HomeMy WebLinkAbout1988 Uniform Fire CodeUNIFORM
FIRE
CODE TM
1988 Edition
UNIFORM
BUILDING
CODE
1922
First Printing
Publication date: May 1, 1988
ISSN 0896-9736
COPYRIGHT (0 1988
by
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BUILDING OFFICIALS
5360 SOUTH WORKMAN MILL ROAD
WHITTIER, CALIFORNIA 90601
and
WESTERN FIRE CHIEFS ASSOCIATION
5360 SOUTH WORKMAN MILL ROAD
WHITTIER, CALIFORNIA 90601
Preface
It is the intent of the International Conference of Building Officials and the
Western Fire Chiefs Association to correlate the provisions of the Uniform Fire
Code T' and the Uniform Building Code so that there is no conflict between them.
Neither code is intended to stand alone; rather, the total package, i.e., the
Uniform Fire Code, the Uniform Building Code, the Uniform Mechanical Code,
the Uniform Plumbing Code and the National Electrical Code, will give cities and
counties a complete and comprehensive program of model codes that are compati-
ble with each other.
The Uniform Fire Code was initially developed by the California Fire Chiefs
Association and was first published by the International Conference of Building
Officials and the Western Fire Chiefs Association in 197 1. A revised edition was
published in 1973 and subsequent editions have been published at three-year
intervals. New editions incorporate changes approved at annual meetings of the
Western Fire Chiefs Association.
Anyone may propose amendments to this code. For more information, write to
the Western Fire Chiefs Association or the International Conference of Building
Officials at the address on the copyright page. Code changes are processed each
year and published in supplement form, permitting ready adoption by local
communities. Changes are carefully reviewed in public hearings by professional
experts in the field of fire and life safety.
The following marking ........................ printed vertically in the margin indicates a
change in the requirement from the 1985 edition. Editorial changes due to
reformatting are not identified.
Vertical lines in the margin that are interrupted by the letter B indicate the
provision is an excerpt of requirements in the Uniform Building Code. Changes to
such provisions are processed through the International Conference of Building
Officials.
Deletion indicators (1*) are provided in the margin where a paragraph or item in
a listing has been deleted.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Known widely for its Uniform Building Code, the International Conference of Building
Officials publishes other related codes as well as textbooks to enable the user to improve his
knowledge of code enforcement and the administration of a building inspection program.
Publications are continually being added, so inquiries should be directed to Conference
headquarters for a list of those available. At the time of this publication, the following
publications were available:
Uniform Building Code. Covers the fire, life and structural safety aspects of all build-
ings and related structures.
Handbook to the Uniform Building Code —An illustrated commentary. A new
publication containing a description of the purpose and intent of individual code sections
appearing in the 1988 edition of the Building Code. Where appropriate, provides historical
background and references other documents for additional information. Also included are
numerous drawings and figures clarifying the application and intent of the 1988 code
provisions.
Uniform Building Code Standards. Presents in a compact and concise manner national
test, material and special design standards referred to in the Uniform Building Code.
Uniform Mechanical Code. Contains requirements for the installation and maintenance
of heating, ventilating, cooling and refrigeration systems. This publication is sponsored
jointly by the the International Conference of Building Officials and the International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials.
Uniform Plumbing Code. Published by the International Association of Plumbing and
Mechanical Officials, the Uniform Plumbing Code covers all aspects of plumbing, includ-
ing requirements for plumbing materials, and IAPMO installation standards. It is endorsed
by the Conference as a companion document to ICBO's model codes and is available from
either organization.
Uniform Housing Code. Provides complete requirements affecting conservation and
rehabilitation of housing. Its regulations are compatible with the Uniform Building Code.
Uniform Code for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings. Sets forth orderly proce-
dures for remedying dangerous buildings. Follows due process provisions which reflect the
latest court decisions in such matters. This code covers all structures and may be used to
supplement the Uniform Housing Code and the Uniform Building Code.
Uniform Sign Code. Dedicated to the development of better sign regulation. Its require-
ments pertain to all signs and sign construction attached to buildings.
Uniform Administrative Code. This code covers administration areas in connection
with adoption of the Uniform Building Code, Uniform Mechanical Code and related codes
by a jurisdiction. It contains provisions which relate to site preparation, construction,
alteration, moving, repair and use and occupancies of buildings or structures and building
service equipment including plumbing, electrical and mechanical. The code is compatible
with the administrative provisions of all codes published by the Conference.
Uniform Building Security Code. This code establishes minimum standards to make
dwelling units resistant to unlawful entry. It regulates swinging doors, sliding doors,
windows and hardware in connection with dwelling units of apartment houses or one- and
two-family dwellings. The code gives consideration to the concerns of police, fire and
building officials in establishing requirements for resistance to burglary which are compati-
ble with fire and life safety.
Uniform Code for Building Conservation. A building conservation guideline presented
in code format which will provide a community with the means to preserve their existing
buildings while achieving appropriate levels of safety. It is formatted in the same manner as
the Uniform Building Code, compatible with other Uniform Codes, and may be adopted as a
code or used as a guideline.
Dwelling Construction Under the Uniform Building Code. Designed to acquaint the
home builder with basic Building Code requirements relating to dwelling construction. A
useful text for apprentice training programs.
Uniform Fire Code. Sets out provisions necessary for fire prevention while achieving
uniformity in terms and requirements with other codes published by the Conference. This
code is sponsored jointly by the Western Fire Chiefs Association and the International
Conference of Building Officials.
Uniform Fire Code Standards. This publication is a companion to the Uniform Fire
Code. It contains standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials and of the
National Fire Protection Association referenced by the Uniform Fire Code.
U.B.C. Supplements. Between new editions of the codes, changes approved each year
are incorporated in the supplements.
Analysis of Revisions. Discusses the changes included in the latest codes published by
the Conference as compared to the prior editions.
Uniform Building Code-1927 Edition. A special 60th anniversary printing of the first
published Uniform Building Code.
CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code. This code is jointly sponsored by the
International Conference of Building Officials, Building Officials and Code Administrators
International, Inc., and Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc. It eliminates
conflicts and duplications among the model codes to achieve national uniformity. Covers
mechanical and plumbing requirements as well as construction and occupancy
Application and Commentary CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code. An
interpretive commentary on the CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code intended to
enhance uniformity of interpretation and application of the code nationwide. Developed by
the three model code organizations under contract with the Department of Housing and
Urban Development (HUD) and in cooperation with the National Association of Home
Builders (NAHB).
CABO Model Energy Code. This code sets forth minimum requirements for effective
use of energy in the design of new buildings and structures and additions to existing
buildings. It is based on ASHRAE Standard 90A- 1980 and was originally developed jointly
by ICBO, BOCA, SBCCI and the National Conference of States on Building Codes and
Standards (NCSBCS) under a contract funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The code
is now maintained by the Council of American Building Officials (CABO) and is adopted by
reference in the Uniform Building Code.
Uniform Disaster Mitigation Plan. A plan developed to aid building departments in
coping with major disasters such as fires, floods and earthquakes. Defines standard operat-
ing procedures for initiating disaster assessment and mitigation and includes samples of
records, reports, entry signs, etc.
National Electrical Code. The National Electrical Code is the electrical code for the
majority of states, counties and cities in the United States. Researched and published every
three years by the National Fire Protection Association, it is an indispensable aid to every
electrician, electrical inspector, electrical equipment manufacturer, architect, builder, con-
sulting engineer, contractor, fire marshal, fire chief, building inspector and anyone who
must specify or certify electrical installations.
National Fire Codes. Available through ICBO are the National Fire Codes published by
the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The I I -volume set provides guidelines for
code enforcement, inspection, design and maintenance of buildings in a single source
reference.
California State Fire Marshal Construction Materials Listing. A 112-page listing of
construction materials, fire -retardant materials, fire -resistive designs, and fire -protection
equipment that conforms to the California State Fire Marshal's building standards and fire -
safety regulations.
Building Department Administration. An excellent guide for improvement of skills in
departmental management and in the enforcement and application of the Building Code and
other regulations administered by a building inspection department. Recommended for both
undergraduate and advanced study
Uniform Building Code Application/Interpretation Manual. A manual discussing
sections of the Uniform Building Code with a question/answer format, providing a compre-
hensive analysis of the intent of the code section. Most sections include illustrative exam-
ples. The manual is in loose-leaf form so that code interpretations published in Building
Standards may be inserted.
Plan Review Manual. Provides an understanding of the extent of Building Code provi-
sions and illustrates application to given situations. Covers nonstructural aspects as well as
providing an insight into the basic engineering considerations a plan examiner or checker
must utilize.
Field Inspection Manual. Designed to improve inspection skills and techniques. A
fundamental important text for courses of study at the community college and trade or
technical school level.
Building Official Management Manual. This manual addresses the unique nature of
code administration and the managerial duties of the building official. A supplementary
insert addresses the budgetary and financial aspects of a building department. It is also an
ideal resource for those preparing for the management module of the CABO Building
Official Certification Examination.
Legal Aspects of Code Administration. A manual developed by the three model code
organizations to inform the building official on the legal aspects of the profession. The text is
written in a logical sequence with explanation of legal terminology and is designed to serve
as a refresher to those preparing to take the legal module of the CABO Building Official
Certification Examination.
Illustrated Mechanical Manual. Contains a series of illustrations with explanatory text
covering requirements in the Uniform Mechanical Code which respond to graphic treat-
ment. It is highly useful for code application and for training purposes.
Solar Swimming Pool/Spa Code Review Manual. A completely illustrated manual to
assist local officials in identifying, understanding and completing a code analysis of solar
pool and spa heating systems presented for permit approval. Developed by the California
Building Officials, Inc., (CALBO) under contract to the California Energy Commission.
Concrete Manual. A publication on concrete to be used for reference or as a text on
concrete inspection. Of particular interest to inspectors, it is also useful to concrete techni-
cians and craftsmen who are more concerned with the physical and practical aspects of
concrete than the design.
You Can Build It! Sponsored by the Council of American Building Officials (CABO),
this booklet contains information and advice to aid "do-it-yourselfers" with building
projects. Provides guidance in necessary procedures such as permit requirements, codes,
plans, cost estimation, etc.
Guidelines for Manufactured Housing Installations. A guideline in code form imple-
menting the Uniform Building Code and its companion code documents to regulate the
permanent installation of a manufactured home on a privately owned nonrental site. A
commentary is included to explain specific provisions, and codes applying to each compo-
nent part are defined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the Uniform Fire Code
and Uniform Fire Code Standards .................................. xxvi
Part I —Administrative
ARTICLE 1. Title, Intent and Scope
SEC. 1.101. Title ......................................... I
1. 102. Intent ........................................ I
1. 103. Scope ........................................ I
ARTICLE 2. Organization, Authority, Duties and Procedures
DIVISION 1.
Organization and Authority ...................
2
SEC. 2.101.
Responsibility for Enforcement ....................
2
2.102.
Rules and Regulations ...........................
2
2.103.
Fire Prevention Bureau ..........................
2
2.104.
Fire Prevention Engineer or Fire Marshal ............
2
2.105.
Authority of Fire Personnel to Exercise Powers of Police
Officers ......................................
3
2.106.
Authority of Police Personnel to Assist in Enforcing
This Code .....................................
3
2.107.
Right of Entry ................ I ................
3
2.108.
Liability for Damages ...........................
3
2.109.
Validity ......................................
3
DIVISION 11.
Duties and Procedures .......................
4
SEC. 2.201.
Inspections and Unsafe Buildings ..................
4
2.202.
Investigations ..................................
4
2.203.
Records and Reports ............................
4
2.204.
Orders, Notices and Tags .........................
5
2.205.
Service of Orders and Notices .....................
5
DIVISION Ill.
Special Procedures ..........................
6
SEC. 2.301.
Alternate Materials and Methods ...................
6
2.302.
Technical Assistance ............................
6
2.303.
Board of Appeals ...............................
6
2.304.
Standards .....................................
7
ARTICLE 3. Compliance with Orders and Notices
SEC. 3.101.
Unlawful Continuance of Fire Hazard ...............
12
3.102.
Compliance with Order or Notice ..................
12
3.103.
Compliance with Condemnation Tag ................
12
3.104.
Removal or Destruction of Signs or Tags .............
12
ARTICLE 4. Permits
SEC. 4.101.
Scope ........................................
13
4.102.
Conditions of Permits ...........................
13
4.103.
Application for Permit ...........................
13
4.104.
Inspection Required .............................
13
4.105.
Retention of Permits ............................
13
4.106.
Permits for the Same Location .....................
13
4.107.
Revocation of Permits ...........................
14
4.108.
Permit Required ................................
14
VII
Page
Part II—Def initions and Abbreviations
ARTICLE 9. Definitions and Abbreviations
9.101. General Provisions .............................. 20
9.102. Definitions .................................... 20
Part III —General Provisions for Fire Safety
ARTICLE 10. Fire Protection
DIVISION 1.
Operations at Fires or Other Emergencies ......
46
SEC. 10.101.
Authority at Fires and Other Emergencies ........... :
46
10.102.
Interference with Fire Department .................
46
10.103.
Authority to Barricade ...........................
46
DIVISION II.
General Provisions ...........................
46
SEC. 10.201.
Tampering with Fire Equipment ...................
46
10.202.
Tampering with Fire Hydrant or Fire Appliance .......
47
10.203.
Hydrant Use Approval ...........................
47
10.204.
Tampering with Barricades, etc ....................
47
10.205.
Closure of Roads or Trails ........................
47
10.206.
Obstruction of Fire Protection Equipment ............
47
10.207.
Fire Apparatus Access Roads .....................
48
10.208.
Premises Identification ..........................
49
10.209.
Key Box ......................................
49
DIVISION Ill.
Installation and Maintenance of Fire -protection,
Life -safety Systems and Appliances ...........
49
SEC. 10.301.
Installation ....................................
49
10.302.
Maintenance ..................................
50
10.303.
Portable Fire Extinguishers .......................
51
10.304.
Fire Protection in Recreational Vehicle and Mobile
Home Parks ...................................
51
10.305.
Installation of Fixed Fire Protection Systems .........
52
10.306.
Automatic Fire -extinguishing Systems ..............
52
10.307.
Sprinkler System Alarms .........................
55
10.308.
Permissible Sprinkler Omissions ...................
55
10.309.
Standpipes ....................................
55
10.310.
Buildings Under Construction .....................
57
10.311.
Basement Pipe Inlets ............................
57
10.312.
Ventilating Hood and Duct Systems ................
57
10.313.
Fire -extinguishing Equipment for Protection of Kitchen
Grease Hoods and Ducts .........................
57
DIVISION IV. Maintenance, Repair and Restoration of
Fire -resistive Walls and Partitions, Draft -stop
Partitions and Fire -resistive Assemblies for
Protection of Openings ....................... 59
SEC. 10.401. Fire -resistive Construction ....................... 59
10.402. Fire Assembly for Protection of Openings ............ 59
Vill
Page
ARTICLE 11. General Precautions Against Fire
DIVISION 1.
Incinerators and Open Burning ................
61
SEC. 11.101.
Bonfires and Outdoor Rubbish Fires ................
61
11.102.
Kindling of Fire on Land of Others Restricted .........
61
11.103.,
Discarding Burning Objects Prohibited ..............
61
11.104.
Hot Ashes and Other Dangerous Materials ...........
61
11.105.
T�pes and Construction of Incinerators ..............
61
11.106.
Location ......................................
62
11.107.
Incinerators in Trailer Camps ......................
62
11.108.
Maintenance ..................... .............
62
11.109.
Clearance Between Incinerators and Combustibles .....
62
11.110.
Use of Incinerators Restricted .....................
62
11.111.
Chimney Spark Arresters .........................
63
11.112.
Hours of Burning ...............................
63
11.113.
Burning on Public Property .......................
63
11.114.
Offensive Smoke and Odors ......................
63
11.115.
Attendant for Fire ..............................
63
11.116.
Fire Hazard Prohibited ...........................
63
DIVISION II.
Combustible and Flammable Materials .........
63
SEC. 11.201.
Accumulation of Waste Material ...................
63
11.202.
Handling of Readily Combustible Materials ..........
64
11.203.
Storage of Readily Combustible Materials ...........
64
11.204.
Flammable Decorative Materials ...................
65
11.205.
Use of Open Flame or Light Restricted ..............
65
11.206.
Combustible Materials Beneath Structures ...........
65
11.207.
Combustible Storage in Attic Spaces ................
65
11.208.
Parade Floats ..................................
66
11.209.
Atrium Furnishings .............................
66
DIVISION Ill.
Fire Reporting and False Alarms ...............
66
SEC. 11.301.
Reporting of Fires ..............................
66
11.302.
False Alarms ..................................
66
DIVISION IV. Use of Equipment, Appliances and Devices;
Vacant Buildings ............................. 67
SEC. 11.401.
Toy Balloons .................................. 67
11.402.
Projectile Firing ................................ 67
11.403.
Asphalt Kettles ................................ 67
11.404.
Heating Appliances ............................. 67
11.405.
Maintenance of Chimneys and Heating Appliances .... 68
11.406.
Trapdoors to Be Closed .......................... 68
11.407.
Shaftways to Be Marked ......................... 68
11.408.
Use of Torches or Flame -producing Devices for
Sweating Pipe Joints or Removing Paint ............. 68
11.409.
Open -flame Warning Lights ...................... 68
11.410.
Open -flame Devices in Marinas ................... 68
11.411.
Vacating Premises .............................. 69
11.412.
Vacant Buildings ............................... 69
11.413.
Protection of Gas Meters and Piping ................ 69
11.414.
Posting of Signs on Exterior Doors Blocked by Storage . 69
11.415.
Storage of Hazardous Equipment in Buildings ........ 69
IX
Page
ARTICLE 12. Maintenance of Exits and Occupant Load Control
DIVISION 1.
Maintenance of Exits .........................
70
SEC. 12.101.
Scope ........................................
70
12.102.
Definitions ....................................
70
12.103.
Exit Obstruction ................................
70
12.104.
Doors ........................................
71
12.105.
Exit Corridors .................................
72
12.106.
Stairways and Ramps ............................
72
12.107.
Exit Illumination ...............................
72
12.108.
Exit Signs .....................................
72
12.109.
Discharge, Dispersal and Refuge ...................
73
DIVISION II.
Occupant Load Control .......................
73
SEC. 12.201.
General .......................................
73
12.202.
Permits .......................................
73
12.203.
Occupant Load .................................
73
12.204.
Increased Occupant Load .........................
74
12.205.
Exit Arrangements ..............................
74
ARTICLE 13. Smoking
SEC. 13.101.
Designated Areas Where Smoking Shall Be Prohibited
75
13.102.
Smoking ......................................
75
13.103.
"No Smoking" Signs ............................
75
13.104.
Removal of Signs Prohibited ......................
75
13.105.
Compliance with "No Smoking" Signs .............
75
ARTICLE 14. Fire Alarm Systems
SEC. 14.101.
Scope ........................................
76
14.102.
Definitions ....................................
76
14.103.
General Requirements ...........................
76
14.104.
Required Installations ...........................
77
14.105.
Special Provisions ..............................
78
14.106.
Maintenance ...................................
79
14.107.
Automatic Telephone Dialing Devices ..............
79
14.108.
False Alarms ..................................
79
Part IV —Special Occupancy Uses
ARTICLE 24. Airports, Heliports and Helistops
DIVISION 1.
General .....................................
80
SEC. 24.101.
Scope ........................................
80
24.102.
Permits .......................................
80
24.103.
Dispensing Flammable or Combustible Liquids .......
80
24.104.
Transferring Fuel ...............................
80
24.105.
Application of Flammable or Combustible Liquid
Finishes......................................
80
24.106.
Cleaning Parts .................................
80
24.107.
Drip Pans .....................................
80
24.108.
Open Flame ...................................
80
24.109.
Smoking ......................................
81
24.110.
Running Engines ...............................
81
24.111.
Repairing Aircraft ..............................
81
24.112.
Combustible Storage ............................
81
24.113.
Portable Fire Extinguishers .......................
81
Page
24.114.
Aircraft Service Station ..........................
82
24.115.
Pumps .......................................
82
24.116.
Dispensing Hose and Nozzles .....................
82
24.117.
Protection of Electrical Equipment .................
82
24.118.
Venting of Equipment Compartments ...............
82
24.119.
Accessory Equipment ...........................
83
24.120.
Bonding and Grounding ..........................
83
24.121.
Regulations Not Covered .........................
83
DIVISION 11.
Refueler Units ...............................
83
SEC. 24.201.
Construction of Aircraft Reftielers .................
83
24.202.
Operation, Maintenance and Use of Aircraft Reftieler
Units.........................................
84
24.203.
Fueling and Defueling ...........................
84
24.204.
Qualified Operator ..............................
85
24.205.
Protection of Hose ..............................
85
24.206.
Maintenance ...................................
85
24.207.
Loading and Unloading ..........................
85
24.208.
Passengers ....................................
85
24.209.
Smoking, Open Flame and Service Equipment ........
86
DIVISION Ill.
Helistops ....................................
86
SEC. 24.301.
General .......................................
86
24.302.
Clearance ........
86
24.303.
Class I or Class 11 Liquid Spillage ..................
86
24.304.
Exit Ways .....................................
87
24.305.
Federal Aviation Approval ........................
87
ARTICLE 25. Places of Assembly
DIVISION 1.
General .....................................
88
SEC. 25.101.
Permits .......................................
88
25.102.
Supervision and Communication System ............
88
25.103.
Decorative Material .............................
88
25.104.
Pyroxylin -coated Fabric ..........................
88
25.105.
Motion Picture Screens ..........................
88
25.106.
Exit Doors ....................................
89
25.107.
Aisles ........................................
89
25.108.
Seat Spacing ...................................
90
25.109.
Use of Exit Ways ...............................
91
25.110.
Ashtrays ......................................
91
25.111.
Fire Appliances ................................
91
25.112.
Plan of Exit Ways and Aisles ......................
92
25.113.
Marking and Lighting of Exits .....................
92
25.114.
Maximum Occupant Load ........
92
25.115.
Candies and Other Open -flame Devices .............
92
25.116.
Requirements for Use of Candles and Other Open -flame
Devices......................................
92
25.117.
Standby Personnel ..............................
94
DIVISION II.
Reviewing Stands, Grandstands and Bleachers.
94
SEC. 25.201.
Scope ........................................
94
25.202.
Definitions ....................................
94
25.203.
Height of Grandstands and Bleachers ...............
94
25.204.
Structural Requirements .........................
94
25.205,
Design of Reviewing Stands, Grandstands and
Bleachers .....................................
94
A
Page
DIVISION Ill.
Folding and Telescoping Seating ..............
97
SEC. 25.301.
Scope ........................... ............
97
25.302.
Definition .....................................
97
25.303.
Design Requirements ............................
97
25.304.
General Requirements ...........................
97
DIVISION IV.
Securing of Chairs ...........................
98
SEC. 25.401.
General .......................................
98
ARTICLE 26. Bowling Alleys
SEC. 26.101.
General .......................................
99
26.102.
Permits .......................................
99
26.103.
Alley Resurfacing and Refinishing .................
99
26.104.
Pin Refinishing ................................
99
ARTICLE 27. Cellulose
Nitrate Plastics (Pyroxylin), Storage and
Handling
SEC. 27.101.
Definition .....................................
100
27.102.
Permits .......................................
100
27.103.
Display of Plastics ..............................
100
27.104.
Storage and Handling ............................
100
27.105.
Fire Protection Equipment ........................
101
27.106.
Sources of Ignition ..............................
101
ARTICLE 28. Storage and Handling of Combustible Fibers
SEC. 28.101.
Definitions ....................................
102
28.102.
Permits .......................................
102
28.103.
Loose Storage .................................
102
28.104.
Baled Storage ..................................
102
28.105.
Storage of Agricultural Products ...................
103
28.106.
Dust -collecting System ..........................
103
ARTICLE 29. Garages
SEC. 29.101.
General .......................................
104
29.102.
Permits .......................................
104
29.103.
Cleaning with Class I or 11 Liquids ..................
104
29.104.
Handling of Gasoline and Oils .....................
104
29.105.
Vapor Ignition Devices ..........................
104
ARTICLE 30. Lumber Yards and Woodworking Plants
SEC. 30.101.
Permits .......................................
105
30.102.
Open Yard Storage ..............................
105
30.103.
Operational Fire Hazards in Lumber Yards ...........
105
30.104.
Fire -extinguishing Appliances in Open Yards and
Buildings .....................................
105
30.105.
Woodworking Plants ............................
106
ARTICLE 31. Tire -rebuilding Plants
SEC. 31.101.
General ........................................
107
31.102.
Permits .......................................
107
31.103.
Construction and Protection Requirements ...........
107
31.104.
Tire -buff ing Rooms .............................
107
31.105.
Ventilation ....................................
107
31.106.
Use and Storage ................................
107
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ARTICLE 32. Tents, Canopies and Temporary Membrane Structures
SEC. 32.101.
Scope ........................................
108
32.102.
Definitions ....................................
108
32.103.
Permits .......................................
108
32.104.
Use Period ....................................
108
32.105.
Locations, Access and Parking ....................
108
32.106.
Structural Stability ..............................
109
32.107.
Flame-retardant Treatment and Standards ............
109
32.108.
Smoking and Open Flame ........................
110
32.109.
Portable Fire Extinguishers and Other Fire
Protection Appliances ...........................
110
32.110.
Standby Personnel ..............................
110
32.111.
Exits .........................................
110
32.112.
Maintenance of Exit Ways ........................
III
32.113.
Exit Illumination ...............................
III
32.114.
Exit Signs .....................................
112
32.115.
Maximum Occupant Load ........................
112
32.116.
Seating Arrangements ...........................
112
32.117.
Heating and Cooking Equipment ...................
112
32.118.
Flammable or Combustible Liquids and Liquefied
Petroleum Gas .................................
112
32.119.
Housekeeping .................................
113
ARTICLE 33. Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film
SEC. 33.101.
Scope ........................................
114
33.102.
Permits .......................................
114
33.103.
Buildings .....................................
114
33.104.
Storage and Handling ............................
114
ARTICLE 34. Automobile Wrecking Yards, Junk or Waste Material
Handling Plants
SEC. 34.101.
General .......................................
115
34.102.
Permits .......................................
115
34.103.
Storage .......................................
115
34.104.
Burning Operations .............................
115
34.105.
Picking Rooms .................................
115
34.106.
Welding and Cutting ............................
115
34.107.
Access to Area .................................
115
ARTICLE 35. Covered Mail Buildings
SEC. 35.101.
Scope ........................................
116
35.102.
Definitions ....................................
116
35.103.
Permits .......................................
116
35.104.
General Requirements ...........................
116
35.105.
Temporary Structures ...........................
117
35.106.
Temporary Public Assemblies .....................
117
ARTICLE 36. Dry
Cleaning with Noncombustible Solvents
SEC. 36.101.
Scope ........................................
118
36.102.
Permits .......................................
118
36.103.
Equipment ....................................
118
Part V—Special Processes
. ARTICLE 45. Application of Flammable Finishes
All
Page
DIVISION 1.
General Provisions ...........................
119
SEC. 45.101.
Scope ........................................
119
45.102.
Permits .......................................
119
45.103.
Smoking Prohibited .............................
119
45.104.
Welding Warning Signs ..........................
119
45.105.
Electric Wiring and Equipment ....................
120
DIVISION 11.
Spray Finishing ..............................
120
SEC. 45.201.
Definitions ....................................
120
45.202.
Location of Spray -finishing Operations .............
120
45.203.
Spray Booths ..................................
120
45.204.
Dry -type Overspray Collectors (Exhaust Air Filters) ...
121
45.205.
Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition .............
121
45.206.
Ventilation of Spray Booths and Spray -finishing Areas .
122
45.207.
Limited Spraying Areas ..........................
124
45.208.
Storage and Handling of Flammable or Combustible
Liquids ....... ...............................
124
45.209.
Fire Protection Equipment ........................
125
45.210.
Operations and Maintenance ......................
125
45.211.
Drying Apparatus ..............................
125
DIVISION Ill.
Dip Tanks ....................................
126
SEC. 45.301.
Location of Dip Thnk Operations ...................
126
45.302.
Ventilation of Vapor Areas ........................
127
45.303.
Construction of Dip Tanks ........................
127
45.304.
Storage and Handling of Flammable or Combustible
Liquids .......................................
127
45.305.
Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition .............
127
45.306.
Operations and Maintenance ......................
128
45.307.
Fire -extinguishing Equipment .....................
128
45.308.
Dip Tank Covers ...............................
128
45.309.
Hardening and Tempering Tanks ...................
128
45.310.
Coating Operations .............................
129
DIVISION IV.
Electrostatic Apparatus .......................
129
SEC. 45.401.
Equipment lype and Location .....................
129
45.402.
Controls ......................................
130
45.403.
Guards and Signs ...............................
130
45.404.
Maintenance ...................................
130
45.405.
Ventilation ....................................
130
DIVISION V.
Automobile Undercoating .....................
130
SEC. 45.501.
Operations Included .............................
130
DIVISION VI.
Powder Coating ..............................
131
SEC. 45.601.
Dry Powder Application .........................
131
45.602.
Location and Construction of Powder Coating Rooms
and Booths ....................................
131
45.603.
Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition .............
131
45.604.
Ventilation ....................................
131
45.605.
Drying, Curing or Fusion Equipment ...............
131
45.606.
Operation and Maintenance .......................
131
45.607.
Fixed Electrostatic Spraying Equipment .............
132
45.608.
Electrostatic Fluidized Beds ......................
132
AV
Page
DIVISION VII. Organic Peroxides and Dual Component
Coatings ....................................
132
SEC. 45.701.
General .......................................
132
45.702.
Use of Organic Peroxide Coatings ..................
133
45.703.
Storage .......................................
133
45.704.
Handling .....................................
133
45.705.
Mixing .......................................
133
45.706.
Smoking ......................................
133
45.707.
Personnel Qualifications .........................
133
ARTICLE 46. Fruit -ripening Processes
SEC. 46.101.
Scope ........................................
134
46.102.
Permits .......................................
134
46.103.
Use of Ethylene ................................
134
46.104.
Electrical Equipment ............................
134
46.105.
Heating .......................................
134
46.106.
Open Flames ..................................
135
46.107.
Housekeeping .................................
135
ARTICLE 47. Fumigation and Thermal Insecticidal F;Dgging
SEC. 47.101.
Scope ........................................
136
47.102.
Permits .......................................
136
47.103.
Sources of Ignition ..............................
136
47.104.
Notification of Fumigation .......................
136
47.105.
Breathing Apparatus Required .....................
136
47.106.
Watchman Required During Fumigation .............
136
47.107.
Sealing of Building .............................
136
47.108.
Warning Signs .................................
137
47.109.
Venting and Clean Up ...........................
137
47.110.
Thermal Insecticidal Fogging Liquids ...............
137
47.111.
Warehouse Fumigations ..........................
137
47.112.
Flammable Fumigants Restricted ..................
137
ARTICLE 48. Magnesium
SEC. 48.101.
Scope ........................................
141
48.102.
Permits .......................................
141
48.103.
Storage of Pigs, Ingots and Billets ..................
141
48.104.
Melting Pots ...................................
141
48.105.
Storage of Magnesium Articles in Foundries and
Processing Plants ...............................
141
48.106.
Heat -treating Ovens .............................
141
48.107.
Magnesium Processing Operations .................
141
48.108.
Fire -extinguishing Materials ......................
142
48.109.
Storage of Magnesium Articles in Warehouses and
Stores........................................
142
48.110.
Handling of Magnesium Fines (Fine Magnesium Scrap)
142
ARTICLE 49. Welding and Cutting Using Calcium Carbide and
Acetylene
SEC. 49.101.
General Requirements ...........................
143
49.102.
Piping of Oxygen and Fuel Gases ..................
143
49.103.
Manifolding of Cylinders .........................
144
49.104.
Storage of Cylinders ............................
144
49.105.
Liquid Oxygen .................................
144
xv
Page
49.106.
Hose and Hose Connections ......................
144
49.107.
General Safety Rules for Welding and Cutting ........
145
49.108.
Containers for Calcium Carbide ...................
146
49.109.
Storage of Calcium Carbide in Buildings ............
146
49.110.
Generators to be Approved .......................
147
49.111.
Generator Rooms ...............................
147
49.112.
Portable Generators .............................
147
49.113.
Protection Against Freezing .......................
147
ARTICLE 50. Manufacture of Organic Coatings
SEC. 50.101.
Scope ........................................
148
50.102.
Definition .....................................
148
50.103.
Permits .......................................
148
50.104.
Process Buildings ...............................
148
50.105.
Storage of Raw Materials and Finished Products ......
149
50.106.
Drainage Facilities ..............................
149
50.107.
Process Mills, Mixers and Kettles ..................
150
50.108.
Process Piping .................................
150
50.109.
Transfer of Flammable and Combustible Liquids in
Process Areas ..................................
151
50.110.
Raw Materials in Process Areas ....................
151
50.111.
Electrical Equipment ............................
151
50.112.
Protection Against Static Electricity and Lightning ....
152
50.113.
Fire Protection .................................
152
50.114.
Maintenance ...................................
152
ARTICLE 51. Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities Using Hazardous
Production Materials
SEC. 51.101.
Scope ........................................
153
51.102.
Definitions ....................................
153
51.103.
Permits .......................................
154
51.104.
Sprinkler System Alarm .........................
154
51.105.
Fabrication Area ...............................
154
51.106.
Work Station Within the Fabrication Area ............
156
51.107.
Storage and Dispensing of Hazardous Production
Materials Within Fabrication Areas .................
158
51.108.
Handling of Hazardous Production Materials Within
Exit Corridors .................................
159
51.109.
Handling of Hazardous Production Materials Within
Service Corridors ...............................
160
51.110.
Storage of Hazardous Production Materials ..........
161
51.111.
Emergency Plan ................................
165
Part VI —Special Equipment
ARTICLE 61. 011-burning Equipment
SEC. 61.101.
Scope ........................................
166
61.102.
Use of Approved Equipment ......................
166
61.103.
Design, Construction and Installation ...............
166
61.104.
Electrical Wiring and Equipment ...................
166
61.105.
Fuel Oil ......................................
166
61.106.
Portable Unvented Oil -burning Heating Appliances ....
166
XV1
Page
ARTICLE 62. Industrial Baking and Drying Ovens
SEC. 62.101.
Scope ........................................
167
62.102.
Permits and Plans Required .......................
167
62.103.
Location and Construction ........................
167
62.104.
Ventilation ....................................
168
62.105.
Safety Controls ................................
168
ARTICLE 63. Mechanical Refrigeration
SEC. 63.101.
Scope ........................................
169
63.102.
Classifications ..................................
169
63.103.
Permits .......................................
170
63.104,
Installation and Maintenance ......................
170
63.105.
Access .......................................
170
63.106.
Instructions ...................................
170
63.107.
Emergency Signs and Labels ......................
170
63.108.
Diffusion Systems ..............................
170
Part VII—Special Subjects
ARTICLE 74. Compressed Gases
DIVISION 1.
General Provisions ...........................
172
SEC. 74.101.
Scope ........................................
172
74.102.
Definitions ....................................
172
74.103.
Permits .......................................
172
74.104.
Storage Containers ..............................
172
74.105.
Cylinder Systems for Compressed Gases ............
172
74.106.
Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites ............
172
74.107.
Storage and Use of Cylinders ......................
173
74.108.
General Safety Regulations .......................
173
DIVISION II.
Medical ......................................
173
SEC. 74.201.
Scope .................. .....................
173
74.202.
Definitions ....................................
173
74.203.
Storage, Handling and Use .......................
173
74.204.
Nonflammable Medical Gas System ................
173
74.205.
Pipe Distribution ...............................
177
74.206.
Shutoff Valves .................................
179
74.207.
Station Outlets .................................
180
74.208.
Testing of Piping ...............................
180
74.209.
Cross -connection Testing .........................
181
74.210.
Purging .......................................
181
74.211.
Warning Systems ...............................
181
74.212.
Fire Protection .................................
181
ARTICLE 75. Cryogenic Fluids
DIVISION 1.
General .....................................
182
SEC. 75.101.
Scope ........................................
182
75.102.
Definitions ....................................
182
75.103.
Permits .......................................
184
75.104.
Approval of Containers, Equipment and Devices ......
184
75.105.
Electrical Equipment ............................
184
75.106.
Electrical Grounding or Bonding ...................
184
Xvil
Page
75.107. Warning Labels ................................ 184
75.108. Dispensing Areas ............................... 185
75.109. Fire Protection ................................. 185
DIVISION II.
Containers ..................................
185
SEC. 75.201.
Container Design, Construction and Testing ..........
185
75.202.
Container Pressure -relief Devices ..................
185
75.203.
Pressure -relief Vent Piping .......................
186
75.204.
Insulation .....................................
186
75.205.
Nameplate ....................................
186
DIVISION Ill.
Storage .....................................
186
SEC. 75.301.
Installation of Aboveground Containers .............
186
75.302.
Drainage for Aboveground Containers ..............
187
75.303.
Location of Aboveground Containers with Respect to
Exposure .....................................
187
75.304.
Installation of Belowground Concrete Containers ......
190
75.305.
Installation of Cryogenic In -ground Containers .......
190
75.306.
Location of Belowground and In -ground Containers with
Respect to Exposure .............................
190
75.307.
Location in Areas Containing Other Flammable
Materials .....................................
190
DIVISION IV.
Piping, Process and Accessory Equipment at
Manufacturing Facilities and Consumer Sites ...
191
SEC. 75.401.
Piping, Materials and Construction .................
191
75.402.
Valves and Accessory Equipment ..................
191
DIVISION V.
Handling, Loading and Unloading .............
192
SEC. 75.501.
Loading and Unloading Area ......................
192
DIVISION VI.
Transportation ...............................
192
SEC. 75.601.
Containers, Tanks and Vessels .....................
192
75.602.
Vehicles ......................................
192
ARTICLE 76. Prevention of Dust Explosions
SEC. 76.101.
Definition .....................................
193
76.102.
Permits .......................................
193
76.103.
General Requirements ...........................
193
ARTICLE 77. Explosives and Blasting Agents
DIVISION 1.
General .....................................
194
SEC. 77.101.
Scope ........................................
194
77.102.
Exceptions ....................................
194
77.103.
Definitions ....................................
194
77.104.
Permits .......................................
194
77.105.
Bond Required .................................
195
77.106.
General Requirements ...........................
196
DIVISION [I.
Storage .....................................
196
SEC. 77.201.
Storage of Explosives ...........................
196
77.202.
Gunpowder ...................................
201
77.203.
Class I Magazines ..............................
201
77.204.
Class 11 Magazines ..............................
203
xvill
Page
DIVISION Ill.
Use, Handling and Transportation .............
203
SEC. 77.301.
Use and Handling of Explosives ...................
203
77.302.
Transportation of Explosives ......................
204
77.303.
Explosives and Blasting Agents at Terminals .........
206
77.304.
Blasting Agents, General .........................
207
77.305.
Mixing Blasting Agents ..........................
207
77.306.
Transportation of Blasting Agents ..................
208
77.307.
Seizure of Explosives and Blasting Agents ...........
208
DIVISION IV.
Manufacturing, Assembling and Testing .......
208
SEC. 77.401.
Manufacturing, Assembling and Testing .............
208
77.402.
Plans of Plant ..................................
209
77.403.
Training ......................................
209
77.404.
Emergency Procedure ...........................
209
77.405.
Intraline Distance ...............................
209
77.406.
Intraline Separation of Operating Building ...........
209
77.407.
Operation —Buildings and Equipment ...............
210
77.408.
Explosive Operations ............................
211
77.409.
Location of Explosive Detonations for Testing ........
212
77.410.
Disposal of Waste Explosives and Fireworks .........
213
ARTICLE 78. Fireworks
SEC. 78.101.
Definition .....................
214
78.102.
Permits for Manufacturing, Sale and i6i*:sc'h' a*r'g*e'
214
78.103.
Bond for Fireworks Display Required ...............
214
78.104.
Disposal of Unfired Fireworks ....................
214
78.105.
Exception .....................................
214
78.106.
Seizure of Fireworks ............................
214
ARTICLE 79. Flammable and Combustible Liquids
DIVISION 1.
General Provisions ...........................
215
SEC. 79.101.
Scope ........................................
215
79.102.
Definitions ....................................
216
79.103.
Permits .......................................
217
79.104.
Portable Tanks, Containers and Equipment ...........
217
79.105.
Design and Construction of Tanks ..................
218
79.106.
Change of Contents .............................
219
79.107.
Warning Labels ................................
219
79.108.
Warning Signs .................................
219
79.109.
Tank Identification ..............................
219
79.110.
Operating Heating, Lighting and Cooking Appliances. .
219
79.111.
Unlawful Sales of Flammable Liquids ...............
219
79.112.
Cleaning with Flammable Liquid ..................
219
79.113.
Waste Petroleum Products and Flammable
or Combustible Liquids ...........................
220
79.114.
Sources of Ignition ..............................
220
79.115.
Abandonment and Status of Tanks ..................
220
79.116.
Fire Protection .................................
221
DIVISION Il.
Container and Portable Tank Storage Inside
Buildings ....................................
221
SEC. 79.201.
General .......................................
221
79.202.
Inside Liquid Storage Room ......................
225
79.203.
Liquid Storage Rooms ...........................
225
79.204.
Liquid Storage Warehouses .......................
226
79.205.
Fire Protection .................................
227
XIX
Page
DIVISION Ill.
Stationary Tank Storage Inside Buildings ......
237
SEC. 79.301.
General .......................................
237
79.302.
Tank Connections ...............................
237
79.303.
Fire Protection .................................
240
DIVISION IV.
Container and Portable Tank Storage Outside
Buildings ....................................
241
SEC. 79.401.
General .......................................
241
79.402.
Plans .........................................
241
79.403.
Location on Property ............................
241
79.404.
Container and Tank Storage Near Buildings on the Same
Property ......................................
243
79.405.
Drainage ......................................
243
79.406.
Fencing and Maintenance ........................
243
79.407.
Ignition Sources ................................
243
79.408.
Outside Dispensing .............................
243
79.409.
Empty Containers and Tanks Storage ...............
243
79.410.
Fire Protection .................................
244
DIVISION V.
Stationary Tank Storage, Aboveground, Outside
of Buildings .................................
244
SEC. 79.501.
Restricted Locations ............................
244
79.502.
Design and Construction of Tanks ..................
244
79.503.
Location with Respect to Property Lines, Public Ways
and Important Buildings on the Same Property ........
244
79.504.
Spacing Between Adjacent Tanks ..................
249
79.505.
Supports, Foundations and Anchorage ..............
250
79.506.
Stairs, Platforms and Walkways ...................
251
79.507.
Drainage Dikes and Walls for Aboveground Tanks .....
251
79.508.
Tank Valves ...................................
253
79.509.
Tank Connections ...............................
253
79.510.
Fire Protection .................................
259
DIVISION VI.
Tank Storage Underground, Outside or Under
Buildings ....................................
260
SEC. 79.601.
General .......................................
260
79.602.
Design and Construction of Tanks ..................
261
79.603.
Corrosion Protection ............................
261
79.604.
Tank Connections ...............................
261
79.605.
Testing .......................................
263
DIVISION VII.
Piping, Valves and Fittings ....................
264
SEC. 79.701.
Materials and Design ............................
264
79.702.
Protection Against Corrosion and Galvanic Action .....
264
79.703.
Valves .......................................
265
79.704.
Supports ......................................
265
79.705.
Swing Joints ...................................
265
79.706.
Pipe Joints ....................................
265
79.707.
Bends ........................................
265
79.708.
Testing .......................................
266
DIVISION Vill.
Use, Dispensing and Mixing ...................
266
SEC. 79.801.
Scope ........................................
266
79.802.
Inside Operations ...............................
266
79.803.
Container -filling Facilities ........................
267
79.804.
Design and Construction of Inside Use, Dispensing and
Mixing Room ..................................
267
xx
Page
79.805.
Fire Protection .................................
268
79.806.
Dispensing Outside of Buildings ...................
268
79.807.
Loading and Unloading Facilities ..................
269
79.808.
Unloading Operations ...........................
272
DIVISION IX.
Service Stations .............................
273
SEC. 79.901.
Scope ........................................
273
79.902.
Storage .......................................
273
79.903.
Dispensing Services .............................
274
79.904.
Pressure Delivery Service Stations .................
278
79.905.
Electrical Equipment ............................
279
79.906.
Heating Equipment .............................
282
79.907.
Drainage and Waste Disposal ......................
282
79.908.
Fire Protection .................................
283
79.909.
Service Stations Located Inside Buildings ............
283
79.910.
Marine Service Stations ..........................
284
79.911.
Fire Protection .................................
287
79.912.
Vapor Recovery ................................
287
DIVISION X.
Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
on Farms and Construction Projects ...........
290
SEC. 79.1001.
Scope ........................................
290
79.1002.
Permits .......................................
291
79.1003.
Combustibles and Open Flame Near Tanks ...........
291
79.1004.
Marking of Tanks and Containers ..................
291
79.1005.
Electrical ....................... .............
291
79.1006.
Individual Containers of 60-Gallon or Less Capacity
Each.........................................
291
79.1007.
Permanent Tanks of 6 1 - to I I 00-Gallon Capacity and
Temporary Tanks Not Exceeding I 0,000-Gallon
Capacity ......................................
291
DIVISION XI.
Well -drilling Operations .......................
293
SEC. 79.1101.
Scope ........................................
293
79.1102.
Permits .......................................
293
79.1103.
Location of Well ...............................
293
79.1104.
Waste Control ..................................
293
79.1105.
Sumps .......................................
294
79.1106.
Prevention of Blowouts ..........................
294
79.1107.
Storage Tanks .................................
294
79.1108.
Soundproofing Material ..........................
294
79.1109.
Smoking ......................................
294
79.1110.
Signs ........................................
294
79.1111.
Field Loading Racks ............................
295
79.1112.
Fire Protection .................................
295
DIVISION XII.
Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible
Liquids ......................................
295
SEC. 79.1201.
Permits .................... ...
295
79.1202.
Tank Vehicle Construction ........................
295
79.1203.
Full Trailers and Semitrailers ......................
295
79.1204.
Operation of Tank Vehicles .......................
295
79.1205.
Smoking Prohibited .............................
296
79.1206.
Parking and Garaging ...........................
296
79.1207.
Fire Protection .................................
297
DIVISION XIII.
Industrial Plants .............................
297
SEC. 79.1301.
Scope ........................................
297
XXI
Page
79.1302.
Construction ..................................
298
79.1303.
Incidental Storage and Use of Liquids ...............
298
79.1304.
Ventilation ....................................
298
79.1305.
Ignition Sources ................................
298
79.1306.
Separation of Unstable Liquids ....................
298
79.1307.
Drainage ......................................
299
79.1308.
Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading ....
299
79.1309.
Electrical Equipment ............................
299
79.1310.
Repairs to Equipment ............................
301
79.1311.
Housekeeping .................................
301
79.1312.
Fire Protection .................................
301
DIVISION XIV.
Bulk Plants or Terminals ......................
302
SEC. 79.1401.
Scope ........................................
302
79.1402.
Buildings .....................................
302
79.1403.
Ventilation ....................................
302
79.1404.
Storage .......................................
302
79.1405.
Loading and Unloading Facilities ..................
302
79.1406.
Wharves ......................................
303
79.1407.
Electrical Equipment ............................
304
79.1408.
Ignition Sources ................................
307
79.1409.
Drainage and Waste Disposal ......................
307
79.1410.
Fire Protection .................................
307
DIVISION XV.
Chemical and Processing Plants ..............
307
SEC. 79.1501.
Scope ........................................
307
79.1502.
Construction ..................................
307
79.1503.
Location of Processing Vessel .....................
308
79.1504.
Drainage ......................................
308
79.1505.
Ventilation ....................................
308
79.1506.
Explosion Relief ...............................
309
79.1507.
Storage of Liquids ..............................
309
79.1508.
Piping, Valves and Fittings .......................
309
79.1509.
Transfer ......................................
309
79.1510.
Equipment ....................................
309
79.1511.
Loading and Unloading Facilities ..................
309
79.1512.
Dispensing ....................................
309
79.1513.
Ignition Sources ................................
310
79.1514.
Housekeeping .................................
310
79.1515.
Maintenance and Repair .........................
310
79.1516.
Electrical Equipment ............................
310
79.1517.
Fire Protection .................................
310
DIVISION XVI.
Refineries and Distilleries .....................
310
SEC. 79.1601.
Scope ........................................
310
79.1602.
Locations .....................................
311
79.1603.
Manner of Storage ..............................
311
79.1604.
Storage Tanks ..................................
311
79.1605.
Pressure Vessels ................................
311
79.1606.
Location of Process Units ........................
311
79.1607.
Fence ........................................
.311
79.1608.
Smoking ......................................
311
79.1609.
Waste Combustibles .............................
311
79.1610.
Fire Protection .................................
311
DIVISION XVII.
Transportation Pipeline a ......................
312
SEC. 79.1701.
Permits .......................................
312
XXII
Page
DIVISION XVIII.
Dry Cleaning with Flammable or Combustible
Liquids ......................................
312
SEC. 79.1801.
Scope ........................................
312
79.1802.
Plant and System Classification ....................
312
79.1803.
Permits .......................................
312
79.1804.
Solvents ......................................
312
79.1805.
Prohibited Liquids ..............................
313
79.1806.
Occupancy Requirements ........................
313
79.1807.
Ventilation ....................................
314
79.1808.
Heating Equipment .............................
314
79.1809.
Electrical Equipment and Lighting .................
314
79.1810.
Solvent Containers, Tanks and Transferring Equipment.
314
79.1811,
Dry-cleaning Units .............................
315
79.1812.
Stills .........................................
316
79.1813.
Drying Tumblers and Cabinets ....................
316
79.1814.
Bonding and Grounding ..........................
317
79.1815.
Scouring, Brushing and Spotting ..................
317
79.1816.
Fire Protection .................................
317
79.1817.
Smoking ......................................
317
ARTICLE 80. Hazardous Materials
DIVISION 1.
General Provisions ...........................
318
SEC. 80.101.
Scope ........................................
318
80.102.
Definitions ....................................
318
80.103.
Permits .......................................
320
80.104.
General Requirements ...........................
321
80.105.
Construction Requirements .......................
322
80.106.
Personnel Training and Written Procedures ...........
322
80.107.
Facility Closure Plan ............................
322
80.108.
Out -of -service Facilities .........................
323
DIVISION Il.
Classification by Hazard ......................
323
SEC. 80.201:
Scope ........................................
323
80.202.
Hazard Categories ..............................
323
80.203.
Appendix .....................................
324
DIVISION Ill.
Storage Requirements ........................
324
SEC. 80.301.
General .......................................
324
80.302.
Explosives and Blasting Agents ....................
330
80.303.
Compressed Gases ..............................
331
80.304.
Flammable/Combustible Liquids ...................
335
80.305.
Flammable Solids ..............................
336
80.306.
Liquid and Solid Oxidizers .......................
337
80.307.
Organic Peroxides ..............................
341
80.308.
Pyrophoric Materials ............................
345
80.309.
Unstable (Reactive) Materials .....................
347
80.310.
Water -reactive Materials .........................
349
80.311.
Cryogenic Fluids ...............................
350
80.312.
Highly Toxic Solids and Liquids ...................
351
80.313.
Radioactive Materials ...........................
352
80.314.
Corrosives ....................................
354
80.315.
Other Health Hazard Solids, Liquids and Gases .......
355
DIVISION IV.
Dispensing, Use and Handling ................
357
SEC. 80.401.
General .......................................
357'
80.402.
Dispensing and Use .............................
360
80.403.
Handling .....................................
364
Xxill
Page
ARTICLE
81. High -plied Combustible Stock
SEC.
81.101.
Scope ........................................
369
81.102.
Definitions ....................................
369
81.103.
Permits .......................................
369
81.104.
Classification of Contents ........................
369
81.105.
Fire Protection .................................
371
81.106.
Automatic Fire -extinguishing Systems ..............
374
81.107.
Smoke Venting and Removal ......................
374
81.108.
Aisles ........................................
377
81.109.
Access to Building ..............................
377
81.110.
Small Hose Connections .........................
377
81.111.
High -rack Storage Systems .......................
377
ARTICLE
82. Liquefied Petroleum Gases
SEC.
82.101.
Scope ........................................
378
82.102.
Permits and Reports of Installations ................
378
82.103.
Installation of Equipment .........................
378
82.104.
Location of Containers ...........................
378
82.105.
Prohibited Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas ..........
380
82.106.
Dispensing and Overfilling .......................
380
82.107.
Safety Devices .................................
381
82.108.
Smoking and Other Sources of Ignition ..............
381
82.109.
Clearance to Combustibles .......................
381
82.110.
Protecting Containers from Vehicles ................
381
82.111.
Fire Protection .................................
381
82.112.
Storage of Portable Containers Awaiting Resale .......
382
82.113.
Containers Not in Service ........................
383
82.114.
Parking and Garaging ...........................
384
ARTICLE
83. Matches
SEC.
83.101.
Permits .......................................
385
83.102.
Wholesale Storage ..............................
385
83.103.
Storage Not to Be Near Vertical Openings ...........
385
83.104.
Match Bins Required ............................
385
83.105.
Storage by Retailers .............................
385
ARTICLE
84. Motion Picture Projection
SEC.
84.101.
Scope ........................................
386
84.102.
Projection Room ...............................
386
84.103.
Smoking ......................................
386
84.104.
Projection Equipment ...........................
386
84.105.
Film Storage and Use ............................
386
ARTICLE
85. Electrical
SEC.
85.101.
Scope ........................................
387
85.102.
Definitions ....................................
387
85.103.
Use of Temporary Wiring ........................
387
85.104.
Abatement of Electrical Hazards ...................
388
85.105.
Electrical Motors ...............................
388
85.106.
Extension Cords ................................
388
85.107.
Multiplug Adaptors .............................
388
85.108.
Access .......................................
388
85.109.
Nonapproved Appliances .........................
388
ARTICLE
86. Pe-sticides—Storage
SEC.
86.101.
Scope ........................................
389
86.102.
General Requirements ...........................
389
Xxiv
Page
86.103.
Signs ........................................
390
86.104.
Fire Protection .................................
390
86.105.
Emergency Management .........................
390
86.106.
Display .......................................
390
86.107.
Storage Areas ..................................
390
86.108.
Pesticides Stored as Compressed Gases ..............
390
ARTICLE 87. Fire Safety During Construction, Alteration, or Demolition
of a Building
SEC. 87.101. Scope ........................................ 392
87.102. Approval ..................................... 392
87.103. Fire Safety During Construction ................... 392
87.104. Alterations of Buildings .......................... 393
87.105. Fire Safety During Demolition .................... 393
Part VIII—Appendices
DIVISION 1. Regulations Applicable to Existing Buildings ...
APR I -A. Life Safety Requirements for Existing Buildings Other
than High Rise ................................. 394
I-B. Life Safety Requirements for Existing High -Rise
Buildings ..................................... 398
I-C. Stairway Identification .......................... 401
DIVISION
II.
Environmental Hazard Controls
APR
II -A.
Suppression and Control of Hazardous Fire Areas .....
403
II-B.
Protection of Flammable or Combustible Liquids in
Tanks in Locations that May Be Flooded .............
409
II-C.
Marinas ......................................
412
II-D.
Rifle Ranges ..................................
414
II-E.
Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Hazardous
Materials Inventory Statement .....................
415
DIVISION
Ill.
Fire Protection
APR
III -A.
Fire -flow Requirements for Buildings ...............
424
III-B.
Fire Hydrant Location and Distribution ..............
426
III-C.
Testing Fire -extinguishing Systems, Standpipes and
Combination Systems ...........................
428
III-D.
Basement Pipe Inlets ............................
431
DIVISION
IV.
Flammable Floor Coverings
APR
IV -A.
Interior Floor Finish .............................
432
DIVISION
V.
Standards
APR
V-A.
Nationally Recognized Standards of Good Practice ....
434
DIVISION
VI.
Informational
APR
VI -A.
Hazardous Materials Classification .................
436
VI-B.
Emergency Relief Venting for Fire Exposure
for Aboveground Tanks ..........................
450
VI-C.
Model Citation Program .........................
455
VI-D.
Reference Tables from the Uniform Building Code ....
467
VI-E.
Unit Conversion Tables ..........................
479
INDEX............................................................
483
xxv
An ordinance adopting the Uniform Fire Code and
Uniform Fire Code Standard - s prescribing
regulations governing conditions hazardous to life
and property f rom fire or explosion, providing for the
issuance of permits for hazardous uses or
operations, and establishing a bureau of fire
prevention and providing officers therefor and
defining their powers and duties
Be it ordained by the
Sec. 1. ADOPTION OF UNIFORM FIRE CODE.
There is hereby adopted by the
for the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life
and property from fire or explosion, that certain Code and Standards known as the
Uniform Fire Code, including Appendix Chapters — [insert appropriate
appendix chapters. See Uniform Fire Code Section 1.102 (c). ], and the Uniform
Fire Code Standards published by the Western Fire Chiefs Association and the
International Conference of Building Officials, being particularly the 1988 edi-
tions thereof and the whole thereof, save and except such portions as are hereinaf-
ter deleted, modified or amended by Section 7 of this ordinance three (3) copies of
which Code and Standards have been and are now filed in the office of the clerk of
and the same are hereby adopted and incorporate ' d as fully as if set out at length
herein, and from the date on which this ordinance shall take effect, the provision
thereof shall be controlling within the limits of the
Sec. 2. ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES OF BUREAU OF FIRE PRE-
VENTION.
(a) The Uniform Fire Code shall be enforced by the bureau of fire prevention (or
other designated agency) in the fire department of th
which is hereby established and which shall be operated under the supervision of
the chief of the fire department.
(b) The chief (or fire marshal) in charge of the bureau of fire prevention (or
other designated agency) shall be appointed by (name of appointing authority)
—on the basis of
examination to determine his qualifications.
(c) The chief of the fire department may detail such members of the fire
department as inspectors as shall from time to time be necessary. The chief of the
fire department shall recommend to th
the employment of technical inspectors, who, when such authorization is made,
shall be selected through an examination to determine their fitness for the
position. The examination shall be open to members and nonmembers of the fire
department, and appointments made after examination shall be for an indefinite
tenn with removal only for cause.
NOTE: The name of the proper administrative authority should be inserted in the
blank space.
XXV1
Sec. 3. DEFINITIONS.
(a) Wherever the word "jurisdiction" is used in the Uniform Fire Code, it is
NOTE: The name of the state, county, city or town or fire district should be
inserted. See Uniform Fire Code Section 9.112.
Where the chief responsible for the enforcement of the Uniform Fire Code is
given the title of "fire marshal," add the following definition:
Wherever the words "chief of the bureau of fire prevention" are used they
shall be held to mean "fire marshal."
Sec. 4. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH
STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
IN OUTSIDE ABOVEGROUND TANKSJS PROHIBITED.
The limits referred to in Section 79.501 of the Uniform Fire Code in which the
storage of flammable or combustible liquids is restricted are hereby established as
follows:
NOTE: These limits should include heavily populated and congested commercial
areas. These limits should be detailed unless such limits are established by other
regulations. It may be desirable in some jurisdictions to establish limitations based
on quantities or classes of liquids or both.
Sec. 5. ESTABLISHMENTS OF LIMITS IN WHICH STORAGE OF
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES IS TO BE RESTRICTED.
The limits referred to in Section 82.103 (a) of the Uniform Fire Code, in which
storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted, are hereby established as follows:
NOTE: These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested com-
mercial areas. These limits should be detailed unless such limits have been established
by other regulations.
Sec. 6. ESTABLISHMENTS OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH
STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS IS TO
BE PROHIBITED.
The limits referred to in Section 77.106 (b) of the Uniform Fire Code, in which
storage of explosives and blasting agents is prohibited, are hereby established as
follows:
NOTE: These limits should include the principal business district, closely built
commercial areas and heavily populated areas. These limits should be detailed
unless such limits have been established by other regulations.
Sec. 7. AMENDMENTS MADE IN THE UNIFORM FIRE CODE.
The Uniform Fire Code is amended and changed in the following
respects: Section paragraphs and
are amended as follows:
NOTE: Amendments deemed necessary should be inserted. Sections in the code
dealing with subjects covered adequately by existing local or state laws may be cited
as deleted.
xxvil
Sec. 8. APPEALS.
Whenever the chief disapproves an application or refuses to grant a permit
applied for, or when it is claimed that the provisions of the code do not apply or that
the true intent and meaning of the code have been misconstrued or wrongly
interpreted, the applicant may appeal from the decision of the chief to -
within 30 days from the date of the decision appealed.
NOTE: Fill in body to which appeal should be made. See Uniform Fire Code Section
2.303.
Sec. 9. NEW MATERIALS, PROCESSES OR OCCUPANCIES WHICH
MAY REQUIRE PERMITS.
The (administrator), the chief and the chief of the
bureau of fire prevention shall act as a committee to determine and specify, after
giving affected persons an opportunity to be heard, any new materials, processes
or occupancies for which permits are required in addition to those now enumer-
ated in said code. The chief of the bureau of fire prevention shall post such list in a
conspicuous place in his office, and distribute copies thereof to interested
persons.
Sec. 10. PENALTIES.
(a) Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this Code or Standards
hereby adopted or fail to comply therewith, or who shall violate or fail to comply
with any order made thereunder, or who shall build in violation of any detailed
statement of specifications or plans submitted and approved thereunder, or any
certificate or permit issued thereunder, and from which no appeal has been taken,
or who shall fail to comply with such an order as affirmed or modified by the
-orby acourtof competent jurisdiction, within the time fixed herein, shall
severally for each and every such violation and noncompliance, respectively, be
guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than,%
nor more than $- or by imprisonment for not less than days
nor more than days or by both such fine and imprisonment.
The imposition of one penalty for any violation shall not excuse the violation or
permit it to continue; and all such persons shall be required to correct or remedy
such violations or defects within a reasonable time; and when not otherwise
specified, each ten days that prohibited conditions are maintained shall constitute
a separate offense.
(b) The application of the above penalty shall not be held to prevent the
enforced removal of prohibited conditions.
Sec. 11. REPEAL OF CONFLICTING ORDINANCES.
