 psi level 1000 2 (max, (c) locate in longitudi- (c) locate in longitudi- 25 ft. nal flue space, stag- nal flue space, stag - height) gered vertical gered vertical (d) shields required (d) shields required where multilevel where multilevel (a) see (a) above (a) see (a) above I-B, I-C & II (b) one line sprinklers (b) see (b) above ( every three tiers of (c) see (c) above ft. 0.60 3000 5000 ft�/hd storage (d) see (d) above 30 psi (a) see (a) above 750 2 height) (c) see (c) above (d) see (d) above (Continued) TABLE NO.79.200-D-2—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITY —(Continued) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN MIN. & DEMAND IN -RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. DURATION DensityOn-end Area (sq. ft.)HOSE Storage Min. Number of STREAM SPRINKLER & HOSE CLASS Max. On -side Storage (on pallets) up to Nozzle Sprinklers DEMAND STREAM gpm/ High Ord. LIQUID sq. ft. Temp. Temp. Spacing Rocks up to 9 ri. 9 ft. deep racks ressu Operating (gpm) (hrs.) (a) see (a) above (a) see (a) above III (b) one line sprinklers (b) one line sprinklers (max • 120 sq, every sixth level every third level 40-ft. 0.25 3000 5000 ft./hd. (maximum) (maximum) 15 psi (a) see (a) above 500 1 height) (c) see (c) above (c) see (c) above (d) see (d) above (d) see (d) above 'The design contemplates the use of a Class II standpipe system. Where a Class I standpipe system is used, the area of application shall be increased ' C Z by 30 percent without revising density. O M 3 M M n O v rn �o tJl rn TABLE NO.79.200-D-3—AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION', 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS3 a IN CONTAINERS O z CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN R DEMAND IN -RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND4 Area (sq. „.) Minimum Number of HOSE DURATION DURATION High Ord. CLASS Density On -end Storage of Drums Nozzle Sprinklers STREAM AFFF WATER LIOUID pm/sq. ft Temp. Temp. (on Pallets) up to 25 ft. Pressure Operating DEMANDS SUPPLY SUPPLY I -A, I-B, 0.30 1500 2500 (a) ord. temp. sprinkler up 30 psi Three 500 15 min. 2 hrs. I-C, 1I to 10 feet apart sprinklers horizontally per level (b) one line sprinklers above each level of storage (c) locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertically (d) Shields required for multilevel 'System shall be a closed head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film -forming foam (AFFF). 2 Except as modified herein, in -rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 81-2. 31"lammable aerosols not included. 4The height of storage shall not exceed 25 feet. 51-lose stream demand includes inside hand hose (1'/2 inches) required in Division XV. 79.301-79.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Division III STATIONARY TANK STORAGE INSIDE BUILDINGS General Sec. 79.301. (a) Scope. This division applies only to the storage of flammable and combustible liquids in stationary tanks in buildings. (b) Where Allowed. Stationary tanks for the storage of Class I, II or III -A liquids may be installed in industrial plants, chemical plants, distilleries, service stations, processing plants, bulk plants and refineries when in rooms or buildings constructed and separated as required in the Building Code for Group H, Division 2 Occupancies or for fuel storage for emergency and standby power systems when approved by the chief. (c) Tank Design and Construction. The design, fabrication and construction of tanks shall be in accordance with Section 79.105. (d) Tank Supports. Tanks shall be securely supported to prevent settling, sliding or lifting and shall comply with the requirements of the Building Code. Steel supports or piling for tanks storing Class I, II or III -A liquids shall have a fire -resistance rating of not less than two hours, except that solid web steel saddles need not be protected if less than 12 inches high at their lowest point. At the discretion of the chief, water -spray protection in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-2, or U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1, or equivalent, may be used. Where a tank is located in an area that may be subjected to flooding, the applicable precautions in Appendix II-B shall apply. (e) Testing. Prior to being put into service, tanks shall be tested in accordance with nationally recognized design standards. Tank Connections Sec. 79.302. (a) Normal Venting. 1. General. Atmospheric storage tanks shall be adequately vented to prevent the development of either positive or negative pressure that exceeds the design pressure of such tanks as a result of filling, emptying or atmospheric temperature changes. Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels shall be adequately vented to prevent development of pressure or vacuum as a result of filling or emptying and atmospheric temperature changes from exceeding the design pressure of the tank or vessel. Protection shall also be provided to prevent overpressure from any pump discharging into the tank or vessel when the pump discharge pressure can exceed the design pressure of the tank or vessel. If any tank or pressure vessel has more than one fill or withdrawal connection and simultaneous filling or withdrawal can be made, the vent size shall be based on the maximum anticipated simultaneous flow. Tank -venting systems shall be provided with sufficient capacity to prevent blowback of vapor or liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled. Vent pipes shall be not less than 11/4-inch nominal inside diameter. The capacity of the vent shall be based on the filling or withdrawal rate, whichever is greater, and the vent line length. Unrestricted vent piping sized in accordance with Table No. 224 1985 EDITION 79.302 79.302 may be used to prevent back -pressure development in tanks from exceed- ing 2.5 psig. Where tank -venting devices are installed in vent lines, their flow capacities shall be determined in accordance with nationally recognized engineer- ing standards. See Section 2.303 (b). TABLE NO. 79.302—VENT LINE DIAMETERS MAXIMUM FLOW GPM PIPE LENGTH1 50 FEET 100 FEET 200 FEET 100 1 %4-inch I %4-inch I %4-inch 200 1 �/4-inch 1 %4-inch 1 %4-inch 300 1 %4-inch I A -inch 1 h-inch 400 1 %4-inch 1 �6-inch 2-inch 500 1'/z-inch 1 �/z-inch 2-inch 600 1'/z-inch 2-inch 2-inch 700 2-inch 2-inch 2-inch 800 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch 900 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch 1000 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch 'Vent lines of 50 feet, 100 feet and 200 feet of pipe plus seven ells. Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class I -A liquids shall be equipped with approved venting devices which shall be normally closed except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions. Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class I-B and Class I-C liquids shall be equipped with approved venting devices which will be normally closed, except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions or with approved flame arresters. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Venting devices and flame arresters may be omitted from Class I-13 and Class I-C liquids where conditions are such that their use may, in case of obstruction, result in tank damage. Liquid properties justifying the omission of such devices include, but are not limited to, condensation, corrosiveness, crystallization, polymerization, freezing or plugging. When any of these conditions exist, consideration may be given to heating, use of devices employing special materials of construction, the use of liquid seals or inerting in accordance with nationally recognized engineering standards for explosion -prevention systems. See Section 2.303 (b). 2. Vent pipes 2 inches or less in nominal inside diameter and longer than 10 feet. 3. Tanks storing gasoline are exempt from the above requirements, provided the vent pipes do not exceed 3 inches nominal inside diameter. All vent line flame arresters and venting devices shall be installed in accor- dance with their listings. 2. Location and arrangement of vents. Vent pipes from tanks storing Class I, 225 79.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE II or III -A liquids shall terminate outside of the building at a point not less than 8 feet above the fill pipe opening and not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground level. Vent pipes shall discharge vertically or horizontally in order to disperse vapors and shall be arranged so that flammable vapors will not enter the building openings, be trapped under eaves or other obstructions, nor discharge into hazardous locations. Vent lines shall not terminate within 5 feet of openings into a building nor within 5 feet of a property line that may be built upon. Vent lines from tanks shall not be used for other purposes except when approved by the chief. 3. Installation of vent piping. Vent piping shall be installed in accordance with Division VII, "Piping, Valves and Fittings." Vent pipes shall be installed so as to drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. Vent pipes shall be installed in such a manner as to be not subject to physical damage or vibration. 4. Manifolding. The manifolding of tank vent piping shall be avoided except where required for special purposes such as vapor recovery, vapor conservation or air pollution control. When tank vent piping is manifolded, pipe sizes shall be such as to discharge, within the pressure limitations of the system, the vapors they may be required to handle when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire exposure. Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class 1I or Class III liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids to prevent contamination and possible change in classification of the less volatile liquid. (b) Emergency Relief Venting. 1. General. Every stationary tank located inside a building shall be equipped with adequate additional venting that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by exposure to fires in accordance with Subsection 2 below. Discharge from emergency vents shall be to the outside of the building in accordance with the provisions of Section 79.302 (a) 2. 2. Emergency vent capacity. Where entire dependence for emergency relief is placed upon pressure -relieving devices, the total venting capacity of both normal and emergency vents shall be enough to prevent rupture of the shell or bottom of the tank, if vertical, or of the shell or heads, if horizontal. If unstable liquids are stored, the effects of heat or gas resulting from polymerization, decomposition, condensation or self -reactivity shall be taken into account. The total capacity of both normal and emergency venting devices shall be not less than that derived from Division V, Section 79.510 (b), "Emergency Relief Venting for Fire Exposure for Aboveground Tanks." Said device or devices shall be approved relief or pressure/vacuum venting devices or other devices approved by the chief. (c) Tank Openings Other than Vents. 1. General. Connections for all tank openings shall be liquid tight. All openings to tanks shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 10 feet away from any building opening or property line that may be built upon. Such 226 1985 EDITION 79.302-79.303 openings shall be provided with a liquid -tight cap which shall be closed when not in use and shall be properly identified. For top -loaded tanks, a metallic fill pipe shall be designed and installed to minimize the generation of static electricity by terminating the pipe within 6 inches of the bottom of the tank and it shall be installed to avoid excessive vibration. 2.Openings for manual gaging. Openings for manual gaging, if independent of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a liquid -tight cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not in use. Each such opening shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring -loaded check valve or other approved device. 3. Openings for vapor recovery. Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected against possible vapor release by means of a spring -loaded check valve or dry -break connections, or other approved device, unless the opening is pipe connected to a vapor -processing system. Openings designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line to the fill pipe simul- taneously connects the vapor -recovery line. All connections shall be vaportight. 4. Auxiliary opening protection. Each connection to a tank inside of build- ings through which liquid can normally flow shall be provided with an internal or an external valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank. Tanks for storage of Class I or Class II liquids inside buildings shall be provided with either: (i) A normally closed remotely activated valve, or (ii) An automatic -closing heat -activated valve, or (iii) An approved device on each liquid -transfer connection below the liquid level, except for connections used for emergency disposal, to provide for quick cutoff of flow in the event of fire in the vicinity of the tank. This function can be incorporated in the valve required by Section 79.302 (c) 4 and, if a separate valve, shall be located adjacent to the valve required in Section 79.302 (c) 4. 5. Overflow protection. Tanks storing Classes 1, II and III -A liquids inside buildings shall be equipped with a device, or other means shall be provided, to prevent overflow into the building. Suitable devices include, but are not limited to, a float valve, a preset meter on the fill line, a valve actuated by the weight of the tank contents, a low head pump which is incapable of producing overflow or a liquid -tight overflow pipe at least one pipe size larger than the fill pipe discharg- ing by gravity back to the outside source of liquid or to an approved location. 6. Piping, valves and fittings. All connections, fittings or other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Division VII, "Piping, Valves and Fittings." Fire Protection Sec. 79.303. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. 227 79.401-79.403 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Division IV CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE OUTSIDE BUILDINGS General Sec. 79.401. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers or portable tanks outside of buildings shall be in accordance with this division. For permits, see Section 4.101. Plans Sec. 79.402. Plans shall be submitted with each application for a permit to store more than 5000 gallons of liquids in drums or tanks. The plans shall indicate the methods of storage, quantities to be stored, distances from buildings and property lines, access ways, fire -protection facilities and provisions for drainage and runoff. Storage shall be in accordance with approved plans. Location on Property Sec. 79.403.Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Table No. 79.403. Storage of liquids may be near buildings located on the same property, provided such storage is in accordance with Section 79.404 and this section. When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum quantity permitted in the pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate maximum quantities. Containers or portable tanks in a pile shall be not more than 150 feet from a 20- foot-wide access way that will allow fire -control apparatus to approach the pile. The storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage. Materials which will react with water or other liquids to produce a hazard shall not be stored in the same area with flammable and combustible liquids. 228 O TABLE NO.79.403—OUTDOOR LIQUID STORAGE IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS Z CLASS CONTAINER STORAGE —MAX. PER PILE PORTABLE TANK STORAGE MAX. PER PILE GALLONS' DISTANCE BETWEEN PILES OR RACKS (Ft.) DISTANCE TO PROPERTY LINE THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON 2.3 (Ft.) DISTANCE TO STREET, ALLEY OR A PUBLIC WAY 3 (Ft.) Gellons',4 Height (Ft.) Gallons'.' Height (Ft.) I -A 1,100 10 2,200 7 5 50 10 I-B 2,200 12 4,400 14 5 50 t0 I-C 4,400 12 8,800 14 5 50 10 II 8,800 12 17,600 14 5 25 5 III 22,000 18 44,000 14 5 10 5 'For mixed class storage, see Section 79.403. 21f protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams is not available, the distance shall be doubled. 3When the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile, the distances may be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 feet. 4For storage in racks, the quantity limits per pipe do not apply, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 feet in length and two rows or 9 feet in depth. V <0 A O W 79.404-79.409 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Container and Tank Storage Near Buildings on the Same Property Sec. 79.404. A maximum of 1100 gallons of liquids in closed containers and portable tanks may be stored adjacent to a building located on the same premises and under the same management, provided that: 1. The building does not exceed one story in height. Such building shall be of fire -resistive construction with noncombustible exterior surfaces or non- combustible construction and must be devoted principally to the storage of liquids, or 2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the storage area shall have a fire - resistance rating of not less than two hours, having no opening to above - grade areas within 10 feet horizontally of such storage and no openings to below -grade areas within 50 feet horizontally of such storage. The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in accordance with Item No. 2 above may exceed 1100 gallons, provided the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 1100 gallons and each pile is separated by a 10-foot minimum clear space along the common wall. Where the quantity stored exceeds the 1100 gallons permitted adjacent to the building given in Item No. 1 above, or the provisions of Item No. 2 cannot be met, a minimum distance in accordance with the column for distance to property line that can be built upon in Table No. 79.403 shall be maintained between buildings and nearest container or portable tank. Drainage Sec. 79.405. The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings or other exposures or shall be surrounded by a curb at least 6 inches high. When curbs are used, provisions shall be made for draining of accumulations of groundwater or rainwater or spills of liquids. Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire conditions. Fencing and Maintenance Sec. 79.406. Storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers by fencing or other control measures. The area shall be kept free of weeds, debris and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage. A distance of not less than 15 feet shall be maintained between the liquid storage and combustible material. Ignition Sources Sec. 79.407. Signs shall be posted in the storage areas prohibiting open flames and smoking. Outside Dispensing Sec. 79.408. Outside dispensing shall be in approved locations. See Division VIII. Empty Containers and Tanks Storage Sec. 79.409. The storage of empty tanks and containers previously used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, 230 1985 EDITION 79.409-79.503 shall be stored as if filled. Tanks and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings. Fire Protection Sec. 79.410. Fire protection for outside storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 10. Division V STATIONARY TANK STORAGE, ABOVEGROUND OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS Restricted Locations Sec. 79.501. The storage of Class I and Class II liquids in aboveground tanks outside of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited. Design and Construction of Tanks Sec. 79.502. Tanks shall be designed, fabricated and tested in accordance with Section 79.105. EXCEPTION: Existing oil storage reservoirs with concrete lining and with a combustible roof covering and built prior to the adoption of this section may be continued for the storage of petroleum products with a flash point in excess of 150°F. Location with Respect to Property Lines, Public Ways and Important Buildings on the Same Property Sec. 79.503. (a) Tanks for Pressures Not More Than 2.5 psig. Every aboveground tank for storage of Class I, II or III -A liquids and those liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids operating at pressures not in excess of 2.5 psig and designed with a weak roof -to -shell seam or equipped with emergency venting devices which will not permit pressures to exceed 2.5 psig shall be located in accordance with Table No. 79.503-A. EXCEPTION: Vertical tanks having a weak roof -to -shell seam and storing Class III -A liquids may be located at one half the distances specified in Table No. 79.503- A, provided the tanks are not within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing a Class I or Class II liquid. (b) Floating Roof Tank Defined. For the purpose of this division, a floating roof tank is defined as one which incorporates either: 1. A pontoon or double -deck metal floating roof in an open -top tank, or 2. A fixed metal roof with ventilation at the top and roof eaves and containing a metal floating roof or cover meeting any of the following requirements: A. A pontoon or double -deck metal floating roof. B. A metal floating cover supported by liquid -tight metal pontoons or floats which provide sufficient buoyancy to prevent sinking of cover when half of the pontoons or floats are punctured. An internal metal floating pan, roof or cover which does not meet the require- 231 79.503 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ments of Item No. 2 above or one which uses plastic foam (except for seals) for flotation, even if capsulated in metal or fiberglass, shall be considered as being a fixed roof tank. (c) Tanks for Pressures Exceeding 2.5 psig. Aboveground tanks for the storage of Class I, II or III -A liquids except those liquids with boilover charac- teristics and unstable liquids operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig or equip- ped with emergency venting which will permit pressures to exceed 2.5 psig shall be located in accordance with Table No. 79.503-B. (d) Tanks for Boilover Liquids. Aboveground tanks for storage of liquids with boilover characteristics shall be located in accordance with Table No. 79.503-C. Liquids with boilover characteristics shall not be stored in fixed roof tanks larger than 150 feet in diameter unless an approved inerting system is provided on the tank. (e) Tanks for Unstable Liquids. Every aboveground tank for the storage of unstable liquids shall be located in accordance with Table No. 79.503-D. (f) Tanks for Class HI-B Liquids. Every aboveground tank for the storage of Class III-B liquids, excluding unstable liquids, shall be located in accordance with Table No. 79.503-E, except when located within a diked area or drainage path for a tank or tanks storing a Class I or Class II liquid. When a Class III-B liquid storage tank is within the diked area or drainage path for a Class I or Class II liquid, Subsection 79.502 or the exception to Section 79.503 (a) shall apply. (g) Use of Open Space on Adjacent Property. Where two tank properties of diverse ownership have a common boundary, the chief may, with the written consent of the owners of the two properties, substitute the distances required in Subsections 79.503 (a) through (f) for the minimum distances specified in this section. (h) Direction of Horizontal Pressure Tanks. Where end failure of horizontal pressure tanks and vessels can expose property, the tank shall be placed with the longitudinal axis parallel to the nearest important exposure. 232 1985 EDITION 79.503-A TABLE NO.79.503-A—STABLE LIQUIDS (OPERATING PRESSURE 2.5 PSIG OR LESS) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT PUBLIC WAY OR FROM UPON, INCLUDING THE NEAREST IMPORTANT OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC BUILDING ON THE SAME WAY AND SHALL BE NOT PROPERTY AND SHALL BE TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION LESS THAN 5 FEET NOT LESS THAN 5 FEET Protection Floating for h times diameter of 1/6times diameter of Roof exposures 1 tank tank Diameter of tank but [See Sec. 79.503 (b)] None need not exceed 175 '/a times diameter of tank ank Approved foam or inerting Vertical system on 'h times diameter of '/6 times diameter of with tanks not tank tank weak exceeding roof- 150 feet in to- diameter2 shell protection seam for Diameter of tank /3 times diameter of [See Sec. exposures' ex tank 79.503 (a)] P 2 times diameter of tank '/3 times diameter None but need not exceed 350 of tank feet Approved Horizontal inerting and system on vertical the tank '/z times Table 'h times Table with or approved No. 79.503-F No. 79.503-F emer- foam gency system relief on vertical venting tanks to limit protection pressures to 2.5 psig for Table No. 79.503-F Table No. 79.503-F exposures' None 2 times Table No. 79.503-F Table No. 79.503-F 'Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid storage. 2For tanks over 150 feet in diameter use "Protection for exposures" or "None," as applicable. 233 79.503-B, 79.503-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.79.503-B—STABLE LIQUIDS OPERATING PRESSURE GREATER THAN 2.5 SIG) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT PUBLIC WAY OR FROM UPON, INCLUDING THE NEAREST IMPORTANT OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC BUILDING ON THE SAME TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION WAY PROPERTY Protection 1 %2 times Table No. 1 �6 times Table No. for 79.503-F but shall be 79.503-F but shall be Any type exposures' not less than 25 feet not less than 25 feet 3 times Table No. 1'h times Table No. None 79.503-F but shall be 79.503-F but shall be not less than 50 feet not If than 25 feet 'Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid storage. TABLE NO.79.503-C—BOILOVER LIQUIDS MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT PUBLIC WAY OR FROM UPON, INCLUDING THE NEAREST IMPORTANT OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC BUILDING ON THE SAME WAY AND SHALL BE NOT PROPERTY AND SHALL BE TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION LESS THAN 5 FEET NOT LESS THAN 5 FEET Protection Floating for '/2 times diameter of i/6 times diameter of roof exposures tank tank [Sse Sec. 79.503 (b)] None Diameter of tank %b times diameter of tank Approved foam or inerting Diameter of tank 'h times diameter of system tank Fixed Protection roof for 2 times diameter of tank 23 times diameter of [See Sec. exposures' tank 79.503 (c)] 4 times diameter of tank None but need not exceed 350 2/3 times diameter of feet tank 'Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid storage. 234 1985 EDITION TABLE NO.79.503-D—UNSTABLE LIQUIDS 79.503-D MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT PUBLIC WAY OR FROM UPON, INCLUDING THE NEAREST IMPORTANT OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC BUILDING ON THE SAME TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION WAY PROPERTY Horizontal and Tank pro- Table No. 79.503-F but Not less than 25 feet vertical tanks tected with not less than 25 feet with emergency any one of relief venting to the follow - permit pressure ing: not in excess of approved 2.5 psig water spray, approved inerting, approved insulation and refriger- ation, approved barricade Protection 2%2 times Table No. for 79.503-F but not less than 50 feet exposures Not less than 50 feet 5 times Table No. None 79.503-F but Not less than 100 feet not less than 100 feet Horizontal and Tank pro- 2 times Table No. 79.503-F vertical tanks tected with but Not less than 50 feet with emergency any one of not less than 50 feet relief venting to the follow - permit pressure ing: over 2.5 psig approved water spray, approved inerting, approved insulation and refriger- ation, approved barricade Protection 4 times Table No. Not less than 100 feet for 79.503-F but exposures' not less than 100 feet 8 times Table No. None 79.503-F but Not less than 150 feet not less than 150 feet 'Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid storage. 235 79.503-E, 79.503-F, 79.504 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.79.503-E—CLASS III-B LIQUIDS MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE WHICH FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, PUBLIC WAY OR FROM INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE NEAREST IMPORTANT SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME CAPACITY GALLONS PROPERTY 12,000 or less 5 5 12,001 to 30,000 10 5 30,001to 50,000 10 10 50,001to 100,000 15 10 100,001 or more 15 15 TABLE NO.79.503-F—REFERENCE TABLE FOR USE IN TABLES NOS. 79.503-A TO 79.503-D CAPACITY TANK GALLONS MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY 275 or less 5 5 276 to 750 10 5 751 to 12,000 15 5 12,001 to 30,000 20 5 30,001 to 50,000 30 10 50,001 to 100,000 50 15 100,001 to 500,000 80 25 500,001 to 1,000,000 100 35 1,000,001 to 2,000,000 135 45 2,000,001 to 3,000,000 165 55 3,000,001 or more 175 60 Tank Marking Sec. 79.504. All aboveground storage tanks over 100 gallons (water capacity) permanently installed, mounted or affixed and used for the storage of Class I, II or III -A liquids shall bear the label or placard in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3, identifying the material therein. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Tanks of 300-gallon capacity or less located on private property and used for heating and cooking fuels in single-family dwellings need not be marked. 2. Tanks containing a commonly recognized product and labeled with the product name, such as "gasoline," "diesel," etc. Letters shall be at least 3 inches in height and !6 inch in stroke. 236 1985 EDITION 79.505, 79.505-A Spacing Between Adjacent Tanks Sec. 79.505. (a) Stable Liquids. The spacing between tanks containing stable liquids shall be not less than set forth in Table No. 79.505-A. When tanks are in a diked area containing Class I or Class II liquids, or in the drainage path of Class I or Class II liquids, and are compacted in three or more rows or in an irregular pattern, spacing greater than specified in Table No. 79.505- A or other means may be required by the chief to make tanks in the interior of the pattern accessible for fire -fighting purposes. TABLE NO.79.505-A—MINIMUM SPACING (SHELL -TO -SHELL) OF TANKS CONTAINING STABLE LIOUIDS1,2 FIXED ROOF TANKS TANK DIAMETER FLOATING ROOF Class I or II Class III (Feet) TANKS Llqulds Liquids Not over 150 '/6 sum of adjacent %6 sum of adjacent %6 sum of adjacent tank diameters but tank diameters but tank diameters but not less than 3 feet not less than 3 feet not less than 3 feet More than 150 If remote impound- '/6 sum of adjacent '/a sum of %6 sum of ing is in accordance tank diameters adjacent tank adjacent tank with Sec. 79.506 (b) diameters diameters If impounding is %a sum of adjacent '/3 sum of /a sum of around tanks in tank diameters adjacent tank adjacent tank accordance with diameters diameters Sec. 79.506 (c) 'Crude petroleum tanks having individual capacities not exceeding 126,000 gallons (3,000 barrels), when located at production facilities in isolated locations, need not be separated by more than 3 feet. 2Tanks used only for storing Class III-B liquids may be spaced 3 feet apart unless within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing a Class I or II liquid. (b) Unstable Liquids. The spacing between such tanks containing unstable liquids shall be not less than one half the sum of their diameters. (c) Spacing Between Liquid and LPG Tanks. The minimum horizontal separation between an LP -gas container and a Class I, II or III -A liquid storage tank shall be 20 feet except in the case of Class I, II or III -A liquid tanks operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig or equipped with emergency venting permitting pressures to exceed 2.5 psig, in which case the provisions of Section 79.505 (a) shall apply. Suitable means shall be taken to prevent the accumulation of Class I, II or III -A liquids under adjacent LP -gas containers such as by dikes, diversion curbs or grading. When flammable or combustible liquid storage tanks are within a diked area, the LP -gas containers shall be outside the diked area and at least 10 feet away from the center line of the wall of the diked area. The foregoing 237 79.505-79.508 UNIFORM FIRE CODE provisions shall not apply when LP -gas containers of 125 gallons or less capacity are installed adjacent to fuel -oil supply tanks of 660 gallons or less capacity. Horizontal separation is not required between aboveground LP -gas containers and underground flammable and combustible liquid tanks. Supports, Foundations and Anchorage Sec. 79.506. (a) Tanks at Grade. Tanks shall rest on the ground or on foundations made of concrete, masonry, piling or steel. Tank foundations shall be designed to minimize the possibility of uneven settling of the tank and to minimize corrosion in any part of the tank resting on the foundation. (b) Tanks Above Grade. Tanks shall be securely supported. Supports for tanks storing Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be of concrete, masonry or protected steel. Single wood timber supports (not cribbing) laid horizontally may be used for outside aboveground tanks if not more than 12 inches high at their lowest point. (c) Fire Protection of Steel Supports. Steel supports or piling for tanks storing Class I, II or III -A liquids shall have a fire -resistance rating of not less than two hours, except that solid web steel saddles need not be protected if less than 12 inches high at their lowest point. At the discretion of the chief, water -spray protection in accordance with U.F. C. Standard No. 79-2, or U. B.C. Standard No. 38-1, or equivalent may be used. (d) Design of Supports. The design of the supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance with well -established engineering principles of mechanics and shall comply with the Building Code. Tanks shall be so supported as to prevent the excessive concentration of loads on the supporting portion of the shell. (e) Locations Subject to Flooding. Where a tank is located in an area that may be subjected to flooding, the applicable provisions of Appendix II-B apply. (f) Seismic Design. In areas subject to earthquakes, the tank supports and connections shall be designed to resist damage as a result of such shocks in accordance with the Building Code. Stairs, Platforms and Walkways Sec. 79.507. Stairs, platforms and walkways shall be of noncombustible construction and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Drainage Dikes and Walls for Aboveground Tanks Sec. 79.508. (a) General. The area surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall be provided with drainage or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining property or reaching water- ways. These provisions may be altered or waived when determined by the chief that such tank or group of tanks does not constitute a hazard to other tanks, waterways or adjoining property, after consideration of special features such as topographical conditions, nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings on the same or adjacent property, capacity and construction of proposed tanks and character of liquids to be stored and nature and quantity of private and public fire protection provided. 238 1985 EDITION 79.508 (b) Drainage. Where protection of adjacent tanks, adjoining property or waterways is by means of a natural or man-made drainage system, such system shall comply with the following: Drainage shall be provided at a slope of not less than 1 percent away from the tank toward an impounding basin or an approved means of disposal having a capacity greater than that of the largest tank served. This termination area and the route of the drainage system shall be so located that a fire occurring in the drainage system will not seriously endanger tanks or adjoining property. (c) Diked Areas. Where protection of adjacent tanks, adjoining property or waterways is accomplished by retaining the liquid around the tank by means of a diked area, such diked area shall comply with the following: 1. The volumetric capacity of the diked area shall be not less than the greatest amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area. The capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calculated by deducting the volume of the tanks other than the largest tank below the height of the dike. 2. Walls of the diked area shall be of earth, steel, concrete or solid masonry designed to be liquid tight and to withstand a full hydrostatic head. Earthen walls 3 feet or more in height shall have a flat section at the top not less than 2 feet wide. The slope shall be consistent with the angle of repose of the material of which the walls are constructed. 3. The walls of the diked area shall be restricted to an average height of 6 feet above the interior grade, except as provided in Item No. 4 below. 4. Dikes may be higher than an average of 6 feet above interior grade where provisions are made for normal and necessary emergency access to tanks, valves and other equipment and safe egress from the diked enclosure. A. Where the average height of the dike containing Class I liquids is over 12 feet measured from interior grade or where the distance between any tank and the top inside edge of the dike wall is less than the height of the dike wall, provisions shall be made for normal operation of valves and for access to tank roof(s) without entering below the top of the dike. These provisions may be met through the use of remote operated valves, elevated walkways or similar arrangements. B. Piping passing through dike walls shall be designed to prevent excessive stresses as a result of settlement or fire exposure. C. The minimum distance between tanks and the toe of the interior dike walls shall be 5 feet. 5. Each diked area containing two or more tanks shall be subdivided, prefera- bly by drainage channels leading to an impounding basin or by intermediate curbs or spill dikes in order to prevent spills from endangering adjacent tanks within the diked area as follows: A. When storing normally stable liquids in vertical cone roof tanks con- structed with weak roof -to -shell seam or approved floating roof tanks or when storing crude petroleum in producing areas in any type of tank, one subdivision for each tank in excess of 10,000 barrels and one subdivision 239 79.508-79.510 UNIFORM FIRE CODE for each group of tanks (no tank exceeding I0,000-barrel capacity) having an aggregate capacity not exceeding 15,000 barrels. B. When storing normally stable, flammable or combustible liquids in tanks not covered in Item A, one subdivision for each tank in excess of 100,000 gallons (2,500 barrels) and one subdivision for each group of tanks (no tank exceeding I00,000-gallon capacity) having an aggregate capacity not exceeding 150,000 gallons (3,570 barrels). C. When storing unstable liquids in any type of tank, one subdivision for each tank, except that tanks installed in accordance with the drainage require- ments of U.F.C. Standard No. 79-2 for Water Spray Systems for Fire Protection shall require no additional subdivision. NOTE: Since unstable liquids will react more rapidly when heated than when at ambient temperatures, subdivision by drainage channels is the preferred method. D. The drainage channels or intermediate curbs shall be located between tanks so as to take full advantage of the available space with due regard for the individual tank capacities. Intermediate curbs, where used, shall be not less than 18 inches in height. (d) Removing Water from Diked Area. Provision shall be made for draining or removing excess water from a drainage sytem or diked area. Such drains shall not discharge to adjoining property, natural water courses, public sewers or public drainage channels unless the drain is so designed as to prevent the release of flammable or combustible liquids. A valve operable from outside the dike shall be provided in the dike system and shall normally be kept closed. Control of drainage shall be accessible under fire conditions. (e) Combustible Materials in Diked Areas. The diked area shall be kept free of combustible material, empty or full drums or barrels. Tank Valves Sec. 79.509. Each connection to an aboveground tank located below normal liquid level shall be provided with an internal or external control valve located as close as practicable to the shell of the tank. Except for liquids whose chemical characteristics are incompatible with steel, such valves, when external, and their connections to the tank shall be of steel. Tank Connections Sec. 79.510. (a) Normal Venting. 1. General. Atmospheric storage tanks shall be adequately vented to prevent the development of vacuum or pressure sufficient to distort the roof of a cone roof tank or exceeding the design pressure in the case of other atmospheric tanks as a result of filling or emptying and atmospheric temperature changes. Normal vents shall be sized in accordance with nationally recognized engineer- ing standards or shall be at least as large as the filling or withdrawal connection, whichever is larger, but in no case less than 1'/4-inch nominal inside diameter. See Section 2.303 (b). Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels shall be adequately vented to prevent development of pressure or vacuum, as a result of filling or emptying and 240 1985 EDITION 79.510 atmospheric temperature changes, from exceeding the design pressure of the tank or vessel. Protection shall also be provided to prevent overpressure from any pump discharging into the tank or vessel when the pump discharge pressure can exceed the design pressure of the tank or vessel. If any tank or pressure vessel has more than one fill or withdrawal connection and simultaneous filling or withdrawal can be made, the vent size shall be based on the maximum anticipated simultaneous flow. Tank venting systems shall be provided with sufficient capacity to prevent blowback of vapor or liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled. Vent pipes shall be not less than 1'/4-inch nominal inside diameter. The capacity of the vent shall be'based on the filling or withdrawal rate, whichever is greater, and the vent line length. Unrestricted vent piping sized in accordance with Table No. 79.302 may be used to prevent back -pressure development in tanks from exceed- ing 2.5 psig. Where tank venting devices are installed in vent lines, their flow capacities shall be determined in accordance with nationally recognized stan- dards. See Section 2:303 (b). The outlet of all vents and vent drains on tanks equipped with venting to permit pressures exceeding 2.5 psig shall be arranged to discharge in such a way as to prevent localized overheating of, or flame impingement on, any part of the tank in the event vapors from such vents are ignited. Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class I -A liquids shall be equipped with venting devices which shall be normally closed, except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Tanks of 3000-barrel capacity or less containing crude petroleum in crude producing areas. 2. Outside aboveground atmospheric tanks under 1000 gallon capacity. 3.Flame arresters or venting devices with integral flame arresters may be omitted from Class I-B and Class I-C liquids where conditions are such that their use may, in case of obstruction, result in tank damage. Liquid properties justifying the omission of such devices include, but are not limited to, condensation, corrosiveness, crystallization, polymerization, freezing or plugging. When any of these conditions exist, consideration may be given to heating, use of devices employing special materials of construction, the use of liquid seals or inerting in accordance with nationally recognized engineering standards for explosion -prevention systems. See Section 2.303 (b). 4. Vent pipes 2 inches or less in nominal inside diameter and longer than 10 feet. 5. Tanks storing gasoline are exempt from the above requirements, provided the vent pipes do not exceed 3 inches nominal inside diameter. All vent -line flame arresters and venting devices shall be installed in accor- dance with their listings. 2. Location and arrangement. Where vent pipe outlets for tanks storing Class I liquids are adjacent to building or public ways, they shall be located so that the vapors are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground level. In order to aid their dispersion, vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally away from closely adjacent walls. Vent outlets shall be located so that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other 241 79.510 UNIFORM FIRE CODE obstructions and shall be at least 5 feet from building openings or property lines that may be built upon. 3. Installation of vent piping. Vent piping shall be installed in accordance with Division VII, "Piping, Valves and Fittings." Vent pipes shall be installed so as to drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. Vent pipes shall be installed in such a manner as to be not subject to physical damage or vibration. 4. Manifolding. The manifolding of tank vent piping shall be avoided except where required for special purposes such as vapor recovery, vapor conservation or air pollution control. When tank vent piping is manifolded, pipe sizes shall be such as to discharge, within the pressure limitations of the system, the vapors they may be required to handle when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire exposure. Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids, to prevent contamination and possible change in classification of the less volatile liquid. (b) Emergency Relief Venting for Fire Exposure for Aboveground Tanks. 1. General. Every aboveground storage tank shall have some form of con- struction or device that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by exposure fires. EXCEPTION: Tanks larger than 12,000-gallon capacity storing Class III-B liquids and not within the diked area or the drainage path of Class I or Class II liquids do not require emergency relief venting. In a vertical tank the construction referred to above may take the form of a floating roof, lifter roof, a weak roof -to -shell seam or other approved pressure - relieving construction. The weak roof -to -shell seam shall be constructed to fail preferential to any other seam. Where entire dependence for emergency relief is placed upon pressure -reliev- ing devices, the total venting capacity of both normal and emergency vents shall be enough to prevent rupture of the shell or bottom of the tank, if vertical, or of the shell or heads, if horizontal. If unstable liquids are stored, the effects of heat or gas resulting from polymerization, decomposition, condensation or self -reac- tivity shall be taken into account. The total capacity of both normal and emergen- cy venting devices shall be not less than that derived from Table No. 79.510-A, except as provided in Subsections 3 and 4 below. Such device may be a self - closing manhole cover, or one using long bolts that permit the cover to lift under internal pressure, or an additional or larger relief valve or valves. The wetted area of the tank shall be calculated on the basis of 55 percent of the total exposed area of a sphere or spheroid, 75 percent of the total exposed area of a horizontal tank and the first 30 feet above grade of the exposed shell area of a vertical tank. (See Appendix VI -A for the square footage of typical tank sizes.) 242 1985 EDITION 79.510-A, 79-510-B, 79.510 TABLE NO.79.510-A-WETTED AREA VERSUS CUBIC FEET FREE AIR PER HOUR1 (14.7 psia and 60°17.) SO. FT. CFH SO. FT. CFH SO. FT. CFH 20 21,100 200 211,000 1,000 524,000 30 31,600 250 239,000 1,200 557,000 40 42,100 300 265,000 1,400 587,000 50 52,700 350 288,000 1,600 614,000 60 63,200 400 312,000 1,800 639,000 70 73,700 500 354,000 2,000 662,000 80 84,200 600 392,000 2,400 704,000 90 94,800 700 428,000 2,800 742,000 100 105,000 800 462,000 and over 120 126,000 900 493,000 140 147,000 1000 524,000 160 168,000 180 190,000 200 211,000 'Interpolate for intermediate values. TABLE NO.79.510-B-WETTED AREA OVER 2800 SQ. FT. AND PRESSURES OVER 1 PSIG SO. FT. CFH SO. FT. CFH 2,800 742,000 9,000 1,930,000 3,000 786,000 10,000 2,110,000 3,500 892,000 15,000 2,940,000 4,000 995,000 20,000 3,720,000 4,500 1,100,000 25,000 4,470,000 5,000 1,250,000 30,000 5,190,000 6,000 1,390,000 35,000 5,900,000 7,000 1,570,000 40,000 6,570,000 8,000 11,760,000 2. Tanks and storage vessels over 1 psig. For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressures over 1 psig, the total rate of venting shall be determined in accordance with Table No. 79.510-A, except that when the exposed wetted area of the surface is greater than 2,800 square feet, the total rate of venting shall be in accordance with Table No. 79.510-13 or calculated by the following formula: CFH = 1,107 A0 82 243 79.510 UNIFORM FIRE CODE CFH = venting requirement, in cubic feet of free air per hour. A = exposed wetted surface, in square feet. The foregoing formula is based on Q = 21,000 A0.82. 3. Venting capacity. The total emergency relief venting capacity for any specific stable liquid may be determined by the following formula: Cubic feet of free air per hour = V 1337 LN/_M_ V = cubic feet of free air per hour from Table No. 79.510-A. L = latent heat of vaporization of specific liquid in Btu per pound. M = molecular weight of specific liquids. 4. Allowable reductions in vent capacities for stable liquids. For tanks containing stable liquids, the required airflow rate in Subsection 1 or 3 above may be multiplied by the appropriate factor listed in the following schedule when protection is provided as indicated. Only one factor can be used for any one tank. 0.5 for drainage in accordance with requirements for remote impounding in Section 79.508 (b) for tanks over 200 square feet of wetted area. 0.3 for water spray in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-2 and drain- age in accordance with requirements for remote impounding in Section 79.508 (b). 0.3 for insulation in accordance with Item A below. 0.15 for water spray with insulation in accordance with Item A below and drainage in accordance with requirements for remote impounding in Section 79.508 (b). Insulation systems for which credit is taken shall meet the following perfor- mance criteria: A. Remain in place under fire -exposure conditions. B. Withstand dislodgment when subjected to hose stream impingement dur- ing fire exposure. This requirement may be waived where use of solid hose streams is not contemplated or would not be practical. C. Maintain a maximum conductance value of 4.0 Btu per hour per square foot per degree F. when the outer insulation jacket or cover is at a tempera- ture of 1660T and when the mean temperature of the insulation is 1000°F. 5. Termination of vent outlets where pressure exceeds 2.5 psig. The outlet of all vents and vent drains on tanks equipped with emergency venting to permit pressures exceeding 2.5 psig shall be arranged to discharge in such a way as to prevent localized overheating of or flame impingement on any part of the tank in the event vapors from such vents are ignited. 6. Venting device capacity. A. Identification. Each commercial tank -venting device shall have stamped on it the opening pressure, the pressure at which the valve reaches the full open position and the flow capacity at the latter pressure. If the start -to -open pressure is less than 2.5 psig and the pressure at full open 244 1985 EDITION 79.510 position is greater than 2.5 psig, the flow capacity at 2.5 psig shall also be stamped on the venting device. The flow capacity shall be expressed in cubic feet per hour of air at 60°F. and zero pressure psig (14.7 psia). B. Determination of capacity. The flow capacity of tank -venting devices under 8 inches in nominal pipe size shall be determined by actual test of each type and size of vent. These flow tests may be conducted by the manufacturer if certified by a qualified impartial observer or may be conducted by a qualified, impartial outside agency. The flow capacity of tank venting devices 8 inches nominal pipe size and larger, including manhole covers with long bolts or equivalent, may be calculated, provided that the opening pressure is actually measured, the rating pressure and corresponding free orifice area are stated, the word "calculated" appears on the nameplate and the computation is based on a flow coefficient of 0.5 applied to the rated orifice area. C. A suitable formula for this calculation is: CFH = 1667 CfA Pr — Pa WHERE: CFH = venting requirement in cubic feet of free air per hour. Cf = 0.5 (the flow coefficient). A = the orifice area in square inches. P, = the absolute pressure inside the tank in inches of water. Pa = the absolute atmospheric pressure outside the tank in inches of water. (c) Tank Openings Other than Vents. 1. General. Each connection to an aboveground tank through which liquid can normally flow shall be provided with an internal or an external valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank. Each connection below the liquid level through which liquid does not normally flow shall be provided with a liquid -tight closure. This may be a valve, plug or blind, or a combination of these. 2. Openings for manual gaging. Openings for gaging on tanks storing Class I liquids shall be provided with a vapor -tight cap or cover. Such covers shall be closed when not gaging. 3. Fill pipe openings. For top -loaded tanks, metallic fill pipes shall be designed and installed to minimize the generation of static electricity by terminat- ing the pipe within 6 inches of the bottom of the tank and it shall be installed to avoid excessive vibration. For Class 1-13 and Class I-C liquids other than crude oils and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity. Filling and emptying connections for Classes I,11 and 111-A liquids which are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 5 feet away from any building opening. Such connections for any liquid shall be closed and liquid tight when not in use and shall be properly identified. 245 79.510-79.511 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4. Openings for vapor recovery. Vapor -recovery systems shall be in accor- dance with Section 79.916. 5. Piping, valves and fittings. All connections, fittings or other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Division VII, "Piping, Valves and Fittings." Fire Protection Sec. 79.511. (a) General. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with nationally recognized standards. (b) Tanks for Class I Liquids Spaced Less Than 50 Feet. When required by the chief, foam fire protection shall be provided for any aboveground tank (except pressure tanks operating at or above I -pound-per- square- inch gage pressure) and used for the storage of Class I flammable liquids when such tank or group of tanks spaced less than 50 feet apart, shell to shell, has a liquid surface area in excess of 1500 square feet and when such tanks: 1. Are used for storage of crude oil, or 2. Are used for in -process products and are located within 100 feet of any fired still, heater, related fractioning or processing apparatus, or similar device at a processing apparatus, or similar device at a processing plant or petroleum refinery as herein defined, or 3. Are considered by the chief as presenting an unusual exposure hazard because of topographical conditions; nature of occupancy and proximity on the same or adjoining property and height and character of liquids to be stored; degree of private fire protection to be provided, and facilities of the fire department to cope with flammable liquid fires. (c) Foam Fire Protection. Where foam fire protection is required, installation shall meet the requirements of U.F.C. Standard No. 79-1, except that where tank shells are accessible for the erection of portable foam applicators, for at least three quarters of their perimeter, portable foam applicators shall be approved. (d) Storage of Foaming Materials. Where foam fire protection is required, foam -producing materials may be stored off the premises under the following conditions: 1. Such materials stored off the premises shall be of the proper type suitable for use in the equipment of the installation where required. 2. Such materials shall be immediately available at the storage location at all times. 3. Adequate loading and transportation facilities shall be assured. 4. The time required to deliver such materials at the required location in the event of fire shall not exceed two hours. 5. At the time of a fire, these off -premises supplies shall be accumulated in sufficient quantities before placing the equipment in operation to ensure foam production at an adequate rate without interruption until extinguish- ment is effected. 246 1985 EDITION 79.601 Division VI TANK STORAGE UNDERGROUND, OUTSIDE OR UNDER BUILDINGS General Sec. 79.601. (a) Location. A flammable or combustible liquid storage tank may be located underground, outside of or under a building if such installation meets the requirements of this section. The tank shall be so located with respect to existing foundations and supports that the loads carried by the latter cannot be transmitted to the tank. The distance from any part of a tank storing liquids to the nearest wall of any basement, pit, cellar or property line shall be not less than 3 feet. A minimum distance of 1 foot, shell to shell, shall be maintained between underground tanks. (b) Depth and Cover. Excavation for underground storage tanks shall be made with due care to avoid undermining of foundations of existing structures. Under- ground tanks shall be set on firm foundation and surrounded with at least 6 inches of noncorrosive inert material such as clean sand or gravel well tamped in place or in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Tanks shall be covered with a minimum of 2 feet of earth or shall be covered by not less than 1 foot of earth, on top of which shall be placed a slab of reinforced concrete not less than 4 inches thick. When underground tanks are or are likely to be subjected to traffic, they shall be protected against damage from vehicles passing over them by at least 3 feet of earth cover, or 18 inches of well -tamped earth plus 6 inches of reinforced concrete, or 8 inches of asphaltic concrete. When asphaltic or rein- forced concrete paving is used as part of the protection, it shall extend at least 1 foot horizontally beyond the outline of the tank in all directions. For tanks built in accordance with Section 79.105, the burial depth and the height of the vent line shall be such that the static head imposed at the bottom of the tank will not exceed 10 psig if the fill or vent pipe is filled with liquid. If the depth of cover exceeds 7 feet or the manufacturer's specifications, the tank manufacturer shall be consulted to determine if reinforcements are required. Nonmetallic underground tanks shall be installed in accordance with manufac- "__ turer's instructions. The minimum depth of cover shall be as specified in this "__ subsection. (c) Anchorage. Where a tank may become buoyant due to a rise in the level of the water table or due to location in an area that may be subjected to flooding, suitable precautions shall be observed to anchor the tank in place. See Appendix II-B or manufacturer's installation instructions for tanks in locations that may be flooded. (d) Leaking Tanks. Leaking tanks shall be promptly emptied and removed from the ground, abandoned in accordance with Section 79.114, or the chief may permit the tank to be repaired by an approved method and may require rec- ommendations from a qualified engineer. Interior -lined underground tanks shall be protected from corrosion in accor- dance with Section 79.603. 247 79.601-79.604 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (e) Used Tanks. Used tanks may be reinstalled if they comply with the requirements of Section 79.105 and Section 79.603. See Section 2.303 (b). Design and Construction of Tanks Sec. 79.602. Underground tanks or enclosed tanks inside of buildings shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 79.105. Corrosion Protection Sec. 79.603. All underground tanks and piping shall be protected from corro- sive conditions by any of the following methods: 1. Through the use of an engineered, properly installed and maintained cathodic protection system. 2. Approved corrosion -resistant materials of construction such as special alloys, nonmetallics, reinforced plastic coatings, composites or equivalent systems. If conditions based on adequate proof actually warrant the deletion of the corrosion -protection requirements, the chief may waive the corrosion -protection requirements. Tank Connections Sec. 79.604. (a) Vents. 1. Vent capacity. Tank -venting systems shall be provided with sufficient capacity to prevent blowback of vapor or liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled. Vent pipes shall be not less than 1 �/4-inch nominal inside diameter. The capacity of the vent shall be based on the filling or withdrawal rate, whichever is greater, and the vent line length. Unrestricted vent piping sized in accordance with Table No. 79.302 may be used to prevent back - pressure development in tanks from exceeding 2.5 psig. Where tank -venting devices are installed in vent lines, their flow capacities shall be determined in accordance with nationally recognized engineering standards. See Section 2.303 (b). (See section under emergency venting dealing with commercial venting devices.) 2. Location and arrangement of vents for Class I liquids. Vent pipes from underground storage tanks storing Class I liquids shall terminate outside of buildings at a point not less than 8 feet above the fill pipe opening and not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground level. Vent pipes shall discharge only upward or horizontally in order to disperse vapors and shall be arranged so that flammable vapors will not enter building openings, be trapped under eaves or other obstruc- tions, nor discharge to hazardous locations. Vent lines shall not terminate within 5 feet of openings into a building nor within 5 feet of a property line that may be built upon. Vent pipes shall not be obstructed by devices provided for vapor recovery or other purposes unless the tank and associated piping and equipment are otherwise protected to limit back -pressure development to less than the maximum working pressure of the tank and equipment by the provisions of pressure/vacuum vents, rupture discs or other tank -venting devices installed in the tank vent lines. Vent outlets and devices shall be protected to minimize the possibility of blockage from weather, snow, dirt or insect nests. 248 1985 EDITION 79.604 Tanks containing Class I -A liquids shall be equipped with pressure and vacuum venting devices with integral flame arresters which shall be normally closed except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions. Tanks storing Class I-B or Class I-C liquids shall be equipped with pressure/vacuum venting devices or with listed flame arresters. EXCEPTION: Vent pipes 2 inches or less in nominal inside diameter and longer than 10 feet shall not be obstructed by devices that will reduce their capacity and, thus, cause extensive back pressure. In addition, tanks storing gasoline are exempt from the above requirements for pressure/vacuum venting devices except as required for excessive back pressure, or flame arresters, provided the vent does not exceed 3 inches nominal inside diameter. Vent lines from tanks shall not be used for other purposes except when approved by the chief. All vent line flame arresters and venting devices shall be installed in accor- dance with their listings. 3. Location and arrangement of vents for Class II or Class III -A liquids. Vent pipes from tanks storing Class II or Class III -A liquids shall terminate in accordance with Section 79.302 (a) 2. 4. Installation of vent piping. Vent piping shall be constructed in accordance with Division VII, "Piping, Valves and Fittings." Vent pipes and vapor -return piping shall be so laid as to drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. Condensate tanks, if utilized, shall be installed and maintained so as to preclude the blocking of the vapor -return piping by liquid. The vent pipes and condensate tanks shall be so located that they will not be subjected to physical damage. The tank end of the vent pipe shall enter the tank through the top. The lower end of vent pipes shall not extend into the tank more than 1 inch. 5. Manifolding. When tank vent piping is manifolded, pipe sizes shall be such as to discharge, within the pressure limitations of the system, the vapors they can be required to handle when manifolded tanks are filled simultaneously. Float -type check valves installed in tank openings connected to manifold vent piping to prevent product contamination may be used, provided that the static head imposed at the bottom of the tank will not exceed 10 psig if the fill or vent pipe is filled with liquid when the valves are closed. EXCEPTION: For service stations, the capacity of manifolded vent piping shall be sufficient to discharge vapors generated when two manifolded tanks are simul- taneously filled. Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids to prevent contamination and possible change in classification of the less volatile liquid. (b) Tank Openings Other than Vents for Underground Tanks. 1. General. All connections, fittings or other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Division VII, "Piping, Valves and Fittings." 2. Openings for manual gaging. Openings for manual gaging, if independent 249 79.604-79.605 UNIFORM FIRE CODE of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a liquid -tight cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not gaging. If inside a building, each such opening shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring - loaded check valve or other approved device. 3. Fill pipe and discharge lines. Fill pipe and discharge lines shall enter tanks only through the top. Fill lines shall be sloped toward the tank. Underground tanks for Class I liquids having a capacity of more than 1,000 gallons shall be equipped with a tight fill device for connecting the fill hose to the tank. For Class I liquids other than crude oils, gasolines and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by terminating within 6 inches of the bottom of the tank. 4. Location of connections that are made or broken. Filling and emptying and vapor -recovery connections for Classes I, II and III -A liquids which are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 5 feet away from any building opening. Such connections shall be closed and liquid tight when not in use and shall be properly identified. 