All former ordinances or parts thereof conflicting or inconsistent with the
provisions of this ordinance or of the Code or Standards hereby adopted are
hereby repealed.
NOTE: In some jurisdictions, reference to specific laws that are amended or
repealed is preferred or may be required.
See. 12. VALIDITY.
The hereby declares
that should any section, paragraph, sentence or word of this ordinance or of the
Xxviii
Code or Standards hereby adopted be declared for any reason to be invalid, it is
the intent of that
it would have passed all other portions of this ordinance independent of the
elimination herefrorn of any such portion as may be declared invalid.
Sec. 13. DATE OF EFFECT.
This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after its approval as
required by law.
ORDINANCE NO. 3020
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH AMENDING
THE HUNTINGTON BEACH MUNICIPAL CODE BY REPEALING
CHAPTER 17.56 THEREOF, AND ADDING THERETO NEW
CHAPTER 17.56 ENTITLED, "UNIFORM FIRE CODE"
The City Council of the City of Huntington Beach does
ordain as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 17.56 of the Huntington Beach
Municipal Code is hereby repealed.
SECTION 2. The Huntington Beach Municipal Code is
hereby amended by adding thereto new Chapter 17.56 entitled,
"Uniform Fire Code," to read as follows:
17.56.010 Adoption. There is adopted by the City
Council, for the purpose of prescribing regulations governing
conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or
explosion, that certain code and standards known as the Uniform
Fire Code, including Appendices I -A, I-B, I-C, II -A, II-C,
II-E, III -A, III-C, IV -A and VI -A and amendments thereto,
published by the Western Fire Chiefs Association and the
International Conference of Building Officials, being
particularly the 1988 edition thereof and the 1989 supplement
to the Uniform Fire Code and the whole thereof, save and except
those portions as are hereinafter modified or amended, of which
code and standards not less than one (1 ) copy has been and is
now filed in the office of the city clerk, and the same is
hereby adopted and incorporated as fully as if set out at
length herein, and from the date on which such Uniform Fire
Code shall take effect, the provisions thereof shall be
controlling within the limits of the city of Huntington Beach
and shall hereinafter be referred to in this chapter as the
Huntington Beach Fire Code. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord. 2638,
9/83; Ord. 2430, 7/80; Ord. 2188, 6/77; Ord. 1900, 3/74;
Ord. 1414, 6/68; Ord. 1131, 4/65)
17.56.020 Definition. Wherever the word "jurisdiction"
is used in the Huntington Beach Fire Code, it shall mean the
City of Huntington Beach. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord. 2638,
9/83; Ord. 2430, 7/80; Ord. 2188, 6/77; Ord. 1414, 6/68;
Ord. 1131, 4/65)
XXIX-1
17.56.030 Appeals. Whenever the Chief of the Fire
Department shall disapprove an application or refuse to grant a
permit applied for, or when it is claimed that provisions of
this code do not apply, or that the true intent and meaning of
this code has been misconstrued or wrongly interpreted, the
applicant or permittee may appeal from the decision of the
Chief of Fire Department to the Huntington Beach appeals board
within thirty (30) days from the date of the decision
appealed. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord 2638, 9/83; Ord. 2430,
7/80; Ord. 2188, 6/77; Ord. 1900, 3/74; Ord. 1414, 6/68)
17.56.040 New materials, processes or occupancies —
Permits. The City Administrator, the Chief of the Fire
Department, and the Chief of the Fire Prevention Division shall
act as a committee to determine and specify, after giving
affected persons an opportunity to be heard, any new materials,
processes or occupancies which shall require permits in
addition to those new enumerated in this code. The Chief of
the Fire Prevention Division shall post such list in a
conspicuous place in his office, and distribute copies to
interested persons. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord. 2638, 9/83;
Ord. 2430, 7/80; Ord. 2188, 6/77; Ord. 1900, 3/74; Ord. 1414,
6/68)
XXIX-2
1988 EDITION 1.101-1.103
PARTI
ADMINISTRATIVE
ARTICLE 1
TITLE, INTENT AND SCOPE
Title
Sec. 1. 101. This code shall be known as the UNIFORM FIRE CODE, may be
cited as such, and will be referred to herein as "this code."
Intent
See. 1.102. (a) General. It is the intent of this code to prescribe regulations
consistent with nationally recognized good practice for the safeguarding to a
reasonable degree of life and property from the hazards of fire and explosion
arising from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and
devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the use or occupancy
of buildings or premises.
(b) Nationally Recognized Standards. Where no applicable standards or
requirements are set out in this code, or contained within other laws, codes,
regulations, ordinances or bylaws adopted by the authority having jurisdiction,
compliance with applicable standards of the National Fire Protection Association
or other nationally recognized fire -safety standards as are approved by the chief
shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance with the intent of this code.
Nothing herein shall derogate from the power of the authority having jurisdiction
to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or installa-
tions within its jurisdiction or responsibility.
(c) Whenever in this code reference is made to the appendix, the provisions in
the appendix shall not apply unless specifically adopted.
Scope
Sec. 1. 103. (a) General. The provisions of this code shall supplement any and
all laws relating to fire safety and shall apply to all persons without restriction,
unless specifically exempted.
(b) Existing Conditions. The provisions of this code shall apply to existing
conditions as well as to conditions arising after the adoption thereof, except that
conditions legally in existence at the adoption of this code and not in strict
compliance therewith shall be permitted to continue only if, in the opinion of the
chief, they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.
(c) Conflicting Provisions. Where there is a conflict between a general re-
quirement and a specific requirement for an individual occupancy, the specific
requirement shall be applicable.
2.101-2.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 2
ORGANIZATION, AUTHORITY, DUTIES
AND PROCEDURES
Division I
ORGANIZATION AND AUTHORITY
Responsibility for Enforcement
See. 2.101. The chief shall be responsible for the administration and enforce-
ment of this code. Under his direction, the fire department shall enforce all
ordinances of the jurisdiction pertaining to:
1. The prevention of fires.
2. The suppression or extinguishing of dangerous or hazardous fires.
3. The storage, use and handling of explosive, flammable, combustible, toxic,
corrosive and other hazardous gaseous, solid and liquid materials.
4. The installation and maintenance of automatic, manual and other private fire
alarm systems and fire -extinguishing equipment.
5. The maintenance and regulation of fire escapes.
6. The maintenance of fire protection and the elimination of fire hazards on
land and in buildings, structures and other property, including those under con-
struction.
7. The maintenance of exits.
8. The investigation of the cause, origin and circumstances of fire.
Rules and Regulations
See. 2.102. The chief, with the approval of the administrator, is authorized to
make and enforce such rules and regulations for the prevention and control of fires
and fire hazards as may be necessary from time to time to carry out the intent of
this code. A minimum of one certified copy or the number required by governing
law of such rules and regulations shall be filed with the clerk of the jurisdiction
and shall be in effect immediately thereafter and additional copies shall be kept in
the office of the fire department for distribution to the public.
Fire Prevention Bureau
Sec. 2.103. A fire prevention bureau is established within the fire department
under the direction of the fire chief, which shall consist of such fire department
personnel as may be assigned thereto by the fire chief. The function of this bureau
shall be to assist the fire chief in the administration and enforcement of the fire
prevention provisions of this code.
Fire Prevention Engineer or Fire Marshal
See. 2.104. The chief may designate a member of the fire department to
exercise the powers and perform the duties of fire prevention engineer as set forth
in this code. He may also be known as fire marshal.
1988 EDITION 2.105-2.109
Authority of Fire Personnel to Exercise Powers of Police Officers 46
Sec. 2.105. The chief and members of the fire prevention bureau shall have the
powers of a police officer in performing their duties under this code.
Authority of Police Personnel to Assist In Enforcing This Code
Sec. 2.106. Whenever requested to do so by the chief, or his authorized
representative, the chief of police shall assign such available police officers as in
his discretion may be necessary to assist the fire department in enforcing the
provisions of this code.
Right of Entry
Sec. 2.107. Whenever necessary to make an inspection to enforce any of the
provisions of this code, or whenever the chief or his authorized representative has
reasonable cause to believe that there exists in any building or upon any premises
any condition which makes such building or premises unsafe, the chief or his
authorized representative may enter such building or premises at all reasonable
times to inspect the same or to perform any duty imposed upon -the chief by this
code, provided that if such building or premises be occupied, he shall first present
proper credentials and demand entry; and if such building or premises be unoccu-
pied, he shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the owner or other persons
having charge or control of the building or premises and demand entry. If such
entry is refused, the chief or his authorized representative shall have recourse to
every remedy provided by law to secure entry.
"Authorized representative" shall include the officers named in Sections
2.104, 2.105 and 2.106 of this code.
If the owner or occupant denies entry, the chief or his authorized representative
shall obtain a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure
entry. No owner or occupant or any other persons having charge, care or control of
any building or premises shall fail or neglect, after proper request is made as
herein provided, to promptly permit entry therein by the chief or his authorized
representative for the purpose of inspection and examination pursuant to this
code
for Damages
16
Sec. 2.108. This code shall not be construed to hold the public entity or any
officer or employee responsible for any damage to persons or property by reason
of the inspection or reinspection authorized herein provided or by reason of the
approval or disapproval of any equipment or process authorized herein, or for any
action in connection with the control or extinguishment of any fire or in connec-
tion with any other official duties.
Validity
Sec. 2.109. If any provision of this code or the application thereof to any person
or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the code and the application of
such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
2.201-2.204
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Division 11
DUTIES AND PROCEDURES
Inspections and Unsafe Buildings
Sec. 2.201. (a) Inspection. The fire prevention bureau shall inspect, as often as
may be necessary, all buildings and premises, including such other hazards or
appliances as the chief may designate for the purpose of ascertaining and causing
to be corrected any conditions which would reasonably tend to cause fire or
contribute to its spread, or any violation of the purpose or provisions of this code
and of any other law or standard affecting fire safety.
(b) Unsafe Buildings. All buildings or structures which are structurally unsafe
or not provided with adequate egress, or which constitute a fire hazard or are
otherwise dangerous to human life, or which in relation to existing use constitute a
hazard to safety or health or public welfare, by reason of inadequate maintenance,
dilapidation, obsolescence, fire hazard, disaster damage or abandonment as
specified in this code or any other effective ordinance, are, for the purpose of this
section, unsafe buildings. All such unsafe buildings are hereby declared to be
public nuisances and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or
removal in accordance with the procedure specified in Chapters 4 through 9 of the
Uniform Code for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings or by any other proce-
dures provided by law.
Investigations X
Sec. 2.202.- The fire department shall investigate promptly the cause, origin
and circumstances of each and every fire occurring in the jurisdiction involving
loss of life or injury to person or destruction or damage to property and, if it
appears to the bureau of investigation that such fire is of suspicious origin, they
shall then take immediate charge of all physical evidence relating to the cause of
the fire and shall pursue the investigation to its conclusion.
The police department shall assist the fire department in its investigations
whenever requested to do so, unless otherwise directed by the chief of police.
Records and Reports
Sec. 2.203. (a) Fire Occurances. The fire department shall keep a record of all
fires occurring within its jurisdiction and of all facts concerning the same,
including statistics as to the extent of such fires and the damage caused thereby,
together with such other information as may be required by the chief.
(b) Record Retention. The fire prevention bureau shall retain for not less than
three years a record of each inspection and investigation made showing the cause,
the findings and disposition of each such inspection or investigation.
Orders, Notices and Tags
Sec. 2.204. (a) General. Whenever the chief or his duly authorized representa-
tive shall find in any building or on any premises combustible, hazardous or
explosive materials or dangerous accumulations of rubbish; or unnecessary accu-
ARTICLE 2
Sec. 2.108, page 3. Revise as follows:
LIABILITY
Sec. 2.108. The chief, or his authorized
representative charged with the control or extinguishment of
any fire, the enforcement of this code or any official duties,
acting in good faith and without malice in the discharge of his
duties, shall not thereby render himself personally liable for
any damage that may accrue to persons or property as a result
of any act or by reason of any act or omission in the discharge
of his duties. Any suit brought against the chief or autho-
rized representative because of such act or omission performed
by him in the enforcement of any provision of such codes or
other pertinent laws or ordinances implemented through the
enforcement of this code or enforced by the code enforcement
agency shall be defended by this jurisdiction until final
termination of such proceedings, and any judgment resulting
therefrom shall be assumed by this jurisdiction.
This code shall not be construed to relieve from or
lessen the responsibility of any person owning, operating or
controlling any building or structure for any damages to
persons or property caused by defects, nor shall the code
enforcement agency or its pa�rent jurisdiction be held as
assuming any such liability by reason of the inspections
authorized by this code or any permits or certificates issued
under this code.
3.1
1988 EDITION 2.204-2.205
mulations of wastepaper, boxes, shavings or any highly flammable materials
which are so situated as to endanger life or property; or shall find obstructions to
or on fire escapes, stairs, passageways, doors or windows that reasonably tend to
interfere with the operations of the fire department or the egress of the occupants
of such building or premises; or shall find that the effectiveness of any exit door,
attic separation or any fire separation wall is reduced; or shall find that this code is
being violated, he shall issue such orders as may be necessary for the enforcement
of the fire prevention laws and ordinances governing the same and for the
safeguarding of life and property from fire.
M,
-(b) Unsafe Heating or Electrical Equipment and Structural Hazards.
Whenever the chief or his duly authorized representative deems any chimney,
smokestack, stove, oven, incinerator, furnace or other heating device, electric
fixture or any appurtenance thereto, or anything regulated under a nationally
approved standard in or upon any building, structure or premises not specifically
mentioned in this code, to be defective or unsafe so as to create an immediate
hazard, he shall serve upon the owner or the person having control of the property
a written notice to repair or alter as necessary and shall notify any other authority
enforcing codes regulating such equipment. He may affix a condemnation tag
prohibiting the use thereof until such repairs or alterations are made. When
affixed, such tag may be removed only by the order of the chief or his duly
authorized representative and may be removed only when the hazard to which the
order pertains has been eliminated in an approved manner. Until removed, that
item or device which has caused the hazard shall not be used or be permitted to be
used.
When an apparent structural hazard is caused by the faulty installation, opera-
tion or malfunction of any of the hereinabove mentioned items or devices, the
chief shall immediately notify the building official who shall investigate such
hazard and shall cause such hazard to be abated as required under the Building
Code.
(c) Stopping Uses, Evacuation. The chief may order the operation or use
stopped, or the evacuation, of any premises, building or vehicle or portion thereof
which has or is a fire hazard.
(d) Every order or notice shall set forth a time limit for compliance dependent
upon the hazard and danger created by the violation.
Service of Orders and Notices
Sec. 2.205. Any order or notice authorized or required by this code shall be
Qgiven or served upon the owner, operator, occupant or other person responsible for
the condition or violation either by verbal notification, personal service, or by
delivering the same to and leaving it with some person of suitable age and
discretion upon the premises; or, if no such person is found on the premises, by
affixing a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on the door to the entrance of said
premises and by mailing a copy thereof to such person by registered or certified
mail to his last known address. Orders or notices which are given verbally shall be
confirmed by service in writing as herein provided.
2.301-2.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Division III
SPECIAL PROCEDURES
Alternate Materials and Methods
Sec. 2.301. (a) Practical Difficulties. The chief may modify any of the
provisions of this code upon application in writing by the owner or lessee or his
duly authorized representative where there are practical difficulties in the way of
carrying out the strict letter of the code, provided that the spirit of the code shall be
complied with, public safety secured and substantial justice done. The particulars
of such modification shall be granted or allowed and the decision of the chief shall
be entered upon the records of the department and a signed copy shall be furnished
the applicant.
(b) Alternate Materials. The chief on notice to the building department may
approve any alternate material or method, provided he finds that the proposed
design, use or operation satisfactorily complies with the intent of this code and
that the material, method of work performed or operation is, for the purpose
intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength,
effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety, provided, however, that any
approval under the authority herein contained shall be subject to the approval of
the building official whenever the alternate material or method involves matters
regulated by the Building Code.
(c) Proof of Compliance. The chief may require tests as proof of compliance
with the intent of this code, such tests to be made by an approved agency at the
expense of the person requesting approval of the alternate material or method of
construction.
Assistance
Sec. 2.302. If technical expertise is unavailable within the department to
determine the acceptance of technologies, processes, products, facilities, materi-
als and uses attending the design, operation or use of a building or premises
subject to the inspection of the department, the chief may require the owner or the
person in possession or control of the building or premises to provide, without
charge to the department, a technical opinion and report. The opinion and report
shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire -safety
specialty organization acceptable to the chief and the owner and shall analyze the
fire -safety properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises
and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon, to recommend the necessary
changes.
Board of Appeals
Sec. 2.303. In order to determine the suitability of alternate materials and type
of construction and to provide for reasonable interpretations of the provisions of
this code, there shall be and hereby is created a Board of Appeals consisting of f ive
members who are qualified by experience and training to pass upon pertinent
matters. The fire chief shall be an ex officio member and shall act as secretary of
Sec. 2.204(b), page 5. Delete "immediate."
Sec. 2.205, page 5. Add a section as follows and renumber
current Section 2.205:
CHANGE IN USE
Sec. 2.205. No change shall be made in the character of
occupancies or use of any building which would place the
building in a different division of the same group of occupancy
or in a different group of occupancies, unless approved by the
building official.
Sec. 2.302, page 6. Revise as follows:
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Sec. 2.302. To determine the acceptability of technologies,
processes, products, facilities, materials and uses attending
the design, operation or use of a building or premises subject
to the inspection of the department, the chief may require the
owner or the person in possession or control of the building or
premises to provide, without charge to the department, a
technical opinion and report. The opinion and report shall be
prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or
fire -safety specialty organization acceptable to the chief and
the owner and shall analyze the fire -safety properties of the
design, operation or use of the building or premises and the
facilities and appurtenances situated thereon, to recommend the
necessary changes.
6.1
1988 EDITION 2.303-2.304
the board. The Board of Appeals shall be appointed by the executive body and
shall hold office at their pleasure. The board shall adopt reasonable rules and
regulations for conducting its investigations and shall render all decisions and
findings in writing to the fire chief, with a duplicate copy to the appellant, and
may recommend to the executive body such new legislation as is consistent
therewith.
Standards
Sec. 2.304. (a) Uniform Fire Code Standards. The Uniform Fire Code
Standards referenced in this code are those standards contained in the Uniform
Fire Code Standards, 1988 edition, published by the Western Fire Chiefs Associa-
tion and the International Conference of Building Officials as listed below. The
Uniform Fire Code Standards are hereby declared to be part of this code as if set
forth in full herein.
UNIFORM FIRE CODE STANDARDS
LI.F.C. STD. AND
SEC. NOS. TITLE
ARTICLE 9
9- 1; 9.108
Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester.
9-2; 9.108
Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the PenskyMartens Closed
Tester.
9-3; 9.108
Standard Method of Test for Flash Point of Aviation Turbine Fuels by
Setaflash Closed Tester.
9-4; 9.108
Standard Method of Test for Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed
Tester.
9-5; 9.124
Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid
Method).
9-6; 9.108 and 79.201 (a)
Standard Method of Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open
Cup.
ARTICLE 10
10-1; 10.303, 10.313 (d), 24.113, 30.104, 30.105, 32.109, 45.209 (b),
45.307, 79.205 (a), 79.807 (c) and 82. 111
Selection, Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of Portable
Fire Extinguishers.
2.304
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 14
14- 1; 14.103 (b)
Use of Sprinkler Alarm and Fire Alarm Systems.
ARTICLE 24
24- 1; 24.121 and 24.201
Aircraft Fueling.
ARTICLE 62
62- 1; 62. 101 and 62.105
Industrial Processing Ovens or Furnaces.
ARTICLE 74
74- 1; 74.106
Industrial and Institutional Bulk Oxygen Systems.
ARTICLE 79
79-1; 79.510 (c)
Foam Fire Protection Systems.
79-2; 79.301 (d), 79.505 (c), 79.507 (c) and 79.509 (b)
Fixed Water Spray Fire Protection Systems.
79-3; 51.102, 79.109, 80.104, 80.301 (d), 80.401 (c), 80.401 (e), 80.401 (n),
80.402 (b), 80.402 (c), 80.403, 86.103 (a) and Appendix IV -A, Section 8
Identification of the Health, Flammability and Reactivity of Hazardous
Materials.
79-4; 24.201 (a) and 79.1202
Vehicles for Transporting Flammable or Combustible Liquids.
79-5; 79.104 (a)
Portable Flammable or Combustible Liquid Tanks.
ARTICLE 81
81-1; 81.101, 81.104, 81.106, 81.108 and 8 1.110
High -piled General Storage of Combustibles in Buildings.
81-2; 79.203 (a), Table No. 79.200-D-3, 81.101, 81.104, 81.106, 81.108 and
81.110
High -piled Rack Storage of Combustibles in Buildings.
ARTICLE 82
82-1; 82.101, 82.103, 82.104, 82.106, 82.108, 82.111, 82.112 and 82.114
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage and Use.
82-2; 82.103
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Utility Plants
8
1988 EDITION
2.304
(b) Recognized Standards. Whenever this code is inapplicable for any reason
to any situation involving the protection of persons and property from the hazards
of fire and explosion, the materials, methods of construction, installations,
practices or operations necessary to provide such protection shall, to a reasonable
degree, be in accordance with nationally recognized and accepted standards,
principles and tests and generally recognized and well -established methods of fire
prevention and control. The following standards are intended for use as a guide in
the design, fabrication, testing and use of equipment regulated by this code.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE
1430 Broadway, New York, New York 100 18
ANSI STANDARDS
ANSI Al 3. 1 Identification of Piping Systems, Scheme for the, 1981
ANSI B31 Guide
ANSI B31.1 Power Piping, 1980
ANSI B31.2 Fuel Gas Piping, 1968
ANSI B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping, 1980
ANSFASME B31.4 Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping System, 1979
ANSI B31.5 Refrigeration Piping, 1974
ANSI B31.5a Refrigeration Piping, 1978
ANSI B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, 1975
AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
2101 "L" Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037
API STANDARDS
12-B Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids, 12th
Edition, January, 1977
12-D Specification for Field Large Welded Tanks for Storage of Production
Liquids, 8th Edition, January, 1977
12-F Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids,
7th Edition, January, 1977
620 Recommended Rules for Design and Construction of Large Welded, Low
Pressure Storage Tanks, June, 1978
650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, 6th Edition, 1979
1615 Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage Systems, 1979
1632 Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Pip-
ing Systems, 1983
2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks, 2nd Edition,
December, 1973
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
ASTM STANDARDS
ASTM D 3435-78 Plastic Containers for Petroleum Products
2.304 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ASTM D 5-78 Penetration of Bituminous Materials
ASTM A 395-74 Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure Reiaining Castings for Use at
Elevated Temperatures
ASTM D 4021-81 Standard Specification for Glass -Fiber -Reinforced Polyes-
ter Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017
ASMESTANDARDS
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section 1. Power Boilers 1980
Section VIII. Pressure Vessels, Divisions I or 2, 1980
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS, Bureau of Explosives
1920 "L" Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036
AAR CIRCULAR
17-E Tank Car Loading Racks, October 30, 1978
ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA
345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017
IES Lighting Handbook, 1986
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
(NIOSH)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center
for Disease Control, Cincinnati, Ohio
NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, September, 1985
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS
1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, Texas 77084
RP-01-69 (1983 Revision) Recommended Practice —Control of External Cor-
rosion of Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems
RP-02-85 Recommended Practice --Control of External Corrosion on
Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems
STEEL TANK INSTITUTE
666 Dundee Road, Suite 705, Northbrook, Illinois 60062
Standard St'_P36 Specification for Exterior Corrosion Protection of
Undergound Steel Storage Tanks, 1987
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.
333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062
UL STANDARDS
UL 25 Meters for Flammable and Combustible Liquids and LP Gas, June 25,
1979
UL 30 Metal Safety Cans, March 15, 1977
10
1988 EDITION
2.304
UL 58 Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible
Liquids, October 29, 1976
UL 79 Power Operated Pumps for Petroleum Products Dispensing Systems,
June 25, 1975
UL 80 Standard for Steel Inside Tanks for Oil -burner Fuel, July 14, 1980
UL 87 Power Operated Dispensing Devices for Petroleum Products, Novem-
ber 3, 1980
UL 142 Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combusti-
ble Liquids, December, 1972
UL 330 Gasoline Hose, August 21, 1978
UL 525 Flame Arresters for Use of Vents of Storage Tanks for Petroleum Oil
and Gasoline, August 25, 1980
UL 842 Valves for Flammable Liquids, 1980
UL 1313 Nonmetallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Products, 1982
UL 1316 Glass -Fiber -Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Pe-
troleum Products, 190
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES OF CANADA INC.
7 Crouse Road, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M I R 3A9
ULC 603. 1 -M Standard for Galvanic Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel
Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 1982
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA REGULATIONS
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC 20402
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Section 1910
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Chapter I (Department of Transporta-
tion Regulations)
11
3.101-3.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 3
COMPLIANCE WITH ORDERS AND NOTICES
Unlawful Continuance of Fire Hazard
�AIDSec. 3.101. Any person operating or maintaining any occupancy, premises or
vehicle subject to this code who shall permit any fire hazard to exist on premises
under his control or who shall fail to take immediate action to abate a fire hazard
when ordered or notifed to do so by the chief or his duly authorized representative
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
Compliance with Order or Notice
Sec. 3.102. Any order or notice issued or served as provided in this code shall
be complied with by the owner, operator, occupant or other person responsible for
the condition or violation to which the order or notice pertains. In cases of extreme
danger to persons or property immediate compliance shall be required. If the
building or other premises is owned by one person and occupied by another, under
lease or otherwise, and the order or notice requires additions or changes in the
building or premises such as would immediately become real estate and be the
property of the owner of the building or premises, such order or notice shall be
complied with by the owner unless the owner and occupant have otherwise agreed
between themselves, in which event the occupant shall comply.
Compliance with Condemnation Tag
Sec. 3.103. A building, premises or thing shall not be used when in violation of
this code as noted on a tag affixed under Section 2.204.
Removal or Destruction of Signs or Tags
Sec. 3.104. A sign or tag posted or affixed by the chief or his authorized
representative shall not be mutilated, destroyed or removed without authority to
do so.
12
17.56.050 Section 3.101 amended--Unl awful continuance of a
fire hazard ' . Section 3.101 is amended by hereby adding
subsections (a), (b), (c) to read as follows:
a. Uniform Fire Code Section 3.101(a). Except as
provided in Section 3.101(b) any person operating or
maintaining any occupancy, premises or vehicle in violation of
this code shall be guilty of an infraction.
b. Section 3.101(b). Any person who shall fail to take
immediate action to abate a Fire or Life Safety Hazard when
ordered or notified to do so by the Chief or his duly
authorized representative or who violates the following
sections of this code or the municipal code shall be guilty of
a misdemeanor:
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3.101 Unlawful continuance of a hazard
3.102 Compliance with order or notice
3.103 Compliance with condemnation tag
3.104 Destruction of signs or tags
10.102 Interference with Fire Department
10.201 Tampering with fire equipment
10.202 Tampering with fire hydrant or appliance
10.204 Tampering barricades
11.103 Discard burning objects
11.302 False alarms
77.106 Manufacturing of explosives
77.301 Use and handling
77.302 Transportation of explosives
HUNTINGTON BEACH MUNICIPAL CODE OIL
15.20.120 Wellhead Safety Equipment
15.20.130 Blowout Prevention
15.24.040 Releasing of Fluids
15.28.010 Waste Water System
15.32.020 Production Report -Failure
15.32.030 Production Report -False
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
17.56.050 Users of hazardous materials --Disclo-
sure required.
17.58.110 Identification
17.58.130 Approved key box and location
12.1
C. Each such violation will be deemed a separate
offense for each and every day or portion thereof during which
any violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
the code adopted hereby is committed, continued or permitted by
such person, firm, partnership or corporation, and shall be
deemed punishable therefor as provided in this chapter.
12.2
1988 ED11ION 4.101-4.106
ARTICLE 4
PERMITS
Scope
Sec. 4. 101. The provisions of this article apply to permits required by Section
4.108 or other provisions of this code.
Conditions of Permits
Sec. 4.102. (a) Scope. A permit shall constitute permission to maintain, store,
use or handle materials, or to conduct processes which produce conditions
hazardous to life or property, or to install equipment used in connection with such
activities. Such permission shall not be construed as authority to violate, cancel or
set aside any of the provisions of this code. Such permit shall not take the place of
any license required by law.
(b) Expiration. A permit issued under this code shall continue until revoked or
for such a period of time as designated therein at the time of issuance. It shall not
be transferable and any change in use, occupancy, operation or ownership shall
require a new permit.
(c) Compliance. All permits issued under this code shall be presumed to
contain the proviso that the applicant, his agents and employees shall carry out the
proposed activity in compliance with all the requirements of this code and any
other laws or regulations applicable thereto, whether specified or not, and in
complete accordance with the approved plans and specifications. Any permit
which purports to sanction a violation of this code or any applicable law or
regulation shall be void and any approval of plans and specifications in the
issuance of such permit shall likewise be void.
Application for Permit
Sec. 4.103. All applications for a permit required by this code shall be made to
the bureau of fire prevention in such form and detail as it shall prescribe.
Applications for permits shall be accompanied by such plans as required by the
bureau.
Inspection Required
Sec. 4.104. Before a permit may be issued, the chief or his authorized repre-
sentative shall inspect and approve the receptacles, vehicles, buildings, devices,
premises, storage spaces or areas to be used. In instances where laws or regula-
tions are enforceable by departments other than the fire department, joint ap-
proval shall be obtained from all departments concerned.
Retention of Permits
Sec. 4.105. Permits shall at all times be kept on the premises designated therein
and shall at all times be subject to inspection by an officer of the fire or police
department or other authorized persons.
Permits for the Same Location
Sec. 4.106. Whenever, under the provisions of this code, more than one permit
13
4.106-4.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
is required for the same location, such permits may be consolidated into a single
permit.
Revocation of Permits
Sec. 4.107. Any permit issued under this code may be suspended or revoked
when it is determined after a hearing by the chief that:
(a) It is used by a person other than the person to whom the permit was issued.
(b) It is used for a location other than that for which it was issued.
(c) Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit have been
violated.
(d) The permittee fails, refuses or neglects to comply with any order or notice
duly served upon him under the provisions of this code within the time provided
therein.
(e) There has been any false statement or misrepresentation as to a material fact
in the application or plans on which the permit or application was based.
Permit Required
Qdgm, Sec. 4.108. A permit shall be obtained from the bureau of fire prevention prior
to engaging in the following activities, operations, practices or functions:
a. 1. Aircraft refueling vehicles. To operate aircraft refueling vehicles. See
Section 24.202.
a. 2. Aircraft repair hangar. To use any structure as an aircraft hangar for the
purpose of servicing or repairing aircraft. See Section 24.102.
Assembly. See Places of assembly.
a.3. Automobile wrecking yard. To operate an automobile wrecking yard.
See Article 34.
b. 1. Bonfires or rubbish fires. To kindle or authorize the kindling or mainte-
nance of bonfires or rubbish fires. See Section 11. 10 1.
b.2. Bowling pin or alley refinishing. To conduct a bowling pin refinishing or
bowling alley resurfacing operation involving the use and application of flamma-
ble liquids or materials. See Article 26.
b.3. Burning in public place. To ignite or burn waste material on publicly
owned or controlled land, bridge, street or other public place which has not been
set aside by public authority for such purpose. See Section 11. 113.
c. 1. Candles and open flames in assembly areas. To use open flame or
candles in connection with assembly areas or restaurants' dining or drinking
establishments. For definition of Assembly, see Section 9.103. See Section
25.116 for open flame and candles.
ZTALLNn, c.2. Cellulose nitrate film. To store, handle, use or display cellulose nitrate
film. See Article 33.
c.3. Cellulose nitrate storage. To store or handle more than 25 pounds of
cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) for the manufacturing or assembly of articles or
parts of articles containing cellulose nitrate plastics (pyroxylin). See Article 27.
14
Sec. 4.108, page 14. Add a permit c.2 as follows and
redesignated the current c permits:
c.2. Carnivals and fairs. For permit to conduct a carnival or
fair, see Article 25, Division V. The chief may require plans
of the grounds to be submitted.
14.1
1988 EDITION 4.108
c.4. Combustible fiber storage. To store or handle combustible fibers in
quantities in excess of 100 cubic feet. See Article 28.
c.5. Combustible material storage. To store more than 2500 cubic feet gross
volume of combustible empty packing cases, boxes, barrels or similar containers,
or rubber or cork, or other similarly combustible material. See Section 11. 203.
c.6. Compressed gases. To store, transport on site, dispense, use or handle at
normal temperatures and pressures compressed gases in excess of the following
amounts:
TYPE OF GAS
AMOUNT
Flammable (except cryogenic fluids and
200 cubic feet
liquified petroleum gases)
Oxidizing (including oxygen)
500 cubic feet
Corrosive
Any amount
Highly toxic
Any amount
Radioactive
Any amount
Reactive (unstable)
Any amount
Inert
6,000 cubic feet
See Article 74, Article 80 and Article 82.
c.7. Cryogens. Except where federal or state regulations apply and except for
fuel systems of the vehicle, permits are required to produce, store or handle
cryogenic fluids (see Article 75) in excess of the following amounts:
TYPE OF CRYOGEN
INSIDE BUILDING
OUTSIDE BUILDING
Flammable
Over I gallon
60 gallons
Oxidizer
(includes oxygen)
50 gallons
50 gallons
Corrosive or highly toxic
Over I gallon
Over I gallon
Nonflammable
60 gallons
500 gallons
d. 1. Dry cleaning plants. To engage in the business of dry cleaning or to
change to a more hazardous cleaning solvent. Such permits shall prescribe the
class of system to be used. See Article 36 and Section 79.1803.
d. 2. Dust -producing operations. To operate a grain elevator, flour starch mill,
feed mill, or plant pulverizing aluminum, coal, coca, magnesium, spices, sugar
or other material producing dusts as defined in Section 76. 101.
e. 1. Explosives or blasting agents. For permits for explosives or blasting
agents, see Section 77.104.
f. 1. Fireworks. For permits for fireworks, see Article 78.
f.2. Flammable or combustible liquid pipeline operation and excavation.
To use or operate a pipeline for the transportation of flammable or combustible
liquids or to excavate or do any work below grade within 10 feet of any such
pipeline. See Section 79.1701.
15
4.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
f.3. Flammable or combustible liquids and tanks. A. To store, handle or use
Class I liquids in excess of 5 gallons in a building or in excess of 10 gallons outside
of any building, except that a permit is not required for the following:
(i) The storage or use of Class I liquids in the fuel tank of a motor vehicle,
aircraft, motorboat, mobile power plant or mobile heating plant, unless
such storage, in the opinion of the chief, would cause an unsafe condition.
(ii) The storage or use of paints, oils, varnishes or similar flammable mixtures
when such liquids are stored for maintenance, painting or similar purposes
for a period of not more than 30 days.
B. To store, handle or use Class 11 or Class 111-A liquids in excess of 25 gallons
in a building or in excess of 60 gallons outside a building, except for fuel oil used
in connection with oil -burning equipment.
C. To remove Class I or Class 11 liquids from an underground storage tank used
for fueling motor vehicles by any means other than the approved, stationary on -
site pumps normally used for dispensing purposes.
D. To install, alter or operate equipment in connection with the storage, han-
dling, use or sale of flammable or combustible liquids regulated under Article 79.
E. To install, alter, remove, abandon, place temporarily out of service or
otherwise dispose of any flammable or combustible liquid tank. See Article 79.
F To change the type of contents stored in any flammable or combustible liquid
tank to a material other than that for which the tank was designed and constructed.
f.4. Fruit ripening. To ripen fruit by the process described in Section 46.102.
f.5. Fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. To operate a business of
fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. Also to maintain a room, vault or
chamber in which a toxic flammable fumigant is used. See Article 47.
g. 1. Garages. To use any structure as a place of business for repairing motor
vehicles. See Article 29.
h. 1. Hazardous materials. To store, transport on site, dispense, use or handle
hazardous materials in excess of the following amounts:
16
1988 EDITION
4.108
TYPE OF MATERIAL
AMOUNT
Cellulose nitrate
See No. c.3
Combustible liquids
See No. f.3
Corrosive gases
See No. c.6
Corrosive liquids
55 gallons
Cryogens
See No. c.7
Flammable gases
See No. c.6
Flammable liquids
See No. f.3
Flammable solids
100 pounds
Highly toxic gases
See No. c.6
(including pesticides and fumigants)
Highly toxic liquids
Any amount
(including pesticides and fumigants)
Highly toxic solids
Any amount
(including pesticides and fumigants)
Liquefied petroleum gases
See No. 1. 1
Magnesium
See No. m. I
Nitrate film
See No. c.2
Oxidizing gases
See No. c.6
Oxidizing liquids:
Class 4
Any amount
Class 3
1 gallon
Class 2
10 gallons
Class 1
55 gallons
Oxidizing solids:
Class 4
Any amount
Class 3
50 pounds
Class 2
100 pounds
Class 1
500 pounds
Organic peroxides:
Classl
Any amount
Class II
Any amount
Class 111
10 pounds
Class IV
20 pounds
Other health hazards: Liquids
55 gallons
Solids
55 pounds
Pyrophoric materials
Any amount
Radioactive materials
See No. r. I
(including gases, liquids and solids)
Unstable (reactive) liquids:
Class 4
Any amount
Class 3
Any amount
Class 2
10 gallons
Class 1
55 gallons
Unstable (reactive) solids:
Class 4
Any amount
Class 3
Any amount
Class 2
100 pounds
Class 1
500 pounds
Water -reactive liquids:
Class 3
Any amount
Class 2
10 gallons
Class 1
55 gallons
Water -reactive solids:
Class 3
Any amount
Class 2
100 pounds
Class 1
500 pounds
See Article 80. 17
4.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
h.2. Hazardous production materials. To store, handle or use hazardous
production material regulated by Article 51 in excess of the quantities listed in
Table No. 9-A or 9-B of the Building Code.
Highly toxic pesticides. See hazardous materials.
h.3. High -piled combustible storage. To use any building or portion thereof
exceeding 2500 square feet for the storage of high -piled combustible stock. A
floor plan showing the dimensions and location of the stockpiles and aisles shall
be submitted with applications for such permits. See Article 8 1.
j. 1. Junk yards. To operate a wrecking yard, junk or waste material handling
plant. See Article 34. 2 5r (�aM"
1. 1. Liquefied petroleum gases. Except fofggregate water capacity to install
or maintain any LP -gas container or operate any tank vehicle which is used for the
transportation of LP gas. Where a single container is over 2,000-gallon water
capacity or the aggregate capacity of containers is over 4,000-gallon water
capacity, the installer shall submit plans for such permits. See Article 82.
1.2. Lumber yards. To store lumber in excess of 100,000 board feet. See
Article 30.
m. 1. Magnesium working. To melt, cast, heat treat or grind more than 10
pounds of magnesium per working day. See Article 48.
m.2. Mall, covered. To use a covered mall in the following manner:
A. Placing or constructing temporary kiosks, display booths, concession
equipment or the like in the mall.
B . To use the mall as a place of assembly.
C. To use open -flame or flame -producing devices.
D. To display any liquid or gas -fueled powered equipment.
E. To use liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and compressed
flammable gas. See Article 35.
m.3. Matches. To manufacture matches or to store matches exceeding an
aggregate 60 matchman's gross (14,400 each gross). See Article 83.
n. 1. Nitrate film. See cellulose nitrate film.
o. 1. Oil and natural gas wells. To drill, own, operate or maintain an oil or
natural gas well. Each oil and natural gas well permit shall be valid for the
calendar year for which it is issued. See Section 79.1102.
Open burning. See bonfires.
o.2. Open -flame devices in marinas. See Section 11.410.
A. To use open -flame devices for maintenance or repair of boats, slips or
wharves.
B. To use a portable barbecue, brazier or cooking device on any boat, slip or
wharf.
o.3. Organic coatings. To manufacture more than one gallon of organic
coatings in a working day. See Article 50.
18
01'
Sec.4.108, page 18. Add a permit 1.2 as fol 1 ows and
redesignate the current I permits:
1.2 Liquid -or gas -fueled vehicles or equipment in
assembly buildings. For a permit for display, competition or
demonstration of liquid -or gas -fueled vehicles or equipment in
assembly buildings, see Article 25, Division VI.
Sec. 4.108, page 18. Add permi t o. I as follows and
redesignate the current o permits:
o.1 Occupant load increase. To allow increase in
occupant load over post load limits for special situations or
events. See Section 12.204.
18.1
1988 EDITION 4.108
o.4. Ovens, industrial baking or drying. To operate an industrial baking or
drying oven regulated by this code. See Article 62.
p. 1. Parade floats. To use a parade float for public performance, presentation,
spectacle, entertainment or parade. See Section 11. 208.
p. 2. Places of assembly. To operate a place of assembly as defined in Article 9.
r. 1. Radioactive materials. To store or handle at any installation more than I
microcurie of radioactive material not contained in a field source or more than I
millicurie of radioactive material in a sealed source or sources, or any amount of
radioactive material for which a specific license from the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission is required. See Article 80.
r.2. Refrigeration equipment. To install or operate a mechanical refrigeration
unit or system. See Article 63.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Air, water or brine systems.
2. All units and systems utilizing Group I refrigerants with a refrigerant
compressor or horsepower rating of less than 100.
Rubbish fires. See bonfires.
s. 1. Spraying or dipping. To operate a spraying or dipping enterprise utilizing
flammable liquids included within the scope of Article 45. See Section 45.102.
t. 1. Tank vehicles. To operate a tank vehicle for the transportation of flamma-
ble or combustible liquids. See Article 79, Division X11.
t.2. Tents, canopies and temporary membrane air -supported structures.
To erect or operate a tent or air -supported temporary membrane structure having
an area in excess of 200 square feet, or any canopy in excess of 400 square feet,
except for structures used exclusively for camping. See Articles 12 and 32.
t. 3. Tire recapping. To operate tire recapping or rebuilding plants. See Article 3 1.
w. 1. Waste material handling plant. To operate a waste material handling
plant. See Article 34.
w.2. Welding and cutting operations. To conduct welding and/or cutting
operations in any occupancy. See Article 49.
19
9.101-9.103
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
PART II
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ARTICLE 9
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
General Provisions
Sec. 9. 101. (a) Amendments. Whenever a reference is made to any portion of
this code or any other applicable law or ordinance, the reference applies to all
amendments and additions now or hereafter made.
(b) Tenses. The present tense includes the past and future tenses and the future,
the past.
(c) Gender. The masculine gender includes the feminine and neuter.
(d) Number. The singular number includes the plural and the plural the
singular.
Definitions
Sec. 9.102. For the purpose of this code certain words and phrases are defined
and certain provisions shall be construed as herein set forth, unless it is apparent
from the context a different meaning is intended.
When terms are not defined, they shall have their ordinary accepted meanings
within the context with which they are used. Webster's Third New International
Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, copyright 198 1, shall be
considered as providing oridinarily accepted meanings.
A
See. 9.103. AAR shall mean Association of American Railroads.
AEROSOL (Flammable) is a material which is dispensed from its container as
a mist, spray or foam by propellant under pressure and which is required to be
labeled "flammable" under the U.S. Federal Hazardous Substances Act.
AGA shall mean American Gas Association.
AIA shall mean American Insurance Association.
ANSI shall mean American National Standards Institute.
API shall mean American Petroleum Institute.
ASHRAE shall mean American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -
Conditioning Engineers.
ASME shall mean American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
ASTM shall mean American Society for Testing and Materials.
ADMINISTRATOR shall mean the executive officer of the jurisdictional
area.
20
1988 EDITION 9.103-9.104
ALTER AND ALTERATION is any change, addition or modification in
construction or occupancy.
APARTMENT HOUSE is any building, or portion thereof, which contains
three or more dwelling units and, for the purposes of the code, includes residential
condominiums.
APPROVED refers to approval by the chief as the result of investigation and
tests conducted by him or by reason of accepted principles or tests by national
authorities, technical or scientific organizations.
AREA shall mean a particular extent of surface. (Also see Floor Area.)
ASPHALT KETTLE is any vessel or container used to process, heat, hold for
heating or dispense flammable or combustible roofing materials that are in liquid
form or will take that form as a result of being exposed to such vessel or container.
Q
ASSEMBLY is the gathering together of 50 or more persons for such purposes
B
as deliberation, education, instruction, worship, entertainment, amusement,
cc
ca
drinking, dining or awaiting transportation.
X
cD �a
ATMOSPHERIC TANK is a storage tank which has been designed to operate
at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 psig.
ATRIUM is an opening through two or more floor levels other than enclosed
stairways, elevators, hoistways, escalators, plumbing, electrical, air- B
conditioning or other equipment, which is closed at the top and not defined as a I
mall. Floor levels as used in this definition do not include balconies withing an B
assembly occupancy or mezzanines which comply with the Building Code re-
quirements for mezzanines.
AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM is a system which automatically
detects a fire condition and actuates a fire alarm signal device.
AUTOMATIC FIRE CHECK is a device listed for installation in communi-
cating piping carrying an explosive vapor/air mixture to prevent a flashback from
reaching the underground tanks or equipment in the piping system. These devices
shall be equipped with special elements for arresting the explosion wave which
may be already established in a pipe. These devices shall contain an automatically
operated shutoff valve to stop flow of vapor/air mixture in event of a flashback and
continued burning at the arrester element. The shutoff valve shall be capable of a
manual reset.
AUTOMATIC FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM is an approved system
of devices and equipment which automatically detects a fire and discharges an B
approved fire -extinguishing agent onto or in the area of a fire. I
B
Sec. 9.104. BALCONY, EXTERIOR EXIT, is a landing or porch projecting
from the wall of a building and which serves as an exit. The long side shall be at B
least 50 percent open, and the open area above the guardrail shall be so distributed I
as to prevent the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases. B
BARREL shall mean a volume of 42 U.S. gallons.
21
9.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
BASEMENT is any floor level below the first story in a building, except that a
floor level in a building hav ing only one floor level shall be classified as a
basement unless such floor level qualifies as a first story as defined in the
Building Code.
BELOWGROUND CONTAINER is a storage installation in which the maxi-
mum liquid level in the container is below the surrounding grade or below a
backfill berm, which is at least 10 feet wide at the top and then slopes away from
the container at a natural angle of repose or is retained 10 feet from the container
by a retaining wall and constructed of earth, concrete, solid masonry or suitable
material designed to prevent the escape of liquid.
BLASTING AGENT is any material or mixture consisting of a fuel and
oxidizer intended for blasting, not otherwise classified as an explosive, in which
none of the ingredients is classified as explosives, provided that the finished
product as mixed and packaged for use or shipment cannot be detonated by means
of a No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined. Materials or mixtures classified as
nitrocarbonitrates by the Department of Transportation regulations shall be in-
cluded in this definition.
BLASTING CAP is a shell closed at one end and containing a charge of
detonating compound which is ignited by a safety fuse. It is used for detonating
explosives.
BLEACHERS are seating facilities without backrests in which an area of 3
square feet or less is assigned per person for computing the occupant load.
BOILING POINT is the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 14.7 psia.
Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the material in question, or for
mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, for purposes of this classifi-
cation, the 10 percent point of a distillation performed in accordance with the
Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products ASTM D 86-72
may be used as the boiling point of the liquid.
BOILOVER is the expulsion of crude oil (or certain other liquids) from a
burning tank in which the light fractions of the crude oil burn off, producing a heat
wave in the residue which, on reaching a water strata, may result in the expulsion
of a portion of the contents of the tank in the form of a froth.
Btu shall mean British thermal unit —the heat necessary to raise the tempera-
ture of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
BUILDING is any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any
use or occupancy.
BUILDING CODE. See Uniform Code.
I BUILDING OFFICIAL is the official of the jurisdiction charged with the
B administration of the Buflding Code.
BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM is an assembly of equipment, such as oxygen
storage containers, pressure regulators, safety devices, vaporizers, manifolds and
interconnecting piping, which has a storage capacity at normal temperature and
pressure of:
22
1988 EDITION 9.104-9.105
1. More than 12,000 cubic feet of oxygen connected in service or ready for
service, or
2. More than 25,000 cubic feet of oxygen, including unconnected reserve on
hand at the site.
The bulk oxygen system terminates at the point where oxygen at service
pressure first enters the supply line. The oxygen may be stored as a liquid or gas in
either stationary or portable containers.
BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL is that portion of a property where flamma-
ble or combustible liquids are received by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car or tank
vehicle and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such
liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle, portable tank or container.
BULLET RESISTANT is a material and construction method capable of
preventing penetration of a 180-grain, 30-caliber, soft -nose, hunting -type bullet
when propelled at a maximum velocity of 2700 feet per second.
BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION is the fire prevention bureau of the
jurisdiction.
C
ec. 9.105. CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States
�[_Wovernment.
CGA is the Compressed Gas Association.
CARCINOGEN is any substance that causes the development of cancerous
growths in living tissue. A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen if: (a) it has
been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and
found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen, or
(b) It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the latest edition of the
Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program
(NTP), or
(c) It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.
CARGO TANK is any container having a liquid capacity in excess of 120
gallons used for the carrying of flammable or combustible liquids, LP gas, or
hazardous chemicals and mounted permanently or otherwise upon a tank vehicle.
The term "cargo tank" does not apply to any container used solely for the purpose
of supplying fuel for propulsion of the vehicle upon which it is mounted.
CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (PYROXYLIN) is any plastic sub-
stance, material or compound, other than cellulose nitrate film covered by Article
33 or guncotton or other explosive covered by Article 77, having cellulose nitrate
as a base, or whatever name known, when in the form of blocks, slabs, sheets,
tubes or fabricated shapes. For requirements, see Article 27.
CENTRAL SUPPLY is that portion of the system which normally supplies the
piping systems.
CHEMICAL is any element, chemical compound or mixture of elements or
compounds or both.
23
9.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
CHEMICAL NAME is the scientific designation of a chemical in accordance
with the nomenclature system developed by the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry or the Chemical Abstracts Service rules of nomenclature or a
name which will clearly identify the chemical for the purpose of conducting an
evaluation.
CHEMICAL PLANT. See Article 79.
CHIEF OR CHIEF OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT is the chief officer of
the fire department serving the jurisdiction, or his authorized representative.
CHIEF ENGINEER is the chief.
CHIEF OF POLICE OR POLICE DEPARTMENT is the chief law enforce-
ment officer of the jurisdiction or his authorized representative.
CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION is the head of the fire
prevention bureau.
CLOSED CONTAINER is a container so sealed by means of a lid or other
device that liquid, vapor or dusts will not escape from it under ordinary conditions
of use or handling.
COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS are readily ignitable and free -burning fibers, such
as cotton, sisal, henequen, ixtle, jute, hemp, tow, cocoa fiber, oakum, baled
waste, baled wastepaper, kapok, hay, straw, excelsior, Spanish moss and other like
materials.
COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE BIN is a metal or metal -lined container
with a capacity not exceeding 100 cubic feet and equipped with a self -closing
cover.
COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE ROOMS are rooms with a capacity
not exceeding 500 cubic feet separated from the remainder of the building by a
one -hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code.
COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, PROTECTED, is a room
with a capacity exceeding 1000 cubic feet separated from the remainder of the
building by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the
Building Code and provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, UNPROTECTED, is a room
with a capacity not exceeding 1000 cubic feet separated from the remainder of the
building by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the
Building Code and provided with approved safety vents to the outside.
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID is a liquid having a flash point at or above 100'E
Combustible liquids shall be subdivided as follows:
Class II liquids shall include those having flash points at or above I00'F and
below 140'R
Class IH-A liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 140T
and below 200'F
Class IH-B liquids shall include those liquids having flash points at or above
2000F.
24
Sec. 9.105, page 23. Revise the definition of CARGO TANK as
fol I ows:
CARGO TANK is any container having a liquid capacity in
excess of 110 gallons used for the carrying of flammable or
combustible liquids, LP gas, or hazardous chemicals and mounted
permanently or otherwise upon a tank vehicle. The term "cargo
tank" does not apply to any container used solely for the
purpose of supplying fuel for propulsion of the vehicle upon
which it is mounted.
Sec.9.105, page 23. Add a definition as follows:
CARNIVAL is a mobile enterprise principally devoted to
offering amusement or entertainment to the public in, upon, -or
by means or portable amusement rides or devices or temporary
structures in any number or combination, whether or not
associated with other structures or forms of public attraction.
23.1
1988 EDITION 9.105
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATTER shall mean magazines, books, trim-
mings from lawns, trees, flower gardens, pasteboard boxes, rags, paper, straw,
sawdust, packing material, shavings, boxes and all rubbish and refuse that will
ignite through contact with flames of ordinary temperatures.
COMMODITY is the combination of product, packing material and con-
tainer.
COMMON RADIATION SOURCE MATERIALS are radioisotopes other
than fissile materials which are in common usage in various medical and industrial
testing and measuring situations.
COMPRESSED GAS is: (a) a gas or mixture of gases having, in a container,
an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70'E, or
(b) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure
exceeding 104 psi at 130'E regardless of the pressure at 70'E, or
(c) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100'R as determined by
U.EC. Standard No. 9-5.
CONDENSATE TANK. See Article 79.
CONTAINER. See Article 79.
CONVERSION OIL BURNER is a burner for field installation in heating
appliances such as boilers and furnaces. It may be furnished with or without a
primary safety control. Under special circustances it may be installed for firing
ovens, water heaters, ranges, special furnaces and the like. A burner of this type
may be a pressure atomizing gun type, a horizontal or vertical rotary type or a
mechanical or natural draft vaporizing type.
CONVERSION RANGE OIL BURNER is an oil burner designed to burn
kerosene, range oil or similar fuel. This burner is intended primarily for installa-
tion only in a stove or range, a portion or all of which originally was designed for
the utilization of solid fuel and which is flue -connected.
CORROSIVE is a chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible
alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical is
considered to be corrosive if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the
method described in the U.S. Department of Transportation in Appendix A to
CFR 49 Part 173, it destroys or changes irreversibly the structure of the tissue at
the site of contact following an exposure period of four hours. This term shall not
refer to action on inanimate surfaces.
CORROSIVE LIQUIDS are those liquids which, when in contact with living
tissue, will cause destruction or irreversible alteration of such tissue by chemical
action. Examples include acid, alkaline or caustic materials.
CRUDE PETROLEUM is hydrocarbon mixtures that have a flash point
below 150'F. and which have not been processed in a refinery.
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS are those fluids that have a normal boiling point
below- 150'E (See Table No. 75.102-13.)
CRYOGENIC IN -GROUND CONTAINER is a container in which the
maximum liquid level is below the normal surrounding grade and is constructed
25
9.105-9.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
essentially of natural materials such as earth and rock and dependent upon the
freezing of water -saturated earth materials for its tightness or impervious nature.
CRYOGENIC VESSEL is any pressure vessel, low-pressure tank or atmo-
spheric tank designed to contain a cryogenic fluid on which venting, insulation,
refrigeration or a combination of these is used in order to maintain the operating
pressure within the design pressure and the contents in a liquid phase.
D
VAEN05ec. 9.106. DECORATIVE MATERIALS are materials such as curtains,
draperies, streamers, surface coverings applied over the building interior finish
for decorative, acoustical or other effect, and also cloth, cotton batting, straw,
vines, leaves, trees and moss used for decorative effect, but they shall not include
floor coverings, ordinary window shades nor materials 1/28 of an inch or less in
thickness applied directly to and adhering tightly to a base.
DEFLAGRATION is an exothermic reaction, such as the extremely rapid
oxidation of a flammable dust or vapor in air, in which the reaction progresses
through the unburned material at a rate less than the velocity of sound. A
deflagration can have an explosive effect.
DESIGNATED HIGH -PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE AREA is that
area within a building which is designed, intended, proposed or actually used for
such storage.
DETACHED STORAGE is storage in a separate building or in an outside area
located away from all structures.
DETONATING CORD is a flexible cord containing a center core of high
explosives which when detonated will have sufficient strength to detonate other
cap -sensitive explosives with which it is in contact.
DETONATION is an exothermic reaction characterized by the presence of a
shock wave in the material which established and maintains the reaction. The
reaction zone progresses through the material at a rate greater than the velocity of
sound. The principal heating mechanism is one of shock compression. Detona-
tions have an explosive effect.
DETONATOR is a component (such as a blasting cap or an electric blasting
cap) in an explosive train which is capable of initiating detonation in a subsequent
high explosive component.
DIP TANK is a tank, vat or container of flammable or combustible liquid in
which articles or materials are immersed for the purpose of coating, finishing,
treating or similar processes.
DISPENSING is the pouring or transferring of any material from a container,
tank or similar vessel whereby vapors, dusts, fumes, mists or gases may be
liberated to the atmosphere.
DISPERSAL AREA, SAFE, is an area which will accommodate a number of
B persons equal to the total capacity of the stand and building which it serves such
I that a person within the area will not be closer than 50 feet from the stand or
B building. Dispersal area capacity shall be determined by allowing 3 square feet of
I net clear area per person.
26
Sec. 9.106, page 26. Revise the definition of DECORATIVE
MATERIALS as follows:
DECORATIVE MATERIALS are materials such as curtains,
draperies, streamers and surface coverings applied over the
building interior finish for decorative, acoustical or other
effect, and also cloth, cotton batting, straw, vines, leaves,
trees, and moss used for decorative effect. They shall not
include floor coverings, ordinary window shades nor materials
1/28 inch or less in thickness applied directly to a
noncombustible backing.
26.1
1988 EDITION 9.106-9.107
b.I.S.S. DIAMETER INDEX SAFETY SYSTEM is the system outlined in
Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet V-5.
DISTILLERY is a plant or that portion of a plant where liquids produced by
fermentation are concentrated and where the concentrated products may also be
mixed, stored or packaged.
DRY CLEANING is the process of removing dirt, grease, paints and other
stains from wearing apparel, textiles, fabrics, rugs or other material by the use of
nonaqueous liquids (solvents), and it shall include the process of dyeing clothes or
other fabrics or textiles in a solution of dye colors and nonaqueous liquid solvents.
DUST is pulverized particles which, if mixed with air in the proper propor-
tions, become explosive and may be ignited by a flame or a spark or other source
of ignition.
DWELLING is any building or portion thereof which contains not more than
two dwelling units.
DWELLING UNIT is any building or portion thereof which contains living
facilities, including provisions for sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation as
required by the Building Code, for not more than one family.
E
Sec. 9.107. ELECTRICAL CODE is the National Electrical Code promul-
gated by the National Fire Protection Association, as adopted by this jurisdiction.
ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP is a shell containing a charge of detonating
compound designed to be fired by an electric current.
ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED is a container holding powder coat-
ing material which is aerated from below so as to form an air -supported expanded
cloud of such material which is electrically charged with a charge opposite to the
charge of the object to be coated. Such object is transported through the container
immediately above the charged and aerated materials in order to be coated.
EXECUTIVE BODY is the governing body of the jurisdiction adopting this
code.
EXIT is a continuous and unobstructed means of egress to a public way, and
shall include aisles, intervening doors, doorways, corridors, exterior exit bal-
conies, ramps, stairways, smokeproof enclosures, horizontal exits, exit passage-
ways, exit courts and yards.
EXIT COURT is a yard or court providing egress to a public way for one or
more required exits.
EXIT PASSAGEWAY is an enclosed means of egress connecting a req ired
exit or exit court with a public way.
EXPLOSION is an effect produced by the sudden violent expansion of gases,
which may be accompanied by a shockwave or disruption, or both, of enclosing
materials or structures. An explosion may result from: (a) chemical changes such
as rapid oxidation, deflagration or detonation, decomposition of molecules and
runaway polymerization (usually detonations); (b) physical changes (e.g., pres-
sure tank ruptures); or (c) atomic changes (nuclear fission or fusion).
27
9.107-9.108
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
EXPLOSIVE is (a) a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous
release of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or
high temperatures; or (b) a material or chemical, other than a blasting agent, that is
commonly used or intended to be used for the purpose of producing an explosive
effect and is regulated by Article 77.
F
Sec. 9.108. FABRICATION AREA. See Article 5 1.
FIRE APPARATUS is a vehicle such as a fire pumper, aerial ladder truck,
elevated platform, rescue squad or similar fire -fighting or rescue equipment.
FIRE APPLIANCE is apparatus or equipment provided or installed for use in
the event of an emergency.
FIRE ASSEMBLY is the assembly of a fire door, fire window or fire damper,
including all required hardware, anchorage, frames and sills.
FIRE BARRIER is a line or barricade designed to keep unauthorized persons
out of the area of a fire.
FIRE DEPARTMENT is any regularly organized fire department, fire pro-
tection district or fire company regularly charged with the responsibility of
providing fire protection to the jurisdiction.
FIRE DEPARTMEN i T HOSE CONNECTION is a connection through
which the fire department can pump water into a standpipe system or a sprinkler
system.
FIRE DOOR is a fire -resistive door approved for openings in fire separations.
FIRE HAZARD is any thing or act which increases or may cause an increase of
the hazard or menace of fire to a greater degree than that customarily recognized
as normal by persons in the public service regularly engaged in preventing,
suppressing or extinguishing fire; or which may obstruct, delay, hinder or inter-
fere with the operations of the fire department or the egress of occupants in the
event of fire.
FIRE NUISANCE is any thing or any act which is annoying, unpleasant,
offensive or obnoxious because of fire.
FIRE POINT is the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at
which vapors are evolved fast enough to support continuous combustion as
determined by U. F C. Standard No. 9-6.
FIRE -RESISTIVE or FIRE -RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION is construc-
tion to resist the spread of fire, details of which may be specified in the Building
Code of the j uri sdiction.
FIRE -RESISTIVE RATING is the time that the material or construction will
withstand the standard fire exposure as determined by a fire test made in conform-
ity with the standard methods of fire tests of buildings, construction and materials
in the U. B.C. Standards.
FIRE SEPARATION is construction of rated fire resistance or the mainte-
nance of clear area to resist the spread of fire,
28
Sec. 9.108, page 28. Add a definition as follows:
FAIR is an enterprise principally devoted to the
exhibition of products of agriculture or industry in connection
with the operation of amusement rides or devices, or concession
booths.
28.1
1988 EDITION 9.108
FIREWORKS is any combustible or explosive composition, or any substance
or combination of substances, or device prepared for the purpose of producing a
visible or an audible effect by combustion, explosion, deflagration or detonation,
and shall include blank cartridges, toy pistols, toy cannons, toy canes or toy guns
in which explosives are used, firecrackers, torpedoes, sky -rockets, Roman can-
dles, Daygo bombs, sparklers or other devices of like construction and any
devices containing any explosive 6�flammable compound, or any tablet or other
device containing an explosive substance, except that the term "fireworks" shall
not include any auto flares, paper caps containing not in excess of an average of
twenty-five hundredths of a grain of explosive content per cap and toy pistols, toy
canes, toy guns or other devices for use of such caps, the sale and use of which
shall be permitted at all times.
FISSILE MATERIALS are radioisotopes which may undergo a nuclear fis-
sion reaction and are usually found only at reactor sites or as part of a nuclear
weapon.
FLAME ARRESTER is a device approved for installation in piping which
carries a flammable vapor/air mixture to prevent a flashback beyond the point of
installation. Flame arresters installed under this definition shall be installed only
in such location specifically approved by the listing agency.
FLAME RETARDANT is any approved chemical, chemical compound or
mixture which when applied in an approved manner to any fabric or other material
will render such fabric or material incapable of supporting combustion.
FLAMMABLE ANESTHETIC is a compressed gas which is flammable and
administered as an anesthetic and shall include among others, cyclopropane,
divinyl ether, ethyl chloride, ethyl ether and ethylene.
FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS are those cryogenic fluids which are
flammable in their vapor state.
FLAMMABLE GAS is a gas which is flammable in mixture of 13 percent or
less (by volume) with air, or the flammable range with air is wider than 12 percent,
regardless of the lower limit.
FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS is a liquefied compressed gas which
under the charged pressure is partially liquid at a temperature of 70 *F and which is
flammable.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID is any liquid having a flash point below 100'E and
having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch (absolute) at
100'E Class I liquids shall include those having flash points below 100'E and
may be subdivided as follows:
Class I -A shall include those having flash points below 73'F and having a
boiling point below I 00'E
Class I-B shall include those having flash points below 73'F. and having a
boiling point at or above I 00'E
Class I-C shall include those having flash points at or above 73'F and below
1000F
29
9.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
FLAMMABLE MATERIAL is (1) any material that will readily ignite from
common sources of heat; (2) any material that will ignite at a temperature of 600T
or less.
FLAMMABLE SOLID is a solid substance, other than one which is defined in
this article as a blasting agent or explosive, that is liable to cause fire through
friction or as a result of retained heat from manufacture, or which has an ignition
temperature below 212'E, or which burns so vigorously or persistently when
ignited so as to create a serious hazard. Finely divided solid materials which when
dispersed in air as a cloud may be ignited and cause an explosion are flammable
solids.
FLASH POINT is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapors
in sufficient concentrations to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface
of the liquid within the vessel as specified by appropriate test procedures and
apparatus as follows:
The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity less than 5.82 centistokes (cSt) at
100'F and a flash point below 200'E shall be determined in accordance with
U. E C. Standard No. 9- 1.
The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity of 5.82 centistokes (cSt) or more at
100'E or a flash point of 200*F. or higher shall be determined in accordance with
U.EC. Standard No. 9-2.
As an alternate, U.FC. Standard No. 9-3 may be used for testing aviation
turbine fuels within the scope of this procedure.
As an alternate, U.FC. Standard No. 9-4 may be used for paints, enamels,
lacquers, varnishes and related products and their components having flash points
between 32'E and 230'E and having a viscosity lower than 150 stokes at 77'E
FLOOR AREA is the area included within the surrounding exterior walls of a
B building or portion thereof, exclusive of vent shafts and courts. The floor area of a
I building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be
B the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above.
FLUIDIZED BED is a container holding powder coating material which is
aerated from below so as to form an air -supported expanded cloud of such
material through which the preheated object to be coated is immersed and trans-
ported.
FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING is a structure that is used for
tiered seating of persons and whose overall shape and size may be reduced,
without being dismantled, for purposes of moving or storing.
FOOTBOARDS are that part of a raised seating facility other than an aisle or
cross aisle upon which the occupant walks to reach a seat.
FUEL BREAK is a strip or block of land on which the vegetation has been
permanently modified so that fires burning into it will not propagate across it.
FUEL OIL is kerosene or any hydrocarbon oil conforming to nationally
recognized standards and having a flash point not less than 100'E
FUMIGANT is any substance which by itself or in combination with any other
substance emits or liberates a gas, fume or vapor used for the destruction or
30
1988 EDITION 9.108-9.110
control of insects, fungi, vermin, germs, rodents or other pests and shall be
distinguished from insecticides and disinfectants.
FUMIGATION is the use of any substance which emits or liberates a gas,
fume or vapor used for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, vermin, germs,
rodents or other pests, and shall be distinguished from insecticides and disinfec-
tants.
G
Sec. 9.109. GARAGE is a building or portion thereof in which a motor vehicle
containing flammable or combustible liquids or gas in its tank is stored, repaired
or kept.
GARAGE, PRIVATE, is a building or a portion of a building not more than
1000 square feet in area in which only motor vehicles used by the tenants of the
building or buildings on the premises are stored or kept. (See Section I 10 1,
Building Code.)
GARAGE, PUBLIC, is any garage other than a private garage.
GRANDSTANDS are tiered or stepped seating facilities wherein an area of
more than 3 square feet is provided for each person.
GUEST is any person hiring or occupying a room for living or sleeping
purposes.
GUNPOWDER is any of various powders used in firearms and small arms
ammunition as propelling charges.
H
Sec. 9.110. HANDLING is the deliberate transport of material by any means
to a point of storage or use.
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL REACTION is any reaction which generates
pressure or by-products which may cause injury, illness or harm to humans,
domestic animals, livestock or wildlife.
HAZARDOUS FIRE AREA is any land which is covered with grass, grain,
brush or forest, whether privately or publicly owned, which is so situated or is of
such inaccessible location that a fire originating upon such land would present an
abnormally difficult job of suppression or would result in great and unusual
damage through fire or resulting erosion. Hazardous fire areas shall be designated
by the chief on a map. This map shall be maintained in the office of the chief.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS are those chemicals or substances which are
physical hazards or health hazards as defined and classified in Article 80 whether
the materials are in usable or waste condition.
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). See Article 5 1.
HPM STORAGE ROOM. See Article 5 1.
HPM STORAGE ROOM, INSIDE. See Article 5 1.
HAZARDOUS WATERSHED FIRE AREA is any location within 500 feet
of any forest, brush, grass or grain -covered land, exclusive of small individual
lots or parcels of land located outside of a brush, forest or grass -covered area.
31
9.110 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
HEATING AND COOKING APPLIANCE is any electric, gas or oil -fired
appliance not intended for central heating.
HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIAL is a material which produces a lethal dose or
lethal concentration which falls within any of the following categories:
(a) A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per
kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing
between 200 and 300 grams each.
(b) A chemical that has a median iethal dose (LD50) of 200 milligrams or less
per kilogram of body weight when administered by continous contact for 24
hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino
rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
(c) A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts
per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less
of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one
hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing
between 200 and 300 grams each.
Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such as water, may not
warrant a classification of highly toxic. While this system is basically simple in
application, any hazard evaluation which is required for the precise categorization
of this type of material shall be performed by experienced, technically competent
persons.
HIGHLY TOXIC PESTICIDE is any pesticide which is required by federal
regulation * to bear a skull and crossbones and be labeled with the word "poison."
HIGH -PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE is combustible materials in
closely packed piles more than 15 feet in height or combustible materials on
pallets or in racks more than 12 feet in height. For certain special -hazard commod-
ities such as rubber tires, plastics, some flammable liquids, idle pallets, etc., the
critical pile height may be as low as 6 feet.
HIGH -RACK STORAGE SYSTEMS are those systems that have storage
over 40 feet in height, the placement of racks is such that aisles are not provided as
required by Section 81.108, stock handling is automated, and the rack storage
area has no occupant load.
HIGHWAY is any public street or public road.
HORIZONTAL EXIT is an exit from one building into another building on
approximately the same level, or through or around a wall constructed as required
in the Building Code for a two-hour occupancy separation and which completely
divides a floor into two or more separate areas so as to establish an area of refuge
affording safety from fire or smoke coming from the area from which escape is
made.
HOTEL is any building containing six or more guest rooms intended or
designed to be used, or which are used, rented or hired out to be occupied, or
which are occupied for sleeping purposes by guests.
HYPERGOLIC MATERIALS are any materials which are capable of ignit-
ing spontaneously upon contact with another substance.
32
1988 EDITION 9.111-9.114
Sec. 9.111. I.C.C. CONTAINER is any container approved by the Interstate
Commerce Commission for shipping any liquid, gaseous or solid material of
flammable, toxic or other hazardous nature.
I.M.E. is the Institute of Makers of Explosives.
INCINERATOR is a structure, or portion thereof, container, device or other
appliance designed, used or intended to be used for the disposal of combustible
rubbish by burning.
INHABITED BUILDING is a building regularly occupied in whole or in part
as a habitation for human beings, or any church, school, railway passenger
station, store, airport terminal for passengers, or any other building or structure
where people are accustomed to congregate or assemble, but excluding any
building or structure occupied in connection with the manufacture, transporta-
tion, storage and use of explosives and blasting agents.
INSIDE USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOM. See Article 79.
IRRITANT is a chemical which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible
inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. A
chemical is a skin irritant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the
methods of 16 CFR 1500.41 for four hours' exposure or by other appropriate
techniques, it results in an empirical score of 5 or more. A chemical is an eye
irritant if so determined under the procedure listed in 16 CFR 1500.42 or other
appropriate techniques.
Sec. 9.112. JURISDICTION is any state, county, city or town, or district or
other political subdivision adopting this code for use within its boundaries.
JURISDICTIONAL AREA is the territory of the state, county, city or district
adopting this code.
K
Sec. 9.113. (No definitions.)
L
Sec. 9.114. LABELED is equipment or material to which has been attached a
label, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing labora-
tory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation
that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materi-
als, and by whose labeling is indicated compliance with nationally recognized
standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner.
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP GAS) is any material which is com-
posed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons or mixtures of them: pro-
pane, propylene, butane (normal butane or isobutane) and butylenes.
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS EQUIPMENT is all containers, appa-
ratus, piping (not including utility distribution piping systems) and equipment
33
9.114-9.116 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
pertinent to the storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gas. Gas -consuming
appliances shall not be considered as being liquefied petroleum gas equipment.
LIQUID is a material which has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration
asphalt when tested in accordance with approved standards. See Section 2.303
(b). When not otherwise identified, the term "liquid" is both flammable and
combustible liquids.
LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. See Article 79.
LIQUID STORAGE ROOM, INSIDE. See Article 79.
LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. See Article 79.
LISTED is equipment or materials included on a list published by a nationally
recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned
with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed
equipment or materials, and whose listing states that equipment or materials
meets nationally recognized standards and has been tested and found suitable for
use in a specified manner.
LODGING HOUSE is any building or portion thereof containing not more
than five guest rooms where rent is paid in money, goods, labor or otherwise.
LOW-PRESSURE TANK is a storage tank designed to withstand an internal
pressure of above 0.5 psig but not more than 15 psig.
M
See. 9.115. MAGAZINE is any building or structure used for the storage of
explosives.
MAGNESIUM is the pure metal and alloys of which the major part is
magnesium.
MANUFACTURER'S INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS are printed in-
structions included with equipment as part of the conditions of listing.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) is written or printed material
concerning a hazardous material which is prepared in accordance with the provi-
sions of 29 CFR 1910.1200.
M.C.A. is the Manufacturing Chemists Association.
MECHANICAL CODE. See Uniform Mechanical Code.
MERCANTILE OCCUPANCY is the occupancy or use of a building or
structure or any portion thereof for displaying, selling or buying of goods, wares
or merchandise.
N
Sec. 9.116. NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association.
B NONCOMBUSTIBLE as applied to building construction material means a
I material which, in the form in which it is used, is either one of the following:
B 1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when subjected to fire. Any
material conforming to U.B.C. Standard No. 4-1 shall be considered
noncombustible within the meaning of this section.
34
1988 EDITION 9.116-9.117
2. Material having a structural base of noncombustible material as defined in
Item No. I above, with a surfacing material not over 1/8-inch thick which
has a flame -spread rating of 50 or less.
"Noncombustible" does not apply to surface finish materials. Material re-
quired to be noncombustible forreduced clearances to flues, heating appliances or
other sources of high temperature shall refer to material conforming to Item 1. No
material shall be classed as noncombustible which is subject to increase in
combustibility or flame -spread rating beyond the limits herein established,
through the effects of age, moisture or other atmospheric condition.
Hame-spread rating as used herein refers to rating obtained according to tests
conducted as specified in U.B.C. Standard No. 42-1.
NONFLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS is a compressed gas which is non-
flammable and used for therapeutic purposes and shall include, among others,
oxygen and nitrous oxide.
NORMAL TEMPERATURE PRESSURE (NTP) is a temperature of 70*F
and a pressure of I atmosphere (14.7 psi).
0
Sec. 9.117. OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
OCCUPANCY is the purpose for which a building or part thereof is used or
intended to be used.
OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purpose of this code, certain
occupancies are defined as follows:
Group A Occupancies:
Division-1. Any assembly building or portion of a building with a stage and an
occupant load of 1000 or more.
Division 2. Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room
with an occupant load of less than 1000 and a stage.
Division 2. 1. Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room
with an occupant load of 300 or more without a stage, including such buildings
used foreducational purposes and notclassed as a Group E orGroup B, Division 2
Occupancy.
Division 3. Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room
with an occupant load of less than 300 without a stage, including such buildings
used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group 13, Division 2
Occupancy.
Division 4. Stadiums, reviewing stands and amusement park structures not
included within Group A Occupancies.
Group B Occupancies:
Division 1. Gasoline service stations, garages where no repair work is done
except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding or
the use of Class 1, 11 or 111-A liquids.
35
B
B E
I
B
I
B
B
I
B
I
9.117 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Division 2. Drinking and dining establishments having an occupant load of
B less than 50, wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, printing plants, munici-
I pal police and fire stations, factories and workshops using materials not highly
B flammable or combustible, storage and sales rooms for combustible goods, paint
I stores without bulk handling.
B Buildings or portions of buildings having rooms used for educational purposes
I beyond the 12th grade with less than 50 occupants in any room.
B
Division 3. Aircraft hangars where no repair work is done except exchange of
parts and maintenance requiring no open flames, welding or the use of Class I or 11
flammable liquids.
B Open parking garages.
Helistops.
Division 4. Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, creamer-
13 ies.
I Factories and workshops using noncombustible and nonexplosive materials.
Storage and sales rooms of noncombustible and nonexplosive materials.
Group E Occupancies:
Division 1. Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade
B by 50 or more persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one
I day.
B Division 2. Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade
I by less than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one -
B day.
I
B Division 3. Any building used for day-care purposes for more than six
I children.
B Group H Occupancies:
I Division 1. Occupancies with quantity of material in the building in excess of
those listed in Table No. 9-A which present a high explosion hazard, including but
not limited to:
B
1 1. Explosives, blasting agents, fireworks and black powder.
Is EXCEPTION: Storage and the use of pyrotechnic special effect materials in
motion picture, television, theatrical and group entertainment production when
under permit as required in the Fire Code. The time period for storage shall not
exceed 90 days.
B 2. Unclassified detonatable organic peroxides.
1 3. Class 4 oxidizers.
B
1 4. Class 4 or Class 3 detonatable unstable (reactive) materials.
B Division 2. Occupancies with quantity of material in the building in excess of
I those listed in Table No. 9-A which present a moderate explosion hazard or a
B hazard from accelerated burning, including but not limited to:
1. Class I organic peroxides.
2. Class 3 nondetonatable unstable (reactive) materials.
36
1988 EDITION
9.117
3. Pyrophoric gases.
4. Flammable or oxidizing gases.
5. Class 1, 11 or 111-A flammable or combustible liquids which are used in
normally open containers or systems or in closed containers pressurized at
more than 15-pounds-per-square-inch gage.
6. Combustible dusts in suspension or capable of being put into suspension in
the atmosphere of the room or area.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Rooms or areas used for woodworking that do not exceed
500 square feet in area may be classified as Group B, Division 2 Occupancies,
provided dust -producing machines are equipped with approved dust collectors and
there are not more than two such machines.
2. Lumberyards and similar retail stores utilizing only power saws may be
classified as Group B, Division 2 Occupancies.
The building official may revoke the use of these exceptions for due cause.
7. Class 3 oxidizers.
Division 3. Occupancies with quantity of material in the building in excess of
those listed in Table No. 9-A which present a high fire or physical hazard,
including but not limited to:
Class II, III or IV organic peroxides.
2. Class I or 2 oxidizers.
3. Class I, II or 111-A flammable liquids or combustible liquids which are
utilized or stored in normally closed containers or systems and containers
pressurized at 15-pounds-per-square-inch gage or less.
4. Class III-B combustible liquids.
5. Pyrophoric liquids or solids.
6. Water reactives.
7. Flammable solids, including combustible fibers or dusts, except for dusts
included in Division 2.
8. Flammable or oxidizing cryogenic fluids (other than inert).
9. Class I or 2 unstable (reactive) materials.
Division 4. Repair garages not classified as a Group B, Division 1.
Division 5. Aircraft repair hangars and heliports not classified as Group B,
Division 3.
Division 6. Semiconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and
development areas when the facilities in which hazardous production materials
(HPM) are used and the aggregate quantity of materials are in excess of those
listed in Table No. 9-A or 9-B. Such facilities and areas shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with Section 911.
Division 7. Occupancies having quantities of materials in excess of those listed
in Table No. 9-B that are health hazards, including but not limited to:
1. Corrosives.
2. Highly toxic materials.
37
B
B
I
B
I
B
I
B
I
9.117 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3. Irritants.
B 4. Sensitizers.
5. Other health hazards.
B
I Group I Occupancies:
B Division 1. Nurseries for the full-time care of children under the age of six
I (each accommodating more than five persons).
B Hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with nonambulatory patients and simi-
I lar buildings (each accommodating more than five persons).
B
Division 2. Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for children six
B years of age or over (each accommodating more than five persons).
I Division 3. Mental hospitals, mental sanitariums, jails, reformatories and
B buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained.
IEXCEPTION: Group I Occupancies shall not include buildings used only for
private residential purposes or for a family group.
Group M Occupancies:
B
I Division 1. Private garages, sheds and agricultural buildings when not over
B 1000 square feet in area.
I Division 2. Fences, tanks and towers.
B Group R Occupancies:
I Division 1. Hotels and apartments. Convents and monasteries (each accommo-
B
I dating more than 10 persons).
B Division 2. Not used.
Division 3. Dwellings and lodging houses.
OIL -BURNING EQUIPMENT is an oil burner of any type together with its
tank, piping, wiring, controls and related devices and shall include all oil burners,
oil -fired units and heating and cooking appliances but exclude those exempted by
Section 6 1. 10 1.
OIL -FIRED UNIT is a heating appliance equipped with one or more oil
burners and all the necessary safety controls, electrical equipment and related
equipment manufactured for assembly as a complete unit. This definition does not
include kerosene stoves or oil stoves.
OPEN-AIR GRANDSTANDS and BLEACHERS are seating facilities
which are located so that the side toward which the audience faces is unroofed and
B without an enclosing wall.
OPERATING LINE is a group of separated operating buildings of specific
arrangement used in the assembly, modification, reconditioning, renovation,
maintenance, inspection, surveillance, testing or manufacturing of explosives.
ORGANIC COATING is a liquid mixture of binders such as alkyd, nitrocellu-
lose, acrylic or oil and flammable and combustible solvents such as hydrocarbon,
ester, ketone or alcohol, which when spread in a thin film converts to a durable
protective and decorative finish.
38
1988 EDITION 9.117-9.118
ORGANIC PEROXIDE is an organic compound that contains the bivalent -0-0-
structure and which may be considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen
peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an organic
radical. Organic peroxides may present an explosion hazard (detonation or deflagra-
tion) or they may be shock sensitive. They may also decompose into various
unstable compounds over an extended period of time.
OWNER includes his duly authorized agent or attorney, a purchaser, devisee,
fiduciary and a person having vested or contingent interest in the property in
question.
OXIDIZER is a chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in
this article that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, thereby
causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.
P
Sec. 9.118. PANIC HARDWARE is a door -latching assembly incorporating i
an unlatching device, the activation portion of which extends across at least one B
half the width of the door leaf on which it is installed.
PARADE FLOAT is a unit especially designed or constructed for use in
conjunction with a parade or public gathering.
PERMANENT STANDS are those seating facilities which remain at a loca- B
tion for more than 90 days. I
PEROXIDE -FORMING CHEMICAL is a chemical which, when exposed
to air, will form explosive peroxides which are shock, pressure or heat sensitive.
PERSON is a natural person, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, B
and also includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its or their successors or I
assigns, or the agent of any of the aforesaid. B
PERSON, AMBULATORY, is one who is capable of leaving a fire area
within a reasonable length of time without assistance of any kind in event of an
emergency.
PERSON, NONAMBULATORY, is one who is incapable of leaving a fire
area within a reasonable length of time without assistance in event of an emer-
gency.
PESTICIDE is any substance or mixture of substances, including fungicides,
intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest and any
substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant
or desiccant. Products defined as drugs in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act are exempt.
PIPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM is a central supply system with control-
ling equipment and a system of piping extending to one or more points where
liquids or gases are used and a suitable station outlet valve is located at each use
point.
PLUMBING CODE is the Uniform Plumbing Code promulgated by the
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials as adopted by
this jurisdiction. 49
39
9.118-9.120 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
PORTABLE TANK is any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 U. S.
gallons and not intended for fixed installation.
PRESSURE DELIVERY SYSTEM or REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM is
any method of transferring flammable or combustible liquids from underground
storage tanks to the fuel tanks of motor vehicles whenever the pump is located
elsewhere than in the dispenser.
PRESSURE VESSEL is any closed vessel designed to operate at pressures
above 15 psig.
PRIMARY CONTAINMENT is the first level of containment, i.e., the inside
portion of that container which comes into immediate contact on its inner surface
with the material being contained.
PRIVATE STAIRWAY is a stairway serving one tenant only.
PROCESSING PLANT is that portion of a property in which flammable or
combustible liquids or materials are mixed, heated, separated or otherwise pro-
cessed as principal business, but shall not include plants defined herein as
refineries.
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION is information regarding compounds or
ingredients used in a process or production which do not qualify as trade secrets
but which provides an industry or business with a competitive advantage.
PUBLIC CONVEYANCE is any railroad car, street car, cab, bus, airplane or
other vehicle which is carrying passengers for hire.
PUBLIC NUISANCE is the existence of dry and drying weeds, rubbish and
waste material on property, lands or premises which are dangerous or injurious to
that or neighboring property, lands or premises and which are detrimental to the
welfare of the occupants or residents of the vicinity.
PUBLIC WAY is any street, alley or similar parcel of land essentially unob-
structed from the ground to the sky which is deeded, dedicated or otherwise
permanently appropriated to the public for public use and having a clear width of
not less than 10 feet.
PYROPHORIC is a chemical that will spontaneously ignite in air at or below a
temperature of 130'F (54.4*C.).
X. I
Sec. 9.119. (No definitions.)
R
Sec. 9.120. RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL is any material or combination of
materials that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation.
RAILWAY is any steam, electric or other railroad or railway which carries
passengers for hire.
REACTIVE MATERIALS are those materials which can enter into a hazard-
ous chemical reaction with other stable or unstable materials.
40
1988 EDITION 9.120-9.121
REFINERY is a plant in which flammable or combustible liquids are produced
on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or other hydrocar-
bon sources.
REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM. See Pressure Delivery System.
REPAIR is the reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for
the purpose of its maintenance.
REVIEWING STANDS are elevated platforms accommodating not more than
50 persons. Seating facilities, if provided, are normally in the nature of loose
chairs. Reviewing stands accommodating more than 50 persons shall be regulated
as grandstands.
ROOM. See Liquid Storage Room; Liquid Storage Room, Inside; Inside Use,
Dispensing and Mixing Room.
Sec. 9.121. SAFE DISPERSAL AREA. See Dispersal Area, Safe.
SAFETY CAN is an approved container of not over 5-gallon capacity having a
spring -closing lid and spout cover.
SAFETY FACTOR is the ratio of the design burst pressure to the maximum
working pressure and shall be not less than four.
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT is that level of containment that is external
to and separate from primary containment.
SECURE is safe from intrusion or contained separately to prevent mixing with
other materials.
SEGREGATED is storage in the same area but physically separated from other
materials by adequate space, walls or partitions and in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
SEGREGATED STORAGE is storage in the same room or inside area, but
physically separated by distance from incompatible materials.
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES. See definition for oc-
cupancy classification Group H, Division 6.
SENSITIZER is a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed
people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated
exposure to the chemical.
SERVICE CORRIDOR. See Article 5 1.
SERVICE STATION, AIRCRAFT, is that portion of an airport or heliport
where flammable or combustible liquids used as aircraft fuel are stored and
dispensed from fixed automotive -type dispensing equipment into fuel tanks of an
aircraft and shall include all facilities essential thereto.
SERVICE STATION, AUTOMOTIVE, is that portion of property where
flammable or combustible liquids or gases used as motor fuels are stored and
dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and shall
include the sale and service of tires, batteries and accessories and minor automo-
tive maintenance work.
41
9.121 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
SERVICE STATION, MARINE, is that portion of property where flamma-
ble, combustible liquids or gases used as fuel for watercraft are stored and
dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, floats or barges into the
fuel tanks of watercraft and shall include all other facilities used in connection
therewith.
SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION is any shotgun, rifle, pistol or revolver
cartridges.
SMOKING is the carrying or use of lighted pipe, cigar, cigarette or tobacco in
any form.
SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE is any explosive power -
pack containing an explosive charge in the form of a cartridge or construction
device. The term includes but is not limited to explosive rivets, explosive bolts,
explosive charges for driving pins or studs, cartridges for explosive -actuated
power tools and charges of explosives used in jet tapping of open-hearth furnaces
and jet perforation of oil well casings.
SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL HIGH -EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS are sheets,
D extrusions, pellets and packages of high explosives containing dynamite, trinitro-
toluol, penaerythritoltetranitrate, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine or other similar
compounds used for high -energy -rate forming, expanding and shaping in metal
fabrication and for dismemberment and quick reduction of scrap metal.
SPRAY BOOTH is a power ventilated structure of varying dimensions and
construction provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying operation and to
confine and limit the escape of spray vapor and residue and to exhaust it safely.
SPRAYING AREA is any area in which dangerous quantities of flammable
vapors or combustible residues, dusts or deposits are present due to the operation
of spraying processes. The chief may define the limits of the spraying area in any
specific case.
SPRAYING ROOMS are rooms designed to accommodate spraying opera-
tions and shall comply with the Building Code requirements for a Group H,
Division 2 Occupancy.
SQUIB -ELECTRIC is a device similar in appearance to an electric blasting
cap which, upon activation by an electric current, produces a deflagration instead
of a detonation.
STANDPIPE SYSTEM is a wet or dry system of piping, valves, outlets and
related equipment designed to provide water at specified pressures and installed
exclusively for the fighting of fires, including the following:
Class I is a standpipe system equipped with 21/2-inch outlets.
Class 11 is a standpipe system directly connected to a water supply and
equipped with I 1/2-inch outlets and hose.
Class III is a standpipe system directly connected to a water supply and
equipped with 21/2-inch outlets or 21/2-inch and I 1/2-inch outlets when a I 1/2-inch
hose is required. Hose connections for Class III systems may be made through
21/2-inch hose valves with easily removable 21/2-inch by I 1/2-inch reducers.
42
Sec. 9.121, page 42. Add a definition as follows:
S14OKE DETECTOR is an approved listed device which
senses visible or invisible particles of combustion.
42.1
1988 EDITION 9.121-9.122
STREET is any thoroughfare or public way not less than 16 feet in width which
has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use.
STRUCTURE is that which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of
any kind or any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined
together in some definite manner.
SWING JOINT is one of the following:
1. Extractor -type foot valve housing with either a street elbow or a nipple and
an elbow.
2. An elbow and a street elbow.
3. Two elbows and a nipple not over 6 inches long. (Note: Due to structural
weakness a "close" nipple shall not be permitted.)
SYSTEM is any assembly of any equipment consisting of the container or
containers, appurtenances, pumps, compressors and connecting piping.
T
Sec. 9.122. TANK is a vessel containing more than 60 gallons.
TANK VEHICLE is any vehicle other than railroad tank cars and boats, with a
cargo tank mounted thereon or built as an integral part thereof used for the
transportation of flammable or combustible liquids, LP gas, or hazardous chemi-
cals. Tank vehicles include self-propelled vehicles and full trailers and semi-
trailers with or without motive power and carrying part or all of the load.
TEMPORARY SEATING FACILITIES are those which are intended for use
at a location for not more than 90 days.
TENT is any structure, enclosure or shelter constructed of canvas or pliable
material supported by any manner except by air or the contents it protects.
TEST BLASTING CAP NO. 8 is one containing two grams of a mixture of 80
percent mercury fulminate and 20 percent potassium chlorate or a cap of equiva-
lent strength.
THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING is the use of insecticidal liquids
which are passed through thermal -fog -generating units where they are, by means
of heat, pressure and turbulence, transformed and discharged in the form of fog or
rnist that is blown into the area to be treated.
TOXIC MATERIAL is a material which produces a lethal dose or a lethal
concentration within any of the following categories:
(a) A chemical or substance that has a median lethal does (LD50) of more than 50
milligrams per kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body
weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300
grams each.
(b) A chemical or substance that has a median lethal does (LD,) of more than
200 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 1000 milligrams per kilogram of
body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if
death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing
between two and three kilograms each.
43
9.122-9.124 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(c) A chemical or substance that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air
more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2000 parts per million by
volume of gas or vapor, or more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 20
milligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous
inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats
weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
U
See. 9.123. U.L. Inc. is the Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE is any release or emission of any material
in a manner which does not conform to the provisions of this code or applicable
public health and safety regulations.
U.S.B.M. is the United States Bureau of Mines.
UNIFORM CODE is the Uniform Building Code promulgated by the Interna-
tional Conference of Building Officials, as adopted by this jurisdiction.
U.EC. STANDARDS is the 1988 edition of the Uniform Fire Code Standards
jointly promulgated by the Western Fire Chiefs Association and the International
Conference of Building Officials.
UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE is the Uniform Mechanical Code jointly
promulgated by the International Conference of Building Officials, and the
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, as adopted by
this jurisdiction.
UNSTABLE (Reactive) LIQUID is a chemical which in the pure state, or as
produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or
will become self -reactive under conditions of shock, pressure or temperature.
UNSTABLE MATERIALS are those materials, other than explosives, which
in the pure state or as commercially produced will vigorously polymerize, decom-
pose, condense or become self -reactive and undergo other violent chemical
changes, including explosion, when exposed to heat, friction or shock, or in the
absence of an inhibitor or in the presence of contaminants or in contact with
noncompatible materials.
V
Sec. 9.124. VAPOR AREA is any area containing quantities of flammable
vapors. The chief may determine the extent of the vapor area, taking into consid-
eration the characteristics of the liquid, the degree of sustained ventilation and the
nature of the operations.
VAPOR BALANCE SYSTEM is a system designed to capture and retain,
without processing, vapors displaced during the filling of tanks and containers or
during the fueling of vehicles.
VAPOR PRESSURE is the pressure measured in pounds per square inch
(absolute) exerted by a volatile fluid as determined by U. E C. Standard No. 9-5.
VAPOR -PROCESSING SYSTEM is a system designed to capture and proc-
ess vapors displaced during filling operations at service stations, bulk plants or
44
1988 EDITION 9.124-9.128
terminals by use of mechanical and/or chemical means. Examples are systems
using blower -assist for capturing vapors and refrigeration absorption and combus-
tion systems for processing vapors.
VAPOR -PROCESSING UNIT is the actual vapor -processing equipment in
one contiguous unit in an isolated or separated area. The term "vapor -processing
unit" shall not include such items as in -line flame arresters, in -line fire checks,
pressure vacuum valves, in -line check valves or flow regulators at the dispenser.
VAPOR -RECOVERY SYSTEM is a system designed to capture and retain,
without processing, vapors displaced during filling operations at service stations,
bulk plans or terminals. Examples are balanced -pressure vapor displacement
systems and vacuum -assist systems without vapor processing.
VAPOR TRANSFER EQUIPMENT is the components of a vapor -
processing system, a vapor balance system, or other approved system which is
designed to capture, transfer and prevent emissions of vapors or liquids displaced
during filling of tanks or containers or during the fueling of vehicles. Examples
are the vapor/liquid-dispensing nozzle, vapor transfer lines, and tank vents.
W
Sec. 9.125. WAREHOUSE. See liquid storage warehouse.
WATER -REACTIVE MATERIALS are materials which explode, violently
react, produce flammable, toxic or other hazardous gases, or evolve enough heat
to cause self -ignition or ignition of nearby combustibles upon exposure to water or
moisture.
X--Sec. 9.126. (No definitions.)
Y—Sec. 9.127. (No definitions.)
Z—Sec. 9.128. (No definitions.)
45
10.101-10.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
PART III
GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR
FIRE SAFETY
ARTICLE 10
FIRE PROTECTION
Division I
OPERATIONS AT FIRES OR OTHER EMERGENCIES
Authority at Fires and Other Emergencies
Sec. 10. 101.The chief and his authorized representatives, as may be in charge
at the scene of a fire or other emergency involving the protection of life and/or
property or any part thereof, shall have the power and authority to direct such
operation as may be necessary to extinguish or control any fire, perform any
rescue operation, investigate the existence of suspected or reported fires, gas
leaks or other hazardous conditions or situations or of taking any other action
necessary in the reasonable performance of their duty. In the exercise of such
power, the chief may prohibit any person, vehicle, vessel or thing from approach-
ing the scene and may remove or cause to be removed or kept away from the scene
any vehicle, vessel or thing which may impede or interfere with the operations of
the fire department and, in the judgment of the chief, any person not actually and
usefully employed in the extinguishing of such fire or in the preservation of
property in the vicinity thereof.
Interference with Fire Department
Sec. 10. 102. Any person who obstructs the operations of the fire department in
connection with extinguishing any fire, or other emergency, or disobeys any
lawful command of the chief or officer of the fire department who may be in
charge at such,a scene, or any part thereof, or any police officer assisting the fire
department, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
Authority to Barricade
Sec. 10.103. The chief or other officer of the fire department in charge at the
scene of an emergency shall have the authority to place ropes, guards, barricades
or other obstructions across any street, alley, place or private property in the
vicinity of such operation so as to prevent accident or interference with the lawful
efforts of the fire department to manage and control the situation and to handle
fire apparatus.
Division 11
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Tampering with Fire Equipment
Sec 10.201. No person shall molest, tamper with, damage or otherwise disturb
46
1988 EDITION 10.201-10.206
any apparatus, equipment or appurtenance belonging to or under the supervision
and control of the fire department without authority from the chief or his autho-
riied representative to do so.
Tampering with Fire Hydrant or Fire Appliance
Sec. 10.202. No person shall remove, tamper with or otherwise disturb any fire
hydrant or fire appliance required to be installed or maintained under the provi-
sions of this code except for the purpose of extinguishing fire, training purposes,
recharging, or making necessary repairs, or when permitted by the fire depart-
ment. Whenever a fire appliance is removed as herein permitted, it shall be
replaced or reinstalled as soon as the purpose for which it was removed has been
accomplished.
Hydrant Use Approval
See. 10.203. No person shall use or operate any hydrant or other valves
installed on any water system intended for use by the chief for fire suppression
purposes and which is accessible to any public highway, alley or private way open
to or generally used by the public, unless such person first secures a permit for use
from the chief. This section does not apply to the use of a hydrant or other valves
by a person employed by and authorized to make such use by the water company
which supplies water to such hydrants or other valves.
Tampering with Barricades, etc.
Sec. 10.204. No person, except a person authorized by the chief or a public
officer acting within the scope of his public duties, shall remove, unlock, destroy,
tamper with or otherwise molest in any manner any lock, gate, door, barricade,
chain, enclosure, sign, tag or seal which has been lawfully installed by the fire
department or by its order or under its control.
Closure of Roads or Trails
Sec. 10.205. (a) General. The chief may require the installation and mainte-
nance of gates or other approved barricades across roadways, trails or other
accessways, not including public streets, alleys or highways.
When required, gates and barricades shall be secured in an approved manner.
When required to be secured, roadways, trails and accessways shall not be used
except when authorized by the owner and the chief.
(b) T)respassing. No person, except a public officer acting within the scope of
his public duties, shall trespass upon any road or trail which has been closed and
obstructed in the manner authorized by this section without the express permis-
sion of the chief, nor shall any person park any vehicle so as to obstruct the
entrance to such road or trail.
Obstruction of Fire Protection Equipment
Sec. 10.206. (a) General. No person shall place or keep any post, fence,
vehicle, growth, trash, storage or other material or thing near any fire hydrant, fire
department connection or fire protection system control valve that would prevent
such equipment or hydrant from being immediately discernible or in any other
47
AME1
10.206-10.207 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
manner deter or hinder the fire department from gaining immediate access to said
equipment or hydrant. A minimum 3-foot clear space shall be maintained around
the circumference of the fire hydrants except as otherwise required or approved by
the chief.
(b) Identification of Hydrants or Equipment. All fire protection equipment
or hydrants shall be clearly identified in a manner approved by the chief to prevent
parking of other obstruction.
Fire Apparatus Access Roads
Sec. 10.207. (a) General. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and
maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(b) Where Required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be required for every
building hereafter constructed when any portion of an exterior wall of the first
s ' I njo�e than 150 fqeLfrornj irg depar m n ve ic
tory is ocated t e t h'-le accessa4 gp
-;-" AtXCEPTIRKIS- NKenT.=d-=gs e—co-m�lMy-p-r.-t'eceteVT,,,t�an�app- Ooved
automatic fire sprinkler system, the provisions of this section may be modified.
2. When access roadways cannot be installed due to topography, waterways,
nonnegotiable grades or other similar conditions, the chief may require additional
fire protection as specified in Section 10.301 (b).
3. When there are not more than two Group R, Division 3 or Group M Occupan-
cies, the requirements of this section may be modified, provided, in the opinion of
the chief, fire -fighting or rescue operations would not be impaired.
More than one fire apparatus road may be required when it is determined by the
chief that access by a single road may be impaired by vehicle congestion,
condition of terrain, climatic conditions or other factors that could limit access.
For high -piled combustible storage, see Section 81.109.
(c) Width. The unobstructured width of a fire apparatus access road shall be not
less than 20 feet.
(d) Vertical Clearance. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed
vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches.
EXCEPTION: Upon approval vertical clearance may be reduced, provided such
reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs are installed
and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance.
(e) Permissible Modifications. Vertical clearances or widths required by this
section shall be increased when, in the opinion of the chief, vertical clearances or
widths are not adequate to provide fire apparatus access.
(f) Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to
support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be provided with a surface so
as to provide all-weather driving capabilities.
(g) Turning Radius. The turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be
as approved by the chief.
(h) Turnarounds. All dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess �f 150
feet in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the turning around of
fire apparatus.
48
17.56.060 Section 10.207(c) amended —Fire apparatus
access roads. Section 10.207(c) is amended to read as follows:
The minimum unobstructed width of a fire apparatus
access road shall be 24 feet. Fire access streets, drives or
roads adjacent to building fronts in commercial centers shall
not be less than 27 feet wide. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord.
2638, 9/83; Ord. 2430, 7/80; Ord. 2188, 6/77)
Sec. 10.207, page 49. Add a subsection as follows:
(m) PLANS. Plans for fire apparatus access roadways
shall be submitted to the fire department for review and
approval prior to construction.
48.1
1988 EDITION 10.207-10.301
(i) Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as access under this section, it
shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable sections of
the Building Code and using designed live loading sufficient to carry the imposed
loads of fire apparatus.
0) Grade. The gradient for a fire apparatus access road shall not exceed the
maximum approved by the chief.
(k) Obstruction. The required width of any fire apparatus access road shall not
be obstructed in any manner, including parking of vehicles. Minimum required
widths and clearances established under this section shall be maintained at all
times.
(1) Signs. When required, approved signs or other approved notices shall be
provided and maintained for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads and
protit the QbstruPion thereof or both.
QWV�ftmisesy%tif icationW 5e,' C,14-tA '5�?Ve-
- S_ Z 8. (a) General. Approved numbers or addresses shall be placed on
all new and existing buildings in such a position as to be plainly visible and legible
from the street or road fronting the property. Said numbers shall contrast with their
background.
(b) Street or Road Signs. When required by the chief, a street or road shall be
identified with approved signs.
Key Box
Sec. 10.209. When access to or within a structure or an area is unduly difficult
because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life-
saving or fire -fighting purposes, the chief may require a key box to be installed in
an accessible location. The key box shall be a type approved by the chief and shall
contain keys to gain necessary access as required by the chief.
Division III
- INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE -
PROTECTION, LIFE -SAFETY SYSTEMS AND
APPLIANCES
Installation
Sec 10.301. (a) Type Required. The chief shall designate the type and number
of fire appliances to be installed and maintained in and upon all buildings and
premises in the jurisdiction other than private dwellings. This shall be done
according to the relative severity of probable fire, including the rapidity with
which it may spread. Such appliances shall be of a type suitable for the probable
class of fire associated with such building or premises and shall have approval of
the chief.
49
(b) Special Hazards. In occupancies of an especially hazardous nature or
where special hazards exist in addition to the normal hazard of the occupancy, or
49
10.301-10.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
where access for fire apparatus is unduly difficult, additional safeguards may be
required consisting of additional fire appliance units, more than one type of
appliance, or special systems suitable for the protection of the hazard involved.
Such devices or appliances may consist of automatic fire alarm systems, auto-
matic sprinkler or water spray systems, standpipe and hose, fixed or portable fire
extinguishers, suitable asbestos blankets, breathing apparatus, manual or auto-
matic covers, carbon dioxide, foam, halogenated and dry chemical or other
special fire -extinguishing systems. Where such systems are installed, they shall
be in accordance with the applicable Uniform Fire Code Standards or standards of
the National Fire Protection Association when Uniform Fire Code Standards do
not apply.
(c) Water Supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying the required
fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which buildings
or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed. When any portion of the
building protected is in excess of 150 feet from a water supply on a pqblic street, as
measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building, there shall be
provided, when required by the chief, on -site fire hydrants and mains capable of
supplying the required fire flow.
Water supply may consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water*
mains or other fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow. In setting
the requirements for fire flow, the chief may be guided by the provision in
Appendix III -A of this code.
The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to a water supply
capable of delivering the required fire flow shall be provided on the public street
or on the site of the premises to be protected as required and approved by the chief.
All hydrants shall be accessible to the fire department apparatus by roadways
meeting the requirements of Section 10.207.
(d) Fire Hydrant Markers. When required by the chief, hydrant locations
shall be identified by the installation of reflective markers.
(e) Timing of Installation. When fire protection facilities are to be installed by
the developer, such facilities including all surface access roads shall be installed
and made serviceable prior to and during the time of construction. When alternate
methods of protection, as approved by the chief, are provided, the above may be
modified or waived.
(f) Approval and Testing. All fire alarm systems, fire hydrant systems, fire -
extinguishing systems (including automatic sprinklers), wet and dry standpipes,
basement inlet pipes, and other fire -protection systems and appurtenances thereto
shall meet the approval of the fire department as to installation and location and
shall be subject to such periodic tests as required by the chief. Plans and specifica-
tions shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to
construction.
Maintenance
Sec. 10.302. (a) General. All sprinkler systems, fire hydrant systems, stand-
pipe systems, fire alarm systems, portable fire extinguishers, smoke and heat
so
17.56.070 Section 10.301 amended —Installation and
maintenance of fire -protection, life -safety systems and
appliances Subsection (g) is hereby added to Section 10.301
to read as follows:
This section applies to all Group B, Division 2 office
and Group R, Division I Occupancies, each having floors used
for human occupancy located more than 55 feet above or below
the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Fire,
life, and emergency systems shall conform to UBC Section 1807
and the City of Huntington Beach Fire Department Specification
Number 417.
Sec. 10.302(a), page 51. Delete the exception.
50.1
1988 EDITION 10.302-10.304
ventilators, smoke -removal systems and other fire -protective or extinguishing
systems or appliances shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times
andshall be replaced or repaired where defective. Fire -protective or extinguishing
systems coverage, spacing and specifications shall be maintained in accordance
with recognized standards at all times. Such systems shall be extended, altered or
augmented as necessary to maintain and continue protection whenever any build-
ing so equipped is altered, remodeled or added to. All additions, repairs, altera-
tions and servicing shall be in accordance with recognized standards.
AMEN DiEXCEPTION: Systems not required by this or any other code need not be
eRtended, altered nor augmented. 44
(b) Systems in High-rise Buildings. The building owner shall be responsible
for assuring that the fire and life safety systems required by Sections 1807 and
1907 of the Uniform Building Code shall be maintained in an operable condition
at all times. Unless otherwise required by the chief, quarterly tests of such systems
shall be conducted by approved persons. A written record shall be maintained and
be made available to the inspection authority.
(c) Smoke -control Systems. Mechanical smoke -control systems, such as in
high-rise buildings, buildings containing atria, covered mall buildings and me-
chanical ventilation systems of smokeproof enclosures, shall be maintained in
operable condition at all times. Unless otherwise required by the chief, quarterly
tests of such systems shall be conducted by approved persons. A written record
shall be maintained and be made available to the inspection authority.
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Sec. 10.303. (a) General. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in
occupancies and locations as set forth in this code, or as may be determined by the
chief.
Portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with U. F C. Standard No. 10- 1.
(b) Prohibited lypes. Vaporizing liquid extinguishers containing carbon tetrach-
loride or chlorobromomethane shall not be installed or used in any location for fire -
protection use.
Soda -acid, foam, loaded stream, antifreeze and water fire extinguishers of the
inverting types shall not be recharged or placed in service for fire -protection use.
(c) Sale of Defective Fire Extinguishers. No person shall sell or trade any form,
type or kind of fire extinguisher which is not approved or which is not in proper
working order, or the contents of which do not meet the requirements of this code,
provided, however, this shall not apply to the sale or trade of fire extinguishers to any
person or firm engaged in the business of selling or handling of such extinguishers or
the sale or exchange of obsolete or damaged equipment for junk.
Fire Protection In Recreational Whicle and Mobile Home Parks
Sec. 10.304. All mobile home and recreational vehicle parks shall provide and
maintain hydrants and access roads in accordance with Sections 10.207 and 10.301.
EXCEPTION: Recreational vehicle parks located in remote areas shall be pro-
vided with protection and access roadways as required by the chief.
51
10.305-10.306 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Installation of Fixed Fire Protection Systems
Sec. 10.305. (a) General. All fire -extinguishing systems required in this code or
the Building Code shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this
article.
All fire hose threads used in connection with fire -extinguishing systems shall be
National Standard hose thread or as approved by the fire department.
In buildings used for high -piled combustible storage, fire protection shall be in
accordance with this code.
(b) Approvals. All fire -extinguishing systems, including automatic sprinkler
systems, Classes 1, 11 and III combined standpipes, Halon systems and other special
automatic extinguishing systems, and basement pipe inlets shall be approved and
shall be subject to periodic tests as may be required. A condition of approval of all
Halon systems shall be satisfactory passage of a full discharge test utilizing an
approved test gas prior to final acceptance of the system. The location of all fire
department hose connections shall be approved by the chief.
(c) Derinitions. For the purpose of this article, the definitions of STANDPIPE
SYSTEM, FIRE DEPARTMENT HOSE CONNECTION and AUTOMATIC
FIRE -EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM are as set forth in Article 9.
(d) Standards. Fire -extinguishing systems shall comply with U.B.C. Standards
Nos. 38-1 and 38-2.
B EXCEPTIONS: 1. Automatic fire -extinguishing systems not covered by U.B.C.
Standard No. 38-1 or38-2 shall be approved and installed in accordance with approved
standards.
2. Automatic sprinkler systems may be connected to the domestic water supply main
when approved by the chief, provided the domestic water supply is of adequate
pressure, capacity and sizing for the combined domestic and sprinkler requirements. In
such case, the sprinkler system connection shall be made between the public water main
or meter and the building shutoff valve, and there shall not be intervening valves or
connections. The fire department connection may be ornitted when approved by the
fire department.
I Automatic Fire -extinguishing Systems
B Sec. 10.306. (a) Where Required. An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall
I be installed in the occupancies and locations as set forth in this section.
B
I For special provisions on hazardous chemicals and magnesium, and calcium
B carbide, see Sections 10. 301 and 45.209 and Articles 48, 49 and 80.
, (b) All Occupancies Except Group R, Division 3 and Group M. Except for
roup, R, Division 3 and Group M Occupancies, an automatic sprinkler system shall
be installed:
B I . In every story or basement of all buildings when the floor area exceeds 1500
square feet and there is not provided at least 20 square feet of opening entirely
above the adjoining ground level in each 50 lineal feet or fraction thereof of
exterior wall in the story or basement on at least one side of the building.
Openings shall have a minimum dimension of not less than 30 inches. Such
52
17.56.080 Section 10.305 amended— Instal I ati on of fixed
fire protection system. Section 10.305 is amended by deleting
exceptions from subsection (d) to read as follows:
(d) Standards. Fire extinguishing systems shall comply
with UBC Standards Nos. 38-1 and 38-2, standards of the State
Fire Marshal, and standards of the Huntington Beach Fire
Department. Whenever such standards may conflict, the most
restrictive shall apply. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86)
17.56.090 Secti on 10.306(b) amended --Automatic fire
extinguishing systems. Section 10.306(b) is amended by
deleting "except Group R, Division 3" from the subtitle and
hereby adding subsection number 5 to read as follows:
(b) All Occupancies Except
Group M.
5. Whenever the total gross floor area exceeds 5,000
square feet for new construction, additions to existing
buildings or change of occupancy classification or as required
below.
17.56.100 Section 10.306(c) amended —Group A.
Occupancies. Section 10.306(c) number's 1 and 3 are amended and
numbers 6, 7, and 8 are hereby added to read as follows:
(c) Group A Occupancies.
1. Drinking establishments. An automatic sprinkler
system shall be installed in rooms used by the occupants for
the consumption of alcoholic beverages and unseparated
accessory uses where the total area of such unseparated rooms
and assembly uses exceeds 5,000 square feet. For uses to be
considered as separated, the separation shall be not less than
as required for a four hour occupancy separation. The area of
other uses shall be included unless separated by at least a
four hour occupancy separation.
3. Exhibition and display rooms. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be installed in Group A Occupancies
which have more than 5,000 square feet of floor area which can
be used for exhibition or display purposes.
6. Other areas. Throughout the building where there is
a stage or enclosed platform.
7. Throughout the building where a portion of the
building above the first floor is used for drinking and/or
dining.
r,9 1
8. Throughout the building when a portion of the
building above the first floor is used for any assembly
purpose, other than drinking and/or dining, with an occupant
load of 50 or more persons.
r-
52.2
is
1988 EDITION
10.306
openings shall be accessible to the fire department from the exterior and shall I
not be obstructed in a manner that fire fighting or rescue cannot be acCOM- B
plished from the exterior. I
When openings in a story are provided on only one side and the opposite
wall of such story is more than 75 feet from such openings, the story shall be
provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system, or openings as B
specified above shall be provided on at least two sides of an exterior wall of I
B
the story. I
If any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet from openings B
required in this section, the basement shall be provided with an approved I
automatic sprinkler system. B
2. At the top of rubbish and linen chutes and in their terminal rooms. Chutes I
extending through three or more floors shall have additional sprinkler heads B
installed within such chutes at alternate floors. Sprinkler heads shall be I
accessible for servicing. B
3. In rooms where nitrate film is stored or handled.
�17 �Mrn)protected comb9stible fiber storage vaults as defined in this code.
I ti. to's
W(c) Group A C upancies. 1. Drinking establishments. An automatic sprinkler
---'--system shall be installed in rooms used by the occupants for the consumption of
alcoholic beverages and unseparated accessory uses where the total area of such
unseparated rooms and assembly uses exceeds 5000 square feet. For uses to be
considered as separated, the separation shall be not less than as required for a one -
hour occupancy separation. The area of other uses shall be included unless separated
by at least a one -hour occupancy separation.
2. Basements. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in basements i
classified as a Group A Occupancy when the basement is larger than 1500 square
feet in floor area.
I �. Exhibition and display rooms. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
sthiled in Group A Occupancies which have more than 12,000 square feet of floor
area which can be used for exhibition or display purposes.
4. Stairs. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in enclosed usable
space below or over a stairway in Group A, Divisions 2, 2.1, 3 and 4 Occupancies. E
5. Other areas. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed under the roof
and gridiron, in the tie and fly galleries and in all places behind the proscenium wall I
of stages; over and within permanent platforms in excess of 500 square feet in area;
and in dressing rooms, workshops and storerooms accessory to such stages or
permanent platforms.
EXCEFFIONS: 1. Stages or platforms open to the auditorium room on three or
more sides.
2. Altars, pulpits or similar platforms and their accessory rooms.
3. Stage gridirons when side -wall sprinklers with 135'E rated heads with heat -baffle
plates are installed around the entire perimeter of the stage except for the proscenium
opening at points not more than 30 inches below the gridiron nor more than 6 inches
below the baffle plate.
53
10.306 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
B 4. Under stage or under platform areas less than 4 feet in clear height used
exclusively for chair or table storage and lined on the inside with materials approved for
one -hour fire -resistive construction.
(d) Group B, Division 2 Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
B installed in retail sales rooms classed as Group B, Division 2 Occupancies where the
I floor area exceeds 12,000 square feet on any floor or 24,000 square feet on all floors
B or in Group 13, Division 2 retail sales occupancies more than three stories in height.
I The area of mezzanines shall be included in determining the areas where sprinklers
B are required.
I
B (e) Group E Occupancies. 1. Basements. An automatic sprinkler system shall
I be installed in basements classified as a Group E Occupancy when the basement is
B larger than 1500 square feet in floor area.
1 2. Stairs. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in enclosed usable
B space below or over a stairway in Group E Occupancies.
(f) Group H Occupancies. 1. Division 1. An automatic fire -extinguishing
5 B
system shall be installed in Group H, Divisions 1, 2, 3 and 7 Occupancies.
B 2. Division 4. An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed in Group
I H, Division 4 Occupancies having a floor area of more than 3000. square feet.
B 3. Division 6. An automatic fire -extinguishing system shall be installed through -
I out buildings containing Group H, Division 6 Occupancies. The design of the
B sprinkler system shall be not less than that required under U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1
1 for the occupancy hazard classifications as follows:
B
I OCCUPANCY HAZARD
LOCATION CLASSIFICATION
I Fabrication areas Ordinary Hazard Group 3
1:5 Service corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 3
1 Storage rooms without dispensing Ordinary Hazard Group 3
Storage rooms with dispensing Extra Hazard Group 2
Exit corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 31
13 1 w hen the design area of the sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by one row of
Isprinklers, the maximum number of sprinklers that need be calculated is 13.
B
I (g) Group I Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in
B Group I Occupancies.
I
B EXCEPTION: In jails, prisons and reformatories, the piping system may be dry,
Iprovided a manually operated valve is installed at a continuously monitored location.
Opening of the valve will cause the piping system to be charged. Sprinkler heads in
such systems shall be equipped with fusible elements or the system shall be designed as
1:5 required for deluge systems in U. B.C. Standard No. 38- 1.
I (h) Group R, Division 1 Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
B installed throughout every apartment house three or more stories in height or
I containing more than 15 dwelling units, and every hotel three or more stories in
B height or containing 20 or more guest rooms. Residential or quick -response stan-
I dard sprinkler heads shaH be used in the dwelling unit and guest room portions of the
B
, building.
54
17.56.110 Section 10.306(d) amended —Group B, Division
2 Occupancies. Section 10.306(d) is amended to read as follows:
(d) Group B, Division 2 Occupancies. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be installed in retail sales rooms
classed as Group B, Division 2 Occupancies where the floor area
exceeds 5,000 square feet gross floor area or in Group B,
Division 2 retail sales occupancies more than three stories in
height. The area of mezzanines shall be included in
determining the areas where sprinklers are required.
17.56.120 Section 10. 306 (i ) added --Automatic fire
extinguishing systems --Group R, Division 3 Occupancies *
Section 10.306 amended by hereby adding subsection M to read
as follows:
(i) Group R, Division 3 Occupancies. An automatic
sprinkler system complying wi th Huntington Beach Fire
Department Standards shall be installed when the total gross
floor area exceeds 5,000 square feet, or has an occupied floor
over three stories, or is over 30 feet in height, as determined
by Department of Community Development.
54.1
1988 EDITION 10.307-10.309
Sprinkler System Supervision Alarms
Sec. 10.307. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be supervised by an approved
central, proprietary or remote station service or a local alarm which will give an
audible signal at a constantly attended location when the number of sprinklers is:
1. 20 or more in Group 1, Division I Occupancies.
2. 100 or more in other occupancies.
AMEND
Permissible Sprinkler Omissions
Sec. 10.308. Subject to the approval of the building official and with the
concurrence of the chief of the fire department, sprinklers may be omitted in
rooms or areas as follows:
1. When sprinklers are considered undesirable because of the nature of the
contents or in rooms or areas which are of noncombustible construction with
wholly noncombustible contents and which are not exposed by other areas.
Sprinklers shall not be omitted from any room merely because it is damp or of fire -
resistive construction.
2. Sprinklers shall not be installed when the application of water or flame and
water to the contents may constitute a serious life or fire hazard, as in the
manufacture or storage of quantities of aluminum powder, calcium carbide,
calcium phosphide, metallic sodium and potassium, quicklime, magnesium pow-
der and sodium peroxide.
3. Safe deposit or other vaults of fire -resistive construction, when used for the
storage of records, files and other documents, when stored in metal cabinets.
4. Communication equipment areas under the exclusive control of a public
communication utility agency, provided:
A. The equipment areas are separated from the remainder of the building by
one -hour fire -resistive occupancy separation; and
B. Such areas are used exclusively for such equipment; and
C . An approved automatic smoke detection system is installed in such areas
and is supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station
service or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly
attended location; and
D . Other approved fire-pTotection equipment such as portable fire extinguish-
ers or Class Il standpipes are installed in such areas.
5. Other approved automatic fire -extinguishing systems may be installed to
protect special hazards or occupancies in lieu of automatic sprinklers.
AME�NV_N'
Standpipes
Sec. 10.309. (a) General. Standpipes shall comply with the requirements of
this section and U.B.C. Standard No. 38-2.
(b) Where Required. Standpipe systems shall be provided as set forth in Table
No. 10. 311.
55
B
B
I B
10.309 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(c) Location of Class I Standpipes. There shall be a Class I standpipe outlet
connection at every floor -level landing of every required stairway above or below
grade and on each side of the wall adjacent to the exit opening of a horizontal exit.
Outlets at stairways shall be located within the exit enclosure or, in the case of
smokeproof enclosures, within the vestibule or exterior balcony, giving access to
the stairway.
Risers and laterals of Class I standpipe systems not located within an enclosed
stairway or smokeproof enclosure shall be protected by a degree of fire resistance
equal to that required for vertical enclosures in the building in which they are
located.
EXCEPTION: In buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler
system, risers and laterals which are not located within an enclosed stairway or
smokeproof enclosure need not be enclosed within fire -resistive construction.
There shall be at least one outlet above the roof line when the roof has a slope of
less than 4 inches in 12 inches.
In buildings where more thaxione standpipe is provided, the standpipes shall be
interconnected at the bottom.
(d) Location of Class 11 Standpipes. Class H standpipe outlets shall be
accessible and shall be located so that all portions of the building are within 30 feet
of a nozzle attached to 100 feet of hose.
In Group A, Divisions 1, 2 and 2.1 Occupancies, with occupant loads of more
than 1000, outlets shall be located on each side of any stage, on each side of the
rear of the auditorium and on each side of the balcony.
Fire-resistant protection of risers and laterals of Class 11 standpipe systems is
not required.
(e) Location of Class III Standpipes. Class III standpipe systems shall have
outlets located as required for Class I standpipes in Section 10.309 (c) and shall
have Class 11 outlets as required in Section 10.309 (d).
Risers and laterals of Class III standpipe systems shall be protected as required
for Class I systems.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. In buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler
system, risers and laterals which are not located within an enclosed stairway or
smokeproof enclosure need not be enclosed within fire -resistive construction.
2. Laterals for Class II outlets on Class III systems need not be protected.
In buildings where more than one Class III standpipe is provided, the stand-
pipes shall be interconnected at the bottom.
56
17.56.130 Section 10.308 amended --Permissible sprinkler
omissions. Section 10.308 is amended by adding thereto number
6 to read as follows:
6. When the gross square footage of the building is
divided into nonsprinklered units by four (4) hour masonry fire
resistive separation walls, the building will not require
sprinklers. The four-hour masonry walls shall have no
openings, shall have parapets 30 inches above the roofline, and
extend horizontally to separate exterior combustible cornices,
canopies, etc.
EXCEPTION: If four-hour masonry walls are not
extended horizontally, a 5 foot distance shall be provided
between the four-hour masonry wall and exterior combustible
cornices, canopies, etc. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86)
17.56.140 Table 10.309 amended --Standpipe Require-
ments. Tabl e 10.309--Standpipe Requirements and footnotes
thereto are amended to read as follows:
No. 5 under "Occupancy,u Table 10.309, is amended
as follows:
"Groups I, H, B, Div. 1, 2 or 3 occupancies and
Group R, Div. I occupancies less than four stories
high but greater than 10,000 square feet per gross
floor area."
No. 5 under "Sprinklered Building," "Standpipe
Class," Table 10.309, is amended as follows:
delete "No Requirement"
add "Class IIV
Footnote No. 7, "Nonsprinklered Bui-lding," is
added to read as follows:
"Open structures to be Class I and II." (Ord.