5. Protection against vapor release. Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected against possible vapor release by means of a spring -loaded check valve or dry -break connection, or other approved device, unless the opening is pipe -connected to a vapor -processing system. Openings designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line to the fill pipe simul- taneously connects the vapor -recovery line. All connections shall be vapor tight. Testing Sec. 79.605. (a) General. Before being covered or placed in use, tanks and piping connected to underground tanks shall be tested for tightness in the presence of the chief. For pipe testing, see Section 79.708. The system shall not be covered until it has been approved. (b) New Underground Tanks. New underground tanks shall be tested for tightness hydrostatically or pneumatically at not less than 3 pounds per square inch and not more than 5 pounds per square inch for 30 minutes. Pneumatic testing shall not be used on a tank containing flammable or combustible liquids or vapors. (c) Existing Tanks and Piping. Existing underground storage tanks and piping shall be tested for leakage at the owner's or operator's expense when the chief has reasonable cause to believe a leak exists. Orders requiring testing on underground tanks or piping shall indicate that the test be completed by a specified date. Tanks shall be emptied of flammable or combustible liquids and piping and other equipment shall not be used if required tests are not completed within the specified time. When testing is required, owners or operators shall provide the chief with data setting forth the method of testing that is to be used and shall submit the name of a qualified individual who will conduct the test. The method of testing to be used shall consider the effects of temperature, pressure and other variables and shall 250 1985 EDITION 79.605-79.703 establish conclusively whether the tank or piping is leaking. Pneumatic testing shall not be used for tanks. For piping, see Section 79.708. Devices used for final testing of tanks shall be capable of detecting leaks as small as 0.05 gallon per hour. Leaking piping and equipment shall not be used until repaired or replaced. For leaking tanks, see Section 79.601 (d) The chief may require that the test be conducted in his presence. (d) Used Tanks. Used tanks intended for flammable or combustible liquid service shall be tested as required for new tanks. See also Section 79.601. (e). Division VII PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS Materials and Design Sec. 79.701. (a) General. Piping, valves, fittings and related components intended for use with flammable and combustible liquids shall be designed and fabricated from suitable materials having adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressures, structural stress and exposures to which they may be subjected. Such equipment shall conform to nationally recognized engineering standards, be listed for the application or be approved by the chief. See Section 2.303 (b). Nonmetallic piping, if used, shall be installed as per the manufacturer's installation instructions. (b) Low Melt Point Materials. Low melting point materials, such as alumi- num, copper and brass; or materials which soften on fire exposure, such as nonmetallic materials; or nonductible materials, such as cast iron, may be used underground for all liquids within their pressure and temperature limitations. If such materials are used outdoors in aboveground piping systems or within buildings, they shall be either: I . Suitably protected against fire exposure, or 2. So located that any leakage resulting from the failure would not unduly expose persons, buildings or structures, or 3. Located where leakage can readily be controlled by operation of an accessible remotely located valve or valves. Protection Against Corrosion and Galvanic Action Sec. 79.702. All piping, related fluid -handling components and supports for both underground and aboveground applications where subject to external corro- sion shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materials, coated or provided with corrosion protection as specified in Section 79.603. Dissimilar metallic parts which promote galvanic action shall not be joined together. Valves Sec. 79.703. Pipe systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to operate the system properly and to protect the plant. Pipe systems in connection with pumps shall contain a sufficient number of valves to control properly the 251 79.703-79.708 UNIFORM FIRE CODE flow of liquid in normal operation and in the event of physical damage. Connec- tions to piping by which equipment, such as tank cars, tank vehicles or marine vessels, discharges liquids into storage tanks shall be provided with check valves for automatic protection against backflow. Supports Sec. 79.704. Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protected against physical damage and excessive stresses arising from settlement, vibra- tion, expansion or contraction. Swing Joints Sec. 79.705. Approved swing joints shall be installed on all underground liquid, vapor and vent piping where the piping leaves the dispensing island or location and just before connecting to any underground tank fittings. Swing joints shall also be installed on piping that is rigidly supported or connected between fixed points and which is subject to thermal expansion or differential movements. Listed flexible connectors may be used in lieu of swing joints with approval of the chief. Pipe Joints Sec. 79.706. Joints shall be made liquid tight and shall be either welded, flanged or threaded. Threaded joints shall be made up tight with a suitable thread sealant or lubricant. Joints in piping systems used for Class I liquids shall be welded when located in concealed spaces within buildings. Approved nonmet- allic joints may be used when installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Pipe joints dependent upon the friction characteristics or resiliency of combus- tible materials for mechanical continuity or liquid tightness of piping shall not be used inside buildings. They may be used outside of buildings aboveground or belowground. If used aboveground outside of buildings, the piping shall either be secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting, or the piping system shall be so designed that any spill resulting from disengagement will not unduly expose persons, buildings or structures, and will be readily controllable by remote valves. Bends Sec. 79.707. Pipe and tubing shall not be bent in excess of 90 degrees nor at a radius less than five diameters of the nominal trade size of the pipe or tube when the radius is measured from the inside edge of the pipe or tube. Testing Sec. 79.708. Unless tested in accordance with the applicable sections of nationally recognized standards for pressure piping [see Section 2.303 (b)], all piping, before being covered, enclosed or placed in use, shall be hydrostatically tested to 150 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, or pneumatically tested to 110 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, but not less than 5-pound-per-square-inch gage at the highest point of the system. This test shall be maintained for a sufficient time period to complete 252 1985 EDITION 79.708-79.802 visual inspection of all joints and connections but for at least 10 minutes there shall be no leakage or permanent distortion. Care should be exercised to ensure that these pressures are not applied to vented aboveground, underground or inside storage tanks, as they should be tested independently from the piping. Existing piping shall be tested as described above when the chief has reason- able cause to believe that a leak exists. Piping that may contain flammable or combustible liquids shall not be tested pneumatically. Such tests shall be at the expense of the owner or operator. See Section 79.605 (c). Division VIII USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING Scope Sec. 79.801. This division applies to the use, dispensing and mixing of Class I, II or III -A liquids at inside and at outside locations for both portable and fixed operations. In addition, this division shall apply to tank vehicle loading and unloading facilities. Inside Operations Sec. 79.802. (a) General. All mixing, blending and similar operations involv- ing the use of Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be performed in an inside use, dispensing and mixing room constructed to meet the requirements of a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy as defined in the Building Code. EXCEPTION: When approved by the chief, dispensing of Class II or Class III -A liquids from a single container having a capacity of not more than 60 gallons may be permitted outside of an inside use, dispensing and mixing room. The storage and use of 10 gallons or less of Class I or Class II liquids or 60 gallons or less of Class III liquids in containers may be permitted outside of an inside use, dispensing and mixing room or flammable liquid cabinet. All quantities so allowed shall be considered as contributing to the totals allowed in Sections 79.201 (e) 4 (i) and (ii). Special conditions may be imposed by the chief regarding locations, types of containers, dispensing units, fire -control measures and other factors involving fire safety. See Division IX for dispensing in service stations and Division X for dispens- ing on farms and construction projects. (b) Dispensing Equipment. Class I and Class II liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks, drums, barrels or similar containers. Dispensing devices for flammable or combustible liquids shall be of an approved type. An exception may be granted where the nature of the liquid to be dispensed makes such a restriction impractical. Approved pumps taking suction from the top of the container shall be used. Flammable or combustible liquids shall not be dispensed by a device that operates through pressure within a storage tank or container, unless the tank or container has been approved as a pressure vessel for the use to which it is subjected. Air or oxygen shall not be used to pressurize an approved pressure vessel. Class I liquids shall be dispensed only from approved safety cans or original containers. (c) Closure of Mixing or Blending Vessels. Vessels used for mixing or 253 79.802-79.804 UNIFORM FIRE CODE blending of Class I flammable liquids shall be provided with self -closing, tight- fitting, noncombustible lids that will control the fire within such vessel. Where such devices are impractical, automatic or manually controlled fire -extinguishing devices approved by the chief shall be provided. (d) Bonding of Vessels. Vessels shall be electrically connected by bond wires, piping or similar means where differences of potential could otherwise be created by the accumulation of static electricity charges. (e) Control of Spills or Connection to Sewers. Provision shall be made to prevent flammable or combustible liquids which may be spilled at loading or unloading points from entering public sewer and drainage systems or natural waterways. Connections to such sewers, drains or waterways by which flammable or combustible liquids might enter shall be provided with separator boxes or other approved means whereby such entry is precluded. Crankcase drainings and flammable or combustible liquids shall not be dumped into sewers but shall be stored in tanks or tight drums outside of any buildings until removed from the premises. Container -filling Facilities Sec. 79.803. (a) Manual Operations. Class I liquids shall not be run into containers unless the nozzle and containers are electrically interconnected. The provisions of this section shall be deemed to have been complied with where the metallic floor plates on which the container stands while filling are electrically connected to the fill stem or where the fill stem is bonded to the container during filling by means of a bond wire. (b) Automatic Operations. Container -filling operations for Class I liquids involving conveyor belts or other automatic -feeding operations shall be ade- quately designed to prevent static accumulations. Design and Construction of Inside Use, Dispensing and Mixing Room Sec. 79.804. An inside use, dispensing and mixing room shall be constructed in accordance with the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy and the following: 1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided and shall be designed and installed in an approved manner for extrahazardous locations. An automat- ic sprinkler system may be connected to the domestic water supply main in accordance with Section 10.307 (d). Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be provided with noncombustible liquid -tight raised sills or ramps at least 4 inches in height, or the floor in the room shall be at least 4 inches below surrounding floors. A permissible alternate to the sill or ramp is an open -grated trench inside of the room, extending 1 foot wider than the door opening, which drains to a safe location. The room shall be provided with approved self -closing fire doors. 2. Electrical wiring and equipment located in inside storage rooms shall be approved for Class I, Division 1 hazardous locations in accordance with the Electrical Code. 254 1985 EDITION 79.804-79.806 3. Ventilation shall be designed to provide for a complete change of air within the room at least six times per hour. Ventilation shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the Mechanical Code. It shall be con- trolled by a switch located outside of the door. The ventilation equipment and any lighting fixtures shall be operated by the same switch. An indicator light shall be installed adjacent to the switch if Class I flammable liquids are dispensed or used within the room. 4. Heating shall be restricted to low-pressure steam or hot water and to electric units approved for Class I hazardous locations. 5. Adequate explosion venting shall be provided in accordance with an approved design. 6. Exit facilities shall be provided in accordance with the Building Code. 7. Drainage facilities shall be provided to direct liquid leakage and fire - protection water to a safe location away from the building, any important valve or adjoining property. 8. Emergency drainage systems containing Classes I, II and III -A liquids connected to a public sewer or discharging into public waterways shall be equipped with traps or separators to prevent flammable or combustible liquids from entering the public sewer or waterways. 9. Open flames, smoking and other sources of ignition shall not be permitted inside the room. 10. Materials which will react with water or other liquids to produce a hazard shall not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids. Fire Protection Sec. 79.805. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. Dispensing Outside of Buildings Sec. 79.806. (a) Location on Property. Dispensing operations shall be located on an area graded in a manner to direct spills away from buildings, storage piles or any other exposures to a safe impounding area, or shall be surrounded by a curb at least 6 inches high. Where curbs are used, provisions shall be made for draining accumulations of groundwater or rainwater or spills of .liquids. Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible under fire conditions. Dispensing shall be conducted at least 15 feet from any building, any combusti- ble material, or any storage of Class I, II or III liquids, and at least 25 feet from any opening in a building, any property line, or any street, alley or public way. (b) Dispensing. Dispensing of Class I liquids shall be from only (1) original shipping containers with a capacity of 5 gallons or less, (2) from safety cans, (3) through closed piping system or (4) from a portable tank or container by means of a listed pump or device drawing through an opening in the top of the tank or container. Class II or III -A liquids may be dispensed from a container by gravity through a listed self -closing valve or self -closing faucet. Cc Class II or III liquids may also be dispensed using inert gas or water, provided § 255 79.806-79.807 UNIFORM FIRE CODE the tank or container has been approved as a vessel for the use to which it is subjected. Dispensing of liquids by water pressure or inert gas is permitted only if controls, including pressure -relief devices, are provided to limit the pressure so it cannot exceed the design pressure of the vessel, tank or container. Air or oxygen shall not be used to pressurize any container for dispensing. Dispensing from underground storage tanks shall be in accordance with Divi- sion IX, Service Stations. (c) Ignition Sources. 1. Open flame. Smoking, open flame or other sources of ignition shall be prohibited within 25 feet of the dispensing area. Legible signs with the words NO SMOKING printed thereon shall be posted in conspicuous locations around the dispensing area. 2. Electrical devices. Electrical wiring and equipment in the dispensing area shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. 3. Static accumulation. When Class I or Class II liquids are dispensed, adequate grounding and bonding shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of static electricity. See Section 79.867 (a) 3. (d) Fire Protection. Fire protection shall be provided in the dispensing area in accordance with Article 10. Loading and Unloading Facilities Sec. 79.807. (a) Tank Vehicle Loading Racks. 1. Construction. Noncom- bustible materials only shall be used for the construction of loading racks. 2. Location. Tank vehicle loading racks dispensing Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be separated from tanks, warehouses or other plant buildings, and nearest property line that may be built upon by a clear distance of not less than 25 feet, measured from the nearest position of any fill stem. Buildings for pumps or for shelter of loading personnel may be part of the loading rack. 3. Static protection. Loading racks shall be equipped with protection against the accumulation of static charges during truck -filling operations. Bonding facili- ties shall be provided during the loading of tank vehicles through open domes (1) where Class I liquids are loaded or (2) where Classes II and III liquids are loaded into vehicles which may contain vapors from previous cargos of Class I liquids. Protection shall consist of a metallic bond wire permanently electrically con- nected to the fill stem. Fill stem pipe assembly must form a continual electrically conductive path downstream from the point of bonding. The free end of such bond wire shall be provided with a clamp or equivalent device for convenient attach- ment to some metallic part in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank vehicle. Unless otherwise approved by the chief, protection shall consist of a bare -braided metallic bond wire not less than 8 AWG in size permanently electrically connected to the fill stem or some part of the fill -stem piping. Such bonding connection shall be fastened to the vehicle or tank before dome covers are raised and shall remain in place until filling is completed and all dome covers have been closed and secured. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where vehicles are loaded exclusively with products not 256 1985 EDITION 79.807 having a static -accumulating tendency, such as asphalts, including cutback asphalts, most crude oils, residual oils and water-soluble liquids. 2. When no Class I liquids are handled at the loading facility and the tank vehicles loaded are used exclusively for Class II and Class III liquids. 3. Where vehicles are loaded or unloaded through closed top or bottom connec- tions whether the hose or pipe is conductive or nonconductive. Filling through open domes into the tanks of tank vehicles that contain vapor -air mixtures within the flammable range or where the liquid being filled can form such a mixture shall be by means of a downspout which extends near the bottom of the tank. 4. Drag chains. Drag chains or similar devices on tank vehicles shall not be deemed to meet the requirement of the preceding paragraph for static protection. 5. Signs. Legible signs shall be maintained at the entrance gate or gates of each bulk plant and near each loading rack with the words NO SMOKING printed thereon. 6. Fencing. Each loading rack or property upon which a loading rack is located shall be surrounded by a fence not less than 5 feet in height, constructed of wire mesh, solid metal sheathing or masonry. No person shall load or unload or permit the loading or unloading of a tank vehicle unless such vehicle is entirely within such enclosure. No person shall drive or permit the driving of any tank vehicle into or from the premises of a bulk plant except while traveling in a forward direction. EXCEPTION: Existing installations where adequate public safety exists due to isolation, natural barriers or other factors as determined by the chief. 7. Thp loading. When top loading a tank vehicle with Class I and Class II liquids without vapor control, valves used for the final control of flow shall be of the self -closing type and shall be manually held open except where automatic means are provided for shutting off the flow when the vehicle is full. It shall be unlawful for any person to tie or lock such a self -closing valve in the open position. When top loading a tank vehicle with vapor control, flow control shall be in accordance with Subsection 8 below. 8. Bottom loading. When bottom loading a tank vehicle with or without vapor control, a positive means shall be provided for loading a predetermined quantity of liquid, together with an automatic secondary shutoff control to prevent overfill. The connecting components between the loading rack and the tank vehicle required to operate the secondary control shall be functionally compatible. When bottom loading a tank vehicle that is equipped for vapor control but when vapor control is not used, the tank shall be vented to the atmosphere to prevent pressurization of the tank. Such venting shall be at a height not lower than the top of the cargo tank on the vehicle. When bottom loading a tank vehicle, the coupling between the liquid loading hose or pipe and the truck piping shall be by means of a dry disconnect coupling. Connections to the plant vapor -control system shall be designed to prevent the escape of vapor to the atmosphere when not connected to a tank vehicle. Vapor -processing equipment shall be separated from aboveground tanks, ware- 257 79.807 UNIFORM FIRE CODE houses, other plant buildings, loading and unloading facilities or nearest line of adjoining property that can be built upon by a distance of at least 25 feet. Vapor - processing equipment shall be protected against physical damage by remote location or by the provision of guardrails, curbs or fencing. 9. Switch loading. No tank vehicle which has previously contained Class I liquids shall be loaded with Class II or Class III liquids until such tank vehicle and all piping, pumps, hoses and meters connected thereto have been completely drained and flushed. 10. Electrical equipment. All wiring and electrical equipment located within 25 feet of any portion of the loading rack shall be designed, operated and installed so as not to create an ignition hazard. Electrical equipment shall be designed and installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. The chief shall determine the extent of the Class I location when a condition is not covered by the Electrical Code. See Section 79.1407 (b). (b) Tank Car Loading Racks. 1. Construction. Noncombustible materials only shall be used for the construction of loading racks. 2. Location. Tank car loading racks dispensing Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be separated from tanks, warehouses or other plant buildings and nearest property line that may be built upon by a clear space of not less than 25 feet, measured from the nearest position of any fill stem. Buildings for pumps or for shelter of loading personnel may be part of the loading rack. 3. Static protection. Where the resistance of a tank car to ground through the rails is 25 ohms or greater, bonding shall be provided as in Section 79.807 (a) 3. 4. Stray current protection. Tank car loading facilities where Class I, II or III - A liquids are loaded or unloaded through open domes shall be protected against stray currents by permanently bonding the pipe to at least one rail and to the rack structure. Multiple pipes entering the rack area shall be permanently electrically bonded together. In areas where excessive stray currents are known to exist, all pipes entering the rack area shall be provided with insulating sections to elec- trically isolate the rack piping from the pipe lines. 5. Signs. Legible signs shall be maintained at the entrance gate or gates of each bulk plant and near each loading rack with the words NO SMOKING printed thereon. 6. Fencing. Each loading rack or property upon which a loading rack is located shall be surrounded by a fence not less than 5 feet in height, constructed of wire mesh, solid metal sheathing or masonry. No person shall load or unload or permit the loading or unloading of a tank car unless such tank car is entirely within such enclosure. EXCEPTION: Existing installations where adequate public safety exists due to isolation, natural barriers or other factors as determined by the chief. 7. Top and bottom loading. Top or bottom loading of a tank vehicle shall be in accordance with Section 79.807 (a) 7 and 8. 8. Switch loading. No tank car which has previously contained Class I liquids shall be loaded with Class II or Class III liquids until such tank car and all piping, 258 1985 EDITION 79.807-79.808 pumps, hoses and meters connected thereto have been completely drained and flushed. (c) Fire Protection. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided for the extinguishment of fires as designated in U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1. Extinguishers shall be provided and maintained, having a minimum classification of 40-B at each loading rack. Suitable fire -control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers, shall be available to locations where fires are likely to occur. Additional fire -control equipment may be required by the chief where an unusual exposure hazard exists. Such additional fire -control equipment shall be sufficent to extinguish a fire in the largest tank. The design and amount of such equipment shall be in accordance with approved engineering standards. Unloading Operations Sec. 79.808. (a) Transfer Apparatus. Transfer apparatus shall be of an approved type. (b) Storage Tanks. Class I, II or III liquids shall be transferred from a tank vehicle or tank car only into an approved atmospheric tank or approved portable tank. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Liquids used as fuels may be transferred from tank vehicles into fuel tanks of aircraft, marine craft, motor vehicles or special equipment when approval is granted by the chief, provided: A. The tank vehicle's specific function is that of supplying fuel to fuel tanks. B. The operation is not performed where the public is invited or where there is unusual exposure to life and property. C. The dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet in length. D. The dispensing nozzle is an approved type. 2. When such tank vehicle or tank is disabled through accident or mechanical failure and it becomes necessary to remove the cargo at that location, such cargo may be transferred to another tank vehicle or tank car. (c) Time Limit. Tank vehicles and tank cars shall be unloaded as soon as possible after arrival at point of delivery and shall not be used as storage tanks. Tank cars shall be unloaded only on private sidings or railroad siding facilities equipped for transferring the liquid between tank cars and permanent storage tanks. Unless otherwise permitted by the chief, a tank car shall not be allowed to remain on a siding at point of delivery for more than 24 hours while connected for transfer operations. (d) Inside Buildings. Tank vehicles or tank cars shall not be located inside any building while unloading Class I, II or III -A liquids, unless approved by the chief. EXCEPTION: A tank vehicle may be located under the canopy of an automotive service station. (e) Vehicle Motor. Motors of tank vehicles shall be shut off during the making and breaking of hose connections and during the unloading operation. ` EXCEPTION: When unloading is done with a pump deriving its power from the tank vehicle motor. (f) Attendant. The operator or other competent person shall be in attendance at 259 79.808-79.902 UNIFORM FIRE CODE all times while a tank vehicle or tank car is discharging cargo. Whenever practicable, the tank vehicle or tank car shall be positioned so that the operating controls and the discharging end of the hose or hoses are both in view of the operator or other competent person. (g) Chock Blocks. At least two chock blocks not less than 5 inches by 5 inches by 12 inches in size and dished to fit the contour of tires shall be used during unloading operations of tank vehicles. Division IX SERVICE STATIONS Scope Sec. 79.901. This division applies to both automotive and marine service stations. It is the intent of this division to prohibit service stations at bulk plants unless such use is in compliance with the provisions of this division and com- pletely separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted. Storage Sec. 79.902. (a) Class I Liquids in Basements or Pits. Class I liquids shall not be stored or used withih a building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors may travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. (b) General Provisions. Class I liquids shall be stored in closed containers, or in tanks located underground or in special enclosures as described in Section 79.902 (c). Class II and Class 111-A liquids shall be stored in containers or in tanks located underground or in special enclosures as described in Section 79.902 (c). A connection shall not be made between any aboveground tank and any under- ground tank. The temporary use of portable or semiportable tanks in conjunction with the dispensing of Class I, 1I or Ill -A liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or other motorized equipment on premises not normally accessible to the public is permitted. However, such installation shall be made only with the approval of the chief. (c) Special Enclosures. When installation of tanks in accordance with Divi- sion VI is impractical or because of property or building limitations, tanks for Class I, 11 or 111-A liquids may be installed in buildings if enclosed as follows: Enclosure shall be liquid tight and vapor tight without backfill. Sides, top and bottom of the enclosure shall be of reinforced concrete at least 6 inches thick, with openings for inspection through the top only. Tank connections shall be so piped or closed that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space. Means shall be provided whereby portable equipment may be employed to discharge to the outside any vapors which might accumulate should leakage occur. Tanks containing Class 1, 11 or 111-A liquids shall not exceed 6000 gallons individual or 18,000 gallons aggregate. 260 1985 EDITION 79.902-79.903 (d) Storage Inside Buildings. Class I, II or III -A liquids may be stored in approved containers inside service station buildings in accordance with Section 79.201 (e) 3. (e) Dispensing. Class I liquids shall not be dispensed or transferred within a service station building, except as provided in Section 79.903 (d). Class II and Class III -A liquids may be dispensed in lubrication or service rooms of a service station building, provided the heating equipment complies with Section 79.906 and electrical equipment complies with Section 79.905. Delivery of any Class 1, II or III -A liquid shall not be made into portable containers unless such container is of approved material and construction, having a tight closure with screwed or spring cover, so designed that the contents can be dispensed without spilling. Class I or Class II liquids shall not be dispensed into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle from aboveground tanks. (f) Maintenance Testing. All leak -detecting devices shall be tested annually by the owner or occupant of the property on which they are located. All test results shall be maintained on the premises and available to the chief upon request. (g) Inventory Control. Accurate daily inventory records shall be maintained and reconciled on all Classes I, II and III -A liquid storage tanks for indication of € possible leakage from tank and piping. The records shall be kept at the premises and available to the chief upon request and shall include, as a minimum, records showing, by product, daily reconciliation between sales, use, receipts and inven- tory on hand. If there is more than one system consisting of tanks serving separate pumps or dispenser for any product, the reconciliation shall be ascertained separately for each tank system. A consistent or accidental loss of Class 1, II or III -A liquids shall be immediately reported to the local fire department. (h) Safety Rules. There shall be no smoking or open flames in the areas used for fueling, servicing internal combustion engines, receiving or dispensing of Class I, II or III -A liquids. A conspicuous sign prohibiting smoking, filling unapproved containers and requiring the motor to be shut off during fueling operations shall be posted within sight of each customer being served. The motors of all vehicles being fueled shall be shut off during the fueling operation. Dispensing Services Sec. 79.903. (a) Design and Construction. Class I and Class 11 liquids shall be transferred from underground tanks by means of fixed pumps so designed and equipped as to allow control of the flow and to prevent leakage or accidental discharge. Supplemental means shall be provided outside of the dispensing device whereby the source of power may be readily disconnected in the event of fire or other accident. Dispensing devices for Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be of approved type. See Section 2.303 (b). Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be dispensed by approved pumps taking suction through the top of the container. Class I, II or III -A liquids shall not be dispensed by a device that operates through pressure within a storage tank or container unless the tank or container has been approved as a pressure vessel for the use to which it is subjected. In no case shall air or oxygen pressure be used for dispensing flammable Class I, II or III -A liquids. This section does not prohibit use permitted by Section 79.904. 261 79.903 UNIFORM FIRE CODE A listed automatic -closing -type hose nozzle valve with or without a latch -open device shall be provided on island -type dispensers used for dispensing Class I, II or III -A liquids. Overhead -type dispensing units shall be provided with a listed automatic - closing -type hose nozzle valve without a latch -open device. A listed automatic - closing -type hose nozzle valve with latch -open device may be used if the design of the system is such that the hose nozzle valve will close automatically in the event the valve is released from a fill opening or upon impact with a driveway. (b) Supervision. The dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids into the fuel tank of a vehicle or into a container shall at all times be under the supervision of a qualified attendant. EXCEPTION: Supervision by a qualified attendant is not required for a service station which is not open to the public, provided that the owner of such station is accountable for the safe operation of the station and the training of users thereof. Such stations may include card- or key -operated dispensers. The attendant's primary function shall be to supervise, observe and control the dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids while said liquids are being dispensed. It shall be the responsibility of the attendant to prevent the dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids into portable containers not in compliance with Section 79.104 (a), control sources of ignition, and to give immediate attention to acci- dental spills and fire extinguishers, if needed. (c) Location. Dispensing devices at automotive service stations shall be located a minimum distance of 10 feet from a property line and so located that all parts of a vehicle being serviced will be on the premises of the service station. In addition, the location of dispensing devices shall be in accordance with the following: 1. Dispensing devices at automotive service stations shall be located not less than 10 feet from any building which is less than one -hour fire -resistive construction. Such dispensing devices shall also be located so that the nozzle, when hose is fully extended, shall not reach within 5 feet of any building opening. 2. Dispensing units shall be at least 20 feet from all fixed sources of ignition. 3. All dispensing devices shall be protected against physical damage from vehicles by mounting on a concrete island a minimum of 6 inches in height. Alternate methods of providing equivalent protection may be permitted when approved by the chief. 4. Apparatus dispensing Class I and Class II liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles of the public shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted. 5. Dispensing devices shall be secured to the island in an approved manner other than piping and conduit. (d) Inside Garages. Where an outside location is impractical, dispensing devices approved for inside use may be installed inside a garage or similar establishment, storing, parking, servicing or repairing automotive equipment 262 1985 EDITION 79.903 upon the approval of the location and safeguards by the chief. A dispensing device shall be protected against physical damage by vehicles by mounting on a concrete island or by equivalent means and shall be located in a position where it cannot be struck by a vehicle descending a ramp or other slope out of control. A remote emergency shutoff for electric power to the dispensing unit and the pump supply- ing it shall be provided at an accessible location and shall be clearly labeled as to its intended purpose. The dispensing area shall be provided with an approved mechanical or gravity ventilation system. When dispensing units are located below grade, only approved mechanical ventilation shall be used and the entire dispensing area shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. Ventilating systems shall be electrically interlocked with Class I dispensing units so that the dispensing units cannot be operated unless the ventilating fan motors are energized. (e) Electrical Controls. A control shall be provided that will permit the pump to operate only when a dispensing nozzle is removed from its bracket or normal position with respect to the dispensing unit and the switch on this dispensing unit is manually actuated. This control shall also stop the pump when all nozzles have been returned, either to their brackets or to the normal nondispensing position. In addition, electrical conditions shall comply with the following: 1. A clearly labeled manually operated pump master switch shall be provided in an approved location, within 75 feet of, but not nearer than 15 feet to, any dispenser. Where such master switch is not visible from all dispensers, the location thereof shall be indicated by approved signs. 2. Signs identifying the pump master switch shall be labeled EMERGENCY PUMP SHUTOFF. 3. The master switch on all individual pump circuit switches shall be set in the "off" position before closing the service station for business at any time. (f) Special -type Dispensers. Approved special dispensing systems such as, but not limited to, coin -operated and remote preset types are permitted at service stations, provided there is at least one qualified attendant on duty while the station is open to the public. 1. The attendant or supervisor on duty shall be capable of performing the functions and assuming the responsibilities covered in Section 79.903 (b). 2. Emergency controls shall be installed at a location acceptable to the chief, but controls shall be not more than 100 feet from dispensers. 3. Instructions for the operation of dispensers shall be conspicuously posted. 4. Remote preset -type devices are to be in the "off" position while not in use so that the dispenser cannot be activated without the knowledge of the attendant. 5. The dispensing device shall be in clear view of the attendant at all times and the obstacle shall not be placed between the dispensing devices and the attendant. 6. The attendant shall at all times be able to communicate with persons in the dispensing area. 263 79.904 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Pressure Delivery Service Stations Sec. 79.904. (a) General. System used for the dispensing of Class I or II liquids that transfer the liquid from storage to individual or multiple dispensing units by pumps that are not located at dispensing units shall comply with this section. Pressure systems shall incorporate with each turbine an indicator light illumi- nated when the turbine is running. Said light shall be visible from the pump island and suitably identified as to the system served. The chief may alter or impose additional regulations where such systems are located within buildings. Notification shall be given to the chief prior to abandon- ment, alteration or repair of any part of a pressure delivery system, except the dispenser. (b) Approval of Equipment and Installation. Tanks, pits, pumps, electrical equipment, piping systems, dispensers, hose, nozzles and other integral parts of pressure delivery systems shall be approved. (c) Pumps. 1. Pumps installed above grade outside of buildings shall be located not less than 10 feet from lines of adjoining property which may be built upon or from a property line that abuts upon a public right-of-way or thor- oughfare. Pumps shall be located not less than 10 feet from buildings which are not of combustible or at least one -hour fire -resistive construction in accordance with the Building Code nor less than 5 feet from any building opening. 2. Pumps installed above grade shall be mounted on a concrete foundation and shall be protected against damage by vehicles. 3. Submersible or subsurface pumps shall be installed in accordance with approved standards. (d) Pits. 1. Pits intended to contain subsurface pumps or fittings from submer- sible pumps shall be not larger than necessary to contain the intended equipment and to permit the free movement of hand tools operated from above grade. 2. Pits and covers shall be designed and constructed to withstand the external forces to which they may be subjected. When located above any underground tank, at least 1 foot of earth or sand cover shall be maintained over the top of the tank. 3. Pits shall be protected against ignition of vapors by one of the following methods: (i) Sealing the unpierced cover with mastic or by bolting against a gasket in an approved manner. (ii) Filling the pit with a noncombustible inert material. (e) Piping, Valves and Fittings. 1. Piping, valves and fittings shall be designed for the working pressures and structural stresses to which they may be subjected. They shall be galvanized or otherwise protected against external corrosion with an approved material. All threaded joints or connections shall be made up tight with the use of an approved pipe joint sealing compound. Approved nonmetallic joints may be used when installed in accordance with the manufac- turer's instructions. 264 1985 EDITION 79.904-79.905 2. A check or manual valve shall be provided in the discharge dispensing supply line from the pump with a union between the valve and the same pump discharge. 3. An approved emergency shutoff valve (impact valve) incorporating a fusible link designed to close automatically in the event of severe impact or fire exposure shall be properly installed, rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the dispensing supply line at the base of each dispensing device. "Properly installed" shall mean that the shear section of the impact valve is mounted flush with the top of the surface upon which the dispenser is mounted. 4. Each pump shall have installed on the discharge an approved leak -detection device which will provide an indication if the piping and dispensers are not essentially liquid tight. 5. After completion of the installation, the system shall be tested as provided in Section 79.708. Electrical Equipment Sec. 79.905. (a) General. This section shall apply to areas where Class I liquids are stored. (b) Approved Wiring and Equipment. All installation of electric wiring and equipment shall be reasonably safe to persons and property. For Class I liquids where electrical wiring and equipment are installed, evidence that such wiring and equipment are of the type approved for use in the hazardous locations as set forth in Table No. 79.905 and that such wiring and equipment have been installed in accordance with the Electrical Code will be required. (c) Classified Area. In Table No. 79.905 a classified area shall not extend beyond the unpierced wall, roof or other solid partition. (d) Unclassified Area. For area classifications not covered in Section 79.905 (b) and not listed in Table No. 79.905, the chief shall have the authority to classify the extent of the hazardous area. TABLE NO. 79.905—CLASS I LOCATIONS' LOCATION GROUP D DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Underground Tank Fill opening 1 Any pit, box or space below grade level, any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. 2 Up to 18 inches above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from a loose fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet from a tight fill connection. Vent— 1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extend - Discharging upward ing in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. (Continued) 265 79.905 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.79.905—CLASS I LOCATIONS' —(Continued) LOCATION GROUP D DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIEDAREA Dispensing Units — (Except Overhead Type) Pits 1 Any pit, box or space below grade level, any part of which is within the Division I or 2 classified area. Dispenser 1 The area within a dispenser enclosure up to 4 feet vertically above the base except that area defined as Division 2. Any area within a nozzle boot. 2 Areas within a dispenser enclosure above the Division 1 area. Areas within a dis- penser enclosure isolated from Division I by a solid partition or a solid nozzle boot but not completely surrounded by Divi- sion 1 area. Within 18 inches horizontally in all directions from the Division 1 area located within the dispenser enclosure. Within 18 inches horizontally in all direc- tions from the opening of a nozzle boot not isolated by a vapor -tight partition, except that the classified area need not be extended around a 90-degree or greater corner. Outdoor 2 Up to 18 inches above grade level within 20 feet horizontally of any edge of enclosure. Indoor with mechanical ventilation 2 Up to 18 inches above grade or floor level within 20 feet horizontally of any edge of enclosure. with gravity ventilation 2 Up to 18 inches above grade or floor level within 25 feet horizontally of any edge of enclosure. Dispensing Units — Overhead Type I Within the dispenser enclosure and 18 inches in all directions from the enclosure where not suitably cut off by ceiling or wall. All electrical equipment integral with the dispensing hose or nozzle. 2 An area extending 2 feet horizontally in all directions beyond the Division 1 area and extending to grade below this classi- fied area. 2 Up to 18 inches above grade level within 20 feet horizontally measured from a point vertically below the edge of any dispenser enclosure. (Continued) 266 1985 EDITION TABLE NO.79.905—CLASS I LOCATIONS' —(Continued) 79.905 GROUP D EXTENT OF LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIED AREA Remote Pump —Outdoor 1 Any pit, box or space below grade level if any part is within a horizontal distance of 10 feet from any edge of pump. 2 Within 3 feet of any edge of pump, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade level within 10 feet horizontally from any edge of pump. Remote Pump —Indoor 1 Entire area within any pit. 2 Within 5 feet of any edge of pump, extending in all directions. Also up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet horizontally from any edge of pump. Lubrication or Service Room —with Dispensing 1 Any pit within any unventilated area. 2 Any pit with ventilation. 2 Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade level and 3 feet horizontally from a lubri- cation pit. Dispenser for Class I liquids 2 Within 3 feet of any fill or dispensing point, extending in all directions. Lubrication or Service Room —without Dispensing 2 Entire area within any pit used for lubrica- tion or similar service where Class I liq- uids may be released. 2 Area up to 18 inches above any such pit, and extending a distance of 3 feet horizon- tally from any edge of the pit. Special Enclosure Inside Building [See Sec. 79.902 (c)] 1 Entire enclosure. Sales, Storage and Rest Rooms Non- If there is any opening to these rooms classified within the extent of a Division 1 area, the entire room shall be classified as Division 1. Vapor -processing Systems Pits 1 Any pit, box or space below grade level, any part of which is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area or which houses any equipment used to transport or process vapors. Vapor -processing 2 Within any protective enclosure housing Equipment Located Within vapor -processing equipment. Protective Enclosures [See Sec. 79.912 (c) 21 (Continued) 267 79.905-79.908 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.79.905—CLASS I LOCATIONS' —(Continued) GROUP D EXTENT OF LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIED AREA Vapor -processing 2 The space within 18 inches in all direc- Equipment Not Within tions of equipment containing flammable Protective Enclosures vapor or liquid extending to grade level. (excluding piping and Up to 18 inches above grade level within combustion devices) 10 feet horizontally of the vapor -process- ing equipment. Equipment Enclosures I Any area within the enclosure where vapor or liquid is present under normal operating conditions. 2 The entire area within the enclosure other than Division 1. Vacuum Assist Blowers 2 The space within 18 inches in all direc- tions extending to grade level. Up to 18 inches above grade level within 10 feet horizontally. 'Locations as classified in the Electrical Code. Heating Equipment Sec. 79.906. (a) Electrical Equipment. Electrical heating equipment shall conform to Section 79.905. (b) Fuel -burning Equipment. Only wet heat systems and direct -fired makeup air heaters are permitted in dispensing rooms or in any area where vapors could migrate. Such systems shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Mechan- ical Code. Drainage and Waste Disposal Sec. 79.907. (a) Control and Connection to Sewer. Provisions shall be made in the area where Class I, II or III -A liquids may be spilled to prevent liquids from flowing into interior of service station buildings. Such provisions may be by grading driveway, raising door sills, or other equally effective means. Crankcase drainings and flammable or combustible liquids shall not be dumped into sewers but shall be stored in tanks or tight drums outside of any building until removed from the premises. (b) Crankcase Drainings. Tanks installed for crankcase drainings shall be installed in accordance with the requirements for Class I liquid storage. In addition thereto, drainage lines terminating inside a building shall be equipped with a nonremovable-type cap (such as a hinged cap). Fire Protection Sec. 79.908. A fire extinguisher with a minimum classification of 2-A, 20-B:C shall be provided and so located that it will be not more than 75 feet from any pump, dispenser or fill -pipe opening. 268 1985 EDITION 79.909-79.910 Service Stations Located Inside Buildings Sec. 79.909. (a) General. This section shall apply to automotive service stations which dispense fuels into vehicles in areas that are wholly or partially enclosed by the walls, floors or ceilings of the buildings. EXCEPTION: Service stations located inside a building with two or more sides of the dispensing area open to the building exterior so that normal ventilation can normally be expected to dissipate flammable vapors. Dispensing of fuel into motor vehicles inside of buildings is permitted when approved by the chief. (b) Construction. Automotive service stations within buildings shall be con- structed with the requirements of the Building Code. (c) Ventilation. 1. General. Heating and air-conditioning and ventilation systems shall comply with the Mechanical Code. 2. Interlocks on dispensers. When mechanical systems for ventilation are installed serving only the area where fuels are dispensed, the system shall operate when the service station is open for business and shall be interlocked to dispens- ing units so that fuel cannot be dispensed unless the ventilation system is in operation. 3. Exhaust system design. The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the dispensing floor area and to prevent the flow of flammable vapors beyond the dispensing area. Exhaust inlet ducts shall be not less than 3 inches nor more than 12 inches above the floor. Exhaust ducts shall not be located in floors or penetrate the floor of the dispensing area and shall discharge to a safe location outside the building. (d) Piping. 1. General. Piping systems shall comply with the provisions of Division VII. 2. Enclosure of vent piping. All fuel and flammable vapor piping inside buildings but outside the service station area shall be enclosed within a horizontal or a vertical shaft used only for this piping. Vertical and horizonal shafts shall be constructed of materials having a fire -resistance rating of not less than two hours. (e) Drainge Systems. 1. Control. Floors shall be liquid tight. Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage and fire -protection water to a safe location. This may require curbs, scuppers or special drainage systems. 2. Connection to sewer. Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators. Marine Service Stations Sec. 79.910. (a) General. The general construction of marine service stations shall be in accordance with the Building Code. The storage of Class I, II or III -A liquids at such location shall, except as otherwise provided in this section, be in accordance with the provisions of this article. Marine service stations shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted. 269 79.910 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (b) General Construction. Piers, wharves and floats where Class I, II or III -A liquid dispensers are located shall be of fire -resistive construction and impervious to spills of such liquids and oils within the immediate area of the dispenser. (c) Storage and Handling. Class I, II or III -A liquids may be stored in approved portable containers within marine service station buildings. Storage of Class I liquids in approved closed portable containers shall not exceed 10-gallon aggregate capacity except within a room or building approved for such storage or which meets the requirements of Section 79.203. Class II or Class III -A liquids may be stored and dispensed inside marine service station buildings from approved containers of not more than 120-gallon capacity, provided the heating equipment complies with Section 79.906. 1. Tanks, valves, fittings and piping for Class I, II or III -A liquids and liquefied petroleum gases shall be approved for such use and fully pro- tected from external corrosion. 2. There shall be no connection between any aboveground tank and any underground tank, except the aboveground tanks located in an adjoining bulk plant may be connected by piping to marine service station under- ground tanks if, in addition to valves at the aboveground tanks, a valve is also installed within control of marine service station personnel. 3. Pipelines at marine service stations where attached to piers, wharves or other structures shall be fully protected against physical damage and excessive stresses. 4. A valve whereby supply from shore may be shut off shall be provided in each product line at or near the approach to the pier, wharf or other structure, and an approved quick -throw valve shall be provided above each flexible connection to stop flow to float in the event of rupture of such flexible connections. 5. Not more than two flexible connections shall be permitted in any line leading from any pier or wharf to a float, except when unusual conditions exist; then additional flexible connections may be allowed upon permission of the chief. 6. All commodity piping at marine service stations shall be welded or welded flanged steel construction, except that screwed piping 2 inches or less in diameter shall be permitted. 7. Piping used for transporting Class I liquids shall be grounded to control stray electrical current. 8. Testing of piping systems shall be in accordance with Section 79.708. (d) Dispensing. Wharves, piers or floats at marine service stations shall be used exclusively for the dispensing or transfer of petroleum products to or from marine craft, except that transfer of essential ship stores is permitted. Sales of ship stores or merchandise shall not be allowed from an area where fuel is dispensed into the tanks of motor craft. 1. Tanks and pumps, other than those integral with approved dispensing devices, supplying Class I, II or III -A liquids at marine service stations 270 1985 EDITION 79.910 shall be located only on shore or upon express permission of the chief on piers of solid -fill type. Approved dispensing devices with or without integral pumps may be located on shore, piers of solid -fill type, open piers, wharves or floating docks. 2. Dispensing of Class I, II or III -A liquids or liquefied petrolum gases shall at all times be under the direct control of a competent person who is fully aware of the operation, mechanics and hazards inherent to fueling of boats. 3. Dispensing of Class I, II or III -A liquids into the fuel tanks of marine craft shall be by means of an approved -type hose equipped with a listed automat- ic -closing nozzle with or without latch -open device. 4. Hoses used for dispensing or transferring Class I, II or III -A liquids, when not in use, shall be reeled, racked or otherwise protected from mechanical damage. 5. Fueling of floating marine craft at other than a marine service station is prohibited except by special authorization of the chief. 6. No delivery of any Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be made into portable containers unless such container is of approved material and construction, having a tight closure with screwed or spring cover, so designed that the contents can be dispensed without spilling. 7. Liquefied petroleum gas cylinders shall not be filled or discharged at any petroleum marine service station without first obtaining written permission from the chief. Approved storage facilities for liquefied petroleum gas cylinders shall be provided. 8. The dispensing area shall be located from other structures so as to provide room for safe ingress and egress of craft to be fueled. Dispensing units shall in all cases be at least 20 feet from any activity involving fixed sources of ignition. (e) Fire Prevention Regulations. l . All marine facilities shall be maintained in a neat and orderly manner and no accumulation of rubbish or waste oils in excessive amounts shall be permitted. Any spills of Class I, II or III -A liquids at or upon the water of marine service stations shall be reported immediately to the fire depart- ment and jurisdictional authorities. 2. Metal containers with tight -fitting or self -closing metal lids shall be pro- vided for the temporary storage of combustible trash or rubbish. 3. No vessel or craft shall be made fast to or berthed at any fuel docks serving a marine service station, except during fueling operations, and no craft shall be made fast to any other vessel or craft occupying a berth at any marine service station. 4. No construction, maintainence, repair or reconditioning work involving the use of open flames or arcs or spark -producing devices shall be per- formed at any marine service station facility or within 50 feet of the dispensing facilities, including piers, wharves or floats. The chief may grant permission in writing to make repairs, provided no fueling is done at 271 79.910-79.911 UNIFORM FIRE CODE the pier, wharf or float during the course of such emergency repairs. 5. All electrical equipment installed and used must be in accordance with the Electrical Code as it applies to wet, damp and Hazardous locations. Clearly identified emergency switches readily accessible in case of fire or physical damage at any dispensing unit shall be provided on each main float and at the shore approach to the pier, wharf or floating dock, so interlocked as to shut off power to all pump motors from any individual location and reset only from the master switch. Each switch is to be identified by an approved sign stating EMERGENCY PUMP SHUTOFF: The master switch shall be set in the "off" position before closing the marine service station at any time. Pressure systems shall incorporate with each turbine an indicator light illuminated when the turbine is running. Said light shall be visible from the shore approach and from the dispenser location and suitably identify the system served. 6. Smoking or open flames shall be prohibited within 50 feet of fueling operations. NO SMOKING signs shall be posted conspicuously about the premises. Such signs shall have letters not less than 4 inches in height on a background of contrasting color. 7. Boat owners or operators shall not offer their craft for fueling unless the tanks being filled are properly vented to dissipate fumes to the outside atmosphere. 8. There shall be predominantly displayed at the face of each wharf, pier or float at such elevation as to be clearly visible from the decks of marine craft being fueled, a sign or signs with letters not less than 3 inches in height on a background of contrasting color bearing the following or equivalent wording: WARNING NO SMOKING —STOP ENGINE WHILE FUELING SHUT OFF ELECTRICITY DO NOT START ENGINE UNTIL AFTER BELOW - DECK SPACES ARE VENTILATED Fire Protection Sec. 79.911. (a) Communications. Means shall be available for calling the fire department. Such means may consist of a proprietary alarm system, a fire department alarm box or telephone not requiring a coin to operate; whichever it is must be within 100 feet of marine service station premises. (b) Piers, Wharves and Floats. Piers, wharves and floats at marine service stations shall be equipped with wet standpipes connected to a reliable water supply with piping capable of supplying 100 gpm at 65 psi at the most remote outlet. (c) Corrosion Protection and Flexible Connections. Pipe fittings and joints 272 1985 EDITION 79.911-79.912 shall be adequately treated to protect metal from corrosion. A flexible connection may be permitted between the dock or pier and any floating deck. (d) Hose Stations. Hose stations shall be supplied with: 1. One and one -half -inch valve; 2. One hundred feet of an approved lined hose not less than 1'/z inches in diameter capable of withstanding 500-pound psi test pressure; and 3. A combination fog and straight stream shutoff -type nozzle. Hose stations shall be so spaced as to provide protection to any portion of docks, piers, wharves or floating craft. An approved and listed hose reel or approved and listed semiautomatic hose rack shall be provided and shall be located so as to make the hose accessible. Hose shall be enclosed within a cabinet, and hose stations shall be labeled FIRE HOSE —EMERGENCY USE ONLY. All tests and valving must meet the approval of the chief. (e) Fire Extinguishers. Fire extinguishers, each having a 20-B:C rating, shall be provided as follows: One on each float and one on the pier or wharf within 25 feet of the head of the gangway to the float, except that where the office is within 25 feet of the gangway or is on the float and an extinguisher is provided thereon, the extinguisher at the head of the gangway need not be provided. Vapor Recovery Sec. 79.912. (a) General. This section shall apply to all vapor -recovery and vapor -processing systems. (b) Vapor -balance Systems. 1. Dispensing devices. Dispensing devices incorporating provisions for vapor recovery shall be listed and labeled. Existing listed or labeled dispensing devices may be modified for vapor recovery, provided that the modifications made are "listed by report" by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. The "listing by report" shall contain a description of the component parts used in the modification and recommended method of installa- tion on specific dispensers. Such report shall be made available upon request to the chief. Means shall be provided to shut down fuel dispensing in the event the vapor - return line becomes blocked. 2. Vapor -return line closeoff. An acceptable method shall be provided to close off the vapor -return line from dispensers when the product is not being dispensed. 3. Piping materials. All piping in a vapor -recovery system shall comply with Divisions V, VI and VII of this article. Nonmetallic piping, if used, shall be installed as per the manufacturer's installation instructions. 4. Piping installation. All existing or new vent piping shall comply with Divisions V, VI and VII. All vapor -return piping shall be so laid as to drain back to the tank. There shall be no sags or traps in the vapor -return piping in which liquid can become trapped. If necessary, due to grade, condensate tanks may be installed in vapor -return piping. All. condensate tanks shall be designed and installed so they may be emptied of liquids without opening. 5. Swing joints and shear section. Swing joints shall be provided in all vapor - return piping at the tank and at the base of the riser, below the dispenser. 273 79.912 UNIFORM FIRE CODE An approved shear section shall be properly installed, rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the vapor -return piping at the base of each dispensing device. "Properly installed" shall mean that the shear section is mounted flush with the top of the surface upon which the dispenser is mounted. 6. Testing. All vapor -return lines and vent piping shall be tested in accordance with Section 79.708. (c) Vapor Processing. 