2865, 12 Nov 86)
56.1
1988 EDITION 10.309-10.313
TABLE NO. 10.309—STANDPIPE REQUIREMENTS
NONSPRINKLERED
SPRINKLERED
BUILDING1
BUILDING23
Standpipe
Hose
Standpipe
H0:6
OCCUPANCY
Class
Requirement
Class
Requir .nt
1. Occupancies exceeding 150 ft.
in height and more than one
III
Yes
I
No
story
2. Occupancies 4 stories or more
[I and 114]
5
1
No
but less than 150 ft. in height,
(or 111)
Yes
except Group R, Div. 3
3. Group A Occupancies with
11
Yes
No
No
occupant load exceeding 10006
requirement
4. Group A, Div. 2.1 Occupancies
over 5000 square feet in area
11
Yes
II
Yes
used for exhibition
5. Groups 1, H, B, Div. 1, 2 or 3
Wmln
Occupancies less than 4 stories
114
Yes
0
No
in height but greater than 20,000
.
requirement
square feet per floor
'Except as otherwise specified in Item No. 4 of this table, Class Il standpipes need not be
provided in basements having an automatic fire -extinguishing system throughout.
2Combined systems with their related water supplies may be used in sprinklered buildings.
3Portions of otherwise sprinklered buildings which are not protected by automatic sprinklers
shall have Class II standpipes installed as required for the unsprinklered portions.
41n open structures where Class 11 standpipes may be damaged by freezing, the building
official may authorize the use ofClass I standpipes which are located as required forClass
11 standpipes.
5Hose is required for Class Il standpipes only.
6CIass 11 stand�*pes ne d iot be provided in assembly areas used solely for worship.
Build] — nder Construction
Sec. 10.310. Fire protection equipment and systems shall be installed and
maintained in buildings under construction in accordance with Article 87.
Basement Pipe Inlets
Sec. 10.311. Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of every
store, warehouse or factory having a basement when required by the building
code. Required basement pipe inlets shall be in accordance with the provisions of
Appendix 111-D.
Ventilating Hood and Duct Systems
See. 10.312. A ventilating hood and duct system shall be provided in accord-
ance with the Mechanical Code for commercial -type food heat -processing equip-
ment that produces grease -laden vapors.
Fire -extinguishing Equipment for Protection of Kitchen Grease
Hoods and Ducts
Sec . 10.313. (a) Where Required. Approved fire -suppression systems shall
57
B
B ==
10.313 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
be provided for the protection of commercial -type food heat -processing equip-
ment.
EXCEPTION: The requirement for protection does not include steam kettleF
and steam tables or equipment which as used does not create grease -laden vapors.
(b) Extent of Protection. The fire- suppression system used to protect ventilat-
ing hoods and ducts and cooking appliances shall be installed to include cooking
surfaces, deep fat fryers, griddles, upright broilers, charbroilers, range tops and
grills. Protection shall also be provided for the enclosed plenum space within the
hood above filters and exhaust ducts serving the hood.
EXCEPTION: That portion of the fire suppression system required for protec-
tion of the plenum space within the hood beyond the filter and within the exhaust duct
serving the hood may be omitted when approved listed grease extractors are in-
stalled.
(c) 1�pe of System. The system used for protection of commercial -type
cooking equipment shall be either a system listed for application with such
equipment or an automatic fixed pipe system that is specifically designed for such
application.
The installation of systems shall comply with the requirements of the Mechani-
cal Code. Listed systems shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the
manufacturer's instructions. Other systems shall be of an approved design and
shall be of one of the following types:
1. Automatic sprinkler system.
2. Dry chemical extinguishing system.
3. Carbon dioxide extinguishing system.
4. Wet chemical extinguishing system.
When carbon dioxide systems are used, there shall be a nozzle at the top of the
ventilating duct. Additional nozzles symmetrically arranged to give equal distri-
bution shall be installed within vertical ducts exceeding 20 feet and horizontal
ducts exceeding 50 feet. In carbon dioxide systems, dampers shall be installed at
either the top or the bottom of the duct. The dampers shall be arranged to operate
automatically in the event that the extinguishing system operates. When the
damper is installed at the top of the duct, the top nozzle shall be immediately
below the damper. The quantity of carbon dioxide in the system shall be sufficient
to protect all hazards venting through a common duct simultaneously.
All automatic fire -extinguishing systems shall be interconnected to the fuel or
current supply so that the fuel or current is automatically shut off to all equipment
under the hood when the system is actuated.
Shutoffs, valves or switches shall be of the type that require manual operation
to reset. In addition, carbon dioxide systems shall be similarly interconnected to
shut off the ventilation fan.
Commercial -type cooking equipment protected by automatic sprinkler systems
shall be controlled by a separate readily accessible indicating -type control valve
that is identified. Where sprinklers are used to protect fryers, each fryer or pair of
fryers shall be protected with a sprinkler arranged to operate at not less than 30 psi.
58
1988 EDITION 10.313-10.402
A readily accessible manually activating device installed at an approved loca-
tion shall be provided for dry chemical, carbon dioxide and wet chemical systems.
The actuation device may be either mechanically or electrically operated. If
electrical power is used, the system shall be connected to a standby power system
and a visual means shall be provided to show that the extinguishing system is
energized.
_(d) Portable Extinguishers. In addition to the, fixed system, portable fire
extinguishers shall be installed near the food -processing equipment in accordance
with U.FC. Standard No. 10-1.
(e) Operation and Maintenance. The ventilation system in connection with
hoods shall be operated at the required level, and grease filters shall be in place
when equipment under a kitchen grease hood is used. If grease extractors are
installed, they shall be operated when the food heat -processing equipment is used.
Extinguishing systems shall be serviced at least every six months or after
activation of the system. Inspection shall be by qualified individuals, and a
certificate of inspection shall be forwarded to the chief upon completion.
Fusible links and automatic sprinkler heads shall be replaced at least annually,
and other protection devices shall be serviced or replaced in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
EXCEPTION: Frangible bulbs need not be replaced annually
Hoods, grease -removal devices, fans, ducts and other appurtenances shall be
cleaned at frequent intervals.
(f) Posting Operation Instructions. Instructions for manually operating the
fire -extinguishing system shall be posted at a conspicuous location within the
kitchen.
Division IV
MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND RESTORATION OF FIRE -
RESISTIVE WALLS AND PARTITIONS, DRAFT -STOP
PARTITIONS AND FIRE -RESISTIVE ASSEMBLIES FOR
PROTECTION OF OPENINGS
Fire -resistive Construction
Sec. 10.401. All required fire -resistive construction, including occupancy
separations, area separation walls, exterior walls due to location on property, fire -
resistive requirements based on type of construction, draft -stop partitions and
roof coverings shall be maintained as specified in the Building Code and this code
and shall be properly repaired, restored or replaced when damaged, altered,
breached, penetrated, removed or improperly installed.
Fire Assembly for Protection of Openings
See. 10.402. (a) Maintenance. All required fire assemblies, including fire
doors, fire windows and fire dampers, along with all required hardware, anchor-
age, frames and sills, shall be maintained as specified in the Building Code or this
59
10.402
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
code. These assemblies shall bear an approved label or other identification
showing the rating thereof and shall be properly repaired, restored or replaced
when damaged, altered, breached, penetrated, removed or improperly installed.
(b) Operation. Fire assemblies shall not be obstructed or otherwise impaireL
from their proper operation at any time.
(c) Identification. When required by the chief, a sign shall be displayed
permanently near or on each required fire door in letters not less than I inch high
to read as follows:
FIRE DOOR
DO NOT OBSTRUCT
60
Sec. 10.402, page 60. Add a subsection as follows:
(d) TESTING
Horizontal or vertical sliding and rolling fire doors
shall be inspected and tested annually by the owner or his
representative to check for proper operation and full closure.
Resetting of the release mechanism shall be done in accordance
with the manufacturer's written instructions. A written record
shal I be maintained and be available to the inspection
authority.
60.1
1988 EDITION 11.101-11.105
ARTICLE 11
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE
Division I
INCINERATORS AND OPEN BURNING
Bonfires and Outdoor Rubbish Fires
Sec. 11.101. (a) Permit Required. For permits to kindle or maintain any
bonfire or rubbish fire, see Section 4.108. Rubbish includes waste material from
the construction or demolition of buildings.
(b) Location Restricted. No person shall kindle or maintain any bonfire or
rubbish fire or authorize any such fire to be kindled or maintained on any private
land unless (1) the location is not less than 50 feet from any structure and adequate
provision is made to prevent fire from spreading to within 50 feet of any structure,
or (2) the fire is contained in an approved waste burner located safely not less than
15 feet from any structure.
(c) Attendance of Open Fires. Bonfires and rubbish fires shall be constantly
attended by a competent person until such fire is extinguished. This person shall
have a garden hose connected to the water supply, or other fire -extinguishing
CD
.-C
equipment readily available for use.
i�e
(d) Chief May Prohibit. The chief may prohibit any or all bonfires and outdoor
F, Cc
rubbish fires when atmospheric conditions or local circumstances make such fires
hazardous.
6.4
Kindling of Fire on Land of Others Restricted
Sec. 11.102. No person shall kindle a fire upon the land of another without
permission of the owner thereof or his agent.
Discarding Burning Objects Prohibited
Sec. 11.103. No person shall throw down or drop any lighted match, cigar,
cigarette or other burning substance in combustible material or in close proximity
thereto.
Hot Ashes and Other Dangerous Materials
Sec. 11.104. No person shall deposit hot ashes or cinders or smoldering coals,
or greasy or oily substances liable to spontaneous ignition, into any combustible
receptacle or place the same within 10 feet of any combustible materials, except in
metal or other noncombustible, covered receptacles. Such receptacles, unless
resting on a noncombustible floor or on the ground outside the buildings, shall be
placed on noncombustible stands and in every case shall be kept at least 2 feet
away from any combustible wall or partition or exterior window opening.
Types and Construction of Incinerators
Sec.11.105. (a) Scope. Incinerators shall comply with the provisions of this
section.
(b) Commercial and Industrial Type. Commercial, industrial and apartment-
61
11.105-11.110 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
type incinerators shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions of the
Building and Mechanical Codes.
(c) Residential Type. Residential incinerators shall be constructed of brick,
concrete hollow tile or other fire -resistive material other than metal, with a
completely enclosed combustion chamber and shall be equipped with a perma-
nently attached spark arrester.
(d) Spark Arresters. Incinerators shall be equipped and maintained with a
spark arrester constructed of iron, heavy wire mesh or other noncombustible
material, with openings not larger than 1/2 inch.
(e) Air Pollution. Incinerators shall be constructed and maintained in accord-
ance with the requirements of any air pollution control district having jurisdiction.
Location
Sec. 11.106. Residential incinerators used in connection with a single-family
dwelling shall be located not less than 5 feet from any wood -frame building or
structure, or other combustible material, or not less than 3 feet from a masonry,
stucco, or similar fire -resistive building or structure with no openings within 5
feet. Any residential incinerator used in connection with any occupancy other
than a single-family dwelling shall be located not less than 10 feet from any
building or property line, provided, further, that the stack of any such incinerator
shall be constructed in accordance with the Mechanical Code and shall terminate
not less than 5 feet from combustible roof, overhang or eave construction.
This restriction shall not apply to barbecue pits and outdoor fireplaces built in
accordance with the Building Code.
Incinerators In Trailer Camps
Sec. 11.107. Incinerators installed in a trailer camp, mobile home park or
permanent camping park shall be of a type approved by the chief. Such incinera-
tors shall be located not less than 5 feet from any property line and 10 feet from
any building, trailer, mobile home or camp site.
Maintenance
Sec. 11.108. Incinerators, barbecue pits and the equipment thereof shall be
maintained in good condition and repair at all times.
Clearance Between Incinerators and Combustibles
Sec. 11.109. A minimum clearance of 10 feet shall be maintained between
incinerators and all rubbish, dry grass, weeds, vegetation and any other combusti-
ble material.
Use of Incinerators Restricted
Sec. 11.110. If the chief finds that burning in incinerators located within 500
feet of the mountainous, brush- or grass -covered areas of the jurisdictional area
during periods of high fire hazard weather conditions, will create an undue fire
hazard, during the existence of such periods a person shall not use any incinerator
whatever for burning.
62
1988 EDITION 11.111-11.201
Chimney Spark Arresters
Sec. 11.111. Chimneys used in conjunction with fireplaces or heating appli-
ances in which solid or liquid fuel is used, upon any cabin, house, hotel, building
or structure located within 200 feet of any mountainous, brush-- or forest -covered
land or land covered with flammable material, shall be maintained with a spark
arrester as required for incinerators.
Hours of Burning
See. 11.112. Waste matter shall not be disposed of by burning except as
follows:
(a) All burning shall take place during hours approved by the chief.
(b) Burning shall be confined to incinerators.
EXCEPTIONS: All burning shall be done in an approved incinerator, except
that outdoor burning of combustible waste matterotherthan papermay be done in the
open if:
I . A permit to engage in such burning is obtained from the chief.
2. Such burning is done at a distance of more than 50 feet from any building,
structure or other combustible waste matter.
3. A garden hose and water supply or other fire -extinguishing equipment is on
hand and a competent person is in constant attendance until all fire has been
extinguished. Applicants for such permit must be in legal control of the lot or
parcel of land on which the burning is to be done.
Burning on Public Property
Sec. 11.113. For permits to burn on public property, see Section 4.108.
Offensive Smoke and Odors
I<Sec. 11.114. Waste matter shall not be burned, under permit or otherwise,
hich shall, in burning, cause or create a dense smoke or odor.
*-169
Attendant for Fire
Sec. 11.115. Except in an approved incinerator, every bonfire, campfire, or
burning of combustible waste matter shall be constantly attended by a competent
person and shall be completely extinguished before being left alone.
Fire Hazard Prohibited
See. 11.116. A person shall not construct, erect, install, maintain or use any
incinerator or barbecue pit or so burn any combustible material as to constitute or
occasion a fire hazard by the use or burning thereof or as to endanger the life or
property of any person thereby
Division 11
COMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE MATERIALS
Accumulation of Waste Material
Sec. 11.201. (a) General. Accumulations of wastepaper, hay, grass, straw,
weeds, litter or combustible or flammable waste material, waste petroleum
63
11.201-11.203 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
products or rubbish of any kind shall not be permitted to remain upon any roof or
in any court, yard, vacant lot or open space. All weeds, grass, vines or other
growth, when same endangers property or is liable to be fired, shall be cut down
and removed by the owner or occupant of the property. When total removal of
growth from a piece of property is impractical due to size or to environmental
factors, approved fuel breaks may be established between the land and the
endangered property The width of the fuel break shall be determined by height,
type and amount of growth, wind conditions, geographical conditions and type of
exposures threatened.
(b) Containers and Removal. Combustible rubbish or waste material, when
kept within or adjacent to a building shall be stored in approved containers
==9*"0eqja*W or in rooms or vaults constructed of noncombustible materials. Metal,
metal -lined or other approved containers equipped with tight -fitting covers shall
be provided for oily rags and similar materials. Combustible rubbish or waste
material, unless stored in approved vaults or rooms, shall be removed from the
building at least once each working day.
(c) Rubbish Under TIrailers. It shall be unlawful to accumulate or store
combustible waste matter beneath trailers or at any other place within an auto and
trailer camp.
(d) Dumpster and Container Location. Dumpsters and containers with an
individual capacity of 1.5 cubic yards (40.5 cubic feet) or greater shall not be
stored in buildings or placed within 5 feet of combustible walls, openings or
combustible roof eave lines.
EXCEPTION: Areas containing dumpsters or containers protected by an ap-
proved automatic sprinkler system.
Handling of Readily Combustible Materials
Sec. 11.202. The person responsible for an occupancy that manufactures, uses,
stores or handles any combustible waste matter such as shavings, excelsior,
rubbish, sacks, bags, litter, hay, straw or other similar combustible materials
which create a fire hazard shall cause all such material to be removed from the
building at least once each working day.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. When such material is completely baled and stacked in an
orderly manner in an approved location so as not to create a fire hazard.
2. When such material is stored in approved vaults or in metal or metal -lined,
covered receptacles or bins.
3. The chief may require such material to be removed more than once each
working day when a fire hazard is created.
The chief may require baling presses to be installed or other approved methods
to ensure that such materials do not create a hazard or menace of fire.
Storage of Readily Combustible Materials
Sec. 11.203. (a) Permit Required. Permits shall be obtained for combustible
material storage when required by Section 4.108.
64
17.56.150 Section 11.114 amended - Offensive sFmore and odors.
Section 11.114 is amended to read as follows:
No material shall be burned, under permit or otherwise, shall,
in burning, cause or create a dense smoke or odor.
63.1
1988 EDITION 11.203-11.207
(b) Storage Requirements. Storage in buildings shall be orderly, shall be more
than 2 feet from the ceiling, and shall be so located as not to endanger exit from the
building. Refer to Article 81 for high -piled stock.
Storage in the open shall not exceed 20 feet in height, shall be so located as not
to constitute a hazard to adjacent buildings or property and shall be compact and
orderly. Such storage is prohibited within 3 feet of any property line and shall not
exceed 6 feet in height when within 10 feet of such property line, except where no
hazard or menace of fire to adjoining property is created thereby.
(c) Equipment Rooms. Boiler rooms, mechanical rooms and electrical panel
rooms shall not be used for the storage of combustible merchandise, material or
equipment.
Flammable Decorative Materials
Sec. 11.204. Cotton batting, either natural, artificial or manufactured, straw,
dry vines, leaves, trees or other highly flammable materials shall not be used for
decorative purposes in show windows or other parts of commercial, industrial or
institutional occupancies unless made flame retardant, provided, however, that
nothing in this section shall be held to prohibit the display of salable goods
permitted and offered for sale. Electric light bulbs in such occupancies shall not
be decorated with paper or other combustible materials unless such materials shall
first have been rendered flame retardant.
Use of Open Flame or Light Restricted
See. 11.205. (a) A person shall not take an open flame or light into any
building, barn, vessel, boat or any other place where highly flammable, combus-
,,Mitible or explosive material is kept, unless such light or flame shall be well secured
k_0
in a glass globe, wire mesh cage or similar approved device.
(b) Heating or lighting apparatus or equipment capable of igniting flammable
materials of the types stored or handled shall not be used in the storage area of any
warehouse storing rags, excelsior, hair or other highly flammable or combustible
material; nor in the work area of any shop or factory used for the manufacture,
repair or renovating of mattresses or bedding; nor in the work areas of any
establishment used for the upholstering of furniture.
Combustible Materials Beneath Structures
Sec. 11.206. Persons having charge or control over any structure, pier or wharf
shall not allow the deposit of combustible materials beneath the structure, pier or
wharf or permit any accumulation of combustible debris or rubbish to remain on
land beneath such structure, pier or wharf.
Combustible Storage in Attic Spaces
Sec. 11.207. Combustible materials shall not be stored in attic areas or similar
spaces.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. When walls, floor and ceiling forming the storage area are
protected on the attic room side as required for one -hour fire -resistive construction.
2. The attic area is protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.
65
11.208-11.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Parade Floats
Sec. 11.208. (a) For permits to operate a parade float, see Section 4.108.
(b) All decorative materials shall be fire resistive or flame retardant.
(c) All motorized apparatus shall be provided with an approved portable fire
extinguisher of at least 2-A, 10-B:C rating readily accessible to the operator.
Atrium Furnishings
Sec. 11.209. (a) The potential heat of combustible furnishings and decorative
materials within atria shall not exceed 9000 Btu per pound when located within an
area of the atrium that is more than 20 feet below ceiling -mounted sprinklers.
(b) All decorative materials shall be noncombustible or shall be flame-retardant
treated and be so maintained.
(c) Devices generating an open flame shall not be used nor installed within
atria.
Division III
FIRE REPORTING AND FALSE ALARMS
Reporting of Fires
Sec. 11.301. In the event a fire occurs or the discovery of a fire, smoke or
unauthorized release of flammable or toxic materials on any property, the owner
or occupant shall immediately report such condition to the fire department.
A fire shall mean any fire not used for cooking, heating or recreational purposes
or one not incidental to the normal operations of the property.
False Alarms
Sec. 11.302. (a) For the purpose of this section a fire alarm shall be deemed and
construed as being any act as follows:
The giving, signaling or transmission to any public f ire station orcompany or to
any officer or employee thereof, whether by telephone, spoken word or other-
wise, information to the effect that there is a fire at or near the place indicated by
the person giving, signaling or transmitting such information.
(b) It shall be unlawful for any person to give, signal or transmit or for any
person to cause or permit to be given, signaled or transmitted in any manner any
false alarm.
(c) It shall be unlawful for any person to tamper with, render inoperative or
maliciously damage any fire alarm equipment maintained for the purpose of
sounding or transmitting fire alarms.
EXCEPTION: Fire alarm systems undergoing approved maintenance or re-
pairs.
(d) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the sounding of any such signal
essential for the carrying on of any fire drill. The chief may require that he be
notified in advance when such signal will be sounded.
66
Section 11.205, page 65. Add a section as follows and
renumber the current Sections 11.205 through 11.209:
INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH 14AINTENANCE
Section 11.205. Interior wall and ceiling finish shall
be maintained in accordance with Chapter 42 of the Building
Code.
65.1
1988 EDITION 11.401-11.404
Division IV
USE OF EQUIPMENT, APPLIANCES AND DEVICES;
VACANT BUILDINGS
Toy Balloons
Sec. 11.401. A person shall not inflate any toy balloon or other similar device
with any toxic, explosive or flammable gas, or sell, give away or furnish any such
balloon or device so inflated. Open -flame generators shall be prohibited.
Projectile Firing
Sec. 11.402. A person shall not, in any brush- or grass -covered area or area
covered with flammable material, possess or fire or cause to be fired any tracer
bullet or tracer charge or any type of projectile that discharges smoldering or
flammable material.
Asphalt Kettles
See. 11.403. (a) Transporting, On Buildings, Extinguishers. It shall be
unlawful to transport or permit to be transported any asphalt kettle beneath which
is maintained any open fire, heated coals or ashes over any highway, road or street.
Asphalt kettles shall not be used inside of or on the roof of any building. There
shall be at least one approved fire extinguisher of a minimum 20-B:C classifica-
tion within 30 feet of each asphalt kettle during the period such kettle is in use, and
one additional 20-13:C classification fire extinguisher on the roof being covered.
EXCEPTION: Asphalt kettles used for patching operations on streets, roads and
highways.
(b) Covers, Location, Attendant. Asphalt kettles shall be equipped with a
tight -fitting cover. A kettle, when in operation, shall be placed a safe distance
from any combustible material or buildings. An attendant shall be within 100 feet
of the kettle at all times while the burner flame is on, with no ladders or similar
obstacles forming a part of the route to be taken to reach the kettle.
EXCEPTION: If a kettle is controlled by an operating thermostat, the above
distance and route limitations do not apply.
Heating Appliances
Sec. 11.404. (a) Guards. Heating appliances shall be listed by the American
Gas Association or other recognized testing agency. The heating element or
combustion chamber in any such appliance shall be permanently guarded so as to
prevent accidental contact by any person or material.
(b) Connections. Gas appliances shall be connected to the gas supply by
approved connectors in conformance with the Mechanical Code.
(c) Flues. Gas appliances shall be vented to approved flues in conformance
with the Mechanical Code.
(d) Clearances. Heating appliances shall be installed and maintained with
clearance from combustibles in conformance with the Mechanical Code.
67
11.405-11.410 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Maintenance of Chimneys and Heating Appliances
Sec. 11.405. Chimneys, incinerators, smokestacks or similar devices for con-
veying smoke or hot gases to the outer air and the stoves, furnaces, fireboxes or
boilers to which they are connected shall be constructed in accordance with the
Mechanical Code and the Building Code and maintained in such a manner as not
to create a fire hazard.
Trapdoors to Be Closed
Sec. 11.406. Trapdoors and scuttle covers except those that are automatic in
their operation, in any building other than a dwelling, shall be kept closed at all
times.
Shaftways to Be Marked
See. 11.407. Outside windows in a building used for manufacturing purposes
or for storage which opens directly on any hoistway or other vertical means of
communication between two or more floors in such buildings shall be plainly
marked with the word "SHAFTWAY" in red letters at least 6 inches high on a
white background; such warning sign to be so placed as to be easily discernible
from the outside of the building. Doors or window openings on such shaftway
from the interior of the building, unless the construction of the partition surround-
ing the shaftway is of such distinctive nature as to make its purpose evident at a
glance, shall be similarly marked with the warning word "SHAFrWAY" so
placed as to be easily visible to anyone approaching the shaftway from the interior
of the building.
Use of Torches or Flame -producing Devices for Sweating Pipe
Joints or Removing Paint
Sec. 11.408. Any person using a torch or other flame -producing device for
removing paint or sweating pipe joints from or in any building or structure shall
provide one approved fire extinguisher or water hose equipped with a suitable
nozzle, sufficient in length to reach all portions of the building and connected to a
water supply on the premises where said burning operation is performed. Com-
bustible material in the close proximity of open flame shall be protected against
ignition by shielding, wetting or other means. In all cases, a fire watch shall be
maintained in the vicinity of the operation for one-half hour after the torch or
flame -producing device has been used.
Open-f lame Warning Lights
See. 11.409. It shall be unlawful to maintain any torch or lantern utilizing an
open flame along any excavation, road or any place where the dislodgement of
such torch or lantern might permit same to roll, fall or slide onto any brush- or
forest-c , overed land or any land containing flammable material.
Open-f lame Devices In Marinas
Sec. 11.410. (a) Permits. For permits for open -flame devices in marinas, see
Section 4.108.
68
1988 EDITION 11.410-11.416
(b) On Exterior of Boats or Slips. Any open -flame device used for lighting or
decoration on the exterior of any boat or on any slip or wharf must be approved by
the chief.
Vacating Premises
Sec 11.411. Upon vacating or abandoning any premises, the occupant thereof
I&M0114'all re*move any and all noxious and hazardous material or waste matter which
7-�
has been deposited, allowed to come to rest or permitted to accumulate thereon,
and such premises shall be left in a clean and neat condition.
Vacant Buildings
Sec. 11.412. Every person owning or in charge or control of any vacant
building shall remove therefrom all accumulations of flammable or combustible
waste or rubbish and shall securely lock, barricade or otherwise secure all doors,
windows and other openings thereof.
Protection of Gas Meters and Piping
Sec. 11.413. When exposed to probable vehicular damage due to proximity to
alleys, driveways or parking areas, aboveground gas meters, regulators and
piping shall be suitably protected.
Posting of Signs on Exterior Doors Blocked by Storage
Sec. 11.414. Any exterior door of a building that is blocked by storage on the
interior side shall have a sign affixed to the exterior side of such door stating THIS
DOOR BLOCKED. The sign shall consist of letters having principal stroke of not
less than 3/4 inch wide and at least 6 inches high on a contrasting background,
provided, however, this provision shall not permit the obstruction of any required
fire department access door or exit door.
Storage of Hazardous Equipment In Buildings
Sec. 11.415. It shall be unlawful to park, store or repair gasoline or gas -fueled
equipment, vehicle, motorcycle, moped or any other similar device, in any
dwelling unit, office, exitway or location that would create a fire or life hazard.
69
12.101-12.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 12
MAINTENANCE OF EXITS AND
OCCUPANT LOAD CONTROL
NOTE: This article has been revised In its entirety.
Division I
MAINTENANCE OF EXITS
Scope
See. 12. 101. This division applies to the maintenance of exits in buildings and
structures used or intended to be used for human occupancy.
Buildings or structures which are not provided with adequate exits are unsafe
and shall be subject to the abatement procedures specified in Section 2.201 (b).
Exits conforming to the requirements of the Building Code under which they
were constructed may be considered as complying exits if, in the opinion of the
chief, they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life. The required fire -resistive
rating of walls, ceilings and openings that are part of an exit shall be maintained.
Buildings or structures that were not constructed under the requirements of
a building code shall meet the minimum requirements of this article and Appen-
dix I -A.
See following articles for additional exit requirements:
Article 24—Helistops
Article 25—Places of Assembly
Article 32—Tents and Air -supported Structures
Article 77—Manufacturing of Explosives
Article 8 1 —High-piled Stock
All references to the Building Code are to the code edition under which the
building was constructed.
Definitions
Sec. 12.102. For the purposes of this article, the definitions set forth in this
code and the Building Code apply.
Exit Obstruction
Sec. 12.103. (a) Obstructions. Obstructions, including storage, shall not be
placed in the required width of an exit, except projections as permitted by the
Building Code. Exits shall not be obstructed in any manner and shall remain free
of any material or matter where its presence would obstruct or render the exit
hazardous.
(b) Aisles. Aisles leading to required exits shall be provided from all portions of
buildings. The width and spacing of aisles shall be maintained as required by
Section 25.107.
70
Section 11.411, page 69. Revise as follows:
VACATING PREMISES
Section 11.411. Upon vacating or
premises, the owner or occupant thereof shal
all noxious and hazardous material or waste
been deposited, allowed to come to rest
accumulate thereon, and such premises shall be
and neat condition.
69.1
abandoning any
I remove any and
matter which has
or permitted to
left in a clean
1988 EDITION 12.103-12.104
(c) Fire Escape. When fire escapes are used as an approved exit they shall be
maintained in accordance with this code. Fire escapes and related balconies,
ladders, landings and operating devices shall not be obstructed in any manner.
Doors
Sec. 12.104. (a) General. Exit doors shall be maintained as provided in this
article. All exit doors shall be maintained in an operable condition. Doors
installed as part of required fire assemblies shall be maintained in accordance with
Section 10.402.
(b� Locking Devices. Exit doors shall be openable from the inside without the
use of a key or any special knowledge or effort. Exit doors shall not be locked,
chained, bolted, barred, ' latched or otherwise rendered unusable. All locking
devices shall be of an approved type.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. In Group B Occupancies, key -locking hardware may be used
on the main exit when the main exit consists of a single door or pair of doors if there is
a readily visible, durable sign on, or adjacent to, the door stating THIS DOOR TO
REMAIN UNLOCKED DURING BUSINESS HOURS. This sign shall be in letters
not less than I inch high on a contrasting background. When unlocked, the single
door or both leaves of a pair of doors must be free to swing without operation of any
latching device. The use of this exception may be revoked by the chief or building
official for due cause.
2. Exit doors from individual dwelling units and guest rooms of Group Rbccu-
pancies having an occupant load of ten or less may be provided with a night latch,
dead bolt or security chain, provided such devices are openable from the inside
without the use of a key or tool and mounted at a height not to exceed 48 inches above
the finished floor.
Manually operated edge- or surface -mounted flush bolts and surface bolts are
prohibited. When exit doors are used in pairs and approved automatic flush bolts
are used, the door leaf having the automatic flush bolts shall have no door knob or
surface -mounted hardware. The unlatching of any leaf shall not require more than
one operation.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Group R, Division 3 Occupancies.
2. When a pair of doors serving a room not normally occupied are needed for the
movement of equipment, manually operated edge or surface bolts may be used and a
door closer need not be provided on the inactive leaf.
(c) Special Egress -control Devices. Where special time -delay egress -control
devices are installed in accordance with the Building Code they shall be main-
tained in a workable condition.
(d) Panic Hardware. Panic hardware, when installed, shall comply with the I
requirements of the Building Code. The activating member shall be mounted at a 13
height of not less than 30 inches nor more than 44 inches above the floor. The I
unlatching force shall not exceed 15 pounds when applied in the direction of exit B
travel. I
When balanced doors are used and panic hardware is required, panic hardware
shall be of the push -pad type and the pad shall not extend across more than one half
of the width of the door measured from the latch side.
71
L
C
t
12.104-12.108
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
B (e) Door Identification. Exit doors shall be so marked that they are readily
I distinguishable from adjacent construction.
B
I Exit Corridors
B Sec. 12.105. (a) General. Exit corridors shall be maintained as specified in -the
Building Code. Partitions, rails, counters and similar space dividers not over 5
feet 9 inches in height above the floor shall not be construed as forming a corridor.
Stairways and Ramps
Sec. 12.106. (a) General. Exit stairways shall be maintained in accordance
with the Building Code.
(b) Barriers. Barriers provided inexit stairway to prevent exit traffic ascend-
ing or descending a stairway from going beyond the grade level shall be main-
tained in an operable condition.
(c) Storage Under Stairways. Storage is prohibited under exit stairways.
EXCEPTION: Storage may be permitted under interior or exterior stairways
when such stairways are not within exit enclosures and such spaces are protected on
the enclosed side by one -hour fire -resistive construction as specified in the Building
Code.
(d) Stairway Identification. Approved stairway identification signs shall be
located at each floor level in all enclosed stairways in buildings four or more
stories in height. The sign shall identify the stairway, indicate whether there is roof
access, the floor level, and the upper and lower terminus of the stairway. The sign
shall be located approximately 5 feet above the floor landing in a position which is
readily visible when the door is in the open or closed position. In setting the
requirements for stairway identification signs the chief may be guided by Appen-
dix I-C.
(e) Enclosures. Stair and ramp enclosures required by the Building Code shall
be maintained and shall have no openings except exit doorways and openings in
exterior walls.
(f) Ramps. Ramps used as exits shall be maintained in accordance with the
Building Code.
Exit Illumination
Sec. 12.107 (a) General. Exit illumination shall be provided and maintained in
accordance with the Building Code. Exits shall be illuminated when the building
or structure is occupied.
(b) Emergency Power Equipment. Equipment providing emergency power
for exit illumination and exit signs shall be maintained in an operable condition.
Exit Signs
Sec. 12.108. (a) General. Exit signs shall be installed at required exit door-
B ways and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate the direction of egress
when the exit serves an occupant load of 50 or more. All required exit signs shall
be maintained in accordance with this article.
72
1988 EDITION 12.108-12.203
EXCEPTION: Main exterior exit doors which obviously and clearly are identi-
fiable as exits need not be signed when approved by the building official or chief.
(b) Additional Exit Signs. When the exit way is not easily identified from any
part of a building, regardless of occupant load, the chief may require additional
signs, lights or markings to assure that the exit way meets the intent of this code.
(c) Graphics. The color and design of lettering, arrows and other symbols on
exit signs shall be in high contrast with their background. Words on the sign shall
be in block letters 6 inches in height with a stroke of not less than 3/4 inch.
(d) Exit Sign Illumination. Exit signs shall be illuminated either internally or
externally in accordance with the Building Code. Where emergency power sup-
plies are required for exit illumination, exit signs shall be illuminated by emer-
gency power.
Discharge, Dispersal and Refuge
Sec. 12.109. (a) General. Areas designated for occupant discharge, dispersal
or refuge shall be maintained unobstructed and clear of storage.
(b) Exit Plans. Approved plans for exiting shall be posted when required by the
chief.
(c) Special Exit Facilities. When special conditions exist for exiting, such as
exits through an adjacent room, exit courts and exterior exits, the exit system shall
be maintained. When areas in a room are dedicated for exit use, the spaces so
dedicated shall remain usable at all times the building is occupied.
Division 11
OCCUPANT LOAD CONTROL
General
See. 12.201. This division applies to:
1. Occupancies where the allowable occupant loads are required to be posted by
the Building Code.
2. Occupancies where the use of the room or building may consist of a variety of
configurations involving seating, aisles and exit arrangements.
3. Tents, air -supported structures, grandstands, bleachers, temporary review-
ing stands and similar structures.
Permits
Sec. 12.202. For permits to operate occupancies covered under this division,
see Section 4.108.
OccupantLdad
Sec. 12.203. (a) General. Except as provided in this article, the occupant load
approved for any area of a building or space shall not be exceeded. The maximum
permitted occupant load shall be posted as set forth in the Building Code.
73
12.203-12.205
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(b) Areas Without Fixed Seating. The occupant load in multipurpose rooms
and in areas without fixed seating shall not exceed the posted occupant load
except as set forth in Section 12.204.
Increased Occupant Load
AMEND Sec. 12.204. The occupant load of approved areas may be increased above the
posted load when approved by the chief. The chief may take into account factors
such as the exit system, additional fire -protection devices, early warning systems,
monitors, standby fire fighters, wardens and the like. See Article 25 for require-
ments for standby personnel at assembly functions.
Exit Arrangements
Sec. 12.205. (a) General. Fixed seating shall not be altered from that approved
in the Building Code except as provided in this article.
74
Section 12.204, page 74. Revise as follows:
INCREASING OCCUPANT LOADS
Section 12.204. Occupant loads of approved areas may
be increased for special events above the posted load as set
forth in Section 25.114(b) by permit. See Section 4.108.
The permit shall state:
1. Amount of increase over posted load allowed.
2. Type of situation or event.
3. Duration permit is in effect.
4. Prescribed conditions under which the increase
will be allowed, such as, but not limited to, exit
systems, additional fire protection devices,
early -warning systems, monitors and standby
personnel per Article 25.
74.1
1988 EDITION
ARTICLE 13
SMOKING
13.101-13.105
Designated Areas Where Smoking Shall Be Prohibited
Sec. 13.101. Where conditions are such as to make smoking a hazard in any
areas of piers, wharves, warehouses, stores, industrial plants, institutions,
schools, places of assembly and in open spaces where combustible materials are
stored or handled, the chief is empowered and authorized to order the owner or
occupant in writing to post NO SMOKING signs in each building, structure,
room or place in which smoking shall be prohibited. Such signs shall be conspic-
uously and suitably located. The chief shall designate specific safe locations, if
necessary, in any building, structure or place in which smoking may be permitted.
Smoking
Sec. 13.102. (a) In Mountains or Forests. It shall be unlawful for any person
during that period of the year declared by the chief as the hazardous season to
light, ignite or otherwise set fire to or to smoke any tobacco, cigarette, pipe or
cigar in or upon any mountainous, brush- or forest -covered land, or land covered
with any flammable material, or upon any road or trail traversing any such
mountainous, brush- or forest -covered land or land covered with flammable
material, provided, however, that nothing in this section shall apply to the area
within the boundaries of any established smoking areas as designated by the chief.
(b) Smoking of Bees. It shall be unlawful for any person to utilize any lighted or
smoldering material in connection with smoking of bees or in or near any apiary
located in or upon any mountainous, brush- or forest -covered land, or land
covered with flammable material, without first having obtained a permit to do so
from the chief.
"No Smoking" Signs
Sec. 13.103. The lettering, size, color and location of legally required NO
SMOKING signs shall be subject to the approval of the chief.
Removal of Signs Prohibited
Sec. 13.104. It shall be unlawful for any person to remove or mutilate or
destroy any legally required NO SMOKING sign.
Compliance With "No Smoking" Signs
Sec. 13.105. It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke or throw or deposit
any lighted or smoldering substance in any place where NO SMOKING signs are
posted or in any other place where smoking would occasion or constitute a fire or
life hazard.
75
14.101-14.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 14
FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
Scope
Sec. 14.101. This article governs the requirements for the installation and
maintenance of fire alarm systems in all occupancies as specified herein. The
regulations contained in this article require the installation of electrically super-
vised fire alarm systems.
Fire alarm systems shall be in accordance with this section. For the purposes of
this section, area separation walls shall not define separate buildings.
Definitions
Sec. 14.102. ALARM SIGNAL is an audible or visual signal, or both,
indicating the existence of an emergency fire condition. Audible devices may be
bells, horns, chimes,- speakers or similar devices. Voice alarms and their mes-
sages shall be approved by the chief.
ALARM SYSTEM is a combination of approved compatible devices with the
necessary electrical interconnection and energy to produce an alarm signal in the
event of fire or system activation.
ANNUNCIATOR is equipment which indicates the zone or area of a building
from which an alarm has been initiated, the location of an alarm initiating device
or the operational condition of the alarm circuits of the system.
COMPATIBLE means tested by a nationally recognized testing agency to
function properly with the control unit monitoring the system.
CONTROL UNIT is a unit comprising the controls, relays, switches and
associated circuits necessary to (1) distribute power to a fire alarm system, (2)
receive,signals from alarm initiating devices and transmit them to alarm signaling
devices and accessory equipment, and (3) electrically supervise the system
circuitry.
INITIATING DEVICE is any manually or automatically operated equipment
which, when activated, initiates an alarm through an alarm signaling device.
SIGNALING DEVICE is equipment that produces an approved alarm signal.
SMOKE DETECTOR is an approved device whichs'enses visible or invisible
particles of combustion. The detector shall bear a label or other identification
issued by an approved testing agency having a service for inspection of materials
and workmanship at the factory during fabrication and assembly.
ZONE is a building or defined area of a building as approved by the chief for
purposes of identifying locations.
General Requirements
Sec. 14.103. (a) Plans and Specifications. Complete plans and specifications
of all fire alarm systems shall be submitted for review and approval prior to system
installation. Plans and specifications shall include, but not be limited to, a floor
plan" location of all initiating and signaling devices, control- and trouble-
76
1988 EDITION 14.103-14.104
signaling equipment, annunciation, power connection, battery calculations, wir-
ing type and sizes.
(b) System Design. Fire alarm systems, automatic fire detectors, emergency
voice/alarm communication systems and notification devices shall be designed,
installed and maintained in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 14-1 and other
nationally recognized standards.
AMEN&) Equipment. All systems and components shall be listed and approved for
the -purpose for which installed. All components shall be compatible.
M,�%6cceptance Test. Upon completion of the installation or alteration, a
I
satfsfktory test of the entire system shall be made in the presence of the chief. All
functions of the system shall be tested.
(e) Certification. The permittee shall provide written certification to the chief
that the sy I stem has been installed in accordance with the approved plans and
specifications.
(f) Location/Security. The control unit, remote annunciator panel and access
keys to locked fire alarm equipment shall be installed and maintained in a location
approved by the chief.
(g) Instructions. Written operating instructions shall be provided at a location
approved by the chief.
Required Installations
See. 14.104. (a) General. An approved fire alarm system shall be installed
when required by this section.
(b) lype of System. A manual or automatic fire alarm system or both shall be
installed in occupancies in accordance with the following:
1. A manual fire alarm system shall be installed in:
A. Group A, Divisions 1, 2 and 2.1 Occupancies
B. Group H Occupancies used for the manufacture of organic coatings
C. Group H, Division 6 Occupancies as set forth in Article 51
2. An automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in:
A. Group B, Division 2 Occupancies as set forth in Chapter 33 of the
Building"Code
B. As set forth in Article 81 of this code
3. A manual and automatic fire alarm s stem shall be installed in:
" y
- - A. Group E Occupancies having more than 50 occupants and as set forth
in Chapter 33 of the Building Code
B. Group I Occupancies
C. Group R, Division I Occupancies specified in Subsection (c).
(c) Group R, Division I Occupancies. A manual and automatic fire alarm
system shall be installed in apartment houses three or more stories in height or
containing more than 15 dwelling units and in hotels three or more stories in height
or containing 20 or more guest rooms.
77
AM
14.104-14.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
EXCEPTIONS: 1. A fire alarm system need not be installed in buildings not
overtwo stories in height when all individual dwelling units and contiguous attic and
crawl spaces are separated from each other and from public or co mmon areas by at
least one -hour fire -resistive occupancy separations and each individual dwelling
unit or guest room has an exit direct to a public way, exit court or yard, exterior
stairway or exterior exit balcony.
2. A separate fire alarm system need not be installed in buildings which are
protected throughout by an approved supervised fire sprinkler system conforming to
the Building Code and U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 and having a local alarm to notify
all occupants.
Alarm systems for Group R, Division I Occupancies having interior corridors
serving as a required exit for an occupant load of ten or more shall consist of not
less than an approved and listed system -type smoke detector installed within such
corridors in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. When activated,
such detectors shall initiate an alarm which is audible throughout the building.
The fire alarm system for Group R, Division I Occupancies other than those
specified above shall be provided with manual sending stations or, equivalent
alternate protection in location as required by the chief.
D An approved and listed system -type automatic detector shall be installed
within common areas such as recreational roomi, aundry rooms and furnace
rooms of buildings containing Group R, Division I Occupancies.
The detectors shall be installed on the ceiling or wall of such rooms in accord-
ance with the manufacturer's installation instructions and, when activated, shall
initiate an alarm which is audible throughout the building.
(d) High-rise Office Buildings and Group R, Division I Occupancies. A fire
[Ealarm and communication system complying with the provisions of Section 1807
of the Building Code shall be installed in:
A. Group B, Division 2 office buildings having floors used for human occu-
pancy located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department
vehicle access.
B . Group R, Division I Occupancies having floors used for human occupancy
located more than 15 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle
access.
Smoke Detectors in Dwelling Units and Guest Rooms. Smoke detectors
shall be installed as required by U.B.C. Section 1210 (a) in dwelling units and
hotel or lodging house guest rooms. Detectors may not be interconnected into a
fire alarm system.
Special Provisions
Sec. 14.105. (a) Monitoring. When required by the chief, fire alarm systems
shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service
or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended location.
(b) Connection to Other Systems. A fire alarm system shall not be used for
any purpose other than fire warning unless approved by the chief.
78
1988 EDITION
14.105-14.108
(c) Annunciation. Fire alarm systems shall be divided into zones- when re-
quired by the chief. When two or more zones are required, visible annunciation
shall be provided in a location approved by the chief.
Maintenance
Sec. 14.106. (a) Maintenance and Rsting. Fire alarm systems shall be
AMENRaintained and tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. The
chief shall establish minimum requirements for periodic testing of fire alarm
systems.
(b) Fire Department Notification. The chief shall be notified whenever any
required fire alarm system is placed temporarily out of service and upon restora-
tion of service.
Automatic Telephone Dialing Devices
Sec. 14.107. Automatic telephone dialing devices to transmit an emergency
alarm shall not be connected to any fire department telephone number unless
approved by the chief.
False Alarms
Sec. 14.108. In the event of temporary failure of the alarm system or an
excessive number of false alarm activations, the chief may order the building
AM Ewwner or occupant to provide standby personnel as defined by Section 25.117
until the system is restored.
79
24.101-24.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
PARTIV
SPECIAL OCCUPANCY USES
ARTICLE 24
AIRPORTS, HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS
Division I
GENERAL
Scope
Sec. 24.101. This article shall apply to all airports, heliports, helistops and
aircraft hangars.
Permits
S ec. 24.102. For permits to use structures or enclosures for aircraft servicing or
repair and aircraft refueling vehicles, see Section 4.108.
Dispensing Flammable or Combustible Liquids
Sec. 24.103. No dispensing, transfer or storage of flammable or combustible
liquids shall be permitted inside of any building or structure, except as provided in
Article 79.
Transferring Fuel
Sec. 24.104. No flammable or combustible liquid shall be dispensed into or
removed from the fuel system of an aircraft within any aircraft hangar.
No flammable or combustible liquid shall be dispensed into or removed from a
container, tank, vehicle or aircraft except in a location approved by the chief.
Application of Flammable or Combustible Liquid Finishes
Sec. 24.105. The application of Class I or 11 liquid finishes shall be done only in
locations approved by the chief.
Cleaning Parts
Sec. 24.106. It shall be unlawful for any person to clean any aircraft, engines or
parts of aircraft in an aircraft hangar or within 50 feet of another aircraft, building
or hangar with any flammable liquid.
Drip Pans
Sec. 24.107. Every aircraft hangar shall be equipped and maintained with
metal drip pans under the engines of all aircraft stored or parked therein.
Open Flame
Sec. 24.108. Open flame, flame -producing device or other source of ignition
shall not be permitted in any hangar, except in approved locations.
80
Section 14.103(c), page 77. Revise as follows:
(c) EQUIPMENT. Systems and components shall be listed
and approved for the purpose for which installed.
Section 14.103(d), page 77. Revise as follows:
(d) ACCEPTANCE TEST. Upon completion of the
installation, a satisfactory test of the entire system shall be
made in the presence of the chief. All functions of the system
or alteration shall be tested.
Section 14.104(c), page 78. Revise the fourth paragraph as
fol I ows:
An approved and listed system -type automatic detector
shall be installed within common areas such as recreational
rooms, laundry rooms and furnace rooms of buildings containing
Group R, Division I Occupancies.
17.56.160 Section 14.104(d) amended - Fire alarm systems - -
required installations - - high-rise office building Group R,
Division I Occupancies. Section 14.104(d) is amended to read
as follows:
(d) HIGH-RISE OFFICE BUILDINGS' AND GROUP R, DIVISION 1
OCCUPANCIES. A fire alarm and communication system comply-
ing with the provisions of Section 1807 of the Building Code
shall be installed in:
A. Group B, Division 1 office buildings having floors
used for human occupancy located more than 55 feet
above the lowest level of fire department vehicle
access.
B. Group R, Division 1. Occupancies having floors for
human occupancy located more than 55 feet above
the lowest fire department vehicle access.
79.1
Section 14.104(e), page 78. Revise as follows:
(e) SMOKE DETECTORS IN DWELLING UNITS AND GUEST ROOKS.
Smoke detectors shall be installed as required by the Building
Code Section 1210(a) in dwelling units and hotel or lodging
house quest rooms. Such detectors shall not be connected to a
fire alarm system.
E)(CEPTION: Connection of such detectors for annunciation
only.
Section 14.106(a), page 79. Revise as follows:
(a) MAINTENANCE AND TESTING. All fire alarm systems
shall be maintained and tested as set forth in this article and
in accordance with nationally recognized standards. All fire
alarm and detection systems shall be tested as set forth in UFC
Standard No. 14-2 and in accordance with nationally recognized
standards.
Section 14.108, page 79. Revise as follows:
ACCIDENTAL ALARMS
Section 14.108. In the event of temporary failure of
the alarm system or an excessive number of accidental alarm
activations, the chief may require the building owner or
occupant to provide standby personnel as defined by Section
25.117 until the system is restored.
79.2
1988 EDITION 24.109-24.113
Smoking
Sec. 24.109. NO SMOKING signs shall be provided in accordance with the
provisions of Article 13.
Running Engines
Sec. 24.110. No person shall run the engine of any aircraft in any aircraft
hangar except in approved engine test areas.
Repairing Aircraft
Sec. 24.111. All repairing of aircraft requiring the use of open flames, spark -
producing devices or the heating of parts above 500'E shall be done in the open or
in an area conforming to the provisions of the Building Code for a Group H,
Division 5 Occupancy
Combustible Storage
Sec. 24.112. No person shall store combustible materials or other hazardous
materials in an aircraft hangar, except in locations and containers approved by the
chief.
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Sec. 24.113. (a) General. Portable fire extinguishers suitable for flammable or
combustible liquid and electrical -type fires shall be provided as specified by the
chief.
(b) On Towing Vehicles. Every vehicle used for towing aircraft shall,6e
equipped with at least one fire extinguisher having a minimum 20-B:C classifica-
tion, as designated in U. F C. Standard No. 10- 1.
-C
C==
(c) On Welding Apparatus. Every welding apparatus shall be equipped with
at least one fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2-A: I O-B:C as desig-
nated in U.EC. Standard No. 10-1.
(d) On Aircraft Refuelers. Every aircraft reftieler shall be equipped with a
minimum of two 20-B:C fire extinguishers, as determined in U.EC. Standard No.
10-1. A fire extinguisher shall be readily accessible from either side of the
vehicle.
(e) At Service Stations. Portable fire extinguishers shall be available at aircraft i
service stations in accordance with Items 1, 2 and 3 of this section. Extinguishers I
shall be so located that no pump or dispenser is more than 75 feet from one such
extinguisher.
1'. When the open -hose discharge capacity of the aircraft fueling system is not
more than 200 gallons per minute, at least two extinguishers having a
minimum 20-B:C classification, as determined by U.FC. Standard No.
10- 1, shall be provided.
2. When the open -hose discharge capacity of the aircraft fueling system is
more than 200 gallons per minute but not over 350 gallons per minute, at
least one wheeled extinguisher having a minimum 80-B:C classification, as
determined by U. E C. Standard No. 10- 1, and having a minimum capacity
of 125 pounds of agent, shall be provided.
81
24.113-24.118 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3. When the open -hose discharge capacity of the aircraft fueling system is
more than 350 gallons per minute, at least two wheeled extinguishers
having a minimum 80-B:C classification each, as determined by U.F.C.
Standard No. 10- 1, and having a minimum capacity of 125 pounds of agent
each, shall be provided.
(f) Reporting Use. Use of any fire extinguisher equipment under any circum-
stances shall be reported to the manager of the airport and the chief immediately
after use.
Aircraft Service Station
Sec. 24.114. It shall be unlawful for any person to install, operate or maintain
any aircraft service station, except in accordance with the provisions of Article
79.
Transferring apparatus used or intended to be used for fueling aircraft shall be
approved and shall be installed, operated and maintained in accordance with the
applicable provisions of this article.
Pumps
Sec. 24.115. All pumps of a positive displacement type shall be provided with a
bypass relief valve set at a pressure of not more than 35 percent in excess of the
normal working pressure of such unit. Such units shall be equipped and main-
tained with a pressure gage on the discharge side of the pump.
Dispensing Hose and Nozzles
Sec. 24.116. Only hose which is designed for the transferring of hydrocarbon
liquids will be permitted.
The length of hose shall be limited to the actual needs of the individual transfer
apparatus. Such hose shall be equipped with an approved shutoff nozzle. Fuel
transfer nozzles shall be of self -closing type, designed to be actuated by hand
pressure only. No notches or other devices shall be used for holding nozzle valve
handle in open position. Such nozzles shall be equipped with a grounding cable
complete with proper attachment for aircraft to be serviced.
Protection of Electrical Equipment
Sec. 24.117. Electric wiring, switches, lights and other sources of ignition,
when located in a compartment housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, water
separators, hose reels, etc., shall be enclosed in a vapor -tight housing. Electrical
motors located in such a compartment shall be of a type approved for use as
specified in the Electrical Code.
Venting of Equipment Compartments
Sec. 24.118. Compartments housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, water
separators, hose reels, etc., shall be adequately ventilated at floor level or within
the floor itself.
82
1988 EDITION 24.119-24.201
Accessory Equipment
Sec. 24.119. Ladders, hose reels and similar accessory equipment shall be of
an approved type and constructed substantially as follows:
I . Ladders constructed of noncombustible material may be used with or
attached to any aircraft refueler unit, provided the manner of attachment or
use of such ladder is approved and shall not occasion or constitute any
additional fire or accident hazard in the operation of such refueler unit.
2. Hose reels used in connection with any such refueler unit shall be con-
structed of noncombustible materials and shall be provided with a packing
gland or othe I r device which will preclude fuel leakage between such reel
and the fuel manifold in connection therewith.
Bonding and Grounding
Sec. 24.120. (a) General. Every transfer apparatus shall be metallically inter-
connected with the tank, chassis, axles and springs of every aircraft refueler unit.
(b) Grounding Cables. Every aircraft refueler unit shall be provided and
maintained with a substantial heavy-duty ground cable of sufficient length to be
bonded to the aircraft to be serviced. Such cable shall be metallically connected to
the transfer apparatus or chassis of the aircraft refueler unit on one end and shall be
provided with a suitable metal clamp on the other end, to be fixed to the aircraft.
The ground cable shall be bare or have a transparent protective sleeve and be
carried on a reel or in a compartment provided for no other purpose in such a
manner that it will not be subjected to sharp kinks or accidental breakage under
conditions of general use.
Regulations Not Covered
Sec. 24.121. Any regulation not specifically contained herein pertaining to
airports, aircraft hangars and appurtenant operations shall comply with nationally
recognized standards. (See U.FC. Standard No. 24-1.)
Division 11
REFUELER UNITS
Construction of Aircraft Refuelers
Sec. 24.201. (a) General. Tank vehicles shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with U.FC- Standards Nos. 24-1 and 79-4. For permits to operate
refueling vehicles, see Section 4.108.
(b) Transfer Apparatus. Every aircraft refueler unit shall be equipped and
maintained with an approved transfer apparatus.
I . If such transfer apparatus is operated by an individual unit of the internal
combustion motor type, such power unit shall be located as remotely as
practicable from any pumps, piping, meters, air eliminators, water separa-
tors, hose reels, etc., and shall be housed in a separate compartment from
any of the aforementioned items; the fuel tanks in connection therewith shall
be suitably designated and installed, and the maximum capacity shall not
83
24.201-24.203 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
exceed 5 U.S. gallons when such tank is installed on any such engine in any
compartment housing any such engine. The exhaust pipe, muffler and tail
pipe shall be shielded.
2. If operated by gears or chains, the gears, chains, shafts, bearings, housing
and all parts thereof shall be of an approved design and shall be installed in a
workmanlike manner and so maintained.
3. Flexible connections for the purpose of eliminating vibration may be per-
mitted if the material used therein is designated, installed and maintained in
an approved manner and provided such connections do not exceed 24 inches
in length.
Operation, Maintenance and Use of Aircraft Refueler Units
Sec. 24.202. The following regulations shall apply to the operation, mainte-
nance and use of aircraft refueler units in addition to all other applicable provi-
sions of this article.
I . Aircraft refueler units shall be stored outside of, and not less than 50 feet
from, any building at a location approved by the manager of the airport and
the chief.
2. Mechanical repairs on such units shall be done only at approved locations.
Minor adjustments or repairs may be made when necessary to move such
unit to the storage location when failure occurs elsewhere in the airport.
3. Every aircraft refueler unit which is operated by any person other than the
permittee or his regularly authorized employee shall be provided with a
legible sign visible from the outside thereof showing the name of the person,
firm or corporation operating such unit.
Fueling and Defueling
See. 24.203 (a) Parking Location. Aircraft refueler units shall not be located,
parked or permitted to stand under any portion of an aircraft nor in any position
where such unit would obstruct egress from any aircraft should fire occur during
fuel transfer operations.
(b) Bonding and Grounding. Every aircraft refueler unit shall be electrically
bonded to the aircraft being fueled or defueled and either the aircraft refueler unit
or the aircraft shall be adequately grounded in an approved manner. A drag chain
or flexible ground conductor shall not be deemed to fulfill the requirements of this
section for grounding during fuel transfer.
Transfer nozzles shall be equipped with approved bonding conductors which
shall be clipped or otherwise positively engaged with the bonding attachment
provided on the aircraft adjacent to the fuel tank cap.
All bonding and ground connections required by this section shall be made
prior to any fuel transfer and shall not be disconnected until fuel transfer opera-
tions are completed.
(c) Transfer Personnel. During fuel transfer operations, a qualified person
shall be in control of each transfer nozzle and another qualified person shall be in
immediate control of the fuel -pumping equipment to shut off or otherwise control
84
1988 EDITION 24.203-24.208
the flow of fuel from the time fueling operations are begun until they are com-
pleted.
EXCEPTION: For underwing refueling, the person stationed at the point of fuel
intake is not required.
(d) Hold -open Devices on'Nozzles. Fuel transfer nozzles shall not be held in
the open position by any device other than by direct hand pressure of the operator.
Qualif led Operator
Sec. 24.204. Aircraft refueler units shall be attended and operated only by
persons instructed in methods of proper use and operation and who are qualified to
use such refueler units in accordance with minimum safety requirements. Each
qualified operator shall be required to carry on his person an identification card
issued by his employer certifying his qualifications.
Protection of Hose
. Sec. 24.205. Fuel transfer hose shall be properly placed on the approved reel or
in the compartment provided, or may be stored on top decking of refueler, if
proper height rail is provided for security and protection of such equipment before
any aircraft refueler unit is moved. Such transfer hose shall not be looped or
draped over any part of the refueler unit, except as herein provided, nor shall fuel
transfer hose be dragged when such refiteler unit is moved from one fueling
position to another.
Maintenance
Sec. 24.206. Every aircraft refueler unit and all equipment used in connection
therewith shall be maintained in a safe operating condition and good repair at all
times.
On finding any aircraft servicing equipment which is in use during fueling
operations to be defective or in a state of disrepair, and by reason of such defect or
state of disrepair the use of such aircraft servicing equipment constitutes an undue
fire hazard, the chief shall order the use of such equipment discontinued until such
repairs, replacements or changes are made as may be necessary to render the same
safe for continued use. No person shall use any such defective equipment until the
same is rendered safe to the satisfaction of the chief.
Loading and Unloading
Sec. 24.207. Aircraft refueler units shall be loaded only at an approved loading
rack, except, when defiteling aircraft, such unit may be loaded from the fuel tanks
of aircraft.
The fuel cargo of any such unit shall be unloaded only by approved transfer
apparatus into the fuel tanks of aircraft, underground storage tanks or approved
gravity storage tanks.
Passengers
Sec. 24.208. Passenger traffic may be permitted during the time fuel transfer
operations are in progress, provided the following provisions are strictly enforced
by the owner of such aircraft or his authorized employee.
85
24.208-24.303
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
I . It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke or produce any open flame in
the cabin of the aircraft or on the outside thereof within 50 feet of such
aircraft.
A qualified employee of the air vehicle owner shall be responsible for
seeing that the passengers are not allowed to smoke when remaining aboard
the aircraft nor while going across the ramp from the gate to such aircraft, or
vice versa.
2. Passengers shall not be permitted to linger about the plane, but shall proceed
directly between the loading gate and the aircraft.
3. Passenger loading stands shall be left in loading position until all fuel
transfer operations are completed.
4. Fuel transfer operations shall not be performed on the main exit side of any
aircraft containing passengers except when the owner of such aircraft or a
capable and qualified employee of such owner shall remain inside the
aircraft to direct and assist the escape of such passengers through regular
and emergency exits in the event fire should occur during such fuel transfer
operations.
Smoking, Open Flame and Service Equipment
Sec. 24.209. It shall be unlawful for �ny person to smoke or produce any open
flame within 50 feet of any point where fuel is being transferred, nor shall any
electrical or motor -driven device be connected to or disconnected from any
aircraft at any time fueling operations are in progress on such aircraft.
Division III
HIELISTOPS
General
Sec. 24301. Helistops on buildings that have been constructed in accordance
with requirements of the Building Code or other locations must be maintained in
accordance with this division.
Clearance
Sec. 24.302. The touchdown area shall be surrounded on all sides by a clear
area having minimum average width at roof level of 15 feet but no width less than
5 feet and shall be so maintained.
Class I or Class 11 Liquid Spillage
Sec. 24.303. Landing areas on structures shall be so maintained as to confine
any Class I or Class 11 liquid spillage to the landing area itself, and provision shall
be made to drain such spillage away. from any exit or stairway serving the
helicopter landing area or from a structure housing such exit or stairway.
86
1988 EDITION
24.304-24.305
Exit Vftys
Sec. 24.304. Exits and stairways from helistops shall be maintained in compli-
ance with Article 12 of this code, except that all landing areas located on buildings
or structures shall have two or more exits. For landing platforms or roof areas less
than 60 feet in length or less than 2000 square feet in area, the second exit may be a
fire escape or ladder leading to the floor below.
Federal Aviation Approval
Sec. 24.305. Before operating helicopters from helistops, approval shall be
obtained from the Federal Aviation Agency
87
25.101-25.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 25
PLACES OF ASSEMBLY
Division I
GENERAL
Permits
Sec. 25.101. For permits to operate a place of assembly, see Section 4.108.
Supervision and Communication System
Sec. 25.102. (a) Supervision. Every place of assembly shall be under the
constant supervision of a competent adult on the premises during the time that the
premises are open to the public.
(b) Communication. When required by the chief, places of assembly shall be
provided with a method for notifying the fire department in event of an emer-
gency. Such method may consist of a telephone, an alarm system intertied to the
fire department or other approved agency, or other approved means. Any such
approved method shall be readily available to the public.
AMEND Decorative Material
Sec. 25.103. (a) All drapes, hangings, curtains, drops and all other decorative
material, including Christmas trees, that would tend to increase the fire and panic
hazard shall be made from material which is not flammable material or shall be
treated and maintained in a flame-retardant condition by means of flame-retardant
solution or a process approved by the chief. Exit doors, exit lights, fire alarm
sending stations, wet standpipe hose cabinets and fire-extinguisher locations shall
not be concealed or obstructed by any decorative material.
(b) Treatments used to accomplish this flame retardation shall be renewed as
often as may be necessary to maintain the flame -retardation effect.
Pyroxylin -coated Fabric
Sec. 25.104. Pyroxylin -coated fabric used as a decorative material in accord-
ance with Section 25.103 or a surface covering on fixed furnishings, shall be
limited in amount to the following:
Such fabrics containing 1.4 ounces or more of cellulose nitrate per square yard
shall not be used in excess of a total amount equivalent to I square foot of fabric
surface to 15 cubic feet of room volume. Each square foot of such fabric which
contains 1. 7 ounces or more of cellulose nitrate per square yard shall be counted as
2 square feet in making this computation.
(May be measured by folding a piece to five thicknesses and measuring to see if
the thickness of five layers exceeds 1/8 inch.)
Motion Picture Screens
Sec. 25.105. In places of assembly, motion picture screens or screen masking
shall not be used unless it is in compliance with Section 25.103.
88
Section 25.103(a), page 88. Revise as follows:
(a) All drapes, hangings, curtains, drops and all other
decorative material shall meet the requirements of Article 11,
Division II of this code.
L-1-A
1988 EDITION 25.106-25.107
Exit Doors
B
Sec. 25.106. (a) General. Exit doors shall comply with the provisions of
I
Section 12.104 and the provisions of this section.
B
I
(b) Panic Hardware. 1. Group A, Division 1. An exit door from a Group A,
B
Division I Occupancy having an occupant load of 50 or more shall not be
I
provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic hardware.
B
2. In Group A, Divisions 2, 2.1 and 3 Occupancies. In Group A, Divisions 21
1
B
2. 1 and 3 Occupancies having an occupant load of more than 50, exit doors shall
I
not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic hardware.
B
EXCEPTION: In Group A, Division 3 Occupancies and in all churches, panic
I
hardware may be omitted from the main exit when the main exit consists of a single
B
door or phir of doors. A key -locking device may be used in place of the panic
I
hardware, provided there is a readily visible durable sign adjacent to the doorway
B
stating "THIS DOOR MUST REMAIN UNLOCKED DURING BUSINESS
HOURS." The sign shall be in letters not less than I inch high on a contrasting
background. Whenunlocked, the single door or both leaves of apairof doorsmustbe
free to swing without operation of any latching device. When a pair of doors is
B
installed, one leaf shal I have no locking devices whatsoever, and the second leaf shall
I
be arranged to latch or lock into the frame and into the first leaf in such a manner that
B
a single unlocking action will unlock both leaves simultaneously Flush, edge or
surface bolts or any other type of device that may be used to close or restrain the door
B
other than by operation of the locking device are prohibited. The use of this exception
may be revoked by the'building official for due cause.
B
3. Group A, Division 4. In Group A, Division 4 Occupancies having an
I
occupant load of more than 50, exit doors shall not be provided with a latch or lock
B
I
unless it is panic hardware.
Panic hardware may be waived on gates surrounding stadiums when the gates
are under constant immediate supervision while the public is present and provided
B
safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet per occupant are located between the
stadium and the fence. The required dispersal area shall be located not less than 50
B
feet from the stadium.
Aisles
�B
Sec. 25.107. (a) General. Aisles leading to required exits shall be provided I
from all portions of buildings. . B
(b) Width. Aisle widths shall be provided in accordance with the following:
I . In areas serving employees only, the minimum aisle width may be 24
inches but not less than the width required by the number of employees
B
served. 1
2. In public areas of Group 13, Division 2 Occupancies, and in assembly B
occupancies without fixed seats, the minimum clear aisle width shall be 36
inches where tables, counters, furnishings, merchandise or other similar B
obstructions are placed on one side of the aisle only and 44 inches when
such obstructions are placed on both sides of the aisle. B
89
25.107-25.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3. In assembly occupancies with fixed seats.
A. With standard seating, every aisle shall be not less than 3 feet when
serving seats on only one side and not less than 42 inches wide when
serving seats on both sides. Such minimum width shall be measured
from the point farthest from the exit, cross aisle or foyer and such
minimum width shall be increased by 11/2 inches for each 5 feet of
length toward the exit, cross aisle or foyer.
B. With continental seating as specified in Section 25.108, side aisles shall
be provided and be not less than 44 inches in width.
(c) Distances to Nearest Exit. In areas occupied by seats and in Group A
Occupancies without seats, the line of travel to an exit door by an aisle shall be not
more than 150 feet. Such travel distance may be increased to 200 feet if the
building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
(d) Aisle Spacing. With standard seating, aisles shall be so located that there
will be not more than six intervening seats between any seat and the nearest aisle.
With continental seating, the number of intervening seats may be increased,
provided the seating configuration conforms with the requirements specified in
Section 25.108.
When benches or pews are used, the number of seats shall be based on one
person for each 18 inches of length of pew or bench.
(e) Cross Aisles. Aisles shall terminate in a cross aisle, foyer or exit. The width
of the cross aisle shall be not less than the sum of the required width of the widest
aisle plus 50 percent of the total required width of the remaining aisles leading
thereto. In Groups A and E Occupancies, aisles shall have a dead end not greater
than 20 feet in length.
(f) Vornitories. Vornitories connecting the foyer or main exit with the cross
aisles shall have a total width not less than the sum of the required width of the
widest aisle leading thereto plus 50 percent of the total required width of the
remaining aisles leading thereto.
(g) Slope. The slope portion of aisles shall be not steeper than I vertical in 8
horizontal, except as permitted in the Building Code.
(h) Steps. Steps shall not be used in an aisle when the change in elevation is less
than I vertical in 8 horizontal. A single step or riser shall not be used in any aisle.
Steps in aisles shall extend across the full width of the aisle and shall be illumi-
nated. Treads and risers in such steps shall comply with the Building Code.
Seat Spacing
See. 25.108. (a) Standard Seating. With standard seating, the spacing of
chairs shall provide a space of not less than 12 inches from the back of one chair to
the front of the most forward projection of the chair immediately behind. The rows
of chairs shall be spaced not less than 33 inches back-to-back. Horizontal mea-
surements shall be made between vertical planes. When all chairs in a row have
automatic- or self -rising seats, the measurement may be made with the seats in the
up position. When any chair in the row does not have an automatic- or self -rising
seat, then the measurement shall be made with the seat in the down position.
90
1988 EDITION 25.108-25.111
(b) Continental Seating. The number of seats per row of seats for continental I
seating may be increased, subject to all of the following conditions: B
I . The spacing of unoccupied seats shall provide a clear width between rows I
of seats measured horizontally as follows (automatic- or self -rising seats B
shall be measured in the seat -up position, other seats shall be measured in
the seat -down position):
18 inches between rows for 1 to 18 seats
20 inches between rows for 19 to 35 seats
21 inches between rows for 36 to 45 seats
22 inches between rows for 46 to 59 seats
24 inches between rows for 60 seats or more
2. Exit doors shall be provided along each side aisle of the row of seats at the u
rate of one pair of doors for each five rows of seats.
3. Each pair of exit doors shall provide a minimum clear width of 66 inches
discharging into a foyer, lobby, approved exit stairway, exit passageway
leading to a public way or the exterior of the building. B
4. There shall be not more than five seat rows between pairs of doors.
(c) Bonding of Chairs. All loose seats, folding chairs or similar seating
facilities that are not fixed to the floor shall be bonded together in groups of not
less than three.
EXCEMONS: 1. When not more than 300 such seats, chairs or facilities are
provided, bonding thereof may be deleted.
2. The bonding of chairs shali not be required when tables are provided, as when
the occupancy is used for dining or similar purposes.
(d) Bleacher Seats and Grandstands. Bleacher seats and reviewing stands
shall conform to the requirements of Divisions 11, 111 and IV of this article.
Use of Exit Ways
Sec. 25.109. No part of a stairway, whether interior or exterior, nor of a
smokeproof enclosure, hallway, corridor, vestibule, balcony or bridge leading to a
stairway or exit of any kind, shall be used in any way that will obstruct its use as an
exit or that will present a hazardous condition.
Ashtrays
Sec. 25. 110. Where smoking is permitted, there shall be provided on each table
and at other convenient places approved noncombustible ashtrays or match
receivers.
Fire Appliances
Sec. 25.111. All fire appliances shall be kept in proper working condition.
Extinguishers and hose and similar appliances shall be visible and accessible at all
times. It shall be the duty of the owner and the occupant of each building or part of
a building occupied as a place of assembly to properly train sufficient regular
employees in the use of fire appliances.
91
25.112-25.116 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Plan of Exit Ways and Aisles
. Sec. 25.112. When requested by the chief, a plan indicating the seating
arrangements, location and width of exit ways and aisles shall be submitted for
approval, and an approved copy of the plan shall be kept on display on the
premises.
Marking and Lighting of Exits
Sec. 25.113. All exits in places of assembly shall be identified and lighted in
accordance with Article 12 of this code.
B Maximum Occupant Load
I See. 25.114. (a) Posting of Room Capacity. Any room having an occupant
B load of 50 or more where fixed seats are not installed, and which is used for
I classroom, assembly or similar purpose, shall have the capacity of the room
B.
I posted in a conspicuous place on an approved sign near the main exit from the
B room. Such sign shall be maintained legible by the owner or his authorized agent
I and shall indicate the number of o&upants permitted for each room use.
(b) Determination of Occupant Load. The number of persons in any building
or portion thereof shall not exceed the amount determined as specified in the
Building Code except that where such additional exit facilities are provided the
occupa * nt load may be increased by not more than 10 percent, when approved by
the chief, without being considered overcrowding.
(c) Overcrowding. No person shall permit overcrowding or admittance of any
person beyond the approved capacity of any place of public assemblage. The
chief, upon finding any overcrowding conditions or obstruction in aisles, pas-
sageways or other means of egress; or upon finding any condition which consti-
tutes a serious menace to life, shall cause the performance, presentation, spectacle
or entertainment to be stopped until such condition or obstruction is corrected. .
Candies and Other Open-f lame Devices
Sec. 25. 115. Candles and other open -flame devices shall not be used in places
of public assemblage nor drinking or dining establishments.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. When used in conjunction with approved heating or cooking
appliances in areas not accessible to the public.
2. When used in conformance with Section 25.116.
Requirements for Use of Candies and Other Open-f lame Devices
See. 25.116. (a) Permits. For permits to use candles or other open names in
assembly areas, see Section 4.108.
(b) General. The use of candles and other open -flame devices shall comply
with the following:
1. Open -flame food preparation. The preparation of flaming foods or bever-
ages shall be in accordance with the following:
A. Flammable liquids may be used in the preparation of flaming foods and
beverages only when dispensed from one of the following:
(i) A I -ounce container.
92
1988 EDITION
25.116
(ii) A container not to exceed I quart with a controlled pouring device that
will limit the flow to I ounce.
B. Flaming foods or beverages shall be prepared only in the immediate
vicinity of the table being served. They shall not be transported or carried
while burning.
C. The pe�son preparing the flaming foods or beverages shall have a wet cloth
towel iinmediately available for use in smothering the flames in the event of
emergency.
D. The serving of flaming foods or beverages shall be done in a safe manner
and shall not create high flames. The pouring, ladling or spooning of
liquids is restricted to a maximum height of 8 inches above the receiving
receptacle.
E. All containers, when not in use, shall be secured to prevent spillage.
2. Candies and other open -flame decorative lighting. Candies and other
open -flame decorative lighting shall comply with the following:
A. Class I and H liquids and liquefied petroleum gases shall not be used.
B . Liquid- or solid -fueled lighting dev ices containing more than 8 ounces
must self -extinguish and not leak fuel at a rate of more than one-fourth
teaspoon per minute if tipped over.
C . The devices or holder shall be constructed to prevent the spilling of liquid
fuel or wax at the rate of more than one-fourth teaspoon per minute when
the device or holder is not in an upright position.
D . The device or holder shall be designed so that it will return to the upright
position after being tilted to an angle of 45 degrees from vertical.
EXCEFFION: Units that self -extinguish if tipped over and that do not spill fuel
or wax at the rate of more than one-fouith teaspoon per minute if tipped over.
E. The flame shall be enclosed, except as follows:
(i) Openings on the sides shall not be more than 3/8 inch in diameter.
(ii) Openings on the top and the distance to the top shall be such that a
single layer of tissue paper placed on the top will not ignite in 10
seconds.
F Chimneys shall be made of noncombustible materials. Such chimneys
shall be securely attached to the open -flame device.
EXCEPTION: The chimney need not be attached to any opeh-flame device that
will self -extinguish if the device is tipped over.
G. Fuel cannisters must be safely sealed for storage.
H . Storage and handling of combustible liquid shall be in accordance with
Section 79.201 (e) 1.
L Shades, if used, shall be made of noncombustible materials and securely
attached to the open -flame device holder or chimney.
J . Candelabra with flame -lighted candles shall be securely fastened in place
to prevent overturning and located away from occupants using the area and
away. from possible contact of drapes, curtains or other combustibles.
93
25.116-25.205 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
K. When, in the opinion of the chief, adequate safeguards have been taken,
hand-held flame -lighted candles may be permitted. Hand-held candles
shall not be passed from one,person to another while lighted.
Standby Personnel
Sec. 25.117. Whenever, in the opinion of the chief, it is essential for public
safety in any place of public assembly or any other place where people congre-
gate, due to the number of persons, or the nature of the performance, exhibition,
display, contest or activity, the owner, agent or lessee shall employ one or more
qualified persons, as required and approved by the chief, to be on duty at such
place. Such individuals shall be subject to the chief's orders at all , times when so
employed and shall be in uniform and remain on duty during the times such places
are open to the public, or when such activity is being conducted. Before each
performance or the start of such activity, such individuals shall inspect the
required fire appliances provided to see that they are in proper place and in good
working order, and shall keep diligent watch for fires during the time,such place is
open to the public or such activity is being conducted and take prompt measures
for extinguishment of fires that may occur. Such individuals shall not be required
or permitted, while on duty, to perform any other duties than those herein
specified.
Division 11
REVIEWING STANDS, GRANDSTANDS
AND BLEACHERS
Scope I
Sec. 25.201. The provisions of this division apply to reviewing stands, grand-
stands and bleachers. (See Division III for folding and telescoping seating.)
B Definitions
B Sec. 25.202. For the purpose of this division, the definitions of BLEACHERS,
DISPERSAL AREA, SAFE, FOOTBOARDS, GRANDSTANDS, OPEN-AIR
GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS, PERMANENT STANDS, REVIEW-
iB ING STANDS, and TEMPORARY SEATING FACILITIES are as set forth in
Article 9.
I Height of Grandstands and Bleachers
B
I See. 25.203. The height of grandstands and bleachers shall be in accordance
B with the Building Code.
I Structural Requirements
B
i Sec. 25.204. Grandstands and bleachers shall be designed in accordance with
B the requirements in the Building Code.
I Design of Reviewing Stands, Grandstands and Bleachers
B
I Sec. 25.205. -(a) General Requirements. 1. Row spacing. There shall be a
B clear space of not less than 12 inches measured horizontally between the back or
94
1988 EDITION 25.205
backrest of each seat and the front of the seat immediately behind it. The minimum
spacing of rows of seats measured from back to back shall be:
A. Twenty-two inches for seats without backrests.
B. Thirty inches for seats with backrests.
C. Thirty-three inches for chair seating.
2: Rise between rows. The maximum rise from one row of seats to the next
shall not exceed 16 inches unless the seat spacing from back to back measured
horizontally is 40 inches or more.
EXCEPTION: When automatic- or self -rising seats are installed, the rise be-
tweenrows may be increased to 24 inches with the horizontal spacing back to back of
33 inches.
3. Seating �apacity determination. When bench -type seating is used, the
number of seats shall be based on one person for each 18 inches of length of the
bench.
4. Aisles. A. Aisles required. Aisles shall be provided in all s ' eating facilities
except that aisles may be omitted when all of the following conditions exist:
(i) Seats are without backrests.
(ii) The rise from row to row does not exceed 12 inches per row.
(iii) The number of rows does not exceed I I in height.
(iv) The top seating board is not over 10 feet above grade.
(v) The first seating board is not more than 20 inches above grade.
B.Obstructions. No obstruction shall be placed in the required width of any
aisle or exitway.
C. Width. Aisles serving seats on both sides shall have a minimum width of 42
inches. When serving seats on only one side, the aisle shall have a minimum width
of 36 inches.
5. Cross aisles and vomitories. Cross aisles and vornitories shall be not less
than 54 inches in clear width and shall extend to an exit, enclosed stairway or
exterior perimeter ramp.
6. Stairs and ramps. All stairs and ramps shall have a maximum rise and run as
provided in the Building Code, except those within the seating area which serve as
aisles at fight angles to the rows of seats where the rise shall not exceed 8 inches.
When an aisle terminates at an elevation more than 8 inches above grade, the aisle
shall be provided with a stairway or ramp whose width is not less than the width of
the aisle.
7. Guardrails. Perimeter guardrails or enclosing walls or fencing shall be
provided for all portions of elevated seating facilities which are more than 30
inches above grade or floor. Construction of guardrails shall comply with the
Building Code. Guardrails shall be 42 inches above the rear of a seat board or 42
inches above the rear of steps in an aisle when the guardrail is parallel and adjacent
to the aisle.
EXCEPTION: Guardrails at the front of the front row of seats, which are not
located at the end of an aisle and where there is no cross aisle, may have a height of 26
inches, provided a midrail shall be installed.
95
25.205 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
B The open vertical space between footboards and seats shall not exceed 9 inches
I when footboards are more than 30 inches above grade.
B 8. Theboards. A 4-inch-high vertical barrier shall be installed along the edge of
I - walking platforms whenever guardrails are required.
B
I EXCEPTION: Toeboards shall not be required at the ends of footboards.
ts 9. Footboards. Footboards shall be provided for all rows of seats above the
I third row or beginning at such a point where the seating plank is more than 2 feet
B above grade. Where the same platform is used for both seating and footrests,
I footrests will not be required, provided each level or platform is not less than 24
B inches wide. Footboards in bleachers at a level below the seat board it serves are
I not to be considered as walking platforms but shall be not less than a structural
B grade of 2-inch by 8-inch lumber or equivalent. When aisles are required by
I Section 25.205 (a) 4, footboards not less than 18 inches in width shall be installed
B between eachrow of seats.
I
B (b) Special Requirements. 1. Grandstands; and bleachers within buildings.
I Except as otherwise provided in this section, grandstands and bleachers within a
B building shall comply with the other applicable sections of this chapter.
IEXCEPTIONS: 1. When seats are without backrests, there may be nine seats
ts between any seat and an aisle.
1 2. When seats are without backrests, dead ends in vertical aisles shall not exceed a
ts depth of 16 rows.
2. Open-air grandstands and bleachers. Except as otherwise provided in
B
I Items A through I below, open-air grandstands and bleachers shall comply with
B the other applicable sections of this chapter.
I A. Number of seats between aisles. The number of seats between any seat and
B an aisle shall be not greater than 20 when the seats are without backrests and nine if
I the seats have backrests.
B
I B. Dead ends. Dead ends in vertical aisles shall not exceed a depth of 16 rows
B . for permanent grandstands and 26 rows for temporary grandstands.
i C. Distance to exit. The line of travel from any seat to a safe dispersal area exit
B ramp, enclosed stairway or vomitory shall be not more than 200 feet. When the
I seats have no backrests, the distance may be measured by direct line.
B D. Safe dispersal area. Each safe dispersal area shall have a minimum of two
I exits. If more than 6000 persons are to be accommodated within a dispersal area,
B there shall be a minimum of three exits and for more than 9000 persons there shall
I be at least four exits. The aggregate clear width of exits from a safe dispersal area
B shall be determined on the basis of not less than one exit unit of 22 inches for each
1 500 persons to be accommodated and no exit shall be less than 44 inches in width.
B
I E. Two exits required. Two exits shall be provided from every stand which
B accommodates more than 300 persons.
I F Three exits required. Three exits shall be required when a grandstand or
B section thereof accommodates more than 1000 persons.
G. Four exits required. Four exits shall be provided when a grandstand or
section thereof accommodates more than 3000 persons.
96
1988 EDITION 25.205-25.304
H. Determination of exit width. The total width of exits in feet shall be not less
than the total occupant load served divided by M when exiting by stairs and
divided by 200 when exiting by ramps, corridors, tunnels or vornitories.
I. Minimum exit width. No exit shall be less than 42 inches in width.
Division III
FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING
Scope
Sec. 2 ' 5.301. Folding and telescoping seating facilities shall conform to the
provisions of this section.
Definition
Sec. 25.302. For the purpose of this division, the definition of FOLDING AND
TELESCOPING SEATING is as set forth in Article 9.
Design Requirements B
See. 25.303. Folding and telescoping seating shall be designed in accordance I
with the requirements in the Building Code. B
General Requirements
Sec. 25304. (a) Aisles. Aisles shall be required when any of the following
conditions exist: B
I . Backrest -type seating isused.
2. Rise from row to row exceeds 12 inches per row.
3. Exiting from seating is restricted by railings or other obstacles.
4. Row spacing exceeds 28 inches unless seat boards and footboards are at the
same elevation. B
5. Seat boards are of other than continuous flat s*urfaces. t 1 5
6. The number of rows exceeds I I in height.
(b) Number of Seats Between Aisles. When aisles are provided, aisles shall be B
arranged so that the number of seats between any seat and the nearest aisle shall I
notexceed: B
1. For seating within a building, the number of seats between any seat and — ts
aisle shall not exceed nine when seats are without backrests and six if seats have I
backrests. B
2. For seating not within a building, the number of seats between any seat and I
an aisle shall not exceed 20 when seats are without backrests and I I if seats have B
backrests. I
(c) Aisle Width. Aisles shall be not less than 34 inches in clear width. When an ts
aisle is divided by a portal, column or other obstruction, a minimum aisle clear t 1
width of 22 inches shall be provided on each side of such obstructions. I
(d) Aisle Steps. Intermediate aisle steps are not required when the rise pe. v- jj
is 12 inches or less. When the rise per row exceeds 12 inches, an intermediate aisle I
97
25.304-25.401 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
step shall be provided; this step shall divide the rise into two or more equal parts of
not more than 12 inches each and have a minimum tread width of 10 inches. When
the seat board and footboard are not on the same elevation in a bleacher installa-
tion requiring intermediate aisle steps, the rear corner of each seat board adjacent
to the aisle shall be chamfered to a maximum of 4-1/2 inches by 45 degrees to
provide a minimum of 6 inches of ankle clearance between aisle step and seat
board.
(e) Seating. The horizontal distance back to back of seats shall be not less than
22 inches for seats without backrests. There shall be a space of not less than 12
inches between the back of each seat and the front of each seat immediately behind
it. If seats are of the chair type, the 12-inch dimension shall be measured to the
front edge of the rear seat in its normal unoccupied position. All measurements
shall be taken between plumb lines.
The width of footboards and seat boards shall be not less than 9 inches. When
the same level is not used for both seat boards and footboards, footboards
independent of seats shall be provided.
(f) Guardrails. Perimeter guardrails or enclosing walls or fencing shall be
provided for all portions of elevated seating facilities which are more than 30
inches above grade or floor. Construction of guardrails shall comply with the
Building Code. Guardrails shall be 42 inches above the rear of a seat board or 42
inches above the rear of the steps in an aisle when the guardrail is parallel and
adjacent to the aisle.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Guardrails at the front of the front row of seats, which are not
located at the end of an aisle and where there is no cross aisle, may have a height of 26
inches, provided a midrail is installed.
2. When seating is adjacent to a wall or fence within 6 inches of the seating and of
sufficient height and strength to afford the intended protection, guardrails may be
omitted.
Cross aisles located within the seating area shall be provided with guardrails not
less than 26 inches high along the front edge of the aisle.
EXCEPTION: When the backs of the seats in front of the cross aisle project 24
inches or more above the surface of the cross aisle, guardrails may be omitted.
Divisidn IV
SECURING OF CHAIRS
General
Sec. 25.401. (a) Raised Stands. Chairs and benches used on raised stands shall
be secured to the platforms upon which they are placed.
EXCEPTION: When less than 25 chairs are used upon a single raised platform,
the fastening of seats to the platform may be omitted.
(b) Ground Seats. When more than 500 loose chairs are used in connection
with athletic events, chairs shall be fastened together in groups of not less than
three and shall be tied or staked to the ground.
98 WERIj, a�j a4. Qr)
DIVISION V
OUTDOOR CARNIVALS AND FAIRS
SCOPE
Section 25.501. The grounds of carnivals and fairs,
including concession booths, shall conform to the requirements
of this division and all other applicable requirements of this
code.
PERMITS REQUIRED
Section 25.502. For a permit to operate a carnival or
fair, see Section 4.108.
GENERAL
Section 25.503. Grounds shall comply with the
following:
1. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided in
accordance with Section 32.105.
2. Firefighting appliances shall be provided for the
entire midway, as required by the chief.
3. Maximum travel distance to a portable fire
extinguisher shall not exceed 75 feet.
4. All electrical equipment and installations shall
comply with the Electrical Code.
CONCESSION STANDS
Section 25.504. Concession stands shall comply with
the following:
1. Concession stands utilized for cooking shall have
minimum of 10 feet of clearance on two sides and
shall not be located within 10 feet of amusement
rides or devices.
2. A 40-B:C-rated dry chemical fire extinguisher
shall be provided where deep -fat fryers are in use.
98.1
INTERNAL COMBUSTION POWER SOURCES
Section 25.505. Internal combustion power sources,
including motor vehicles, generators and similar equipment
shall comply with the following:
1. Fuel tanks shall be of adequate capacity to permit
uninterrupted operation during normal operating
hours. Refueling shall be conducted only when the
ride is not in use.
2. Internal combustion power sources shall be
isolated from contact with the public by either
physical guards, fencing or enclosure.
3. At least one fire extinguisher with a rating of
not less than 2-A:10:BC shall be provided.
Article 25, page 98. Add a division as follows:
DIVISION VI
LIQUID -OR GAS -FUELED VEHICLES OR
EQUIPMENT IN ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS
SCOPE
Section 25.601. Liquid -or gas -fueled vehicles or
equipment used for display, competition or demonstration within
an assembly building shall comply with the requirements of this
division and all other applicable requirements of this code.
PERMITS
Section 25.602. For permits to use liquid -or
gas -fueled vehicles or equipment for competition or display
inside an assembly building, see Section 4.108.
DISPLAY
Section 25.603. Display a liquid -or gas -fueled
vehicles or equipment inside an assembly building shall comply
with the following:
1. Batteries shall be disconnected in an approved
manner.
98.2
2. Vehicles or equipment shall not be fueled or
defueled within the building.
3. Fuel in the fuel tank shall not exceed one quarter
of the tank capacity or 5 gallons, whichever is
less.
4. Fuel systems shall be inspected for leaks.
5. Fuel -tank openings shall be locked and sealed to
prevent the escape of vapors.
6. The location of such vehicles or equipment shall
not obstruct or block exits.
COMPETITION OR DEMONSTRATIONS
Section 25.604. Liquid -or gas -fueled vehicles or
equipment used for competition or demonstration within an
assembly building shall comply with the following:
1. Fuel for the vehicles or equipment shall be stored
in approved containers in an approved location
outside of the building.
2. Refueling shall be performed outside of the
building at an approved site.
3. All fuel spills shall be cleaned up immediately.
98.3
1988 EDITION 26.101-26.104
ARTICLE 26
BOWLING ALLEYS
General
Sec. 26. 101. Bowling alleys shall conform to all other applicable requirements
of this code as well as the following provisions.
Permits
Sec. 26.102. For permits for bowling pin refinishing or bowling alley resurfac-
ing, see Section 4.108.
Ailey Resurfacing and Ref Inishing
Sec. 26.103. Resurfacing and refinishing operations shall not be carried on
while the establishment is open for business. The fire department shall be notified
when alleys are to be resurfaced or refinished. Approved ventilation shall be
provided. Heating, ventilating or cooling systems employing recirculation of air
shall not be operated during resurfacing and refinishing operations or within four
hours following the application of flammable finishes. All electric motors or
other equipment in the area which might be a source of ignition shall be shut
down, and all smoking and use of open flames prohibited during the application of
flammable finishes and for one hour thereafter.
Pin Ref Inishing
Sec. 26.104. (a) Pin refinishing involving the application of flammable or
combustible finishes or sanding or buffing operations, if done within a building,
shall be done only in a special room meeting the requirements of Article 79,
Division VIII.
(b) Sanding and buffing machines shall be provided with approved equipment
for collecting dust during such operations. Contents shall be removed daily and
disposed of safely.
(c) All power tools shall be effectively grounded.
01
(d) Storage of flammable or combustible liquids in such rooms shall not exceed C.
a combined aggregate of 60 gallons. When such storage exceeds 10 gallons, it
shall be in a flammable liquid storage cabinet or in approved safety containers not
exceeding 5 gallons individual capacity. A metal waste can with a self-clos ' ing
cover shall be provided for all waste rags and materials, contents to be removed
daily. Smoking shall be prohibited at all times in pin -refinishing rooms.
99
27.101-27.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 27
CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (PYROXYLIN),
. STORAGE AND HANDLING
Definition
Sec. 27.101. For definition of CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS
(PYROXYLIN), see Section 9.105.
Permits
Sec. 27.102. For permits to store, handle, manufacture or assemble articles of
cellulose nitrate, see Section 4.108.
Display of Plastics
Sec. 27.103. All display of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) articles in stores
shall be in show cases or show windows except as permitted below:
(a) Articles may be placed on tables, but no table shall be over 3 feet wide and
10 feet long, and tables shall be spaced at least 3 feet apart. Where articles are
displayed on counters, they shall be arranged in like manner.
(b) Spaces underneath tables shall be kept free of storage of any kind and of
accumulations of paper, refuse and other combustible material.
(c) Sales or display tables shall be so located that in the event of a fire at the
table, the table will not interfere with free exit from the room, in at least one
direction.
(d) No light (electric, fluorescent or gas) shall be located directly above any
cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) material, unless provided with a suitable
guard to prevent heated particles falling.
Storage and Handling
Sec. 27.104. All raw cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) material in factory
building shall be kept and handled as follows:
(a) Where raw material in excess of 25 pounds is received in any building or fire
area, an approved vented cabinet or approved vented vault equipped with an
approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be provided for the storage of the
material.
(b) Not more than 1000 pounds of raw material may be stored in cabinets in any
one workroom, but not more than 500 pounds in any one cabinet, nor more than
250 pounds in one compartment.
(c) All raw material in excess of that permitted above shall be kept in vented
vaults not exceeding 1500-cubic-foot capacity and with one approved automatic
sprinkler head to each 125 cubic feet of total vault space and with construction and
venting in conformity with the requirements prescribed in Section 33.104 and
satisfactory to the chief.
(d) Cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) shall not be stored within 2 feet of any
heat -producing appliances, steam pipes, radiators or chimneys.
100
1988 EDITION 27.104-27.106
(e) In factories manufacturing articles of cellulose nitrate plastics (pyroxylin),
such sprinklered and vented cabinets, vaults or storage rooms, approved by the
chief, shall be provided as may be necessary to prevent the accumulation in
workrooms of raw stock in process or finished articles.
(f) In the workrooms of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) factories, operators
shall not be stationed closer together than 3 feet, and the amount of material per
operator shall not exceed one-half day's supply and shall be limited to the capacity
of three tote boxes, including material awaiting removal or use.
(g) All waste cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) materials such as shavings,
chips, turnings, sawdust edgings and trimmings shall be kept under water in metal
receptacles until removed from the premises.
Fire Protection Equipment
Sec. 27.105. The manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate plastic
(pyroxylin) in quantities exceeding 100 pounds shall be located in a building or
portion thereof equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
Sources of Ignition
Sec. 27.106. (a) Sources of ignition shall not be permitted in any room in which
cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) in excess of 25 pounds is handled or stored.
(b) Such rooms shall be heated by low-pressure steam or hot-water radiators.
101
28.101-28.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 28
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF
COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS
Def Initions
Sec. 28. 101. For definitions of COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS, COMBUSTIBLE
FIBER STORAGE BINS, COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE ROOMS, UN-
PROTECTED COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT and PROTECTED
COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, see Article 9.
Permits
Sec. 28.102. For permits to store or handle combustible fibers, see Section
4.108.
Loose Storage
Sec. 28.103. Loose combustible fibers (not in suitable bales or packages) shall
be stored as shown in Table No. 28.103
TABLE NO. 28.103
CU. FT. MATERIALS
METHOD OF STORAGE
0- 100
Combustible Fiber Storage Bin
More than 100- 500
Combustible Fiber Storage Room
Morethan 500-1000, Unprotected
Combustible Storage Vault
More than 1000, Protected
Combustible Fiber Storage Vault
EXCEPTION: Not to exceed 2500 cubic feet of loose fibers may be stored in a
detached "loose house" suitably located, with opening properly protected against
entrance of sparks. The loose house shall be used for no other purpose.
Baled Storage
Sec. 28.104. (a) A single block or pile shall not contain more than 25,000 cubic
feet of fiber exclusive of aisles or clearances. Blocks or piles of baled fiber shall be
separated from adjacent storage by aisles not less than 5 feet wide, or by flash -fire
barriers consisting of continuous sheets of noncombustible material extending
from floor to a height of at least I foot above the highest point of piles and
projecting at least 1 foot beyond the sides of the piles.
(b) Sisal and other fibers in bales bound with combustible tie ropes, also jute
and other fibers liable to swell when wet, shall be stored to allow for expansion in
any direction without endangering building walls, floors, ceilings or columns.
Not less than 3-foot clearance shall be left between walls and sides of piles, except
that if storage compartment is not more than 30 feet in width, 18-inch clearance at
side walls will be sufficient, provided a center aisle not less than 5 feet is
maintained.
(c) Not less than 3-foot clearance shall be maintained between sprinkler heads
and tops of piles.
102
1988 EDITION
28.105-28.106
Storage of Agricultural Products
Sec. 28.105. It shall be unlawful to store hay, straw or other similar agricultural
products adjacent to buildings or combustible material unless a cleared horizontal
distance equal to the height of pile is maintained between such storage and
combustible material and buildings. A permit shall not be required for such
storage.
Storage shall be limited to stacks of 100 tons each. Either an approved one -hour
occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code or a clear
space of 20 feet shall be maintained between such stacks.
Dust -collecting System
Sec. 28.106. Equipment or machinery within a building which generates or
emits combustible fibers shall be provided with an approved dust -collecting and
exhaust system.
103
29.101-29.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 29
GARAGES
General
Sec. 29.101. Garages shall conform to all other applicable requirements of this
code as well as the following provisions:
Permits
Sec. 29.102. Forpermits to use a structure as aplace of business forthe purpose
of repairing any motor vehicle, see Section 4.108.
Cleaning with Class I or 11 Liquids
Sec. 29.103. (a) Class I or Class II liquids with a flash point less than I 100F.
shall not be used in or in connection with any garage for washing parts or
removing grease or dirt, unless in a special closed machine approved for the
purpose or in a separate well -ventilated room constructed in accordance with the
provisions of the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy.
(b) Class I or Class H liquids with a flash point less than I 10T shall not be used
for cleaning floors or walls.
Handling of Gasoline and Oils
Sec. 29.104. (a) The fuel tanks of motor vehicles shall be filled directly through
hose from approved pumps attached to approved portable tanks or drawing from
underground storage tanks. Storage and handling of flammable or combustible
liquids shall conform to Article 79. No transfer of gasoline in any garage shall be
made in any open container.
(b) Garage floors shall drain to approved oil separators or traps discharging to
sewer in accordance with the Plumbing Code. Contents of oil separators or traps of
floor drainage systems shall be collected at sufficiently frequent intervals and
removed from the premises to prevent oil from being carried into the sewers. Self -
closing metal cans shall be used for all oily waste.
(c) Waste oils shall be stored in approved containers or tanks.
Vapor Ignition Devices
Sec. 29.105. (a) Fixed appliances and equipment shall comply with the provi-
sions of the Building and Mechanical Codes.
(b) Other devices generating a glow, spark or flame capable of igniting flamma-
ble vapors shall not be installed or used within 18 inches of the floor in any repair
garage.
104
1988 EDITION 30.101-30.104
ARTICLE 30
LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING PLANTS
Permits
Sec. 30.101. For a permit to store lumber in excess of 100,000 board feet, see
Section 4.108.
Open Yard Storage
See. 30.102. (a) Fire apparatus access roadways shall be provided to within 150
feet of all portions of the yard in accordance with Section 10.207.
EXCEPTION: The all-weather driving surface may be modified when approved
by the fire chief.
(b) Lumber shall be piled with due regard to stability of piles and in no case
higher than 20 feet. Where lumber is piled next to a property line on which a
building has been erected, the distance from the pile to property line shall be not
less than one half the height of the pile and in no case less than 5 feet.
(c) Driveways between and around lumber piles shall be at least 15 feet wide
and maintained free from accumulation of rubbish, equipment or other articles or
materials. Driveways shall be so spaced that a maximum grid system unit of 50
feet by 150 feel is produced.
(d) Permanent lumber storage, operating under a permit, shall be surrounded
with a suitable fence at least 6 feet high, unless storage is within a building.
Operational Fire Hazards in Lumber Yards
Sec. 30.103. (a) When approved, the burning of shavings, sawdust and refuse
materials shall be permitted only under boilers, in furnaces or in incinerators or
refuse burners safely constructed and located. Stacks shall be provided with
approved spark arresters having openings which will eliminate the danger from
sparks such as an expansion chamber, baffle walls or other effective arrangement.
At boiler or other points where sawdust or shavings are used as fuel, a storage bin
of noncombustible construction with raised sill shall be provided.
(b) Smoking shall be prohibited except in specified safe locations in buildings.
NO SMOKING signs shall be painted on exterior building walls and on signs
erected at driveways' edges. NO SMOKING signs shall be posted throughout all
buildings except in specific locations designated as safe for smoking purposes.
(c) Weeds shall be kept down throughout entire year and shall be sprayed as
often as needed with a satisfactory weed killer or cut or grubbed out. Dead weeds
shall be removed.
(d) Debris such as sawdust, chips and shorts shall be removed regularly. Proper
housekeeping shall be maintained at all times.
Fire -extinguishing Appliances in Open Yards and Buildings
Sec. 30.104. (a) Approved water -supply and fire hydrants capable of supplying
the required fire flow shall be provided to within 150 feet of all portions of the
yard in accordance with Section 10. 30 1.
105
30.104-30.105
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
EXCEPTION: Fire protection of existing lumber yards may continue their use
when approved by the fire chief.
(b) Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided at each building in accordance
with U. F C. Standard No. 10- 1.
Wbodworking Plants
Sec. 30.105. (a) Sawmills, planing mills and other woodworking plants shall
be equipped with refuse removal systems which will collect and remove sawdust
and shavings as produced. Blower and exhaust systems shall be installed in
accordance with the provisions of the Mechanical Code.
(b) Portable fire extinguishers or hose supplied from a suitable water system
shall be provided within reach of any machine producing shavings or sawdust.
Extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of U.FC.
Standard No. 10- 1.
106
1988 EDITION - 31.101-31.106
ARTICLE 31
TIRE -REBUILDING PLANTS
General
Sec. 31.101. Tire -rebuilding plants shall conform to all other applicable re-
quirements of this code as well as to the following provisions.
Permits
Sec. 31.102. For permits to operate a tire -recapping or rebuilding plant, see
Section 4.108.
Construction and Protection Requirements
Sec. 31.103. Tire -rebuilding plants shall comply with the requirements of the
Building Code as to construction, separation and protection.
Tire -buff Ing Rooms
. See. 31.104. Buffing machines shall be located in rooms separated from other
areas as required by the Building Code. ,
Each machine shall be connected to an ample dust -collecting system discharg-
ing to a suitable container which shall be cleaned at frequent intervals.
Ventilation
Sec. 31.105. Each room where rubber cement is used or mixed, or flammable
solvents are applied, shall be equipped with approved mechanical and/or natural
ventilation.
Use and Storage
Sec. 31.106. Rooms for the use and storage of rubber cement and other
flammable or combustible liquids shall conform to the requirements of Article 79.
107
32.101-32.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 32
TENTS, CANOPIES AND TEMPORARY
MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
NOTE: This article has been revised in its entirety.
Scope
See. 32. 101. The provisions of this article shall apply to any tent or temporary
membrane structure having an area in excess of 200 square feet, or any canopy in
excess of 400 square feet.
Definitions
See. 32.102. For the purpose of this article, certain terms and words are defined
as follows:
ASSEMBLY is the gathering together of ten or more persons for deliberation,
education, instruction, worship, entertainment, amusement, drinking or dining
establishments, or awaiting transportation.
AWNING is a shelter supported entirely from the exterior wall of a building.
CANOPY is any temporary structure, enclosure or shelter constructed of
fabric or pliable material supported by any manner except by air or the contents it
protects and is open, without sidewalls or drops, on 75 percent or more of the
perimeter.
TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURE is any air -inflated, air -
supported, cable, or frame -covered structure as defined by Building Code Appen-
dix Chapter 55 which is erected for less then 180 days and not otherwise defined as
a tent, canopy or awning.
TEMPORARY STRUCTURE is any enclosure or shelter constructed of
materials as described in this article and erected for a period of less than 180 days.
TENT is any temporary structure, enclosure or shelter constructed of fabric or
pliable material supported by any manner except by air or the contents it protects.
Permits
Sec. 32.103. For permits to erect tents, temporary membrane structures or
canopies, see Section 4.108.
Use Period
Sec. 32.104. The use of any tent, canopy or temporary membrane structure
shall not exceed a use period of 180 days within a 12-month period on a single
premise.
Locations, Access and Parking
Sec. 32.105. Location of tents, canopies and temporary membrane structures,
shall be in accordance with Table No. 32.105. Fire access roadways and parking
of automobiles or other internal combustion engines shall be regulated as set forth
in Table No. 32.105.
108
1988 EDITION ' 32.105-32.107
TABLE NO. 32.105
LOCATION, ACCESS AND PARKING
MINIMUM SEPARATION
FROM ANY PROPERTY
MINIMUM DISTANCES
LINE, BUILDING,
FIRE
FOR THE PARKING OF
OTHER TENT, CANOPY,
ACCESS
AUTOMOBILES OR
FLOOR AREA
ORTEMPORARY
ROADWAY
OTHER INTERNAL
(Square Feet)
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE1
WIDTH3
COMBUSTION ENGINES
0-5,000
20 feet2
12 feet
30 feet
EC,00 1-15,000
30 feet2
20 feet
40 feet
Over 15,000
50 feet
20 feet
60 feet
'For the purposes of required distances, support ropes and guywires are to be considered part
of the tent, canopy and temporary membrane structure.
2Tents, canopies and temporary membrane structures may be separated from each other by a
minimum of 10 feet or the required exit width, whichever is greater, when the accumu-
lated area of adjacent tents, canopies, or temporary membrane structures is less than
15,000 square feet.
3A fire access roadway in accordance with Section 10. 207 may be required where deemed
necessary by the chief.
Structural Stability
Sec. 32.106. Tents, canopies and temporary membrane structures and their
appurtences shall be adequately roped, braced and anchored to withstand the
elements of weather against collapsing. Evidence of structural stability shall be
furnished to the chief upon request.
Air -supported and air -inflated structures shall have the design and construction
of the fabric envelope, the method of anchoring and inflation systems in accord-
ance with Uniform Building Code Appendix Chapter 55.
Flame-retardant Treatment and Standards
Sec. 32.107. The sidewalls, drops and tops of all tents, canopies and temporary
membrane structures shall be of flame-retardant material or shall be made fire
retardant in an approved manner. All floor coverings, bunting, flammable decora-
tions or effects, including sawdust when used on floors or passageways,/shall be
CC
made fire retardant in an approved manner. C2
CL
An approved certification shall be retained on the premises indicating the
following: CL
I . Identification of tent, canopy or temporary membrane structure, size and
fabric type.
2. Date that tent, canopy or temporary membrane structure and other flamma-
ble materials were last treated with flame-retardant solution.
3. Trade name and type of solution utilized in flame-retardant treatment.
4. Name of persons and/or firm treating materials.
5. Name and address of tent, canopy or temporary membrane structure.
109
32.108-32.111 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Smoking and Open Flame
Sec. 32.108. (a) Smoking. Smoking shall not be permitted in any tent, canopy
or temporary membrane structure or in any adjacent areas where hay, straw,
sawdust or any other combustible materials are stored or used unless approved by
the chief. When required, approved NO SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously
posted. , -
(b) Fireworks, Open Flames. No fireworks, open flame, or any device
emitting flame or fire or creating a glow capable of igniting combustible materials
shall be used in or adjacent to any tent, canopy or temporary membrane structure,
unless approved by the chief.
(c) Balloons. Balloons or other similar devices that are filled with toxic,
explosive or flammable gases shall not be permitted in or adjacent to any tent,
canopy or temporary membrane structure.
Portable Fire Extinguishers and Other Fire Protection Appliances
Sec. 32.109. Fire extinguishers and other fire protection appliances shall be
provided in every tent, canopy and temporary membrane structure as follows:
1. Minimum fire-extinguisher coverage shall be provided in every tent, canopy
and temporary membrane structure as follows:
A. 200 to 500 square feet of floor area: One 2-A:10-B:C.
B. 501 to 1000 square feet of floor area: Two 2-A:10-B:C.
C. Each additional 2000 square feet of floor area or fraction thereof. One 2-
A:10-B:C.
2. Fire extinguishers shall be provided for each kitchen, mess hall, power
generator or transformer, locations where flammable or combustible liquids are
used, and other locations in accordance with Uniform Fire Code Standard No. 10- 1.
3. At least one 40-B:C-type fire extinguisher shall be provided for each
kitchen, mess hall, power generator or transformer and at locations where flam-
mable or combustible liquids are used, stored or dispensed.
4. Other fire appliances shall be maintained at the site as may be required by
the chief.
Standby Personnel
Sec. 32.110. Qualified persons necessary to safeguard the premises shall be
provided as required and approved by the chief.
Exits
Sec. 32.111. (a) Distribution. Exits shall be spaced at approximately equal
intervals around the perimeter of the tent, canopy or temporary membrane struc-
ture and shall be so located that no point is more than 100 feet from an exit.
(b) Number. Exits shall be provided in accordance with Table No. 32. 111.
110
1988 EDITION 32.111-32.113
TABLE NO. 32.111
CAPACITY OF TENT,
CANOPY OR TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
CAPACITY
MINIMUM NUMBER
OF EXITS
MINIMUM WIDTH EACH EXIT
(in Feet)
Tent
Air -supported
Structure
Up to 199
2
6
3
200 to 499
3
6
6
500 to 999
4
8
6
1000 to 1999
5
to
8
2000 to 2999
6
10
8
Over 3000
7
to
8
Note: The total width of exits in feet shall be not less than the total occupant load served
divided by 50. Such width of exits shall be divided approximately equally among the
separate exits.
(c) Openings. Exit openings from any tent shall remain open or may be covered
by a flame-retardant curtain, provided:
1. Said curtains shall be free sliding on a metal support. The support shall be a
minimum of 8 feet above the floor level at the exit. The curtains shall be so
arranged that, when open, no part of the curtains shall obstruct the exit.
2. Said curtains shall be of color, or colors, contrasting with the color of the
tent.
(d) Doors. Exit doors from air -supported structures shall swing in the direction
of exit travel. To avoid hazardous pressure loss, all such doors shall be automatic
closing against operating pressures. Opening force at the door edge shall not
exceed 15 pounds.
(e) Aisles. Aisles having minimum width of not less than 44 inches shall be
provided from all seating areas, and their width shall be progressively increased in
width to provide at all points not less than I foot of aisle width for each 50 persons
served by such aisle at that point.
The arrangement of aisles shall be approved by the chief.
Maintenance of Exit Ways
Sec. 32.112. The required minimum clear width of exits, aisles and passage-
ways shall be maintained at all times to a public way.
. No guywire, guyrope or other support members shall cross any means of egress
at a height of less than 8 feet. -
The surface of exitways shall be maintained in a manner approved by the chief.
Exit Illumination
See. 32.113. Exits shall be illuminated at any time the structure is occupied
with light having an intensity of not less than one footcandle at floor level.
III
32.113-32.118 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Fixtures required for exit illumination shall be supplied from a separate circuit or
sources of power where these are required for exit signs by Section 32.114 (b).
Exit Signs
Sec. 32.114. (a) When Required. Exit signs shall be installed at required exit
doorways and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate the direction of
egress when the exit serves an occupant load of 50 or more.
(b) Illumination. Exit signs in tents, canopies and temporary membrane
structures with occupant loads over 100 persons shall be of an approved self -
luminous type or shall be internally or externally illuminated by fixtures supplied
in the manner specified below.
I . Two separate circuits, one of which shall be separate from all other circuits,
for occupant loads of 300 or less.
2. Two separate sources of power, one of which shall be an approved emer-
gency system, shall be provided when the occupant load exceeds 300.
Emergency systems shall be supplied from storage batteries or on -site
generator set, and the system shall be installed in accordance with the
requirements of the Electrical Code.
Maximum Occupant Load
Sec. 32.115. Occupant load requirements shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Article 25, Division I.
Seating Arrangments
Sec. 32.116. The seating arrangements shall be in accordance with Article 25.
Heating and Cooking Equipment
Sec. 32.117. (a) General. All heating and cooking equipment shall be in
compliance with the Mechanical Code or shall be as approved by the chief.
(b) Vents. Gas-, solid- or liquid -fuel -burning equipment shall be vented to the
outside air by means of a flue or vent approved for use with type of equipment
used and in such a manner that no portion of the tent, canopy or temporary
membrane structure is within 12 inches of the flue or vent. Vents for solid -fuel -
burning equipment shall be equipped with spark arrestors having openings no
larger than 1/44nch wire mesh.
(c) Location. Heating and cooking equipment shall not be located within 10
feet of exits, aisles, passageways or combustible materials.
Gas-, solid- or liquid -fuel -burning cooking equipment located outside of any
tent, canopy or temporary membrane structure shall not be located within-30 feet
of any such structure.
Flammable or Combustible Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Sec. 32.118. Flammable or combustible liquids and LP gas shall not be stored
in a tent or temporary membrane structure or less than 50 feet from any such
structure.
112
1988 EDITION 32.118-32.119
The storage and dispensing of flammable or combustible liquids shall be in
accordance with Article 79 *
LP gas shall not be stored or used in connection with any tent, canopy or
temporary membrane structure unless the storage containers, equipment, fittings
and appliances and the placement, use and operation of such equipment comply
with Article 82.
Housekeeping
Sec. 31.119. (a) Vegetation Removal. All weeds and flammable vegetati on
shall be removed from the area occupied by any tent, canopy or temporary
membrane structure and from areas adjacent to or within 30 feet of any such
structure.
(b) Flammable Material Storage. Hay, straw, trash and other flammable
material shall be stored not less than 30 feet outside of tents, canopies and
temporary membrane structures.
(c) Floor Surfaces. The floor surface inside, and the grounds adjacent to or
within 30 feet outside of tents, canopies and temporary membrane structures,
shall be kept free and clear of combustible waste. Such waste shall be stored in
approved containers until removed from the premises.
EXCEPTION: The distance specified in the subsections may be reduced by the
chief where, in his opinion, adequate safety has been provided.
(d) Burning. The burning of rubbish on the premises shall not be permitted.
113
33.101!-33.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 33
CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM
Scope
Sec. 33. 101. This article applies to the storage and handling of cellulose nitrate
motion picture film, hereinafter referred to as "nitrate film." Film having a
cellulose acetate or other slow -burning base, referred to as "safety film," is
exempt from these provisions.
Permits
Sec. 33.102. For storage of cellulose nitrate film, see Section 4.108.
Buildings
See. 33.103. Buildings or portions thereof in which nitrate film is to be stored,
examined, projected or processed shall be in compliance with the requirements of
the Building Code.
Storage and Handling
Sec. 33.104. The storage and handling of nitrate film shall be in accordance
with nationally recognized standards.
114
1988 EDITION 34.101-34.107
ARTICLE 34
AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS, JUNK OR WASTE
MATERIAL HANDLING PLANTS
General
See. 34.101 Wrecking yards, junk or waste -material handling plants shall
conform to all other applicable requirements of this code as well as the following
provisions.
Permits
Sec. 34.102. For permits to operate a wrecking yard, junk or waste -material
handling plant, see Section 4.108.
Storage
Sec. 34.103. The storage of combustibles shall be in accordance with Article
28 of this code. No smoking or open flame shall be permitted in any area where
combustible fibers or other combustible waste materials are stored or handled.
NO SMOKING signs shall be provided in accordance with Article 13.
Burning Operations
Sec. 34.104. The burning of wrecked or discarded motor vehicles or of junk, or
of any waste materials shall be done only insuch locations and in such manner as
approved for such purposes by the chief.
Picking Rooms
Sec. 34. - 105. Picking rooms shall be separated from storage rooms by not less
than a one -hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building
Code.
Picking rooms shall be provided with approved exhaust systems to adequately
remove dust and lint.
Welding and Cutting
Sec. 34.106. Welding and cutting operations shall conform to the requirements
of Article 49 of this code.
Access to Area
Sec. 34.107. Motor vehicles or any part thereof, junk or other waste material
shall not be stored, displayed or kept in such a manner as to unnecessarily hinder
or endanger fire -fighting operations.
Aisles or passageways shall be provided to permit reasonable access for fire-
fighting operations.
115
35.101-35.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 35
COVERED MALL BUILDINGS
NOTE: This art Icle has been revised In Its entirety.
Scope
Sec. 35.101. This article applies to the temporary use of the common pedes-
trian area within the covered mail building for promotional, educational, assem-
bly, sales or similar activities.
Definitions
Sec. 35.102. For the purpose of this article, certain terms are defined as
follows:
ALLOWABLE USE AREA is the area approved to conduct activities in
accordance with this article and shall not include area necessary for main and
qross aisles.
COVERED MALL BUILDING is a single building enclosing a number of
tenants and occupancies such as retail stores, drinking and dining establishments,
entertainment and amusement facilities, offices and other similar uses wherein
two or more tenants have a main entrance into one or more malls.
CROSS AISLES are required aisles which permit exiting from one main aisle
to another through an allowable use area.
FIXTURES are those furnishings accessory to the normal operation of the
mail. These fixtures may include, but are not limited to, seating, directories,
planters and lighting fixtures.
MAIN AISLE is that area of the mall designated to accommodate the required
exit width and shall be located between the furthest projection of the area
designated for use by a tenant and the allowable use area and shall be free of all
obstructions.
MALL is a roofed or covered common pedestrian area within a covered maH
building which serves as access for two or more tenants and may have three levels
that are open to each other.
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES are kiosks, booths, concession stands and
similar structures.
TEMPORARY USE shall mean any single permitted activity not to exceed 60
consecutive days.
Permits
Sec. 35.103. For temporary use permits of the allowable use area, see Section
4.108.
General Requirements
Sec. 35.104. (a) Main Aisle Width. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 10 feet
in width or the minimum required exit width, whichever is greater, and shall be
maintained in accordance with Article 12.
116
1988 EDITION
35.104-35.106
(b) Cross Aisle Width. Cross aisles shalt be a minimum of 15 feet in width or
the required exit width, whichever is greater, and shall be maintained in accord-
ance with Article 12.
(c) Fueled Equipment. Liquid- or gas -fueled appliances, tools, apparatus,
craft or vehicles shall not be permitted in a mall.
EXCEPTION: When approved by the chief, liquid- or gas -fueled appliances,
tools, apparatus, craft or vehicles may be displayed within the mall. When on
display, batteries shall be disconnected and fuel tanks emptied and sealed in an
approved manner.
(d) Flammable Liquids or Gas. Flammable liquids, flammable gases, lique-
fied flammable gases, hazardous material or highly toxic material shall not be
used, stored or displayed in a mall.
(e) Nonflammable Gas. Cylinders containing nonflammable gases shall be
secured in accordance with Article 74. Protective caps for control valves shall be
on the cylinders when not in use.
(f) Decorative Material and Signs. All decorative materials and combustible
signs shall be treated and maintained in accordance with Section 25.103.
(g) Fixtures. Fixtures shall not be located in main aisles or cross aisles.
Temporary Structures
Sec. 35.105. (a) General. Temporary structures conforming to all the require-
ments of this article may be located in the allowable use area.
(b) Flame Spread. Temporary structures shall be noncombustible or be treated
and maintained in a flame-retardant condition conforming to Class 11 flame -
spread ratings.
(c) Sprinkler Obstructions. Roofs or coverings for kiosks, display booths,
concession equipment or similar structures shall not exceed 4 feet in dimension
unless the area beneath the roofs or coverings is protected by an approved
automatic fire -extinguishing system.
Temporary Public Assemblies
Sec. 35.106. When the mall area, or any portion thereof, is used as a temporary
public assembly, such area shall comply with Article 25.
The exit facilities shall limit the number of persons in attendance. The chief
shall establish the conditions necessary to assure that the converted mall building
tenants do not have their exiting obstructed by the assembly. It shall be the
responsibility of the covered mall management to provide adequate personnel to
comply with the conditions required by the chief.
117
36.101-36.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 36
DRY CLEANING WITH NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Scope
Sec. 36. 101. This article applies to dry-cleaning plants or systems as defined in
Section 9.106 in which only noncombustible liquids are used.
EXCEPHON: In plants that are not open to the public, flammable or combusti-
ble liquids may be used for spotting operations, provided:
1. Quantities of liquids in storage exceeding I gallon shall be kept within cabinets
that comply with Section 79.201 (g).
2. Quantities of liquids in storage exceeding 10 gallons shall be within a room that
complies with Section 79.202 or 79.203.
3. Dispensing of liquids from containers at work stations shall be from approved
safety cans.
Permits
Sec. 36.102. For permits to engage in dry cleaning, see Section 4.108.
Equipment
Sec. 36.103. Equipment used for dry cleaning shall be suitable for the type of
solvent. Transfer of solvent shall be by closed piping system.
Emergency mechanical ventilation equipment designed to provide an air
change every five minutes shall be installed within rooms in which solvent is
stored or used. Openings that provide emergency ventilation shall be within 15
feet of solvent equipment or storage and shall discharge at an approved location,
Switches to operate emergency ventilation shall be at an approved location.
Combustion air for fuel -burning equipment shall be taken from exterior open-
ings that are located at least 5 feet from exhaust openings of dry-cleaning
equipment.
118
1988 EDITION 45.101-45.104
PART V
SPECIAL PROCESSES
ARTICLE 45
APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES
Division I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Scope
Sec. 45.101. This article shall apply to locations or areas where the following
activities are conducted:
I . The application of flammable or combustible paint, varnish, lacquer, stain
or other flammable or combustible liquid applied as spray by compressed
air, "airless" or "hydraulic atomization," or by steam or electrostatic
methods or by any other means in continuous or intermittent process; and
2. Dip tank operations in which articles or materials are passed through
contents of tanks, vats or containers of flammable or combustible liquids,
including coating, finishing, treatment and similar processes; and
3. The application of combustible powders when applied by powder spray
guns, electrostatic powder spray guns, fluidized beds or electrostatic
fluidized beds.
Permits
See. 45.102. For permits for spraying or dipping operations utilizing flamma-
ble or combustible liquids, see Section 4.108.
Smoking Prohibited
Sec. 45.103. Smoking shall be prohibited in any spray -finishing areas and in
the vicinity of dip tanks. NO SMOKING signs with lettering of approved size
shall be conspicuously posted in such areas.
Welding Warning Signs
Sec. 45.104. Conspicuous signs conveying the following warning shAll be
posted in the vicinity of all spraying areas, dipping operations and paint storage
rooms:
NO WELDING
The use of welding or cutting equipment in or near this
area is dangerous because of fire and explosion. Weld-
ing and cutting shall be done only under the supervision
of the foreman in charge.
119
45.105-45.203 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Electric Wiring and Equipment
Sec. 45.105. Electric wiring and equipment shall conform to the provisions of
this article and shall otherwise be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.
Division 11
SPRAY FINISHING
Definitions
Sec. 45.201. For definitions of SPRAYING AREA, SPRAY BOOTH and
SPRAYING ROOMS, see Section 9.121.
Location of Spray-flnishing Operations
Sec. 45.202. Spray -finishing operations shall not be conducted in buildings
used for assembly, educational, institutional or residential occupancies except in a
room designed for the purpose, protected with an approved system of automatic
sprinklers and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas by construc-
tion complying with the requirements of the Building Code.
In other occupancies, all spraying operations performed inside of a building
shall be conducted in an approved spray booth, spraying area or spraying room
approved for such use. Limited spraying areas for "touch-up" or " spot painting
may be approved, provided they meet the requirements of this code.