1. Equipment to be listed. Vapor -processing systems consisting of hose nozzle valve, vapor pumps, flame arresters, fire checks, or systems for prevention of flame propagation, controls and vapor -processing equipment shall be individually listed for the intended use in a specified manner. Any vapor -processing system that introduces air into the underground piping and/or storage tanks shall be provided with equipment for prevention of flame propagation that has been tested and listed as suitable for the intended use. 2. Location on property. Vapor -processing equipment shall be located at or above grade. Any source of ignition shall be located not less than 50 feet from any fuel -transfer area and not less than 18 inchesabove any tank -fill opening and top of dispenser island. Vapor -processing units shall be located not less than 10 feet from the nearest building or property line which may be built upon. Where the required distances to buildings, property lines or fuel -transfer areas cannot be obtained, means shall be provided to protect equipment against fire exposure. Such means may include approved protective enclosures which extend at least 18 inches above the equip- ment, constructed of fire-resistant or noncombustible materials, or protection with an approved water -spray system. Vapor -processing equipment shall be located a minimum of 20 feet from dispensing devices. Processing equipment shall be protected against physical damage by the provision of guardrails, curbs, protective enclosures or fencing. If approved protective enclosures are used, approved means shall be provided to ventilate the volume within the enclosure to prevent pocketing of flammable vapors. If a down slope exists toward the location of the vapor -processing unit from any fuel -transfer area, additional separation and/or height requirements may be imposed. 3. Equipment installation. Vapor -processing units shall be securely mounted on concrete, masonry or structural steel supports on concrete or other noncom- bustible foundations. Vapor -recovery and vapor -processing equipment may be installed on roofs, at the discretion of the chief. 4. Piping materials. All piping in a mechanical assist system shall comply with Divisions V, VI and VII of this article. Nonmetallic piping, if used, shall be installed as per the manufacturer's installation instructions. 5. Piping installation. All existing or new vent lines shall comply with Section 79.604. All vapor -return lines shall be so laid as to drain back to the tank. 274 1985 EDITION 79.912 There shall be no sags or traps in the vapor -return lines in which liquid can become trapped. If necessary, due to grade, condensate tanks may be installed in vapor-retum piping. All condensate tanks shall be designed and installed so they may be drained without opening. 6. Swing joints and emergency shutoff valve (impact). Swing joints shall be provided in all vapor -return lines at the tank and at the base of the riser, below the dispenser. An approved emergency shutoff valve (impact) incorporating a fusible link designed to close automatically in event of severe impact or fire exposure shall be properly installed, rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the vapor -return line at the base of each dispensing device. "Properly installed" shall mean that the shear section of the impact valve is mounted flush with the top of the surface upon which the dispenser is mounted. 7. Vapor -return line closeoff. An acceptable method shall be provided to close off the vapor -return line from dispensers when product is not being dispensed. 8. Component design. If a component is likely to contain a flammable vapor/ air mixture under operating conditions and can fail in a manner to ignite the mixture, it shall be designed to withstand an internal explosion without failure to the outside and so protected as to stop flame propagation to other parts of the system. 9. Fire checks. Approved fire checks or other positive means of automatic isolation of underground storage tanks shall be installed in vapor -return piping to prevent a flashback from reaching the underground tanks. Such devices also shall be installed in all vapor/air piping as close as practicable to each burner or group of burners in a vapor incineration unit, and in all vapor -transfer piping as close as practicable to any refrigeration, absorption or similar types of processing equipment. 10. Vent termination. Vents from vapor -processing units shall be not less than 12 feet above adjacent ground level and not less than 8 feet above the processing unit itself. Vent outlets shall be so directed and located that flammable vapors will not accumulate or travel to an unsafe location or enter buildings. 11. Testing. All vapor -return lines, vapor -transfer lines and vent piping shall be tested in accordance with Section 79.708. 12. Electrical equipment. All electrical equipment shall be in accordance with Table No. 79.905. All electrically energized vapor -recovery equipment shall be directly connected to and controlled by the emergency pump shutoff switch in Section 79.903 (e). 13. Control measures. Fences, bumper posts or other control measures shall be provided where necessary to protect against tampering, trespassing and vehicle traffic. The area shall be kept clear of combustible materials of any nature within 15 feet of the installed vapor -processing unit. (d) Maintenance. All vapor -recovery and vapor -processing equipment shall be subject to periodic maintenance, tests and inspections. All maintenance, tests and inspections set forth in the listing document, or other tests as may be set forth by 275 79.912-79.1005 UNIFORM FIRE CODE the chief, shall be the responsibility of the owner or occupant of the premises upon which such equipment is located. Only the manufacturer of the affected equipment, or an equally qualified person, may perform maintenance on a vapor -recovery system or vapor -process- ing equipment. Written records of all maintenance, tests, inspections and the results and recommendations of same shall be maintained on the premises where the equipment is located. All written records of maintenance, tests, inspections and results and recommendations resulting from same shall be made available to the chief upon request. All incidents involving leaks, fires, explosions, overheating or requiring shut- ting down equipment, other than for routine maintenance or tests, shall be immediately reported to the fire department. Division X STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS ON FARMS AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Scope Sec. 79.1001. This division applies to permanent and temporary storage of Class I and Class 11 liquids for private use on farms and rural areas and at construction sites, earth -moving projects, gravel pits or borrow pits. The storage of Class I and Class 11 liquids in aboveground tanks is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited. This division does not apply to the storage and use of fuel -oil tanks and containers connected with oil -burning equipment regulated in Article 61 and the Mechanical Code. Permits Sec. 79.1002. A permit shall be obtained from the chief prior to installation. See Section 4.101. Permits for the storage of liquids regulated by this division shall be issued only if the chief finds that the storage is isolated and is of such a nature that life and property are safeguarded. Combustibles and Open Flame Near Tanks Sec. 79.1003. Storage areas shall be kept free of weeds and extraneous combustible material. Open flames and smoking shall not be permitted in flam- mable or combustible liquid storage areas. Marking of Tanks and Containers Sec. 79.1004. Tanks and containers for the storage of liquids aboveground shall be conspicuously marked with the name of the product which they contain and FLAMMABLE —KEEP FIRE AND FLAME AWAY. Tanks shall bear the additional marking KEEP 50 FEET FROM BUILDINGS. Electrical Sec. 79.1005. All electrical installations shall be installed in accordance with the electrical code. 276 1985 EDITION 79.1006-79.1007 Individual Containers of 60-Gallon or Less Capacity Each Sec. 79.1006. Metal containers having a capacity of not more than 60 gallons may be used for storage of Class I or Class II liquids. Such containers shall be in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Department of Transportation or shall be of an approved design. Discharge devices shall not be of a type that develops an internal pressure on the container. Pumping devices or approved self - closing faucets used for dispensing liquids shall not leak and shall be well maintained. Individual containers shall not be interconnected and shall be kept closed when not in use. Outside containers stored outside shall be in accordance with Division IV (outside storage section). Storage inside a building shall comply with other divisions of this article and the Building Code. Permanent Tanks of 61- to 1100-Gallon Capacity and Temporary Tanks Not Exceeding 10,000-Gallon Capacity Sec. 79.1007. (a) General. Storage of Class I or Class II liquids in above- ground permanent tanks of 61- to I I00-gallon capacity and temporary tanks not exceeding 10,000-gallon capacity shall be outside of buildings. Tanks shall be of single -compartment design constructed in accordance with Section 79.105. Vent- ing shall be in accordance with Sections 79.510 (a) and (b). (b) Fill Opening Security. Fill opening shall be equipped with a closure designed so that it may be locked. The fill opening shall be separate from the vent opening. (c) Vents. Each tank shall be provided with a free -opening vent of the following minimum nominal pipe size to relieve vacuum or pressure which may develop in normal operation or from fire exposure. TANK CAPACITY VENT SIZE (Gallons) (Diameter In Inches) Up to 275 1 h 276-660 2 661-900 2!6 901-1,100 3 1,101-10,000 See Subsections 79.510 (a) and (b) Vents shall be arranged to discharge in such a way as to prevent localized overheating of or flame impingement on any part of the tank in the event vapors from such vents are ignited. (d) Location. Tanks shall be kept outside and at least 50 feet from any building or combustible storage and shall be so located or such additional distance shall be provided as will ensure that any vehicle, equipment or container being filled directly from such tank shall be not less than 50 feet from any structure, haystack or other combustible storage. (e) Type of Tank. Tanks may be either tanks with top openings only or tanks elevated for gravity discharge. 277 79.1007-79.1102 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (f) Tanks with Top Openings Only. Tanks with top openings only shall be mounted and equipped as follows: 1. A stable base of timbers or blocks approximately 6 inches in height may be used to support stationary tanks. The bottom of such tanks shall not be in contact with the ground. Tanks may be supported on well -constructed metal legs connected to shoes or runners designed so that the tank is stabilized and the entire tank and its supports may be moved as a unit. 2. Tanks shall be equipped with a tightly and permanently attached approved pumping device having an approved hose of sufficient length for filling vehicles, equipment or containers to be served from the tank. Either the pump or the hose shall be equipped with a padlock to its hanger to prevent tampering. An effective antisiphoning device shall be included in the pump discharge unless a self -closing nozzle is provided. Siphons or internal pressure discharge devices shall not be used. (g) Tanks for Gravity Discharge. Tanks with a connection in the bottom or the end for gravity dispensing liquids shall be mounted and equipped as follows: 1. Supports to elevate the tank for gravity discharge shall be of adequate strength and design to provide stability. 2. Bottom or end openings for gravity discharge shall be equipped with a valve located adjacent to the tank shell which will close automatically in the event of fire through the operation of an effective heat -actuated releasing device. If this valve cannot be operated manually, it shall be supplemented by a second manually operated valve. The gravity discharge outlet shall be provided with an approved hose equipped with a self -closing valve at the discharge end of a type that can be padlocked to its hanger. (h) Basins and Dikes. When required by the chief, the area surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall be provided with drainage to an approved basin or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining property or reaching waterways. All dikes shall be in accordance with Section 79.508. (i) Extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers with a minimum classification of 20-B:C may be required by the chief. Division XI WELL -DRILLING OPERATIONS Scope Sec. 79.1101. This division shall apply to well -drilling operations for oil and natural gas. Permits Sec. 79.1102. (a) General. For permits to drill, own, operate or maintain an oil and natural gas well, see Section 4.101. (b) Pre -field Inspection. The permit for any new well shall be issued only after 278 1985 EDITION 79.1102-79.1105 it has been determined by a field inspection or by other means that such location for a well complies with the provisions of this code. Such determination shall be made within a period of five days. (c) Plot Plan. The application for a permit to drill a well shall be accompanied by a plot plan drawn to scale or with dimensions showing all buildings and improvements within a radius of 300 feet of the exact location of the proposed wellhead. Location of Well Sec. 79.1103. (a) A storage tank or boiler, fired heater, open -flame device or other source of ignition shall not be located nearer than 25 feet to any wellhead. Engines used in the drilling production and serving of wells are exempt from the above provision. (b) Wells shall not be drilled within 75 feet of any dedicated public street, highway or nearest rail of a railway being used as such. (c) Wells shall not be drilled within 100 feet of any building not necessary to the operation of the well. (d) Wells shall not be drilled within 300 feet of any building used as a place of public assemblage, institution or school. (e) Buildings shall not be constructed within the distance set forth in Section 79.1103 (c) and (d) of an existing well. Waste Control Sec. 79.1104. (a) Discharge Upon a Street or Water Channel. A liquid containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be permitted to be discharged into or upon any street, highway, drainage canal or ditch, storm drain or flood - control channel. (b) Discharge on Ground. Oil, waste oil, refuse or waste material shall not be permitted on the surface of the ground under, around or near any well, pump boiler, oil storage tank or building except within an oil sump or tank. (c) Clearing Around Walls and Tanks. All land within 25 feet of any well, flammable or combustible liquid tank or other appurtenance to any such well shall be at all times kept free and clear of dry weeds, grass, rubbish or other combusti- ble material. When, in the opinion of the chief, the distance is not sufficient to provide reasonable fire safety, a greater distance may be required which shall not exceed the height of a derrick or greatest dimension of a tank. Sumps Sec. 79.1105. (a) Maximum Width. Sumps or other basins for the retention of oil or petroleum products shall not exceed 12 feet in width. (b) Backfilling Sumps. Sumps or other basins for the retention of oil or petroleum products larger than 6 feet by 6 feet by 6 feet shall not be maintained longer than 60 days after the cessation of drilling operations. (c) Fencing. Sumps, diversion ditches or depressions used as sumps shall be securely fenced or covered. 279 79.1106-79.1203 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Prevention of Blowouts Sec. 79.1106. Adequate protection shall be provided to control and prevent the blowout of a well. Protection equipment shall meet the requirements as specified by federal, state or other applicable jurisdictions. Storage Tanks Sec. 79.1107. The storage of flammable or combustible liquids in tanks shall comply with Division V of this article. Each oil storage tank or group of tanks shall have posted in a conspicuous place on or near such tank or tanks a legible sign with the name of the owner or operator, name or number of lease and the telephone number where a responsible person may be reached at any time, printed thereon. Soundproofing Material Sec. 79.1108. Where soundproofing material is required during field opera- tions, such materials shall be noncombustible, provided that fire -retardant treated material may be used and maintained, subject to the approval of the chief. Smoking Sec. 79.1109. Smoking shall not be permitted at any well or tank location except as designated and in posted areas approved by the chief. Signs Sec. 79.1110. Each well location shall have posted in a conspicuous place a legible sign with the name of the owner or operator, name or number of the lease and number of the well printed thereon. Such signs shall be maintained on the premises from the time materials are delivered for drilling purposes until the well is abandoned. Field Loading Racks Sec. 79.1111. Field loading racks shall conform to the provisions of Division VIII of this article. Fire Protection Sec. 79.1112. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. Division XII TANK VEHICLES FOR FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Permits Sec. 79.1201. For permits to operate tank vehicles, see Section 4.101. Tank Vehicle Construction Sec. 79.1202. Tank vehicles shall be designed, constructed, equipped and maintained in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-4. Full Trailers and Semitrailers Sec. 79.1203. (a) Attachments. Trailers shall be firmly and securely attached 280 1985 EDITION 79.1203-79.1204 to the vehicle drawing them in a manner conforming with accepted engineering practice. (b) Brakes. Each full trailer and semitrailer shall be equipped with reliable brakes on all wheels, and adequate provision shall be made for their efficient operation from the driver's seat of the vehicle drawing the trailer or semitrailer. (c) Trailing. Trailer connections shall be such as to prevent the towed vehicle from whipping or swerving from side to side dangerously or unreasonably and shall cause the trailer to follow substantially in the path of the towing vehicle. Operation of Tank Vehicles Sec. 79.1204. (a) Vehicle Maintenance. Tank vehicles shall not be operated unless they are in proper repair, devoid of accumulation of grease, oil or other flammables and free of leaks. (b) Leaving Vehicle Unattended. The driver, operator or attendant of any tank vehicle shall not leave the vehicle while it is being filled or discharged. Delivery hose, when attached to a tank vehicle, shall be considered to be a part of the tank vehicle. (c) Vehicle Shutdown. Motors of tank vehicles or tractors shall be shut down during making or breaking hose connections. If loading or unloading is done without the use of a power pump, the tank vehicles or tractor motor shall be shut down throughout such operations. (d) Bonding. Bonding shall be in accordance with Section 79.807 (a) 3. (e) Outage. A cargo tank or compartment thereof used for the transportation of any flammable or combustible liquid shall not be loaded liquid full. The vacant space (outage) in a cargo tank or compartment thereof used in the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids shall be not less than 1 percent; sufficient space (outage) shall be left vacant in every case to prevent leakage from or distortion of such tank or compartment by expansion of the contents due to rise in temperature in transit. (f) Overfill Protection. The driver, operator or attendant of any tank vehicle shall, before making delivery to any tank, determine the unfilled capacity of such tank by a suitable gaging device. To prevent overfilling he shall not deliver in excess of that amount. (g) Securing Hatches. During loading, hatch covers shall be secured on all but the receiving compartments. (h) Simultaneous Delivery. Simultaneous delivery to underground tanks from two or more discharge hoses shall be made by means of mechanically tight connections between the hose and fill pipe. (i) Covers Closed in Transit. Dome covers shall be closed and latched while the tank vehicle is in transit. 0) Liquid Temperature. Material shall not be loaded into or transported in a tank vehicle at a temperature above its ignition temperature unless properly safeguarded in an approved manner. 281 79.1204-79.1206 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (k) Low Vapor Pressure Liquids. Flammable or combustible liquids with a vapor pressure of 40 psi absolute or less at 100°F. shall be loaded into cargo tanks designed and constructed in accordance with Section 79.1202. (1) Bonding of Fill Stem. The cargo tank shall be bonded to the fill stem or some part of the rack structure, electrically interconnected with the fill -stem piping, except tank vehicles used for asphalt, tank vehicles loading any flam- mable or combustible liquids through bottom connections and tank vehicles used exclusively for transporting Class III liquids when loaded at locations where no Class I and Class II liquids are handled. (m) Bonding to Underground Tanks. An external bond -wire connection or bond -wire integral with a hose is required for the transferring of flammable liquids into underground tanks. EXCEPTION: When transferring through closed connections. Smoking Prohibited Sec. 79.1205. Smoking by tank vehicle drivers, helpers, repairmen or other personnel is prohibited while they are driving, making deliveries, filling or making repairs to tank vehicles. Parking and Garaging Sec. 79.1206. (a) Parking on Thoroughfare. A tank vehicle shall not be left unattended on any residential street; nor in or within 500 feet of any residential area, apartment or hotel complex, educational, hospital or care facility at any time; or at any other place that would, in the opinion of the chief, present an extreme life hazard. In locations other than those specified in Section 79.1206 (a), a driver shall not leave a tank vehicle unattended on any street, highway, avenue or alley. EXCEPTIONS: 1. The necessary absence in connection with loading or unload- ing the vehicle, but during actual discharge for the vehicle, the provisions of Section 79.1204 (b) shall apply. 2. Stops for meals during the day or night, if the street is well lighted at the point of parking. 3. When, in case of accident or other emergency, the operator must leave to obtain assistance. (b) Parking Off Thoroughfare. A tank vehicle shall not be parked at any one point for longer than one hour except: 1. Off a street, highway, avenue or alley; 2. Inside a bulk plant and 25 feet from the property line or within a building approved for such use; 3. At other approved locations not less than 50 feet from any building except those approved for the storage or serving of such vehicle; 4. When, in case of breakdown or other emergency, the operator must leave the vehicle to take necessary action to correct the emergency. (c) Garaging. Tank vehicles shall not be parked or garaged in any buildings other than those specifically approved for such use by the chief. 282 1985 EDITION 79.1207-79.1304 Fin: Protection Sec. 79.1207. Each tank vehicle shall be equipped with a fire extinguisher having a minimum classification of 2-A, 20-B:C. Division XIII INDUSTRIAL PLANTS Scope Sec. 79.1301. This division shall apply to those industrial plants where the use of flammable or combustible liquids is incidental to the principal business or where flammable or combustible liquids are used only in unit physical operations such as mixing, drying, evaporating, filtering, distillation and similar operations which do not involve chemical reaction. Where portions of such plants involve chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, halogenation, hydrogenation, alkylation, polymerization and other chemical processes, those portions of the plant shall be in accordance with Division XV, "Chemical and Processing Plants." Construction Sec. 79.1302. Buildings shall be constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Incidental Storage and Use of Liquids Sec. 79.1303. (a) General. This section shall apply to those portions of an industrial plant where the storage and use of liquids are incidental to the principal business, such as automobile assembly, construction of electronic equipment, furniture manufacturing or similar operations. (b) Storage of Liquids. Storage of Classes I, II and III -A liquids shall be in accordance with Divisions II, III, IV, V and VI. (c) Use of Liquids. The use of Classes I, II and III -A liquids shall be in accordance with Division VIII. EXCEPTION: The quantity of liquid that may be located outside of a use, dispensing and mixing room or storage cabinet or in any one fire area of a building shall not exceed that specified in Section 79.201 (e) 4 or one portable tank of 660 gallons of Class I-B, I-C, II or III -A liquids. Ventilation Sec. 79.1304. (a) Open Systems and Processes. Buildings or rooms or other enclosures in which Class I, II or III -A liquids are used or stored in open systems and processes shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with the provisions of this section. Where natural ventilation is not sufficient under all conditions to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors, mechanical ventilation shall be provided and used. (b) Design. Design of ventilating systems shall take into account the relatively high specific gravity of the vapors. Openings to the outside for natural ventilation shall be 6 inches above floor level and shall be unobstructed except by louvers or 283 79.1304-70.1310 UNIFORM FIRE CODE coarse screens. Mechanical systems for removing flammable and combustible liquid vapors shall be designed and installed in accordance with the provisions of the Mechanical Code. Ignition Sources Sec. 79.1305. Open flames, heating devices and processes employing tem- peratures capable of igniting vapors of Class I or Class 11 liquids shall be prohibited in buildings, rooms or other confined spaces in which Class I liquids are used in the open or in which Class II or I1I-A liquids are used for the purpose of saturating, coating or otherwise treating goods or materials. Artificial lighting shall be by electricity only. Electrical devices shall be a type approved for such locations and shall comply with the applicable provisions of the Electrical Code. Smoking shall be prohibited, and suitable signs to that effect shall be displayed. Separation of Unstable Liquids Sec. 79.1306. Areas where unstable liquids are used or small-scale unit chemical processes are carried on shall be separated from the remainder of the building in conformance with the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy. Drainage Sec. 79.1307. (a) Control of Drainage. Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage and fire -protection water to a safe location. The industrial plant shall be designed and operated to prevent the normal discharge of flammable or combustible liquids into public waterways, public sewers or adjoining property. (b) Connection to Public Sewers. Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators. Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading Sec. 79.1308. Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading facilities shall conform to Division VIII. Electrical Equipment Sec. 79.1309. (a) General. All electrical equipment and wiring shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. (b) Classified Areas. Table No. 79.1309 shall be used to delineate and classify areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment under normal circum- stances. In the application of classified areas, a classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced floor, wall, roof or other solid partition. Repairs to Equipment Sec. 79.1310. Hot work, such as welding or cutting operations, use of spark - producing power tools and chipping operations shall be permitted only under supervision of an individual in responsible charge. The individual in responsible charge shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified. 284 1985 EDITION 79.1311, Table 79.1309 Housekeeping Sec. 79.1311. (a) General. Maintenance and operating practices shall be in accordance with established procedures which will tend to control• leakage and prevent the accidental escape of flammable or combustible liquids. Spills shall be cleaned up promptly. (b) Access. Adequate aisles shall be maintained for unobstructed movement of personnel and so that fire protection equipment can be brought to bear on any part of flammable or combustible liquid storage, use or any unit physical operation. (c) Disposal of Waste. Combustible waste material and residues in a building or unit operating area shall be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily. See Article 11, Division II. (d) Maintenance of Yards. Ground area around buildings and unit operating areas shall be kept free of weeds, trash or other unnecessary combustible mate- rials. See Article 11, Division Il. TABLE NO.79.1309—CLASS 1 LOCATIONSI LOCATION DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Indoor equipment where 1 Area within 5 feet of any edge of such flammable vapor -air mixtures equipment, extending in all directions. may exist under normal operations. 2 Area between 5 feet and 8 feet of an edge of such equipment, extending in all direc- tions. Also, area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 5 feet to 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such equipment.2 Outdoor equipment where 1 Area within 3 feet of any edge of such flammable vapor -air mixtures equipment, extending in all directions. may exist under normal operations. 2 Area between 3 feet and 8 feet of an ed e Y g of such equipment extending in all direc- tions. Also, area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 3 feet to 10 feet horizontally from any edge of such equipment. Tank—Aboveground3 Shell, Ends or Roof and 2 Within 10 feet from shell, ends or roof of Dike Area tank. Area inside dikes to level of top of dike. Vent 1 Within 5 feet of open end of vent, extend- ing in all directions. 2 Area between 5 feet and 10 feet from open end of vent, extending in all directions. Floating Roof I Area above the roof and within the shell. (Continued) 285 Table 79.1309, 79.1312 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.79.1309—CLASS I LOCATIONS' —(Continued) EXTENT OF LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIED AREA Drum and Container Filling Outdoors, or Indoors with I Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening, Adequate Ventilation extending in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent or fill opening, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above floor or grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from vent or fill opening. Pumps, Bleeders, Withdrawal Fittings, Meters and Similar Devices Indoors 2 Within 5 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all directions. Also up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices. Outdoors 2 Within 3 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade level within 10 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices. Pits Without Mechanical 1 Entire area within pit if any part is within Ventilation a Division 1 or 2 classified area. With Mechanical 2 Entire area within pit if any part is within Ventilation a Division 1 or 2 classified area. Containing valves, fittings 2 Entire pit. or piping, and not within a Division I or 2 classified area. Drainage Ditches, 2 Area up to 18 inches above ditch, separa- Separators, Impounding for or basin. Also up to 18 inches above Basins grade within 15 feet horizontally from any edge. 'Locations as classified in the Electrical Code. 2The release of Class I liquids may generate vapors to the extent that the entire building, and possibly a zone surrounding it, should be considered a Class I, Division 2 location. 3For tanks underground, see Division VI. Fire Protection Sec. 79.1312. (a) Appliances. Where Class I, II or III -A liquids are used or dispensed, fire -protection appliances shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. (b) Access. Industrial plants shall be located so that each building or unit of equipment is accessible` from at least one side for fire -fighting and fire -control purposes. Access shall be provided by unobstructed aisles whereby fire control 286 1985 EDITION 79.1312-79.1403 apparatus may be brought to bear on any part of such Class I, II or III -A liquid storage or use. (c) Fire Flow. Water shall be available in volume and at adequate pressure to supply water hose streams, foam -producing equipment, automatic sprinklers or water -spray systems as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation, dispensing and storage. (d) Special Extinguishing Equipment. Special extinguishing equipment such as that utilizing foam, inert gas or dry chemical shall be provided as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation, dispensing and storage. (e) Special Hazards. Where the need is indicated by special hazards of operation, liquid -processing equipment, major piping and supporting steel shall be protected by approved water -spray systems, deluge systems, approved fire- resistant coatings, insulation or any combination of these. (f) Periodic Inspecting and Testing. All plant fire -protection facilities shall be adequately maintained, periodically inspected and tested. Division XIV BULK PLANTS OR TERMINALS Scope Sec. 79.1401. This division shall apply to that portion of a property where flammable and combustible liquids are received by tank vessel, pipe lines, tank car or tank vehicle and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle or container. Buildings Sec. 79.1402. (a) Construction. Building shall be constructed in accordance with the Building Code. (b) Units. Rooms in which liquids are stored, used or transferred by pumps shall have exit facilities arranged to prevent occupants from being trapped in the event of fire. (c) Heating. Rooms in which Class I liquids are stored or used shall be heated only by means not constituting a source of ignition, such as steam or hot water. Rooms containing heating appliances involving sources of ignition shall be located and arranged to prevent entry of flammable vapors. Ventilation Sec. 79.1403. (a) General. Ventilation shall be provided for all rooms, buildings or enclosures in which Class I liquids are pumped, used or transferred. Design of ventilation systems shall take into account the relatively high specific gravity of the vapors. Ventilation may be provided by adequate openings in outside walls at floor level unobstructed except by louvers or coarse screens. Where natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the Mechanical Code. 287 79.1403-79.1406 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (b) Basements and Pits. Class I liquids shall not be stored or used within a building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors may travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. (c) Dispensing of Class I Liquids. Containers of Class I liquids shall not be drawn from or filled within buildings unless provision is made to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors in hazardous concentrations. Where mechan- ical ventilation is required, it shall be kept in operation while flammable vapors may be present. Storage Sec. 79.1404. Storage of Classes I, II and III -A liquids in bulk plants shall, in addition to complying with the provisions of this division, comply with the applicable provisions of Divisions II, III, IV and V of this article. Loading and Unloading Facilities Sec. 79.1405. Tank vehicle and tank car loading or unloading facilities shall conform to to the requirements of Division VIII. Wharves Sec. 79.1406. (a) Scope. This section shall apply to all such installations except marine service stations as covered in Division IX. (b) Definition. WHARF is any wharf, pier, bulkhead or other structure over or contiguous_ to navigable water, the primary function of which is the transfer of liquid cargo in bulk between shore installations and any tank vessel, ship, barge, lighter boat or other mobile floating craft. (c) Transferring Times. Package cargo of liquids, including full and empty drums, bulk fuel and stores, may be transported over a wharf during cargo transfer at such times and places as agreed upon by the wharf superintendent and the senior deck officer on duty. (d) Transferring Locations. Wharves at which liquid cargoes are to be transferred in bulk quantities to or from tank vessels shall be at least 100 feet from any bridge over a navigable waterway, or from an entrance to or superstructure of any vehicular or railroad tunnel under a waterway. The termination of the wharf loading or unloading fixed piping shall be at least 200 feet from a bridge or from an entrance to or superstructure of a tunnel. (e) Cargo Vessels and Transfer Equipment. Substructure and deck shall be substantially designed for the use intended. Deck may employ any material which will afford the desired combination of flexibility, resistance to shock, durability, strength and fire resistance. Heavy timber construction is acceptable. Tanks used exclusively for ballast water or Class II or Class III liquids may be installed on suitably designed wharves. Loading pumps capable of building up pressures in excess of the safe working pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall be provided with bypasses, relief valves or other arrangement to protect the loading facilities against excessive pressure. Relief devices shall be tested at not more than yearly intervals to determine that they function satisfactorily at the pressure at which they are set. 288 1985 EDITION 79.1406 All pressure hoses and couplings shall be inspected at intervals appropriate to the service. With the hose extended, test the hose and couplings using the "in- service maximum operating pressures." Any hose showing material deteriora- tions, signs of leakage or weakness in its carcass or at the couplings shall be withdrawn from service and repaired or discarded. (f) Piping, Valves and Fittings. Piping, valves and fittings shall be in accor- dance with Division VII, with the following exceptions and additions: 1. Flexibility of piping shall be assured by appropriate layout and arrange- ment of piping supports so that motion of the wharf structure resulting from wave action, currents, tides or the mooring of vessels will not subject the pipe to repeated strain above the elastic limit. 2. Pipe joints depending upon the friction characteristics of combustible materials or grooving of pipe ends for mechanical continuity of piping shall not be used. 3. Swivel joints may be used in piping to which hoses are connected and for articulated swivel -joint transfer systems, provided that the design is such that the mechanical strength of the joint will not be impaired if the packing material should fail, as by exposure to fire. 4. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to operate the system properly and to control the flow of liquid in normal operation and in the event of physical damage. 5. In addition to the requirements of Item No. 4 above, each line conveying Class I and Class II liquids leading to a wharf shall be provided with a readily accessible block valve located on shore near the approach to the wharf and outside of any diked area. Where more than one line is involved, the valves shall be grouped in one location. 6. Means of easy access shall be provided for cargo line valves located below the wharf deck. 7. Pipe lines on wharves shall be adequately bonded and grounded if Class I and Class II liquids are transported. If excessive stray currents are encoun- tered, insulating joints shall be installed. Bonding and grounding connec- tions on all pipe lines shall be located on wharf side of hose riser insulating flanges, if used, and shall be accessible for inspection. 8. Hose or articulated swivel -joint pipe connections used for cargo transfer shall be capable of accommodating the combined effects of change in draft and maximum tidal range, and mooring lines shall be kept adjusted to prevent surge of the vessel from placing stress on the cargo transfer system. 9. Hose shall be supported so as to avoid kinking and damage from chafing. (g) Loading or discharging shall not commence until wharf superintendent and officer in charge of tank vessel agree that tank vessel is properly moored and all connections are properly made. (h) Mechanical work shall not be performed on the wharf during cargo transfer, except under special authorization based on a review of the area involved, methods to be employed and precautions necessary. 289 79.1407-79.1409, Table 79.1407 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Electrical Equipment Sec. 79.1407. (a) General. All wiring and electrical equipment located within 25 feet of any portion of the loading rack shall be designed, operated and installed so as not to create an ignition hazard. Electrical equipment shall be designed and installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. (b) Extent of Classified Area. Table No. 79.1407 shall be used to classify areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment. Ignition Sources Sec. 79.1408. Class I, II or III -A liquids shall not be used, drawn or dispensed where flammable vapors may reach a source of ignition. Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated localities. NO SMOKING signs shall be conspic- uously posted where hazard from flammable vapors is normally present. Drainage and Waste Disposal Sec. 79.1409. Provision shall be made to prevent liquids which can be spilled at loading or unloading points from entering public sewers and drainage systems or natural waterways. Connection to such sewers, drains or waterways by which liquids might enter shall be provided with separator boxes or other approved means whereby such entry is precluded. TABLE NO. 79.1407—CLASS I LOCATIONS1 GROUP D EXTENT OF LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIED AREA Tank Vehicle and Tank Carz 1 Within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending Loading through open in all directions. dome 2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from edge of dome, extending in all directions. Loading through bottom 1 Within 3 feet of point of venting to connections with atmosphere, extending in all directions. atmospheric venting 2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from point of venting to atmosphere, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from point of loading connection. Loading through closed 1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extend - dome with atmospheric ing in all directions. venting 2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from open end of vent, extending in all directions. Also within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all directions. Loading through closed 2 Within 3 feet of point of connection of dome with vapor control both fill and vapor lines, extending in all directions. Bottom loading with vapor 2 Within 3 feet of point of connection, or any bottom unloading extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from point of connection. (Continued) 290 1985 EDITION Table 79.1407 TABLE NO.79.1407—CLASS I LOCATIONS —(Continued) GROUP D EXTENT OF LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIEDAREA Drum and Container Filling Outdoors, or indoors with 1 Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening, adequate ventilation extending in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent or fill opening, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above floor or grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from vent or fill opening. Tank—Aboveground3 Shell, ends or roof and dike 2 Within 10 feet from shell, ends or roof of area tank. Area inside dikes to level of top of dike. Vent 1 Within 5 feet of open end of vent, extend- ing in all directions. 2 Area between 5 feet and 10 feet from open end of vent, extending in all directions. Floating roof 1 Area above the roof and within the shell. Pits Without mechanical 1 Entire area within pit if any part is within ventilation a Division 1 or 2 classified area. With mechanical ventilation 2 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division I or 2 classified area. Containing valves, fittings 2 Entire pit. or piping, and not within a Division I or 2 classified area Pumps, Bleeders, Withdrawal Fittings, Meters and Similar Devices Indoors 2 Within 5 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all directions. Also up to 3 feet above floor of grade level within 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices. Outdoors 2 Within 3 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade level within 10 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices. Storage and Repair Garage 1 All pits or spaces below floor level. for Tank Vehicles 2 Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade level for entire storage or repair garage. Drainage Ditches, 2 Area up to 18 inches above ditch, separa- Separators, Impounding for or basin. Also up to 18 inches above Basins grade within 15 feet horizontally from any edge. (Continued) 291 Table 79.1407-79.1501 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.79.1407—CLASS I LOCATIONS' —(Continued) GROUP D EXTENT OF LOCATION DIVISION I CLASSIFIED AREA Garages for Other Than Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms Tank Vehicles within the extent of an outdoor classified area, the entire room shall be classified the same as the area classification at the point of the opening. Outdoor Drum Storage Ordinary Indoor Warehousing Where Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms There is No Flammable within the extent of an indoor classified Liquid 1Yansfer area, the room shall be classified the same as if the wall, curb or partition did not exist. Office and Rest Rooms Ordinary 'Locations as classified in the Electrical Code. ZWhen classifying extent of area, consideration shall be given to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles may be spotted at varying points. Therefore, the extremities of the loading or unloading positions shall be used. 3For tanks underground, see Division VI. Fire Protection Sec. 79.1410. Fire protection shall be in accordance with Article 10 and the following: 1. Suitable portable fire extinguishers with a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located with 75 feet of those portions of the facility where fires are likely to occur, such as hose connections, pumps and separator tanks. 2. Where piped water is available, ready -connected fire hose in size appropri- ate for the water supply shall be provided so that manifolds where connec- tions are made and broken can be reached by at least one hose stream. 3. Material shall not be placed on wharves in such a manner as to obstruct access to fire -fighting equipment or important pipeline control valves. 4. Where the wharf is accessible to vehicle traffic, an unobstructed roadway to the shore end of the wharf shall be maintained for access of fire -fighting apparatus. Division XV CHEMICAL AND PROCESSING PLANTS Scope Sec. 79.1501. This division shall apply to those plants or buildings which contain chemical operations such as oxidation, reduction, halogenation, alkyla- tion, polymerization, fractional distillation, where liquids are produced by chem- ical reactions or used in chemical reactions and other chemical processes. EXCEPTION: Refineries or distilleries. See Division XVI. 292 1985 EDITION 79.1502-79.1505 Construction Sec. 79.1502. Processing buildings shall be constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Location of Processing Vessel Sec. 79.1503. (a) Exterior Locations. The location of each processing vessel shall be based upon its liquid capacity. Processing vessels shall be located with respect to distances to lines of adjoining property which can be built upon in accordance with Table No. 79.1503, except when the processing plant is designed in accordance with Subsection (b). TABLE NO. 79.1503—LOCATION OF PROCESSING VESSELS FROM PROPERTY LINES PROCESSING VESSELS WITH EMERGENCY RELIEF STABLE UNSTABLE VENTING TO PERMIT PRESSURE LIQUIDS LIQUIDS Not in excess of 2.5 psig Table No. 2�h times Table 79.503-Fl No. 79.503-Fl Over 2.5 psig 1 �/2 times Table 4 times Table No. 79.503-Fl I No.79.503-Fl 'Double distances where protection of exposure is not provided. (b) Interior Locations. The distances required by Table No. 79.1503 may be waived when the vessels are housed within a building and the exterior wall facing the line of adjoining property which can be built upon is a blank wall having a fire - resistance rating of not less than four hours. When Class I -A or unstable liquids are involved, the blank wall shall have explosion resistance in accordance with good engineering practice. Drainage Sec. 79.1504. (a) Control. Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage and fire -protection water to a safe location. The processing plant shall be designed and operated to prevent the normal discharge of flammable or combustible liquids to public waterways, public sewers or adjoining property. (b) Connection to Sewers. Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators. Ventilation Sec. 79.1505. (a) General. Enclosed processing buildings for Class I or Class II liquids shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than six air changes per hour. Where natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the Mechanical Code. Natural or mechanical ventilation shall discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building. Provision shall be made for introduction of makeup air in such a manner as to include all floor areas or pits where flammable vapors may collect. Local or spot general ventilation may 293 79.1505-79.1512 UNIFORM FIRE CODE be needed for the control of special fire or health hazards. Such ventilation, if provided, can be utilized for up to 75 percent of the required ventilation. (b) Ventilation Equipment. Equipment used in a building and the ventilation of the building shall be designed so as to limit flammable vapor -air mixtures under normal operating conditions to the interior of equipment and to not more than 5 feet from equipment which exposes Class I liquids to the air. Examples of such equipment are dispensing stations, open centrifuges, plate and frame filters, open vacuum filters and surfaces of open equipment. Explosion Relief Sec. 79.1506. Areas where Class I -A or unstable liquids are processed shall have explosion venting in accordance with the Building Code. Storage of Liquids Sec. 79.1507. (a) Tanks. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Divisions II, III, IV, V and VI. (b) Special Tanks. Day tanks, running tanks and surge tanks are permitted in process area. (c) Containers. The storage of liquids in containers shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Divisions II and IV. Piping, Valves and Fittings Sec. 79.1508. (a) General. Piping, valves and fittings shall be in accordance with Division VII. (b) Connections. Listed flexible connectors may be used where vibration exists or where frequent movement is necessary. Approved hose may be used at transfer stations. (c) Identification. Piping containing liquids shall be identified in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Section 2.303 (b). Transfer Sec. 79.1509. The transfer of large quantities of Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be through piping by means of pumps, water displacement or inert gas. Except as required in process equipment, gravity flow shall not be used. Compressed air shall not be used as a transferring medium. Positive displacement pumps shall be provided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank or to pump suction. Equipment Sec. 79.1510. Equipment shall be designed and arranged to prevent the unintentional escape of liquids and vapors and to minimize the quantity escaping in the event of accidental release. Loading and Unloading Facilities Sec. 79.1511. Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading facilities shall be in accordance with Division VIII. Dispensing Sec. 79.1512. Dispensing shall be in accordance with Division VIII. 294 1985 EDITION 79.1513-79.1601 Ignition Sources Sec. 79.1513. Open flames, heating devices and processes employing tem- peratures capable of igniting the vapors of the flammable liquid shall be pro- hibited in buildings, rooms and other confined spaces in which Class I flammable liquids are used in the open or in which Class 11 and Class III liquids are heated above their flash point in open containers. Artificial lighting shall be by electricity only. Electrical devices shall be of type approved for such locations. Electrical devices shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. Housekeeping Sec. 79.1514. (a) Container Leakage. Wherever flammable or combustible liquids are stored in containers, provision shall be made and maintained for the detection of leakage. Leaking containers shall be immediately removed and the contents transferred to a tight container. (b) Access. Access shall be provided by unobstructed aisles whereby fire - control appliances may be brought to bear on any part of such flammable or combustible liquid storage. (c) Waste Disposal. In buildings, rooms or other confined spaces in which flammable or combustible liquids are stored, combustible waste materials shall not be allowed to accumulate. Maintenance and Repair Sec. 79.1515. Hot work, such as welding or cutting operations, use of spark - producing power tools and chipping operations shall be permitted only under supervision of an individual in responsible charge. The individual in responsible charge shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified. Electrical Equipment Sec. 79.1516. (a) General. All electrical equipment and wiring shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. (b) Classified Areas. Table No. 79.1309 shall be used to delineate and classify areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment. Fire Protection Sec. 79.1517. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. Division XVI REFINERIES AND DISTILLERIES Scope Sec. 79.1601. This division shall apply to a plant or portions of a plant in which flammable liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources or where liquids pro- duced by fermentation are concentrated and where concentrated products may also be mixed, stored or packaged. 295 79.1602-79.1610 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Locations Sec. 79.1602. A permit shall not be issued for the operation of a chemical plant, distillery, refinery or plant storing crude petroleum until approval has been given for the operation with respect to topography, nearness to places of assembly, residential or mercantile occupancy and adequacy of water supply for fire control. Manner of Storage Sec. 79.1603. Class I, II or III -A liquids shall be stored in drums or other closed containers in accordance with Divisions II and IV of this article. Storage Tanks Sec. 79.1604. Tanks for the storage of Class I, II or III -A liquids in tank farms and in locations other than process areas shall be located in accordance with Division III, V or VI of this article. Pressure Vessels Sec. 79.1605. Construction, installation and maintenance of pressure vessels shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Mechanical Code or other nationally recognized standards. Location of Process Units Sec. 79.1606. Process units shall be located so that they are accessible from at least one side for the purpose of fire control. Where topographical conditions are such that flammable or combustible liquids may flow from a processing area so as to constitute a fire hazard to other property, provision shall be made to divert or impound the flow by curbs, drains or other suitable means. Fence Sec. 79.1607. Except where a refinery is made inaccessible to the public by a natural or other adequate barrier, a substantial fence of wire or other noncombusti- ble material (except that wooden supporting posts may be used) shall be main- tained around the refinery. Such fence shall be not less than 5 feet in height and any and all openings in any such fence shall be arranged with gates which shall remain normally closed. EXCEPTION: Gates or openings with gate attendant. Smoking Sec. 79.1608. Smoking is prohibited except in approved, posted areas. Waste Combustibles Sec. 79.1609. Persons shall not accumulate or allow the dangerous accumula- tion of grass, weeds, waste combustible materials or waste Class I, II or III -A liquids on the premises of a refinery. EXCEPTION: In a sump, tank or receptacle approved for this purpose. Fire Protection Sec. 79.1610. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. 296 1985 EDITION 79.1701-79.1804 Division XVII TRANSPORTATION PIPELINES Permits Sec. 79.1701. For permits to use or to excavate near a pipeline used for the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids, see Section 4.101. Division XVIII DRY CLEANING WITH FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Scope Sec. 79.1801. Dry-cleaning plants or systems as defined in Section 9.106 in which flammable or combustible liquids are used or stored shall comply with this division. For dry-cleaning plants using noncombustible liquids, see Article 36. Plant and System Classification Sec. 79.1802. Dry-cleaning plants or systems shall be classified according to the character of the flammable or combustible liquids used or stored as follows: 1. Class I plants or systems are those plants or systems in which Class I flammable liquids are employed as solvents for dry cleaning. 2. Class II plants or systems are those plants or systems in which Class II combustible liquids are employed as solvents for dry cleaning. 3. Class III -A plants or systems are those plants or systems in which Class 111-A combustible liquids are employed as solvents for dry cleaning. 4. Class III-B plants or systems are those plants or systems in which Class III-B combustible liquids are employed as solvents dry cleaning. Except for the quantities of liquids allowed for scouring, brushing or spotting in Section 79.1815 (c), when more than one class of flammable or combustible solvent is used or stored in a plant, the classification shall be based on the numerically lowest class. Permits Sec. 79.1803. For permits to engage in the business of dry cleaning, see Section 4.101. Solvents Sec. 79.1804. (a) Changes in Class. Solvents shall not be changed to a solvent in a more hazardous classification unless such change has been approved by the chief and a new permit issued. (b) Verification of Class. The chief may require that samples of solvent be taken and tested to verify that a system is correctly classified. Tests shall be by an independent agency or laboratory. 297 79.1804-79.1806 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (c) Heating. The temperatures of Class II and Class III -A liquids shall not exceed 90°F. The temperature of Class III-B liquids shall not be in excess of 30°F. below their flash point. When liquid coolers are required, temperatures shall be monitored by visual as well as audible alarming devices installed to warn opera- tors that temperatures are approaching the specified limitation. Prohibited Liquids Sec. 79.1805. Except as provided in Section 79.1815 (c), Class I liquids shall not be used for dry cleaning. Occupancy Requirements Sec. 79.1806. (a) General. Class II and Class III -A dry cleaning plants shall be within buildings conforming to the requirements of the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy. Class III-B dry-cleaning plants may be within build- ings conforming to the requirements for a Group B, Division 2 Occupancy. Buildings containing dry-cleaning plants shall be sprinklered throughout in accordance with the provisions of the Building Code. (b) Location Within Buildings. Dry-cleaning rooms and solvent storage rooms shall be located only on the first story. (c) Plant Separations. Buildings containing Class II or Class III -A dry- cleaning plants and their associated operations shall be separated from all other businesses by not less than four-hour fire -resistive occupancy separations. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Class II dry-cleaning plants and associated operations may be separated from other businesses by two-hour fire -resistive occupancy separations when the total quantity of Class II liquids within the building does not exceed 550 gallons and the capacity of individual containers or tanks does not exceed 275 gallons. 2. Class III -A plants and associated operations may be separated from other occupancies by two-hour fire -resistive occupancy separations when the total quan- tities of Class III -A liquids within the building does not exceed 1320 gallons and the capacity of individual containers or tanks within the building does not exceed 330 gallons. (d) Occupancy Separations. 1. Dry-cleaning rooms. Dry-cleaning rooms containing Class II or Class III -A solvents shall be separated from other uses including solvent storage, offices, laundering, scouring, scrubbing, pressing and ironing operations by not less than two-hour fire -resistive occupancy separations. EXCEPTION: Solvent storage tanks need not be separated from the dry-clean- ing room when the capacity of each such tank does not exceed 1500 gallons, provided there are not more than two storage tanks and the aggregate capacity of all solvent tanks and containers within the room does not exceed 7500 gallons. Dry-cleaning rooms containing Class III-B solvents need not be separated from other uses in the dry-cleaning plant; however, the maximum capacity of any containers or tanks within the room shall not exceed 2500 gallons and the capacity of all containers or tanks within the room shall not exceed 7500 gallons. 2. Solvent storage. Except for solvent storage allowed within a dry-cleaning room in Subsection 1 above, solvents stored within a plant shall be within inside 298 1985 EDITION 79.1806-79.1810 liquid storage rooms or liquid storage rooms and shall comply with the require- ments of Section 79.202 or 79.203. EXCEPTION: Solvent storage for scouring, brushing and spotting operations may be in accordance with Section 79.201 (e), Item No. 4 (ii). 3. Drying rooms. Rooms or areas in which articles are hung up to dry shall be separated from other uses by not less than two-hour fire -resistive occupancy separations. EXCEPTION: Approved drying or deodorizing cabinets may be located within dry cleaning rooms. 4. Rooms containing open flames. Fuel -burning equipment which generates an open flame shall be separated from rooms in which solvents are used or stored by not less than four-hour fire -resistive occupancy separations. Openings to such rooms shall be at least 10 feet from any opening into rooms containing solvents. 5. Floors. Floors in rooms containing solvents shall comply with the require- ments of the Building Code for rooms used for storage of flammable or combusti- ble liquids. Ventilation Sec. 79.1807. A mechanical ventilation system shall be installed in dry- cleaning rooms and in drying rooms which is designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot of air per minute for each square foot of floor area. The ventilation system shall operate automatically when the dry-cleaning equipment is in operation and shall have manual controls at an approved location. Heating Equipment Sec. 79.1808. Fuel -burning equipment shall be separated from dry-cleaning operations and solvent storage areas as required by Section 79.1806 (d) 4. Circulating -air systems which return air from dry-cleaning rooms or solvent rooms to fuel -burning or other heating equipment shall not be employed. EXCEPTION: Forced -air, fuel-buming or other heating equipment which is separated from the dry-cleaning room may be employed when only Class III-B systems are used. Combustion -air or fuel -burning equipment shall not be taken from rooms in which liquids are used or stored nor from areas containing flammable vapors. Electrical Equipment and Lighting Sec. 79.1809. Lighting shall be by electricity. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. Electrical forced -air heating systems shall comply with Section 79.1808. Solvent Containers, Tanks and Transferring Equipment Sec. 79.1810. (a) General. Containers and tanks shall comply with the appropriate division of this article, except as modified by this section. Piping shall comply with Division VII of this article; however, flexible hoses resistant to the solvent may be used to connect equipment when the operating pressures do not exceed 5 pounds. Required shutoff valves at equipment shall be ahead of flexible connectors. 299 79.1810-79.1811 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (b) Transferring. Transferring of solvents from storage tanks through pro- cesses shall be by closed circuit piping. Pumps of positive displacement type shall have a bypass and relief valve. Fill openings to storage tanks shall be located outside of the building at an approved location. Each fill pipe inlet shall be permanently identified with the appropriate liquid classification. (c) Venting. The emergency relief venting capacity for aboveground tanks and containers shall not be less than that derived from Table No. 79.510-A multiplied by 0.3. In calculating the vent size, 100 percent of the surface area of the tank or container shall be assumed to be wetted. (d) Gaging Device. A gaging device shall be installed on inside storage or treatment tank. Gaging devices shall be of a design that will not allow vapors to escape within the building nor liquids to escape in case a gage is broken. (e) Sludge Removal. When underground treating and settling tanks are used, a separate suction pipe shall be carried to the bottom of the tank and a pump shall be installed to remove the sludge. Discharge piping from the pump shall connect to a suitable container. (f) Treatment Tanks. Treatment tanks shall be built in accordance with approved standards and shall be designed for working pressure not less than 15 psig when they are subject to pressures greater than atmospheric. Pressure -relief devices shall be installed on treatment tanks that are subject to pressures greater than atmospheric which will prevent the pressures in the tank from exceeding 10 percent above the working pressure. Relief devices shall be connected to an underground tank or an aboveground tank of a dry-cleaning unit by piping not less than 3/4 inch in size without a shutoff valve in the piping. (g) Filters. Pressure -type filters shall be equipped with a reliable pressure gage and shall not be operated at pressures exceeding those for which they were designed. Filters shall be provided with an air bleeding valve and line connected to discharge into a washer or into the storage tank vent line. Such air bleeding lines shall not discharge into the room. Pressure -relief devices shall be installed on pressure filters to prevent the pressure in the filter from raising more than 10 percent above its working pressure. Relief devices shall be connected to an underground tank or dry-cleaning unit by piping not less than 3/4 inch in size. (h) Sight Glasses. Sight glasses, the breakage of which would permit the escape of liquids, shall not be of the type readily damaged by heat and shall be protected against physical damage. Dry-cleaning Units Sec. 79.1811. (a) Construction. Except as provided in Section 79.1815, the immersion or agitation of textiles in solvent and the extraction of solvent from textiles shall be within dry-cleaning machines that comply with this section. Dry cleaning units shall be substantially constructed closed units that are well secured to the building or foundations. The loading opening shall be equipped with a close -fitting door designed to prevent solvent leaks. The units shall be provided with interlocks to prevent cylinder rotation under power when the doors are open. A manually operated stop switch shall be installed on or at each unit. 300 1985 EDITION 79.1811-79.1813 (b) Connections. Dry-cleaning units shall be provided with an overflow pipe one size larger than the size of solvent supply line to the machine. Such overflow pipe shall be connected to the shell of the washer so that the top of overflow is below the bottom of the trunion shaft; it shall be without shutoff valves and be arranged to discharge to a suitable tank. The supply pipe shall contain a shutoff valve, shall enter the washer above the discharge level and shall discharge away from the door opening. (c) Traps. Individual button and lint traps shall be provided for each dry cleaning unit. (d) Warning Labels or Signs. A permanently affixed label or sign shall be displayed near the door opening of each machine indicating that it is not to be operated with solvents having a flash point less than a specified level. The specified flash point shall be the minimum flash point established by the manufac- turer. The label shall also indicate that the doors to the machine shall not be open until the rotating cylinder has stopped. Stills Sec. 79.1812. The source of heat for stills shall be limited to steam, hot water or oil. If steam is used, a pressure -regulating valve shall be installed in the steam line to the still and a check valve shall be installed in the steam line between the boiler and the still. Stills shall be liquid and gas tight and shall be designed to operate on the vacuum principle. If a relief valve is installed on a still, it shall be equipped with a vent line extending to the exterior. Each still shall be provided with a combination vacuum and pressure gage. Each still shall be equipped with a constant level to automatically maintain the solvent liquid in the still at the proper height. Drying Tumblers and Cabinets Sec. 79.1813. Drying tumblers shall be of substantial construction well secured to foundations and shall be provided with self -closing explosion hatches having an area equal to at least one-third square foot for each 30 cubic feet of cylinder volume. Hatches shall.be arranged to open away from the operator. Each drying tumbler in Class II systems shall be provided with approved extinguishing equipment arranged to operate automatically in case of a fire unless otherwise approved by the chief. Drying tumblers in Class II systems shall be provided with a steam jet of not less than 3/e-inch size for humidifying during the drying processes. Drying tumblers and drying cabinets shall be ventilated to the outside by means of pipes or ducts connected to an exhaust fan of sufficient capacity to remove all dust, vapors or lint generated by the process. Such discharge pipes or ducts shall be carried to a height of not less than 6 feet above the roof and shall be provided with cleanout facilities. Discharge pipes shall not terminate within 10 feet measured horizontally from any door, window or combustible wall. The fan shall be properly housed and so interlocked so as to ensure operation while the drying tumbler is in use. Fan blades shall be of nonferrous metal, and fan motors shall not be located within the duct. 301 79.1814-79.1817 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Bonding and Grounding Sec. 79.1814. (a) General. Storage tanks, treatment tanks, filters, pumps, piping, duct work, dry-cleaning units, stills, tumblers, drying cabinets and other such equipment, if not inherently electrically conductive, shall be bonded together and grounded. Isolated equipment shall be grounded. (b) Pulleys and Belting. Pulleys and belting in dry-cleaning rooms shall be provided with properly grounded combs, collectors or neutralizers. (c) Double Process Equipment. When fabrics are transferred from one piece of equipment to another, the two pieces of equipment shall be electrically bonded together. (d) Spotting Tables. Metal tops of spotting tables shall be permanently and effectively grounded. Scouring, Brushing and Spotting Sec. 79.1815. (a) Design. The brushing (prespotting) table shall have a liquid - tight top with a curb on all sides not less than 1 inch high. The top of the table shall be pitched so as to ensure thorough draining to a 1'/z-inch drain connected to a suitable container especially provided and marked for that purpose. (b) Type of Solvent. All scouring or brushing and spotting (prespotting) operations utilizing solvents with lower flash points than the solvents used in the plant dry-cleaning units shall be limited to 1 gallon and dispensed from approved safety cans. Additional storage shall be in approved safety cans or approved metal shipping containers of not over 1-gallon capacity. Class I liquids and Class 11 liquids in Class III plants that are not in use shall be stored in cabinets that comply with Section 79.201 (g) or shall be within rooms complying with Section 79.202 or 79.203. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at scouring, brushing and spotting tables. The mechanical ventilation system shall be designed to capture vapors and exhaust them through a system that complies with the Mechanical Code. (c) Dry Cleaning Outside of Dry-cleaning Units. Textiles which cannot be cleaned within dry-cleaning units that comply with Section 79.1811 may be cleaned on scouring or brushing tables or in scrubbing tubs that contain not more than 3 gallons of flammable or combustible solvent. Scrubbing tubs shall be secured to the floor and shall be provided with permanent 1 %2-inch trapped drains to a suitable container especially provided and marked for that purpose. Fire Protection Sec. 79.1816. Approved portable fire extinguishers of a type suitable for fighting fires involving flammable or combustible liquids shall be provided in all dry-cleaning plants in accordance with Article 10. At least one extinguisher shall be provided at each entrance to every room or area where flammable or combusti- ble liquids are stored or used. Smoking Sec. 79.1817. Smoking in dry cleaning plants shall be only within designated smoking rooms. NO SMOKING signs shall be posted in all rooms containing flammable or combustible liquids. 302 1985 EDITION 80.101-80.103 ARTICLE 80 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Scope Sec. 80.101. This article shall apply to materials not otherwise covered in this code which are highly flammable, or which may react to cause fires or explosions, or which by their presence create or augment a fire or explosion hazard, or which because of the toxicity, flammability or liability to explosion render fire fighting abnormally dangerous or difficult; also to flammable or combustible liquids which are chemically unstable and which may spontaneously form explosive compounds or undergo spontaneous reactions of explosive violence or with sufficient evolution of heat to be a fire hazard. Hazardous materials shall include such materials as flammable solids, corrosive liquids, poisonous gases or highly toxic, radioactive, oxidizing, unstable or reactive, hypergolic or pyrophoric as defined in Article 9. Also, any substance or mixture of substances which is an irritant, a strong sensitizer, or which generates pressure through exposure to heat, decomposition or other means. Permits Sec. 80.102. For a permit to store, transport on site or use corrosive liquids, oxidizing materials, organic peroxides, nitromethane, ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate fertilizers and fertilizer mixtures, highly toxic materials, pyrophoric materials, hypergolic materials, cryogenic materials, poisonous gases or hazardous materials, see Section 4.101. For a permit to store, handle or use radioactive material, see Section 4.101. All hazardous materials permits shall be posted in a conspicuous location on the premises. General Requirements Sec. 80.103. (a) The manufacture, storage, on -site transportation or use of hazardous materials shall be safeguarded with such protective facilities as public safety requires. (b) The chief may require the following: 1. The separation or isolation of any material that in combination with other substances may bring about a fire or explosion or may liberate a flammable or poisonous gas. 2. The separation of occupancies or buildings from other storage when the quantity stored constitutes a fire or life hazard. (c) Defective containers which permit leakage or spillage shall be disposed of or repaired in accordance with recognized safe practices; no spilled material shall be allowed to accumulate on floors or shelves. (d) Where kept for retail sale in containers or packages usual to the retail trade, storage shall be neat and orderly and shelves shall be of substantial construction. (e) Where specific requirements are not otherwise established, storage, trans- portation or use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards or good practices. o`s 303 80.103-80.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (f) Visible hazard identification signs as specified in U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3 shall be placed at all entrances to and in locations where hazardous materials are stored, handled or used in quantities requiring a permit. (g) Satisfactory provisions shall be.made for containing or neutralizing spills or leakage of hazardous materials which may occur during storage, handling, transportation or use. (h) Materials safety data sheets shall be readily available for all hazardous materials on the premises. (i) For storage cabinet, transportation and storage tank requirements, see Sections 80.109, 80.110 and 80.111. Oxidizing Materials Sec. 80.104. (a) Oxidizing materials shall be stored in cool, ventilated, dry locations and separated from organic materials. Bulk oxidizing materials shall not be stored on or against combustible surfaces. (b) Oxidizing materials shall be stored separately from flammable liquids, flammable solids, combustible materials, hazardous chemicals, corrosive liquids and such other noncompatible materials as may be determined by the chief. Radioactive Materials Sec. 80.105. (a) Durable, clearly visible signs of warning of radiation dangers shall be placed at all entrances to areas or rooms where radioactive materials are used or stored. In addition, each container in which radioactive materials are used, stored or transported shall bear a durable, clearly visible, appropriate warning sign. Such signs shall bear the three -bladed radiation symbol in magenta or purple on a yellow background in accordance with nationally recognized good practice. (b) Signs are not required for storage of manufactured articles other than liquids, such as instruments or clock dials or electronic tubes or apparatus of which radioactive materials are a component part, and luminous compounds, when securely packed in strong containers, provided the gamma radiation at any surface of the package is less than 10 milliroentgens in 24 hours. (c) When not in use, radioactive materials shall be kept in adequately shielded fire-resistant containers of such design that the gamma radiation will not exceed 200 milliroentgens per hour or equivalent at any point of readily accessible surface. Reactive and Unstable Materials Sec. 80.106. (a) General. Reactive and unstable materials shall be kept apart from open flames, excessive heat and other potential ignition sources. Storage shall be controlled to prevent excessive temperatures and pressures and to prevent contamination. Uncontaminated content of broken or cracked bags, packages or other containers shall be transferred to new and clean containers before storing. Other spilled materials and discarded containers shall be promptly gathered up and destroyed in an approved manner. Internal combustion motor vehicles or lift trucks shall not be parked or stored in a room or compartment where such 304 1985 EDITION 80.106 materials are located. Electrical equipment shall conform to the requirements of the Electrical Code. (b) Organic Peroxides. A detached, well -isolated, ventilated and unheated storage building with walls having not less than a two-hour fire -resistive rating constructed in accordance with the Building Code, a noncombustible floor and a lightweight insulated roof shall be provided for the storage of 50 pounds or more of organic peroxides. If not adequately protected by a fast -acting deluge -type automatic sprinkler system, the storage building shall be located the following minimum distances from flammable or combustible liquid storage, combustible materials in the open and from any other building or highway. WEIGHT OF ORGANIC PEROXIDE (Pounds (Pounds DISTANCE Over) Not Over) (Feet) 50 to 100 75 100 to 500 100 500 to 1000 125 1000 to 3000 200 3000 to 5000 300 The organic peroxides shall be stored in the original shipping containers (D.O.T. containers). Care shall be taken to avoid rough handling or contamination of these chemicals. Readily legible warning signs and placards shall be promi- nently placed in the storage and processing areas. (c) Nitromethane. A suitably isolated outdoor storage area shall be provided for nitromethane, Hazardous processing shall not be permitted in the vicinity of this storage area. Nitromethane shall be stored in the drums in which it is received or in an underground tank with suitable corrosion protection and a minimum of 2 feet of earth over the tank or in barricaded tanks aboveground. If the drum storage is not adequately protected by a fast -acting deluge -type automatic sprinkler system, the storage of 2000 pounds or more shall be located the following minimum distances from inhabited buildings: WEIGHT (Pounds (Pounds APPROXIMATE NUMBER DISTANCE Over) Not Over) OF DRUMS (Feet) Beginning at 2000 4 100 2000 to 10,000 20 200 10,000 to 20,000 40 300 20,000 to 40,000 80 400 40,000 to 80,000 160 500 Care shall be taken to avoid rough handling or contamination of this chemical. Readily legible warning signs and placards shall be prominently placed in the storage and processing areas. 305 80.106-80.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (d) Ammonium Nitrate. 1. All flooring in storage and handling areas shall be of noncombustible material and shall be without drains, traps, pits or pockets into which any molten ammonium nitrate could flow and be confined in case of fire. 2. Each storage pile of bags or other authorized packages and containers of such materials shall not exceed 12 feet in height, 12 feet in width and 30 feet in length. Such pile units shall be separated by a clear space of not less than 36 inches in width from the base to the top of the piles, serving as cross aisles. At least one service or main aisle in the storage area shall be not less than 4 feet in width. A clearance of not less than 30 inches shall be maintained from building walls and partitions and of not less than 36 inches from ceilings or roof structural members with a minimum of 18 inches from sprinklers. 3. Ammonium nitrate storage areas shall be separated by a space of 30 feet or by a tight noncombustible partition from storages of organic chemicals, corrosive liquids, compressed gases, flammable and combustible materials or other con- taminating substances such as sulphur, coal, flour and metallic powders such as zinc, copper and magnesium where storage of such materials is permitted with ammonium nitrate. 4. Quantities of ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate fertilizer having no organic coating, in the form of crystals, flakes, grains or pills, including fertilizer grade, dynamite grade, nitrous oxide grade and technical grade ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate phosphate (containing 60 percent or more ammonium nitrate by weight) of more than 50 tons total weight shall be stored in a well -ventilated building. Such building shall be of one -hour fire -resistive or noncombustible construction as specified in the Building Code or shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. In populated areas, quantities of 2500 tons or more shall be stored in well -ventilated buildings of one - hour fire -resistive or noncombustible construction as specified in the Building Code, equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. No combustible materials or ammonium nitrate sensitizing contaminants shall be stored in this building. 5. Storage of ammonium nitrate, coated or mixed with organic anticaking materials, except compounded blasting agents, shall not be permitted in popu- lated and congested areas. Outside such areas, quantities of 500 tons or less may be stored in well -ventilated buildings of one -hour fire -resistive or noncombusti- ble construction as specified in the Building Code, equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. Highly Toxic Materials Sec. 80.107. (a) Highly toxic materials shall be segregated from other chemi- cals and combustible and flammable substances by storage out of doors or in a room or compartment separated from other areas by a one -hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. The storage room shall be provided with adequate drainage facilities and natural or mechanical ventila- tion to the outside atmosphere constructed as specified in the Mechanical Code. EXCEPTION: Approved storage cabinets for hazardous materials may be used for limited amounts approved by the chief. 306 1985 EDITION 80.107-80.110 (b) Legible warning signs and placards stating the nature and location of the highly toxic materials shall be posted at all entrances to areas where such materials are stored or used. Poisonous Gases Sec. 80.108. (a) Storage of poisonous gases within buildings shall be in rooms of at least one -hour fire -resistive construction as specified in the Building Code and having natural or mechanical ventilation adequate to remove leaking gas. Such ventilation shall not discharge to a point where the gases may endanger any person, domestic animal or wildlife. EXCEPTION: Poisonous gases may be stored or used in a room without one - hour fire -resistive construction and mechanical ventilation, provided: 1. Two approved self-contained breathing apparatus units are provided in the immediate area. 2. Atmosphere is monitored and an audible and visual alarm is activated when the maximum safe level for long-term exposure is reached. 3. Excess flow control is provided at the bulk source. 4. Emergency shutdown controls are provided internal and external to the area of use. 5. Approved gas cylinder cabinets which provide adequate ventilation and fire protection are utilized. (b) Legible warning signs stating the nature of hazard shall be placed at all entrances to locations where poisonous gases are stored or used. Storage Cabinets for Hazardous Materials Sec. 80.109. (a) General. When provisions of this code require that hazardous materials be stored in storage cabinets, such cabinets shall be in accordance with this section. Cabinets shall be conspicuously labeled in red letters on contrasting background HAZARDOUS —KEEP FIRE AWAY. (b) Construction. Cabinets may be constructed of wood or metal. Cabinets shall be listed or constructed in accordance with the following: A. Unlisted metal cabinets. Metal cabinets shall be of steel having a thick- ness of not less than 0.043 inch. Doors shall be well -fitted, self -closing and equipped with a latching device. Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall be tight fitting. The bottom of a cabinet designed for the containment of liquids shall be liquid tight to a height of at least 2 inches. B. Wooden cabinets. Wooden cabinets, including the doors, shall be of not less than 1-inch Exterior grade plywood, or equivalent, which is compati- ble with the material being stored. Doors shall be well fitted, self -closing and equipped with a latch. The bottom of a cabinet designed for the containment of liquid shall be liquid tight to a height of at least 2 inches. Cabinets shall be painted with an intumescent -type paint. Designation of Cargo Sec. 80.110. No person shall operate any vehicle transporting any hazardous materials unless at the time of such transportation there are affixed to both sides, the front and the rear of the vehicle placards and identification numbers in conformity with Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, 1981. 307 80.111 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Identification of Aboveground Tanks and Vessels Sec. 80.111. (a) All aboveground storage tanks, pressure vessels and con- tainers over 100 gallons (water capacity) permanently installed, mounted or affixed and used for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids, com- pressed gases, or hazardous chemicals regulated by this article, shall be identified in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3. EXCEPTION: Portable tanks not permanently mounted, temporary tanks used on construction sites, drum storage and packaged materials in containers of 55- gallon or less capacity. Labels shall conform with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3 for size and color and shall be affixed to tank, vessel or container so as to be conspicuously visible at all times. (b) When any tank covered in this section is housed within a building, the building shall have the same hazard identification label in a conspicuous location on the exterior of the building. 308 1985 EDITION 81.101-81.104 ARTICLE 81 HIGH -PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE Scope Sec. 81.101. This article shall apply to the storage of high -piled combustible material and high -rack storage systems. Factors such as method and height of stock piling, combustibility of materials, fuel load and rate of heat release, areas and size of piles, aisles, automatic fire -extinguishing systems, smoke -removal systems, fire protection and fire separations are considered in setting forth the provisions of this article. In the absence of specific provisions in the article, U.F.C. Standard No. 81-1 or No. 81-2 shall apply. Definitions = Sec. 81.102. For definitions of COMMODITY, DESIGNATED HIGH -PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE AREA, HIGH -PILED COMBUSTIBLE STOR- AGE AND HIGH -RACK STORAGE SYSTEMS, see Article 9. _ Permits Sec. 81.103. For permits to use buildings for high -piled combustible storage, see Section 4.101. _ Classification of Contents - Sec. 81.104. Commodity classifications shall be as defined and in accordance =_ with the following: Class I commodity is a commodity which is essentially noncombustible prod- 3 ucts on wooden or nonexpanded polyethylene solid deck pallets, in ordinary corrugated cartons with or without single -thickness dividers, or in ordinary paper wrappings with or without pallets. Examples of Class I commodities include, but are not limited to, the following: =E Appliances, electrical = Beer or wine up to 20 percent alcohol Cement in bags Ceramics Dairy products in nonwax-coated containers = Dry insecticides. Foods in noncombustible containers = Frozen foods Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers Glass Glycol in metal cans Gypsum board Inert materials, bagged Insulation, noncombustible Metal products a; 309 81.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Class II commodity is Class I products in slatted wooden crates, solid wooden boxes, multiple -thickness paperboard cartons or equivalent combustible packag- ing material with or without pallets. Examples of Class II commodities would include, but are not limited to, the following: Beer or wine up to 20 percent alcohol in combustible containers Incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs in cartons Thinly coated fine wire on reels or in cartons Class III commodity is a commodity of wood, paper, natural fiber cloth, or Group C plastics or products thereof, with or without pallets. Products may contain a limited amount of Group A or B plastics. (Metal bicycles with plastic handles, pedals, seats and tires are an example of a commodity with a limited amount of plastics.) See U.F.C. Standard No. 8 1 -1 for classification of Groups A, B and C plastics. Examples of Class III commodities would include, but are not limited to, the following: Combustible fiberboard Cork, baled Feed, bagged Fertilizers, bagged Furniture (wood, natural fiber, upholstered, nonplastic or wood or metal with plastic -padded and covered arm rests) Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in metal cans Lumber (stored flat) Mattresses (excluding foamed rubber and foamed plastics) Nonflammable liquids in plastic containers Paints, oil base, in metal cans Paper and pulp, horizontal storage Paper, waste, baled Pillows (excluding foamed rubber and foamed plastics) Plastic -coated paper food containers Plywood Rags, baled Rugs (no foamed backing) Sugar, bagged Wood, baled Wood doors, frames and cabinets Yarns (natural fiber and viscose) Class IV commodity is Class I, II or III products containing an appreciable amount of Group A plastics in ordinary corrugated cartons and Class I, II and III products in corrugated cartons with Group A plastic packaging, with or without pallets. Group B plastics and free -flowing Group A plastics are also included in this class. Examples of Class IV commodities would include, but not be limited 310 1985 EDITION 81.104-81.105 to, the following: Alcohol (over 20 percent but under 80 percent) in cans, or bottles in cartons Clothing, synthetic or nonviscose Furniture, plastic upholstered Furniture, wood or metal with plastic covering and/or padding Glycol in combustible containers Linoleum products Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in combustible container Lumber (stored vertical) Paints, oil base in combustible containers Pharmaceuticals, alcoholic elixirs, tonics, etc. Rubbergoods Rugs, foamed back Shingles, asphalt Thread or yarn, synthetic or nonviscose Class V commodities are high -hazard products presenting special fire hazards beyond those of Class I, II, III or IV. Examples of Class V commodities would include, but are not limited to, the following: Aerosol (flammable) Alcohol, 80 percent or higher, in bottles in cartons Lacquers (which dry by solvent evaporation) in metal cans or cartons Mattresses, foamed rubber or foamed plastics Pallets and flats (idle combustible) Paper, asphalt, rolled, horizontal storage Paper, asphalt, rolled, vertical storage Paper and pulp, rolled, vertical storage (unbanded) Pillows, foamed rubber and foamed plastics Plastic products in cartons (ABS, polystyrene polyethylene) Plastic, foamed urethane and polystyrene Pyroxylin Rubber tires Note: Plastic materials listed within each commodity classification are assumed to be not modified for improved combustibility characteristics. Use of flame -retarding modifiers or the physical form of the material may change the classification. Fire Protection Sec. 81.105. Fire protection for buildings used for high -piled combustible storage shall be in accordance with Table No. 81.105 and the Building Code. Nationally recognized standards or guidelines as applicable may be used when approved by the chief. 311 TABLE NO.81.105—REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION I PILE IC SMALL HOSE CONNECTION AUTOMATIC DESIGNATED STORAGE AREA BUILDING ACCESS AISLE WIDTH DIMENSION PERMITTED2 USABLE STORAGES FE TBPER PILE MECHAN- ICAL SMOKE SMOKE AND FIRE-E%TIN- GUISHING SMOKE DETECTION Addi- COMMODITY (squarefootage)' (See. 81.109) (min. ft.) (max. ft.) (max. ht./ft.) (max.) REMOVAL HEAT VENTS ilh" Valves tional Equip. SYSTEMS SYSTEMS4 I-V 0-500 N/115 N/R N/R N/R N!R N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R I -IV 501-2,500 N'R5 8 100 40 100.000 N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R Yes V6 501-2,500 N/R5 8 50 20 %000 N/R N/R Yes 7 N/R Yes 1-IV 2,501-12,000 N/R5 8 100 40 400.000 N/R N/R N/R N/R Yes N/R I -IV 2,501-12,000 Yes $ 100 40 200.000 Not Yes Yes 7 N/R Yes permitted 1-IV 12,001-20,000 Yes 8 100 40 400,000 N/R N/R Yes N/R I -IV 20,001-300,000 Yes 8 100 Yes 7 Yes N/R I -IV Storage Yes 8 100 ° ° 7 Yes 10 exceeding 40 feet in height T375. or storage in excess of 300,00011 V6 2,501-50,000 Yes 88 50 ° 6 Ycs 76 Yes° 'High -piled stock area may be treated as a separate area if it is separated from other areas of the building with a two-hour area separation wall or individual areas are a minimum 60 feet apart measured horizontally in a direct line and with no combustible storage between piles 2Not applicable to double- or single -row rack storage with adjacent aisles. 310sable storage height is the distance from the floor to a point not less than 18 inches below the ceiling sprinkler head deflector. <AII smoke detection systems shall be supervised and installed throughout the building. Me provisions of Section 10.207 shall apply. 6Nationally recognized standards or guidelines as applicable to specific commodities may be used when approved by the chief. 7Hose, nozzles and cabinets or covers may be required by the chief. sAccess aisles shall be provided as specified in 81.108. Where precluded by high -rack storage systems alternate methods of access and alternate approved methods of protection may be provided as approved by the chief. 9Smoke and heat vents or mechanical smoke -removal systems shall be provided. The type of system to be used shall be approved by the chief, based on nationally recognized engineering practices. IoAs approved by the chief. 'Special fire protection provisions, such as but not limited to, area separation walls, fire protection of exposed steel, in -rack smoke detection, increased sprinkler density or additional in -rack sprinklers may be required by the chief. N/R—Not Required 81.106-81.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Automatic Fire -extinguishing Systems Sec. 81.106. (a) General. The design and installation of automatic fire - extinguishing systems shall conform to requirements in the Building Code and U.F.C. Standard No. 8 1 -1 or No. 81-2. (b) System Design. The fire -extinguishing systems shall be designed by a registered engineer or approved designer and shall be approved by the chief. The chief shall be guided by the standards and recommendations of the National Fire Protection Association, Factory Mutual Engineering or other nationally recog- nized fire protection authorities. Smoke Venting and Removal Sec. 81.107. (a) General. When required by Table No. 81.105, smoke and heat vents or mechanical smoke removal systems shall conform to the require- ments of this section. (b) Smoke and Heat Vents and Curtain Boards. The design and installation of smoke and heat vents and curtain boards shall be as specified in the Building Code, except as modified by the following: 1. Smoke and heat vents shall be approved and shall be operated automat- ically by actuation of a heat -responsive device rated at between 100'E and 220'R above ambient. Approved smoke and heat vents shall activate fully when the vent cavity is exposed to a simulated fire or a time -temperature gradient that reaches an air temperature of 500'R within five minutes. Smoke and heat vents shall have the capability of being opened by an approved manual operation. 2. The minimum dimension of any smoke and heat vent opening shall be not less than 4 feet. 3. Smoke and heat vents and curtain boards shall be installed in accordance with Table No. 81.107. (c) Mechanical Smoke -removal Systems. Mechanical smoke -removal sys- tem capability shall be determined by the following: 1. Curtain boards shall be provided in accordance with Table No. 81.107. 2. Air movement formula: V = A x 300 V = Volume of mechanical ventilation required, in CFM A = Area of roof vents provided in square feet in accordance with Table No. 81.107. 3. Supply air for exhaust fans shall be provided at or near the floor level and shall be sized to provide a minimum of 50 percent of required exhaust. Openings for supply air shall be uniformly distributed around the periphery of the area served. 4. Fan requirements: A. The maximum individual capacity of a fan shall be 30,000 CFM. B. Exhaust fans shall be uniformly spaced within each curtained area and the maximum distance between fans shall not be greater than 100 feet. 314 1985 EDITION 81.107 C. Thermal protection of wiring and smoke -removal fan units shall be based upon a 1000T exposure for not less than 15 minutes. Control requirements: A. On combination comfort air-handling/smoke-removal systems or inde- pendent comfort air -handling systems, fans shall be controlled to shut down in accordance with the automatic shutoff requirements of the Mechanical Code or by activation of automatic extinguishing or detec- tion systems. B. Electrical service to the smoke -removal systems shall be connected on the line side of the main electrical disconnect. C. The smoke -removal system fire department control panel shall be in an approved location and shall be clearly identified. The control panel room shall be protected by not less than a one -hour occupancy separa- tion as defined in the Building Code. The room shall be accessible from the exterior of the building. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be required in the panel room. D. Controls shall be designed for selective control of each curtained area. 315 i Q V TABLE NO.81.107 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION DESIGNATED STORAGE HEIGHT CURTAIN BOARD DEPTH MAXIMUM AREA FORMED BY CURTAIN BOARDS VENT AREA TO FLOOR AREA RATIO MAXIMUM SPACING OF VENT CENTERS MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM WALL OR CURTAIN BOARDS I through IV 20 ft. or less 6 ft. 10,000 sq. ft. 1:100 100 ft. 60 ft. I through IV over 20 ft. to 40 ft. 6 ft. 8,000 sq. ft. 1:75 100 ft. 55 ft. I through IV 20 ft. or less 4 ft. 3,000 sq. ft. 1:75 100 ft. 55 ft. I through IV over 20 ft. to 40 ft. 4 ft. 3,000 sq. ft. 1:50 100 ft. 50 ft. V 20 ft. or less 6 ft. 6,000 sq. ft. 1:50 100 ft. 50 ft. V over 20 ft. to 30 ft. 6 ft. 6,000 sq. ft. 1:40 90 ft. 45 ft. V 30 ft. or less 4 ft. 2,000 sq. ft. 1:30 75 ft. 40 ft. Note: For storage heights in excess of those indicated, an engineered design shall be submitted for approval. 1985 EDITION 81.108-81.111 Aisles Sec. 81.108. (a) General. Aisles of not less than 44 inches in width shall be established to provide access to exits and fire department access doors and shall comply with the following: 1. Aisles shall extend from floor to ceiling unless otherwise approved by the chief. 2. For aisles separating storage piles, see U.F.C. Standard No. 8 1 -1 or No. 81-2. 3. Rack structural support may be permitted across aisles above the 6-foot 8- inch level if it does not interfere with hose streams or accessibility. (b) Aisles in High -rack Storage Systems. For aisles in high -rack storage systems, see Table No. 81.105, Footnote 1. Access to Building Sec. 81.109. (a) Access Roadways. Access roadways shall be provided to within 150 feet of all portions of the exterior walls of any buildings used for high - piled combustible storage in excess of 12,000 square feet, regardless of the provisions of Section 10.207 (c). (b) Access Doors. For fire fighting purposes, there shall be at least one access door accessible without the use of a ladder and not less than 3 feet in width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches in height in each 100 lineal feet or major fraction thereof of the exterior walls which face the access roadways required by Section 10.207 (c). Metal roll -up doors are not acceptable for such purposes unless approved by the chief. EXCEPTION: In buildings protected with an automatic fire -extinguishing sys- tem throughout and having less than 12,000 square feet of high -piled stock of Class I through Class IV commodity, access doors are not required. Small Hose Connections Sec. 81.110. (a) General. Small hose connections complying with U.F.C. Standard No. 81-1 or No. 81-2 shall be provided as shown in Table No. 81.105. (b) Hose and Nozzles. Hose and nozzles may be omitted when approved by the fire chief. (c) Nozzle Selection. Where provided, nozzles shall be selected for proper operation based on the hydraulic characteristics of the automatic sprinkler sys- tem. (d) Connection Protection. Small hose connections shall be protected from damage by physical impact. High -rack Storage Systems Sec. 81.111. (a) Approvals. Prior to the use of any building as a high -rack storage facility, the approval of the fire chief shall be obtained. (b) Special Considerations. Installation of high -rack storage systems will require special considerations such as separation from other buildings, built-in fire protection and fire department access and shall be as required by the chief. 317 82.101-82.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 82 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES Scope Sec. 82.101. This article shall apply to the storage, handling and transportation of liquefied petroleum gas and the installation of all equipment pertinent to systems for such uses. Permits and Reports of Installations Sec. 82.102. (a) For a permit to install or maintain an LP -gas container or operate LP -gas tank vehicles, see Section 4.101. (b) Installers shall maintain a record of all installations for which a permit is not required by Section 4.101 (but not including installation of gas -burning appliances and replacing of portable cylinders) and have it available for inspection by the chief. Inspection of Installations Sec. 82.103. It shall be the duty of the chief to inspect a reasonable number of liquefied petroleum gas installations to determine if compliance is being made with the provisions of this article. Installation of Equipment Sec. 82.104. All liquefied petroleum gas equipment, including such equip- ment installed at utility gas plants, shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of U.F.C. Standard No. 82-1 and U.F.C. Standard No. 82-2, except as otherwise provided in this article or in other laws or regulations legally in effect. Location of Containers Sec. 82.105. (a) Within the limits established by law restricting the storage of liquefied petroleum gas for the protection of heavily populated or congested commercial areas, the aggregate capacity of any one installation shall not exceed 2000 gallons water capacity, except that in particular installations this capacity limit may be altered at the discretion of the chief after consideration of special features such as topographical conditions, nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings, capacity of proposed tanks, degree of private fire protection to be provided and facilities of the local fire department. The storage of liquefied petroleum gas shall conform to the provisions of the local zoning ordinance. (b) Multiple container installations with a total storage water capacity of more than 180,000 gallons (150,000 gallons LP -gas capacity) shall be subdivided into groups containing not more than 180,000 gallons in each group. Such groups shall be separated by a distance of not less than 50 feet, unless the tanks are (1) mounted in an approved manner, or (2) protected with approved insulation on such areas that may be subject to impingement of ignited gas from pipelines or other leakage, or (3) protected by firewalls of approved construction, or (4) protected by an approved system for application of water, or (5) protected by other approved means. Where one of these forms of protection is provided, the separation shall not be less than 25 feet between such container groups. 318 1985 EDITION 82.105-82.108 (c) The storage and transportation of liquefied petroleum gas and the installa- tion of all pertinent equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 82-1 and subject to the approval of the chief. These orders shall apply to all persons and places within the jurisdiction except as herein provided. (d) Containers shall be located with respect to buildings or line of adjoining property which may be built upon in accordance with the following table: TABLE NO.82.105 CONTAINER CAPACITY (U.S. Gallons) MINIMUM DISTANCE Less than 100 5 feet 100 to 500 10 feet 500 to 1200 25 feet Over 1200 50 feet NOTE: At the discretion of the chief, containers may be located a lesser distance to buildings of not less than one -hour fire -resistive construction in accordance with the Building Code, provided the above distances applied to openings in buildings are main- tained and the relief valves will not discharge in the direction of a means of egress or against the building. (e) A stationary storage tank shall be not less than 10 feet from the nearest street line or sidewalk. (f) Liquefied petroleum gas storage shall be separated from flammable or combustible liquid storage as specified in Section 79.505 (c). Parking and Garaging Sec. 82.106. (a) The parking and garaging of tank vehicles used for the transportation of liquefied petroleum gases shall be in accordance with Article 79. (b) During the unloading or transfer of liquefied petroleum gas, the tank truck shall be located or parked clear of a public thoroughfare, unless: 1. The failure to transfer would create a hazard. 2. It is impossible due to topography. Prohibited Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Sec. 82.107. (a) Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be used for the purpose of operating any device or equipment unless such equipment or device is approved for use with a liquefied petroleum gas. (b) Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be released to the atmosphere except through an approved liquid -level gage or other approved device. Dispensing and Overfilling Sec. 82.108. (a) The dispensing of liquefied petroleum gases shall be per- formed by a qualified attendant. EXCEPTION: An attendant is not required for a liquified petroleum gas -dis- pensing system, including key, code and cardlock dispensing systems, which is not open to the public and which is limited to the filling of permanently mounted fuel 319 82.108-82.112 UNIFORM FIRE CODE _ tanks on LPG -powered vehicles, provided the system is in accordance with the 9 following: 1. The system is provided with an emergency shutoff switch to be located within 75 feet but not less than 25 feet from the dispenser. 2. The system's site shall be provided with a fire alarm transmitting device. Such a device may be a telephone. 3. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Article 10. 4. Operating instructions shall be posted and maintained in an appropriate location. 5. The owner of the dispensing facility shall be accountable for the safe operation of the system and the training of the users thereof. (b) It shall be illegal for any person, firm, corporation, association, club or organization to operate a self-service liquefied petroleum gas -dispensing opera- tion which is open to the public. (c) A person shall not fill or maintain a liquefied petroleum gas container with liquefied petroleum gas in excess of the fixed outage gage installed by the manufacturer or the weight stamped on the tank. Safety Devices Sec. 82.109. A person shall not tamper with or make ineffective the safety devices of any liquefied petroleum gas container. Smoking and Open -flame Devices Sec. 82.110. (a) The chief may require the posting of NO SMOKING signs. No person shall smoke within 25 feet of any LP -gas container of 1200-gallon capacity or less, nor within 50 feet of any such container over 1200-gallon capacity. (b) A person shall not install or maintain any open -flame device outside of buildings within 25 feet of any LP -gas container having a capacity of 1200 gallons or less, nor within 50 feet of any such container having a capacity over 1200 gallons. (c) A person shall not install or maintain any LP -gas container with a capacity of 1200 gallons or less within 25 feet of any open -flame device outside of buildings, nor shall any person install or maintain any such container with a capacity in excess of 1200 gallons within 50 feet of any such open -flame device. Clearance of Combustibles Sec. 82.111. All weeds, grass, brush, trash or other combustible material shall be kept a minimum of 10 feet away from all LP -gas tanks or containers. Abandonment of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Equipment Sec. 82.112. Whenever the use of liquefied petroleum gas equipment has been discontinued, it shall be abandoned in an approved manner within a period of 30 days. All of the following procedures may be used when approved by the chief: 1. Removal of all liquefied petroleum equipment. Burn -off of contents of container. 320 1985 EDITION 82.112-82.113 3. Venting contents of container to atmosphere when discharge of gas can be led to a safe point of discharge. 4. All service openings shall be capped or plugged after contents have been removed from container. Protecting Containers from Vehicles Sec. 82.113. LP -gas containers located in areas such as alleys, driveways or parking lots where they may be damaged by vehicles shall be protected. 321 83.101-83.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 83 MATCHES Permits Sec. 83.101. For a permit to manufacture or store more than 60 matchman's gross (14,400 matches each gross) of matches, see Section 4.101. Wholesale Storage Sec. 83.102. (a) At wholesale establishments and wherever matches exceeding 60 matchman's gross are stored, shipping containers containing matches shall be arranged in piles not exceeding 10 feet in height nor 1500 cubic feet in volume with aisles at least 4 feet wide. (b) Where other materials or commodities are stored on the same floor with matches, a portion of the room shall be devoted to match storage exclusively and a clear space of not less than 4 feet maintained between match storage and such other materials or commodities. Storage Not to Be Near Vertical Openings Sec. 83.103. Matches shall not be stored within 10 feet of any open elevator shaft, elevator shaft opening, open stairway or other vertical opening. Match Bins Required Sec. 83.104. Where shipping containers containing matches are opened, the contents of such broken containers shall be removed and stored in metal or metal - lined bins equipped with self -closing metal or metal -lined covers. Storage by Retailers Sec. 83.105. Where matches are sold at retail, original sealed packages may be stored on shelves. When such packages are broken, individual boxes shall be stored in metal or metal -lined bins as described in Section 83.104. 322 1985 EDITION ARTICLE 84 MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION 84.101-84.105 Scope Sec. 84.101. The provisions of this article shall apply where ribbon -type cellulose acetate or other safety film is used in conjunction with electric arc, xenon or other light -source projection equipment which develops hazardous gases, dust or radiation. The provisions of this article shall apply to the projection of ribbon -type cellulose nitrate film regardless of the light source used in projection. Projection Room Sec. 84.102. (a) Every motion picture projection machine used for projecting film regulated under Section 84.101 shall be operated within a motion picture projection room complying with the requirements of the Building Code. (b) Projection rooms which are limited to the projection of safety film shall be posted on the outside of each projection room door and within the projection room itself with a conspicuous sign with 1-inch block letters stating SAFETY FILM ONLY IS PERMITTED IN THIS ROOM. (c) There shall be installed and maintained ready for use in every projection room not less than two approved fire extinguishers with at least a 10-B:C rating. Smoking Sec. 84.103. A person shall not smoke or maintain any other source of ignition within any projection room in which cellulose nitrate film is permitted, nor shall the operator or manager of the premises permit any person to smoke or to maintain any other source of ignition within said projection room. Conspicuous NO SMOKING signs shall be posted in such a room. Projection Equipment Sec. 84.104. A person owning, controlling or managing any motion picture projection equipment shall not use or permit the use of projection equipment or film which is in a hazardous condition. Film Storage and Use Sec. 84.105. (a) Cellulose nitrate film may not be used or stored except within an enclosed film magazine, an approved storage cabinet or transportation con- tainer. Rewinding of cellulose nitrate film shall be done within an enclosed film rewind machine. Examination of film may be done on an open hand rewind machine with not more than one reel outside an approved container at any time. (b) Safety film which is not mounted for projection shall be stored in approved transportation containers or an approved film cabinet. 323 85.101-85.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 85 ELECTRICAL Scope Sec. 85.101. This article applies to the permanent or temporary use of electri- cal appliances, fixtures, motor or wiring. EXCEPTION: Low -voltage wiring, such as communications and signal wiring. This article shall be enforced in cooperation with the authority having jurisdic- tion for the enforcement of the Electrical Code. Definitions Sec. 85.102. For the purposes of this article, certain terms are defined as follows: APPLIANCE or FIXTURE is a device or machine that is operated by electricity to perform a specific task or function and shall be known as: (a) Fixed: An appliance or fixture which is fastened or otherwise secured at a specific location. (b) Portable: An appliance or fixture which is actually moved or can easily be moved from one place to another in normal use. (c) Stationary: An appliance or fixture which is not easily moved from one place to another in normal use. EXTENSION CORD (portable flexible cord) is wiring of any length which has one male connector on one end and one or more female connectors on the other. FLEXIBLE CORD is wiring which is attached to an appliance or fixture in accordance with the manufacturer's design for the purpose of attaching to a receptacle for power supply. MULTIPLUG ADAPTER is any device that plugs into a receptacle and allows that receptacle to supply power to more appliances or fixtures than that for which it was originally designed, such as cube adapters, strip plugs and multiplug extension cords. PERMANENT WIRING is any wiring affixed to a structure in accordance with the Electrical Code. RECEPTACLE is an electrical outlet designed for use with a plug or connector for the purpose of supplying electrical power to an appliance or fixture. TEMPORARY WIRING is wiring installed in an approved manner for a specified period when approved by the authority enforcing the Electrical Code. Use of Temporary Wiring Sec. 85.103. (a) During Construction. Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations shall be permitted during the period of construction, remodeling, repair or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or similar activities. (b) During Special Events and Holidays. Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations shall be permitted for a period not to exceed 90 324 1985 EDITION 85.103-85.109 days for Christmas decorative lighting, carnivals and similar purposes, and for experimental or developmental work. (c) Attachment to Structures. When temporary wiring is attached to a structure, it shall be attached in an approved manner. Abatement of Electrical Hazards Sec. 85.104. When any electrical hazards are identified, measures to abate such conditions shall be taken. All identified hazardous electrical conditions in permanent wiring shall be brought to the attention of the authority enforcing the Electrical Code. Electrical Motors Sec. 85.105. All electrical motors shall be maintained in a manner free from accumulations of oil, dirt, waste and other debris which will interfere with required motor ventilation or create a fire hazard. Extension Cords d Sec. 85.106. (a) Prohibited Use. Extension cords shall not be used as a substitute for permanent wiring. (b) Use with Portable Appliances. Extension cords are permitted only with portable appliances or fixtures, while in immediate use, in accordance with the following: 1. Each extension cord shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle and shall, except for approved multiplug extension cords, serve only one appliance or fixture. 2. The current capacity of the cord shall be not less than the rated capacity of the appliance or fixture. 3. The extension cord is maintained in good condition without splices, deterioration or damage. 4. The extension cord is of the grounded type when servicing grounded appliances or fixtures. (c) Installation. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be affixed to structures, extend through walls, ceilings, floors, under doors or floor coverings, nor be subject to environmental damage or physical impact. Multiplug Adapters Sec. 85.107. The use of multiplug adapters such as multiplug extension cords, cube adapters, strip plugs or any other device that does not comply with this code or the Electrical Code is prohibited. Access Sec. 85.108. A minimum of 30 inches of clearance shall be provided in front of electrical control panels for access. Nonapproved Appliances Sec. 85.109. Electrical appliances or fixtures shall not be sold, offered for sale or rent, disposed of by gift or premium, nor made available for use or used unless they are of an approved type. 325 86.101-86.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 86 PESTICIDES —STORAGE Scope Sec. 86.101. This division shall apply to both inside and outside storage of all forms of pesticides in portable containers other than fixed installation on transpor- tation equipment. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Highly toxic pesticides, see Article 80. 2. Storage in dwellings or private garages of pesticides registered by the Environ- mental Protection Agency for use around the home. Such pesticides are registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act of 1945 (FIFRA) as amended by the Federal Economic Poison Control Act of 1972. General Requirements Sec. 86.102 (a) Containment of Hose Stream Runoff. Pesticide storage shall be located or constructed so that runoff from fire -fighting operations will not contaminate streams, ponds, groundwaters, croplands, pasture land or buildings. (b) Flammable or Combustible. Pesticides that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored in accordance with the provisions of Article 79. (c) Oxidizers. Pesticides that are oxidizing agents shall be stored in accordance with Article 80. (d) Storage with Ammonium Nitrate. Pesticides shall not be stored in the same area with ammonium nitrate fertilizer. (e) Storage Methods. Pesticides shall be stored in accordance with the rec- ommendations of the manufacturer. Storage of pesticides shall be arranged according to compatibility. (f) Location of Storage. Pesticides shall not be stored in basements. Pesticide storage shall be restricted to a first -story room or area which has direct access to the outside without passing through intervening rooms or cor- ridors. EXCEPTION: A facility used exclusively for pesticide storage. (g) Storage on Damp Floors. Pesticides in containers which could be damaged by moisture or water shall be stored off the floor. (h) Damaged Containers. Leaking or damaged containers of pesticides or materials contaminated by pesticides shall be immediately segregated and dis- posed of or decontaminated in accordance with regulatory requirements, man- ufacturer's instructions or recommended industry practice. (i) Toxicity Data. Material safety data sheets for each toxic pesticide shall be available at each storage location. Signs Sec. 86.103.(a) Identification of Buildings, Rooms or Areas. Pesticide storage buildings, storage rooms or storage areas shall be identified by prominent and legible signs in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3. 326 1985 EDITION 86.103-86.108 (b) Container Labels. Each group of pesticide containers shall have labels visible to readily permit identification. Fire Protection Sec. 86.104. Storage facilities shall be protected in accordance with the provisions of Article 10. Emergency Management Sec. 86.105. Emergency preplanning and post -fire management shall be established and displayed to assist in proper action. Display Sec. 86.106. The quantity of pesticides in rooms or areas accessible to the public shall be limited to that needed for display. Drums and large packages shall be stacked in a safe manner. Storage Areas Sec. 86.107. (a) Designating Areas. A separate building, room, portion of a building or outside area shall be designated as the pesticide storage area. (b) Security. The storage area shall be secured in such a manner as to prevent unauthorized entry. Pesticides Stored as Compressed Gases Sec. 86.108. (a) Sources of Heat. Compressed gas pesticides shall be stored away from heat (steam pipes, heaters, direct sun). (b) Anchoring. All compressed gas cylinders in service or in storage shall be adequately secured to prevent their falling or being knocked over. (c) Closing Containers and Safety Cap. Containers shall be tightly closed and provided with a safety cap when not in use, whether empty or full. (d) Separation from Other Gases. Pesticide containers shall be separated from other compressed gases by pipe railings or other effective means. 327 87.101-87.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 87 FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION OR DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING Scope Sec. 87.101. Any building undergoing construction, alteration or demolition shall comply with the provisions of this article. Approval Sec. 87.102. Approval of the safety precautions required for buildings being constructed, altered or demolished may be required in addition to any other approval required for a specific operation or process associated with such con- struction, alteration or demolition. EXCEPTION: Group R, Division 3 and Group M, Divisions 1 and 2 Occupancies. Fire Safety During Construction Sec. 87.103. (a) General. Buildings under construction shall comply with the provisions of this section. (b) Access Roads. Fire department access roads shall be established and maintained in accordance with Section 10.207 of this code. EXCEPTION: When approved by the fire chief, temporary access roads of a width, vertical clearance and surface such as to permit access by fire department apparatus may be permitted until permanent roads are installed. (c) Water Supply. Water mains and hydrants shall be installed and be opera- tional in accordance with the provisions of Sections 10.301 (c), (d) and (e) of this code. EXCEPTION: When approved by the fire chief, temporary water supply for fire protection may be permitted, pending installation of permanent fire -protection systems. (d) Fire Extinguishers and Standpipes. 1. General. During the construction of a building and until the permanent fire -extinguishing system has been installed and is in service, fire protection shall be provided in accordance with this section. 2. Fire extinguishers. The chief may designate the number and type of fire extinguishers to be provided for all buildings under construction. The type of appliance shall be suitable for fire associated with the hazards present. 3. Where required. Every building six stories or more in height shall be provided with not less than one standpipe for use during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed when the progress of construction is not more than 50 feet in height above grade. Such standpipe shall be provided with fire department hose connections at accessible locations adjacent to usable stairs and the stand- pipe outlets shall be located adjacent to such usable stairs. Such standpipe systems shall be extended as construction progresses to within one floor of the highest point of construction having secured decking or flooring. 328 1985 EDITION 87.103 In each floor there shall be provided a 2'/2-inch valve outlet for fire department use. Where construction height requires installation of a Class III standpipe, fire pumps and water main connections shall be provided to serve the standpipe. 4. Temporary standpipes. Temporary standpipes may be provided in place of permanent systems if they are designed to furnish 75 gallons of water per minute at 50 pounds per square inch pressure with a standpipe size of not less than 4 inches. All outlets shall be not less than 21/2 inches. Pumping equipment sufficient to provide this pressure and volume shall be available at all times when a Class III standpipe system is required. 5. Detailed requirements. Standpipe systems for buildings under con- struction shall be installed as required for permanent standpipe systems. (e) Combustible Debris. Combustible debris shall not be accumulated within any building. Combustible debris, rubbish and waste material shall be removed from the building as often as practical. Combustible debris, waste material or trash shall not be burned on the site unless approved. (f) Motor Equipment. Internal -combustion -powered construction equipment shall be used in accordance with the following: 1. Equipment shall be located so that exhausts do not discharge against combustible material. 2. Whenever possible, exhausts shall be piped to the outside of the building. 3. Equipment shall not be refueled while in operation. 4. Fuel for equipment shall be stored in an approved area outside of the building. (g) Heating Devices. Temporary heating devices shall be of a type approved by the fire chief, located away from combustible materials and attended and main- tained by competent personnel. (h) Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited, except in those areas approved by the fire chief. When required by the fire chief, a suitable number and type of NO SMOKING signs shall be posted. (i) Cutting and Welding. Cutting and welding operations shall be in accor- dance with the provisions of Article 49 of this code. 0) Flame -producing Equipment. The use of torches or flame -producing devices for the sweating of pipe joints shall be in accordance with Section 11.408 of this code. (k) Flammable Liquids. The storage, handling and use of flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79 of this code. Ventilation shall be provided for operations utilizing the application of materials containing flammable sol- vents. Open -flame devices or other sources of ignition shall not be located in an area where flammable materials are being used. (1) Asphalt and Tar Kettles. Asphalt and tar kettles shall be located and operated in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.403 of this code. (m) Temporary Electrical Wiring. Temporary electrical wiring shall comply with the provisions of Article 85 of this code. (n) Building Access. When required by the fire chief, access to the building for 329 87.103-87.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE the purpose of fire fighting shall be provided. Construction material shall not block access to the building, hydrants or other fire appliances. (o) Emergency Telephone. When required by the fire chief, telephone facili- ties shall be provided at the construction site for the purpose of emergency notification of the fire department. The street address of the construction site shall be posted adjacent to the telephone together with the fire department telephone number. (p) Fire -protection Plan. When required by the fire chief, a fire -protection plan shall be established. Alterations of Buildings Sec. 87.104. (a) General. Alterations of buildings shall be in accordance with the Building Code, applicable provisions of Section 87.103, and this section. (b) Fire -protection Systems. When the building is protected by fire -protection systems, such systems shall be maintained operational at all times during alteration. When alteration requires modification of a portion of a system, the remainder of the system shall be kept in service. When it is necessary to shut down the entire system, a fire watch shall be kept on site until the system is returned to service. (c) Exits. All required exit components shall be maintained in accordance with Article 12. EXCEPTION: Approved temporary exiting system or facilities may be provided. (d) Fire -resistive Assemblies and Construction. Fire -resistive assemblies and construction shall be maintained in accordance with Sections 10.401 and 10.402 (a). Fire Safety During Demolition Sec. 87.105. (a) General. Demolition of buildings shall comply with the provisions of this section and, where applicable, Sections 87.103 and 87.104. (b) Automatic Sprinkler System. When a building to be demolished contains a sprinkler system, such system shall not be rendered inoperative without approval of the chief. (c) Fire Hose. Suitable fire hose as required by the fire chief shall be main- tained at the demolition site. Such hose shall be connected to an approved source of water and in a manner so as not to impede fire department use of hydrants. (d) Cutting and Welding. Demolition operations involving the use of cutting and welding shall be done in accordance with Section 49.107 of this code. (e) Burning of Combustible Waste. Combustible waste material, trash or rubbish shall not be burned at the demolition site, unless approved. Accumula- tions of such material shall be removed from the site as often as necessary to minimize the hazards therefrom. (f) Fire Guards. When in the opinion of the chief the demolition of a building is of a hazardous nature, the chief may require qualified personnel to serve as on - site fire guards. The sole duty of such fire guards shall be to watch for the occurrence of fire. 330 1986 EDITION APPENDIX APPENDIX I -A Division I REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO B EXISTING BUILDINGS B APPENDIX I -A LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING B BUILDINGS OTHER THAN HIGH-RISE 1. GENERAL B (a) Purpose. The purpose of this appendix is to provide a reasonable degree of B o safety to persons occupying existing buildings by providing for alterations to such h existing buildings which do not conform with the minimum requirements of this B W W= code. EXCEPTION: Group R, Division 3; Group M; and high-rise occupanciesi o (b) Effective Date. Within 18 months after the effective date of this appendix, plans for compliance shall be submitted and approved, and within 18 months B thereafter the work shall be completed or the building shall be vacated until made B d y to conform. 