Spray Booths
Sec. 45.203. (a) Materials. Spray booths shall be substantially constructed of
steel not less than No. 18 gage (.044 inch) in thickness or other approved
noncombustible materials.
(b) Size. The areaof apaintspray booth shall notexceed 1500 square feet nor 10
percent of the basic area permitted for the major use of the building as set forth in
Table No. 5-C of the Uniform Building Code.
(c) Surfaces. The interior surfaces of spray booths shall be smooth and
continuous without edges and otherwise designed to prevent pocketing of residue,
to permit the free passage of exhaust air from all parts of the interior and to
facilitate washing and cleaning without injury.
(d) Floors. The floor shall be of noncombustible material or shall be covered
with a noncombustible, nonsparking material of such character to facilitate the
safe cleaning and removal of residue.
(e) Baffles. If installed, baffle plates shall be of a noncombustible material
readily removable or accessible to facilitate cleaning and designed to provide an
even flow of air through the booth and to prevent the deposit of overspray before it
enters the exhaust duct. Such plates shall not be installed in the exhaust ducts.
(f) Deflectors. Each spray booth having a frontal area of more than 9 square
feet and which is not equipped with doors shall have a metal deflector or fire
curtain not less than 41/2 inches deep installed at the upper outer edge of the booth
over the booth opening.
120
1988 EDITION 45.203-45.205
(g) Separation. Each spray booth shall be separated from other operations by
not less than 3 feet or by a wall or partition or by a greater distance as the chief may
require.
(h) Clear Space. All portions of a spray booth shall be readily available for
cleaning, and a clear space of not less than 3 feet shall be kept free of storage or
combustible materials.
(i) Light Fixtures. When spray booths are illuminated, it shall be done through
heat -treated or hammered wire glass. Fixed lighting units only shall be used as a
source of illumination, and panels shall be arranged so as to minimize breakage
and so that normal accumulation of residue on the exposed surface of the panel
will not be raised to a dangerous temperature by radiation or conduction from the
source of illumination.
0) Exit Doors. Exit doors from premanufactured paint spray booths may be 2
feet 6 inches by 6 feet 8 inches.
Dry -type Overspray Collectors (Exhaust Air Filters)
Sec. 45.204. (a) General. Overspray dry filters or filter rolls, if installed
in conventional dry -type spray booths, shall conform to Section 45.204 (c)
through (g).
(b) Maintaining Air Velocity. Dry spray booths equipped with a filter roll
which is automatically advanced when the air velocity is reduced to less than 100 12
lineal feet per minute shall be arranged to cause shutdown of spraying operations
if the filter roll fails to advance automatically. Visible gages or audible alarm
devices shall be installed to indicate that the required air velocity is maintained, as
required by Section 45.206.
(c) Filter Disposal. All discarded filter pads shall be immediately removed to a
safe, well -detached location or placed in a water -filled metal container and
disposed of at the close of the day's operation.
(d) Filter Location. The location of filters in a spray booth shall be so as not to
reduce the effective booth enclosure of the articles being sprayed.
(e) Spontaneous Igni . tion. Filt I ers shall not be used when applying a spray 49
material known to be,highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition.
(f) Filter Material. Clean filters shall be noncombustible or of approved type.
(g) Changing Filters. Filters shall not alternately be used for the application of
lacquer and other materials such as varnish, stains and ground coats.
Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition
Sec. 45.205. (a) General. There shall be no open flame or spark -producing
equipment in any spraying area as defined in Section 45.201 nor within 20 feet
thereof, unless separated by a partition, except as permitted in Section 45.211,
Drying Apparatus, and Sections 45.401 and 45.402, Electrostatic Apparatus.
Space -heating appliances, steam pipes or hot surfaces shall not be located in a
spraying area where deposits of combustible residues may readily accumulate.
Unless specifically approved for locations containing both deposits of readily
ignitable residue and explosive vapors, there shall be no electrical equipment in
121
45.205-45.206 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
any spraying area whereon deposits of combustible residues may readily accumu-
late, except wiring in rigid conduit or boxes or fittings containing no taps, splices
'or terminal connections and except as hereinafter provided in Section 45.211 (c)
relating to drying apparatus and Sections 45.401 and 45-.402 relating to electro-
static apparatus.
(b) Hazard Classification of Wiring and Equipment. Electric wiring and
equipment not subject to deposits of combustible residues but located in a spray-
ing area shall be of explosion -proof type approved for use in such hazardous
location. Such area shall be considered a Class 1, Division I hazardous location in
accordance with the Electrical Code.
Electrical wiring, motors and other equipment outside of but within 20 feet of
any spraying area and not separated therefrom by partitions shall not produce
sparks under normal operating conditions. Such area shall be considered a Class 1,
Division 2 hazardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code.
(c) Electric Lamps. Electric lamps outside of but within 20 feet of any
spraying area and not separated therefrom by a partition shall be totally enclosed
to prevent the falling of hot particles and shall be protected from physical damage
by suitable guards or by location.
Portable electric lamps shall not be used in any spraying area during spraying
operations. Portable electric lamps, if used during cleaning or repairing opera-
tions, shall be of the type approved for hazardous locations.
(d) Grounding. All metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts and piping
systems conveying Class I or H liquids shall be properly electrically grounded in
accordance with the Electrical Code.
Ventilation of Spray Booths and Spray-f Inishing Areas
See. 45.206. (a) General. All spraying areas shall be provided with mechani-
cal ventilation adequate to prevent the dangerous accumulation of vapors.
Mechanical ventilation shall be kept in operation at all times while spraying
operations are being conducted and for a sufficient time thereafter to allow vapors
from drying coated articles and dry finishing material residue to be exhausted.
The electrical equipment shall be interlocked with the ventilation of spraying area
so that the equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in
operation.
(b) Independent Ducts. Each spray booth shall have an independent exhaust
duct system discharging to building exterior, except multiple cabinet spray booths
in which identical spray -finishing material is used with a combined frontal area of
not more than 18 square feet may have a common exhaust. If more than one fan
serves one booth, all fans shall be so interconnected that one fan cannot operate
without operating all.
(c) Fan Motors and Belts. Electric motors driving exhaust fans shall not be
placed inside booths or ducts. Fan rotating element shall be nonferrous or non -
sparking or the casing shall consist of or be lined with such material.
Belts shall not enter duct or booth unless belt and pulley within the duct or booth
are tightly enclosed.
122
1988 EDITION 45.206
(d) Duct Material and Discharge Point. Exhaust ducts shall be constructed of
steel having a thickness not less than indicated in the table below:
DIAMETER OF DUCT
MINIMUM THICKNESS
SHEET (Gage)
8" or less
No. 24
Over 8" to 18", inclusive
No. 22
Over 18" to 30", inclusive
No. 20
Over 30"
No. 18
The discharge point for exhaust ducts in a paint spray booth shall be not less
than 6 feet from adjoining combustible construction nor less than 25 feet from
adjoining exterior wall openings.
EXCEPTION: The discharge point for exhaust ducts in water wash spray booths
is not required.
(e) Duct Clearance. Exhaust ducts shall have a clearance from unprotected
combustible construction or material of not less than 18 inches. If combustible
construction is provided with the following protection applied to all surfaces
within 18 inches, clearances may be reduced to the distances indicated.
I . No. 28 gage (.044-inch) sheet metal on 1/4-inch
insulating millboard ................................... 12 inches
2. No. 28 gage sheet metal on 1/8-inch insulating millboard spaced out I inch
on noncombustible spacers ............................... 9 inches
3. No. 22 gage (.627-inch) sheet metal on 1-inch rockwool batts reinforced
with wire mesh or the equivalent .......................... 3 inches
(f) Makeup Air. Air exhausted from spraying operations shall not be recircu-
lated.
The mechanical ventilation system shall have air intake ducts extended to pick
up flammable vapor within 6 inches of the floor.
(g) Air Velocity. The spraying operations shall be so designed, installed and
maintained that the average air velocity over the open face of the booth (or booth
cross section, in direction of airflow, during spraying operations) shall not be less
than 100 lineal feet per minute.
(h) Duct Bends. Exhaust duct system shall not be installed at an angle exceed-
ing 45 degrees measured from the center line of the duct. Every bend, turn or
elbow in any duct or pipe shall be so constructed as not to reduce the cross -
sectional area of the duct or pipe.
(i) Cleanouts. Cleanout openings shall be provided at intervals which shall
permit thorough cleaning of ducts. All cleanout openings in ducts or pipes shall be
equipped with tight -fitting sliding or hinged doors constructed of metal which is
equal or greater in thickness than the duct or pipe, and such doors shall be
equipped with a substantial latch holding the door tightly closed.
123
45.207-45.208 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Limited Spraying Areas
I Sec. 45.107. Limited spraying areas commonly known as "spotting" or
"touch-up" areas are less hazardous than quantity production spray -finishing
operations and may be approved by the chief, provided they conform to the
following requirements:
I . Such areas are built and maintained in accordance with the Building Code
requirements for a Group H, Division 4 Occupancy.
2. The.size of job to be done in such areas does not exceed 9 square feet and is
not of a continuous nature.
Note: It is the intent of Item 2 to allow only small jobs which in their
entirety do not exceed 9 square feet.
3. Positive mechanical ventilation is installed providing a minimum of six
complete air changes per hour. Such system shall meet the requirements of
this code for handling flammable vapors.
4. All electrical wiriniz within 10 feet of the floor shall comnlv with Class I
Division 2 locations in accordance with the Electrical Code.
Storage and Handling of Flammable or Combustible Liquids
See. 45.208. (a) The storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids
shall be in accordance with Article 79 of this code and shall also conform to the
provisions of this section.
(b) Where the quantity of liquid in 5-gallon and smaller containers, other than
original sealed containers, exceeds a total of 10 gallons, it shall be stored in a
storage cabinet conforming to Section 79.201 (g) or in storage or mixing rooms
conforming to Section 79.202, 79.203, or 79.804.
(c) Original closed containers, approved portable tanks, approved safety cans
or a properly arranged system of piping shall be used for bringing flammable or
combustible liquids into spray -finishing areas. Open or glass containers shall not
be used.
(d) Containers supplying spray nozzles shall be of closed type or provided with
metal covers kept closed. Containers not resting on floors shall be on noncombus-
tible supports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray nozzles by
gravity flow shall not exceed 10 gallons capacity.
(p) All containers or piping to which is attached a hose or flexible connection
shall be provided with a shutoff valve at the connection. Such valves shall be kept
shut when not in use.
(f) Heaters shall not be located in spray booths nor other locations subject to the
accumulation of deposits or combustible residue.
(g) If flammable or combustible liquids are supplied to spray nozzles by
positive displacement pumps, pump discharge line shall be provided with an
approved relief valve discharging to pump suction or a safe detached location.
(h) When a flammable mixture is transferred from one portable container to
another, a bond shall be provided between the two containers, one of which shall
124
1988 EDITION 45.208-45.211
be grounded. Piping systems for Class I or 11 liquids shall be permanently
grounded.
Fire -protection Equipment
See. 45.209. (a) All spray booths or spray rooms shall be protected by an
approved automatic fire -extinguishing system.
(b) Portable fire -protection equipment shall be provided near all spraying areas
as provided for extrahazardous occupancies in U.EC. Standard No. 10-1.
(c) Space within spray booth on the downstream and upstrearn' sides of filters
shall be protected with approved automatic sprinklers.
Operations and Maintenance
Sec. 45.210. (a) All spraying areas shall be kept free from the accumulation of
deposits of combustible residues as practical, with cleaning conducted daily if
necessary.
(b) Scrapers,.spuds or other such tools used for cleaning purposes shall be of
nonsparking material.
(c) Residue scraping and debris contaminated with residue shall be imme-
diately removed from premises and properly disposed of
(d) The use of solvents for cleaning operations shall be restricted to Class 11 and
Class III liquids, except solvents with flash points not less than those normally
used in spraying operations may be used for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary
equipment, provided such cleaning is conducted inside spray booths and ventilat-
ing equipment is operating during cleaning.
(e) Spray booths shall not be alternately used for different types of coating
materials where the combination of the materials may be conducive to spon-
taneous ignition, unless all deposits of the first -used material are removed from
the booth and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with the second.
(f) Approved metal waste cans shall be provided wherever rags or waste are
impregnated with finishing materials and all such rags or waste deposited therein
immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at
least once daily and at the end of each shift.
Drying Apparatus
Sec. 45.211. (a) Drying apparatus shall, in addition to conforming with the
requirements of this article, comply with the applicable provisions of Article 62,
Industrial Baking and Drying Ovens.
(b) Spray booths, rooms or other enclosures used for spraying operations shall
not alternately be used for the purpose of drying by any arrangement which will
cause a material increase in the surface temperature of the spray booth, room or
enclosure.
(c) Except as specifically provided in Section 45.211 (d), drying or baking
units utilizing a heating system having open flames or which may produce sparks
shall not be installed in a spraying area as defined in Section 45.201, but may be
125
45.211-45.301 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
installed adjacent thereto when equipped with an interlocked ventilating system
arranged to:
1. Thoroughly ventilate the drying space before heating system can be
started;
2. Maintain a safe atmosphere at any source of ignition;
3. Automatically shut down heating system in the event of failure of the
ventilating system.
(d) Automobile refinishing booths or enclosures, otherwise installed and main-
tained in conformity with this division, may alternately be used for drying with
portable infrared drying apparatus when conforming with the following:
1. The procedure shall be restricted to low volume, occasional spray
application.
2. Interior of spray enclosures shall be kept free of overspray deposits.
3. During spray operations, the drying apparatus and electrical connections
and wiring thereto shall not be located within spray enclosure nor in any
other location where spray residue may be deposited thereon.
4. Spraying apparatus, drying apparatus and ventilating system of spray
enclosure shall be equipped with suitable interlocks so arranged that:
(i) Spraying apparatus cannot be operated while drying apparatus is
inside spray enclosure.
(ii) Spray enclosure will be purged of spray vapors for a period of not less
than three minutes before drying apparatus can be energized'.
(iii) Ventilating system will maintain a safe atmosphere within the enclo-
sure during the drying process and drying apparatus will automat-
ically shut off in the event of failure of the ventilating system.
5.. All electrical wiring and equipment of drying apparatus shall conform to
the provisions of this article and shall otherwise be installed in accordance
with the provisions of the Electrical Code. Only equipment of a type
approved for Class 1, Division 2, hazardous locations, in accordance with
the Electrical Code shall be located within 18 inches of floor level. All
metallic parts of drying apparatus shall be properly electrically bonded and
grounded.
Division III
DIP TANKS
Location of Dip Tank Operations
Sec. 45.301. Dip tank operations shall not be conducted in buildings used for
assembly, institutional or residential occupancies, except in a room designed for
the purpose, protected with an approved system of automatic sprinklers and
separated vertically and horizontally from other areas by construction complying
with the provisions of the Building Code.
126
1988 EDITION 45.302-45.305
Ventilation of Vapor Areas
Sec. 45.302. (ay All vapor areas shall be provided with mechanical ventilation
adequate to prevent the dangerous accumulation of vapors.
(b) Required ventilating systems shall be so arranged that the failure of any
ventilating fan shall automatically stop any dipping conveyor system.
Construction of Dip Tanks
Sec. 45.303. (a) Dip tanks, including drain boards if provided, shall be
constructed of substantial noncombustible material and their supports shall be of
heavy metal, reinforced concrete or masonry.
(b) Dip tanks of over 150 gallons in capacity or 10 square feet in liquid surface
area shall be equipped with a properly trapped overflow pipe leading to a safe
location outside buildings.
(c) The bottom of the overflow connection shall be not less than 6 inches below
the top of the tank.
(d) Dip tanks over 500 gallons in liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom
drains automatically and manually arranged to quickly drain tank in event of fire,
unless the viscosity of the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature makes this
impractical. Manual operation shall be from a safely accessible location. Where
gravity flow is not practicable, automatic pumps shall be provided.
(e) Such drains shall be trapped and discharge to a closed, properly vented
salvage tank or to a safe outside location.
(f) Dip tanks utilizing a conveyor system shall be so arranged that in the event of
fire the conveyor system shall automatically cease motion and required bottom
drains shall open
Storage and Handling of Flammable or Combustible Liquids
Sec. 45.304. The storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids
shall be in accordance with Article 79.
Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition
Sec. 45.305. (a) There shall be no open flames, spark -producing devices or
heated surfaces having a temperature sufficient to ignite vapors in any vapor area.
(b) Electrical wiring and equipment in any vapor area shall be explosion -proof
type approved for use in such hazardous locations. Such area shall be considered a
Class 1, Division 1, hazardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code.
(c) Unless specifically approved for locations containing both deposits of
readily ignitable residues and explosive vapors, there shall be no electrical
equipment in the vicinity of dip tanks or associated drain boards or drying
operations which are subject to splashing or dripping of dip tank liquids, except
wiring in rigid conduit or in threaded boxes or fittings containing no taps, splices
or terminal connections and except as hereinafter specifically permitted in Sec-
tions 45.401 through 45.405, relating to electrostatic apparatus.
(d) In any floor space outside a vapor area, but within 20 feet therefrom and not
separated by tight partitions, there shall be no open flames or spark -producing
127
45.305-45.309 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
devices, except drying and baking apparatus may be installed adjacent to vapor
areas when conforming to Section 45.211 (c). Such area shall be considered a
Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code.
Operations and Maintenance
See. 45.306. (a) Areas in vicinity of dip tanks shall be kept as clear of
combustible stock as practicable and shall be kept entirely free of combustible
debris.
(b) When waste or rags are used in connection with dipping operations,
approved metal waste cans shall be provided and all impregnated rags or waste
deposited therein immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shall be
disposed of at the end of each shift by methods approved by the chief.
Fire -extinguishing Equipment
Sec. 45.307. (a) Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be provided with
manual fire extinguishers suitable for flammable liquid fires, as specified for
extra hazardous occupancies in U. F. C. Standard No. 10- 1.
(b) Dip tanks of over 150-gallon capacity or 10-square-foot liquid surface area
shall be protected by an approved automatic fire -extinguishing system or dip tank
covers conforming to Section 45.308.
(c) Dip tanks containing a liquid with a flash point below I 10'R (when used in
such manner that the liquid temperature may equal or be greater than its flash
point from artificial or natural causes) shall conform to Section 45.307 (b) when
having both a capacity of more than 10 gallons and a liquid surface area of more
than 4 square feet.
Dip Tank Covers
See. 45.308. (a) Dip tanks shall be provided with a cover complying with the
specifications of this section unless they are provided with approved automatic
fire -extinguishing equipment as specified in Section 45.307 (b).
(b) Covers arranged to close automatically in the event of fires shall be actuated
by approved automatic devices and also shall be arranged for manual operations.
(c) Covers shall be of substantial noncombustible material or of tin -clad type
with enclosing metal applied with locked joints.
(d) Chains or wire rope shall be used for cover support or operating mechanism
where the burning of a cord would interfere with the action of a device.
(e) Covers shall be kept closed when tanks are not in use.
Hardening and Tempering Tanks
Sec. 45.309. (a) Hardening and tempering tanks shall conform to Sections
45,303 through 45.307 as well as to the following paragraphs of this section but
shall be exempt from other provisions of Division III of this article.
(b) Tanks shall be located as far as practicable from furnaces and shall not be
located on or near combustible floors.
(c) Tanks shall be provided with a noncombustible hood and vent or other
equally effective means venting to outside of building to serve as a vent in case of
128
1988 EDITION 45.309-45.401
fire. All such vent ducts shall be treated as flues and be kept away from combusti-
ble roofs or materials.
(d) Tanks shall be equipped with a high -temperature limit switch arranged to
sound an alarm when the temperature of the quenching medium reaches 50*F.
below the flash point.
. (e) Hardening and. tempering tanks of over 500-gallon capacity of 25-square-
foot liquid surface area shall be protected as specified in Section 45.307 (b).
(f) Air under pressure shall not be used to fill or to agitate oil in'tanks.
Coating Operations
Sec. 45.310. (a) Flow coat operations shall conform to the requirements for dip
tanks, considering the area of sump and any areas on which paint flows as the area
of a dip tank.
(b) Paint shall be supplied by a direct low-pressure pumping arranged to
automatically shut down in case of fire by means of approved heat -actuated
devices, or by A gravity tank not exceeding 10 gallons in capacity.
(c) The process of roll coating, spreading and impregnating in which fabric,
paper or other material is passed directly through a tank or trough containing Class
I or 11 liquids, or over the surface of a roller that revolves partially submerged in a
flammable liquid, shall conform to.Section 45.310 (d) and to the applicable
provisions of Sections 45. 101 through 45.309.
(d) Adequate arrangements shall be made to prevent sparks from static elec-
tricity by electrically bonding and grounding all metallic rotating and other parts
of machinery and equipment and by the installation of static collectors or main-
taining a conductive atmosphere by means such as high relative humidity.
Division IV
ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS
Equipment Type and Location
Sec. 45.401. (a) Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in connection with
paint spraying and paint detearing operations shall be of approved types.
(b) Ransformers, power packs, control apparatus and all other electric portions
of the equipment, with the exception of high -voltage grids and electrostatic
atomizing heads, the hand gun and their connections, shall be located outside of
the spraying or vapor areas as defined in Sections 9.121 and 9.124 or shall
conform to the requirements of Sections 45.205 and 45.305.
(c) Electrodes and electrostatic atomizing heads shall be of substantial �on-
struction, shall be rigidly supported in permanent locations and shall be effec-
�ively insulated from ground. Insulators shall be nonporous and noncombustible.
Fine wire elements when used should be under tension at all times and should be
of unkinked hardened steel or material of comparable strength.
129
45.402-45.501 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Controls
Sec.. 45.402. (a) A space of at least twice the sparking distance shall be
maintained between goods being painted or deteared and electrodes, electrostatic
atomizing heads or conductors. A suitable sign stating the sparking distance shall
be conspicuously posted near the assembly.
(b) Electrostatic apparatus shall be equipped with automatic controls which will
operate without time delay to disconnect the power supply to the high -voltage
transformer and to signal the operator under any of the following conditionst
I . Stoppage of ventilating fans or failure of ventilating equipment from any
cause.
2. Stoppage of the conveyor carrying goods past the high -voltage grid.
3. Occurrence of a ground or of an imminent ground at any point on the high -
voltage system.
4. Reduction of clearance below that specified in Section 45.402 (a).
Guards and Signs
Sec. 45.403. (a) Adequate booths, fencing, railings or guards shall be so placed
about the equipment that either by their location or character, or both, they assure
that a safe isolation of the process is maintained from plant storage or personnel.
Such railings, fencing and guards shall be of conductive material, adequately
grounded, and shall be at least 5 feet from processing equipment.
(b) Signs designating the process zone as dangerous as regards fire and accident
shall be posted.
Maintenance
See. 45.404. (a) All insulators shall be kept clean and dry.
(b) Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall be removable and
shall be taken to a safe place for cleaning.
Ventilation
Sec. 45.405. The spraying area shall be adequately ventilated so as to ensure a
safe condition from a fire and health standpoint.
Division V
AUTOMOBILE UNDERCOATING
Operations Included
Sec. 45.501. (a) When approved by the chief, automobile undercoating spray
operations conducted in areas having adequate natural or mechanical ventilation
may be exempt from the provisions of Division H.of this article, when using
undercoating materials which are not more hazardous than kerosene, or under-
coating materials using only solvents having a flash point in excess of 100'F,
(b) Undercoating spray operations not conforming with Section 45.501 (a)
shall be subject to all applicable provisions of this article.
130
1988 EDITION 45.601-45.606
Division VI
POWDER COATING
Dry Powder Application
Sec. 45.601. This division shall apply to finely ground particles of protective
finishing material applied in dry powder form by one of the following methods:
1. Fluidized bed.
2. Electrostatic fluidized bed.
3. Powder spray guns.
4. Electrostatic powder spray guns.
Each method requires certain essential protective measures which shall be
compatible with the method employed.
Location and Construction of Powder Coating Rooms and Booths
Sec. 45.602. Powder coating operations shall be conducted in:
1. Completely enclosed rooms constructed of noncombustible materials, or
2. Enclosed powder coating facilities which are adequately ventilated, or
3. Adequately ventilated spray booths meeting the requirements of Section
45.203 of this article.
Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition
Sec. 45.603. Electrical equipment and other sources of ignition shall conform
to the requirements of the Electrical Code.
NOTE: The application of powders by means of nonelectrostatic fluidized bed or
powder spray gun normally requires the part to be preheated; preheating is also
sometimes used with electrostatic equipment. Care must be taken to ensure that the
temperature of the part to be coated does not exceed the ignition temperature of the
powder being used.
Precautions shall be taken to minimize the possibility of ignition by static
electrical sparks, through static grounding, where possible, of powder transport,
application and recovery equipment.
Ventilation
Sec. 45.604. Exhaust ventilation shall be sufficient to maintain the atmosphere
below the lowest explosive limits for the material being applied. All nondeposited
air -suspended powders shall be safely removed via exhaust ducts to the powder
recovery cyclone or receptacle.
Drying, Curing or Fusion Equipment
Sec. 45.605. The provisions of Article 62 for Industrial Baking and Drying
Ovens shall apply.
Operation and Maintenance
Sec. 45.606. (a) All areas shall be kept free of accumulation of powder coating
dusts, particularly such horizontal surfaces as ledges, beams, pipes, hoods,
booths and floors.
131
45.606-45.701 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(b) Surfaces shall be cleaned in such manner as to avoid scattering dust to other
places or creating dust clouds. Equipment shall be approved for use in hazardous
locations.
(c) Care shall be exercised to prevent iron or spark -producing metals from
being introduced into the powders being applied. Magnetic and filter -type separa-
tors are recommended.
(d) NO SMOKING signs in accordance with Section 13.103 shall be conspic-
uously posted at all powder coating areas and powder storage rooms.
Fixed Electrostatic Spraying Equipment
Sec. 45.607. The provisions of Division IV and other sections of Division VI of
this article shall apply to fixed electrostatic equipment.
Electrostatic Fluidized Beds
Sec. 45.608. (a) Electrostatic fluidized beds and associated equipment shall
be of approved types. The maximum surface temperature of this equipment in the
coating area shall not exceed 150'R The high voltage circuits shall be designed so
as not to produce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite any powder -air mixtures
nor result in shock hazard upon coming in contact with a ground object under
normal operating conditions.
(b) Transformers, power packs, control apparatus and all other electrical
portions of the equipment, with the exception of the charging electrodes and their
connections to, the power supply, shall be located outside of the powder coating
area or shall otherwise conform to the requirements of Division VI of this article.
(c) All electrically conductive objects within the charging influence of the
electrodes shall be adequately grounded. The powder coating equipment shall
carry a prominent, permanently installed warning regarding the necessity for
grounding these objects.
(d) Objects being coated shall be maintained in contact with the conveyor or
other support in order to ensure proper grounding. Hangers shall be regularly
cleaned to ensure effective contact and areas of contact shall be sharp points or
knife edges where possible.
(e) The electrical equipment shall be so interlocked with the ventilation system
that the equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation �
Division VII
ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUAL
COMPONENT COATINGS
General
Sec. 45.701. (a) Extreme care should be exercised at all times in preventing the
contamination of organic peroxide initiators with any foreign substance. Only
spray guns and related handling equipment specifically manufactured for use with
132
1988 EDITION 45.701-45.707
organic peroxides shall be used. Separate pressure vessels and inserts specific for
the application shall be used for the resin and for the organic peroxide and they
shall not be interchanged.
(b) Organic peroxide pressure tank inserts shall be constructed of stainless
steel or polyethylene.
(c) Dusts or overspray residues resulting from the sanding or spraying of
finishing materials containing organic peroxides if mixed with other materials
may cause a fire or explosion; hence, care shall be exercised to prevent any
contamination from this source.
(d) All spilled peroxides shall be promptly removed so there are no residues.
Spilled material may be absorbed by using a noncombustible absorbent and then
promptly disposed of in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
Use of Organic Peroxide Coatings
Sec. 45.702. All spraying operations involving the use of organic peroxides
and other dual -component coatings shall be conducted in approved sprinklered
spray booths meeting the requirements of this article.
Storage
Sec. 45.703. Organic peroxides shall be stored in a cool, detached building
apart from other finishing materials, and only minimum daily requirements shall
be brought to the processing area; such material remaining at the spraying station
at the end of a day's operation shall be carefully disposed of. Organic peroxides
shall be kept away from all sources of heat including steam pipes, radiators, open
flames or sparks and solar radiation.
Handling
Sec. 45.704. Care shall be exercised in handling organic peroxides to avoid
shock and friction which can cause decomposition and violent reaction.
Mixing
Sec. 45.705. Organic peroxides shall not be mixed directly with any accelera-
tors or promoters, as violent decomposition or explosion may result.
Smoking
Sec. 45.706. Smoking shall be prohibited and NO SMOKING signs shall be
prominently displayed and only nonsparking tools shall be used in any area where
organic peroxides are stored, mixed or applied.
Personnel Qualifications
Sec. 45.707. Only specifically trained personnel shall be permitted to work
with these materials.
133
46.101-46.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 46
FRUIT -RIPENING PROCESSES
Scope
Sec. 46. 101. This article shall apply to the process of ripening green bananas or
citrus fruits in tightly closed rooms heated with indirect fired heaters and shall
include those processes where ethylene gas is introduced into the room to assist
the ripening process.
Permits
Sec. 46.102. For a permit for a fruit -ripening process, see Section 4.108.
Use of Ethylene
Sec. 46.103. (a) The location of buildings in which fruit -ripening processes
utilizing ethylene are conducted shall be approved by the chief.
(b) Ethylene shall be introduced by some means under positive control and
measured so that the quantity introduced does not exceed one part ethylene to
1000 parts of air.
(c) Containers storing ethylene shall be built in accordance with nationally
recognized good practice.
(d) Containers other than those connected for use shall be stored outside of the
building or in a special building except that not more than two portable 1CC
containers not connected for any use may be stored inside the building premises.
Such inside rooms or portions of buildings used for storage of these containers
shall be constructed in accordance with Section 49.109 (c).
(e) Ethylene piping shall be of iron pipe. Flexible connectors and hose, when
used, shall be of approved type. Tbbing shall be of brass or copper with not less
than 0.049-inch wall thickness.
Electrical Equipment
Sec. 46.104. (a) Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed in accord-
ance with the Electrical Code.
(b) Lighting shall be by electricity.
Heating
Sec. 46.105. (a) Heating of ripening rooms shall be by indirect means with low-
pressure steam, hot water or warm air, approved electric heaters or approved gas
heaters or approved kerosene heaters, all of which shall have sealed combustion
chambers.
(b) Steam and hot-water pipes and radiators shall have a clearance of at least I
inch to combustible material.
(c) Gas heaters and their vents shall be installed in accordance with the
Mechanical Code. Gas heaters shall be equipped with an automatic pilot device to
shut off the gas supply whenever the flame is extinguished.
134
1988 EDITION. 46.105-46.107
(d) Burners for gas or kerosene heaters shall be installed so that air for
combustion is taken from outside the ripening room and the products of combus-
tion are discharged to the outside.
(e) Kerosene heaters shall be installed in accordance with the applicable
provisions of the Mechanical Code.
(f) Electric heaters shall be of a type having no exposed surface at a temperature
higher than 800'F and with thermostatic elements which produce no sparks and
shall be of a type approved for use in hazardous locations.
(g) A protective guard shall be provided around any heater to prevent the
possibility of its being knocked over by other equipment such as vehicles or lift
trucks.
Open Flames
See. 46.106. (a) Open -flame heaters and open lights shall not be permitted in
ripening rooms.
(b) NO SMOKING signs shall be posted at every entrance and smoking shall be
prohibited in the ripening rooms.
Housekeeping
Sec. 46.107. Ripening rooms shall be frequently cleared of all combustible
material.
135
47.101-47.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 47
FUMIGATION AND THERMAL
INSECTICIDAL FOGGING
Scope
Sec. 47.101. This article applies to fumigations and thermal insecticidal
fogging operations which shall conform to all other applicable requirements of
this code as well as to the following provisions.
Permits
Sec. 47.102. For a permit to engage in the business of fumigation or thermal
insecticidal fogging or to maintain a fumigation room, vault or chamber in which a
toxic flammable fumigant is used, see Section 4.108.
Sources of Ignition
Sec. 47.103. (a) All fires, open flames and similar sources of ignition shall be
eliminated from the space under fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging.
Heating, if needed, shall be of an approved type.
(b) If the fumigant used has a flammability rating of 2 or higher (see Tables Nos.
47.103-A and 47.103-13), the electric service shall be disconnected outside the
premises. If the fumigant has a flammability rating of less than 2, electric service
need not be disconnected.
(c) When fumigants having a flammability rating of 2 or higher are used,
temporary remote control power leads with control switches located outside the
fumigated space may be installed for powering fumigant circulating fans in the
,fumigated space. Such fans shall be approved for the intended use.
Notification of Fumigation
Sec. 47.104. The chief shall be notified in writing at least 24 hours before any
building or structure or ship is to be closed in connection with the use of any toxic
or flammable fumigant.
Breathing Apparatus Required
Sec. 47.105. All persons engaged in the business of fumigation or thermal
insecticidal fogging shall maintain and have available approved protective breath-
ing apparatus.
Watchman Required During Fumigation
Sec. 47.106. Where a flammable gas or substance giving rise to a flammable
gas is used for fumigation, the employer shall be required to have 24-hour
supervision from the time the premises have been fumigated until all ventilation
work has been completed (approved gastight vaults or tanks are excepted from
this requirement).
Sealing of Building
Sec. 47.107. Except for approved tarps and irrespective of the type of fumigant
employed, the use of paper or other similar nonfire-retardant material to wrap or
136
1988 EDITION 47.107-47.112
cover a building in excess of that required for the sealing of cracks, casements,
etc., is prohibited.
Warning Signs
Sec. 47.108. Whenever fumigants are used or stored, conspicuous warning
signs bearing the "skull and crossbones emblem, with the words DANGER!
POISON GAS! KEEP OUT! and designating the name of the fumigant, the
fumigator's name, address and telephone number, shall be posted in such loca-
tions as to give adequate warnings thereof.
Venting and Clean Up
Sec. 47.109. At the end of the exposure period, furnigators shall safely and
properly ventilate the premises and contents, properly dispose of all fumigant
containers, residues, debris and other materials used for such fumigation and clear
obstructions from gas -fired appliance vents.
Thermal Insecticidal Fogging Liquids
Sec. 47.110. No thermal insecticidal fogging liquid shall be used that has a
flash point below 100'E
Warehouse Fumigations
Sec. 47.111. In warehouses or other structures used for the storage of produce,
tarp, fumigations of not more than 5 percent of the total volume of cubic feet of the
warehouse may be permitted without notification to the chief, provided that the
fumigation is conducted by a licensed fumigator.
Flammable Fumigants Restricted
Sec. 47.112. The use of carbon bisulfide (CS2) and hydrocyanic acid (HCN)
shall be restricted to agricultural fumigations.
137
TABLE NO. 47.103-A —CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME COMMON FUMIGANTS -Ab
ca
-4
NO.
CHEMICAL
CHEMICAL
BOILINO
WATER FLAMMABLE
HAZARDSIONAL2
REMARKS
NAME
FORMULA POINT4- F.0
SOLUBLE1 LIMITS VOL.
PIR)
IN
H F
A
1.
Acrylonitrilc3
CH2CHCN
171
No 3-17
4 3
2
May polymerize violently on con-
tact with alkali unless inhibited.
Decomposes and releases hydrogen
cyanide at high temperatures or in
contact with acids.
2.
Aluminum
AIP
S" Phosphine
Not flammable in dry state but re -
Phosphide
acts with moisture to produce phos-
(formulated)
phine gas.
3
Benzene'
C,H,
176
No 1.3-7.1
2 3
0
Can be absorbed through skin.
4.
Calcium
Ca(CN)2
S" Hydrogen Cyanide
Reacts slowly with moisture to re -
Cyanide
lease hydrogen cyanide.
5.
Carbon
CS2
115
No 1.3-44
2 3
0
Low ignition temperature —2120F.
Disulfidel
6.
Carbon
C Cl,
170
No none
2 0
0
Decomposes at elevated tempera -
Tetrachloride'
tures to form phosgene and hydro-
gen chloride.
7.
Chloroform'
CH C13
142
No none
2 0
0
Decomposes at elevated tempera-
tures to form phosgene and hydro-
gen chloride.
&
Chloropicrin
CC13NO2
233.6
No none
4 0
1
Z
Causes severe eye irritation (tear __n,
gas). May decompose violendy 0
when heated above 3900F.
9.
Ethylene
CH2BT CHjBr
268.7
No none
3 0
0
71
Dibromicle
M
0
IQ
Ethylene
CH12CI CH3CI.
183
No 6.2-16
2 3
0
Decomposes at elevated tempera- 0
Dichloride'
tures to give off phosgene. 0
M
11. Ethylene Oxides CH20CHs 51 Yes
3-100
2
.4
3
May polymerize violently in con- W
in
tact with highly reactive catalytic
surfaces. nnot depend upon M
odor for warning.
12. Hydrogen HCN 79 Yes
6-41
4
4
2
Almond -like odor, but do not de -
Cyanide
pend upon odor for warning. May Z
lymerize violently when unsta-
i0lized. Can be absorbed through
sun.
13 Methyl Bromide CH3Br 40 No
10-16
3
1
0
14 Methylene CH,CI 1 104 No
IS.S-66
2
0
0
May form explosive mixtures with
Chloride'
(in oxygen
air at high concentrations.
only)
15 Phosphine PH3 —12S No
1.79
3
4
1
Decomposes when heated to give
phosphorus oxides. Low ignition
temperature 212 to 3020F. Explo-
sive under vacuum fun -Ligation
conditions.
16 Propylene CH2CHOCH3 95 Yes
2.1-21.5
2
4
2
Cannot depend upon odor for
Oxide'
warning.
17 Sulfur Dioxide' S02 14 Slightly
none
3
0
0
Vapors are corrosive to some met-
als.
18 Sulfuryl fluoride S02F2 — 67 No
none
2
0
0
Cannot depend upon odor for
warning.
From standpoint of use of water for extinguishment by dilution.
2H = Health, F = Flammability, R = Reactivity. If the fumigant
is a mixture of compounds,
use numbers corresponding to the
properties of the mixture.
3Seldorn used singly as fumigant, but are used as components of mixtures.
74
CP
TABLE NO. 47.103-B
IDENTIFICATION OF HEALTH HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION OF FLAMMABILITY
IDENTIFICATION OF REACTIVITY
COLOR CODE: BLUE
COLOR CODE: RED
(STABILITY) COLOR CODE: YELLOW
Type of Possible Injury
Susceptibility of Materials to Burning
Susceptibility to Release of Energy
SIGNAL
SIGNAL
SIGNAL
Materials which will rapidly
Materials which on very.short
or completely vaporize at at-
Materials which are readily capable
4
exposure could cause death
or major residual injury even
4
mospheric pressure and nor-
ambient temperature
4
f detonation or of explosive decorn-
mal or
position or reaction at normal tem-
though prompt medical treat-
which are readily dispersed
peratures and pressures.
ment were given.
in air and which will burn
rapidly.
Materials which on short ex-
Liquids and solids that can
Materials which are capable of det-
onation or explosive reaction but re -
3
posure could cause serious
temporary or residual injury
3
be ignited under almost all
-3
quire a strong initiating source or
even though prompt me8ical
a ibient temperature condi-
which must be heated under confine -
treatment were given.
tions.
inent before initiation or which react
explosively with water.
Materials which on intense
Materials that must be mod-
Materials which are normally unstable
,or continued exposure- could
erately heated or exposed to
and readily undergo violent chemical
2
cause temporary incapacita-
2
relatively high ambient tem-
2
change but do not detonate. Also
tion or possible residual in -
peratures before ignition can
materials which may react violently
jury unless prompt medical
with water or which may forin poten�-
treatment is given.
occur.
tially explosive mixtures with water.
Materials which on exposure
Materials which are normally stable,
would cause irritation but
Materials that must b pre-
e
heated before ignition
but which can become unstable at ele-
vated temperatures and or
only minor residual injury
can
pressures
even if no treatment is given.
occur.
which may react with water with some
release of energy but not viojently.
Materials which on exposure
under fire conditions would
Materials which are normally stable,
0
offer no hazard beyond that
0
Materials that will not burn.
0
even under fire exposure conditions '
of ordinary combustible ma-
and which are not reactive with water.
terial.
W
0
,n
ra
In
0
0
0
IT!
1988 EDITION 48.101-48.107
ARTICLE 48
MAGNESIUM
Scope
Sec. 48.101. This article applies to the storage, handling and processing of
magnesium, including the pure metal as well as those alloys of which the major
part is magnesium.
Permits
See. 48.102. For a permit for the melting, casting, heat treating, machining or
grinding of magnesium, see Section 4.108.
Storage of Pigs, Ingots and Billets
Sec. 48.103. (a) Storage of magnesium pigs, ingots and billets out of doors
shall be in piles not exceeding 1,000,000 pounds each, separated by aisles not less
in width than one half the height of pile, and separated from combustible material
or buildings on the same or adjoining property by a distance of not less than the
height of the nearest pile.
(b) Storage of pigs, ingots and billets in buildings shall be on floors of
noncombustible construction, in piles not larger than 500,000 pounds each,
separated by aisles not less in width than one half the height of the pile.
Melting Pots
Sec. 48.104. Floors under and around melting pots shall be of noncombustible
construction.
Storage of Magnesium Articles in Foundries and Processing Plants
Sec. 48.105. The size of storage piles of magnesium articles in foundries and
processing plants shall not exceed 1250 cubic feet and shall be separated by aisles
not less in width than one half the height of the pile.
Heat -treating Ovens
Sec. 48.106. Approved means shall be provided for control of magnesium
fires in heat -treating ovens.
Magnesium Processing Operations
Sec. 48.107. (a) At each grinding, buffing or wire brushing operation on
magnesium, not including rough finishing of castings, dust shall be collected by
means of suitable hoods or enclosures connected to a liquid precipitation type of
separator, such that the dust will be converted to sludge without contact in a dry
state with any high-speed moving parts.
(b) Connecting ducts or suction tubes shall be completely grounded and as short
as possible with no unnecessary bends. Ducts shall be carefully fabricated and
assembled, with a smooth interior and with internal lap joints pointing in the
direction of air flow and without unused capped side outlets, pockets or other
dead-end spaces which might allow an accumulation of dust.
(c) Each machine shall be equipped with its individual dust separating unit,
141
48-107-48.110 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
except that with multiunit machines not more than two dust -producing units may
be served by one separator. Not more than four portable dust -producing units in a
single enclosure or stand may be served by one separator unit.
(d) Power supply to machines shall be interlocked with:
1. Exhaust air flow, and
2. Liquid pressure level or flow in such away that improper functioning of the
dust removal and separator system will shut down the machine it serves.
(e) All electric wiring, fixtures and equipment in the immediate vicinity of and
attached to dust -producing machines, including those used in connection with
separator equipment, shall be of approved types and installed for use in Class 11,
Division 1 hazardous locations as specified in the Electrical Code.
(f) All equipment shall be securely grounded by permanent ground wires as
specified in the Electrical Code.
Fire -extinguishing Materials
Sec. 48.108. A supply of approved extinguishing Materials in a substantial
container with a hand scoop or shovel for applying material on magnesium fires or
an approved extinguisher unit designed for use with such material shall be kept
within easy reach of every operator performing a machining, grinding or other
processing operation on magnesium.
Storage of Magnesium Articles In Warehouses and Stores
Sec. 48.109. (a) Magnesium storage in quantity greater than 50 cubic feet shall
be separated from storage of other materials that are either combustible or in
combustible containers, by aisles equal in width to not less than the height of the
piles of magnesium.
(b) Magnesium storage in quantity greater than 1000 cubic feet shall be
separated into piles, each not larger than 1000 cubic feet with aisles between equal
in width to not less than the height of the piles.
(c) Magnesium in quantities over 1000 cubic feet or in combustible containers
or within 30 feet of other combustibles shall not be stored in unsprinklered
combustible buildings.
Handling of Magnesium Fines (Fine Magnesium Scrap)
Sec. 48.110. (a) Chips, turnings and other fine magnesium scrap shall be
collected from the pans or spaces under machines and from other places where
they collect at least once each working day and placed in a covered, vented steel
container and removed to a safe location.
(b) Magnesium fines shall be kept separate from other combustible materials.
(c) Storage in quantity greater than 50 cubic feet of fine magnesium scrap (six
55-gallon steel drums) shall be separated from other occupancies by an open
space of at least 50 feet orby an area separation wall constructed as specified in the
Building Code.
(d) Storage in quantity greater than 1000 cubic feet shall be separated from all
buildings other than those used for magnesium scrap recovery operations by a
distance of not less than 100 feet.
142
1988 EDITION 49.101-49.102
ARTICLE 49
WELDING AND CUTTING USING
CALCIUM CARBIDE AND ACETYLENE
General Requirements
Sec. 49.101. (a) In performance of welding and cutting operations, only
approved equipment such as blowpipes, torches, regulators and acetylene genera-
tors that have been examined and tested and found to be safeguarded as far as
practicable shall be used.
(b) All cylinders or containers used for the storage of compressed gases shall be
constructed, charged and marked in accordance with nationally recognized safe
practices.
(c) For a permit to conduct welding and/or cutting operations, see Section
4.108.
Piping of Oxygen and Fuel Gases
Sec. 49.102. (a) Except as provided in Section 49.102 (b) and (c), piping shall
be of wrought iron, steel, brass or copper pipe, or approved seamless copper, brass
or other approved gas tubing. All piping and fittings for conveying gas or liquid at
pressures up to 150 pounds per square inch shall be suitable for a safe working
pressure of not less than 150 pounds per,square inch. For pressures in excess of
150 pounds per square inch, extra -heavy-duty pipe and fittings shall be used as a
minimum. Joints in steel or wrought iron pipe shall be welded or made up with
threaded or flanged fittings; or rolled, forged or cast steel, or malleable iron
fittings may be used. Joints in brass or copper pipe may be welded or made up with
threaded or flanged fittings. Joints in approved seamless copper, brass or other
approved nonferrous gas tubing shall be made by means of approved fittings or, if
of the socket type, with silver solder or similar high -melting -point material. Cast-
iron fittings shall be prohibited. Threaded connections in oxygen piping shall be
tinned or made up with other suitable joint sealer applied to the male thread.
(b) Acetylene piping shall be steel or wrought iron pipe only.
(c) Oxygen piping shall be steel, wrought iron, brass or copper pipe or ap-
proved seamless nonferrous gas tubing. Tubing shall be used only for pressures of
150 pounds per square inch or less.
(d) P J iping shall be protected against injury, and allowance made for contrac-
tion, expansion, jarring and vibration, If laid underground, it shall be below the
frost line and protected against corrosion. Low points in piping shall be provided
with drip pots and drain valves, the latter to be normally closed with screw caps or
plugs. Oxygen piping shall not be placed in any location where it may be exposed
to contact with oil.
(e) All piping shall be tested and proved tight at one and one-half times its
maximum working pressure. Any medium used for testing oxygen lines shall be
oil free. Flames shall not be used to detect leaks.
143
49.102-49.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(f) All buried pipe and tubing and outdoor ferrous pipe and tubing shall be
covered or painted with a suitable corrosion -resisting material.
Manifolding of Cylinders
Sec. 49.103. (a) Oxygen manifolds shall not be located in an acetylene genera-
tor room or in close proximity to cylinders of combustible gases. Oxygen mani-
folds shall be located away from highly flammable material, especially oil, grease
or any substance Uely to cause or accelerate fire.
(b) The aggregate capacity of fuel -gas cylinders connected to one manifold
inside a building shall not exceed 3000 cubic feet of gas, or 300 pounds in the case
of liquefied petroleum gas. More than one such manifold, each supplying one
blowpipe or one machine, may be located in the same room if separated at least 50
feet.
(c) Where it is necessary to manifold fuel -gas cylinders having an aggregate gas
capacity in excess of 3000 cubic feet, they shall be located outside or in a special
building, or in a separate room constructed in accordance with the provisions of
Section 49.109 (b).
Storage of Cylinders
Sec. 49.104. (a) Cylinders of fuel gases stored inside a building, except those in
actual use or attached ready for use, shall be limited to a total capacity of 3000
cubic feet (250 pounds of liquefied petroleum gas). Storage exceeding the above
amount shall be in a separate room as provided for by Section 49.109, or cylinders
shall be kept outside or in a special building. Buildings, rooms or compartments
provided for such storage shall be well ventilated and be without open -flame
heating or lighting devices.
(b) Cylinders stored inside of buildings shall be away from highly combustible
materials and in locations where they are not subject to excessive rise in tempera-
ture, mechanical injury or tampering. All cylinders, including empty ones, shall
have their caps in place and all valves tightly closed.
(c) All compressed gas cylinders in service or in storage shall be adequately
secured to prevent falling or being knocked over.
Liquid Oxygen
Sec. 49.105. Where liquid oxygen in a quantity exceeding 100 gallons is to be
used for welding and cutting, the container or containers shall be located outside
or in a special building having no other occupancy except that related to the
handling and gasification of the oxygen.
Hose and Hose Connections
See. 49.106. (a) Hose shall be capable of withstanding a hydrostatic pressure of
800 pounds per square inch.
(b) A single hose having more than one gas passage, a wall failure of which
would permit the flow of one gas into the other gas passage, shall not be used.
Where two hoses joined by a web so as to form integral lengths of double hose are
used, the two hoses shall be identified as follows:
144
1988 EDITION - 49.106-49.107
I . By exterior color, such as by employing green for oxygen and red for
acetylene, or
2. If the entire exterior of both passages is of the same color, the two sides
shall be distinguished by feel or touch (i.e., smooth versus rib or rough
exterior surface).
(c) When parallel lengths of oxygen and acetylene hose are taped together for
convenience and to prevent tangling, not more than 4 inches out of each 8 shall be
covered by tape.
(d) Hose connections shall be clamped or otherwise securely fastened in a
manner that will withstand, without leakage, twice the pressure to which they are
normally subjected in service but in no case less than a pressure of 300 pounds per
square inch.
(e) Hose shall be inspected frequently for leaks, burns, torn places, loose
connections or other defects which may render the hose unfit for service. Where
hose shows excessive wear or has been subjected to flashback it shall be inspected
and tested at twice the normal pressure which it is subject to in service but in no
case at less than 200 pounds per square inch before being returned to service.
Defective lengths of hose shall be discarded.
General Safety Rules for Welding and Cutting
Sec. 49.107. (a) No device or attachment facilitating or permitting mixture of
air or oxygen with combustible gases prior to consumption, except at the burner or
in a standard torch or blowpipe, shall be allowed unless approved for the purpose.
(b) The user shall not transfer gases from one cylinder to another or mix gases in
a cylinder.
(c) Under no conditions shall acetylene gas be generated, piped (except in
approved cylinder manifolds) or utilized at a pressure in excess of 15 pounds per
square inch gage pressure, except when dissolved in a suitable solvent in cylinders
manufactured according to Interstate Commerce Commission requirements.
(d) The use of liquid acetylene is prohibited.
(e) Acetylene gas shall not be brought in contact with unalloyed copper except
in a blowpipe or torch.
(f) Oxygen shall never be used from a cylinder or cylinder manifold unless a
pressure -regulating device intended for use with oxygen, and so marked, is
provided.
(g) Fuel gas shall never be used from cylinders through torches or other devices
equipped with shutoff valves without reducing the pressure through a suitable
regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold.
(h) Cylinders, valves, regulators, hose and other apparatus and fittings contain-
ing or using oxygen shall be kept free from oil or grease. Oxygen cylinders,
apparatus and fittings shall not be handled with oily hands or gloves or greasy
materials.
(i) When moving compressed gas, cylinders by crane, suitable cradles shall be
used in order to reduce the possibility of dropping. Ordinary rope slings or
electromagnets shall not be used.
145
49.107-49.109 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
0) Oxygen and fuel gas cylinders and acetylene generators shall be placed far
enough away from the welding position that they will not be unduly heated by
radiation from heated materials, by sparks or slag, or by misdirection of the torch
flame.
(k) Gas welding or cutting shall not be done in or near rooms or locations where
flammable liquids or vapors, lint, dust or loose combustible stocks are so located
or arranged that sparks or hot metal from the welding or cutting operations may
cause ignition or explosion of such materials.
(1) When such welding or cutting must be done above or within 10 feet of
combustible construction or material or above a place where workers are em-
ployed, or where persons are likely to pass, noncombustible shields shall be
interposed to protect such materials and persons from sparks and hot metal or
oxide.
(m) One or more first -aid fire -extinguishing appliances of a suitable approved
type shall be kept at the location where welding or cutting is being done.
(n) When welding or cutting is done above or within 10 feet of combustible
construction or material, a fire watch shall be on hand to make use of fire -
extinguishing equipment.
(o) A fire watch shall be maintained for at least a half hour after completion of
cutting or welding operations to detect and extinguish possible smoldering fires.
Containers for Calcium Carbide
Sec. 49.108. Containers used for the storage of calcium carbide shall be of
metal of sufficient strength to ensure handling without rupture and shall be
provided with a screw top or its equivalent. They shall be of watertight construc-
tion. Solder shall not be used onjoints in such a manner that fire would disrupt the
package. Packages shall be marked CALCIUM CARBIDE —DANGEROUS IF
NOT KEPT DRY.
Storage of Calcium Carbide In Buildings
Sec. 49.109. (a) Storage of calcium carbide inside buildings shall be in a dry,
waterproof and well -ventilated location.
(b) Calcium carbide in excess of 600 pounds shall not be stored in a building
containing other occupancy unless in an acetylene generator room or separate
room in a one-story building without basement underneath the carbide storage
section. Such rooms shall be separated from the rest of the building by a one -hour
occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. The room or
compartments may also be used for storage of fuel -gas cylinders but not oxygen.
Adequate ventilation shall be provided.
(c) Calcium carbide in excess of 5000 pounds shall be stored in one-story
buildings without basement and used for either no other purpose except the
storage of fuel -gas cylinders, or in outside acetylene generator houses. Locations
of such storage buildings shall be approved by the chief and shall comply with the
requirements of the Building Code for a Group H, Division 3 Occupancy.
146
1988 EDITION 49.110-49.113
Generators to Be Approved
Sec. 49.110. Acetylene generators shall be of approved type and shall be
plainly marked with the rate in cubic feet of acetylene per hour for which they are
designed, the amount of weight of carbide necessary for a single charge, the
manufacturer's name and address and the name or number of the type of generator.
Generator Rooms
Sec. 49.111. (a) Stationary generators shall be installed in a well -ventilated
room located in one-story buildings or on the top floor or roof of multistory
buildings. Such rooms shall be separated from the rest of the building by a one -
hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the Building Code. At least
one wall of a generator room shall be an exterior wall.
(b) Approved explosion venting shall be provided in exterior walls or roofs.
The venting area shall be not less than one square foot per 50 cubic feet of room
volume.
(c) The storage of fuel gas cylinders in such rooms shall not exceed a total
capacity of 2000 cubic feet of gas, or a total water capacity of 735 pounds of LPG
or methylacetylene-propadiene stabilized.
Portable Generators
Sec. 49.112. (a) Portable generators shall not be used in rooms having a total
volume less than 35 times the total gm -generating capacity per charge of all
generators in the room. The gas -generating capacity in cubic feet per charge shall
be assumed as 4.5 times the weight of carbide pet charge in pounds. Generators
shall not be used in rooms having a ceiling height less than 10 feet.
(b) An acetylene generator shall not be moved by derrick crane or hoist while
charged.
Protection Against Freezing
See. 49.113. Generators shall be placed where water will not freeze. No
common salt (sodium chloride) or other corrosive chemical shall be used as a
protection against freezing.
147
50.101-50.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 50
MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS
Scope
. See. 50. 101. (a) This article shall apply to (1) processes manufacturing protect-
ive and decorative finishes or coating (paints) for industrial, automotive, marine,
transportation, institutional, household or other purposes, and (2) the handling of
flammable or combustible liquids, certain c ombustible solids and potential dust
explosion conditions
(b) This article shall not apply to (1) processes manufacturing nonflammable or
water -thinned coatings or (2) operations applying coating materials.
Definition
Sec. 50.102. For definition of ORGANIC COATING, see Section 9.117.
Permits
Sec. 50.103. For permits for organic coating manufacturing operations, see
Section 4.108.
Process Buildings
Sec. 50.104. (a) Manufacturing of organic coatings shall be done only in
buildings meeting the requirements of a Group H Occupancy as specified in the
Building Code. Such buildings shall have no pits or basements and shall be
provided with approved explosion venting facilities.
(b) An organic coating manufacturing operation shall not be located in the same
building with other occupancies. Operations incidental to or in connection with
organic coating manufacturing shall not be classed as "other occupancies " for the
purpose of this provision.
(c) An organic coating manufacturing operation shall be accessible from at least
one side for the purposd of fire control.
(d) Where topographical conditions are such that flammable or combustible
liquids may flow from the organic coating manufacturing operation so as to
constitute a fire hazard to properties of others, drainage facilities shall be provided
in accordance with Section 50.106.
(e) Enclosed buildings in which Class I liquids are processed or handled shall
be ventilated at a rate of not less than 1/2 cubic foot per minute per square foot of
solid floor area. This shall be accomplished by exhaust fans preferably taking
suction at floor levels and discharging to a'safe location outside the building.
Provision shall be made for introduction of noncontaminated intake air in such a
manner that all portions of solid floor areas will be subject to continuous distrib-
uted movement of air.
(f) Heating in hazardous areas, if required, shall be provided by indirect means.
Ignition sources such as open flames or electrical heating elements, except as
provided in Section 50. 111, shall not be used within the, building.
148
1988 EDITION 50.105-50.106
Storage of Raw Materials and Finished Products
Sec. 50.105. (a) The storage, handling and use of flammable and combustible
liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79.
(b) Tank storage for flammable and combustible liquids inside of buildings
shall be permitted only in storage areas at or above grade which are separated from
the processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified
in the Building Code. This is not intended to prevent processing equipment from
containing flammable and combustible liquids or storage in such quantities as are
essential to the continuity of operations.
(c) Tank car and tank vehicle loading and unloading stations for Class I liquids
shall be separated from the processing area, other plant buildings, nearest line of
adjoining property that may be built upon, or public thoroughfare, by a clear
distance of not less than 25 feet.
(d) Loading and unloading structures and platforms for flammable and com-
bustible liquids shall be designed and installed in accordance with Article 79.
(e) Tank cars for Class I or 11 liquids shall be unloaded so as to be reasonably
safe to persons and property.
(f) Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids shall be loaded and
unloaded in accordance with Article 79.
(g) Finished products that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored
outside of buildings or in a separate building, or in a separate room separated from
the processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified
in the Building Code. The storage of finished products shall be in tanks or in
closed containers in accordance with Article 79.
(h) The nitrocellulose storage area shall be in a separate building or in a room
which is separated from the processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation
constructed as specified in the Building Code. The nitrocellulose storage shall be
used for no other purpose. Electrical wiring equipment shall be installed in
accordance with the Electrical Code.
(i) Nitrocellulose shall be stored only in closed containers. Barrels shall be
stored on end and, if tiered, not more than two high. Barrels or other containers of
nitrocellulose shall not be opened in the main storage building but at the point of
use or other location set aside for this purpose.
0) Spilled nitrocellulose shall be promptly wetted with water and disposed of
by use or by burning in the open at a suitable detached location.
(k) The storage of organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Article 80.
(1) The size of the package containing the organic peroxide shall be selected so
that, as nearly as practical, full packages are utilized at one time. Any peroxide
spilled shall be promptly cleaned up and disposed of as recommended by the
supplier.
Drainage Facilities
Sec. 50.106. Drainage facilities shall be provided to direct flammable and
combustible liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe location away from
the building, any other important value, or adjoining property.
149
50.107-50.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Process Mills, Mixers and Kettles
Sec. 50.107. (a) Mills operating with close clearances and used for the process-
ing of flammable and heat -sensitive materials, such as nitrocellulose, shall be
located in a detached building or in a noncombustible structure without other
occupancy The amount of nitrocellulose or other flammable material brought
into the area shall be no more than that required for a batch.
(b) Mixers shall be of the enclosed type or, if of the open type, shall be provided
with properly fitted covers. Where gravity flow is used, a shutoff valve shall be
installed as close as practical to the mixer and a control valve shall be provided
near the end of the fill pipe.
(c) Open kettles shall be located in an outside area, provided with a protective
roof or in a separate building of noncombustible construction or separated from
other areas by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed as specified in the
Building Code.
(d) The vaporizer section of heat transfer systems heating closed kettles con-
taining solvents shall be remotely located. Contact heated kettles containing
solvents shall be equipped with safety devices that in case of fire turn the process
heat off, turn the cooling medium on and inject inert gas into the kettle.
(e) The kettle and thin -down tank shall be instrumented, controlled and inter-
locked so that any failure of the controls will result in a safe condition. The kettle
shall be provided with a pressure rupture disc in case the normal vent becomes
inoperative. The vent piping from the rupture disc shall be of a minimum length
and shall discharge to a safe location. The thin -down tank shall be adequately
vented. Thinning operations shall be provided with an adequate vapor removal
system.
Process Piping
Sec. 50.108. (a) All piping, valves and fittings shall be designed for the
working pressures and structural stresses to which they may be subjected. They
shall be of steel or other material approved for the service intended.
(b) Valves shall be of an indicating type. Terminal valves on remote pumping
systems shall be of the "dead -man" type which will shut off both the pump and
the flow of solvent.
(c) Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protected against
physical damage. Piping shall be pitched to avoid unintentional trapping of
liquids or suitable drains shall be provided.
(d) Approved flexible connectors may be used where vibration exists or where
frequent movement is necessary Approved hose shall be used at dispensing
stations.
(e) Before being placed in service, all piping shall be free of leaks when tested to
not less than one and one-half times the working pressure or a minimum of not less
than 5 psig at the highest point in the system. Tests shall continue for a minimum
of 30 minutes.
150
1988 EDITION 50.109-50.111
Transfer of Flammable and Combustible Liquids In Process Areas
Sec. 50.109. (a) The transfer of large quantities of flammable and combustible
liquids shall be through piping by means of pumps. The use of compressed air as a
transfer medium shall be prohibited.