2. EXITS s (a) Number of Exits. Every floor above the first story used for human occupancy shall have access to at least two separate exits, one of which may be an exterior fire escape complying with Subsection (d) of this section. Subject to the approval of the chief, an approved ladder device may be used in lieu of a fire escape when the construction feature or location of the building on the property makes the installation of a fire escape impracticable. EXCEPTION: In all occupancies, second stories with an occupant load of 10 or less may have one exit. An exit ladder device when used in lieu of a fire escape shall conform with U.B.C. Standard No. 33-3 and the following: 1. Serves an occupant load of 10 or less or a single dwelling unit or guest room. 2. The building does not exceed three stories in height. 1 3. The access is adjacent to an opening as specified for emergency egress or B rescue or from a balcony. B 4. Shall not pass in front of any building opening below the unit being served. 5. The availability of activating the device for the ladder is accessible only B from the opening or balcony served. 1 6. So installed that it will not cause a person using it to be within 6 feet of B exposed electrical wiring. B (b) Stair Construction. All required stairs shall have a minimum run of 9 331 APPENDIX I -A UNIFORM FIRE CODE B inches and a maximum rise of 8 inches and shall have a minimum width of 30 I inches, exclusive of handrails. Every stairway shall have at least one handrail. A B landing having a minimum 30-inch run in the direction of travel shall be provided I at each point of access to the stairway. B EXCEPTION: Fire escapes as provided for in this section. sExterior stairs shall be of noncombustible construction. EXCEPTION: On buildings of Types I1I, IV and V, provided the exterior stairs g are constructed of wood not less than 2-inch nominal thickness. (c) Corridors. Corridors of Groups A, B, E, I, H and R, Division 1 Occupan- ts cies serving as an exit for an occupant load of 30 or more shall have walls and I ceilings of not less than one -hour fire -resistive construction as required by the B Building Code. Existing walls surfaced with wood lath and plaster in good I condition or 1/2-inch gypsum wallboard or openings with fixed wired glass set in B steel frames are permitted for corridor walls and ceilings and occupancy separa- I tions when approved. Doors opening into such corridors shall be protected by 20- B minute fire assemblies or solid wood doors not less than 13/4 inches thick. Where I the existing frame will not accommodate the 13/4-inch-thick door, a 13/8-inch-thick I solid bonded wood core door or equivalent insulated steel door shall be permitted. B Doors shall be self -closing or automatic -closing by smoke detection. Transoms I and openings other than doors from corridors to rooms shall comply with Section B 3305 (h) of the Building Code or shall be covered with a minimum of 3/4-inch plywood or 1/2-inch gypsum wallboard or equivalent material on the room side. iEXCEPTION: Existing corridor walls, ceilings and opening protection not in B compliance with the above may be continued when such buildings are protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout. Such sprinkler system may be supplied from the domestic water system if it is of adequate volume and pressure. B (d) Fire Escapes. 1. Existing fire escapes which in the opinion of the chief B comply with the intent of this section may be used as one of the required exits. The location and anchorage of fire escapes shall be of approved design and B construction. 2. Fire escapes shall comply with the following: B Access from a corridor shall not be through an intervening room. All openings within 10 feet shall be protected by three -fourths -hour fire assemblies. When located within a recess or vestibule, adjacent enclosure walls shall be of not less than one -hour fire -resistive construction. B Egress from the building shall be by a clear opening having a minimum I dimension of not less than 29 inches. Such openings shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort. The sill of an I B opening giving access shall be not more than 30 inches above the floor of the I building or balcony. B Fire escape stairways and balconies shall support the dead load plus a live load I of not less than 100 pounds per square foot and shall be provided with a top and B intermediate handrail on each side. The pitch of the stairway shall not exceed 60 I degrees with a minimum width of 18 inches. Treads shall be not less than 4 inches B in width and the rise between treads shall not exceed 10 inches. All stair and 332 1985 EDITION APPENDIX 1-A balcony railings shall support a horizontal force of not less than 50 pounds per lineal foot of railing. Balconies shall be not less than 44 inches in width with no floor opening other than the stairway opening greater than 5/8 inch in width. Stairway openings in such balconies shall be not less than 22 inches by 44 inches. The balustrade of each balcony shall be not less than 36 inches high with not more than 9 inches between balusters. Fire escapes shall extend to the roof or provide an approved gooseneck ladder between the top floor landing and the roof when serving buildings four or more stories in height having rooms with less than 4:12 slope. Fire escape ladders shall be designed and connected to the building to withstand a horiziontal force of 100 pounds per lineal foot; each rung shall support a concentrated load of 500 pounds placed anywhere on the rung. All ladders shall be at least 15 inches wide, located within 12 inches of the building and shall be placed flatwise relative to the face of the building. Ladder rungs shall be 1/4 inch in diameter and shall be located 12 inches on center. Openings for roof access ladders through cornices and similar projections shall have minimum dimensions of 30 inches by 33 inches. The lowest balcony shall be not more than 18 feet from the ground. Fire escapes shall extend to the ground or be provided with counterbalanced stairs reaching to the ground. Fire escapes shall not take the place of stairways required by the codes under which the building was constructed. Fire escapes shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and maintained in good working order. (e) Exit and Fire Escape Signs. Exit signs shall be provided as required by the Building Code. EXCEPTION: The use of existing exit signs may be continued when approved by the chief. All doors or windows providing access to a fire escape shall be provided with fire escape signs. 3. ENCLOSURE OF VERTICAL SHAFTS Interior vertical shafts, including but not limited to stairways, elevator hoist - ways, service and utility shafts, shall be enclosed by a minimum of one -hour fire - resistive construction. All openings into such shafts shall be protected with one - hour fire assemblies which shall be maintained self -closing or be automatic closing by smoke detection. All other openings shall be fire protected in an approved manner. Existing fusible link -type automatic door closing devices may be permitted if the fusible link rating does not exceed 135°F. EXCEPTIONS: 1. In other than Group I Occupancies, an enclosure will not be required for openings serving only one adjacent floor. 2. Stairways need not be enclosed in a continuous vertical shaft if each story is separated from other stories by one -hour fire -resistive construction or approved wired glass set in steel frames. In addition, all exit corridors shall be sprinklered and the openings between the corridor and occupant space have at least one sprinkler 333 APPENDIX 1-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE B head above the openings on the tenant side. The sprinkler system may be supplied from the domestic water supply if of adequate volume and pressure. B 3. Vertical openings need not be protected if the building is protected by an I approved automatic sprinkler system. B I 4. BASEMENT ACCESS OR SPRINKLER PROTECTION B An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in basements or I stories exceeding 1500 square feet in area and not having a minimum of 20 square B feet of opening entirely above the adjoining ground level in each 50 lineal feet or I fraction thereof of exterior wall on at least one side of the building. Openings shall have a minimum clear dimension of 30 inches. If any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet from required B openings, the basement shall be provided with an approved automatic sprinkler I system throughout. I 5. STANDPIPES B Any buildings over four stories in height shall be provided with an approved Class I or Class III standpipe system. 6. SMOKE DETECTORS Smoke detectors conforming to U.B.C. Standard No. 43-6 shall be installed in dwelling units and guest rooms of Group R, Division I Occupancies and in lodging houses of Group R, Division 3 Occupancies. Detectors shall be centrally located on the ceiling or wall of the main room or sleeping area. Where sleeping rooms are on an upper level, the detector shall be placed at the center of the ceiling directly above the stairway. All detectors shall be located in accordance with approved manufacturer's instructions. When actuated, the detector shall provide an alarm within the dwelling unit or guest room. Required smoke detectors shall receive their primary power from the building wiring when such wiring is serviced from a commercial source. Wiring shall be F permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than those required for overcurrent protection. When approved, battery -operated smoke detectors may be installed. B 7. SEPARATION OF OCCUPANCIES I Occupancy separations shall be provided as specified in Section 503 of the B Building Code. When approved by the chief, existing wood lath and plaster in Bgood condition or'/2-inch gypsum wallboard may be acceptable where one -hour I occupancy separations are required. 334 1985 EDITION APPENDIX I-B APPENDIX I-B LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS 2.1 GENERAL (a) Purpose. The purpose of this appendix is to provide a reasonable degree of safety to persons occupying existing high-rise buildings by requiring minimum standards for exit corridors, exit stairways and elevator shafts, monitored alarm systems and emergency plans. (b) Scope. The requirements shall apply to all high-rise buildings constructed prior to the adoption date of this appendix which have floors used for human occupancy located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of approved fire department vehicle access or other physical configuration that qualifies a building as high rise by local ordinance. (c) Permits Required. 1. Building permits shall be obtained as required by the Building Code. 2. Not less than 30 days prior to submitting plans for a building permit, a preplan review meeting shall be held, including the owner's design team, building official and the chief, to determine the adequacy of the life -safety emergency systems concept for the building. The life -safety emergency systems shall be reflected on the plans for the building and become a permanent part of the building department's records. The building official and the chief may require sufficient documentation, based upon engineering analysis, that the concept meets the intent of nationally recognized good practices and such guidelines as the building official and chief have published. (d) Enforcement. The provisions of this appendix shall be enforced by the chief. (e) Compliance. All buildings shall be made to conform with the requirements within the following time periods: 1. Subsections (m), (n) and (o) shall be completed within six months of the adoption date of this appendix. 2. The owners of buildings affected by Division II of the appendix or their representatives shall submit plans to the building official showing intended methods of compliance with Subsections (a) through (1) within six months of adoption date of this appendix. 3. Subsections (f), (g), 0) and (k) shall be completed within one year of the adoption date of this appendix. 4. Subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (h), (i) and (1) shall be completed within three years of the adoption date of this appendix. Note: Regardless of any specific compliance date stipulated above, a building shall not be deemed in violation of this appendix until such date has expired. (f) Alternate Materials or Methods. Deviations shall not be made from these requirements without approval of the chief. 335 9 0 a W� N� Y1C APPENDIX 1-13 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (g) Appeals. For the purpose of applying this appendix to existing buildings of diverse design, appeals for alternate materials or methods may be directed to the Fire Code Appeals Board. This Board shall have the authority to hear appeals and grant necessary deviation from this appendix as follows: 1. Allow alternate materials or methods of compliance if such alternate materials or methods of compliance will provide levels of fire and life safety equal to or greater than those specifically set forth in this appendix. 2. Waive specific individual requirements of this appendix if it can be shown that such requirements are not physically possible or practical. The finan- cial cost of compliance shall not be the sole basis for waiving any specific requirement. 3. Grant necessary extension of time where it can be shown that the specified time periods are not physically practical or pose an undue hardship. The Board shall not grant an extension of time for compliance to any building owner who cannot demonstrate intent and effort to comply. (h) Penalty. Failure to comply with Subsection (e) above is unlawful and any person, firm or corporation, whether as principal, agent, employee or otherwise, violating any provisions of the above requirements shall be guilty of a misde- meanor. Such person, firm or corporation is guilty of a separate offense for each and every day during any portion of which any violation of these requirements is committed, continued or permitted by such person, firm or corporation. (i) Severability. Should any section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause or phrase of this appendix be declared unconstitutional or invalid for any reason, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of these requirements. 2.2 REQUIREMENTS (a) Automatic Sprinklers. All required exit corridors, stairwells, elevator lobbies, public assembly areas occupied by 100 or more persons and commercial kitchens shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system meeting the design criteria of U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1. A minimum of one sprinkler head shall be provided on the room side of every corridor opening. EXCEPTION: Sprinkler heads may be omitted in stairwells of noncombustible construction. (b) Corridor Doors. All doors opening into required exit corridors shall be in conformance with the Building Code. EXCEPTION: Existing 13/a-inch bonded, solid -core wood doors, if equipped with self -closures, need not be replaced. (c) Corridor Openings. All openings into required exit corridor, other than doors, shall be in conformance with the Building Code. (d) Exit Stairways. All high-rise buildings shall have a minimum of two approved exit stairways. (e) Exit Stairwell Doors. All stairwell doors which are to be locked from the stairwell side shall automatically unlock, without unlatching, when the alarm system activates. 336 1985 EDITION APPENDIX I-B (f) Elevator Lobby Separation. All elevators on all floors shall open into elevator lobbies which are separated from the remainder of the building as is required for corridor construction in the Building Code. (g) Elevator Recall. All automatic elevators shall be equipped for emergency operation in conformance with the Building Code. (h) Fire Alarm Systems. All high-rise buildings shall have an alarm system meeting the requirements of this section. All required fire alarm systems shall be designed to be heard clearly by all occupants within the building but in no case shall it be less than 60 db or 15 db above ambient noise levels, as measured in the A scale, within all habitable areas of the building. All required alarm systems shall operate automatically by smoke or products of combustion detectors and by manual pull stations as approved by the chief. (i) Fire Alarm Supervision. All fire alarm systems shall be connected to an approved central station or the local fire department dispatch office in con- formance with the Fire Code as approved by the chief. 0) Exit Illumination. Exits shall be illuminated at any time the building is occupied with lights having an intensity of not less than 1 footcandle at floor level. Such lighting shall have an independent alternate source of supply such as an emergency battery pack. (k) Emergency Plan. The management for all buildings shall establish and maintain a written fire and life safety emergency plan which has been approved by the chief. The chief shall develop written criteria and guidelines upon which all plans shall be based. (1) Posting of Emergency Plan and Exit Plans. Copies of the emergency plan and exiting plans (including elevator and stairway placarding) shall be posted in locations approved by the chief. (m) Fire Drills. The management of all buildings shall conduct fire drills for their staff and employees at least every 120 days. The fire department must be advised of such drills at least 24 hours in advance. A written record of each drill shall be maintained in the building management office and made available to the fire department for review. 337 APPENDIX I-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX I-C STAIRWAY IDENTIFICATION 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this appendix is to provide information to the occupants and fire department personnel to ensure that they do not become confused during emer- gencies, by requiring that standardized signs be installed in stairways to inform the user which stair landing he is on and the upper and lower termination of the stairway. 2. SCOPE The provisions of this section shall apply to new and existing buildings four or more stories in height. 3. SIGN (a) The sign shall be a minimum 12 inches by 12 inches. (b) The stairway location shall be placed at the top of the sign in 1-inch-high block lettering with 1/4-inch stroke ("stair No. 1" or "west stair"). (c) The stairway's upper terminus shall be placed under the stairway identifica- tion in 1-inch-high block lettering with 1/4-inch stroke ("roof access" or "no roof access"). (d) The floor level number shall be placed in the middle of the sign in 5-inch- high lettering with 3/4-inch stroke. The mezzanine levels shall have the letter "M" preceding the floor number. Basement levels shall have the letter "B" preceding the floor number. (e) The lower and upper terminus of the stairway shall be placed at the bottom of the sign in 1-inch-high block lettering with 1/4-inch stroke. (f) These signs shall be maintained in an approved manner. Example: I -inch x'/a-inch WEST STAIR NO ROOF ACCESS 5-inch x 3/4-inch M ■ 1-inch x'/<-inch B2 THROUGH 24 338 1985 EDITION 12 inches STAIR 3 ROOF ACCESS 6 1 THROUGH 12 APPENDIX I-C 12 inches I- 339 APPENDIX II -A UNIFORM FIRE CODE Division II COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD CONTROLS APPENDIX II -A SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS FIRE AREAS 1. INTENT The unrestricted use of grass, grain, brush or forest -covered land in hazardous fire areas is a potential menace to life and property from fire and resulting erosion. It is therefore the intent of this appendix to provide necessary safeguards to prevent the occurrence of fires and to provide adequate fire -protection facilities to control the spread of fire which might be caused by recreational, residential, commercial, industrial or other activities conducted in any hazardous fire area. 2. DEFINITIONS (a) Unless otherwise expressly stated within the Uniform Fire Code, the following terms shall, for the purposes of this article, have the meanings indicated by this section. (b) TRACER shall mean any bullet or projectile incorporating a feature which marks or traces the flight of said bullet or projectile by flame, smoke or any other means which results in fire or heat. (c) TRACER CHARGE shall mean any bullet or projectile incorporating a feature designed to create a visible or audible effect by means which result in fire or beat and shall include any incendiary bullet or projectile. 3. AUTHORITY TO STIPULATE PERMIT CONDITIONS The chief shall have the authority required by this appendix to stipulate conditions as he deems necessary in all permits. If in his judgment public safety would be better served, he may refuse to issue any such permit. 4. RESTRICTED ENTRY The chief shall officially determine and publicly announce when any hazardous fire area shall be closed to entry and when such area shall again be opened to entry. No person other than those hereinafter expressly exempted shall go on or be upon any hazardous fire area, except public roadways, inhabited areas or established trails and camp sites which have not been closed during such time when the hazardous fire area is closed to entry. It is not the intention of this section to prohibit residents or owners of private property within any hazardous fire area or their invitees or guests from going or being upon their lands, and such persons are to such extent excepted from the provisions of this section. This section does not apply to any entry, in the course of duty, by any peace or police officer, or any other duly authorized public officer, member of any fire department or member of the United States Forest Service. 340 1985 EDITION APPENDIX II -A 5. TRESPASSING ON POSTED PROPERTY PROHIBITED (a) Whenever the chief determines that any specific area within a hazardous fire area presents an exceptional and continuing fire danger because of the density of natural growth, difficulty of terrain, proximity to structures or accessibility to the public, he shall declare such area closed until changed conditions warrant termi- nation of closure. The chief shall order any such area posted as hereinafter provided. (b) Approved signs prohibiting entry by unauthorized persons and referring to this appendix shall be placed on every area ordered posted by the chief pursuant to Section 5 (a) above. (c) No person shall enter or remain within any area closed and posted by the chief pursuant to Section 5 (a) and (b) above, provided that the following persons shall be exempted from the provisions of this section: owners or occupiers of private or public property within closed and posted areas, their guests or invitees; local, state or federal public officers or their authorized agents acting in the course of duty. 6. SMOKING PROHIBITED No person shall light, ignite or otherwise set fire to or smoke any tobacco, cigarette, pipe or cigar in any hazardous fire area, provided, however, that nothing in this section shall apply to any place of habitation or within the boundaries of any established smoking area or campsite as designated by the chief. 7. SPARK ARRESTERS REQUIRED Each chimney used in conjunction with any fireplace, barbecue, incinerator or any heating appliance in which solid or liquid fuel is used, upon any building, structure or premises located within 200 feet of any hazardous fire area, shall be maintained with a spark arrester constructed with heavy wire mesh or other noncombustible material with openings not to exceed''/z inch. 8. TRACER BULLETS, TRACER CHARGES, ROCKETS AND MODEL AIRCRAFT PROHIBITED (a) No person shall fire or cause to be fired any tracer bullet or tracer charge into or across any hazardous fire area, nor shall he have in his possession any tracer bullet or tracer charge on such area. (b) No person shall use, fire or project into or across any hazardous fire area any rocket, model plane, glider or balloon powered with an engine, propellant or other feature liable to start or cause fire in said area. 9. EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING No person shall possess, keep, store, sell, offer for sale, give away, use, discharge, transport or dispose of in any manner any explosives within any hazardous fire area except by the authority of a written permit from the chief. 10. FIREWORKS PROHIBITED (a) No person shall use or possess fireworks in a hazardous fire area. (b) The chief shall seize, take, remove or cause to be removed all fireworks in violation of this section. 341 APPENDIX II -A UNIFORM FIRE CODE 11. APIARIES No person shall use any lighted or smoldering material in connection with smoking bees in or upon any hazardous fire area except by the authority of a written permit from the chief. 12. OPEN -FLAME DEVICES (a) No person shall operate or use any device, machine, or process such as a welding torch, tar pot, decorative torch or any other device liable to start or cause fire in or upon any hazardous fire area, except by the authority of a written permit from the chief, provided, however, that no permit will be required if such use is within habited premises or designated campsites and such uses are a minimum of 30 feet from any grass; grain, brush- or forest -covered areas. (b) No person shall operate or use any flame -employing device such as a lantern or kerosene road flare as a signal or marker in or upon any hazardous fire area. This section shall not apply to or restrict the proper use of fusees at the scenes of emergencies or as required by standard railroad operating procedures. 13. OUTDOOR FIRES (a) No person shall build, ignite or maintain any outdoor fire of any kind or character, or for any purpose whatsoever, in or upon any hazardous fire area, except by the authority of a written permit from the chief. No permit will be required for outdoor fires within habited premises or designated campsites where such fires are built in a permanent barbecue, portable barbecue, outdoor fire- place, incinerator or grill and are a minimum of 30 feet from any grass, grain, brush- or forest -covered area. Such a permit shall incorporate such terms and conditions which will reasonably safeguard public safety and property. Regard- less of permit, however, no person shall build, ignite or maintain any outdoor fire in or upon any hazardous fire area under the following conditions: 1. When any high wind is blowing; or 2. When there is no person aged 17 or over present at all times to watch and capable of tending such fire; or 3. Such times as public announcement is made that there shall be no open burning. (b) No person shall use any permanent barbecue, portable barbecue, outdoor fireplace or grill for the disposal of rubbish, trash or combustible waste material. 14. INCINERATORS AND FIREPLACES (a) No person shall build, install or maintain any incinerator, outdoor fireplace, permanent barbecue or grill in any hazardous fire area without first securing written approval of the chief. (b) Every incinerator, outdoor fireplace, permanent barbecue or grill shall be maintained in good repair and in a safe condition at all times. All openings in any such appliance shall be provided with an approved spark arrester, screen or door. If required for their proper functioning, barbecues and grills may be approved with certain openings left unprotected. 342 1985 EDITION APPENDIX II -A 15. CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES (a) Support Clearance. Any person owning, controlling, operating or main- taining any electrical transmission line upon any hazardous fire area shall, at all times, maintain around and adjacent to any pole supporting a switch, fuse, transformer, lightning arrester, line junction, dead end, corner pole, towers or other poles or towers at which power company employees are likely to work most frequently, an effective firebreak consisting of a clearing of not less than 10 feet in each direction from the outer circumference of such pole or tower, provided, however, that this provision shall not be deemed to apply to lines used exclusively as telephone, telegraph, telephone or telegraph messenger call, fire or alarm lines or other lines classed as communication circuits by a public utility (b) High Tension Line Clearance. Any person owning, controlling, operating or maintaining any electrical transmission line upon any hazardous fire area shall maintain a clearance of the respective distances as specified in this section in all directions between all vegetation and all conductors carrying electrical current: 1. For lines operating at 2,400 volts and less than 68,000 volts, 4 feet; 2. For lines operating at 68,000 volts and less than 110,000 volts, 6 feet; 3. For lines operating at 110,000 volts and over, 10 feet. In any case, such distance shall be sufficiently great to furnish the required clearance from the particular wire or conductor to any position of such wire or conductor at any temperature of 120°F. or less. Forked trees, dead trees, old decadent or rotten trees, those weakened by catfaces, decay or disease and trees leaning toward the line, which may contact the line from the side or may fall on the line, shall be felled, cut or trimmed so as to remove the hazard. (c) Self-supporting Aerial Cable. No clearing to obtain line clearance is required when self-supporting aerial cable is used except that forked trees, leaning trees and other growth which may fall across the cable and break it shall be removed. (d) Exceptions. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require any person to maintain any clearing on land where such person does not have the legal right to maintain such clearing, nor shall any provision of this appendix be construed to require any person to enter upon or to damage property of another without consent of the owner thereof. 16. CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM STRUCTURES (a) Any person owning, leasing, controlling, operating or maintaining any building or structure in, upon or adjoining any hazardous fire area, And any person owning, leasing or controlling any land adjacent to such buildings or structures, shall at all times: 1. Maintain around and adjacent to such building or structure an effective firebreak made by removing and clearing away, for a distance therefrom of not less than 30 feet on each side thereof, all flammable vegetation or other combustible growth. This section shall not apply to single specimens of 343 APPENDIX II -A UNIFORM FIRE CODE trees, ornamental shrubbery or similar plants used as ground covers, provided that they do not form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the native growth to any structure. 2. Maintain around and adjacent to any such building or structure additional fire protection or firebreak made by removing all brush, flammable vegeta- tion or combustible growth located from 30 feet to 100 feet from such building or structure as may be required by the chief when he finds that because of extrahazardous conditions a firebreak of only 30 feet around such structure is not sufficient to provide reasonable firesafety. Grass and other vegetation located more than 30 feet from such building or structure and less than 18 inches in height above the ground may be maintained where necessary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion. 3. Remove that portion of any tree which extends within 10 feet of the outlet of any chimney. 4. Maintain any tree adjacent to or overhanging any building free of deadwood. 5. Maintain the roof of any structure free of leaves, needles or other dead vegetative growth. (b) In the event that any of the conditions prohibited by Subsection (a) of this section exist, the executive body may instruct the chief to give notice to the owner of the property upon which such condition exists to correct such prohibited condition, and if the owner fails to correct such condition the executive body may cause the same to be done and make the expense of such correction a lien upon the property upon which such condition exists. 17. CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM ROADWAYS (a) The chief may remove and clear within 10 feet on each side of every roadway all flammable vegetation or other combustible growth and may enter upon private property to do so. This section shall not apply to single specimens of trees, ornamental shrubbery or cultivated ground cover such as green grass, ivy, succulents or similar plants used as ground covers, provided that they do not form a means of readily transmitting fire. As used in this section, "roadway" means that portion of a highway or private street improved, designed or ordinarily used for vehicular travel. (b) If the chief determines in any specific case that difficult terrain, danger of erosion or other unusual circumstances make strict compliance with the clearance of vegetation provisions of Sections 15, 16 or 17 of this appendix undesirable or impractical, he may suspend enforcement thereof and require reasonable alterna- tive measures designed to advance the purposes of this article. 18. ILLEGAL DUMPING No person shall place, deposit or dump any garbage, cans, bottles, papers, ashes, refuse, trash, rubbish or combustible waste material in or upon any hazardous fire area. No person shall dump such material in, upon or along any trail, roadway or highway in any hazardous fire area. Public and private dumping 344 1985 EDITION APPENDIX II -A areas having been approved by the chief shall be deemed to be in compliance with this section. 19. DISPOSAL OF ASHES No person shall place, deposit or dump any ashes or coals in or upon any hazardous fire area except: in the hearth of an established fire pit, camp stove or fireplace; or in a noncombustible container with a tight -fitting lid, which is kept or maintained in a safe location not less than 10 feet from any combustible vegeta- tion or structure; or where such ashes or coals are buried and covered with 1 foot of mineral earth not less than 25 feet from any combustible vegetation or structure. 20. ILLEGAL USE OF FIRE ROADS AND FIREBREAKS (a) No person, except public officers acting within the scope of their duties, shall travel upon or drive or park any motorcycle, motor scooter or motor vehicle upon any fire road or firebreak beyond the point where travel is restricted by a cable, gate or sign without the permission of the property owner or owners involved. No person shall park any vehicle so as to obstruct the entrance to any fire road or firebreak. (b) No person shall install or maintain a radio or television aerial, or guy wires thereto, or any other obstruction on any fire road or firebreak, which is less than 16 feet above such fire road or firebreak. 21. USE OF MOTORCYCLES, MOTOR SCOOTERS AND MOTOR VEHICLES No person shall operate any motorcycle, motor scooter or motor vehicle, except upon clearly established public or private roads within any hazardous fire area without first having secured a permit to do so from the chief. No such permit shall be issued unless written permission from the property owner is first presented. 22. TAMPERING WITH FIRE DEPARTMENT LOCKS, BARRICADES, SIGNS (a) No person shall tamper with, mutilate, destroy or remove any lock, barricade, seal, cable, sign or marker installed within any hazardous fire area by or under the control of the chief or other duly constituted authority. (b) No unauthorized person shall unlock any gate, door, barrier or lock installed by or under the control of the chief or other duly constituted authority. 23. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE The expenses of fighting any fires which are the result of a violation of this appendix are a charge against the person whose violation of this appendix caused the fire. Damages caused by such fires shall constitute a debt of such person and are collectable by the chief in the same manner as in the case of an obligation under a contract, expressed or implied. 345 APPENDIX II-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-B PROTECTION OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN TANKS IN LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE FLOODED 1. GENERAL Pipe connections below allowable liquid level in tanks shall be provided with valves or cocks located as closely as practicable to tank shell. Such valves and their connections and fittings to the tank shall not be of cast iron. 2. ABOVEGROUND TANKS (a) Vertical Tanks: 1. No aboveground vertical storage tank containing flammable or combusti- ble liquid shall be so located that the maximum allowable liquid level within the tank is below the established maximum flood stage, unless the tank is provided with a guiding structure such as described in Section 5 of this article. 2. Except at locations where there is an ample and dependable public water supply available at and below the established maximum flood stage, facilities independent of public water supply shall be provided for loading partially empty tanks with water. 3. In addition to the preceding requirements, each tank so located that more than 70 percent, but less than 100 percent, of its allowable liquid storage capacity will be submerged at the established maximum flood stage shall be safeguarded by one of the following methods: (i) Tank shall be raised or its height shall be increased until its top extends above the maximum flood stage a distance equivalent to 30 percent or more of its allowable liquid storage capacity, provided, however, that the submerged part of the tank shall not exceed two and one-half times the diameter; or, (ii) As an alternative to the foregoing, adequate noncombustible struc- tural guides, designed to permit the tank to float vertically without loss of product, shall be provided. (b) Horizontal Tanks: 1. Independent water supply facilities shall be provided at locations where there is no ample and dependable public water supply available for loading partially empty tanks with water. 2. Each horizontal tank so located that more than 70 percent of its storage capacity will be submerged at the established maximum flood stage shall be secured to a concrete or steel and concrete foundation of sufficient weight to produce adequate loading of tank when filled with flammable or combustible liquids. 3. Special provision shall be provided to equalize the internal and external pressures on the tank so as to prevent deformation of the tank and resultant expulsion of flammable or combustible liquid. 346 1985 EDITION APPENDIX II-B (c) Other Types of Tanks. Spherical and spheroidal tanks shall be protected by applicable methods as specified for either vertical or horizontal tanks. 3. UNDERGROUND TANKS (a) Underground tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids at loca- tions where there is an ample and dependable water supply available at and below the maximum flood stage and so installed that more than 70 percent of storage capacity will be submerged at the maximum flood stage shall be loaded with concrete or other approved loading material sufficient to prevent movement of the tank when filled with flammable or combustible liquids and submerged by flood waters. (b) At locations where there is no ample or dependable water supply, the tank shall be loaded with concrete as above required and, in addition, there shall be provided an emergency liquid supply which shall be sufficient to fill the tank during flood stages. (c) Where loading of underground tanks with liquids is impracticable because of the character of their contents or their use, each tank shall be safeguarded against movement when empty and when submerged by flood waters by loading with concrete or other approved solid loading material. Each such tank shall be so constructed and installed that it will safely resist external pressures due to flood waters. (d) In addition to the foregoing requirement, the capacity of each new tank installed shall be restricted to not more than 3000 gallons. When installed, but before backfilling, tank and fittings shall be tested for tightness at not less than 5 pounds per square inch. Greater test pressures may be required by the chief when tanks are subject to submergence in excess of 30 feet. (e) Where tanks are not designed to resist external pressure, special provision shall be provided to equalize the internal and external pressures on the tank so as to prevent deformation and resultant expulsion of flammable or combustible liquids. 4. INDEPENDENT WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES (a) At locations where an independent water supply is required, it shall be entirely independent of public power and water supply. Independent source of water shall be available when flood waters reach a level not less than 10 feet below the bottom of the lowest tank on a property. (b) The self-contained power and pumping unit shall be so located or so designed that pumping into tanks may be carried on continuously throughout the rise in flood waters from a level 10 feet below the lowest tank to the level of the potential flood stage. (c) Capacity of the pumping unit shall be such that the rate of rise of water in all tanks shall be equivalent to the established potential average rate of rise of flood waters at any stage. (d) Each independent pumping unit shall be tested periodically to ensure that it is in satisfactory operating condition. 347 APPENDIX II-13 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5. STRUCTURAL GUIDES (a) Structural guides for holding floating tanks above their foundations shall be so designed that there will be no resistance to the free rise of a tank and shall be constructed of noncombustible material. (b) The strength of the structure shall be adequate to resist lateral movement of a tank subject to a horizontal force in any direction equivalent to not less than 25 pounds per square foot acting on the projected vertical cross -sectional area of the tank. (c) Where tanks are situated on exposed points or bends in a shore line where swift currents in flood waters will be present, the structures shall be designed to withstand a unit force of not less than 50 pounds per square foot. 6. SAFE PRACTICES (a) Water Loading: 1. The filling of a tank to be protected by water loading shall be started as soon as flood waters reach a dangerous flood stage. The rate of filling shall be at least equal to the rate of rise of the flood waters (or the established average potential rate of rise). 2. Sufficient fuel to operate the water pumps shall be available at all times to ensure adequate power to fill all tanks with water. 3. All valves on connecting pipelines shall be closed and locked in closed position when water loading is completed. (b) Floating Tanks: 1. Where structural guides are provided for the protection of floating tanks, all rigid connections between tanks and pipelines shall be disconnected before the flood waters reach the bottom of the tank, unless control valves and their connections to the tank are of an approved type of extra -heavy construction designed to prevent breakage between valve and tank. 2. All valves attached to tanks other than those used in connection with water - loading operations shall be closed and locked. 3. If a tank is equipped with a swing line, the swing pipe shall be raised to and secured at its highest position. 7. INSPECTIONS The chief shall make periodic inspections of all plants where the storage of flammable or combustible liquids is such as to require compliance with the foregoing requirements in order to assure the following: (a) That all flammable or combustible liquid storage tanks are in compliance with these requirements and so maintained. (b) That detailed printed instructions of what to do in flood emergencies are properly posted. (c) That station operators and other employees depended upon to carry out such instructions are thoroughly informed as to the location and operation of such valves and other equipment necessary to effect the intent of these requirements. 348 1985 EDITION APPENDIX II-C APPENDIX II-C MARINAS Marina facilities shall conform to the requirements set forth in the Fire Code and NFPA Standard No. 303 except as herein provided. 1. GENERAL Plans for marina fire -protection facilities shall be approved by the chief prior to installation. The completed work shall be subject to final inspection and approval after installation. 2. PERMITS (a) No person shall use any open -flame device for maintenance or repair on any vessel, float, pier or wharf without a permit. (b) No person shall use any portable barbecue, brazier or cooking device on any vessel, float, pier or wharf without a permit. 3. DEFINITIONS (a) FLOAT is a floating structure normally used as a point of transfer for passengers and goods, or both, for mooring purposes. (b) MARINA is any portion of the ocean or inland water either naturally or artificially protected for the mooring, servicing or safety of vessels and shall include artificially protected works; the public or private lands ashore; structures or facilities provided within the enclosed body of water and ashore for the mooring or servicing of vessels or the servicing of their crews or passengers.. Z (c) PIER is a structure built over the water and supported by pillars or piles, used as a landing place, pleasure pavilion, etc. (d) VESSEL is every description of watercraft, other than seaplane on the water, used or capable of being used as means of transportation. Included in this definition shall be nontransportation vessels such as houseboats and boathouses. (e) WHARF is a structure or bulkhead constructed of wood, stone, concrete, etc., built at the shore of a harbor, lake or river for vessels to lie alongside of, and piers or floats to be anchored to. 4. FIRE PREVENTION (a) Persons having charge or control over any structure, including pier or wharf, shall not allow the deposit or permit the accumulation of combustible debris or rubbish on land beneath such structure, pier or wharf. (b) Any open -flame device used for lighting or decoration on the exterior of any vessel, float, pier or wharf must be approved by the chief. (c) Any spills of flammable or combustible liquids at or upon the water shall be reported immediately to the fire department or jurisdictional authorities. (d) Containers with tight -fitting or self -closing lids shall be provided for the temporary storage of combustible trash or rubbish. (e) All electrical equipment installed and used must be in accordance with the Electrical Code as it applies to wet, damp and hazardous locations. 349 APPENDIX II-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5. FIRE -PROTECTION EQUIPMENT All piers, wharves, floats with facilities for mooring or servicing five or more vessels, and marine service stations shall be equipped with fire -protection equip- ment as follows: (a) All portions of floats exceeding 250 feet in distance from fire apparatus access and marine service stations shall be provided with an approved wet standpipe system installed in conformity with applicable standards set forth in U.B.0 Standard No. 38-2 and Article 10 of this code. 1. Hose stations shall be so spaced as to provide protection to any portion of floats or floating vessel. Hoses shall be mounted on a reel or rack and enclosed within an approved cabinet. Hose stations shall be labeled FIRE HOSE —EMERGENCY USE ONLY. All equipment shall meet the approval of the chief. 2. At the shore end, the waterline shall be equipped with a single 21h-inch fire department connection. 3. Waterlines shall normally be dry where area is subject to freezing temperatures. (b) Piers and wharves shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads and water -supply systems with on -site fire hydrants as may be required by the chief. Such roads and water systems shall conform to Article 10. 6. PORTABLE FIRE -PROTECTION EQUIPMENT (a) One fire extinguisher, 2A, 20-B:C rating minimum, shall be provided in each hose station required. (b) The chief shall designate the type and number of all other fire appliances to be installed and maintained in each marina. 7. TRANSMISSION OF ALARMS Means shall be available for the immediate notification of the fire department. 8. MAINTENANCE OF ACCESS Access shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Article 10. 9. MARINE SERVICE STATIONS Marine service stations shall conform to Article 79. 350 1985 EDITION APPENDIX II-D APPENDIX II-D RIFLE RANGES 1. PERMIT A rifle range shall not be established, maintained or operated without a permit from the chief so to do. Applications for such permii shall be referred to the chief law enforcement officer for approval. 2. SUPERVISION BY RANGE OFFICER No person shall operate or maintain a rifle range except under the supervision of a qualified range officer. 3. QUALIFICATIONS OF RANGE OFFICER No person shall act as a range officer until such time as he shall have demon- strated to the chief and chief law enforcement officer his knowledge of firearms and ammunition, including the general rules of safety and the provisions of this code relative thereto, and has received a certificate of fitness therefor. 4. INSPECTION OF AMMUNITION: DISPOSAL OF DEFECTIVE AMMUNITION All ammunition shall be inspected and approved by the range officer before permission to fire or discharge the same shall be granted. All ammunition that will not fire or discharge or which is otherwise defective shall be turned in to the range officer for the safe disposal thereof. 5. FIRST -AID FIRE APPLIANCES All rifle ranges shall be equipped with first -aid fire appliances and other equipment as required by the chief and shall comply with such other fire preven- tion measures as may be deemed necessary by the chief. 6. REMOVAL OF VEGETATION All rifle ranges shall be completely clear of vegetation within a safe distance from the firing line and striking grounds and shall be so maintained. 7. WARNINGS All rifle ranges which are not fenced shall be posted with approved warning posters or signs to notify and protect the public from existing danger. 351 APPENDIX III -A UNIFORM FIRE CODE Division III FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS APPENDIX III -A TESTING FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS, STANDPIPES AND COMBINATION SYSTEMS 1. TESTING (a) Intervals. Tests of systems or devices herein regulated shall be conducted at least every five years or when an inspection by the chief indicates that there is reason to believe that the system or device would fail to operate properly in an emergency. (b) Testing Personnel. The tests established by this regulation shall be con- ducted by a person qualified to perform the full testing procedure for the particu- lar system or device being tested. (c) Witness. The chief shall be notified at least one working day in advance of the performance of any required test to allow a representative of the fire depart- ment to witness the test. (d) Notification of Inoperable Systems. At the conclusion of each test, the chief shall be notified of any fire -protection equipment that was determined to be inoperable. (e) Certification of Operable Systems. When the fire -protection equipment is operable, the owner or his agent shall certify its condition to the chief in writing. (f) Plugs and Caps. All fire department inlets and outlets must be equipped with approved plugs or caps. 2. TEST PROCEDURES FOR AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS (a) Notification. The concerned agency shall be notified before supervised systems are tested. (b) Backflow. Backflow inlet connections from the check valve to the inlet by disassembling the check valve or blocking the check valve open so the water will backflow out of the fire department connections. (c) Control Valves. All control valves shall be closed and reopened to assure their ability to operate. (d) Alarm Test. For wet systems only, open the inspector's test valve to test the alarm bell response. When fully opened, the response shall occur within five minutes. When conducting such a test on a dry pipe, preaction or deluge system, use the alarm test line. (e) Gage Test. An approved test gage shall be connected at the test gage opening to test the reliability of the existing gages. (f) Flow Test. Observe pressure with main drain valve closed. Open main drain valve wide open and observe pressure. Close main drain valve and observe how quickly pressure is restored to determine if there are closed valves or obstructions in water supply lines. 352 1985 EDITION APPENDIX III -A (g) Trip Test. Dry -pipe, preaction and deluge systems shall be trip tested annually in accordance with NFPA 13A, "Inspection Testing and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems," 1981. 3. TEST PROCEDURE FOR STANDPIPE SYSTEMS (a) Class I System. (i) Air test. Air test the system at 25 psi to determine if the system leaks and to avoid water damage to the building in the event that piping has been broken off or disconnected. (ii) Hydrostatic test. Fill the system completely with water and note the static pressure (head) on the test gage installed on the lowest inlet connection. Hydrostatically test the system at a pressure 50 psi greater than the head pressure but in no case less than 150 psi. (iii) Flow test. Flow 500 gpm of water through the standpipe system to the roof outlet. A separate flow test shall be conducted through each inlet. Install a test gage at the inlet being used to measure the inlet pressure. The maxi- mum allowable pressure lost within the system due to friction shall be 15 psi. Friction loss shall be determined by subtracting the static pressure (head) and outlet pressure from the inlet pressure while 500 gpm is flowing. (iv) Operate each outlet valve in the system to determine that it will function properly. (v) Using approved fitting, verify that all inlets and outlets are in compliance with Section 1 (f). (b) Class II System. (i) Flow test. All systems shall be flow tested to the requirements in effect at time of installation or at 100 gpm at 65 psi. The required water flow shall be maintained for at least 30 seconds from systems supplied by street mains or gravity tanks and at least 2 minutes from systems supplied by booster pumps or pressure tanks. (ii) Gravity tank supply. Determine that the automatic filling system operates if the system is supplied by gravity tank. (iii) Pressure tank supply. Determine that automatic filling systems operate when flow test is conducted. Check air -pressure and water -supply appara- tus where installed. (iv) Outlets. Check each outlet for signs of corrosion, leakage and for the installation of an approved pressure -reducing device at outlets where the pressure will exceed 100 psi. Flow water from each outlet in the system in a manner that will indicate the valves are fully operable and that there is water pressure at that outlet. (v) Hose. Examine full length of hose section for mildew, cuts, abrasions and other deterioration. When required by the chief, the hose shall be replaced with listed lined hose. Check hose couplings, gaskets and nozzle for damage and obstructions. 353 APPENDIX III -A UNIFORM FIRE CODE (c) Class III System. (i) Flow test. Flow 500 gpm through each riser from the uppermost outlets. The system shall maintain a residual pressure of 65 psi at the level of that outlet. (ii) Pump test. Fire pumps shall be tested. If the pump performance charac- teristics when tested are more than 10 percent below the manufacturer's certified shop test characteristic curve or as specified on the pump housing, the pump shall be repaired and restored to its original condition. Caution should be taken when drawing residual pressure below 20 psi on public service mains during testing as it may cause damage to the mains. Pump supervisory devices shall be tested for proper functioning and to assure that the alarm is transmitting to the proper location. (iii) Outlets. Flow water from each outlet in the system in a manner that will indicate the valves are fully operable and that there is water pressure at that outlet. Check each outlet for signs of corrosion and leakage. Check for the installation of an approved pressure -reducing device at outlets where the pressure will exceed 100 psi. (iv) Inlet connections. Backflow inlet connections so the water will backflow out of the fire department connections. (v) Hose. Examine each full length of hose section for mildew, cuts, abrasions and other deterioration. When required by the chief, the hose shall be replaced with listed lined hose. Check hose couplings, gaskets and nozzle for damage and obstructions. 354 1985 EDITION APPENDIX III-B APPENDIX III-B BASEMENT PIPE INLETS Basement Pipe Inlets Sec. 10.316. (a) General. All basement pipe inlets shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this section. (b) Where Required. Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of every store, warehouse or factory having basements. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where the basement is equipped with an automatic fire - extinguishing system. 2. Where the basement is used for the storage of permanent archives or valuables such as safe deposit vaults or similar uses adversely affected by water. (c) Location. The location of basement pipe inlets shall be as required by the fire department. (d) Detailed Requirements. All basement pipe inlets shall be of cast iron, steel, brass or bronze with lids of cast brass or bronze. The basement pipe inlet shall consist of a sleeve of not less than 8-inch inside diameter extending through the floor and terminating flush with or through the basement ceiling and shall have a top flange recessed with an inside shoulder to receive the lid. The top flange -shall be installed flush with finish floor surface. The lid shall be a solid casting and have a lift recessed in the top. This lid shall be provided with a cast -in sign reading FIRE DEPARTMENT ONLY —DO NOT COVER. The lid shall be installed in such a manner as to permit its easy removal from the flange shoulder. 355 APPENDIX III-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-C FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS 1. SCOPE This appendix governs the requirements for the installation, use and mainte- nance of fire alarm systems in all occupancies as specified herein. 2. PURPOSE The purpose of this appendix is to provide a reasonable degree of safety through early warning of a fire emergency and is predicated on the potential hazards to life and property evident in each type of occupancy. 3. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE In the event of any conflict between the provisions of this appendix and any rules, regulations, code or standards referenced herein, the provisions of this appendix shall govern. Where a specific provision of this appendix varies from a general provision, the specific provision shall govern. 4. DEFINITIONS (a) ALARM -ACTUATING DEVICE is any manually or automatically oper- ated equipment which, when activated, initiates an alarm through an alarm - indicating device. (b) ALARM -INDICATING DEVICE is any equipment that produces an approved alarm signal. (c) ALARM SIGNAL is an audible or visual signal, or both, indicating the existence of an emergency fire condition. Audible devices may be bells, horns, chimes, speakers or similar devices. Voice alarms and their messages shall be approved by the chief. Visual devices may be continuous or pulsating lights, flags or other visual indicators, as approved by the chief. (d) ALARM SYSTEM is a combination of approved compatible devices with the necessary electrical interconnection and energy to produce an alarm signal in the event of fire or system activation. (e) ALARM SYSTEM CLASSES AND TYPES. Alarm systems are divided into the following classes and types: Classes: Class I. Actuation of any automatic or manual device initiates a continuous or pulsating alarm on all alarm -indicating devices in the building until manually reset. Class II. Actuation of any automatic or manual device initiates a continuous or pulsating alarm on all alarm -indicating devices in the building until manually reset and identifies on an annunciator the zone from which the alarm signal originated. Class III. Actuation of any automatic or manual device initiates a zone -coded 356 1985 EDITION APPENDIX III-C alarm signal throughout the building and identifies on an annunciator the zone from which the alarm signal originated. Class IV. Actuation of any automatic or manual device initiates a zone -coded alarm signal to selected areas of the building and identifies on an annunciator the zone from which the alarm signal originated. Types: Type A. An electrically supervised fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of Uniform Fire Code Standard No. 10-2. Type B. An electrically supervised fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA Standard No. 7213-1975, Auxiliary Protective Signaling Systems. Type C. An electrically supervised fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA Standard No. 72C-1975, Remote Station Protective Signaling Systems. Type D. An electrically supervised fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA Standard No. 7213-1975, Proprietary Protective Signaling Systems. Type E. An electrically supervised fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA Standard No. 71-1977, Central Station Signaling System. (f) ANNUNCIATOR is any equipment which indicates the zone or area of a building from which an alarm has been initiated, the location of an alarm - actuating device or the operational condition of alarm circuits or the system. (g) APPROVED means approval by the fire chief as a result of investigation or tests conducted by him or by reason of accepted principles or tests by national authorities, technical or scientific organizations. d (h) CODED SIGNAL is an alarm signal or voice alarm which consists of not Z less than three complete repetitions of the transmission. W o (i) CONTROL UNIT is a unit comprising the controls, relays, switches and m associated circuits necessary to (1) distribute power to a fire alarm system, (2) ; a receive signals from alarm -actuating devices and transmit them to alarm -indicat- ing devices and accessory equipment, and (3) electrically supervise the system circuitry. The control unit may be contained in one or more cabinets in adjacent or remote locations as approved by the chief. 0) ELECTRICALLY SUPERVISED FIRE ALARM SYSTEM is a system designed to transmit a trouble signal to an approved location for any condition that prevents the required operation of the fire alarm system or failure of its main power source. (k) OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. See Section 9.117. (1) TROUBLE SIGNAL is a distinct audible and visual signal which indicates an abnormal condition of the system being monitored. (m) ZONE is a building or a defined area of a building as approved by the fire chief for purposes of identifying locations. 357 APPENDIX III-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (a) General. When required by the fire chief, all information required by this section will be prepared by qualified engineers, specialists, laboratory or fire - safety specialty organizations acceptable to the chief and to the owner. (b) Equipment. Fire alarm equipment, devices and systems shall be approved for their intended purpose. (c) Acceptance Tests. Upon completion of a system, a satisfactory test of the entire installation shall be made in the presence of the chief. (d) Installation Certification. Upon completion of the installation, the con- tractor shall provide written certification to the chief that the system has been installed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications. Deviations from such plans and specifications shall not be permitted except with the approval of the chief. When required by the chief, drawings and specifications of any permitted deviations, including wiring locations, shall be submitted to the chief. (e) Operating Instructions. Written operating instructions are to be provided at an approved location. 6. POWER SUPPLY All required fire alarm systems shall have an approved secondary power supply which shall be capable of operating the entire system for not less than 24 hours under nonalarm conditions. Upon interruption of the normal power, the system shall be automatically transferred to the secondary source of power, and full power shall be obtained within 60 seconds of transfer. Except as otherwise specified, the secondary source of power may be one of the following: (i) Generators (ii) Storage batteries (iii) Separate electrical service from the normal service (iv) Separate substations of the same electrical service When generators are provided they shall be served by a fuel supply sufficient to operate the system as required by this section. 7. MANUAL ALARM -ACTUATING DEVICES (a) Manual alarm -actuating devices shall be installed in the following locations: 1. On each floor of the premises in a visible, accessible position and shall be located in exit ways adjacent exit doors and doors leading to exit stairs. 2. In locations normally attended by responsible personnel such as manager's office, guardhouse, nurses' stations, etc. (b) A maximum travel distance between two devices shall not exceed 200 feet. (c) Devices shall be securely mounted with the bottom of the device not less than 4'/2 feet nor more than 6 feet above the floor level. 358 1985 EDITION APPENDIX III-C 8. ALARM SIGNAL SYSTEMS AND FUNCTIONS (a) When automatic alarm systems are not directly connected to the fire department or other approved agency, an approved external alarm device shall be provided when required by the chief. When external alarms are required, an approved sign which reads WHEN ALARM SOUNDS —CALL FIRE DEPART- MENT shall be installed adjacent to the external alarm devices. (b) When alarm systems are not directly connected to the fire department or other approved agency, an approved permanent sign which reads LOCAL ALARM ONLY —CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT shall be installed by each man- ually operated actuating device. (c) When a fire alarm system is approved for use in combination with a public address or other means of communication, the fire alarm signal shall take precedence over such other communication system upon activation of the fire alarm system. 9. REQUIRED INSTALLATIONS (a) Group A Occupancies having an occupant load of 300 or more shall be provided with an approved manually operated Class IV,1I pe A fire alarm system. (b) Group E Occupancies having more than 50 occupants shall be provided with an approved manually operated Class I, Type A fire alarm system. (c) Group I, Divisions 1 and 2 Occupancies and mental hospitals shall be provided with an approved automatic smoke detection and manually activated Class III alarm system of Type A, B, C or D. Group I, Division 3 Occupancies other than mental hospitals shall be provided with an approved smoke detection and manually activated Class IV alarm system of Type A, B, C or D. (d) Except for Group R, Division 1 Occupancies that comply with Section 1807 of the Building Code, fire alarms shall be provided in the following Group R, Division 1 Occupancies: 1. Apartment houses three or more stories in height or containing more than 15 apartments —Class II alarm systems of Type A, B, C or D. EXCEPTION: An alarm need not be installed in buildings not over two stories in height when all individual dwelling units are separated by at least one -hour fire - resistive occupancy separations, including attics and crawl spaces, and each individ- ual dwelling unit has direct exit to a yard or public way. 2. Hotels either three stories or more in height or containing 20 or more guest rooms —Class II alarm systems of Type A, B, C or D. The alarm system shall include provisions for smoke detection and manual operation in interior corridors and automatic detection in storage rooms, laundry rooms, furnace rooms and similar common areas. 10. SPECIAL PROVISIONS (a) The requirements for fire alarm systems under Section 9 may be waived in other than Group I and Group E Occupancies if the building is protected by an approved sprinkler system conforming to U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 with shutoff 359 APPENDIX 111-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE valves and water flow devices supervised as prescribed in Types B, C, D and E fire alarm systems. (b) All fire alarm systems shall be installed in such a manner that the failure of any single alarm actuating or alarm indicating device will not interfere with the normal operation of any other such devices. (c) The fire chief may waive the requirements as set forth in Section 7 (a)1, (a) 2, and (b) for alarm systems in A, E and I Occupancies. (d) The annunciator and control panel shall be installed in a location approved by the chief. 11. EXISTING BUILDINGS The provisions of this appendix shall apply to existing conditions as well as to conditions arising after the adoption thereof, except that conditions legally in existence at the adoption of this appendix and not in strict compliance therewith shall be permitted to continue only if, in the opinion of the chief, they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property. 12. MAINTENANCE OF SYSTEMS All fire alarm systems shall be maintained in accordance with Section 10.302. 360 1985 EDITION APPENDIX IWA Division IV FLAMMABLE FLOOR COVERINGS APPENDIX IV A INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH 1. GENERAL This appendix regulates exposed floor surfaces of buildings, including cover- ings which are applied over a previously finished floor. EXCEPTION: Interior floor finish materials of a traditional type, such as wood, vinyl, linoleum, terrazzo and other resilient floor -covering materials. Floor coverings judged by the chief to represent an unusual hazard shall meet the classification prescribed for the various occupancy groups listed in Table IV -A when tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 2. 2. TESTING AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS (a) Testing. Critical radiant flux values of interior floor finishes shall be established by tests conducted in accordance with procedures specified within Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, National Fire Protection Association Standard 253-1978 conducted by an approved testing agency. (b) Classification. Interior floor finish materials which are judged by the chief to represent an unusual hazard which are to be installed in an exit enclosure, passageway or corridor shall be tested and classified on the basis of tests con- ducted in accordance with Subsection 2 as follows: 1. Class 1 Interior Floor Finish. Materials having a minimum critical radiant flux of 0.45 watt per square centimeter. 2. Class 2 Interior Floor Finish. Materials having a minimum critical radiant flux of 0.22 watt per square centimeter. 3. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CRITICAL RADIANT FLUX W� (a) General. Interior floor finish materials judged by the chief to represent an = a unusual hazard shall meet the classification prescribed for the various occupancy g groups listed in Table IV -A when tested in accordance with the requirements of d " Section 2. EXCEPTION: When an approved automatic sprinkler system is installed, Class 2 materials may be used in any area where Class 1 materials are required and the materials need not be classified in areas where Class 2 materials are permitted. (b) Test Report Availability. All interior floor finish materials required by this section to meet critical radiant flux limits in accordance with Section 2 shall be tested by an approved laboratory. A copy of the test report identifying and representing the style to be installed shall be provided to the chief upon request. The test report shall identify the interior floor finish by manufacturer (or supplier) and style name and shall be representative of the current construction of the material to be installed. 361 APPENDIX IV -A UNIFORM FIRE CODE (c) Identification. The interior floor finish material shall be identified by a hang tag or other suitable method as to manufacturer (or supplier) and style and shall indicate the classification of the material based upon the limits specified within Section 2. TABLE IV -A —INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH REQUIREMENTS USE GROUPS REQUIRED EXITS AND PASSAGEWAYSi CORRIDORS PROVIDING EXIT ACCESS Group A 2 2 Group B-2 2 2 Group E 2 2 Group I2 1 1 Group R-1 2 2 'Combustible floor finish not permitted for stairs in Types I and II construction nor other types of construction exceeding three stories in height. 2Combustible floor finish not permitted in rooms occupied by inmates or patients whose personal liberties are restrained. 362 1985 EDITION APPENDIX V-A Division V STANDARDS APPENDIX V-A NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS OF GOOD PRACTICE The following standards and publications are intended for use as a guide to attain a reasonable level of safety where specific requirements are not stated or i specific standards are not adopted or referenced in the body of the code. 33 AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION LABORATORIES 8501 East Pleasant Road, Cleveland, OH 44131 1425 Grande Vista Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90023 DIRECTORY OF CERTIFIED APPLIANCES AND ACCESSORIES COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110 CGA PAMPHLETS G-1 Acetylene. G-2 Anhydrous Ammonia. G-3 Sulphur Dioxide. G-4 Oxygen. G-5 Hydrogen. P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases. P-2 Characteristics and Safe Handling of Medical Gases. V-5 Diameter -Index Safety System. FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH 1151 Boston -Providence Turnpike, Norwood, MA 02062 0 5 ZC ac INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES 1575 I Street, N.W., Suite 550, Washington, DC 20005 IME PAMPHLETS No. 1 Construction Guide for Storage Magazines —Jan., 1983. No. 20 Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard in Use of Electric Blasting Caps —Sept., 1981. NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 NFPA NATIONAL FIRE CODES 363 APPENDIX V-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062 1655 Scott Blvd., Santa Clara, CA 95050 U.L. INC. DIRECTORIES Automotive, Burglary Protection and Mechanical Equipment. Building Materials. Electrical Appliance and Utilization Equipment. Electrical Construction Materials. Fire Protection Equipment. Fire Resistance. Gas and Oil Equipment. General Information from Electrical Construction Materials and Hazardous Location Equipment Directories. Hazardous Location Equipment. Marine Products. Recognized Component. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Code of Federal Regulations, Titles 1-50, Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 364 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI -A Division VI INFORMATIONAL APPENDIX VI -A EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING FOR FIRE EXPOSURE FOR ABOVEGROUND TANKS The requirements for emergency venting given in Table No. 79.510-A and the modification factors in Section 79.510 (b) 4 are derived from a consideration of: 1. Probable maximum rate of heat transfer per unit area; 2. Size of tank and the percentage of total area likely to be exposed; 3. Time required to bring tank contents to boil; 4. Time required to heat unwet portions of the tank shell or roof to a temperature where the metal will lose strength; 5. Effect of drainage, insulation and the application of water in reducing fire exposure and heat transfer. Table No. 79.510-A is based on a composite curve which is considered to be composed of three straight lines when plotted on log -log paper. The curve may be defined in the following manner: The first straight line is drawn on log -log paper between the point 400,000 Btu/h, at 20 square feet exposed surface area and the point 4,000,000 Btu/h at 200 square feet exposed surface area. The equation for this portion of the curve is Q = 20,000A. The second straight line is drawn on log -log graph paper between the points 4,000,000 Btu/h at 200 square feet exposed surface area and 9,950,000 Btu/h at 1,000 square feet exposed surface area. The equation for this portion of the curve is Q = 199,300A•566. The third straight line is plotted on log -log graph paper between the points 9,950,000 Btu/h at 1,000 square feet exposed surface area and 14,090,000 Btu/h, at 2,800 square feet exposed surface area. The equation for this portion of the curve is Q = 963,400A•338. O = 20,000A O = 199,300A-568 O = 963,400A•338 A O A O A O , 20 400,000 200 4,000,000 1,000 10,000,000 30 600,000 250 4,539,000 1,200 10,593,000 40 800,000 300 5,032,000 1,400 11,122,000 50 1,000,000 350 5,491,000 1,600 11,601,000 60 1,200,000 400 5,922,000 1,800 12,040,000 70 1,400,000 500 6,719,000 2,000 12,449,000 80 1,600,000 600 7,450,000 2,400 13,188,000 90 1,800,000 700 8,129,000 2,800 14,000;900 100 2,000,000 800 8,768,000 and over 120 2,400,000 900 9,372,000 140 2,800,000 1,000 10,000,000 160 3,200,000 180 3,600,000 200 4,000,000 365 0 m Q V ec a os �F zc zc APPENDIX VI -A UNIFORM FIRE CODE For areas exceeding 2,800 square feet it has been concluded that complete fire involvement is unlikely, and loss of metal strength from overheating will cause failure in the vapor space before development of maximum possible vapor evolution rate. Therefore, additional venting capacity beyond the vapor equiv- alent of 14,090,000 Btu/h will not be effective or required. For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressures over 1 psig, additional venting for exposed surfaces beyond 2,800 square feet is believed to be desirable because, under these storage conditions, liquids are stored close to their boiling points. Therefore, the time to bring the container contents to boiling conditions may not be significant. For these situations a heat input value should be deter- mined on the basis of Q = 21,O00Ao.82 The flow capacities are based on the assumption that the stored liquid will have the characteristics of hexane, and the vapor liberated has been transposed to equivalent free at at 60°F. and 14.7 psis by using appropriate factors in: CFH = 70.5QLV where 70.5 is the factor for converting pounds of gas to cubic feet of air; Q = the total heat input per hour expressed in Btu; L = latent heat of vaporization; and M = molecular weight. x 3 m 14,090,000 z 20 9,950,000 1= IL $ 4,000,000 m a a W S O 400,000 20 200 1.000 2,800 A = EXPOSED WETTED SURFACE AREA IN SQUARE FEET 30,000 CURVE FOR DETERMINING REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY VENTING DURING FIRE EXPOSURE 366 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI -A No consideration has been given to possible expansion from the heating of the vapor above the boiling point of the liquid, its specific heat, or the difference in density between the discharge temperature and 60°F. , since some of these changes are compensating. Since tank vent valves are ordinarily rated in CFH standard air, the figures derived from Table No. 79.510-A may be used with the appropriate tank pressure as a basis for valve selection. The table below gives for a variety of chemicals the constants which can be used to compute the vapor generated and equivalent free air for liquids other than hexane, where greater exactness is desired. Inspections of the table will show that the use of hexane in deriving Table No. 79.510-A provides results which are within an acceptable degree of accuracy for the listed liquids. HEAT OF VAPORIZATION MOLECULAR CHEMICAL L� WEIGHT BOILING POINT Acetaldehyde 1673 44.05 252 Acetic acid 1350 60.05 174 Acetic anhydride 1792 102.09 177 Acetone 1708 58.08 224 Acetonitrile 2000 41.05 312 Acrylonitrile 1930 53.05 265 n-Amyl alcohol 2025 88.15 216 Aniline 1795 93.12 186 Benzene 1493 78.11 169 n-Butyl acetate 1432 116.16 133 n-Butyl alcohol 2185 74.12 254 Carbon disulfide 1310 76.13 150 Chlorobenzene 1422 112.56 134 Cyclohexane 1414 84.16 154 Cyclohexanol 1953 100.16 195 Cyclohexanone 1625 98.14 164 o-Dichlorobenzene 1455 147.01 120 cis-Dichloroethylene 1350 96.95 137 Diethyl amine 1403 73.14 164 Dimethyl acetamide 1997 87.12 214 Dimethyl amine 1676 45.08 250 Dimethyl formamide 2120 73.09 248 Dioxane (diethylene ether) 1665 88.10 177 Ethyl acetate 1477 88.10 157 Ethyl alcohol 2500 46.07 368 Ethyl chloride 1340 64.52 167 Ethylene dichloride 1363 98.97 137 Ethyl ether 1310 74.12 152 Furan 1362 68.07 165 Furfural 1962 96.08 200 (Continued) 367 APPENDIX VI -A (Continued) UNIFORM FIRE CODE HEAT OF VAPORIZATION MOLECULAR BTU PER I.B. AT CHEMICAL LV-U WEIGHT BOILING POINT Gasoline 1370-1470 96.0 140-150 n-Heptane 1383 100.20 138 n-Hexane 1337 86.17 144 Hydrogen cyanide 2290 27.03 430 Isoamyl alcohol 1990 88.15 212 Isobutyl alcohol 2135 74.12 248 Isopropyl alcohol 2225 60.09 287 Methyl alcohol 2680 32.04 474 Methyl ethyl ketone 1623 72.10 191 Methyl methacrylate 1432 100.14 143 n-Octane 1412 114.22 132 n-Pentane 1300 72.15 153 n-Propyl acetate 1468 102.13 145 n-Propyl alcohol 2295 60.09 296 Tetrahydro furan 1428 72.10 168 Toluene 1500 92.13 156 Vinyl acetate 1532 86.09 165 o-Xylene 1538 106.16 149 Note: For data on other chemicals, see chemistry handbook. APPROXIMATE WETTED AREAS FOR HORIZONTAL TANKS (Wetted Area Equals 75 Percent Total Area) Tank Diameter, Feet 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 1 11 12 Tank Length, APPROXIMATE WETTED AREA OF TANKS WITH FLAT HEADS Feet 3 32 4 39 55 5 46 65 88 6 53 74 100 128 7 60 84 112 142 173 8 67 93 124 156 190 226 9 74 102 136 170 206 245 286 10 81 112 147 184 223 264 308 353 11 88 121 159 198 239 283 329 377 428 12 95 131 171 213 256 301 350 400 454 509 13 102 140 183 227 272 320 371 424 480 537 14 109 150 194 241 289 339 393 447 506 565 15 116 159 206 255 305 358 414 471 532 594 16 123 169 218 269 322 377 435 495 558 622 17 130 178 230 283 338 395 456 518 584 650 18 137 188 242 298 355 414 477 542 610 678 19 197 253 312 371 433 499 565 636 707 20 206 265 326 388 452 520 589 662 735 21 216 277 340 404 471 541 612 688 763 22 225 289 354 421 490 562 636 714 792 23 1 1 235 1 300 1 368 1 437 1 508 1 584 1 659 1 740 820 (Continued) 368 1985 EDITION (Continued) APPENDIX VI -A Tank Diameter, Feet 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 9 10 11 1 12 Tank Length, APPROXIMATE WETTED AREA OF TANKS WITH FLAT HEADS Feet 24 244 312 383 454 527 605 683 765 848 25 324 397 470 546 626 706 791 876 26 336 411 487 565 647 730 817 905 27' 347 425 503 584 668 754 843 933 28 359 440 520 603 690 777 869 961 29 371 454 536 621 711 801 895 989 30 383 468 553 640 732 824 921 1018 31 395 482 569 659 753 848 947 1046 32 496 586 678 775 871 973 1074 33 510 602 697 796 895 999 1103 34 524 619 715 817 918 1025 1131 35 539 635 734 838 942 1051 1159 36 553 652 753 860 966 1077 1187 37 567 668 772 881 989 1103 1216 38 685 791 902 1013 1129 1244 39 701 810 923 1036 1155 1272 40 718 828 944 1060 1181 1301 41 734 847 966 1083 1207 1329 42 751 866 987 1107 1233 1357 43 767 885 1008 1130 1259 1385 44 904 1029 1154 1284 1414 45 923 1051 1178 1310 1442 46 941 1072 1201 1336 1470 47 960 1093 1225 1362 1498 48 979 1114 1248 1388 1527 49 998 1135 1272 1414 1555 50 1157 1295 1440 1583 51 1178 1319 1466 1612 52 1199 1342 1492 1640 53 1220 1366 1518 1668 54 1246 1389 1544 1696 55 1263 1413 1570 1725 56 1437 1593 1753 57 1460 1622 1781 58 1484 1648 1809 59 1507 1674 1839 60 1531 1700 1866 61 1726 1894 62 1752 1923 63 1778 1951 64 1803 1979 65 1829 2007 66 1855 2036 67 2064 68 2092 69 2120 70 2149 71 2177 72 2205 369 APPENDIX VI-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-B MODEL CITATION PROGRAM Part I SCOPE Many agencies charged with the responsibility of enforcing the Uniform Fire Code have determined that the issuance of citations is necessary for gaining compliance in some circumstances. Therefore, the following outline and exam- ples have been drawn up to assist jurisdictions in the formulation of a citation program. (a) Initiating Correspondence. (See Part II, Example No. 1.) The first step in establishing a citation program is to write a letter to the appropriate legal officer of the jurisdiction stating the need, legal basis and intent to establish a program of this type. This letter should prompt a reply from the legal officer advising the enforcing agency of the action necessary to implement the program. (b) Citation Ordinance. (See Part II, Example No. 2 when required.) In a few jurisdictions the legal officer has advised the enforcing agency that a municipal ordinance must be passed to allow for the issuance of citations. In such cases, a model ordinance is provided as an example. (c) Citation Program. In the majority of cases, the legal officer has required the enforcing agency to submit the complete program to his or her office for review and approval. (d) Components. The necessary components of a complete citation program include the following: (i) Operating procedure and policy. (See Part III.) (ii) Sample forms. (See Part IV; Pre -citation Letter, Sample No. 1; the Citation, Sample No. 2.) (iii) Bail schedule. (See Sample No. 3.) Part II EXAMPLES Example No.1 Model Citation Initiation Correspondence Address correspondence to the appropriate legal officer in the municipality or district (i.e., city attorney or district attorney). Dear Sir: The Fire Department is proposing to initiate a citation program. This department has determined that there is a need for this type of action and, in some applications, would appropriately serve the legal process. To date, where we have been unable to gain compliance through routine inspection, notifications, reinspections, granting of time, explanations and extensions, we have had to file 370 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI-B formal complaints. This process has consistently resulted in extended delays, continuing violations and added work for legal departments. Also, in special situations where immediate action must be taken, citations could be issued to individuals violating the law. This department is currently required by law to enforce law pertaining to fire and life safety. Section 2.105 of the Uniform Fire Code reads as follows: Sec. 2.105. Authority of Fire Personnel to Exercise Powers of Police Officers. The chief and members of the fire prevention bureau shall have the powers of a police officer in performing their duties under this code. This provision of the Uniform Fire Code makes it clear that firemen have the powers of police officers as it pertains to this code. It would be our intent to continue to follow the normal notice procedure presently being used and to issue citations only in those situations where it is deemed applicable. Citations would not be issued at the time of first contact except in unusual circumstances. The proposed program would eliminate the clerical and legal work of many cases which currently must go through the complaint process. Please review the program as submitted and contact for your response to the proposed program. Example No. 2 Model Citation Ordinance ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ADDING SECTION TO THE MUNICIPAL CODE, PROVIDING FOR CITY COUNCIL DESIGNATION OF EMPLOYEES AND OFFICERS AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE ARREST CITATIONS. THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. Chapter of the Municipal Code is hereby amended by the addition thereto of a new section, to be numbered and reading as follows: Issuance of Citations by Designated Officers and Employees. Officers and employees of the city who have the discretionary duty to 0 enforce a statute or ordinance may, pursuant to Section of tgqLe law and subject to the provisions hereof, arrest a person without a warrant whenever any such officer or employee has reasonable cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed a misdemeanor in the officer's or ` employee's presence which he or she has the discretionary duty to enforce, and to issue a notice to appear and to release such person on his or her 371 APPENDIX VI-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE written promise to appear in court, pursuant to Section of the fjtate law). No officer or employee shall be allowed by his or her superior to exercise the arrest and citation authority herein conferred, unless such officer or employee is within a classification of city officers and employees designated by resolution of the city council to exercise such arrest and citation authority as to specified misdemeanor violations. The city man- ager shall establish and cause to be administered a special enforcement training program designed to instruct each officer or employee who will exercise such arrest and citation authority, regarding the provisions of the statutes and ordinances to be enforced, the evidentiary prerequisites to , proper prosecution for violations thereof, the appropriate procedures for making arrests or otherwise prudently exercising such arrest and citation authority, and the legal and practical ramifications and limitations atten- dant thereto. Any such officers or employees shall be appropriately instructed to deposit executed citations or notices within the (appropriate agency) for filing with the court after review for legal sufficiency. SECTION 2. Effective Date. This ordinance shall be in full force and effect thirty (30) days after passage. SECTION 3. Publication. The city clerk is hereby ordered and directed to certify to the passage of this ordinance and to cause same to be published once in , a daily newspaper of general circulation, printed, published and circu- lated in the City of ADOPTED this day of 19 Part III OPERATING PROCEDURE CITATION PROGRAM Department Policy The fire prevention bureau shall be responsible for the enforcement of laws and regulations for the safeguarding, to a reasonable degree, of life and property from the hazards of fire and explosion and from conditions hazardous to life and property in the use or occupancy of buildings or premises and their contents. It is the intent of the department to achieve compliance by traditional means of inspection, notification, granting of reasonable time to comply and reinspection. The citation shall be used only after all reasonable means to gain compliance have failed or, with proper justification, at the discretion of the fire chief. By department policy, only those members of the fire department specifically designated by the fire chief may issue citations. The adoption of the Uniform Fire Code is contained in the Ordinance, Division , Article , Section , and establishes the proce- dures for handling violations of said code and applicable city ordinances. 372 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI-B Purpose 1. To gain compliance with the state and local codes, ordinances and regula- tions, when all reasonable efforts have been unsuccessful. 2. A course of action to be taken when a condition exists that causes an immediate and/or extreme threat to life or property from fire and explosion. Authority 1. Ordinance, Section , grants authority to use citations for violations of "any ordinance of the 2. Uniform Fire Code Sections 2.204 (a) and 2.205 state that the "chief or his duly authorized representative shall issue such orders or notices as may be necessary for the enforcement of the fire prevention laws and ordinances. " 3. Pursuant to state law (section), citations for misdemeanors, any local or state code applicable to fire and life safety may be cited. Penalty Ordinances: Not more than $500.00 fine; imprisonment not more than 6 months; or both. A misdemeanor. Each day is a separate offense. Materials Helpful in Writing a Citation 1. Uniform Fire Code. 2. List of court holidays 3. List of common codes and sections violated. Officer's Demeanor The manner in which the officer conducts his relationship with the violator is of paramount importance. It has an effect on the violator's attitude throughout the duration of the citing period and a strong bearing on public opinion concerning this department. A courteous and businesslike demeanor must be displayed, and at NO TIME should the officer enter into an argument. Remember, most violators blame the officer, not themselves. An alert, confident manner and a reasonable attitude may affect the violator, creating a more favorable atmosphere for the issuance of the citation. Salutation or Introduction It is very important for the officer to adequately introduce himself, establish his identity and the purpose of his presence to the person in charge of the premises. Reason to Issue Citation Citations will not normally be issued on the first visit. When routine violations of the applicable fire code are encountered, citations will generally be issued following the third visit or second reinspection. If code compliance has not been obtained on the second visit or the rust reinspection, the inspector should mention the possibility of a citation and the need to issue one. In all cases, adequate time shall be provided between inspec- tions. This will vary with the seriousness of the violation and the complexity of the work to be done. 373 APPENDIX VI-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE In those instances where the time limit for compliance has expired but the violator is doing his best to comply and no immediate fire or life hazard exists, the decision not to issue a citation can be made by the inspector. Issuance of Citation The citation (Notice to Appear) must be signed by the person responsible for the premises. This may be the owner, lessee or manager, but the citation must be issued to the responsible person. Making the Arrest (Issue Citation) A citation for a misdemeanor offense is an arrest. The violator's signature is a promise to appear as instructed and the violator is released upon his signing. Refusal to sign would require physical arrest. (See Refusal to Sign Citation, below.) After the officer has made his decision to arrest, he should make the arrest by notifying the violator that he is arrested, the cause for the arrest and the authority to make the arrest (enabling state or local law). Refusal to Sign Citation The citation is a release stating that the defendant will appear in court or post bail in lieu of physical arrest. In extreme cases, one may encounter an individual who will refuse to sign the citation. After all reasonable efforts have been pursued and a signature is not obtainable, the fire prevention officer will summon a police officer or sheriff, explain the situation to him, and request a physical arrest (per state law section). Accountability Each citation is numbered and accounted for. A list of all citations will be maintained in the headquarters fire prevention office according to the area office of issuance. If a mistake is made while a citation is being written, it shall be voided and the office copy given to the fire department citation clerk for filing. Procedures 1. Routine Violations: A written notice shall be issued whenever a code violation is encountered. The notice shall be issued to the persons responsible for the premises or his authorized representative. The time established for reinspection may vary depending on circumstances, but generally within 15-30 days one of the following should occur: a. Compliance with all requirements. b. Partial compliance with a designated reinspection date. c. A satisfactory proposal for compliance with an agreed -upon time for completion. d. A final notice issued with a warning of pending legal action. The amount of time permitted for compliance shall be dependent upon the hazard and danger created by the violation. Excessive time for compliance may 374 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI-B weaken the fire department's position in the event legal action is required. When deemed necessary by the enforcing agency, a courtesy pre -citation letter may be issued to warn of a pending citation (see Sample No. 1). Such letters may be sent by certified mail if the violator is not available. 2. Imminent Hazards: a. Order hazard abated. A. If the hazard is abated as requested, follow with a pre -citation letter advising of a citation procedure for future or similar violations. Citation may be issued if it is a repeat violation. B. If the hazard is not abated, inspector takes action necessary to abate hazard and citation is issued immediately. 3. Tlransient Violators (violations not occuring at a permanent place of business): a. Violations involving persons who are transient are handled by a citation or by arrest if the violation is committed in the inspector's presence. b. When a physical arrest is necessary, a local law enforcement officer (sheriff or police) shall be requested to take the violator into custody and to ensure proper procedures are followed. 4. Citation Procedures: a. Adults being cited (19 years or older) must be able to be reached in the event a bench warrant is issued. b. Adults cited shall be cited in the local judicial court. c. Juveniles shall be cited into juvenile court. d. Citation books shall be issued by citation number to the assigned inspector. The inspector is accountable for each citation by number. e. Citation shall be filled out completely and correctly and all pertinent information entered. f. When the citation is written and completed, copies will be distributed as follows: A. Cited person's copy —give to violator. B. Court copy (original) —attach copies of inspection notices and a summary sheet and deliver to the district attorney or the city attorney. C. File copy (fire department's copy) --forward to the fire chief's office; a duplicate will be returned to the field office for the occu- pancy file. g. The fire department shall keep a citation log entering each citation and final disposition. Restrictions 1. Citations shall be issued only after all responsible means to gain voluntary compliance have been exhausted as supported by documentation. EXCEPTION: Citations issued for violations which present imminent life haz- 375 APPENDIX VI-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE ards such as trespassing in a closed area, smoking in closed or restricted areas, failure to obey lawful orders of a fireman, faulty equipment or procedures, and violations of a similar nature will not require prior justification. 2. Citations shall be issued only by qualified officers as designated by the fire chief. Use of Citation 1. Citations shall be used only where a violation of a specific section of the appropriate code or ordinance has occurred. 2. Documentation establishing prior efforts to gain compliance shall be in evidence. EXCEPTION: Citations issued for violations which present imminent life haz- ards such as trespassing in a closed area, smoking in closed or restricted areas, failure to obey lawful orders of a fireman, faulty equipment or procedures, and violations of similar nature will not require prior justification. 3. Issuing person shall be qualified as required by state law. 4. The offense for which the citation is issued shall be a misdemeanor and NOT a felony. 5. The date to appear as shown on the citation shall be as set forth by the local municipal court from the date of issuance. 6. Whenever the issuing person questions the uncertainty of releasing the violator upon signing the citation on his promise to appear, the assistance of a sheriff or police officer should be requested. 7. All violations shall be indicated on the citation with reference to the appropriate code or regulations, including the specific section number. 8. All violations as shown on the citation shall be explained to the violator prior to his signing. 376 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI-B Part IV SAMPLES Sample No.1 Pre -citation Letter Date Certified Mail —Return receipt requested Delivered in person Dear Mr. The Fire Department conducted a fire safety inspection at the following: Address on (date) At that time a notice was issued indicating the corrections required to provide compliance with the applicable codes, regulations and ordinances. Compliance is required by the Uniform Fire Code, Section 3.102. Reinspections were made on (date of reinspection) in an attempt to gain compliance with the above -mentioned Fire Code regulations. We were unsuc- cessful in obtaining compliance. This letter is to inform you that a fire inspector for the Fire Depart- ment will make a reinspection at the above -mentioned establishment on to determine if the necessary corrections have been made. If the necessary corrections have not been completed by , a citation will be issued which will require an appearance by you in court. This letter is written as a courtesy to you in order to avoid future litigation. Name Title 377 APPENDIX VI -El UNIFORM FIRE CODE FORMS APPROVED BY JUDICIAL COUNCIL [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation) FACE SIDE OF THE FORM F--ClTf -®r - ---- -_ NOTME TO APPEAR No. 0001 DATE 19 TIME M DAY OF LYc'EK NAME (FIRST, MIDDLE, LAST) RESIDENCE ADDRESS CITY BUSINESS ADDRESS CITY DRIVER'S LICENSE No STATE CLASS I BIRTHDATE SEX HAIR EYES HEIGHT WEIGHT OTHER DES. M F EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION BIRTHPLACE SOCIAL SECURrry No.VEHICLE LICENSE NO. SPATE YEAR OF VEHICLE MAKE MODEL GOOtl STYLE COLOR TH'e CUYICIPAL OR JUSTICE COURT FORM APPROVED BY THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF SEE REVERSE SIDE , (ADDRESS) DATE TIESE tM1T411N 19 M S DAYS Grey areas indicate spaces subject to local or agency requirements. 378 Grey areas indicate spaces subject to local or agency requirements. 378 1985 EDITION RULES OF COURT [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation] REVERSE SIDE OF VIOLATORS COPY APPENDIX VI-B IMPORTANT —READ CAREFULLY WARNING: WILLFUL FAILURE TO APPEAR AS PROMISED IS A SEPARATE VIOLATION FOR WHICH YOU MAY BE ARRESTED AND PUNISHED BY 6 MONTHS IN JAIL AND/OR $500.00 FINE, REGARDLESS OF THE DISPOSITION OF THE ORIGINAL CHARGE. DICE OF COURT CLERK —HOURS -7 379 APPENDIX VI-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE FORMS APPROVED BY JUDICIAL COUNCIL [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation] REVERSE SIDE OF COURT COPY BAIL: THE DEFENDANT IS TO BE ADMITTED TO BAIL IN THE SUM OF DOLLARS JUDGE 1300KING: (TO BE ORDERED ONLY ON THE REOUEST OF ARRESTING OFFICER THE DEFENDANT IS ORDERED TO REPORT TO THE [NAME OF THE ARRESTING AGENCY[ AT (ADDRESS.[ AND TO BE BOOKED AS PROVIDED BY LAW. JUDGE 380 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI-B Sample No. 3 Bail Schedule INSERT LOCAL ORDINANCES WHERE APPLICABLE SECTION OFFENSE BAIL Article 3 3.101 Unlawful Continuance of Hazard $500.00 3.102 Compliance with Order or Notice 500.00 3.103 Unlawful Use with Tag Affixed 500.00 3.104 Unlawful Removal of Tag 500.00 All other violations are $75.00 plus court costs. Fines are forfeitable on first offense and mandatory appearance is required on second offense. 381 APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-C REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE , UNIFORM BUILDING CODE 382 TABLE NO.5-A—WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION OF OCCUPANCIES BASED ON LOCATION ON PROPERTY TYPES II ONE -HOUR, II-N AND V CONSTRUCTION: For exterior wall and opening protection of Types 11 One -hour, II-N and V buildings, see table below and Sections 504, 709, 1903 and 2203. This table does not apply to Types I, II-FR., III and IV construction, see Sections 1803, 1903, 2003 and 2103. FIRE RESISTANCE OF OPENINGS IN GROUP DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCY EXTERIOR WALLS EXTERIOR WALLS 1—Any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of 1000 or more in the building Not applicable (See Sections 602 and 603.) 2—Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of less than 1000 and a stage Not permitted less than 2.1—Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an 2 hours less than 10 5 feet occupant load of 300 or more without a stage, including such buildings feet, I hour less than Protected less than used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E 40 feet 10 feet A or Group B, Division 2 Occupancy See also Section 3—Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an 2 hours less than 5 feet, Not permitted less than 602 occupant load of less than 300 without a stage, including such buildings used l hour less than 40 feet 5 feet for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group B, Division Protected less than 10 feet 2 Occupancy 4—Stadiums, reviewing stands and amusement park structures not included I hour less than 10 feet Protected less than 10 feet within other Group A Occupancies 1--Gasoline service stations, garages where no repair work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding, or use B of Class I, II or III -A liquids 2—Drinking and dining establishments having an occupant load of less than 50, Not permitted less than 5 See also wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, printing plants, municipal 1 hour less than 20 feet feet Section police and fire stations, factories and workshops using material not highly Protected less than 10 feet 702 flammable or combustible, storage and sales rooms for combustible goods, paint stores without bulk handling Buildings or portions of buildings having rooms used for educational purposes, beyond the 12th grade, with less than 50 occupants in any room (Continued) x n P. 383 REF. TABLES FROM THE umrnou enu noun none w A TABLE NO. 5-A—Continued TYPES 11 ONE -HOUR, II-N AND V ONLY I FIRE RESISTANCE OF OPENINGS IN GROUP DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCY EXTERIOR WALLS EXTERIOR WALLS B 3—Aircraft hangars where no repair work is done except exchange of parts and 1 hour less than 20 feet Not permitted less than (Cont.) maintenance requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of Class I or II 5 feet liquids Protected less than 20 feet Open parking garages (For requirements, See Section 709.) Heliports 4—Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage and creameries 1 hour less than 5 feet Not permitted less than Factories and workshops using noncombustible and nonexplosive materials 5 feet Storage and sales rooms of noncombustible and nonexplosive materials E 1—Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by 50 or See also more persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one day 2 hours less than 5 feet, Not permitted less than Section 2—Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by less 1 hour less than 10 feet' 5 feet 802 than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one day Protected less than 10 3—Any building used for day-care purposes for more than six children feet' H 1—Storage, handling, use or sale of hazardous and highly flammable or See also explosive materials other than Class 1, II, or III -A liquids [See also Section See Chapter 9 and the Fire Code Sections 901 (a), Division 1.] 902 and 903 2—Storage, handling, use or sale of Classes I, II and III -A liquids; dry cleaning plants using Class I, II or III -A liquids; paint stores with bulk handling; paint shops and spray -painting rooms and shops [See also Section 901 (a), 4 hours less than 5 feet, Not permitted less than Division 2.] 2 hours less than 10 5 feet 3—Woodworking establishments, planing mills, box factories, buffing rooms feet, 1 hour less than 20 Protected less than 20 feet for tire -rebuilding plants and picking rooms; shops, factories or warehouses feet where loose combustible fibers or dust are manufactured, processed, generated or stored; and pin -refinishing rooms 4—Repair garages not classified as a Group B, Division 1 Occupancy 'Group E, Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies having an occupant load of not more than 20 may have exterior wall and opening protection as required for Group R, Division 3 Occupancies. H 5—Aircraft repair hangars (Cont.) 6—Semiconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and I hour less than 60 feet Protected less than 60 feet development areas when the facilities in which hazardous production 4 hours less than 5 feet, Not permitted less than 5 materials are used are designed and constructed in accordance with Section 2 hours less than 10 feet, protected less than 911 and storage, handling and use of hazardous materials is in accordance feet, 1 hour less than 20 20 feet with the Fire Code. [See also Section 901 (a), Division 6.1 feet I 1—Nurseries for the full-time care of children under the age of six (each 2 hours less than 5 feet, See also accommodating more than five persons) I hour elsewhere Section Hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with nonambulatory patients and 1002 similar buildings (each accommodating more than five persons) Not permitted less than 5 feet Protected less than 10 feet 2—Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for children six years of age I hour or over (each accommodating more than five persons) 3—Mental hospitals, mental sanitariums, jails, prisons, reformatories and 2 hours less than 5 feet, Not permitted less than 5 buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained 1 hour elsewhere feet, protected less than 10 feet M2 1—Private garages, carports, sheds and agricultural buildings I hour less than 3 feet Not permitted less than 3 (See also Section 1101, Division 1.) (or may be protected on feet the exterior with materials approved for 1-hour fire -resistive construction) 2—Fences over 6 feet high, tanks and towers Not regulated for fire resistance R I —Hotels and apartment houses I hour less than 5 feet Not permitted less than See also Convents and monasteries (each accommodating more than 10 persons) 5 feet Section 1202 3—Dwellings and lodging houses 1 hour less than 3 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet 2For agricultural buildings, see Appendix Chapter 11. NNOTES: (]) See Section 504 for types of walls affected and requirements covering percentage of openings permitted in exterior walls. (2) For additional restrictions, see chapters under Occupancy and Types of Construction. (3) For walls facing yards and public ways, see Part IV. (4) Openings shall be protected by a fire assembly having a three -fourths -hour fire -protection rating. TABLE NO.5-B—REQUIRED SEPARATION IN BUILDINGS OF MIXED OCCUPANCY (In Hours) ©©` ©©©000©00000©000 ©©©©` ©000©00000©000 �0©©©©` 000©©000000®0 ©oo©00000©0000©oo© ©v00000�vo©ov00000©, m©oo©oo©ono©00000©o© ©©©©©©©ovv�000v©0000. ®00000©©©©o�oov©0000 ®voov0000voo�00000©© ®0000000000vo�0000©© �0000000000voo�000©© m000©00000©©00000©oo v©©©©©o©00000000�000 �00000000©00000©0000 00000®©0000©©©0000© �voovov©©©oo©©©000©� Note: For detailed requirements and exceptions, see Section 503. 'The three-hour separation may be reduced to two hours where the Group B, Division 1 Occupancy is limited.to the storage of passenger motor vehicles having a capacity of not more than nine persons. This shall not apply where provisions of Section 702 (a) apply. 2For agricultural buildings, see also Appendix Chapter 11. TABLE NO.5-C-BASIC ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA FOR BUILDINGS ONE STORY IN HEIGHT1 (In Square Feet) TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION 1 II III IV V OCCUPANCY F.R. F.R. ONE -HOUR N ONE -HOUR N H.T. ONE -HOUR N A-] Unlimited 29,900 Not Permitted A) 2-2.1 Unlimited 29,900 13,500 Not Permitted 13,500 Not Permitted 13,500 10,500 Not Permitted A) 3-42 Unlimited 29,900 13,500 9,100 13,500 9,100 13,500 10,500 6,000 B) 1-2-33 Unlimited 39,900 18,000 12,000 18,000 12,000 18,000 14,000 8,000 B-4 Unlimited 59,900 27,000 18,000 27,000 18,000 27,000 21,000 12,000 E Unlimited 45,200 20,200 13,500 20,200 13,500 20,200 15,700 9,100 H) 1-24 15,000 12,400 5,600 3,700 5,600 3,700 5,600 4,400 2,500 H)3-4-5 Unlimited 24,800 11,200 7,500 11,200 7,500 11,200 8,800 5,100 H-6 Unlimited 39,900 1 18,000 12,000 18,000 12,000 18,000 14,000 8,000 1) 1-2 Unlimited 15,100 6,800 Not Permitted 6,800 Not Permitted 6,800 5,200 Not Permitted 1-3 Unlimited 15,100 Not Permitted5 M6 See Chapter 11 R-1 Unlimited 29,900 13,500 9,1005 13,500 9,1007 1 13,500 10,500 6,000� I R-3 Unlimited 'For multistory buildings, see Section 505 (b). 2For limitations and exceptions, see Section 602 (a). 3For open parking garages, see Section 709. 4See Section 903. SSee Section 1002 (b). 6For agricultural buildings, see also Appendix Chapter 11. 7For limitations and exceptions, see Section 1202 (b). V N-No requirements for fire resistance F.R.-Fire resistive H.T.-Heavy Timber D M M Z O X 0 TABLE NO.5-D—MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION 1 II-1 III IV V OCCUPANCY F.R. F.R ONE -HOUR N I ONE -HOUR I N H.T. ONE -HOUR N MAXIMUM HEIGHT IN FEET Unlimited 160 65 55 1 65 1 55 65 50 40 MAXIMUM HEIGHT IN STORIES A-1 Unlimited 4 Not Permitted A) 2-2.1 Unlimited 4 2 Not Permitted 2 Not Permitted 2 2 Not Permitted A) 3-41 Unlimited 12 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 B) 1-2-32 Unlimited 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 B-4 Unlimited 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 E3 Unlimited 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 H-1 Unlimited 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H) 2-3-4-5 Unlimited 5 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 H-6 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 I-1 Unlimited 3 1 Not Permitted 1 Not Permitted I 1 Not Permitted 1-2 Unlimited 3 2 Not Permitted 2 Not Permitted 2 2 Not Permitted 1-3 Unlimited 2 Not Permitted$ M5 See Chapter 11 R-1 Unlimited 12 4 26 4 26 4 3 26 R-3 Unlimited 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 'For limitations and exceptions, see Section 602 (a). 2For open parking garages, see Section 709. 3See Section 802 (c). 4See Section 1002 (b). 5For agricultural buildings, see also Appendix Chapter 11. 6For limitations and exceptions, see Section 1202 (b). N—No requirements for fire resistance F.R.—Fire Resistive H.T.—Heavy Timber X n TABLE NO. 17-A—TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION —FIRE -RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS (In Hours) For Details see Chapters under Occupancy and Types of Construction and for Exceptions see Section 1705. TYPE 1 TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V NONCOMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE BUILDING ELEMENT Resistive Resistive 1-Hr. N t-Hr. N H.T. 1-Hr. N Exterior Bearing Walls 4 Sec. 1803 (a) 1903 (a) I N 2003 (a) 2003 (a) 2103 (a) 1 N Interior Bearing Walls 3 2 1 N 1 N 1 1 N Exterior Nonhearing Sec. 4 1 N, 4 4 4 1 N Walls 1803 (a) 1903 (a) 1903 (a) 2003 (a) 2003 (a) 2103 (a) Structural Framer 3 2 1 N 1 N I or H.T. 1 N Partitions — Permanent 12 lz 1" N 1 N IIT.. 1 N Shaft Enclosures 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1706I 17106 Floors-Ceilings/Floors 2 2 1 1 N 1 N H.T. 1 N Roofs-Ceilings/Roofs Sec.1806 1906 1906 N 1 N H.T. 1 N Exterior Doors and Windows Sec. 1803 (b) 1903 (b) 1903 (b) 1903(b) 2003 (b) 2003 (b) 2103 (b) 2203 2203 N—No general requirements for fire resistance. H.T.—Heavy Timber. 'Structural frame elements in the exterior wall shall be protected against external fire exposure as required for exterior beaking walls or the structural frame, whichever is greater. 2Fire-retardant treated wood (see Section 407 may be used in the assembly, provided fire -resistance requirements are maintained. See Sections 1801 and 1901, respectively. APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.33-A—MINIMUM EGRESS AND ACCESS REQUIREMENTS MINIMUM OF ACCESS BY TWO EXITS MEANS OF A OTHER THAN RAMP OR AN ELEVATORS ARE ELEVATOR MUST REQUIRED OCCU- BE PROVIDED WHERE PANT FOR THE NUMBER OF LOAD PHYSICALLY OCCUPANTS IS FACTOR2 HANDICAPPED USEI AT LEAST SO. FT AS INDICATED3 1. Aircraft Hangars (no repair) 10 500 Yes 2. Auction Rooms 30 7 Yes 3. Assembly Areas, Concen- trated Use (without fixed seats) 50 7 Yes4 5 Auditoriums Bowling Alleys (Assembly areas) Churches and Chapels Dance Floors Lobby Accessory to Assembly Occupancy Lodge Rooms Reviewing Stands Stadiums 4. Assembly Areas, Less -con- centrated Use 50 15 Yes4 6 Conference Rooms Dining Rooms Drinking Establishments Exhibit Rooms Gymnasiums Lounges Stages 5. Children's Homes and Homes for the Aged 6 80 Yes? 6. Classrooms 50 20 Yess 7. Dormitories 10 50 Yes? 8. Dwellings 10 300 No 9. Garage, Parking 30 200 Yes9 10. Hospitals and Sanitariums — Nursing Homes 6 80 Yes 11. Hotels and Apartments 10 200 Yeslo 12. Kitchen —Commercial 30 200 No 13. Library Reading Room 50 50 Yes4 14. Locker Rooms 30 50 Yes 15. Malls (see Appendix Chapter 7) — — — 16. Manufacturing Areas 30 200 Yes? " 17. Mechanical Equipment Room 30 300 No 18. Nurseries for Children (Day-care) 7 35 Yes 390 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI-C TABLE NO.33-A—MINIMUM EGRESS AND ACCESS REQUIREMENTS — (Continued) MINIMUM OF ACCESS BY TWO EXITS MEANS OF A OTHER THAN RAMP OR AN ELEVATORS ARE ELEVATOR MUST REQUIRED OCCU- BE PROVIDED WHERE PANT FOR THE NUMBER OF LOAD PHYSICALLY OCCUPANTS IS FACTOR2 HANDICAPPED USE1 AT LEAST SO. FT AS INDICATED3 19. Offices 30 100 Yes? 20. School Shops and Vocational Rooms 50 50 Yes 21. Skating Rinks 50 50 on Yes4 the skating area; 15 on the deck 22. Storage and Stock Rooms 30 300 No 23. Stores —Retail Sales Rooms Basement 11 20 Yes Ground Floor 50 30 Yes Upper Floors 10 50 Yes 24. Swimming Pools 50 50 for Yes4 the pool area; 15 on the deck 25. Warehouses 30 1 500 No 26. All others 50 1 100 — 'For additional provisions on number of exits from Groups H and I Occupancies and from rooms containing fuel -fired equipment or cellulose nitrate see Sections 3320, 3321 and 3322, respectively. 2This table shall not be used to determine working space requirements per person. 3Elevators shall not be construed as providing a required exit. 'Access to secondary areas on balconies or mezzanines may be by stairs only, except when such secondary areas contain the only available toilet facilities. SReviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers need not comply. 6Access requirements for conference rooms, dining rooms, lounges and exhibit rooms that are part of an office use shall be the same as required for the office use. 'Access to floors other than that closest to grade may be by stairs only, except when the only available toilet facilities are on other levels. 8When the floor closest to the grade offers the same programs and activities available on other floors, access to the other floors may be by stairs only, except when the only available toilet facilities are on other levels. 9Access to floors other than that closest to grade and to garages used in connection with apartment houses may be by stairs only. 10See Section 1213 for access to buildings and facilities in hotels and apartments. I'See Section 3303 for basement exit requirements. 391 APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE NO.42-A—FLAME-SPREAD CLASSIFICATION MATERIAL QUALIFIED BY: Class Flame -spread Index I 0- 25 II 26- 75 III 76-200 TABLE NO.42-B—MAXIMUM FLAME -SPREAD CLASSIFICATIONS1 OCCUPANCY GROUP ENCLOSED VERTICAL EXITWAYS OTHER EXITWAYS2 ROOMS OR AREAS A I II II3 E I II III I I II II4 H I II III5 B I II III R-1 I II III R-3 III III III6 M NO RESTRICTIONS 'Foam plastics shall comply with the requirements specified in Section 1712. 2Finish classification is not applicable to interior walls and ceilings of exterior exit balconies. 3In Group A, Divisions 3 and 4 Occupancies, Class III may be used. 4In rooms in which personal liberties of inmates are forcibly restrained, Class I material only shall be used. 50ver two stories shall be of Class II. 6Flame-spread provisions are not applicable to kitchens and bathrooms of Group R, Division 3 Occupancies. 392 1985 EDITION APPENDIX VI-D APPENDIX VI-D UNIT CONVERSION TABLES SI SYMBOLS AND PREFIXES BASE UNITS Quantity Unit Symbol Length Meter In Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Electric current Ampere A Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin K Amount of substance Mole mol Luminous intensity Candela cd SI SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS Quantity Unit Symbol Plane angle Radian rad Solid angle Steradian sr SI PREFIXES Multiplication Factor Prefix Symbol 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 =1018 exa E 1 000 000 000 000 000 =1015 peta P 1 000 000 000 000 =1012 tera T 1 000 000 000 =109 giga G 1 000 000 =106 mega M 1 000 =103 kilo k 100 =102 hecto h 10 =101 deka da 0.1 = 10-1 deci d 0.01 =10.2 centi c 0.001 =10-3 milli m 0.000 001 =10-6 micro µ 0.000 000 001 =10-9 nano n 0.000 000 000 001 =10-12 Pico p 0.000 000 000 000 001 =10-15 femto f 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 =10-18 atto a (Continued) 393 APPENDIX VI-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE SI SYMBOLS AND PREFIXE"Continued) SI DERIVED UNIT WITH SPECIAL NAMES Quantity Unit Symbol Formula Frequency (of a periodic phenomenon) hertz Hz 1/s Force newton N kg•m/s2 Pressure, stress pascal Pa N/m2 Energy, work, quantity of heat joule J N-m Power, radiant flux watt W J/s Quantity of electricity, electric charge coulomb C A-s Electric potential, potential difference, electromotive force volt V W/A Capacitance farad F C/V Electric resistance ohm H V/A Conductance siemens S A/V Magnetic flux weber Wb V•s Magnetic flux density testa T Wb/m2 Inductance henry H Wb/A Luminous flux lumen Im cd-sr Illuminance lux Ix lm/m2 Activity (of radionuclides) becquerel Bq 1/s Absorbed dose gray Gy J/kg CONVERSION FACTORS To convert to multiply by LENGTH 1 mile (U.S. statute) km 1.609 347 1 yd m 0.9144 1 ft m 0.3048 mm 304.8 1 in mm 25.4 AREA 1 mile2 (U.S. statute) km2 2.58999 1 acre (U.S. survey) ha 0.404 687 m2 4046.87 1 yd2 m2 0.836 127 1 ft2 m2 0.092 903 1 in2 mm2 645.16 VOLUME, MODULUS OF SECTION 1 acre ft m3 1233.49 1 yd3 m3 0.764 555 100 board ft m3 0.235 974 1 ft3 m3 0.028 3168 L (dm3) 28.3168 1 in3 mm3 16 387.1 mL (cm3) 16.3871 1 barrel (42 U.S. gallons) m3 .158987 (Continued) 394 1985 EDITION CONVERSION FACTOR"Continued) APPENDIX VI-D To convert to multiply by (FLUID) CAPACITY 1 gal (U.S. liquid)** L* 3.785 41 1 qt (U.S. liquid) mL 946.353 1 pt (U.S. liquid) mL 473.177 1 fl oz (U.S.) mL 29.5735 1 gal (U.S. liquid) m3 0.003 785 **1 gallon (UK) approx. 1.2 gal (U.S.) *I liter approx. 0.001 cubic meters SECOND MOMENT OF AREA 1 in4 mm4 416 231 m4 0.416 231 x 10-6 PLANE ANGLE V (degree) rad 0.017 453 3 mrad 17.4533 V (minute) urad 290.888 1" (second) urad 4.848 14 VELOCITY, SPEED 1 ft/S m/S 0.3048 1 mile/h km/h 1.609 344 m/S 0.44704 VOLUME RATE OF FLAW 1 ft3/S m3/S 0.028 3168 1 ft3/min L/s 0.471 947 1 gal/min L/s 0.063 090 2 1 gal/min m3/min 0.0038 1 gat/h mL/s 1.051 50 1 million gaud L/s 43.8126 1 acre ft/s m3/s 1233.49 TEMPERATURE INTERVAL 1°F °C or K 0.555 556 5/9°C = 5/9 K EGUIVALENT TEMPERATURE (t, = Tk - 273.15) t=F 1 1 9/5 t-c + 32 MASS 1 ton (short***) metric ton 0.907 185 kg 907.185 1 lb kg 0.453 592 1 oz g 28.3495 * * *I long ton (2240 lb) kg 1016.05 MASS PER UNIT AREA 1 lb/ft2 kg/m2 4.882 43 1 oz/yd2 g/m2 33.9057 1 oz/ft2 g/m2 305.152 (Continued) 395 APPENDIX VI-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE CONVERSION FACTOR"Continued) To convert to multiply by DENSITY (MASS PER UNIT VOLUME) 1 lb/ft3 kg/m3 16.0185 1 lb/yd3 kg/m3 0.593 276 1 ton/yd3 t/m3 1.18655 FORCE 1 tonf (ton -force) kN 8.89644 1 kip (1000 lbf) kN 4.44822 1 lbf(pound-force) N 4.448 22 MOMENT OF FORCE, TORQUE 1 lbf-ft N•m 1.355 82 1 Ibf-in N-m 0.112 985 1 tonf-ft kN-m 2.711 64 1 kip-ft kN-m 1.355 82 FORCE PER UNIT LENGTH Ilbf/ft N/m 14.5939 1lbf/in N/m 175.127 1 tonf/ft kN/m 29.187 8 PRESSURE, STRESS, MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (FORCE PER UNIT AREA) (1 Pa = 1 N/m2) 1 tonf/inz MPa 13.7895 1 tonf/ft2 kPa 95.7605 1 kip/in2 MPa 6.89476 1 Ibf/in2 kPa 6.89476 1lbf/ft2 Pa 47.8803 Atmosphere kPa 101.3250 1 inch mercury kPa 3.376 85 1 foot (water column @32°F) kPa 2.98898 WORK, ENERGY, HEAT(1J = 1N•m = We) 1 kWh (550 ft-lbf/s) Mj 3.6 1 Btu (Int. Table) kJ 1.055 06 J 1055.06 1 ft-lbf J 1.355 82 COEFFICIENT OF HEAT TRANSFER 1 Btu/(ft2-h•°F) W/(m2-K) 5.678 26 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 1 Btu/(f -h °F) I W/(m•K) 1.730 73 ILLUMINANCE 1 Im/ft2 (footcandle) I Ix (lux) 10.7639 LUMINANCE 1 cd/ft2 cd/m2 10.7639 1 foot lambert cd/m2 3.42626 1 lambert kcd/m2 3.183 01 396 1985 EDITION INDEX INDEX Section A ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS...................................................... Article 9 ACCESS Roadways for fire apparatus...............................................................10.207 To buildings during construction or demolition................................................87.103 To buildings for high 81.109 used -piled combustible stock ............................................ To fire hydrants...................................................................... 10.301(c) To industrial plants...................................................................79.1312(b) To lumber yards ....................................................................30,102 To wrecking yard and waste material handling plant areas ...................................... 34.107 ADMINISTRATIVE.......................................................................... PartI Alternate materials and methods............................................................2.301 Applicationforpermit......................................................................4.103 Authority and duty of police personnel to assist in enforcing this code ............................. 2.106 Authority of fire personnel to exercise powers of police officers ................................... 2.105 Boardof Appeals.........................................................................2.302 Definitions............................................................................. Article 9 Destruction of siggns.......................................................................3.104 Fire Prevention Ins.....................................................................2.103 Fire prevention engineer or fire marshal ...................................................... 2.104 General provisions........................................................................9.101 Inspections........................................................................2.201,4.104 Intent of this code.........................................................................1.102 Investigations............................................................................2.202 Liability for damages......................................................................2.108 Orders, notices and tags...................................................................2.204 Permits............................................................................4.101,4.106 Recognized standards..................................................................2.303(b) Records and reports.......................................................................2.203 Responsibility for enforcement............................................................ 2.101 Retentionof permits.......................................................................4.105 Revocation of permits......................................................................4.107 Rightof entry .............................................................................2.107 Rules and regulations................................................................... 2.102 Scopeof this code........................................................................1.103 Service of orders and notices...............................................................2.205 Title of this code..........................................................................1.101 Unsafe buildings..........................................................................2.201 ADOPTION OF UNIFORM FIRE CODE (See page xxvl) AIR -SUPPORTED STRUCTURES........................................................ Article 32 Definition................................................................................9.103 AIRPORTS, HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS................................................ Article 24 Accessory equipment....................................................................24.119 Aircraft service station, definition............................................................ 9.103 Application of flammable finishes........................................................... 24.105 Bonding and grounding...................................................................24.120 Cleaningparts...........................................................................24.106 Clearance..............................................................................24.302 Combustible storage.....................................................................24.112 Construction of aircraft refuelare........................................................... 24.201 Dispensing flammable or combustible liquids ................................................ 24.103 Dispensing hose and nozzles..............................................................24.116 Drippans...............................................................................24.107 Exitways...............................................................................24.304 Federal aviation approval..................................................................24.305 Flammable and combustible liquid spillage .................................................. 24.303 Fueling and defueling.....................................................................24.203 Helistops(general).......................................................................24.301 Loading and unloading...................................................................24.207 Maintenance............................................................................24.206 Openflame.............................................................................24.108 Operation, maintenance and use of aircraft refueler units ...................................... 24.202 Passengers.............................................................................24.208 Permits...........................................................................4.101,24.102 Portable fire extinguishers .................................................................24.113 Protection of electrical equipment.......................................................... 24.117 Protection of hose........................................................................24.205 Pumps.................................................................................24.115 Qualified operator........................................................................24.204 Regulations not covered..................................................................24.121 Repairing aircraft........................................................................24.111 a a 397 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE Running9 engines........................................................................24.110 Scope (airportsand heliports).............................................................24.101 Smoking................................................................................24.109 Smoking, open -flame and service equipment ................................................ I 11 liquids 24.209 24.303 Spillage of Class and ............................................................ Transferringfuel.........................................................................24.104 Venting of equipment compartments........................................................ 24.118 AISLES ................. 12.103 (c), 25.107, 25.112, 25.205, 25.304, 79.203 (d), 79.204 (d), 28.104, 81.108 ALTER AND ALTERATION, definition........................................................ 9.103 ALTERNATE MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................... 2.301 AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES, explosives ..................................... Table No. 77.201 AMMUNITION.......................................................................... Article 77 APARTMENT HOUSE, definition............................................................. 9.103 APPLIANCES Chimney and heating appliances, maintenance of............................................11.405 Fireappliances..........................................................................25.111 Heating appliances.......................................................................11.404 Operating heating, lighting and cooking appliances.....................................9.109,79.109 APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES ......................................... 24.105, Article 45 Airport, heliports .........................................................................24.105 APPROVED, definition.....................................................................9.103 AREA, definition ...........................................................................9.103 AREA SEPARATIONS, MAINTENANCE OF..................................................10.401 ASHTRAYS...............................................................................25.110 ASPHALT KETTLES....................................................... 