(b) Pumps shall be selected for the flammable and combustible liquid used, the
working pressures and the structural stresses to which they may be subjected.
(c) Where solvents are pumped from storage to points of use, approved
switches shall be provided in the processing areas and at the pumps to shut down
the pumps in case of fire.
(d) Empty and filled containers shall be stored outside the filling area.
Raw Materials In Process Areas
See. 50.110. (a) The amount of nitrocellulose brought into the operating area
shall not exceed that required for a shift. Any nitrocellulose which may be spilled
on the floor or elsewhere shall be promptly swept up, put into a pail of water and
removed at the end of the day or shift and disposed of by use or by burning in the
open -at a suitable detached location.
(b) Organic peroxides brought into the operating area shall be in the original
shipping container and shall not exceed the quantity required for a shift. When in
the operating area the peroxide shall not be placed in locations exposed to ignition
sources, heat or mechanical shocks.
Electrical Equipment
Sec. 50.111. (a) All electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the
Electrical Code.
(b) Where Class I liquids are exposed to the air, the design of equipment and
ventilation of buildings shall be such as to limit the Class I, Division I locations to
pits, the interior of equipment and the "immediate vicinity" of pumps or equip-
ment locations such as dispensing stations, open centrifuges, plate and frame
filters, opened vacuum filters, change cans and the surfaces of open equipment.
Immediate vicinity means a zone extending from the vapor liberation point 20 feet
horizontally in all directions and vertically from the floor to a level 6 feet above
the highest point of vapor liberation.
(c) All locations not covered by Section 50. 111 (b) where Class I liquids are
handled shall be Class I, Division 2. If the flash point of the liquid processed is
higher than ambient temperature and at least 100'E, ordinary electrical equip-
ment may be used, though care shall be used in locating electrical apparatus to
prevent hot metal from falling into open processing equipment.
(d) Ordinary electrical equipment, including switch gear, may be used if
installed in a room which is maintained under positive pressure with respect to the
hazardous area. Air or other media for pressurization shall be taken from a
location where entrainment of flammable vapor is improbable.
151
50.112-50.114 ' UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Protection Against Static Electricity and Lightning
Sec. 50.112. (aj All equipment such as tanks, machinery and piping, where an
ignitable mixture may be present, shall be bonded and connected to a ground. The
bond or ground or both shall be physically applied or shall be inherently present by
the nature of installation. This electrically conductive path shall have a resistance
of not more than one million ohms.
(b) Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or equipment shall be
bonded to the other portions of the system or grounded.
(c) Tank vehicles loaded or unloaded through open connections shall be
grounded and bonded to the receiving system.
(d) When a flammable mixture is transferred from one portable container to
another, a bond shall be provided between the two containers.
(e) Steel framing of buildings shall be grounded with resistance of not more
than five ohms.
Fire Protection
Sec. 50.113. (a) An approved fire alarm system shall be provided.
(b) All plant fire protection facilities shall be adequately maintained, periodi-
cally inspected and tested.
Maintenance
Sec. 50.114. (a) The cleaning of tanks or vessels which have contained
flammable or combustible liquids shall be done only under the supervision of
persons who understand the fire and explosion potential.
(b) When necessary to make repairs involving "hot work," the work shall be
authorized by the responsible individual in charge before the work is started.
(c) When necessary to enter a tank, pit, manhole or other confined spaces, such
entr� shall be authorized by the responsible individual in charge.
(d) Power -operated industrial trucks shall be of a type approved for the loca-
tion.
(e) Open flames and direct -fired heating devices shall be prohibited in areas
where flammable vapor -air mixtures may exist.
(f) Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated areas.
(g) Empty containers previously used for flammable or combustible liquids
shall be removed to a well -detached, outside location and, if not cleaned on the
premises, removed from the plant as soon as practical.
(h) Storage in containers outside of buildings shall conform to Article 79.
(i) Adequate aisles shall be maintained for the unobstructed movement of
personnel and fire -protection equipment.
152
1988 EDITION 51.101-51.102
ARTICLE 51
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION
FACILITIES USING HAZARDOUS
- PRODUCTION MATERIALS
Scope
Sec. 51.101. This article shall apply to buildings in which hazardous produc-
tion materials are used in excess of quantities shown in Table No. 9-A of the
Building Code and which are classified as Group H, Division 6 Occupancies.
The storage, handling and use of hazardous production materials shall comply
with the provisions of this article as well as other applicable provisions of this
code. All required devices and systems shall be maintained in an operable
condition.
Def Initions
Sec. 51.102. For the purpose of this article, certain terms are defined as
follows:
EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM is a system intended to provide the
indication and warning of abnormal conditions and summon appropriate aid.
EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION is an approved location on the prem-
ises of a Group H, Division 6 Occupancy where signals from emergency equip-
ment are received and which is continually staffed by trained personnel.
FABRICATION AREA (Fab Area) is an area within a Group H, Division 6
Occupancy in which there are processes involving hazardous production materi-
als and may include ancillary rooms or areas such as dressing rooms and offices
that are directly related to the fab area processes.
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM) is a solid, liquid or gas
that has a degree -of -hazard rating in health, flammability or reactivity of Class 3
or 4 as ranked by U. E C. Standard No. j9-3 and which is used directly in research,
laboratory or production processes which have as their end product materials
which are not hazardous.
HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID is an HPM liquid that is defined as being
either flammable or combustible under the definitions listed in Article 9.
HPM STORAGE ROOM is a room used for the storage or dispensing of
hazardous production material (HPM) and which is classified as a Group H,
Division 1, 2, 3 or 7 Occupancy.
INSIDE HPM STORAGE ROOM is a room totally enclosed within a build- O�
ing and having no exterior walls.
SERVICE CORRIDOR is a fully enclosed passage used for'tranSpOrting
2C
CD
hazardous production materials and purposes other than required exiting.
USE (Material) is the placing in action or making available for service by
opening or connecting any container utilized for confinement of material whether
a solid, liquid or gas.
153 -
51.102-51.105, 51.1 05-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
WORK STATION is a defined space or an independent principal piece of
equipment using hazardous production materials within a fabrication area where a
specific function, a laboratory procedure or a research activity occurs. Approved
cabinets serving the work station shall be defined as a part of the work station. The'
station may contain ventilation equipment, fire protection devices, sensors for gas
and other hazards, electrical devices and other processing and scientific
equipment.
Permits
Sec. 51.103. For a permit for the storage, handling and use of hazardous
production materials, see Section 4.108.
Sprinkler System Alarm
Sec. 51.104. Sprinkler systems shall be supervised as provided in Chapter 38 of
the Building Code with alarm signaling sent to the emergency control station.
Fabrication Area
Sec . 51.105. (a) General. Fabrication areas shall comply with the require-
ments of the Building Code for a Group H, Division 6 Occupancy.
(b) Location. The occupied levels of fab areas shall not be located below the
first story.
(c) Maximum Quantities of HIM. The average density of HPM within a
single fabrication area shall not exceed the density as specified in Table No.
Z 51.105-B. Nothing in this provision shall limit any single fabrication area from
having a total quantity of HPM to an amount less than that specified in Table No.
51.105-A.
TABLE NO. 51.105-A
PERMITTED QUANTITIES OF HPM IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA
MATERIAL
Flammable liquids
Class I -A
Class I-B
Class I-C
Combination flammable liquids
Combustible liquids
Class Il
Class 111-A
Flammable gases
Liquefied flammable gases
Flammable solids
Corrosive liquids
Oxidizing material —gases
Oxidizing material —liquids
Oxidizing material —solids
Organic peroxides
Highly toxic material and
poisonous gas
154
MAXIMUM QUANTITY
90 gal.
180 gal.
270 gal.
360 gal.
360 gal.
750 gal.
9,000 cu. ft. at one atmosphere
of pressure at 70oE
180 gal.
1,500 lbs.
165 gal.
18,000 cu. ft.
150 gal.
1,500 lbs.
30 lbs.
Included in the aggregate for
flammables as noted above
1988 EDITION 51.105-B, 51.105
� TABLE NO. 51.10.5-B
PERMITTED QUANTITIES OF HPM IN A SINGLE GROUP H,
DIVISION 6 OCCUPANCY —DENSITY BASISI 2
STATE
UNITS
FLAMMABLE
OXIDIZER
CORROSIVE
Solid
lb./sq. ft.
0.001
0.003
0.003
Liquid
gal./sq. ft.
0.043
0.03
0.08
Gas
c.f. /sq. ft.
1.250
1.250
3.000
'HPM within piping shall not be included in the calculated quantities.
2The maximum permitted quantities of flammable/toxic gases shall not exceed the quanity
specified by Table No. 51.105-A.
3The maximum permitted quantities of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed
the following quantities:
Class (I -A) + (I-B) + (I-C) (Combination flammable liquids) ............... = .025
however, Class I -A shall not exceed ................................. = .0025
bassII .......................................................... = .01
ClassIII -A ....................................................... = .02
(d) Ventilation Requirements. 1. General. Exhaust ventilation shall be pro-
vided to produce not less than I cubic foot per minute per square foot, floor area,
and shall comply with Section 79.804, Item No. 3.
2. Separating systems. The return -air system of one fab area shall not connect
to another system within the building.
3. Ventilation controls. There shall be a manual control switch for the supply
or recirculation air systems, or both, located outside the fab area. Additional
manual control switch locations may be required by the chief.
(e) Special Provisions. 1. Excess flow control. Where HPM supply gas is
carried in pressurized piping, a fail-safe system shall shut off flow due to a rupture
in the piping. Where the piping originates from within the HPM storage room, this
excess flow valve shall be located within the HPM storage room. Where the
piping originates from outside the building, the valve shall be located outside the
building as close to the bulk source as practical.
2. Piping and tubing installation. Piping and tubing shall be installed in
accordance with approved standards. Supply piping of hazardous production
materials having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall have welded connections
throughout unless an exhausted enclosure is provided.
EXCEPTION: Material which is incompatible with ferrous piping may be
installed in nonmetallic piping with approved connections.
3. Gas -detection system. When hazardous production material gas is used or
dispensed and the physiological warning properties for the gas are at a higher level
than the accepted permissible exposure limit for the gas, a continuous gas -
monitoring system shall be provided to detect the presence of a short-term hazard
condition. When dispensing occurs and flammable gases or vapors may be
present in quantities in excess of 20 percent of the lower explosive limit, a.
continuous gas -monitoring system shall be provided. The monitoring system
shall be connected to the emergency control station.
155
51.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Work Station Within the Fabrication Area
Sec. 51.106. (a) Construction. Work stations within fabrication areas shall be
constructed of materials compatible with the materials used at the station. The
portion of the work station that serves as a cabinet for hazardous gases and
flammable liquids shall be noncombustible and, if of metal, shall be not less than
0.0478-inch (18 gage) steel. Hazardous gases and liquid containers within the
work station shall be protected from seismic forces in an approved manner.
(b) Maximum Quantities of HPM. The HPM materials in use in a work station
shall not exceed:
Flammables
gases
3 cylinders
and T�xics
liquids
15 gallons
Combined
solids
5 pounds
Corrosives
gases
3 cylinders
liquids
25 gallonsl
solids
20 pounds
Oxidizers
gases
3 cylinders
liquids
12 gallons I
solids
20 pounds
lAn equal amount of nonflammable HPM liquid in reservoirs of filtering systems of
connected materials in use shall
be permitted.
(c) Exhaust Ventilation. 1. Design criteria. There shall be a ventilation
system to capture and exhaust fumes and vapors at the work station.
2. Duct systems. A. Materials. Materials for ducts shall comply 'with the
Mechanical Code.
B. Reactives. Two or more operations shall not be connected to the same
exhaust system when either one or the combination of the substances removed
may constitute a fire, explosion or chemical reaction hazard within the duct
system.
C. Penetrations. Exhaust duct systems penetrating occupancy separations
shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent fire -resistive construction. Ducts shall
not penetrate area separation walls. Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust
ducts.
D. Sprinkler requirement. All exhaust ducts shall be internally spfinkler6d
whenall of the following conditions Apply:
1. When the largest cross -sectional diameter is equal to or greater than 10
inches.
2. The ducts are within the building.
3. The ducts are conveying gases or -vapors in a flammable range.
Combustible nonmetallic ducts whose largest cro*ss-sectional diameter is equal
to or greater than 10 inches shall be internally sprinklered.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Ducts listed for nohsprinklered applications.
i Ducts not more than 12 feet in length installed below ceiling level.
156
1988 EDITION 51.106
3. Ventilation power and controls --emergency power. The exhaust ventila-
tion system shall have an emergency source of power. The emergency power shall
be designed and installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.
The emergency power may operate the exhaust system at not less than half fan
speed when it is demonstrated that the level of exhaust will maintain a safe
atmosphere.
(d) Fire -protection Requirements. Sprinkler coverage of the horizontal sur-
face at any work station shall not be obstructed. There shall be a sprinkler installed
within the exhaust duct connection of work stations of combustible construction.
The sprinkler shall be located not more than 4 feet from the point of duct
connection to the work station. The sprinkler and connecting piping to the duct
shall be coated with approved materials to prevent corrosion, when necessary.
The sprinkler shall be accessible for periodic inspection. The design of the
sprinkler system in the area shall take into consideration the spray pattern and the
effect on the equipment.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Approved alternate fire -extinguishing systems may be used.
Activation of such systems shall deactivate the related processing equipment.
2. Process equipment which operates at temperatures exceeding 500'C. and
which is provided with automatic shutdown capabilities for HPM.
3. Exhaust ducts 10 inches or less in diameter from flammable gas storage
cabinets that are part of the work station.
(e) Electrical Requirements. Electrical equipment and devices within 5 feet of
work stations in which flammable liquids or gases are used shall comply with the
requirements of the Electrical Code for Class 1, Division 2 hazardous locations.
Work stations shall not be energized without adequate exhaust ventilation.
EXCEPTION: The requirements for Class 1, Division 2 locatioas shall not apply
when the air removal from the work station or dilution will provide nonflammable
atmospheres on a continuous basis.
(f) Special Provisions. 1. Chemical drainage and containment. Each work
station utilizing hazardous production material liquids shall have:
A. Drainage piping systems connected to a compatible system for disposition
of said liquids.
B . The work surface provided with slope or other means for directing any
spilled materials to the containment or drainage system.
C. An approved means of containing or directing any spilled or leaked liquids
to the drainage system.
2. Identification. All systems utilized in hazardous materials supply and
drainage shall be identified. Labels shall be affixed so as to be conspicuously
visible at all times.
3. Shutoff valves. Readily accessible shutoff valves for HPM supply piping
shall be provided at the work station and as provided in Section 51.108 (d), Item
No. 1.
4. Protection of containers from damage. All hazardous material containers
located in or connected to a work station shall be protected from damage and shall
not project from the work station.
157
51.106-51.107 ' UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ft
5. Work station clearances. Work stations involving hazardous material shall
be provided with horizontal servicing clearances of not less than 3 feet for
electrical equipment, gas cylinder connections and similar hazardous conditions.
These clearances apply only to normal operational procedures and not to repair or
maintenance -related work.
Storage and Dispensing of Hazardous Production Materials Within
Fabrication Areas
Sec. 51.107. (a) General. The storage of HPM liquids, gases and solids shall
be within fully enclosed storage cabinets or within a work station. See Section
79.201 (g) 4.
Separate cabinets shall be provided for each class of hazardous material.
Flammables, acids, bases, oxidizers, toxics and other incompatible materials
shall not be stored within the same cabinet. Inert materials may be intermingled
with other materials.
(b) Cabinet Construction. Storage cabinets shall be of approved construction
and if metal shall be of not less than 0.0478-inch (18 gage) steel. Doors to cabinets
shall be self -closing and latching.
Electrical equipment and devices within cabinets used for the storage of hazard-
ous gases or liquids shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Electrical
Code.
(c) Special Requirements for HPM Gases. 1. General. In addition to other
requirements of this section, cabinets used for the containment of HPM gases
shall comply with this subsection. Storage cabinets containing HPM gases shall
be internally sprinklered.
EXCEFFION: Sprinklers shall not be required in gas cabinets that are located
within an HPM storage room other than those used to contain pyrophoric gases.
Self -closing limited -access ports shall be installed on gas cabinets to give
access to equipment controls.
2. Gas detection. Storage cabinets for hazardous gases shall be provided with a
continuous gas -monitoring system in accordance with Section 51.105 (e) 3
whether dispensing occurs or not. Activation of the monitoring system shall
automatically shut the valves on all HPM gas lines from the cabinets and initiate
an alarm to the emergency control system.
3. Ventilation. Storage cabinets shall be ventilated. When the cabinet contains
toxic gases, the average velocity of ventilation at the face of access ports shall be
not less than 200 feet per minute (fpm) with a minimum of 150 fpm at any point of
the access port.
Gas storage cabinets shall be operated at a negative pressure in relation to the
surrounding area. The storage cabinet ventilation system shall comply with
Section 51.106 (c) 2 and 3 and may be connected to a work station ventilation
system.
4. Excess flow control. Excess flow control valves shall be installed when
required by Section 51.105 (e) 1.
158
1988 EDITION 51.108
Handling of Hazardous Production Materials Within Exit Corridors
Sec. 51.108. (a) New Buildings. In new buildings, hazardous production
materials shall not be permitted within an exit corridor.
(b) In Existing Buildings. When there are alterations or modifications to
existing fabrication areas, the chief may permit the transportation of hazardous
production materials in exit corridors that comply with Chapter 9 of the Building
Code, subject to all of the following subsections.
1. Containers. All containers, tanks, drums or other means of transporting the
materials shall be an approved type.
Liquids in quantities not exceeding 5 gallons may be transported in individual
original containers of that size. When more than two such containers are trans-
ported within a corridor, they shall be in an approved cart. Glass containers shall
not be used except where contamination is a factor. Glass containers shall not
exceed I gallon in size.
2. Carts and trucks. Transporting carts and trucks of an approved design that
complies with Subsection (c) of this section shall be used for transportation of
HPM.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Two �IPM liquid containers each not exceeding 5 gallons
may be hand carried in acceptable safety carriers. Single drums not exceeding 55
gallons may be transported by suitable drum trucks.
2. Cylinders of HPM gases may be transported by acceptable gas cylinder hand
trucks. Cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds may be hand carried.
3. Solid HPM not exceeding 100 pounds may be transported by acceptable hand
trucks. A single container not exceeding 50 pounds may be hand carried.
HPM gas cylinders in transit shall have their valves capped or plugged with an
approved closure device in addition to having their protective cylinder caps in
place. Cylinders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually restrained.
HPM shall not be dispensed in exit corridors nor shall carts or trucks be stored
unattended while they are within exit corridors.
3. HPM Pass-throughs in Exit Corridors. When pass-throughs are provided,
self -closing doors having a fire protection rating of not less than one hour shall be
installed between the pass -through and the existing exit corridor. The, pass -
through shall be fully enclosed with wall protection as required for the exit
corridor. Pass-throughs shall be sprinklered.
4. Emergency alarm. There shall be an emergency telephone system or a local
alarm manual pull station or an approved signaling device at not more than 150-
foot intervals or fraction thereof and at each exit stair doorway. The signal shall be
relayed to the emergency control station and a local signaling device shall be
provided.
5. Sprinklers. Sprinkler protection shall be designed in accordance with
U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 as designed for ordinary hazard Group 3. When the
design area of the sprinkler system consists of one row of sprink ' lers in the
corridor, the maximum number of sprinklers that need be calculated is 13.
(c) Cart and Truck Design. 1. General. Carts and trucks shall be designed to
159
51.108-51.109 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means
of restraining containers against accidental dislodgement. Carts and trucks shall
be provided with a device which will enable the operator to safely control
movement by providing stops or speed reduction devices. Power carts and trucks
shall be approved for Class 1, Division I or Class 1, Division 2 hazardous
locations. Internal combustion engines shall not be used.
2. Liquid transporters. Construction materials for HPM carts or trucks
utilized for HPM flammable or combustible liquids shall be not less than 0.0478-
inch (18 gage) steel or approved materials having a Class I flame -spread rating.
EXCEPTION: Materials utilized for casters, gaskets, trim and drains.
HPM liquid carts and trucks shall be designed so that the contents to be
transported will be fully enclosed. They shall be capable of containing a spill from
the largest single container transported with a maximum individual container size
of 5 gallons.
3. Size. Neither the length nor width of a cart shall exceed 48 inches nor one-
half the width of existing exit corridors, whichever is more restrictive. The
capacity of carts and trucks used for transportation of HPM shall not exceed:
liquids-55 gallons, gases-7 cylinders (up to 400 pounds each), solids-500
pounds.
4. Identification. Carts and trucks shall bear a marking indicating the contents
therein. Noncompatible materials shall not be transported on the same cart or
truck.
(d) Piping. When the hazardous production material is transported in piping
placed within the space defined by the walls of the exit corridor and thefloor or
roof above the exit corridor, all the following requirements shall* apply:
1. Shutoff valves. Readily accessible manual or automatic remotely activated
fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be provided as follows:
A. At the entry of the piping system into the exit corridor.
B. At the branch piping connection into the fab area. The valves shall be
identified and the location shall be clearly visible.
2. Excess flow control. Excess flow control shall be provided as set forth in
Section 51.105 (e) 1.
3. Gas detection. Gas detectors shall be installed as set forth in Section 51.105
(e) 3.
4. Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment located in the piping space shall
be approved for Class 1, Division 2 hazardous locations.
Handling of Hazardous Production Materials Within
Service Corridors
Sec. 51.109. (a) nansportation Criteria. A service corridor shall be pro-
vided when necessary to transport HPM to and from an HPM storage room, or
from the outside of the building, to the perimeter wall of the fabrication area. It
shall not be used as a required exit corridor. Service corridors used for the
transport of HPM shall meet the following requirements:
160
1988 EDrriON 51.109-51.110
1 . -All containers shall comply with Section 51.109 (b) 1.
2. The minimum clear width of the service corridor shall be 5 feet.
EXCEPTION: When carts or trucks are used, the minimum width shall be 33
inches wider than the widest cart or truck.
3. The maximum quantities of HPM that may be transported in a service
corridor at one time may be two times that set forth in Section 51.108 (c).
4. There shall be a local manual alarm station or other approved signal device
in the service corridor. See Section 5 1. 109 (b) 3.
Additional alarm devices may be required by the inspection authority.
5. -Sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with, Section 51.108 (6) 4.
(b) Prohibited Procedures. HPM shall not be dispensed in a service corridor.
(c) Construction Requirements. See Building Code.
(d) Exits. See Building Code.
(e) Piping. See Section 5 1. M (e).
Storage of Hazardous Production Materials
Sec. 51.110. ' (a) Outside Storage. 1. General. General storage of hazardous
production materials outside the building shall comply with the separation,
construction and fire safety requirements of the Building Code and this code.*
2. Shutoffs in piping from outside storage. All HPM gaseous supply piping
from the outside storage shall be provided with excess flow control in accordance
with Section 51.105 (e) 1.
A manual emergency shutoff valve located outside the building shall be in-
stalled on each HPM supply pipe from outside storage. The valve shall be
identified, readily accessible, and its location clearly visible.
1 3. Special provisions. Outside storage of HPM shall be safeguarded from
public access. See Section 80.103.
(b) Storage of Hazardous Production Materials -Within Buildings. 1. Con-
strudion. Storage of HPM in excess of the quantities in Table No. 9-A or 9-B of
the Building Code shall be in a room complying with the requirements of the
Building Code for an inside liquid room or in an HPM storage room. Such HPM
storage room shall not exceed 6000 square feet in area and shall be separated from
all other areas by not less than a two-hour occupancy separation when the area
exceeds 300 square feet. The occupancy separation shall be not less than one -hour
fire -resistive construction when the area does not exceed 300 square feet. Except
for approved combustible surfacing, floors of storagerooms shall be noncombus-
tible with liquid-tighi construction. See Section 911 (e) of the Building Code.
When HPM storage rooms are used for dispensing of Class I or 11 flammable
hazardous production material liquids or gases, the area of the HPM storage tooth
shall not exceed 1000 square feet.
2. Location within building. The HPM storage room shall be located on the
outer perimeter of the building and its exterior wall shall be a minimum of 30 feet
from the property line. Explosion venting shall be provided when an explosive
environment can occur.
161
51.110 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3. Separation requirements within storage rooms. Flammables, corrosives,
oxidizers, water-reactives, solids and liquids within a storage room shall be
separated from each other in accordance with Table No. 5 1. 11 O-A.
When Table No. 5 1. 1 10-A permits a noncombustible partition between classes
of HPM, the classes may be in the same room. '
Water -reactive HPM shall be in separate rooms from flammable or combustible
liquids. The separation may be nonfire-rated.
Toxics shall be separated as set forth in Table No. 5 1. 11 O-A with an occupancy
separation having a fire -resistive rating of not less than one hour.
HPM gas shall be separated from HPM liquids and solids by at least a one -hour
fire -resistive occupancy separation. See Table No. 5 1. 1 10-A for classes of gases
required to be separated.
4. Determining quantities in HPM storage room. The quantity of hazardous
production material within each HPM storage room shall not exceed the amounts
permitted by this code. For HPM oxidizers, see Tables Nos. 5 1. 1 10-B through
5 1. 1 10-E. Highly toxic liquids shall be counted as flammable liquids. Corrosive
liquids shall be counted as Class 3 flammable liquids. Highly toxic solids shall be
counted as flammable solids.
The quantities of hazardous production material gases shall not exceed the
following:
Oxidizers 20,000 cubic feet
Corrosives 30,000 cubic feet
Flammables 15,000 cubic feet
Taxics Toxic gas quantities shall be count-
ed as flammable gases
5. Ventilation requirements. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with
Section 51.105 (d) 1.
6. Emergency alarm. A local fire alarm manual pull station or approved signal
device shall be installed outside of each interior exit door with a signal relayed to
the emergency control station and a local alarm provided.
7. Special provisi us. A. Drainage. All HPM storage rooms for hazardous
'on
production material liquids shall have drainage facilities that comply with the
requirements of Section 79.804, Item No. 7, of this code. Hazardous production
material flammable liquid drains shall be separated fro M* other hazardous produc-
tion material liquid drains. Other hazardous production material liquids in drains
that are not compatible shall be separated from each other, provided that they may
be combined when they have been rendered acceptable for discharge by an
approved means into the public sewers.
B. Sills. Liquid HPM storage rooms and subdivisions therein shall have liquid -
tight wall -to -floor intersections and noncombustible sills at least 4 inches in
height at all door openings.
162
Section 51.110(b)4, page 162. Change the reference from Table
No. 51.110-E to Table No. 51.110-0.
Table No. 51.110-E page 165. Delete.
162.1
L7
1988 EDITION 51.110,51.110-A
An open -grated noncombustible trench on the inside of the room, extending at
least I foot past the edge of the door opening, may be used in lieu of a sill. The
trench shall connect to an approved drain in accordance with Subsection A above.
C. Gas detection. Gas detection systems shall be provided as set forth in
Section 51.105 (e) 3.
8. Electrical requirements. Electrical wiring and equipment located in HPM
storage rooms shall be approved for Class 1, Division I hazardous locations, in
addition to any other requirements of the Electrical Code.
EXCEPTION: When separate storage rooms are used, the storage rooms with-
out flammable liquids or gases need not be approved for Class I, Division I
hazardous locations.
9. Special hazards. Energy -consuming equipment shall comply with Section
908 of the Building Code and Subsection 8 above.
TABLE NO. 51.11 O-A
MATERIAL SEPARATION'
MINIMUM SEPARATION FROM
FLAM.
Ox1_
WATER.
PYRO-
TOXICS
ACIDS
BASES
MABLES
OIZERS
REACTIVE
PHORIC
Toxics
I hr.
I hr.
I hr.
I hr.
I hr.
I hr
Acids
I hr.
S
S2
S
S
S2
Bases
I hr.
S
S
S
S
S
Flammables
I hr.
S2
S
S
S
Oxidizers
I hr.
S
S
S
S
S2
Water -reactive
I hr.
S
S
S
S
Pyrophoric
I hr.
I S2
S
I S
I S2
I S
'For separation of hazardous production material gases from hazardous production liquids
and solids, see Section 5 1. 110 (b) 3.
2Separation by not less than 20 feet may be used as alternative to noncombustible partition.
Notes:
S = Noncombustible partition. The partition shall extend not less than 18 inches above
and to front and rear of stored material.
I hr. = One -hour noncombustible fire-resistivc occupancy separation, except when ap-
proved gas cabinets are used.
= Not allowed; a separate storage room is required.
163
r
51.110-13, 51.11 0-d, 51.11 O-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO. 51.110-B
STORAGE OF CLASS I OXIDIZERS IN COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERS'
COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERS2 I HPM STORAGE ROOM I
Piles
Length (feet)
No limit
Width (feet)
50
Height (feet)
20
Distance to next pile (feet)
3 -
Distance to walls (feet)
2
Quantity limit per building (tons)
No limit
'Class I oxidizers are materials whose primary hazard is that they may increase the burning
rate of combustible material with which they come in contact.
2CIass I oxidizers in storage in noncombustible containers or in bulk in noncombustible
buildings are not limited as to quantity or size of piles.
TABLE NO. 51.110-C
STORAGE OF CLASS 2 OXIDIZERS IN CONTAINERS'
INSIDE
STORAGE ROOM
HPM
STORAGE ROOM
Building limit (tons)
200
2,000
Pile limit (tons)
20
100
Height limit (feet)
10
12
Distance to next pile (feet)
Footnote 2
Footnote 2
Distance to incompatible storage (feet)
12
Distance to wall (feet)
1 2
1 2 1
'Class 2 oxidizers are materials that can cause spontaneous ignition when in contact with
combustible materials.
2Aisle width to equal pile height.
TABLE NO. 51.110-D
STORAGE OF CLASS 3 OXIDIZERS IN CONTAINERS'
INSIDE
STORAGE ROOM
. HPM
STORAGE ROOM
Building limit (tons)
100
1,200
Pile limit (tons) -
20
60
Height limit. (feet)
8
10
Distance to next pile (feet)
Footnote 2
Footnote 2
Distance to incompatible storage (feet)
10
Not applicable
Distance to wall (feet)
4
4
'Class 3 oxidizers are materials that can undergo vigorous self -sustained decomposition
when catalyzed or exposed to heat.
2Aisle width to equal pile height.
164
1988 EDITION 51.11 O-E, 51.111
TABLE NO. 51.11 O-E
STORAGE OF CLASS 4 OXIDIZERS IN DRUMS, CONTAINERS AND CASES'
Piles
Length (feet)
10
Width (feet)
4
Height (feet)
8
Distance to next pile (feet)
8
itity limit per building (tons)
No limit
'Class 4 oxidizers are materials that can undergo an explosive reaction when catalyzed or
exposed to heat, shock or friction.
Emergency Plan
Sec. 51.111. (a) Plans and Diagrams. Plans and diagrams shall be maintained
in approved locations indicating the approximate plan for each area, the amount
and type of HPM stored, handled and used, locations of shutoff valves for HPM
supply piping, emergency telephone locations and locations of exits.
(b) Plan Updating. Plans and diagrams shall be maintained up-to-date and the
fire department shall be informed of all major changes.
(c) Emergency Response lbam. Responsible persons shall be designated the
on -site emergency response team and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire
department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emer-
gency responses, identifying locations where HPM is stored, handled and used,
and be familiar with the chemical nature of such material. An adequate number of
personnel for each work shift shall be designated.
(d) Emergency Drills. Emergency drills of the on -site emergency response
team shall be conducted on a regular basis but not less than once every three
months. Records of drills conducted shall be maintained.
166
61.101-61.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
.P.A. R T VI
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
ARTICLE 61
OIL -BURNING EQUIPMENT
Scope
See. 61.101. This article applies to oil -burning equipment except internal
combustion engines, oil lamps and portable devices such as blow torches, melting
pots and weed burners..
Use of Approved Equipment
Sec. 61.102. Oil -burning equipment shall be of an approved type.
Design, Construction and Installation
See. 61.103. The design, construction and installation of oil -burning equip-
ment shall be in accordance with the Mechanical Code.
Electrical Wiring and Equipment
Sec. 61.104. Electrical wiring and equipment used in connection with oil -
burning equipment shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the
Electrical Code.
Fuel Oil
Sec. 61.105. The fuel oil used in a burner shall be that for which the burner is
approved and as stipulated by the manufacturer.
Portable Unvented 011-burning Heating Appliances
Sec. 61.106. (a) General. The design, construction and use of portable un-
vented oil -burning heating appliances shall comply with the provisions of this
section and all applicable provisions of this code.
(b) Approved Equipment. All portable unvented oil -burning heating appli-
0
ances shall be listed and limited to a fuel tank capacity of not more than 2 gallons.
EXCEPTION: Appliances approved for temporary use during construction
processes may have a greater fuel tank capacity, provided such capacity does not
exceed the terms of the listing of the appliance.
(c) Where Permitted. The use of listed portable unvented oil -burning heating
appliances shall be limited to supplemental heating in Groups B and M Occupan-
cies.
EXCEPTION: Upon approval of the chief, portable unvented oil-buming heat-
ing appliances may be permitted in any occupancy during the construction process
when such use is necessary for the construction and the use does not represent a
hazard to life or property.
(d) Fuel. The grade and type of fuel shall be limited to that for which the
appliance is listed to operate. All storage and handling of fuel shall be in accord-
ance with the provisions of Article 79 of this code.
166
1988 EDITION 62.101-62.103
ARTICLE 62
INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING OVENS
Scope
Sec. 62.101.This article shall apply to the location, construction and operation
of industrial baking and drying ovens which are heated with oil or gas fuel or
which during operation contain flammable vapors from the products being baked
or dried. It is the intent of this article to provide requirements for the operation of
these ovens within certain limitations of control depending on oven design, paint
formulation and ventilation requirements, the disregard of which may cause them
to function in an unsafe manner, thereby becoming liable to destruction by fire or
explosion. In addition to the requirements of this article, all industrial baking and
drying ovens shall comply with the applicable provisions of U.FC. Standard No.
62-1.
Permits and Plans Required
Sec. 62.102. (a) For a permit to operate an oven to which this code applies, see
Section 4.108.
(b) Application for a permit shall be accompanied by plans showing all essen-
tial details and calculations for safe operation.
Location and Construction
Sec. 62.103. (a) Ovens, oven heaters and related equipment shall be located
with due regard to the possibility of fire resulting from overheating or from the
escape of fuel gas or fuel oil and the possibility of damage to the building and
injury to persons resulting ftom explosion.
(b) Ovens shall be located at or above grade, or, if in basements, at least 50
percent of the wall area of the room in which the oven is located shall be above
grade.
(c) Ovens shall be so located as to be readily accessible for inspection and
maintenance and with adequate clearances to permit the proper functioning of
explosion vents. Roofs and floors of ovens shall be sufficiently insulated and
ventilated to keep temperatures at combustible ceilings and floors below 160'F.
(d) Ovens shall be constructed of noncombustible materials throughout except
where the maximum oven -operating temperature is not over 160'F The amount of
insulation used in oven panel construction shall be enough to prevent the outside
surface temperature from exceeding 160*E, or adequate guards shall be provided
to protect personnel.
(e) Ovens which may contain flammable air -gas mixtures shall be equipped
with relief vents for freely relieving internal explosion pressures.
(f) All duct work shall be constructed of noncombustible material. Ducts shall
be made tight throughout and shall have no openings other than those required for
the proper operation and maintenance of the system. Ducts passing through
combustible walls, floors or roofs shall have adequate insulation and clearances to
167
62.103-62.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
prevent surface temperatures from exceeding 160'E Exhaust ducts shall not
discharge near doors, windows or other air intakes in a manner that will permit
reentry of vapors into the building.
Ventilation
Sec. 62.104. (a) Ovens in which flammable or toxic vapors are liberated or
through which products of combustion are circulated shall be ventilated by the
introduction of a supply of fresh air and proper exhaust to outdoors. Discharge
pipes shall not terminate within 10 feet measured horizontally from any door,
window or wood frame walls of any building. Such oven ventilation shall be
arranged to provide vigorous and well -distributed air circulation within the oven
and to ensure that the flammable vapor concentration will be safely below the
lower explosive limit at all times. Unless the oven is operated in accordance with
specific approval specifying particular solvents and rate of ventilation, the rate of
ventilation shall be not less than 10,000 cubic feet of fresh air per gallon of solvent
evaporated in continuous process ovens and not less than 380 cubic feet per
minute per gallon of flammable solvent evaporated in batch process ovens.
(b) Exhaust duct openings shall be located in the area of greatest concentration
of vapors..
(c) All exhaust shall be by mechanical means using power -driven fans.
Safety Controls
See. 62.105. (a) Safety controls, as specified in U.FC. Standard No. 62-1,
shall be sufficient in number and substantially constructed and arranged to
maintain the required conditions of safety and prevent the development of fire and
explosion hazards.
(b) Ventilation controls, suitably interlocked, shall be provided which will
ensure required ventilation of the system.
(c) Fuel safety controls, suitably interlocked and arranged to minimize the
possibility of dangerous accumulations of explosive* air -fuel mixtures in the
heating system, shall be provided.
(d) Excess temperature controls shall be provided to maintain a safe operating
temperature within the oven.
(e) Conveyor interlocks shall be provided in conveyor ovens having a flamma-
ble vapor hazard, so that the conveyor cannot move unless ventilating fans are
operating and discharging the required amount of air.
168
1988 EDITION 63.101-63.102
ARTICLE 63
MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION
Scope
Sec. 63.10i. This article applies only to those refrigeration units or systems
described herein which require a permit.
Classifications
Sec. 63.102. Classification of some of the most common refrigerants:
(a) Group 1
(1)
Carbon Dioxide (R-744)
(2)
Monochlorodifluoromethane (R-22)
(3)
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) (R-500)
(4)
Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21)
(5)
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R- 114)
(6)
Trichlorofluoromethane (R- 11)
(7)
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) (R-30)
(8)
Trifluorotrichloroethane (R- I 13)
(9)
Chlorotrifluoromethane (R-13)
(10)
Bromotrifluoromethane (R- 13 B 1)
(11)
Tetrafluoromethane (R- 14)
(12)
Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) (R-502)
(13)
Chloropentafluoroethane (R- 115)
(14)
Octafluorocyclobutane (R-C 318)
(b) Group 2
(1)
Amrnonia(R-70)
(2)
Dichloroethylene (R- 1130)
(3)
Nlethylchloride (R-40)
(4)
Methyl Formate (R-61 1)
(5)
Sulfur Dioxide (R-764)
(c) Group 3
(1) Butane (R-764)
(2) Ethane (R- 170)
(3) Propane (R-290)
(4) Ethylene (R- 150)
(5) Isobutane (R-601)
This listing of refrigerants includes those most commonly used. Additional
refrigerant information may be obtained from the National Fire Protection Asso-
ciation and the American National Standards Institute. This article/does not
address the subjpct of toxicity of refrigerants.
169
2z
63.103-63.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Permits
Sec.63.163.For a permit to install or operate a mechanical refrigeration unit or
system,see Section 4.108.
Installation and Maintenance
Sec.63.104.All new mechanical refrigeration systems shall be installed and all
existing installations shall be maintained in a safe manner which will minimize the
life,health and fire hazard of the installation.Installation shall be in accordance
with the provisions of the Mechanical Code,as applicable.
All refrigeration systems, new or existing, shall be safely maintained in an
operative condition,free from accumulations of oil,dirt,waste,excessive corro-
sion,any other debris or leaks.
Access
Sec.63.105.Refrigeration systems shall be easily accessible at all times.
Instructions
Sec.63.106.The person in charge of any premises on which a refrigeration unit
or system is installed requiring a permit as described in Section 4.108 shall
provide in an approved manner a card designating:
1. Instructions for suspending operation of the system in the event of an
emergency.
2. The name,address and emergency telephone numbers to obtain emergency
service.
3. The name, address and telephone number of the fire department having
jurisdiction with instructions to notify that fire department in the event of
an emergency.
4. The location and the operation of the emergency diffusion system when
required by this article.
Emergency Signs and Labels
Sec.63.107.The person in charge of any premises on which a refrigeration unit
or system is installed requiring a permii by Section 4.108 shall provide in an
approved manner emergency signs and labels as described in the Uniform
Mechanical Code.
Diffusion Systems
Sec. 63.108. (a) Emergency Ammonia Diffusion Systems. 1. General.
Ammonia refrigeration systems shall be provided with an approved system for
promptly and safely removing the ammonia refrigerant in the event of an emer-
gency. Such emergency systems shall discharge into an approved water storage
tank,water basin or diffuser having a capacity of 2 gallons of water for each pound
of ammonia.
2.Tanks and basins.Storage tanks and basins shall meet the requirements set
forth by the fire chief.
170
1988 EDITION 63.108
3.Water supply and discharge system.Diffusers shall be provided with the
following approved components:
(i) Connection to a permanent water supply.
(ii) A fire department inlet hose connection adjacent to the control box.
(iii) Engineered mixing chamber.
(iv) Connection to a permanent sewer or drainage system by means of welded
or flanged fittings.
(v) Necessary control valves,check valves,fittings.
4.Discharge line.Diffusers shall be provided with a discharge line above the
liquid refrigerant level on all operating pressure levels of the system. These
discharge lines shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than the total cross-
sectional area of the high pressure receiver emergency pressure-relief device but
not less than 1-inch-diameter pipe.There shall not be any shutoff devices of any
type in the discharge line between the vessel being relieved and the control box.
5. Control valves. Control valves for diffusers shall be housed within an
emergency refrigerant control box.
(i) Each such control box shall be located outside of the building on a street
front or shall be equally accessible and shall be not more than 6 feet above
the sidewalk or adjoining ground level. All valves shall be adequately
identified as to the procedure to be followed sequentially in the event of an
emergency.
(ii) Each such control box shall be of iron or steel not less than 0.0598-inch
thickness and provided with a hinged cover and lock.
(iii) Each such control box shall be provided with a permanent label on the
outside cover reading FIRE DEPARTMENT—EMERGENCY REFRIG-
ERANT CONTROL BOX and the name of the refrigerant in the system.
(iv) Emergency switches for deactivation of the system compressors shall be
provided within the emergency control box.
6. Size of receiving system.The discharge of the diffusion system shall not
exceed the capacity of the receiving system.
7.Testing.Every diffusion system shall be tested,as required by the fire chief,
prior to being accepted.
8. Notification of activation. The chief shall be notified immediately if the
activation of an ammonia diffusion system is considered imminent or if the system
activation has occurred,either automatically or manually.
9. Approval.Every emergency ammonia diffusion system shall be approved
by the fire chief.
(b) Other types. Diffusion systems for other type refrigerants shall be in-
stalled when deemed necessary by the fire chief.
171
74.101-74.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
PART VII
SPECIAL SUBJECTS
ARTICLE 74
COMPRESSED GASES
Division I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Scope
Sec. 74.101. This division applies to oxygen systems and to the storage,
handling and use of compressed gases. Liquefied petroleum gases which are
covered in Article 82 are exempt from these provisions.See Articles 49,75 and
80 for related provisions.
Wherever the term"oxygen"occurs in this article,the requirements shall also
apply to systems for nitrous oxide.
Definitions
Sec. 74.102. For definitions of BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM and COM-
PRESSED GAS,see Article 9.
Permits
Sec.74.103.For a permit to store,handle or use flammable compressed gas or
nonflammable compressed gas,see Section 4.108.
Storage Containers
Sec.74.104.Cylinders shall be designed,constructed,tested and maintained
in accordance with U.S.Department of Transportation(DOT)specifications and
regulations. Other type pressure vessels and cylinders shall be designed, con-
structed, tested and maintained in accordance with nationally recognized good
practice.
Each cylinder,pressure vessel or group of containers shall be marked with the
name of the gas contained in accordance with nationally recognized good prac-
tice.
Cylinder Systems for Compressed Gases
Sec.74.105. Cylinders containing flammable and nonflammable gases shall
be stored, handled and used in accordance with nationally recognized good
practice.
Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites
Sec.74.106.Bulk oxygen systems located at industrial and institutional con-
sumer sites shall be installed in accordance with U.F.C.Standard No.74-1.
172
1988 EDITION 74.107-74.204
Storage and Use of Cylinders
Sec.74.107.(a)General.All compressed gas cylinders in service or in storage
shall be adequately secured to prevent falling or being knocked over.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Compressed gas cylinders in the process of examination,
servicing and refilling are exempt from this section.
2. Medical gas cylinders may be stored and used in the horizontal position in
accordance with nationally recognized standards.
At cylinder filling plant operations and sellers' warehouses, the nesting of
tightly stacked cylinders is considered an equivalent safe method of storage.
(b)Nitrous Oxide.Nitrous oxide cylinders shall be stored in a secured area.
General Safety Regulations
Sec.74.108.Legible operating instructions shall be maintained at the operat-
ing location for any installation that requires any operation of equipment by user.
Smoking shall be prohibited in or around supply system enclosures. "NO
SMOKING—OXYGEN"or similar warning signs shall be posted in the enclo-
sure.
Division II
MEDICAL
Scope
Sec.74.201.This division shall apply to flammable anesthetic and nonflam-
mable medical gases at hospitals or similar facilities and to fixed installations of
nonflammable medical gases intended for sedation wherein the patient is not
rendered unconscious, such as, but not limited to, analgesia systems used for
dentistry,podiatry,veterinary and such other similar uses.
Definitions
Sec.74.202.For definitions of CENTRAL SUPPLY,D.I.S.S. DIAMETER-
INDEX SAFETY SYSTEM,FLAMMABLE ANESTHETIC,NONFLAMMA-
BLE MEDICAL GAS and PIPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM,see Article 9.
Cylinder Storage,Handling and Use
Sec.74.203.Cylinders containing flammable anesthetics and nonflammable
medical gases in facilities within the scope of this division shall be stored,handled
and used in accordance with nationally recognized good practice.
Nonflammable Medical Gas System
Sec.74.204.(a)Location.When nonflammable supply cylinders for medical
gas systems are located inside buildings they shall be in a separate room or
enclosure separated from the rest of the building by not less than one-hour fire-
resistive construction. Doors to the room or enclosure shall be self-closing = ��
smoke- and draft-control assemblies having a fire-protection rating of not less = ��
than one hour.Rooms shall have at least one exterior wall in which there are not = "g
173 `
74.204 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
less than two vents of not less than 36 square inches in area. One vent shall be
within 6 inches of the floor and one shall be within 6 inches of the ceiling.
EXCEPTION: When an exterior wall cannot be provided for the room,auto-
matic sprinklers shall be installed within the room and the room shall be vented to the
€ exterior through ducting contained within a one-hour-rated shaft enclosure. Ap-
proved mechanical ventilation shall provide six air changes per hour for the room.
(b)Use Within and Security of Enclosures.Rooms or enclosures for storage
or use of nonflammable medical gases shall not be used for the storage of any
other materials. No electrical or gas apparatus other than an approved heating
device to keep the enclosure warm so the gases will flow shall be permitted
therein. Enclosures of supply systems shall be provided with doors or gates.
Locking devices shall conform to Section 3304(c)of the Building Code.
(c) Heating and Electrical Equipment in Enclosures. When enclosures
(interior or exterior)for supply systems are located near sources of heat,such as
furnaces, incinerators or boiler rooms, they shall be of construction so as to
protect cylinders from reaching temperatures exceeding 125°F. Open electrical
conductors and transformers shall not be located within 20 feet of openings of
enclosures. Such enclosures shall not be located within 25 feet of oil storage
tanks.
Ordinary electrical wall fixtures in supply rooms shall be installed in fixed
locations not less than 5 feet above the floor to avoid physical damage.
(d)Manifolds.Manifolds shall be of substantial construction and of a design
and material suitable for the service pressure involved.Mechanical means shall be
provided to assure the connection of cylinders containing the proper gas to the
manifold.Cylinder outlets shall comply with nationally recognized standards.
(e)Hose and Fittings.All flexible hose and D.I.S.S.fittings used to connect
the pressure regulator to the fixed piping on the low-pressure side and also used to
connect the dispensing unit to the outlet stations shall be of a type approved by the
fire chief;the hose and fittings shall have a bursting pressure of not less than four
times the maximum working pressure.The hose shall be a maximum length of 5
feet and shall not penetrate walls,floors,etc.
(f)Connections to Regulators,Manifold or Piping. Threaded connections
between the regulator and either the low-pressure manifold or piping system shall
be noninterchangeable connections complying with nationally recognized
standards.
(g) Sizing of Piping. The pipeline system shall be capable of delivering a
minimum of 50 psig to all outlets at the maximum flow rate.
(h)Pressure Regulators.Pressure-regulating equipment capable of maintain-
ing the minimum flow rate of the pipeline system shall be installed on each
cylinder upstream of the final pressure-relief valve as shown in Figure No. 1.
EXCEPTION:Systems using approved manifold-type installations.
(i) Check Valves. When acting as a reserve supply, a check valve shall be
installed between each cylinder lead and the manifold header as shown in Figure
174
1988 EDITION 74.204
No.2,or the system shall be supplied with an actuating switch which shall operate
an alarm when the reserve supply drops to one-day supply.
0)Shutoff Valves. A shutoff valve or check valve shall be installed down-
stream of each pressure regulator as shown in Figures Nos.2 and 3.
(k) Pressure-relief Valves. A pressure-relief valve set at 50 percent above
normal pipeline pressure shall be installed in the main line downstream of the
pressure-regulating valve as shown in Figures Nos. 1 and 4.All pressure-relief
valves shall close automatically when excess pressure has been released. Piping
relief valves shall be vented to the outside or a safe area. Pressure-relief valves
shall be of brass or bronze and especially designed for oxygen service.
Vent to Safe Location
Pressure-relief Valve—+
To Process Manifold Header
`Check Valve
Pressure Regulator Pressure
Regulator
FIGURE NO.1
175
74.204
Vent to Safe Location
4--Pressure-relief Valve
UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Manifold Header
To Process J� vo,�VV6V� �Shutoff Valves
- ',Check Valve
t
From Cylinder
FIGURE NO. 2
Vent to Safe Location
— Pressure -relief Valve
To - Process e"Manifold Header
Check Valve
From Cylinder
FIGURE NO. 3
176
1988 EDITION 74.204-74.205
Vent to Safe Location
.—Pressure-relief Valve
To Process
Check Valve I
Cylinder Connection
FIGURE NO.4
Pipe Distribution
Sec. 74.205. (a) General. Pipelines shall be constructed of materials in
accordance with nationally recognized standards.Soft-temper copper tubing used
as pipeline shall be continuously supported in exposed locations.Pipe sizes shall
be in conformity with good engineering practice for proper delivery of maximum
volume specified.Gas piping shall not be supported by other piping but shall be
supported with pipe hooks, metal pipe straps,bands or hangers suitable for the
size of pipe and of proper strength and quality at proper intervals so that piping
cannot be moved accidentally from the installed position,,as follows:
1/4-inch pipe or tubing 6 feet
3/8-inch pipe or tubing 6 feet
'h-inch pipe or tubing 6 feet
3/8-inch or 1-inch pipe or
tubing 8 feet
11/4-inch or larger(horizontal) 10 feet
1 1/4-inch or larger(vertical) Every floor level
(b)Copper and Brass Fittings.All fittings for connecting copper tubing shall
be wrought-copper,brass or bronze fittings made especially for solder or brazed
connection, except as provided in the paragraph below. Brass pipe shall be
assembled with screw-type brass fittings or with bronze or copper brazing-type
fittings.
Approved gas-tubing fittings may be used on gas-distribution lines when pipe
sizes are 1/2-inch nominal or less if the fitting is so installed as to be visible in the
177
74.205 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
room. Such fittings also may be used in connecting copper tubing of 3/4-inch
nominal or less to shutoff valves described in Section 74.206, provided the
fittings are readily accessible.
(c)Installation Underground and in Tunnels or Ducts.Buried piping shall
be protected against frost,corrosion and physical damage.Ducts or casings shall
be used whenever buried piping traverses a roadway, driveway, parking lot or
other areas subject to surface loads.Oxygen-gas piping may be placed in the same
tunnel, trench or duct with fuel-gas piping, electrical lines or steam lines, if
separated,provided there is natural or forced ventilation.Oxygen-gas piping shall
not be placed in a tunnel,trench or duct where exposure to oil may occur.
(d) Installation in Partitions or Concealed Spaces. Oxygen pipelines
installed incombustible partitions shall be protected against physical damage by
installation within pipe or conduit.Openings for pipelines installed in concealed
spaces shall be fire-stopped with construction having a fire resistance equal to or
greater than the original construction. Oxygen risers may be installed in pipe
shafts if suitable protection against physical damage,effects of excessive heat,
corrosion or contact with oil is provided. Oxygen risers shall not be located in
elevator shafts.
(e) Installation in Rooms. Oxygen pipelines installed in storage rooms for
combustible materials, kitchens, laundries or other hazardous areas shall be
protected by an enclosure that will prevent the liberation of oxygen within the
area.
(f)Physical Protection.Pipelines exposed to physical damage such as might
be sustained from the movement of portable equipment such as carts,stretchers or
trucks in corridors and other locations shall be provided with suitable protection.
(g) Identification of Piping. The gas content of pipelines shall be readily
identifiable by appropriate labeling with the name of the gas contained. Such
labeling shall be by means of metal tags, stenciling, stamping or with adhesive
markers in a manner that is not readily removable. Labeling shall appear on the
pipe at intervals of not more than 20 feet and at least once in each room and each
story traversed by the pipeline.The legend"shall be applied close to valves and
adjacent to changes in direction,branches,-and where pipes pass through walls or
floors.
Where supplementary color identification of piping is used, it shall be in
accordance with the gases and color indicated in nationally recognized standards.
(h)Use of Piping for Grounding.Piping systems for gases shall not be used as
a grounding electrode.
(i)Cleaning of Piping.Before erection,all piping,valves and fittings,except
those supplied especially prepared for oxygen service by the manufacturer and
received seated on the job, shall be thoroughly cleaned of oil,grease and other
readily oxidizable materials by washing in a hot solution of sodium carbonate or
trisodium phosphate (proportion of 1 pound to 3 gallons of water). The use of
organic solvents, for example, carbon tetrachloride, is prohibited. Scrubbing
shall be employed where necessary to ensure complete cleaning.After washing,
the material shall be rinsed thoroughly in clean hot water.After cleaning,particu-
178
1988 EDITION 74.205-74.206
lar care shall be exercised in the storage and handling of all pipe and fittings.Pipe
and fittings shall be temporarily capped or plugged to prevent recontamination
before final assembly.Tools used in cutting or reaming shall be kept free from oil
or grease. Where such contamination has occured, the items affected shall be
rewashed and rinsed.
All cleaned piping, valves and fittings shall be visually inspected prior to
installation.
0)Joints and Fittings.All joints in the piping,except those permitted to be
approved brass flared-type gas-tubing fittings and those at valves or at equipment
requiring screw connections, shall be made with silver brazing alloy or similar
high-melting-point (at least 1000°F.) brazing metal. Particular care shall be
exercized in applying the flux to avoid leaving any excess inside the completed
joints.'The outside of the tube and fittings shall be cleaned by washing with hot
water after assembly.
Threaded joints in piping systems shall be tinned or made up with poly-
tetrafluourethylene tape or other thread sealants suitable of oxygen service.
Sealants shall be applied to male threads only.'
(k)Purging.After installation of the piping but before installation of the outlet
valves;the line shall be blown clear by means of oil-free,dry air or nitrogen.
Shutoff Valves
Sec.74.206. (a)Enclosure and Identification. Shutoff valves accessible to
other than authorized personnel shall be installed in valve boxes with frangible or
removable windows large enough to permit manual operation,of valves and
labeled as follows: CAUTION—(NAME OF GAS)VALVE. DO NOT CLOSE
EXCEPT IN EMERGENCY.THIS VALVE CONTROLS SUPPLY TO . . .
(b)Where Required. 1.Main supply.The main oxygen supply line shall be
provided with a shutoff valve so located as to be accessible in an emergency.
EXCEPTION:When one or two cylinders,are used, the cylinder valve will
suffice as a shutoff valve.
2. Risers. Each riser supplied from the main line shall be provided with a
shutoff valve adjacent to the riser connection.
3. Between risers and outlets. Patient outlet stations shall not be supplied
directly from a riser unless a manual shutoff valve located in the same story is
installed between the riser and outlet with a corridor wall intervening between the
valve and the outlets.This valve shall be readily operable from a standing position
in the corridor on the same floor which it serves.Each lateral branch line serving
patient rooms shall be provided with a shutoff valve that controls the flow of
medical gas to the patient rooms.Branch line shutoff valves shall be so arranged
that shutting off the supply of medical gas to one branch will not affect the supply
of medical gas to the rest of the system. A pressure gauge shall be provided
downstream of each lateral branch line shutoff valve.
(c)Anesthetizing System.Anesthetizing locations shall be supplied directly
from the riser without intervening valves,except as provided in this section.
A shutoff valve shall be located outside or inside each anesthetizing location in
179
74.206-74.208 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
each medical gas line,so located as to be readily accessible at all times for use in
an emergency.These valves shall be so arranged that shutting off the supply of gas
to any one operating room or anesthetizing location will not affect the others.
Valves shall be mounted on a pedestal or otherwise properly safeguarded against
physical damage and marked to prohibit tampering or inadvertent closing,such as
"(NAME OF MEDICAL GAS}—DO NOT CLOSE."
EXCEPTION:The shutoff valve may be omitted when service valves for oxy-
gen,nitrous oxide and medical compressed air that is located within anesthetizing
locations are equipped with piping extending at least 6 feet horizontally to the outlet
location.
Station Outlets
Sec.74.207.(a)Shutoff.Each station outlet for oxygen shall be equipped with
either a manually operated or automatic shutoff valve and shall be legibly labeled
with the name of the gas.
(b)Connection to Valves.Manually operated valves shall be equipped with
noninterchangeable connections in accordance with nationally recognized
standards.
(c) Quick Couplers. Each station outlet equipped with a female end of an
approved quick coupler of the noninterchangeable type for oxygen service,and so
identified,shall be provided with an automatic shutoff valve incorporated in such
a manner that when the quick-coupler is removed from the pipeline for repair,the
flow of oxygen shall be shut off until the female end of the quick-coupler is
reattached.
EXCEPTION:Oxygen and nitrous oxide couplers and outlet connections shall
not be interchangeable.
Female ends of the quick-couplers of the noninterchangeable types may be
attached to the manually operated male end of the noninterchangeable station
shutoff valves for the same gas service.
(d) Oxygen Gages and Manometers. Pressure gages and manometers for
oxygen,including gages applied temporarily for testing purposes,shall be man-
ufactured expressly for that gas and labeled"OXYGEN—USE NO OIL."
Testing of Piping
Sec. 74.208. After installation of station outlet valves, each section of the
pipeline systems shall be subjected to a test pressure of one and one-half times the
maximum working pressure but not less than 150 psig with oil-free, dry air or
nitrogen.This test pressure shall be maintained until each joint has been examined
for leakage by means of soapy water or other equally effective means of leak
detection safe for use with oxygen.
A visual inspection of each brazed joint is recommended to make sure that the
alloy has flowed completely in and around the joint and that hardened flux has not
formed a temporary seal which holds test pressure. Remove all excess flux for
clear visual inspection of brazed connections.All leaks shall be repaired and the
section retested.
180
1988 EDITION 74.208-74.212
After completing the testing of each individual pipeline,the system shall be
subjected to a 24-hour standing pressure test at one and one-half times the
maximum working pressure but not less than 150 psig.The test gas shall be oil-
free,dry air or nitrogen.
After the pipeline systems are filled with test gas,the supply valve and all outlet
valves shall be closed and the source of test gas disconnected.The system shall
remain leak free for 24 hours.
Cross-connection Testing
Sec.74.209.To determine that no cross-connection to other pipeline systems
exists, reduce all systems to atmospheric pressure. Disconnect all sources of
testing from all of the systems,except the one system to be checked. Pressurize
this system with oil-free, dry air or nitrogen to a pressure of 50 psig and with
appropriate adaptors matching the outlets of the system to be tested. Determine
that the dry air or nitrogen is being dispensed from only the outlets of the system
under pressure. Reduce the system being tested to atmospheric pressure and
proceed to test each additional system.
Purging
Sec.74.210.When all medical gas-piping systems have been tested in accor-
dance with Sections 74.208 and 74.209, disconnect the source of the test and
connect the proper gas source of supply to each respective system.Following this
connection and pressurization,all outlets shall be opened in a progressive order,
starting nearest the source and completing the process of purge flushing at the
outlet farthest from each outlet until each system is completely purged.
Warning Systems
Sec. 74.211. Warning systems shall be installed, maintained and tested in
accordance with nationally recognized standards.
Fire Protection
Sec.74.212.Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10.
181
75.101-75.102,75.102-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 75
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
Division I
General
Scope
Sec.75.101.This article shall apply to the storage,handling and transportation
of cryogenic fluids as hereinafter defined.This article is not intended to include
liquefied petroleum gas as defined in this code.
Definitions
Sec. 75.102 (a) General. For the definitions of BELOWGROUND CON-
TAINER,CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,CRYOGENIC INGROUND CONTAINER,
CRYOGENIC VESSEL, FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, SAFETY
FACTOR and SYSTEM,see Article 9.
CONTAINER,as used in this article,is any cryogenic vessel whether used for
transportation,handling or storage.
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS shall be classified according to Table No.75.102-A.
LOW-TEMPERATURE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES are set
forth in Table No.75.102-B.
TABLE NO.75.102-A—CLASSIFICATION OF CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
CORROSIVE/
FLAMMABLE NONFLAMMABLE HIGHLYTOXIC OXIDIZER
Carbon Air Carbon Flourine
Monoxide Argon Monoxide Nitric Oxide
Deuteriuml Helium Flourine Oxygen
Ethylene Krypton Nitric Oxide
Hydrogen Neon
Methane Nitrogen
Xenon
tHeavy hydrogen is treated as hydrogen in this article.
182
i
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TABLE NO.75.102-B-LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES
NORURI RoIUNO rolNr TFVU POW OR
CRITICAL POINT OUTING Mom SPECIFIC NUT Us DENSITY
Uau SP O TO-F. p»-F.