9.103, 11.403, 87.103 (1) ASSEMBLY, definition ......................................................................9.103 ASSEMBLY, PLACES OF (See also PLACES OF ASSEMBLY) ............................... Article 25 ATRIUM FURNISHINGS.................................................................:..11.209 ATTIC, STORAGE IN.......................................................................11.207 AUTHORITY At fires and other emergencies........................................................... 10.101 To exercise police powers............................................................2.105,2.106 AUTOMATIC FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS..............................................10.308 Alarms.................................................................................10.309 AUTOMOBILE UNDERCOATING............................................................45.501 AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS, JUNK OR WASTE MATERIAL HANDLING PLANTS........ Article 34 Accessto area..........................................................................34.107 Burning operations.......................................................................34.104 Permits...........................................................................4.101,34.102 Pickingrooms...........................................................................34.105 Storage................................................................................34.103 Welding and cutting......................................................................34.106 Wrecking yards, junk or waste handling plants (general) ....................................... 34.101 B BALCONIES Corridor and exterior exit..................................................................12.105 Definition................................................................................9.104 BALLOONS, TOY.........................................................................11.401 BARREL, definition........................................................................9.104 BASEMENT PIPE INLETS....................................................10.313, Appendix 111-13 BLASTING AGENTS.................................................................... Article 77 BOARD OF APPEALS......................................................................2.302 398 1985 EDITION INDEX BOILING POINT,deflnnlon..................................................................9.104 BOND For fireworks display......................................................................78.103 Required...............................................................................77.105 BONDING AND GROUNDING Aircraft refueler units .....................................................................24.120 Container filling (flammable and combustible liquids) .......................................... 79.803 Dry-cleaning equipment.................................................................79.1814 During use, dispensing and mixing of Class I, II or 111-A liquids ............................... 79.802 (d) Electrical...............................................................................75.106 Eliminating static accumulation........................................................ 79.806 (c) 3 Loading and unloading facilities.......................................................79.807(a)3 Organic coating manufacturing facilities.....................................................50.112 Powdercoating..........................................................................45.603 Tank car loading rack, static protection..................................................79.807(b) 3 Tank car loading rack, stray current protection ........................................... 79.807 (b) 4 Tankvehicles.................................................................79.1204(d),(1),(m) BOWLING ALLEYS..................................................................... Article 26 Alley resurfacing and refinishing............................................................26.103 Bowling alleys (general) ..................................................................26.101 Permits...........................................................................4.101,26.102 Pinrefinishing...........................................................................26.104 BRIDGE, used as access................................................................10.207(i) BUILDING CODE Definition................................................................................9.104 Tables reprinted from..............................................................Appendix VI-C BUILDING OFFICIAL, definition.............................................................9.104 BUILDINGS Access to high -piled stock.................................................................81.109 Definition................................................................................9.104 Fire safety during construction, alteration and demolition .................................... Article 87 High -piled combustible storage, definition.................................................... 9.110 High rise, existing ...................................................................Appendix)-B Sealingof...............................................................................47.107 Under construction............................................................. 10.312,Article 87 Unsafe..................................................................................2.201 Vacant.................................................................................11.412 BULK PLANT, definition .................................................................... 9.104 BULK PLANTS AND TERMINALS (flammable and combustible liquids).......... Article 79, Division XIV Buildings..............................................................................79.1402 Drainage and waste disposal.............................................................79.1409 Electrical equipment....................................................................79.1407 Fire protection..........................................................................79.1410 Ignition sources........................................................................79.1408 Loading and unloading facilities...........................................................79.1405 Storage...............................................................................79.1404 Ventilation.............................................................................79.1403 Wharves..............................................................................79.1406 BULLET RESISTANT, definition............................................................. 9.104 BURNING OPERATIONS Automobile wrecking yards................................................................34.104 Incinerators and open burning .................................................. Article 11, Division C CANDLES Permits...........................................................................4.101,25.116 Requirements for use.....................................................................25.116 CARGO TANK, definition...................................................................9,105 CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM ............................................ Article 33 Buildings...............................................................................33.103 Permits...........................................................................4.101.33.102 Scope..................................................................................33.101 Storage and handling.....................................................................33.104 399 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (pyroxylin) ............................................. Article 27 Definition................................................................................ 9.105 Display of plastics ........................................................................ 27.103 Fire -protection equipment ................................................................. 27.105 Permits........................................................................... 4.101,27.102 Sourcesof ignition....................................................................... 27.106 Storage anAnandling ..................................................................... 27.104 CHEMICAL AND PROCESSING PLANTS ....................................... Article 79, Division XV CHEMICAL PLANT, definition ............................................................... 9.105 CHIEF, definition ........................................................................... 9.105 CHIMNEYS AND HEATING APPLIANCES, MAINTENANCE OF .................................11.405 CHIMNEY SPARK ARRESTORS ............................................................ 11.111 CLEANING Afterfumigation ................................... ..................................... 47.109 Parts in aircraft hangars ................................................................... 24.106 With flammable liquids in garages .......................................................... 29.103 CLEARANCE Helistop touchdown area .................................................................. 24.302 Of combustibles ......................................................................... 82.111 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS (storage and handling) ........................................... Article 28 Baledstorage ........................................................................... 28.104 Definition................................................................................ 9.105 Dust -collecting system ................................................................... 28.106 Loosestorage ........................................................................... 28.103 Permits........................................................................... 4.101, 28.102 Storage bins, definition .................................................................... 9.105 Storage of agricultural products ............................................................ 28.105 Storage rooms, definition ................................................................... 9.105 Storage vaults, definition ................................................................... 9.105 COMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE MATERIALS ................................. Article 11, Division 11 Accumulation of waste material ............................................................ 11.201 Combustible material beneath structure ..................................................... 11.206 Combustible storage in attic spaces ........................................................11.207 Flammable decorative materials ........................................................... 11.204 Handling readily combustible materials ......................................................11.202 Storage of readily combustible materials .................................................... 11.203 Use of open flame or light restricted ......................................................... 11-205 COMPRESSED GASES (general) ................................................ Article 74, Division I Bulk oxygen systems at consumer sites .....................................................74.106 Cylinder systems for compressed gases .................................................... 74.105 Definition......................................................................... 9.105,74.102 General safety regulations ................................................................ 74.108 Permits........................................................................... 4.101, 74.103 Scope.................................................................................. 74.101 Storage and use of cylinders ....................................................... 49.104, 74.107 Storagecontainers ....................................................................... 74.104 COMPRESSED GASES (medical) ............................................... Article 74, Division 11 Cross connection testing .................................................................. 74.209 Cylinder storage handling and use .........................................................74.203 Definitions .............................................................................. 74202 Fireprotection ........................................................................... 74.212 Nonflammable medical gas system ......................................................... 74.204 Pipedistribution ......................................................................... 74,205 Purging........................................................... ..................... 74.210 Scope.................................................................................. 74,201 Shutoff valves ........................................................................... 74.206 Stationoutlets ........................................................................... 74.207 Testingof piping ......................................................................... 74.208 Warningsystems ........................................................................ 74.211 CONDEMNATION TAG, COMPLIANCE WITH .................................................. 3.103 CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE (flammable and combustible liquids) ......... Article 79 Bulk plants and terminals ................................................................ 79.1404 Dry cleaning plants ..................................................................... 79.1815 Empty containers ..................................................................... 79.201 (c) Fire protection ........................................................................... 79.205 General .................................................................... Article 79, Division 11 400 1985 EDITION INDEX plants........................................................................79.1302 Industrial n liquid storage rooms...................................................................79.203 in liquid storage warehouses..............................................................79.204 Inside liquid storage rooms................................................................79.202 Manner of storage and limitations.......................................................79.201(a) Organic coating manufacturing............................................................50.105 Outside storage............................................................. Article 79, Division IV Semiconductor fabrication facilities....................................................... Article 51 Spray -painting facilities ...................................................................45.208 Storage cabinets......................................................................79.201 (g) CONTAINERS (general) Belowground, definition ....................................................................9.104 Calcium carbide (welding) .................................................................49.108 Closed, definition.........................................................................9.105 Compressed gases......................................................................74.104 Cryogenic fluids.........................................................................75.104 Definition................................................................................9.105 Empty (flammable and combustible liquids) .......................................... 79.410, 79.603 LPC—Iocation...........................................................................82.105 Portable tanks, containers and equipment (flammable and combustible liquids)............ 79.104, 79.201 CONTAINERS (cryogenic fluids) ................................................ Article 75, Division 11 Aboveground.......... :................................................................. 75.301 Approvalof..............................................................................75.104 Container pressure -relief devices...........................................................75.202 Design, construction and testing...........................................................75.201 Insulation...............................................................................75.204 Nameplate..............................................................................75.205 Pressure -relief vent piping.................................................................75.203 Tanks and vessels —cryogenic transportation ................................................75.601 CONVERSION OIL BURNER, definition...................................................... 9.105 CORROSION PROTECTION (flammable and combustible liquids) For tank and piping.......................................................................79.603 Piping, valves and fittings.................................................................79.702 CORROSIVE LIQUIDS, definition............................................................ 9.105 COVERED MALL BUILDINGS............................................................ Article 35 CRUDE PETROLEUM, definition............................................................. 9.105 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS.................................................................... Article 75 Approval of containers, equipment and devices ............................................... 75.104 Container design, construction and testing..................................................75.201 Container pressure -relief devices...........................................................75.202 Containers—Tanks—Vessels..............................................................75.601 Cryogenic in -ground container, definition.....................................................9.105 Cryogenic vessel,definition....................................................... ..... 9.105 Definitions...................................................................... Article 9,75.102 Dispensing areas........................................................................75.108 Drainage or aboveground containers.......................................................75.302 Electrical equipment.....................................................................75.105 Electrical grounding or bonding............................................................75.106 Fire protection...........................................................................75.109 Flammable cryogenic fluids, definition....................................................... 9.108 Installation of aboveground containers...................................................... 75.301 Installation of belowground concrete containers .............................................. 75.304 Installation of cryogenic in -ground containers ................................................ 75.305 Insulation...............................................................................75.204 Loading and unloading area...............................................................75.501 Location of aboveground containers with respect to exposure ................................... 75.303 Location of belowground and in -ground containers with respect to exposure ...................... 75.306 Location of containers with respect to dikes .................................................. 75.307 Nameplate..............................................................................75.205 Permits...........................................................................4.101, 75.103 Piping, materials and construction..........................................................75.401 Pressure -relief vent piping.................................................................75.203 Safety factor, definition .....................................................................9.121 Scope..................................................................................75.101 Systems, definition ........................................................................9.121 Valves and accessory equipment...........................................................75.402 Vehicles................................................................................75.602 Warning labels..........................................................................75.107 CYLINDERS Cylinder systems for compressed gases (general) ............................................74.105 401 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE Cylinder,storage, handling and use (medical gases) ..........................................74.203 Manifolding...................................................................... .49.103 Storage and use..................................................................49.104,74.107 0 DECORATIVE MATERIALS, FLAMMABLE ................................................... 11.204 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................ Part II, Article 9 DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS............................................................ Article 87 DIP TANKS................................................................... Article 45, Division III Coatingoperations.......................................................................45.310 Construction of..........................................................................45.303 Diptank covers ..........................................................................45.308 Electrical or other sources of ignition........................................................45.305 Fire -extinguishing equipment..............................................................45.307 Hardening and tempering tanks............................................................45.309 Location of operations....................................................................45.301 Operations and maintenance..............................................................45.306 Storage and handling of flammable liquids...................................................45.304 Ventilation..............................................................................45.302 DISPENSING Areas(for cryogens)............ .....................................................75.108 Hose and nozzle —aircraft service station ... ... ... ................... 24.116 ............. In inside use, dispensing and mixing room (flammable and combustible liquids) ................... In liquid storage rooms (flammable and combustible liquids) ................................... 79.802 79.203 n service station ..................................................... .. 79.903 Of flammable liquids ......................................... 24.103, 79.109, 79.202, 79.408, 79.806 Outside (flammable and combustible liquids) .......... . . 79.806 Use, dispensing and mixing (flammable and combustible liquids) ................. Article 79, Division Vlll DISTILLERIES (See also REFINERIES AND DISTILLERIES) ..................... Article 79, Division XVI DOORS (See EXIT WAYS, MAINTENANCE OF) DRAINAGE AND WASTE DISPOSAL, service station ......................................... 79.907 DRY-CLEANING PLANTS (with flammable and combustible liquids)............ Article 79, Division XVIII Bonding and grounding..................................................................79.1814 Definitions............................................................................. 9.106 Electrical equipment....................................................................79.1808 Fireprotection..........................................................................79.1816 Heating equipment......................................................................79.1806 Machines..................................................................... ...79.1811 Permits..........................................................................4.101,79.1803 Scouring, brushing and spotting..........................................................79.1815 Smoking prohibited.....................................................................79.1817 Stills..................................................................................79.1812 Systems classification...................................................................79.1802 Tumblers, dryers and cabinets............................................................79.1813 DRY-CLEANING PLANTS (with noncombustible liquids) ................................... Article 36 DUST, definition ...........................................................................9.106 DUST EXPLOSIONS, PREVENTION OF ................................................... Article 76 Definitions...............................................................................9.106 General requirements............................................................. ...76.103 Permits...........................................................................4.101,76.102 DWELLING, definition ......................................................................9.106 E ELECTRICAL...........................................................................Article 85 Abatement of electrical hazard.............................................................85.104 Access.................................................................................85.108 Definitions..............................................................................85.102 Electrical motors .........................................................................85.105 Extension cords.........................................................................85.106 Multiplugadapters .......................................................................85.107 Nonapproved appliances..................................................................85.109 Use of temporary wiring...................................................................85.103 402 1985 EDITION INDEX ELECTRICAL CODE, definition.............................................................. 9.107 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Bulk plants (flammable and combustible liquids) ............................................. 79.1407 Connection with oil-bumin equipment...................................................... Flammable and cryogenic iguids.................................................. 61.104 75.105, 79.1808 Fruit -ripening processes..................................................................46.104 Industrial plants........................................................................79.1309 Servicestations.........................................................................79.905 Spraying operations (flammable finishes) .................................................... 45.105 Within 25 feet of loading rack (flammable and combustible liquids) .............................. 79.807 ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS (spray finishing) ................................ Article 45, Division IV Controls................................................................................45.402 Equipment type and location..............................................................45.401 Guards and signs........................................................................45.403 Maintenance............................................................................45.404 Ventilation..............................................................................45.405 EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING FOR FIRE EXPOSURE FOR ABOVEGROUND TANKS .................................................. 79.510 (b), Appendix VI -A ENCLOSURE, EXIT.......................................................................12.109 ENTRY, RIGHT OF..........................................................................2.167 EXECUTIVE BODY, definition............................................................... 9.107 EXIT WAYS, MAINTENANCE OF .......................................................... Article 12 Corridor and exterior exit balconies.........................................................12.105 Definitions......................................................................Article 9,12.102 Dispersal areas...............................................................9.106,25.205(b)2 Doors...........................................................................12.104,25.106 Exit courts........................................................................9.107,12.111 Exit, definition ............................................................................9.107 Exit enclosures..........................................................................12.109 Exit obstruction......................................................... 12.103,32.113,35.103(h) Exit passageways..................................................................9.107,12.112 Exit ways and aisles, plan of...............................................................25.112 Horizontal exit.....................................................................9.112,12.108 Ramps.................................................................................12.107 Required width in tents...................................................................32.112 Scope..................................................................................12.101 Signs and illumination ............................................... 12.113,12.114,25.113,32.115 Smokeproof enclosures.................................................................:.12.110 Stairways...............................................................................12.106 Useof..................................................................................25.109 EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS .................................................. Article 77 Atterminals.............................................................................77.303 Blasting agents (general) .................................................................77.304 Bondrequired...........................................................................77.105 Class magazines.......................................................................77.203 Class11 magazines.......................................................................77.204 Definitions............................................................................. Article 9 Disposal of waste explosives and fireworks..................................................77.410 Emergency procedure ....................................................................77.404 Exceptions..............................................................................77.102 Explosive operations.....................................................................77.408 General requirements....................................................................77.106 Gunpowder.............................................................................77.202 Intraline distanoe........................................................................77.405 Intraline separation of operating buildings ................................................... 77.406 Location of explosive detonations for testing ................................................. 77.409 Manufacturing, assembling and testing......................................................77.401 Mixing blasting a9ents....................................................................77.305 Operation —buildings and equipment ....................................................... 77.407 Permits required...................................................................4.101,77.104 Plansof plant............................................................................77.402 Scope..................................................................................77.101 Seizure of explosives and blasting agents ................................................... 77.307 Storage of explosives.....................................................................77.201 Training................................................................................77.403 Transportation of blasting agents...........................................................77.306 Transportation ofexplosrves...............................................................77.302 Use and handling of explosives............................................................77.301 EXTENSION CORDS......................................................................85.106 403 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE F FABRICATION AREAS (semiconductor facilities) .......................................... Article 51 FALSE ALARMS..........................................................................11.302 FEDERAL AVIATION APPROVAL........................................................... 24.305 FENCE—Refineries......................................................................79.1607 FILM, CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE Buildings...............................................................................33.103 Handling.................................................................:............33.104 Storageoffilm...........................................................................33.104 FIRE Appliance, definition .......................................................................9.108 Assembly, definition .......................................................................9.108 Barrier, definition..........................................................................9.108 Chief, definition ...........................................................................9.105 Door, definition...........................................................................9.108 Nuisance, definition.......................................................................9.108 Separation, definition ......................................................................9.108 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS Automatic, definition .......................................................................9.103 General requirements.............................................................. Appendix lll-C In apartments and hotels..................................................................10.306 In organic coating manufacturing facilities ................................................... 50.113 FIRE APPLIANCE Assembly buildings, maintenance of........................................................25.111 Definition................................................................................9.108 Tamperingwith..........................................................................10.202 Where required..........................................................................10.301 FIRE ASSEMBLY FOR PROTECTION OF OPENINGS, MAINTENANCE OF ......................10.402 FIRE BARRIER Definition................................................................................9.108 Tamperingwith..........................................................................10.204 FIRE DEPARTMENT, INTERFERENCE WITH ................................................. 10.102 FIRE DOORS, IDENTIFICATION ..........................................................10.402(c) FIRE EOUIPMENT, TAMPERING WITH ...................................................... 10.201 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Airports and heliports.....................................................................24.113 Buildings under construction..............................................................87.103 Defective —sale of defective extinguishers................................................... 10.304 Dip tank vicinity..........................................................................45.307 In lumberyards ......... :............................................................. 30.104 (b) In tents or air -supported structures......................................................... 32.109 Sale of defective.........................................................................10.304 Standardsfor............................................................................10.301 Vaporizing liquid (types prohibited)......................................................... 10.303 Where required..........................................................................10.301 FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS (general) Approval.............................................................................10.308 (b) General................................................................................10.307 Maintenance............................................................................10.302 Restaurant hoods........................................................................10.314 Standards for installation..................................................................10.307 Test procedures for................................................................Appendix111-A FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS (where required) Alternate for access,roadways..........................................................10.207(d) Basements in existing buildings....................................................... Appendix I -A Combustible fiber storage vaults ............................................. ... .... 28.103 Corridor protection in existing buildings ....................................... Appendices I -A and I-B Dip tanks (flammable finishing) .....:::......... 45.307 Flammable and combustible liquid facilities.. 79.202, 79.203, 79.201 (e), 79.204 (b), 79.301, 79.511, 79.804 General requirements for all occupancies.................................................... 10.308 High -piled combustible storage............................................................81.106 High rise buildings (existing) .............................. I .......................... Appendix I-B Magnesium storage......................................................................48.109 Organic peroxide coating.................................................................45.702 404 1985 EDITION INDEX Restauranthoods ........................................................................10.314 Semiconductor fabrication facilities ............................................ 51.106(c),51.107(c Special hazards......................................................................10.301(b Spraybooths............................................................................45.209 FIRE HAZARDS Building or vehicle, use stopped.............................................................2.204 Definition................................................................................9.108 Inlumber yards..........................................................................30.103 Prohibited..............................................................................11.116 Unlawful continuance of....................................................................3.101 FIRE HYDRANT OR FIRE APPLIANCE, TAMPERING WITH .................................... 10.202 FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU................................................................2.103 FIRE PROTECTION (See also FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS) ............................ Article 10 Authority at fires and other emergencies.....................................................10.101 Authority to barricade............................................................... .....10.103 Basement pipe inlets........................................................10.313, Appendix III-B Buildings under construction..............................................................10.312 Cellulose nitrate plastic facilities............................................................ 27.105 Closure of roads or trails..................................................................10.205 Fire -extinguishing systems, installation requirements..........................................10.307 Fire -protection equipment —spray booths or spray rooms ...................................... 45.208 For restaurant hood and duct ventilation systems ............................................. 10.314 Hydrantuse approval.....................................................................10.203 Installation of fire -protection system........................................................10.301 Interference with fire department...........................................................10.102 Maintenance, fire -protection systems and appliances.........................................10.302 Obstruction offire-Protection equipment..................................................... 10.206 Operations at fires or other emergencies ......................................... Article 10, Division I Premises identification....................................................................10.208 Recreational vehicle and mobile home parks ................................................. 10.305 Sale of defective fire extinguishers.......................................................... 10.304 Systems (general)........................................................... Article 10, Division III Tampering with barricades, etc .............................................................10.204 Tampering with fire equipment.............................................................10.201 Tampering with fire hydrant or fire appliance.................................................10.202 Vaporizing liquid extinguishers.............................................................10.303 Wet standpipes.......................................................................10.311 (d) FIRE -PROTECTION EQUIPMENT, OBSTRUCTION OF ........................................ 10.206 FIRE REPORTING AND FALSE ALARMS ........................................ Article 11, Division III Falsealarms............................................................................11.302 Reporting of fires...................................................................11.301 FIRE RESISTIVE Construction, definition....................................................................9.108 Construction, maintenance of..............................................................10.401 Rating, definition ..........................................................................9.108 Standards (tents and air -supported structures) ............................................... 32.107 FIRE ROADS, CLOSURE OF............................................................... 10.205 FIRE -PROTECTION SYSTEM, INSTALLATION OF............................................10.301 FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION OR DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING .... Article 87 Alterations of buildings....................................................................87.104 APproval..............................................................................87.102 Firesafe duringconstruction.............................................................87.103 Fire safety durindemolition...............................................................87.105 FIREWORKS.......................................................................... Article 78 Bond for fireworks display required.........................................................78.103 Definition................................................................................9.108 Disposal of unfired fireworks...............................................................78.104 Exceptions..............................................................................78.105 Permits for manufacture, sale and discharge.................................................78.102 Seizure of fireworks......................................................................78.106 FLAME -PRODUCING DEVICES OR TORCHES, USE OF.......................................11.408 FLAME RETARDANT, definition ............................................................. 9.108 FLAMMABLE ANESTHETIC, definition....................................................... 9.108 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS .............................................. Article 79 Abandonment and status of tanks..........................................................79.114 405 UNIFORM FIRE CODE INDEX Boilover, definition ............................................ ............................ 9.1 " Boiling point, definition. ''' 'a 9.104 Bonding and gro u nd I ng ii� r* Class i I* n*d' C 1'a'ss' III systems m"s, (dry cleaning) i'n'g')' Buildings(bulk plants) 79.1815,, 79.1402 ................................................................... Bulk plants and terminals . .............................................................. 79.1401 Chemical and processing plants .......................................................... 79.1501 C emical plant, definition .................................................................. 9.105 C ass I systems (dry-cleaning plants) ......................................................79.1802 Class 11 systems (dry-cleaning plants) ..................................................... 79.1802 Class III systems (dry-cleaning plants) ..................................................... 79.1802 Class IV systems (dry-cleaning plants) ..................................................... 79.1802 Classification dry-cleaning plants) ........................................................ Cleaning with (dry-cleaning ............................................................ 79.1802 79.111 Combustible liquid, definition ............................................................... 9.105 Container and portable tank storage inside buildings ..........................................79.201 Container and portable tank storage outside buildings ......................................... 79.401 Container -filling facilities ................................................................. 79.803 Corrosion protection ...................................................................... 79.603 Definitions ...................................................................... 79.102, Article 9 Design and construction of inside use, dispensing and mixing rooms ............................ 79.804 Design and construction of tanks ................................... 79.105, 79.301 (c), 79.502, 79.602 Dispensing, definition...................................................................... 9.106 Dispensing equipment...................................................... 79.802 (b) Dispensing hose and nozzle (airports) ......................................................24.116 Dispensing in inside use, dispensing and mixing rooms ........................................ 79.802 Dispensing outside of buildings ............................................................ 79.806 Dispensing services ...................................................................... 79.903 Drainage and waste disposal...................................................... Drainage dikes and walr.ofsar aboveground tanks ..............................................79.508 79.907, 79.1409 Dry-cleaning plants ..................................................................... 79.1801 Drying tumblers and cabinets (dry-cleaning plants) .......................................... 79.1813 Electrical equipment ............................................. 79.905, 79.1309, 79.1407, 79.1809 Empty containers ..................................................................... 79.201 (c) Extractors (dry-cleaning plants) ........................................................... 79.1813 Farms and construction projects ................................................... .... 79.1001 Fence.......................................................................... 79'406, 79.1607 Fire protection ........ 79.114,79.205, 79.303, 79,410, 79.511, 79.805, 79.908, 79.911, 79.1112, 79.1207, 79.1410, 79.303, 79.1517, 79.1610, 79.1816 Flammable liquid, definition ................................................................ 9.108 Floating I tank defined .............................................................. 79.503 (b) Foundations and supports ......................................................... 79.506, 79.7D4 Full trailers and semitrailers .............................................................. 79.1203 Heating equipment ........................................... ................... 79.906, 79.1808 Housekeeping......................................................................... 79.1311 Industrial plants ........................................................................ 79.1301 Inside liquid storage room ................................................................. 79.202 Inside of buildings (stationary tanks) ........................................................79.301 Inside use, dispensing and mixing room .....................................................79.804 Liquid storage room, inside defined ......................................................... 79.102 Liquid storage rooms .............................................................. 79.102, 79.203 Liquid warehouses .... 79.204 Loading and unloading 9'.'1'4'0' 5'.' 79.1511 Manner of storage ............................................. 79.201 (f), 79.202 (c), 79.203, 79.204 Marine service stations ............................................................. 9.115, 79.910 Marking of tanks and containers (farms and construction projects) ............................. fittings 79.1004 79.701 Materials and design piping, valves and ............................................... Mixing, definition ......................................................................... 79.102 Operating heating, lighting and cooking appliances ........................................... 79.109 Operation of tank vehicles ................................................................ 79.1204 Outside dispensing ...................................................................... 79.806 Outsidestorage ......................................................................... 79.401 Parking and garaging .................................................................... 79.1206 Permits required ......................................... 4.101, 79.1002, 79.1102, 79.1201, 79.1803 Pipejoints.............................................................................. 79.706 Piping IP valves and fittings ................................................................. 79.701 79.401 Portable t ad ............................................................ storage(outside) Portable tanks, containers1 equipment ................................................... 79.104 Pressure delivery service stations .......................................................... 79.9D4 Pressure vessels ...... ................................................................ 79.1605 : Protection against corrosion ............................................................... 79.603 Quantities sawed within specified buildings .............................................. 79.201 (e) Reactive materials .................................................................... 79.201 (b) Refineries and distilleries ................................................................ 79.1601 Scouring, brushing and spotting (dry cleaning) ..............................................79.1815 Service stations ......................................................................... 79.901 Service stations located inside buildings ..................................................... 79.909 Signs................................................................................. 79.1110 406 1985 EDITION INDEX Smoking.......................................................79.908,79.1008.79.1105,79.1817 Soundproofing material........................................................... .. .79.1108 Sources of Ignition.............................................................. 79.1305,79.1408 Spacing between adlacenttanks...........................................................79.505 Stairs, platforms and walkways.............................................................79.507 Static protection......................................................... 79.807 (a) 3, 79.807 (b) 3 Stationary tank storage, aboveground outside of buildings ..................................... 79.501 Stationary tank storage, inside buildings....................................................79.301 Stills and condensers (dry cleaning).......................................................79.1812 Storage and use, service stations and dry cleaning ................................... 79.902, 79.1809 Storage cabinets......................................................................79.201(g) Storage in inside liqquid rooms..............................................................79.202 Storage (manner ot) ..................... 79.201, 79.203 (d), 79.204 (c), 79.403, 79.404, 79.601, 79.902, 79.1303, 79.1404, 79.1507, 79.1603 Storage of flammable and combustible liquids on farms and construction projects ................ 79.1001 Support of tanks in buildings ........................................................ .79.301 Supports, foundations and anchorage ............................................... 79.506,79.704 Swingjoints.............................................................................79.705 Tank connections for aboveoround tanks ....................................................79.510 Tank connections for tanks in buildings......................................................79.302 Tank connections for underground, outside or under buildings..................................79.604 Tank, emergency relief venting ......................................................Appendix VI -A Tankmarking........................................................................... 79.504 Tank storage underground, outside or under buildings.........................................79.601 Tankvalves.............................................................................79.5D9 Tank vehicle loading racks.............................................................. 79.807 Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids ......................................... 79.1201 Testing................................................................ 79.301(a),79.605,79.708 Transfer in process areas, organic coatings .................................................. 50.109 Transportation pipelines.................................................................79.1701 Underground: outside or under buildings....................................................79.211 Unlawful sale of flammable liquids..........................................................79.110 Unloading operations.....................................................................79.808 Use, dispensing and mixing...............................................................79.801 Use of flammable or combustible liquids ..................................................... 79.801 Valves..................................................................................79.304 Vaporrecovery ..........................................................................79.912 Ventilation..............................................................................79.604 Warning labels for containers of flammable liquids ............................................ 79.107 Warningsiggns..........................................................................79.108 Waste combusbblas......................................................................79.909 Waste petroleum products and flammable or combustible liquids ................................ 79.112 Well -drilling operations....................................................... Article 79, Division XI Wharves (bulk plants and terminals).......................................................79.1406 FLAMMABLE FINISHES, APPLICATION OF ............................................... Article 45 Airport, heliports.........................................................................24.105 Coaling operations.......................................................................45.310 Construction of dip tanks..................................................................45.303 Controls................................................................................45.402 Definitions............................................................................. Article 9 Diptanks, location of.....................................................................45.301 Diptank covers..........................................................................45.308 Dry powder application, powder coating.....................................................45.601 Dry -type overspray collectors..............................................................45.204 Drying apparatus........................................................................45.210 Drying, curing orfusion equipment.........................................................45.605 Electric wiring and equipment ................................................ . 45.105 Eledricaland other sources of ignition ........................................ 45.205,45.305,45.603 Electrostatic apparatus...................................................................45.401 Electrostatic fluidized beds................................................................45.608 Equipment (type and location).............................................................45.401 Fire -extinguishing equipment..............................................................45.307 Fire -protection equipment.................................................................45.208 Fixed electrostatic spraying equipment...................................................... 45.607 Guardsand signs........................................................................45.403 Handling (organic peroxides)..............................................................45.704 Hardening and tempering tanks............................................................45.309 Location and construction of powder coating rooms and booths ................................. 45.602 Location of dip tank operations.............................................................45.301 Location of spray -finishing operations.......................................................45.202 Maintenance............................................................................45.404 Mixing (organic peroxides)................................................................45.705 Operations included, automotive undercoating ............................................... 45.501 Operations and maintenance ................................................ 45.209,45.306,45.606 Organic peroxides and dual component coatings (general) ..................................... 45.701 Permits...........................................................................4.101,45.102 407 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE Personnel qualifications (organic peroxides) ................................................. 45.707 Scope..................................................................................45.101 Smoking prohibited............................................................... 45.103,45.706 Spotpainting ............................................................................45.202 Sprayarea........................................................................9.121,45.201 Spray booths......................................................................9.121,45.203 Spray areas, limited......................................................................45.207 Sprayingrooms...........................................................................9.121 Storage (orperoxides)............ ... ... .............................. Storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids .............................. .45.703 45.207, 45.304 Touch-up painting.....................................................................45.202 (b) Use of organic peroxide coatings...........................................................45.702 Ventilation.......................................................................45.405,45.604 Ventilation of spray booths and spray -finishing areas .......................................... 45.206 Ventilation of vapor areas.................................................................45.302 Welding warning signs....................................................................45.104 FLAMMABLE SOLID, definition............................................................. 9.108 FLASH POINT, definition ....................................................................9.108 FLOATS, PARADE.........................................................................11.208 FLOOR AREA, definition ...................................................................9.108 FRUIT -RIPENING PROCESSES.......................................................... Article 46 Electrical equipment.....................................................................46.104 Heating.................................................................................46.105 Housekeeping...........................................................................46.107 Openflames............................................................................46.106 Permits ........ ................................................................... 4.101,46.102 Scope..................................................................................46.101 Use of ethylene..........................................................................46.103 FUEL BREAK, definition ....................................................................9.108 FUEL OIL Definition................................................................................9.108 Grade..................................................................................61.105 FUELING AND DEFUELING, airports and heliports ........................................... 24.203 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING .................................... Article 47 Breathing apparatus required..............................................................47.105 Flammable fumigants restricted............................................................47.112 Fumigant, definition.......................................................................9.108 Notification of fumigation..................................................................47.104 Permits...........................................................................4.101,47.102 Soope..................................................................................47.101 Sealing of building.......................................................................47.107 Source of ignition ......... ....................................................... .47.103 Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids...................................................9.122,47.110 Ventingand cleanup.....................................................................47.109 Warehouse fumigations...................................................................47.111 Warningsigns...........................................................................47.108 Watchman required during fumigation.......................................................47.106 F GARAGES.............................................................................Article 29 Cleaning with flammable liquids............................................................29.103 Definition................................................................................9.109 Garages(ggeneral).......................................................................29.101 Handling of gasoline and oils..............................................................29.104 Permits...........................................................................4.101,29.102 Vapor ignition devices....................................................................29.105 GASES, COMPRESSED (See also COMPRESSED GASES) ................................... 74.101 GAS METERS AND PIPING, PROTECTION OF...............................................11.413 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE ................................................ Article 11 GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS ............................................. Article 25, Division II GROUND (See BONDING AND GROUNDING) GUEST, definition..........................................................................9.109 408 1985 EDITION INDEX HANDLING, LOADING AND UNLOADING (cryogenic fluids) ....................... Article 75, Division V Loading and unloading area...............................................................75.501 Sources of ignition.......................................................................75.502 HAZARDOUS FIRE AREAS Controlof.........................................................................Appendix11-A Definition................................................................................9.110 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS............................................................... Article 80 Designation of cargo.....................................................................80.110 General requirements....................................................................80.103 Highly toxic materials .............. ....................................................80.107 Identification of aboveground tanks and vessels .............................................. 80.111 Oxidizing materials.......................................................................80.104 Permits...........................................................................4.101,B0.102 Poisonous gases........................................................................B0.108 Potentially explosive chemicals............................................................80.106 Radioactive materials.....................................................................B0.105 Reactive and unstable....................................................................80.106 Scope..................................................................................80.101 Storage cabinets for hazardous materials...................................................80.109 HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIALS (semiconductor facilities) ........................ Article 51 HEATING EQUIPMENT And cooking (in tents and air -supported structures) ........................................... 32.118 ...............................................................................11.404 Mpliance clncal...............................................................................79.906 Heating and cooking appliance, definition....................................................9.110 In Class 11 or III systems .................................................................79.1807 Portable unvented oil -burning ..............................................................61.106 HELIPORTS............................................................................ Article 24 HELISTOPS.................................................................. Article 24, Division III Clearance..............................................................................24.302 Exitwayys...............................................................................24.304 FederalAviation approval.................................................................24.305 Flammable liquid spillage.................................................................24.303 General................................................................................24.301 HIGH -PILED COMBUSTIBLE STOCK ..................................................... Article 81 Access to buildings......................................................................81.109 Aisles..................................................................................81.108 Automatic fire -extinguishing systems.......................................................61.106 Classification of contents..................................................................81.104 Definitions......................................................................81.102, Article 9 Fireprotection...........................................................................81.105 High -piled combustible storage, definition.................................................... 9.110 Perm! ........................................................................... 4.101,81.103 Small hose connections..................................................................81.110 Smoke venting and removal...............................................................81.107 HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS, EXISTING .................................................... Appendix I-B HOOD AND DUCT VENTILATION SYSTEMS, FIRE -EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT FOR PROTECTION OF.....................................................................10.314 HOTEL, definition ..........................................................................9.110 HYDRANT USE APPROVAL................................................................10.203 HYDRANTS, FIRE OR FIRE APPLIANCE, TAMPERING WITH..................................10.202 IGNITION, SOURCES OF ..................................... I 27.106, 29.105, 45.205, 45.305, 45.603, 47.103, 79.113, 79.1305, 79.1401, 79.1513 ILLUMINATION, EXIT......................................................................12.113 INCINERATORS Clearance to combustibles................................................................11.109 Definition................................................................................9.111 Intrailer camps..........................................................................11.107 Location................................................................................11.106 409 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE Types and construction of.................................................................11.105 Use restricted...........................................................................11.110 INDUSTRIAL PLANTS (flammable and combustible liquids) .................... Article 79, Division XIII Drainage..............................................................................79.1307 Electrical..............................................................................79.1309 Fire protection..........................................................................79.1312 Housekeeping.........................................................................79.1311 Inck! ntalstorage and use...............................................................79.1303 Manner ofstoraga...................................................................79.1303(b) Repairs to equipment....................................................................79.1310 Souroes ofignit n......................................................................79.1305 Use of flammable or combustible liquids ................................................. 79.1303 (c) Ventilation.............................................................................79.1304 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE -PROTECTION, KEYBOX.................................................................................10.209 INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Inspection of liquefied petroleum gas installations ............................................ 82.103 Of aboveground containers, cryogenic ......................................................75.301 01 belowground containers, cryogenic...................................................... 75.304 01cryogenic in -ground containers..........................................................75.305 Of equipment(LPG)......................................................................82.104 Of fire -protection systems and appliances .................... :.............................. 10.301 Of fixed fire -protection systems............................................................10.307 Of mechanical refrigeration................................................................63.104 Of motion picture projection machine.......................................................84.104 Reports and permits of LPG Installations....................................................82.102 Requirements for fire -extinguishing systems ................................................. 10.308 INSULATION (cryogenic)..................................................................75.204 INTERFERENCE WITH FIRE DEPARTMENT.................................................10.102 INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH........................................................... AppendixlV-A J JURISDICTION, definition ..................................................................9.112 K KEYBOX.................................................................................10.209 KITCHEN GREASE HOODS................................................................ 10.314 L LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS ............................. Appendix I -A LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS AND APPLIANCES .................................... Article 10, Division III LIGHTNING, PROTECTION AGAINST (organic coatings) ..................................... 50.112 LIMITED SPRAYING AREAS............................................................... 45.207 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES ........................................................ Article 82 Abandonment of liquefied petroleum gas equipment .......................................... 82.112 Clearance of combustibles................................................................82.111 Definition.................................................................................9.114 Dispensing and overfilling ............................................ .................82.108 Inspection of installations.................................................................82.103 Installation of equipment..................................................................82.104 Location of containers ....................................................................82.105 Parking and garaging.....................................................................82.106 Permits and reports of installations.........................................................82.102 Prohibited use of liquefied petroleum gas .................................................... 82.107 Safetydevices...........................................................................82.109 Scope..................................................................................82.101 Smoking and open -flame devices..........................................................82.110 LIQUID OXYGEN Bulkoxygen systems.....................................................................74.106 Cryogenic fluids....................................................................... Article 75 Welding and cutting......................................................................49.105 410 1985 EDITION INDEX LOADING AND UNLOADING Aircraft refusler units ......................................................................24.207 Cryogenic fluids.........................................................................75.501 LODGING HOUSE, definition................................................................ 9.114 LPG -CONTAINER PROTECTION............................................................ 82.113 LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING PLANTS .......................................... Article 30 Fire -extinguishing appliances in open yards and buildings ..................................... 30.104 Open yard storage :....; ..... 30.102 Operational fire hazards in lumber yards ......... ......... ......... ......... .... ...30.103 Permits...........................................................................4.101,30.101 Woodworking plants......................................................................30.105 M MAGAZINES Class.................................................................................77.203 Class11.................................................................................77.204 Definition................................................................................9.115 MAGNESIUM...........................................................................Article 48 Definition................................................................................9.115 Fire -extinguishing materials...............................................................48.108 Handling of magnesium (fine magnesium scrap) ............................................. 48.110 Heat -treating ovens......................................................................48.106 Magnesium processing Operations.........................................................48.107 Meltingpots.............................................................................48.104 Permits...........................................................................4.101,48.102 Scope..................................................................................48.101 Storage of magnesium............................................................48.105,48.109 Storage of pigs, ingots and billets...........................................................48.103 MARINAS.......................................................................... Appendix11-C Marine service stations....................................................................79.910 Open -flame devices......................................................................11.410 MATCHES..............................................................................Article 83 Match bins required......................................................................83.104 Permits...........................................................................4.101,83.101 Storage by retailers......................................................................83.105 Storage not to be near vertical openings.....................................................83.103 Wholesale storage.......................................................................83.102 MATERIALS Decorative........................................................................9.106,25.103 Flammable, definition ......................................................................9.108 Flammable, decorative...................................................................11.204 Hazardous (general) ................................................................... Article 80 Highly toxic, definition.....................................................................9.110 Oxidizing, definition...................................................................... 9.117 Pyroxylin -coated fabric...................................................................25.103 Radioactive, definition.....................................................................9.120 Raw materials in process areas (organic coatings) ............................................ 50.110 11.202 Readily combustible..................................................................... Soundproofing well -drilling operations.....................................................79.1108 MECHANICAL CODE, definition............................................................. 9.115 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION......................................................... Article 63 METRIC CONVERSION TABLE ...................................................... Appendix VI-D MODEL CITATION PROGRAM....................................................... Appendix VI-B MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION......................................................... Article 84 Equipment..............................................................................84.104 Film use and storage.....................................................................84.105 Projection room..........................................................................84.102 Scope..................................................................................84.101 Smoking................................................................................84.103 N NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS OF GOOD PRACTICE (See also RECOGNIZED STANDARDS)......................................................... Appendix V-A 411 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE NONFLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS (See also COMPRESSED GASES, MEDICAL) ................. 9.116 NONCOMBUSTIBLE, definition............................................................. 9.116 0 OCCUPANCY, definition.................................................................... 9.117 OCCUPANCY AND AREA SEPARATIONS, MAINTENANCE OF ................................ 10.401 OCCUPANTLOAD Definition................................................................................9.117 Maximum...............................................................................25.114 014BURNING EQUIPMENT.............................................................. Article 61 Definition................................................................................9.117 Design, construction and installation........................................................61.103 Electrical wiring and equipment............................................................61.104 Fueloil.................................................................................61.105 Scope..................................................................................61.101 Use of approved equipment...............................................................61.102 OMISSION OF SPRINKLERS............................................................... 10.310 OPEN BURNING............................................................... Article 11, Division I Hours of burning.........................................................................11.112 On public property.......................................................................11.113 OPEN FLAME Assembly occupancies...................................................................25.116 Devices in marinas.......................................................................11.410 Flammable and combustible liquids .................................................. See Article 79 Garages................................................................................29.105 Inhangars..............................................................................24.108 In ripening rooms........................................................................46.106 Near LP -gas containers...................................................................82.110 Tents...................................................................................32.108 Use restriction...........................................................................11.205 Where fuel is being transferred.............................................................24.209 Warning lights...........................................................................11.409 With permit ........................................ :............................. 25.115,25.117 ORDERS AND NOTICES, COMPLIANCE WITH .............................................. Article 3 ORGANIC COATINGS, MANUFACTURE OF ................................................ Article 50 Definition................................................................................9.117 Drainage facilities........................................................................50.106 Electrical equipment.....................................................................50.111 Fire alarm system, required ................................................................50.113 Fireprotection...........................................................................50.113 Maintenance............................................................................50.114 Permits...........................................................................4.101.50.103 Process buildings........................................................................50.104 Process mills, mixers and kettles...........................................................50.107 Processpiping..........................................................................50.108 Protection against static electricity and lightning .............................................. 50.112 Raw materials in process areas............................................................50.110 Scope.. . 50.101 Stora a oraw materials an.d finished p.roduct.s ..... 50.105 Transfer of flammable and combustible liquids in process areas ................................. 50.109 ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUAL COMPONENT COATINGS .................... Article 45, Division VI General................................................................................45.701 Handling...............................................................................45.704 Mixing........'..........................................................................45.705 Personnel qualifications...................................................................45.707 Smoking................................................................................45.706 Storage................................................................................45.703 Use of organic peroxide coatings...........................................................45.702 OVENS (heat treating —magnesium) ........................................................ 48.106 OVENS, INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING .............................................. Article 62 Location and construction.................................................................62.103 Permits and plans required..........................................................4.101,62.102 Safety controls..........................................................................62.105 Scope..................................................................................62.101 Ventilation..............................................................................62.104 412 1985 EDITION INDEX OXYGEN SYSTEMS, BULK Definition................................................................................9.104 Installed at industrial and institutional consumer sites ......................................... 74.106 P PAINT REMOVAL..........................................................................11.408 PANIC HARDWARE, definition..............................................................9.118 PARADE FLOATS.........................................................................11.208 PARKING AND GARAGING, tank vehicles .................................................. 79.1206 PERMITS..................................................................................4.101 PERSON, definition ........................................................................9.118 PESTICIDES (See also FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING .............. Article 86 Display.................................................................................86.106 Emergency management.................................................................86.105 Fire protection...........................................................................86.104 General requirements....................................................................86.102 Pesticides stored as compressed gases ..................................................... 86.108 Scope..................................................................................86.101 Signs..................................................................................86.103 Storage areas...........................................................................86.107 PICKING ROOMS (wrecking yards).........................................................34.105 PIPE JOINT COMPOUND..................................................................79.306 Pipe joint sweating using open flame........................................................11.408 PIPING, PROCESS AND ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT ................................... 50.108, 75.401 PIPING, PROCESS AND ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT AT MANUFACTURING FACILITIES AND CONSUMER SITES (cryogenic fluids) .......................... Article 75, Division IV Piping, materials and construction..........................................................75.401 Valves and accessory equipment...........................................................75.402 PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS (flammable combustible liquids) ................ Article 79, Division VII Bends..................................................................................79.707 Materials and design.....................................................................79.701 Low melt point materials...............................................................79.701 (b) Pipejoints..............................................................................79.706 Protection against corrosion and galvanic action .............................................. 79.702 Supports...............................................................................79.704 Swingjoints.............................................................................79.705 Testing.................................................................................79.708 Valves..................................................................................79.703 PLASTICS Display of (cellulose nitrate)...............................................................27.103 Pyroxylin -coated fabric in assembly occupancies ............................................. 25.104 PLACES OF ASSEMBLY................................................................. Article 25 Aisles.............................................................. 25.107,25.205(a),25.304(a) Ashtrays................................................................................25.110 Attendant...............................................................................25.102 Candles, use of...................................................................25.115,25.116 Decorative material......................................................................25.103 Detailed requirements for use of candles ................................................. 25.118 Dispersal area exits............................................................9.106,25.205(b) 2 Exitdoors...............................................................................25.106 Exit ways, use of.........................................................................25.109 Fireappliances..........................................................................25.111 Footboards.........................................................................25.205(a)9 Marking and lighting of exits ...............................................................25.113 Motion picture screens....................................................................25.105 Openflame......................................................................25.115,25A 16 Overcrowding....................................................................25.114,32.116 Permits...........................................................................4.101,25.101 Plan of exit ways anc aisles................................................................25.112 Pyroxylincoatedfabrics............................................... .. .25.104 Review stands, grandstands and bleachers ............................... Article 25, Division II; 25.204 Seatspacing..:.........................................................................25.108 Securing of chairs.............................................................. 25.108(c),25.401 413 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE Spacing requirements.......................................................... 25.108, 25.205 (a) Standbypersonnel.......................................................................25.117 PLUMBING CODE, definition ................................................................9.118 POISONOUS GAS, definition ................................................................ 9.118 PORTABLE TANK, definition................................................................ 9.118 POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE CHEMICALS, definition ........................................... 9.118 POWDER COATING........................................................... Article 45, Division VI Dry powder application...................................................................45.601 Drying, curing or fusion equipment.........................................................45.605 Electrical and other sources of Ignition...................................................... 45.603 Electrostatic fluidized beds.............................:..................................45.608 Fixed electrostatic spraying equipment...................................................... 45.607 Location and construction of powder coating rooms and booths ................................. 45.602 Operation and maintenance...............................................................45.606 Ventilation..............................................................................45.604 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE ................................................. Article 11, Division I PREMISES IDENTIFICATION...............................................................10.208 PRIVATE STAIRWAY, definition ..............................................................9.118 PROCESSING PLANTS (flammable and combustible liquids) ................... Article 79, Division XV Construction...........................................................................79.1502 Dispensing............................................................................79.1512 Drainsge..............................................................................79.1504 Explosionrelief.........................................................................79.1506 Fire protection..........................................................................79.1517 Housekeeping.........................................................................79.1514 Loading and unloading facilities...........................................................79.1511 .. Mannerof storage.............................................. ......................79.1507 Piping, valves and fittings................................................................79.1508 Sources of ignition......................................................................79.1513 Ventilation.............................................................................79.1505 PROJECTILE FIRING......................................................................11.402 PUBLIC CONVEYANCE, definition...........................................................9.118 PUBLIC NUISANCE, definition.............................................................. 9.118 PUBLIC WAY, definition .....................................................................9.118 PYROXYLIN (See CELLULLOSE NITRATE PLASTICS) PYROXYLIN -COATED FABRICS IN ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS ................................... 25.104 Q NO REFERENCE R RECOGNIZED STANDARDS (See also NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS OF GOOD PRACTICE)...................................................................2.303(b) REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE UNIFORM BUILDING CODE .......................... Appendix VI-C REFINERIES AND DISTILLERIES ............................................. Article 79, Division XVI Fence.................................................................................79.1607 Fre protection..........................................................................79.1608 Location of process units.................................................................79.1606 Locations..............................................................................79.1602 Manner of storage......................................................................79.1603 Pressure vessels.......................................................................79.1605 Scope.................................................................................79.1601 Smoking...............................................................................79.1608 Storagetanks..........................................................................79.1604 Waste combustibles.....................................................................79.1609 REFINERY, definition .......................................................................9.120 414 1985 EDITION INDEX REFRIGERATION, MECHANICAL........................................................ Article 63 Ammonia diffusion .......................................................................63.108 Classifications...........................................................................63.102 Diffusion systems, other ..................................................................63.109 Emergency ammonia diffusion systems ..................................................... 63.108 Emergencysigns........................................................................63.107 Installation requirements..................................................................63.104 Instructions.............................................................................63.106 Maintenance............................................................................63.105 Permits...........................................................................4.101,63.103 REFUELER UNIT, aircraft..................................................................24.202 REFUELER UNITS............................................................ Article 24, Division II Construction of aircraft refuelers...........................................................24.201 Fueling and defueling.....................................................................24.203 Loading and unloading...................................................................24.207 Maintenance............................................................................24.206 Operation, maintenance and use of aircraft refueler units ...................................... 24.202 Passengers.............................................................................24.208 Protectionof hose........................................................................24.205 Qualified operator........................................................................24.204 Smoking, open -flame and service equipment ................................................ 24.209 REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM, definition...................................................... 9.120 REPAIR, definition.........................................................................9.120 REVIEWING STANDS, GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS ........................ Article 25, Division II General requirements ....................................................................25.205 Height of grandstands and bleachers.......................................................25.203 Scope ............. ..25.201 Securing of chairs.............................................................. 25.108(c),25.401 RIFLE RANGES.....................................................................Appendix11-D RIGHTOF ENTRY..........................................................................2.107 ROADWAYS, ACCESS FOR FIRE APPARATUS ............................................... 10.207 ROCKETS, FIRING OF.....................................................................11.402 ROOMS Combustible fiber storage............................................................... Article 28 Hazardous production storage.:...........................................................51.102 Hazardous production storage, inside .......................................................51.102 Inside liquid storage......................................................................79.202 Inside use, dispensing and mixing..........................................................79.804 Liquidstorage...........................................................................79.203 Tirebuffing..............................................................................31.104 S SAFETY CAN .................................. 9.121, 26.104 (d), 36.101, 45.208 (c), 79,104, 79.802 (b), 79.806 (b), 79.1815 (b) SAFETY DEVICES, liquefied petroleum gases ............................................... 82.109 SEATSPACING...........................................................................25.108 SEATING, FOLDING AND TELESCOPING ....................................... Article 25, Division III SECURING OF CHAIRS.......................................................... 25.108 (c), 25.401 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES USING HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIALS.............................................................. Article 51 Definitions..............................................................................51.102 Fabrication area.........................................................................51.105 Handling in sevice corridors...............................................................51.109 Handling within exit corridors..............................................................51.108 Permits.................................................................................51.103 Sprinkler system alarm...................................................................51.104 Storage and dispensing within fabrication areas..............................................51.107 Storage of hazardous production materials..................................................51.110 Workstations within the fabrication area.....................................................51.106 SERVICE STATIONS (flammable and combustible liquids) ....................... Article 79, Division IX Aircraft.................................................................................24.114 Definitions...............................................................................9.121 415 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE Dispensing services............................................................ 79.903,79.910(c) Drainage and waste disposal..............................................................79.907 Electrical equipment......................................................................79.905 Fire prevention regulations.............................................................79.910 (a) Fireprotection...........................................................................79.911 Heatingequipment.......................................................................79.906 Located inside buildings..................................................................79.909 Marine service stations...................................................................79.910 Pressure delivery service stations..........................................................79.904 Storage................................................................................79.902 Vaporrecovery ..........................................................................79.912 SHAFTWAYS TO BE MARKED.............................................................. 11.407 SI AND ENGLISH SYSTEM CONVERSION FACTORS .................................. Appendix VI-D SIGNS ......................... 11.414,12.114,13.103,24.109,25.111,32.114,45.403,63.105,79.1009, 79.1110, Appendix I-B SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION, definition...................................................... 9.121 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTILATORS, MAINTENANCE OF ....................................... 10.402 SMOKE DETECTORS........................................................10.306, Appendix ) -A 6 SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURES............................................................. 12.110 SMOKING Compliance with "no smoking' signs ........................................................ 13.105 Definition................................................................................9.121 Designated areas where smoking shall be prohibited .......................................... 13.101 No smoking"signs.... ........................................................... 13.103,24.109 Removal of signs prohibited...............................................................13.104 Smoking.........................................................................13.102,24.109 SMOKING PROHIBITED Apiary(smoking of bees)...............................................................13.102(b) Cry ogenicfluids ........................................................................ 75.502 Dry-clleaning plants.....................................................................79.1818 Dust -producing areas.....................................................................76.103 Except in posted areas..................................................................79.1608 Explosives......................................................... 77.201,77.301,77.302,77.305 Flammable or combustible liquids Dry-cleaning plants...................................................................79.1818 Marine service stations.............................................................79.910 (a)6 Oil wells.............................................................................79.1109 Refineries and distilleries..............................................................79.1608 Tank vehicles.........................................................................79.1205 Fueltransfer............................................................................24.209 General................................................................................13.101 Marine service stations................................................................ 79.910 (a) Mountainous, brush or forest land..........................................................13.102 Oil well or tank locations.................................................................79.1109 Projection booth.........................................................................84.103 Ripeningrooms..........................................................................46.106 Spray -finishing areas.....................................................................45.103 Tent or air -supported structures............................................................ 32.108 Where organic peroxides are stored........................................................ 45.706 Where smoking shall be prohibited.........................................................13.101 While driving or making repairs on tank vehicles ............................................. 79.1205 SPARK ARRESTERS, CHIMNEY............................................................ 11.111 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT..................................................................... Part VI SPECIAL OCCUPANCY USES.............................................................. Part IV SPECIAL PROCESSES..................................................................... Part V SPECIAL SUBJECTS..................................................................... Part VII SPRAY BOOTHS..........................................................................45.203 SPRAY FINISHING............................................................. Article 45, Division II Definitions........................................................................9.121,45.201 Dry -type overspray collectors (exhaust air filters) ............................................. 45.204 Dryingapparatus........................................................................45.211 Electncal and other sources of ignition......................................................45.205 Fire -protection equipment.................................................................45.209 Limited spraying areas....................................................................45.207 416 1985 EDITION INDEX Location of spray -finishing operations....................................................... 45.202 Operations and maintenance..............................................................45.210 Spotpainting............................................................................45.202 Spraybooths............................................................................45.203 Storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids ..................................... 45.208 Touch-up painting........................................................................45.202 Ventilation of spray booths and spray -finishing areas .......................................... 45.206 SPRAYING AREA............................................................. Article 45, Division II Definition.................................................................................9.121 SPRINKLER SYSTEM.....................................................................81.105 Alarms.................................................................................10.309 Omissions..............................................................................10.310 STAIRWAY IDENTIFICATION............................10.308, 10.309, 10.315, 12.106 (f), Appendix I-C STAIRWAYS.......................................................................12.106,12.109 STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS................................................... Appendix V-A STANDARDS, UNIFORM FIRE CODE ......................................................... 2.303 STANDBY PERSONNEL............................................................ 25.117, 32.110 STANDPIPES Definitions...............................................................................9.121 Class...............................................................................10.311(c) Class11..............................................................................10.311 (d) ClassIII.............................................................................10.311(a) In buildings during construction.......................................................... Article 87 Maintenance............................................................................10.302 Testing........................................ ................................... Appendix111-A Where required (general) ...............................................................10.311(b) STILLS.................................................................................79.1812 STORAGE (general) Agricultural products.....................................................................28.105 Baled..................................................................................28.104 Cabinets.............................................................................79.201 (g) Calcium carbide in buildings........................................................ ... .49.109 Cellulose nitrate plastics........................................................... 27.104, 33.104 Classmagazines.......................................................................77.203 Class11 magazines.......................................................................77.204 Cleaning solvents................................................................ 79.1806(d) Combustible fibers, definition......................................................9.105, Article 28 Combustible materials............................................................. 24.112,34.103 Cylinders and pressure vessels ....................................... 49.104,74.104,74.107,74.203 Explosives..............................................................................77.201 Film....................................................................................33.103 Flammable finishes.......................................................................45.207 Flammable or combustible liquids..............................26.104, 29.104, 31.106, 32.119, 45.208, 45.304, 50.105, 61.106 (d), Article 79, 86.102 Flammable or combustible liquids on farms and construction projects ................ Article 79, Division X Gunpowder.............................................................................77.202 Handlingrooms..........................................................................79.405 Hazardous equipment in buildings........................................................ 11.415 Hazardous production materials......................................................... Article 51 High -piled combustible................................................................. Article 81 Inside liquid room........................................................................79.202 Liquidstorage roam......................................................................79.203 Liquid warehouse........................................................................79.204 Loose..................................................................................28.103 Magnesium......................................................................48.105,48.109 Matches.........................................................................83.102,83.105 OpenYard...............................................................................30.102 Organic peroxides................................................................ ..45.703 Outside.................................................................... Article 79, Division IV Portabletank............................................................................79.401 Pigs, ingots and billets, magnesium......................................................... 48.103 Rack................................................................................... 81.111 Raw materials and finished products (organic coatings) ........................................ 50.105 Readily combustible materials.............................................................11.203 Rubbercement..........................................................................31.106 Stationary tanks, aboveground outside of buildings ............................... Article 79, Division V Tanks...............................................79.301,79.401,79.501,79.601,79.1604 Underground tank........................................................... Article 79, Division VI 417 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE STORAGE (cryogenic fluids) .................................................. Article 75, Division III Containers..............................................................................75.301 Drainagefor aboveground containers.......................................................75.302 Installation of aboveground containers......................................................75.301 Installation of belowground concrete containers .............................................. 75.304 Installation of cryogenic in -ground containers ................................................ 75.305 location of aboveground containers with respect to exposure ................................... 75.303 Location of belowground and in -ground containers with respect to exposure ...................... 75.306 STORAGE (explosives and blasting agent .. ..... ........................... Article 77, Division II 77.201 American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives ........................................ Class magazines.......................................................................77.203 Class11 magazines.......................................................................77.204 Gunpowder.............................................................................77.202 Storage of explosives.....................................................................77.201 SUMPS (well -drilling operations).......................................................... 79.1105 SYSTEMS (dry-cleaning plants) ............................................. Article 79, Division XVIII Class................................................................................79.1802 Class11................................................................................79.1802 Class III...............................................................................79.1802 ClassIV...............................................................................79.1802 T TANKS Abandonmentof.........................................................................79.114 Connections.............................................................. 79.302,79.510,79.604 Construction.................................................... 79.105,79.301(c),79.502,79.602 Corrosion protection......................................................................79.603 Definition................................................................................9.122 Design............................................................ 79.105,79.301,79.502,79.602 Orainage,dikes and walls for aboveground..................................................79.508 Foundation, supports and anchorage.......................................................79.506 Hardening and tempering.................................................................45.309 Inside of buildings........................................................... Article 79, Division III Location..................................................................79.403,79.503,79.601 Operation of tank vehicles................................................................79.1204 Portable tank storage outside of buildings ....................................... Article 79, Division IV Spacingbetween........................................................................79.505 Stairs, platforms, walkways ................................................................79.507 Support in buildings...................................................................79.301(d) Testing...................................................................... 79.301(a),79,605 Underground............................................................... Article 79, Division VI Valves...........................................................................79.501,79.701 Vehicle, definition .........................................................................9.122 Verding, emergency, for aboveground flammable liquid .................................. Appendix VI -A Vents r............................................................. ....79.302,79.510,79.604 TANKS IN LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE FLOODED (flammable liquid) ...................... Appendix II-B TANK STORAGE STATIONARY ABOVEGROUND OUTSIDE OF BUILDING .......... Article 79, Division V Design and construction of tanks .................................................... 79.105,79.502 Drainage, dikes and walls.................................................................79.508 Fire protection...........................................................................79.511 Floating roof tank, defined ..............................................................79.502(b) Foundations and supports.................................................................79.506, Location with, respect to buildings and property line, public ways and importantbudings on same property.......................................................79.503 Restricted loations and fire protection...................................................... 79.501 Spacing between tanks...................................................................79.505 Stairs, platforms and walkways.............................................................79.507 Tankconnections........................................................................79.510 Tankvalves.............................................................................79.509 Vents..................................................................................79.510 TANK STORAGE STATIONARY INSIDE OF BUILDINGS ........................... Article 79, Division III Fire protection...........................................................................79.303 General................................................................................79.301 Support of tanks in buildings............................................................79.301 (d) Tank connections.:...................................................................... 79.302 TANK STORAGE UNDERGROUND, OUTSIDE OF OR UNDER BUILDINGS....................................................... Article 79, Division VI Abandonment of tanks....................................................................79.113 Corrosion protection......................................................................79.603 418 1985 EDITION INDEX Design and construction of tanks...........................................................79.602 Location................................................................................79.601 Tankconnection.........................................................................79.604 Testing.................................................................................79.605 TANK VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION......................................................... 79.1202 TANK VEHICLES FOR FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS .............. Article 79, Division XII Full trailers and semitrailers..............................................................79.1203 Operations of tank vehicles...............................................................79.1204 Parking and garaging................................................................. .79.1206 Permits..........................................................................4.101,79.1201 Smoking prohibited.....................................................................79.1205 TEMPORARY WIRING.....................................................................85.103 TENT, definition ............................................................................9.122 TENTS AND AIR -SUPPORTED STRUCTURES ............................................. Article 32 Abatement of fire or panic hazards not specifically covered by this article ......................... 32.111 Definitions.........................................................................9.103,9.122 Exit illumination..........................................................................32.115 Exits...................................................................................32.112 Fire extinguishers........................................................................32.109 Fire -resistive standards...................................................................32.107 Flame-retardant treatment................................................................32.106 Heating and cooking equipment............................................................32.118 Housekeeping.... ...................................................................... 32.120 Location of tents and air -supported structures ................................................ 32.104 Maintenance of exit ways..................................................................32.113 Marking of exits..........................................................................32.114 Parking of automotive equipment...........................................................32.103 Permits...........................................................................4.101,32.101 Placeof assemblage.....................................................................32.102 Seating arrangements....................................................................32.117 Smoking and open flame........................................................... .32.108 Standby personnel................................................................25.115,32.110 Storage of flammable or combustible liquids ................................................. 32.119 Structural stability........................................................................32.105 Occupantload...........................................................................32.116 TEST BLASTING CAP NO.8, definition....................................................... 9.122 TESTING FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS, STANDPIPES AND COMBINATION SYSTEMS........................................................... Appendix III -A TIRE -REBUILDING PLANTS............................................................. Article 31 Automobile tire -rebuilding plants (general) ................................................... 31.101 Construction and protection requirements................................................... 31.103 Permits...........................................................................4.101,31.102 Tire -buffing rooms .......................................................................31.104 Useand storage.........................................................................31.106 Ventilation..............................................................................31.105 TOYBALLOONS..........................................................................11.401 TRACERBULLETS.......................................................................11.402 TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS, tank vehicles ............................................. 79.1203 TRANSPORTATION Of blasting agents........................................................................77.306 Of cryogenic fluids.......................................................................75.602 Ofexplosives............................................................................77.302 Of flammable and combustible liquids .......................................... Article 79, Division XII Of hazardous materials...................................................................80.110 TRANSPORTATION PIPELINES .............................................. Article 79, Division XViI Permits..........................................................................4.101,79.1701 TRAP DOORS TO BE CLOSED............................................................. 11.406 U UNIFORM BUILDING CODE, definition .............. UNIFORM BUILDING CODE TABLES Conversion tables ................................ ...................................9.123 .........................Appendix VI-D 419 INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE Table No. 5-A: Wall and Openingg Protection of Occupancies Based on Location on Property Types 11, One -hour, II-N and V Construction ................................... Appendix VI-C Table No. 5-B: Required Separation in Buildings of Mixed Occupancy ..................... Appendix VI-C Table No. 5-C: Basic Allowable Floor Area for Buildings One Story in Height ................ Appendix VI-C Table No. 5-D: Maximum Height of Buildings .......................................... Appendix VI-C Table No.17-A: Types of Construction —Fire -resistive Requirements ...................... Appendix VI-C Table No. 33-A: Minimum Egress and Access Requirements ............................. Appendix VI-C Table No. 42-A: Flame -spread Classification .......................................... Appendix VI-C Table No. 42-13: Maximum Flame -spread Applications .................................. Appendix VI-C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE, definition ................................................... 9.123 UNSAFE BUILDING........................................................................2.201 USE, HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION (explosives and blasting agents) ....... Article 77, Division III V VACANT BUILDINGS ............................. VACATING PREMISES ............................ VALVES ......................................... VAPOR AREA .............. VAPOR PRESSURE, definiton VEHICLES Cryogenic fluids Flammable liquid VENTING Afterfumigating................................. Of equipment compartments (airports) ............. Ratios and roof vents (high -piled combustible storage) Tanks......................................... VENTILATION Bowling alley refinishing ............................. Dry-cleaning plants ................................. Garages........................................... Organic coating manufacturing ........................ Ovens............................................. Semiconductor fabrication facilities .................... Spray booths and spray -finishing areas ................ Tire -rebuilding plants ................................. Where flammable or combustible liquids are stored, used. W WAREHOUSE (flammable and combustible liquids).. 11.412 .......11.411 75.402,79.703 . 9.124, 45.302 ........9.124 ...................................75.602 ...................... Article 79, Division XII ...................................47.109 ...................................24.118 ...................................81.107 ....... 79.302, 79.510, 79.604, Appendix VI -A ......................... 26.103 ...........................36.103,79.1807 ...................................29.103 ...................................50.104 ...................................62.104 ............. 51.105,51.106,51.107.51.110 ............. 45.206,45.302,45.405,45.604 ...................................31.105 .......... 79.1304,79.1403,79.1505,79.203, 79,804,79.909 WASTE Accumulation of ....................................... Petroleum products ..................................... WELDING AND CUTTING (calcium carbide and acetylene) . Containers for calcium carbide ........................... General reGuirements ........... ...................... General safety rules for welding and cutting ............... . Generator rooms ...................................... Hose and hose connections ............................. Liquid oxygen ......................................... Manifolding of cylinders ................................. Piping of oxygen and fuel gases .......................... Portable generators .................................... Protection against freezing .............................. Storage of calcium carbide in buildings .................... Storage of cylinders .................................... WELL.DRILLING OPERATIONS Field loading racks ..................................... Fire protection ......................................... Location of oil well ..................................... ............................9.125,79.204 ...............11.201 79.110, 79.111, 79.1104 .............................. Article 49 ................................49.108 ......................... 34.106,49.101 ................................49.107 ................................49.111 ................................49.106 ................................49.105 ................................49.103 ................................49.102 ................................49.112 ................................49.113 ................................49.109 ................................49.104 .........................79.1111 .........................79.1112 .........................79.1103 420 INDEX 1985 EDITION Permits..........................................................................4.101,79.1102 Prevention of blowouts...................................................................79.1106 Signs.................................................................................79.1110 Smoking...............................................................................79.1109 Soundproofing material..................................................................79.1108 Storagetanks..........................................................................79.1107 Sumps................................................................................79.1105 Waste control..........................................................................79.1104 WHARVES —FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS ................................... 79.1406 WOODWORKING PLANTS (See also LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING PLANTS) ....... Article 30 WRECKING YARDS (See also AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS, JUNK OR WASTE MATERIAL HANDLING PLANTS).................................................................. Article 34 X NO REFERENCE Y NO REFERENCE Z NO REFERENCE 421