UOIECOIY WWI we /4.7 rxn Rn/ I4.7 RfIA
NAMES FORMULA NEIONT Tpr•`F. L.M.R. Oftl/1.6lole TMF.-F. nu romp.-F. nIE MS.OWN)1°F.I u./C&FL
Air' 3 28.96 -317.9 54.56 25.56 7.0 0.07493
Argon' A 39.95 -302.6 86.98 2804 -197.6 705 -308.9 9.99 4.98 0.1034
Carton Monoxide2 CO 28.01 -311.9 49.3 2597 -220.4 508 -337.1 2.23 6.97 0.0725
Deuteriuin2 D2 4.03 -417.3 10.7 540 -390.8 239 -426.0 2.48 6.97 0.0104
Fluorine F2 38.00 -306.6 93.8 2815 -200.2 808 (-363.3) 7.49 0.098.3
Helium' He 4.00 -452.13 7.798 36 -450.2 33 -455.84 7.35 x 10-' 4 4.98 0.01034
Hydrogen'2 H2 2.02 -422.99 4.418 389 -399.8 188 -434.5 1.044 6.89 0.005209
Kryryppto�I Kr 83.80 -244.0 150.6 3884 - 82.8 796 -250.9 10.62 4.98 0.2172
Methane2 C114 16.04 -258.6 26.5 3519 -116.6 670 -296.5 1.69 8.6 0.0416
Neon' Ne 20.18 -410.7 75.35 748 -379.7 395 -415.4 6.27 4.98 0.05215
Nitric Oxidel NO 30.01 -241.0 79.3 5953 -137.2 945 -263.6 3.16 7.1 0.0777
Nitrogen' N2 28.01 -320.5 50.46 2405 -232.6 491 -345.9 1.82 6.98 0.07245
Oxygen' 02 32.00 -297.3 71.27 2932 -181.1 737 -361.8 2.10x 10-2 7.02 0,08281
IBased on data from the Compressed Gas Association Meeting,June 19,1962.
2Flammable.
31'roximate composition of dry air(Mole percent:78.09 N2,20.95 02.0.93 AT 0.03 CO2.
4X(lambda)point. _
-4
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PG. 183
CRYOGENICS FLUIDS
75.103-75.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Permits
Sec.75.103.For a permit to store,handle or transport cryogens,see Section
4.108.
NOTE: This section shall not apply to vehicles properly equipped for and
using cryogenic fluids as the primary fuel for propelling the vehicle or
for refrigerating the lading.
Approval of Containers,Equipment and Devices
Sec.75.104.(a)General.All containers,equipment and devices used for the
storage, handling and transportation of cryogenic fluids shall be of a type,
material and construction approved by the chief as suitable for such use.Approval
shall be based upon satisfactory evidence that the design,construction and test are
in accordance with nationally recognized standards.See Section 2.203(b).
(b)Unidentified Containers.Containers,equipment or devices which are not
in compliance with recognized standards for design and construction may be
approved by the chief upon presentation of satisfactory evidence that they are
designed and constructed for safe operation.
The following data shall be submitted to the chief with reference to the
deviation from the standard with the application for approval:
1.Type and use of container,equipment or device.
2.Material to be stored,handled or transported.
3.Description showing dimensions and materials used in construction.
4.Design pressure,maximum operating pressure and test pressure.
5.'lope,size and setting of safety devices.
6.Such other data as the chief may request.
Electrical Equipment
Sec.75.105.(a)General.Electrical installations and equipment shall conform
to the provisions of the Electrical Code.
(b) Lighting. When required by the chief, lighting, including emergency
lighting, shall be provided for fire appliances and operating facilities such as
walkways,control valves and gages.
Electrical Grounding or Bonding
Sec. 75.106. Containers, systems and equipment used for flammable cryo-
genic fluids shall be either grounded or bonded or both.Electrical grounding and
bonding shall be provided by an approved system and shall comply with the
Electrical Code. Suitable means shall be taken to protect the system against
.corrosion,including corrosion caused by stray electric currents.
Warning Labels
Sec. 75.107. Warning labels and signs shall be posted on containers and
equipment and at such locations as may be prescribed by the chief.
184
1988 EDITION 75.108-75.202
Dispensing Areas
Sec. 75.108. Dispensing of flammable cryogenic fluids, liquefied oxygen,
liquid oxidizers or toxic/corrosive cryogenics shall be only at approved locations.
Fire Protection
Sec. 75.109. Provisions shall be made in all flammable storage areas for
controlling and extinguishing vent line fires.
Division II
CONTAINERS
Container Design,Construction and Testing
Sec. 75.201. (a) General. Containers used for the storage and handling of
cryogenic fluids shall be of approved materials and design in accordance with
nationally recognized standards.See Section 2.303(b).
(b)Metallic.Metallic containers shall be constructed,inspected and tested in
accordance with nationally recognized standards.See Section 2.303(b).
(c)Concrete.Concrete containers shall be built in accordance with the applica-
ble provisions of the Building Code. Barrier materials used in connection with
concrete but not functioning structurally shall be materials authorized by nation-
ally recognized standards.See Section 2.303(b).
(d)Shipping.Containers used in transportation shall be built, inspected and
tested in accordance with the applicable provisions of the United States Depart-
ment of Transportation.
Container Pressure-relief Devices
Sec. 75.202. (a) General. All pressure containers shall be protected by a
pressure-relief device or devices.If only one pressure-relief device is used,it shall
be set to operate at a pressure not to exceed the maximum allowable working
pressure.Additional relief devices may be set to operate at a higher pressure.but
shall not exceed 150 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure.
(b) Fire Hazard Exposures. Containers subject to an exposure fire hazard
shall be protected by pressure-relieving devices designed to protect against exces-
sive pressure caused by fire exposure. Such devices shall be set to operate at a
pressure not in excess of 110 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure
and shall have a relieving capacity sufficient to prevent the pressure from rising
more than 20 percent above the maximum working pressure.If only one device is
used,it shall be set to operate at a pressure not to exceed the maximum allowable
working pressure.
(c)Accessibility and Moisture Effects.Relief devices shall be located so that
they are readily accessible for inspection and repair and shall be protected against
tampering.All relief devices shall be so designed or located that moisture cannot
collect and freeze in a manner which would interfere with proper operation of the
device.
185
75.202-75.301 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(d)Shutoffs Between Relief Valves and Containers.No shutoff valves shall
be installed between relief valves and containers except that a shutoff valve may
be used on multiple valve installations where the arrangement of the valves will
provide full required flow through the relief devices at all times.
(e)Outer Containers.Outer containers shall be equipped with pressure-relief
devices to adequately protect the containers from excessive pressure.
(f)Vessels Other than Containers.Heat exchangers and similar vessels shall
be protected with a relieving device of sufficient capacity to avoid overpressure in
case of internal failure.
(g)Subjecting to Low Temperatures. Safety relief valves shall not be sub-
jected to cryogenic temperatures except when operating.
Pressure-relief Vent Piping
Sec.75.203.(a)Size.All relief vent piping shall have an area equal to at least
the area of the relief valve and shall be arranged so as not to unduly restrict the
flow.
(b)Arrangement.Relief devices or relief device vent piping shall be arranged
so that escaping gas will discharge unobstructed to the open air and not impinge on
personnel,containers,equipment and structures or enter enclosed spaces.
(c) Moisture Control and Termination. Vents shall be installed in such a
manner as to exclude or remove moisture and condensation and to prevent
malfunction due to freezing or icing. Drains shall be so installed as to prevent
possible flame impingement on the container,piping,equipment and structures.
Insulation
Sec.75.204.Insulation for containers in oxygen service shall be noncombusti-
ble and shall be nonreactive with oxygen-enriched air.
Nameplate
Sec.75.205.Each container shall be identified by the attachment of a name-
plate in an accessible place marked as authorized by nationally recognized
standards or the regulations of the United States Department of Transportation.
See Section 2.303(b).
Division III
STORAGE
Installation of Aboveground Containers
Sec.75.301.(a)Foundation and Protection of Supports.Containers shall be
provided with substantial concrete or inasonry foundations, or structural steel
supports on firm concrete or masonry foundations. Structural steel supports,
exceeding 18 inches in height,for'flammable cryogenic fluid containers shall be
protected with protective coating having a two-hour fire-resistive rating as speci-
fied in the Building Code.
186
1988 EDITION 75.301-75.303
(b)Temporary Installations.Temporarily installed portable containers shall
be provided with substantial noncombustible supports securely anchored on firm
compatible foundations. ASME or DOT approved mobile containers shall meet
the intent of this section.
EXCEPTION:Temporarily installed containers of liquid oxygen must be in-
stalled over an approved noncombustible surface.
(c)Temperature Effects on Supports.When container supports or founda-
tions are likely to reach cryogenic temperatures,the supports or foundations shall
be of a material and design to withstand the low-temperature effects of cryogenic
fluid spillage.
Horizontal containers shall be so mounted on foundations as to permit expan-
sion and contraction:
(d)Support Design of Corrosion Protection. Every container shall be sup-
ported to prevent the concentration of excessive loads on the supporting portion of
the shell.That portion of the container in contact with foundations or saddles shall
be protected against corrosion.
(e)Flooding Areas. Containers located in areas that are subject to flooding
shall be securely anchored or elevated.
(f)Protection from Damage. Storage containers,piping, valves,regulating
equipment and other accessories shall be protected against physical damage and
against tampering.
(g) Securing. Containers shall be secured as may be necessary to prevent
shifting or upset.
Drainage for Aboveground Containers
Sec. 75.302. (a) General. The area surrounding a container for cryogenic
fluids shall be provided with drainage to prevent accidental discharge of fluids
from endangering adjacent containers, buildings and equipment or adjoining
property. These provisions may be altered or waived when determined by the
chief that such container does not constitute a hazard, after consideration of
special features such as rock for a heat sink,topographical conditions,nature of
occupancy,proximity to buildings on the same or adjacent property,capacity and
construction of containers and character of fluids to be stored.
(b) Drainage Design. Where a drainage system is utilized to provide the
required protection,such system shall be engineered to meet the intent of Section
75.302(a).
Location of Aboveground Containers with Respect to Exposure
Sec. 75.303. (a) General. Cryogenic fluid containers shall be located in
accordance with Table No.75.303.Containers in excess of the quantity in Table
No. 75.303 shall be engineered based on the exposure hazard. Extrapolations
from Table No.75.303 are not applicable to quantities in excess of.those listed.
(b)Production and nansrdl Plant Exposure. Distance for cryogenic con-
tainers to exposures at production plants and transfill plants shall be engineered
based on the exposure hazard.
187
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TABLE NO.75.303=MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM CRYOGENIC FLUIDS IN STORAGE
DISTANCE IN'
FEET TO DISTANCE IN FEET TO
NONFLAMMABLE DISTANCE IN FEET TO DISTANCE IN FEET CORROSIVE AND HIGHLY
CRYOGENSS FLAMMABLE CRYOGENSS TO OXIDIZING CRYOGENS5 TOXIC CRYOGENSS
3,501- 15,001- 1,001-
EXPOSURE 75,000 gal. 0.3,500 gal. 15,000 gal. 30,000 gal. 0-1,000 gal. 50,000 gal. 20,000 gal.or less
BUILDINGS—
Type I and Type II-F.R. 1 5 5 5 1 1 5
Types II-NC and One-hour 1 251 501 751 1 min. I min. 25
Types III,IV and V 1 501 751 1001 501 501 50
WALL OPENINGS,AIR INTAKES 1 75 above the system 10 10 253
FLAMMABLE and
COMBUSTIBLE
<1000 gal. 5 501 751 751 2512 251 2 501
LIQUID ABOVEGROUND
>1000 gal. 5 501 751 1001 5012 501 2 501
FLAMMABLE and
COMBUSTIBLE
From tank 1 20 20 20 15 15 15
LIQUID BELOWGROUND c
From vent 1 251 251 251 2512 251 2 2512 Z
m
FLAMMABLE GAS O
<25,000 cu.ft. 5 251 251 501 251'2 251 2 501
>25,000 cu.ft. 5 501 501 751 2512 501 2 501 TI
FAST-BURNING SOLIDS 5 501 751 1001 5012 501 501 M
m
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o
PLACES OF PUBLIC ASSEMBLY Z
Nonambulatory patient areas 50 75 75 75 50 50 504
PROPERTY LINES 5 25 50 75 5 5 504
NONFLAMMABLE CRYOGEN 1 5 5 5 5 5 5
FLAMMABLE CRYOGEN 5 5 5 5 751 2 751 2 501
OXIDIZER CRYOGEN 5 751 2 751 2 751 2 5 5 501 2
CORROSIVE AND HIGHLY
TOXIC CRYOGEN 5 501 501 501 5 5 5
'The distances do not apply where protective structures having a minimimum fire resistance of two hours interrupt the line of sight between
uninsulated portions of the cryogen storage installation and the exposure.In such cases,the cryogen installation shall be a minimum distance of 1
foot(or greater distance if required for system maintenance)from the protective structure.The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet from the
exposure.
The protective structure(in lieu of distance)protects uninsulated cryogen containers or supports,control equipment enclosures,and system piping
(or parts thereof)from external fire exposure.Cryogen containers are well insulated. Such containers can provide line-of-sight protection for
uninsulated system components.
Protective structure configuration and dimensions will,therefore,vary depending upon the components of a particular system and their spatial
relation to each other and to the exposure.Also,the configuration will allow for natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas
concentrations and shall not have more than two sides at approximately 90-degree directions,except a third diagonal section may be used at the
vertex.
2Where it is necessary to locate liquefied oxygen in the vicinity of flammable cryogens,liquefied flammable gas or flammable liquids,suitable
protective means shall be taken(such as grading or diversion curbs)to prevent accumulation of liquids within 25 feet of each other.
3For carbon monoxide-50 feet.
4For carbon monoxide-75 feet.
5Distances may be increased when cryogenic fluid is reactive with exposure cryogenic fluid. P
CA)
so w
75.304-75.307 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Installation of Belowground Concrete Containers
See. 75.304. (a) Frost-heave Soils. Suitable tests shall be conducted by
qualified personnel at the site to determine whether the soil within the expected
freezing zone around the container is of the frost-heave susceptible type. If it is
determined that the soil is susceptible to ice-lens formation, select backfrll of
sufficient width shall be placed around the vessel to prevent excessive pressure
from acting on the container or suitable means taken to ensure that the zone of
freezing will not extend into the frost-heave susceptible soil.
(b)Foundations.Belowground concrete containers shall be installed on foun-
dations or supports of concrete,masonry piling,steel or a suitable foundation of
aggregate which shall have been designed and constructed in accordance with the
Building Code.
(c)Limiting Access.The container storage area shall be fenced or otherwise
protected where necessary.A minimum of two access openings shall be provided,
and they shall be sufficient in size to accommodate emergency equipment.
Installation of Cryogenic In-ground Containers
See.75.305. (a)General.Natural materials such as earth shall be proved to
have adequate chemical and physical properties for the construction and operation
of the container at the operating temperature.
(b)Container Base. Containers shall be bottomed out of material naturally
impermeable or made impermeable by artificial means.
(c)Design and Construction. Any foundation, such as those for the super-
structure or roof,shall be properly designed and constructed in accordance with
the Building Code.
(d)Fencing.The container storage area shall be fenced or otherwise protected
where necessary.A minimum of two access openings shall be provided and they
shall be of sufficient size to accommodate emergency equipment.
Location of Belowground and In-ground Containers with Respect to
Exposure
Sec. 75.306. The minimum distance from the edge of belowground and in-
ground flammable cryogenic containers to the nearest important building,proper-
ty line or public way or from aboveground flammable or combustible liquid
storage shall be in accordance with the following table:
CONTAINER CAPACITY
(Gallons) MINIMUM DISTANCE
Less than 500 5 feet
More than 500 to 1000 25 feet
Over 1000 50 feet
Location in Areas Containing Other Flammable Materials
Sec.75.307.Containers of cryogenic fluids shall not be located within dikes
enclosing flammable or combustible liquid containers,LPG containers or com-
pressed gas containers.
190
1988 EDITION 75.401-75.402
Division IV
PIPING, PROCESS AND ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT AT
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES AND CONSUMER SITES
Piping,Materials and Construction
Sec. 75.401. (a) General. All piping and materials such as gaskets, thread
compound,etc., shall be suitable for the intended use through the full range of
pressure and temperature to which they will be subjected, maintaining a safety
factor of four to one.
(b) Piping System Design. The piping system shall be designed and con-
structed to provide adequate allowance for expansion, contraction, vibration,
settlement and fire exposure.
(c) Joints. Joints on all container piping and tubing over 2-inch nominal
diameter shall be made by welding or with welded flanges.For nonflammable and
nontoxic and noncorrosive cryogenic fluids, joints may be screwed, welded,
silver brazed or with welded flanges.
(d)Outside Piping.Piping outside buildings may be either buried or above-
ground and shall be well supported and protected against physical damage and
corrosion.
(e)Testing. All piping and tubing shall be tested after installation at not less
than one and one-half times hydraulically or one and one-fourth times pneu-
matically the maximum working pressure and proved free of leaks.
Valves and Accessory Equipment
Sec.75.402.(a)General.All valves and accessory equipment shall be suitable
for the intended use at the temperatures of the application and shall be designed
for not less than the maximum pressure and minimum temperature to which they
may be subjected,maintaining a safety factor of four to one.
(b)Shutoffs on Containers.Shutoff valves shall be provided on all container
connections. Shutoff valves shall be located as close as practicable to the
containers.
(c)Containers in Excess of 2000 Gallons.All liquid and vapor connections on
flammable cryogenic fluid containers in excess of 2000 water gallons, except
gaging connections under 1/2-inch pipe size,shall be equipped with check valves
or a remotely controlled,quick-closing valve.Remote valves shall be labeled in a
manner acceptable to the chief. Remote valves shall be located as close as
practical to the tank.
(d)Shutoff on Pipelines.Shutoff valves shall be installed in all liquid pipelines
as needed to limit the volume of liquid discharged in event of piping or equipment
failure.Relief valves shall be installed between shutoff valves in all pipelines.
(e)Identification of Container Connections.All inlet and outlet connections
except'relief valves, liquid-level gaging devices, and pressure gages on any
container shall be labeled or identified by a schematic drawing to designate
whether they are connected to vapor or liquid space.
191
75.402-75.602 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(f)Vent Reliefs for Flammables and Corrosives.All relief device vent lines
for flammable and corrosive cryogenics shall be piped to a vent stack which
discharges up in the air at a safe distance from personnel.
Division V
HANDLING, LOADING AND UNLOADING
Loading and Unloading Area
Sec.75.501. (a)General.Loading and unloading shall be performed in such a
manner as not to create an unsafe condition.
(b)Control.Movement of vehicles,starting of engines,loading and unloading
operations shall be controlled by personnel responsible for this area.
(c) Oxygen Near Fuels. Loading and unloading of oxygen shall not be
permitted in the vicinity of loading or unloading of gaseous or liquid fuel.
(d)Parking Vehicles.Parked vehicles shall have wheel chocks in place.
Division VI
TRANSPORTATION
Containers,Tanks and Vessels
Sec. 75.601. Containers, tanks and vessels used for transporting cryogenic
fluids shall meet all applicable requirements of the United States Department of
aansportation.
Vehicles :
Sec. 75.602. Vehicles transporting cryogenic fluids and subject to require-
ments of this code shall:
1. Be placarded at the front, rear and on each side identifying the product.
Placards shall have letters not less than 2 inches high using approximately a
5/8-inch stroke.Abbreviations shall not be used.In addition to the placard
identifying the product,vehicles shall also bear other placards as may be
required by the United States Department of Transportation,i.e.,FLAM-
MABLE GAS,OXIDIZER,etc.
2. Be equipped with not less than one approved-type fire extinguisher,with a
minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C.
3. Be equipped with adequate chock blocks.
192
1988 EDITION 76.101-76.103
ARTICLE 76
PREVENTION OF DUST EXPLOSIONS
Definition
Sec.76.101.For the definition of DUST as used in this article,see Article 9.
Permits
Sec. 76.102. For a permit to conduct an operation which produces dust, see
Section 4.108.
General Requirements
Sec.76.103.(a)Enclosures.All dust-producing or dust-agitating machinery,
such as grinding mills and separators, and all elevators, elevator legs, spouts,
hoppers and other conveyors shall be provided with casing or enclosures main-
tained as nearly dust-tight as possible. ,
(b)Required Separators. Approved magnetic or pneumatic separators shall
be installed ahead of all shellers,crackers,crushers,grinding machines,pulveriz-
ers and similar machines in which the entrance of foreign materials may cause
sparks to be generated.
(c) Dust Collection Required. Suitable dust-collecting equipment shall be
installed on all dust-producing machinery and interlocked with the machinery
power supply so that the machinery cannot be operated without the dust-
collection equipment also operating.
(d)Cleaning.Accumulation of dust shall be kept at a minimum in the interior
of buildings.Accumulated dust on floors and other surfaces shall be collected by
vacuum cleaning. The use of forced-air or similar devices to remove dust from
surfaces is prohibited.
(e)Grounding.All machinery and metal parts of the crushing,drying,pulver-
izing and conveying system shall be electrically grounded in accordance with the
Electrical Code.
Static electricity shall be removed from all machinery and other component
parts by permanent grounds or bonds or both.The design and installation of such
grounds shall be in accordance with approved standards.
(f)Open Flames.Smoking and the carrying of matches,the use of heating or
other devices employing an open flame,or use of any spark-producing equipment
is prohibited in areas containing dust-producing or dust-agitating operations.
Artificial lighting in such areas shall be by electricity with all wiring and electrical
equipment installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.
(g)Explosion Vents.Properly designed and located vents which will relieve
the pressure resulting from an explosion and prevent or reduce damage to build-
ings or equipment shall be required in all buildings where flammable or explosive
dusts are manufactured,processed or generated.The design and amount of such
equipment shall be in accordance with the Building Code.
193
77.101-77.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 77
EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS
Division I
GENERAL
Scope
Sec.77.101.This article shall apply to the manufacture,possession,storage,
sale,transportation and use of explosives and blasting agents.
Exceptions
Sec.77.102.(a)Nothing in this article shall be construed as applying to:
1. The armed forces of the United States or the state militia.
2. Explosives in forms prescribed by the official United States Pharma-
copoeia.
3. The sale,possession or use of fireworks.
4. The possession,transportation and use of small arms ammunition.
5. The possession;storage,transportation and use of not more than one pound
of black sporting powder,20 pounds of smokeless powder and 2000 small
arms primers for hand loading of small arms ammunition for personal use.
6. The transportation and use of explosives or blasting agents by the United
States Bureau of Mines,the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United
States Secret Service or Police and Fire Departments acting in their official
capacities.
7. Special industrial explosive devices which in the aggregate contain less
than 50 pounds of explosives.
Definitions
Sec.77.103.For definitions of BLASTING AGENT,BULLET RESISTANT,
INHABITED BUILDING,EXPLOSIVES,GUNPOWDER,SPECIAL INDUS-
TRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE,SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL HIGH-EXPLOSIVE
MATERIAL and TEST BLASTING CAP NO.8,see Article 9.
Permits
Sec.77.104.(a)Permits shall be obtained:
1. To manufacture,possess,store,sell or otherwise dispose of explosives or
blasting agents.
2. To transport explosives or blasting agents.
3. To use explosives or blasting agents.
4. To operate a terminal for handling explosives or blasting agents.
5. To deliver to or receive explosives or blasting agents from a carrier at a
terminal between the hours of sunset and sunrise.
194
1988 EDITION 77.104-77.105
6. To transport blasting caps or electric blasting caps on the same vehicle with
explosives.See Section 4.108.
(b)Permits required by Section 77.104(a)of this article shall not be issued for:
1. Liquid nitroglycerin.
2. Dynamite(except gelatin dynamite)containing over 60 percent of liquid
explosive ingredient.
3. Dynamite having an unsatisfactory absorbent or one that permits leakage
of a liquid explosive ingredient under any conditions liable to exist during
storage.
4. Nitrocellulose in a dry and uncompressed condition in quantity greater
than 10 pounds net weight in one package. e0
5. Fulminate of mercury in a dry condition and fulminate of all other metals in
any condition except as a component of manufactured articles not hereinaf-
ter forbidden. X:
W
6. Explosive compositions that ignite spontaneously or undergo marked de- `
composition, rendering the products or their use more hazardous, when
subjected for 48 consecutive hours or less to a temperature of 167°F.
7. New explosives until approved by the U.S.Department of Transportation,
except that permits may be issued to educational,governmental or indus-
trial laboratories for instruction or research purposes.
8. Explosives condemned by the U.S.Department of Transportation.
9. Explosives not packed or marked in accordance with the requirements of
the U.S.Department of Transportation.
10. Explosives containing an ammonium salt and a chlorate.
(c)No person shall keep or store,nor shall any permit be issued to keep or store,
any explosives at any place of habitation or within 100 feet thereof.
(d)No person possessing a permit for storage of explosives at any place shall
keep or store any greater amount or other kind of explosives than are authorized in
such permit.
(e)The chief may require that any operations permitted under the provisions of
Section 77.104(a)2 or 3 shall be supervised at any or all times by employees of the
fire department designated by the chief to see that all safety and fire regulations
are observed. Where, in the opinion of the chief, no undue hazard to life or
property exists,the required supervision may be waived.
Bond Required
Sec. 77.105. Before a permit is issued, as required by Subsection (a) 3, of
Section 77.104, the applicant shall file with the jurisdiction a corporate surety
bond in the principal sum of$100,000 or a public liability insurance policy for the
same amount for the purpose of the payment of all damages to persons or property
which arise from,or are caused by,the conduct of any act authorized by the permit
upon which any legal judgment results.The chief may specify a greater or lesser
amount when,in his opinion,conditions at the location of use indicate a greater or
195
77.105-77.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
lesser amount is required.Public agencies shall be exempt from this bond require-
ment.
General Requirements
Sec.77.106.(a)The manufacture of explosives shall be prohibited unless such
manufacture is authorized by the chief.
(b)The storage of explosives and blasting agents is prohibited within the limits
established by law as the limits of the district in which such storage is to be
prohibited, except for temporary storage for use in connection with approved
blasting operations,provided,however,this prohibition shall not apply to whole-
sale and retail stocks of small arms ammunition,explosive bolts,explosive rivets
or cartridges for explosive-actuated power tools in quantities involving less than
500 pounds of explosive material.
(c) The chief may limit the quantity of explosives or blasting agents to be
permitted at any location.
(d)No person shall possess,offer for sale,sell or display explosives or blasting
agents at any location not authorized by permit issued by the chief.
Division II
STORAGE
Storage of Explosives
See.77.201.(a)Explosives,including special industrial high-explosive mate-
rials,shall be stored in magazines which meet the requirements of this article.
(b)Magazines shall be at all times in the custody of a competent person who
shall be at least 21 years of age and who shall be held responsible for compliance
with all safety precautions.
(c) Smoking, matches, open flames, spark-producing devices and firearms
shall be prohibited inside or within 50 feet of magazines.Combustible materials
shall not be stored within 50 feet of magazines.
(d)The land surrounding magazines shall be kept clear of brush,dried grass,
leaves,trash and debris for a distance of at least 50 feet.
(e) Magazines shall be kept locked except when being inspected or when
explosives are being placed therein or being removed therefrom.
(f)Magazines shall be kept clean,dry and free of grit,paper,empty packages
and rubbish.
(g)Magazines shall not be provided with other than approved artificial heat or
light.Approved electric safety flashlights or safety lanterns may be used.
(h)Blasting caps,electric blasting caps,detonating primers,primed cartridges
or any item such as a squib or electric match,the function of which is to ignite or
detonate propellants, fireworks or explosives, shall not be stored in the same
magazine with other explosives.
(i)Magazines shall be of two types,namely,Class I and Class II.
196
1988 EDITION , 77.201
0)Storage of explosives in quantities exceeding 100 pounds shall be in a Class I
magazine,except that a Class II magazine may be used for temporary storage of a
larger quantity of explosives at the site of blasting operations where such amount
constitutes not more than one day's supply for use in current operations. At the
end of the day's operations any remaining explosives shall be safely destroyed or
returned to a Class I magazine.
(k)Storage of explosives in quantities of 100 pounds or less shall be in Class I or
Class II magazines,except that explosives in any quantity when stored in remote
locations shall be in Class I,bullet-resistant magazines.
(1) Class I and Class II magazines shall be located away from inhabited
buildings,passenger railways,public highways and other magazines in conform-
ity with the provisions of the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explo-
sives,Table No.77.201,except as provided in Subsection 77.201(m).
(m)At the site of blasting operations,a distance of not less than 100 feet shall be
maintained between Class I magazines and the blast area.
Class II magazines shall be kept not less than 150 feet from the blast area when
the quantity of explosives temporarily kept therein is in excess of 25 pounds and
not less than 50 feet when the quantity of explosives is 25 pounds or less.
(n)Packages of explosives shall not be unpacked or repacked in a magazine nor
within 50 feet of a magazine or in close proximity to other explosives. Opened
packages of explosives shall be securely closed before being returned to a maga-
zine.
(o)Magazines shall not be used for the storage of any metal tools nor any
commodity except explosives,blasting agents and oxidizers used in compound-
ing blasting agents.The quantity of blasting agents and oxidizers shall be included
when computing the total quantity of explosives for determining distance require-
ments.
(p)When an explosive has deteriorated to an extent that it is in an unstable or
da ge�ous condition,or if nitroglycerin leaks from any explosive,then the person
,Win possession of such explosive shall immediately report the fact to the chief an'
AMEND
upon his authorization,shall proceed to destroy such explosives and clean floors
stained with nitroglycerin in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. ,
Only experienced persons shall do the work of destroying explosives.
197
77,201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.77.201-AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF
EXPLOSIVES AND MINIMUM SEPARATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND
BLASTING AGENTS FROM EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS
EXPLOSIVES DISTANCE IN FEET
WHEN STORAGE IS BARRICADED
From Passenger
Relhrays-Pulk
Highways V"h TreMlc
From Poodle Volume of More Man ration
Pounds Pounds Inhabited Highways 3,000 Vehicles/Day Sep
Over Not Over Buildings Classes A to D Barrleaded Magazines
2 5 70 30 51 6
5 10 90 35 64. 8
10 20 110 45 81 10
20 30 125 50 93 11
30 40 140 55 103 12
40 50 150 60 110 14
50 75 170 70 127 15
75 100 190 75 139 16
100 125 200 80 150 18
125 150 215 85 159 19
150 200 235 95 175 21
200 250 255 105 189 23
250 300 270 110 201 24
300 400 295 120 221 27
400 500 320 130 238 29
500 600 340 135 253 31
600 700 355 145 266 32
700 800 375 150 278 33
800 900 390 155 289 35
900 1,000 400 160 300 36
1,000 1,200 425 165 318 39
1,200 1,400 450 170 336 41
1,400 1,600 470 175 351 43
1,600 1,800 490 180 366 44
1,800 2,000 505 185 378 45
2,000 2,500 545 190 408 49
2,500 3,000 580 195 432 52
3,000 4,000 635 210 474 58
4,000 5,000 685 225 513 61
5,000 6,000 730 235 546 65
6,000 7,000 770 245 573 68
7,000 8,000 800 250 600 72
8,000 9,000 835 255 624 75
9,000 10,000 865 260 645 78
10,000 12,000 875 270 687 82
12,000 14,000 855 275 723 87
14,000 16,000 900 280 756 90
16,000 18,000 940 285 786 94
18,000 20,000 975 290 813 98
20,000 25,000 1,055 315 876 105
25,000 30,000 1,130 340 933 112
30,000 35,000 1,205 360 981 119
35,000 40,000 1,275 380 1,026 124
(Continued)
198
17.56.170 Section 77.201(p) amended--Storage , of
explosives. Section 77.201(p) is amended to read as follows:
(p) When an explosive has deteriorated to an extent
that it is in an unstable or dangerous condition, or if
i nitroglycerin leaks from any explosive, then the person in
possession of such explosive shall immediately report the fact
to the chief and, upon his authorization, shall proceed to
destroy such explosives and clean floors stained with
nitroglycerin in accordance with the instructions of the
manufacturer. Destroying of explosives shall be done under the
direction of Huntington Beach Police Department Personnel, who,
have been trained and authorized by the Chief of Police.
197.1
1988 EDITION 77.201
EXPLOSIVES DISTANCE IN FEET
WHEN STORAGE IS BARRICADED
From Passenggeer
Rallways-Publle
Highways with Traffic
From From
ub le Volume of More than
3,000 Veh,!,o ay Separation
Pounds Pounds Inhabited Highways of
Over Not Over Buildings Classes A to D Barricaded Magazines
40,000 45,000 1,340 400 1,068 129
45,000 50,000 1,400 420 1,104 135
50,000 55,000 1,460 440 1,140 140
55,000 60,000 1,515 455 1,173 145
60,000 65,000 1,565 470 1,206 150
65,000 70,000 1,610 485 1,236 155
70,000 75,000 1,655 500 1,263 160
75,000 80,000 1,695 510 1,293 165
80,000 85,000 1,730 520 1,317 170
85,000 90,000 1,760 530 1,344 175
90,000 95,000 1,790 540 1,368 180
95,000 100,000 1,815 545 1,392 185
100,000 110,000 1,835 550 1,437 195
110,000 120,000 1,855 555 1,479 205
120,000 130,000 1,875 560 1,521 215
130,000 140,000 1,890 565 1,557 225
140,000 150,000 1,900 570 1,593 235
150,000 160,000 1,935 580 1,629 245
160,000 170,000 1,965 590 1,662 255
170,000 180,000 1,990 600 1,695 265
180,000 190,000 2,010 605 1,725 275
190,000 200,000 2,030 610 1,755 285
200,000 210,000 2,055 620 1,782 295
210,000 230,000 2,100 635 1,836 315
230,000 250,000 2,155 650 1,890 335
250,000 275,000 2,215 670 1,950 360
275,000 300,000 2,275 690 2,000 385
NOTES:
1. For exceptions,see Section 77.201(n).
2. "Natural barricade"means natural features of the ground,such as hills,or timber of
sufficient density that the surrounding exposures which require protection cannot be
seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves.
3. `Artificial barricade" means an artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a
minimum thickess of 3 feet,except as set forth in Note 13.
4. "Barricaded" means that a building containing explosives is effectually screened
from a magazine,building,railway or highway,either by a natural barricade or by an
artificial barricade of such height that a straight line from the top of any sidewall of the
building containing explosives to the cave line of any magazine or building,or to a
point 12 feet above the center of a railway or highway will pass through such
intervening natural or artificial barricade.
5. "Inhabited building"means a building regularly occupied in whole or in part as a
habitation for human beings,or any church,schoolhouse,railroad station,store or
other structure where people are accustomed to assemble, except any building or
(Continued)
199
77.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
structure occupied in connection with the manufacture,transportation,storage or use
of explosives.
6. "Railway" means any steam, electric or other railroad or railway which carves
passengers for hire.
7. "Highway"means any street or public road."Public highways,Classes A to D,"are
highways with average traffic volume of 3000 or less vehicles per day.
8. When two or more storage magazines are located on the same property,each magazine
must comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings,rail-
ways and highways and,in addition,they shall be separated from each other by not less
than the distances shown for"separation of magazines,"except that the quantity of
explosives contained in cap magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said cap
magazines from magazines containing other explosives.
EXCEFTION:'lWo or more magazines may be separated from each other by less
than the specified "separation of magazines" distances when such two or more
magazines, as a group,are considered as one magazine and the total quantity of
explosives stored in such group shall be treated as if stored in a single magazine
located on the site of any magazine of the group and shall comply with the minimum
of distances specified from other magazines, inhabited buildings, railways or
highways.
9. This table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of commercial
explosives. It is not applicable to transportation of explosives or any handling or
temporary storage necessary or incident thereto.It is not intended to apply to bombs,
projectiles or other heavily encased explosives.
10. All types of blasting caps in strengths through No.8 cap shall be rated at 1�h pounds of
explosives per 1000 caps.For strengths higher than No.8 cap,the manufacturer shall
be consulted.
11. For quantity and distance purposes,detonating cord of 50 to 60 grains per foot shall be
calculated as equivalent to 9 pounds of high explosives per 1000 feet. Heavier or
lighter core loads shall be rated proportionately.
12. For unbarricaded condition,the specified distance for"barricaded"shall be doubled.
13. The minimum separation between stores of explosives or blasting agents from barri-
caded stores of ammonium nitrate shall be not less than 16.7 percent of the distance
given for separation of magazines in Table No. 77.201. The minimum separation
between stores of explosives or blasting agents from barricaded stores of blasting
agents shall be not less than 60 percent of the distance given for separation of
magazines in Table No. 77.201. The distance determined from the above shall be
multiplied by six if barricades are not provided.
For the purpose of this note,the weight of the larger mass shall be used to determine
the required separation;however,the weight of ammonium nitrate may be reduced by
50 percent.The required separation between inhabited buildings,public highways and
railroads shall be not less than set forth in Table No. 77.201 using the sum of all
explosives and blasting agents that are at a distance less than set forth in the table.The
distance shall be measured from closest edge of the explosive material. Class A
explosives as defined by the Department of Transportation shall be within Class I
magazines.For the purposes of this note,artificial barricades of sand or dirt shall have
a thickness not less than the following:
200
1988 EDITION 77.201-77.203
Weight of
Explosive or
Blasting Agent
Pounds Barricade
Pounds Not Thickness
Over Over (Inches)
2,000 12
2,000 6,000 15
6,000 12,000 20
12,000 25,000 25
25,000 40,000 30
40,000 60,000 35
60,000 100,000 40
100,000 200,000 50
200,000 1 300,000 1 60
Gunpowder
Sec.77.202.(a)The chief may authorize the storage of smokeless powder not
to exceed 100 pounds,black sporting powder not to exceed 5 pounds,and small
arms primers not to exceed 20,000 in approved establishments. Smokeless
powder exceeding 20 pounds shall be stored in an approved Class II magazine.
Black sporting powder,when authorized,shall be stored in an approved Class II
magazine.Small arms primers shall be stored in a manner prescribed by the chief.
(b)The display of smokeless powder shall be only in original containers and
shall not exceed 20 pounds.
(c)Small arms primers shall not be stored or displayed with smokeless powder
or other explosives.
(d) Smokeless powder shall not be repackaged except in original-type con-
tainers, and repackaging shall be permitted only in locations designated and
approved by the chief.
(e)The repackaging of black sporting powder shall not be permitted.
Class I Magazines
Sec.77.203.(a)A magazine may be a building or excavation,tunnel or igloo,
or military-type magazine or a portable magazine constructed as required in this
section.
(b)Class I magazines shall be bullet resistant,fire resistant,weatherproof,theft
resistant and well ventilated.
EXCEPTION:Magazines used for the storage of blasting agents,Class B and
Class C explosives need not be bullet resistant.
(c)Building-type magazines shall be constructed of masonry,wood,metal or a
combination of these materials when bullet resistance is required. I .
1. Masonry units not less than 8 inches in thickness with all hollow spaces
filled with concrete,well-tamped sand or equivalent material,or
2. Reinforced concrete not less than 6 inches in thickness,or
3. Steel walls of minimum manufacturer's standard gage No. 14(.0747-inch)
201
77.203 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
may be used,provided there are two layers spaced at least 6 inches apart
with all hollow spaces filled with concrete,well-tamped sand or equivalent
material,or
4. One layer of manufacturer's standard gage No. 6(.1943-inch)or heavier
steel,lined on the interior with a minimum of 4 inches of wood,or
5. Two layers of manufacturer's standard gage No.6(.1943-inch)or heavier
steel, spaced a minimum '/2 inch apart and lined on the interior with a
minimum of 2 inches of wood,or
6. Two layers of wood, at least 2 inches nominal thickness each, spaced a
minimum of 4 inches apart with the hollow spaces filled with concrete,
well-tamped sand or equivalent material.
7. The roof shall also be protected when the magazine is located where it is
possible to fire a bullet directly through it into the explosives stored inside.
NOTE: Any sheeting used shall be tongue-and-groove lumber,plywood or approved
equal.
(d)Doors shall be of bullet-resistant construction and shall be installed in such
a manner that the hinges and hasps cannot be removed when the doors are locked
and closed.
Doors shall be equipped with substantial and approved means of locking.Each
door shall be equipped with two separate locks or a lock requiring two separate
keys.All padlocks shall be protected with steel caps constructed so as to prevent
sawing or lever action on the locks or hasps.
(e)Floors of magazines shall be securely fastened in place and shall be capable
of withstanding the loads imposed.
(f)The roofs and exterior sides of building-type magazines may be of wood
construction covered with not less than No. 26 gage (.016-inch) steel metal.
Roofs of building-type magazines located where it is possible to fire a bullet
directly through the roof into the magazine at such an angle that the bullet would
strike the explosives therein shall be constructed according to Section 77.203(c)
or equipped with a sand tray located at the eave line and covering the entire
magazine ceiling area except that necessary for ventilation.Sand in the sand tray
shall be maintained at a depth of not less than 4 inches.
(g)Magazines shall be ventilated to minimize dampness and heating of stored
explosives. Ventilation openings shall be screened with 14 mesh, No. 21 gage
wire to prevent the entrance of sparks and shall be protected in a manner that will
maintain the bullet resistance of the magazine.
(h)Magazine interiors shall have a smooth finish with all nails, screws,bolts
and nuts countersunk or blinded.
(i)The approaches to magazines shall be provided with warning signs reading
EXPLOSIVES—KEEP OFF in red letters not less than 4 inches in height and a
stroke of at least 5/8 inch.The lettering shall be imposed upon a white background.
Location of signs shall be within 100 feet of the magazine and so placed that a
bullet through the sign will not strike the magazine.
0)Post an additional warning sign on the door with the letters not less than 2
202
1988 EDITION 77.203-77.301
inches in height and a stroke of '/a inch on a contrasting background reading
EXPLOSIVES, DANGEROUS.
Class 11 Magazines
Sec.77.204.(a)Class H magazines shall be constructed of wood,metal,fiber
or a combination thereof,or any equivalent construction.
(b)Class H magazines shall be well constructed as follows:
1. Two-inch nominal thickness lumber,covered on the exterior with a mini-
mum of No.20 manufacturer's standard gage steel,or
2. TWo thicknesses of 1-inch plywood covered on the exterior with a mini-
mum of No.20 manufacturer's standard gage steel,or
3. Fiber equal in strength to wood as indicated in Items Nos. 1 and 2 above,
covered on the exterior with a minimum of No.20 manufacturer's standard
gage steel,or
4. Minimum No. 14 manufacturer's standard gage steel,lined on the interior
with one layer of 1-inch-thick plywood,or
5. Material of equal strength and fire resistance.
(c)Class H magazines containing explosives and located in buildings shall be
located for easy removal in case of fire and,when required by the chief,shall be
equipped with approved wheels or casters.
(d)Class H magazines shall be painted red and,when size permits,shall bear
lettering in white on sides and top at least 3 inches high with a 'h-inch stroke
which reads EXPLOSIVES.
(e)Class H magazines containing explosives left at locations where no one is in
attendance shall be adequately secured to prevent their theft.
Division III
USE, HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION
Use and Handling of Explosives
Sec.77.301.(a)Blasting operations shall be conducted during daylight hours
except when authorized at other times by the chief.
(b)The handling and firing of explosives shall be performed only by the person
possessing a valid Explosives Certificate issued by the chief or by employees
under his direct personal supervision who are at least 18 years of age.
(c) A person while under the influence of intoxicants or narcotics shall not
handle explosives.
(d)A person shall not smoke or carry matches while handling explosives or
while in the vicinity thereof.
(e)An open-flame light shall not be used in the vicinity of explosives.
(f)Whenever blasting is being conducted in the vicinity of gas,electric,water,
fire alarm, telephone, telegraph or steam utilities, the blaster shall notify the
appropriate representative of such utilities at least 24 hours in advance of blasting,
203
77.301-77.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
specifying the location and intended time of such blasting.In an emergency,this
time limit may be waived by the chief.
(g) Blasting operations shall be conducted in accordance with nationally
recognized good practice.
(h) Before a blast is fired, the person in charge shall make certain that all
surplus explosives are in a safe place, all persons and vehicles are at a safe
distance or under sufficient cover and a loud warning signal has been sounded.
(i)Due precautions shall be taken to prevent accidental discharge of electric
blasting caps from current induced by radio or radar transmitters, lightning,
adjacent power lines,dust storms or other sources of extraneous electricity.
These precautions shall include:
1. The suspension of all blasting operations and removal of persons from the
blasting area during the approach and progress of an electrical storm.
2. The posting of signs warning against the use of mobile radio transmitters
on all roads within approximately 500 feet of the blasting operations.
3. Compliance with nationally recognized good practice when blasting with-
in one and one-half mile_ s of broadcast or high-power shortwave
transmitters.
0)When blasting is done in a congested area or in close proximity to a building,
structure, railway, highway or any other installation that may be damaged by
material being thrown into the air, the blast shall be covered with an adequate
blasting mat.
(k) Tools used for opening packages of explosives shall be constructed of
nonsparking materials.
(1)Empty boxes and paper and fiber packing materials which have previously
contained high explosives shall not be used again for any purpose but shall be
disposed of in a manner approved by the chief.
(m)Explosives shall not be abandoned.
Transportation of Explosives
Sec. 77.302. (a)Explosives shall not be carried or transported in or upon a
public conveyance or vehicles carrying passengers for hire.
(b)Vehicles used for transporting explosives shall be strong enough to carry the
load without difficulty and shall be in good mechanical condition.If vehicles do
not"have a,closed body, the explosives shall be covered with a flameproof and
moistureproof tarpaulin or other effective protection against moisture and sparks.
Such vehicles shall have tight floors,and exposed spark-producing metal on the
inside of the body shall be covered with wood or other nonsparking material to
prevent contact with packages of explosives.Packages of explosives shall not be
loaded above the sides of open-body vehicles.
(c)-Explosives shall not be transported on any vehicle not authorized by the
chief.
. (d)Every vehicle when used for transporting explosives shall be equipped with
not less than one approved-type fire extinguisher with a minimum rating of 2-A,
204
1988 EDITION 77.302
10-B:C, or two approved-type fire extinguishers, one of which shall have a
minimum rating of 2-A and the other a minimum rating of 10-B:C.Extinguishers
shall be so located as to be readily available for use.
(e) It shall be the duty of the person to whom a permit has been issued to
transport explosives over the highways of the municipality, to inspect those
vehicles employed by him to determine that:
1. Fire extinguishers are filled and in operating condition.
2. Electric wires are insulated and securely fastened.
3. The motor, chassis and body are reasonably clean and free of excessive
grease and oil.
4. The fuel tank and fuel line are securely fastened and are not leaking.
5. Brakes,lights,horn,windshield wipers and steering mechanism are func-
tioning properly.
6. Tires are properly inflated and free of defects.
7. The vehicle is in proper condition for transporting explosives.
(f)Spark-producing metals or spark-producing metal tools shall not be carried
in the body of a vehicle transporting explosives.
(g) Only those dangerous articles authorized by the U.S. Department of
1kansportation to be loaded with explosives shall be carried in the body of a
vehicle transporting explosives.
(h)A person shall not smoke, carry matches or any other flame-producing
device, or carry any firearms or loaded cartridges while in or near a vehicle
transporting explosives,or drive,load or unload any such vehicle in a careless or
reckless manner.
(i)Vehicles transporting explosives shall be in the custody of drivers who are
physically fit, careful, capable, reliable, able to read and write the English
language,not addicted to the use or under the influence of intoxicants or narcotics
and not less than 21 years of age.They shall be familiar with state and municipal
traffic regulations and the provisions of this article governing the transportation of
explosives.
0) Vehicles transporting explosives shall display explosives signs on both
sides,front and rear conforming to the requirements of the vehicle code.
(k) Blasting caps and electric blasting caps when transported on the same
vehicle with other explosives shall be separated from the other explosives by
containment within a Class 11 magazine.
(1)Vehicles transporting explosives shall be routed to avoid congested traffic
and densely populated areas.
(m) Explosives shall not be transported through any completed vehicular
tunnel or subway except on approval of the chief.
(n)Vehicles transporting explosives shall not be left unattended at any time
within the jurisdiction.
(o) Unless authorized by the chief, a person other than the driver and one
205
4
77.302-77.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
assistant who is at least 18 years of age shall not ride on any vehicle transporting
explosives.
(p)The fire and police departments shall be promptly notified when a vehicle
transporting explosives is involved in an accident,breaks down or catches fire.
Only in the event of such an emergency shall the transfer of explosives from one
vehicle to another be allowed on highways within the jurisdiction and only when
qualified supervision is provided.Except in such an emergency,a vehicle trans-
porting explosives shall not be parked before reaching its destination except at
stopping and parking places designated and approved by the chief.
(q) Delivery shall be made only to authorized persons and into approved
magazines or approved temporary storage or handling areas.
(r)Vehicles containing explosives shall not be taken into a garage or repair shop
for repairs or storage.
Explosives and Blasting Agents at Terminals
Sec.77.303. (a)The chief may designate the location and specify the maxi-
mum quantity of explosives or blasting agents which may be loaded,unloaded,
reloaded or temporarily retained at each terminal where such operations are
permitted.
(b) Shipments of explosives or blasting agents delivered to carriers shall
comply with the U.S.Department of Ransportation regulations.
(c) Carriers shall immediately notify the chief when explosives or blasting
agents are received at terminals.
(d)Carriers shall immediately notify consignees of the arrival of explosives or
blasting agents at terminals.
(e)'11uck terminals where explosives are loaded,unloaded or transferred shall
conform to the following conditions:
1. There shall be no aboveground storage tanks of flammable or combustible
liquids or other hazardous substances on the terminal proper or on immedi-
ate adjoining property which would present a significant exposure hazard.
2. There shall be no structures or occupancies on immediately adjoining
property which would constitute a serious exposure hazard to the terminal.
3. The terminal property shall be sufficiently large that dock or vehicle
storage areas containing explosives shall be a minimum of 50 feet from any
structure on adjoining property.
4. Adequate access to adjoining streets shall be provided to and from the
terminal property. Local routes between terminals and deviations from
state approved routes shall be prescribed by the chief.
5. Explosives shall be kept in vehicles to the greatest extent possible.During
transferring or loading operations, the explosives should remain on the
ground or on docks for as short a time as possible.
6. Specific areas of docks shall be designated for the temporary"storage"of
explosives during loading or transferring operations.A minimum distance
shall be specified and maintained between this designated area and all other
206
1988 EDITION 77.303-77.305
materials on the dock.Combustible storage and particularly flammable or
combustible liquids shall be kept at the greatest possible distance from this
designated area.
7. At all times,a watchman or guard shall be on duty on the terminal property,
and he shall be capable of driving all equipment in the area.At times when
there are a substantial number of vehicles carrying explosives in the
terminal,additional persons capable of driving shall be provided.
8. Adequate security against unauthorized persons' entering the terminal
shall be provided. In metropolitan areas, this will require a fence and
adequate gates.
9. The terminal shall be adequately lighted for normal observation of all
vehicles containing explosives.
10. Adequate fire-protection appliances shall be provided for the loading dock
near the designated explosives area and near parked vehicles.
11. A specific area of the terminal property shall be designated for vehicles
containing explosives.
12. Vehicles containing any special inherent hazard, such as mechanical
refrigeration equipment,shall be kept separated from the area designated
for the parking of explosives vehicles.
13. Shipments of explosives shall be transported without unnecessary delay,
keeping the explosives in the terminal an absolute minimum length of time,
not to exceed 48 hours,excluding Sundays and holidays.
Blasting Agents,General
Sec.77.304. (a)Except when subject to U.S. Department of Transportation
regulations,blasting agents shall be stored,handled and used in the same manner
as explosives.
(b) Any ammonium nitrate stored at a closer distance to the blasting agent
storage area than as provided in(c)below shall be added to the quantity of blasting
agents to calculate the total quantity involved for application of Table No.77.201.
(c) Minimum intraplant separation distances between mixing units and the
ammonium nitrate storage areas and blasting agents storage areas shall be in
conformity with Table No.77.201,Note 13.
Mixing Blasting Agents
Sec.77.305. (a)Buildings or other facilities used for mixing blasting agents
shall be located away from inhabited buildings, passenger railways and public
highways,in accordance with the provisions of Table No.77.201.
(b) Not more than eight hours' production of blasting agents or the limit
determined by Table No.77.201,whichever is less,shall be permitted in or near
the building or other facility used for mixing blasting agents. Larger quantities
shall be stored in magazines.
(c)Buildings or other facilities used for the mixing of blasting agents shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with the Building Code.
207
77.305-77.401 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(d)Compounding and mixing of recognized formulations of blasting agents
shall be conducted in accordance with nationally recognized good practice.
(e)Smoking or open flames shall not be permitted in or within 50 feet of any
building or facility used for the mixing of blasting agents.
(f)Empty oxidizer bags shall be disposed of daily in a manner approved by the
chief.
Transportation of Blasting Agents
Sec.77.306.Vehicles transporting blasting agents not subject to U.S.Depart-
ment of Transportation regulations shall comply with all requirements of Section
77.302 except that they shall be marked or placarded on both sides,front and rear,
with the words BLASTING AGENTS in letters not less than 4 inches in height
and approximately a 5/8-inch stroke on a contrasting background.
Seizure of Explosives and Blasting Agents
Sec.77.307.The chief may seize,take,remove or cause to be removed at the
expense of the owner all explosives, ammunition or blasting agents offered or
exposed for sale,stored,possessed or transported in violation of this article.
Division IV
MANUFACTURING,ASSEMBLING AND TESTING
Manufacturing,Assembling and Testing
Sec. 77.401. Any person planning to manufacture, assemble, test or load
explosives,ammunition,blasting agents or fireworks shall furnish to the chief the
following information:
1. The exact location of the place of manufacture.
2. The kind or kinds of explosives,ammunition,blasting agents or fireworks
to be manufactured or processed and the property of hazardous materials to
be used.
3. The names and addresses of individual owners, partners or officers of a
corporation.
4. A map of the operating premises with the operating buildings indicated in
which greater than one pound of explosives is manufactured,handled,used
or stored.The maximum amount of explosives greater than one pound to be
used in each building, number of persons in each operating building,
barricade locations and dimensions and the location and capacity of stor-
age magazines.
5. This article shall not be construed as applying to,or prohibiting the mixture
of,blasting agents such as nitrocarbonitrate or ammonium nitrate-fuel oil
in the loading area,provided all necessary safety precautions are taken.
6. A copy of the general safety rules which the manufacturer will enforce,
including plans for emergency procedures in the event of fire or explosion.
208
1988 EDITION 77.402-77.406
Plans of Plant
Sec.77.402.A copy of the plans of the plant shall be kept in the office on the
premises of each explosive,ammunition,blasting agents or fireworks manufac-
turing plant and shall be made available to the chief or his authorized representa-
tive upon request.
lWning
Sec.77.403. Workmen who handle explosives or explosive charges shall be
instructed in the hazards of the materials and processes in which they are to be
engaged and with the safety rules governing such materials and processes.
Emergency Procedure
Sec.77.404.Emergency procedures shall be formulated for each plant which
will include personal instruction in any emergency that may be anticipated. All
personnel shall be made aware of an emergency warning signal.
Intraline Distance
See.77.405.This distance is the minimum permitted between any two build-
ings within one operating line. Intraline distances are also used for separating
certain specified areas,buildings and locations even though actual line operations
are not involved.Intraline distance separation is expected to protect explosives in
buildings from propagation detonation due to blast effects but not against the
possibility of propagation detonation due to fragments.
Intraline Separation of Operating Buildings
Sec.77.406. (a)All mass detonating explosives Class A and fireworks man-
ufacturing buildings, including those where explosive charges are assembled,
manufactured, prepared or loaded, shall be separated from all other buildings,
including magazines,within the confines of the manufacturing plant at a distance
not less than those shown in the following Table No.77.406 when the buildings
are barricaded.
(b)When a building or magazine containing explosives is not barricaded,the
intraline distances shown shall be doubled.
TABLE NO.77.406—MINIMUM INTRALINE SEPARATION BETWEEN
BARRICADED OPERATING BUILDINGS CONTAINING CLASS A EXPLOSIVES
OR FIREWORKS MANUFACTURING
EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS MINIMUM EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS MINIMUM
IN P UNDS DISTANCE IN POUNDS DISTANCE
Over Not over IN FEET Over Not Over IN FEET
50 30 20,000 25,060 265
50 100 40 25,000 30,000 280
100 200 50 30,000 35*000 295
200, 300 60 35,000 40,000 310
300 400 65 40,000 45,000 320
400 500 70 45,000 50,000 330
500 600 75 50,000 55,000 340
(Continued)
209
77.406-77.407 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.77.406-MINIMUM INTRALINE SEPARATION BETWEEN
BARRICADED OPERATING BUILDINGS CONTAINING CLASS A EXPLOSIVES
OR FIREWORKS MAN UFACTURIN"Continued)
EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS MINIMUM EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS MINIMUM
U DS DISTANCE IN POUNDS DISTANCE
Over Not Over IN FEET Over Not Over IN FEET
600 700 80 55,000 60,000 350
700 800 85 60,000 65,000 360
800 900 90 65,000 70,000 370
900 1,000 95 70,000 75,000 385
1,000 1,500 105 75,000 80,000 390
1,500 2,000 115 80,000 85,000 395
2,000 3,000 130 85,000 90,000 400
3,000 4,000 140 90,000 95,000 410
4,000 5,000 150 95,000 100,000 415
5,000 6,000 160 100,000 125,000 450
6,000 7,000 170 125,000 150,000 475
7,000 8,000 180 150,000 175,000 500
8,000 9,000 190 175,000 200,000 525
9,000 10,000 200 200,000 225,000 550
10,000 15,000 225 225,000 250,000 575
15,000 20,000 245
Operation-Buildings and Equipment
Sec.77.407.(a)Operating buildings or rooms in which more than 50 pounds of
explosives or fireworks are present at any time shall be constructed with at least
one wall of explosion-relief type.The relief wall shall be placed so as to be of least
hazard to workmen in adjacent buildings.
(b)When explosive venting is required,the venting area will be calculated on 1
square foot for each 35 cubic feet of building or room area.
(c)All rooms or buildings shall have adequate aisle space and at least two exits
separated from each other by a distance equal to not less than one half of the length
of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the room or area served measured
in a straight line between exits. Openings in fire walls shall be equipped with
approved,self-closing fire doors.All exit doors shall open in the direction of exit
travel and be equipped with panic hardware.
EXCEPTION:Cubicles 100 square feet or less and occupied by not more than
two persons working within 12 feet of an unobstructed passageway may have one
exit.
(d) All electrical wiring and equipment shall be acceptable for the hazard
involved and installed in accordance with requirements for wiring and equipment
in hazardous locations.
(e) Effective bonding and grounding means shall be provided to prevent
accumulation of static charges where static charges are a hazard.
(f)Explosives dust shall not be exhausted to the atmosphere. Where vacuum
dust-collection systems are used, they shall comply with the following
requirements:
210
1988 EDITION 77.407-77.408
1. Adequate filters must be installed between the source vacuum and the point
of pickup to prevent explosives from entering the vacuum pump or exhauster.
2. The explosive dust-collection system shall be designed to prevent pinch
points—threaded fittings exposed to the hazardous dust and sharp turns, dead
ends,pockets,etc., in which explosives may lodge and accumulate outside the
collecting chamber.
3. The entire vacuum collection system shall be made electrically continuous
and be grounded to a maximum resistance of 5 ohms.
4. Chambers in which the dusts are collected shall not be located in the
operating area unless adequate shields for the maximum quantity of material in
the collector are furnished for personal protection.
EXCEPTION:Wet-dust-type collectors.
5. More than two rooms may not be serviced by a common connection toga
vacuum collection chamber. Where interconnections are used, means shall be
employed to prevent propagation of an incident by way of the collection piping.
6. When collecting the more sensitive explosives such as black powder, lead
azide or other high-energy materials,a"wet"collector which moistens the dust
close to the point of intake and maintains the dust wet until removed for disposal
shall be used.Wetting agents shall be compatible with the explosives.
7. Explosive dusts shall be removed from the collection chamber as often as
necessary to prevent overloading.The entire system shall be cleaned at a frequen-
cy that will eliminate hazardous concentrations of explosive dusts in pipes,
tubing,and/or ducts.
(g) Squirrel cage blowers shall not be used for exhausting hazardous fumes,
vapors or gases.Only nonferrous fan blades shall be used for fans located within
the ductwork and through which hazardous materials are exhausted.Motors shall
be located outside the duct.
(h)Work stations for small amounts of explosives(less than one pound)shall be
separated by distance,barrier or other means so that fire in one station will not
ignite material in the next work station.When necessary,each operator shall be
protected by a personnel shield located between the operator and the explosive
device or explosive material being processed.This shield and its support shall be a
tested design to withstand a blast from the maximum amount of explosives
allowed behind it.
Explosive Operations
Sec.77.408.(a)When the type of material and processing warrants,mechan-
ical operations involving explosives in excess of one pound shall be carried on at
isolated stations or at intraline distances,and machinery shall be controlled from
remote locations behind substantial barricades or at intraline separations so that
workmen may remain at a safe distance while machinery is operating.
(b) The working area where the screening, grinding, blending and other
processing of static-sensitive explosives or pyrotechnic materials is done shall be
maintained above 20 percent relative humidity. If the relative humidity drops
below 20 percent, the above operations shall be stopped and secured until the
211
77.408-77.409 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
relative humidity can be raised above 20 percent.It is desirable to keep the relative
humidity above 20 to 30 percent,except where metal powders are involved,and
then the relative humidity shall be between 50 and 60 percent.
(cj Means shall be provided and used to discharge static electricity from hand
trucks, buggies and similar equipment before they enter buildings containing
static-sensitive explosives.It is recommended that conductive wheels,including
metal wheels which could not cause sparks,be used on such equipment.
(d)Bulk explosives shall be kept in covered containers when not being used or
processed.Explosives shall not be stored or transported in open containers.
(e)The quantity of explosive materials at any particular work station shall be
limited to that posted on the load limit signs,and not to exceed four hours'supply
of material or four hours'supply of product,except that when this quantity would
introduce a serious hazard,such quantities shall be limited to a lesser amount.
(f)Appropriate receptacles with covers shall be provided for each station for
disposing of waste material and debris.These waste receptacles shall be emptied
and cleaned as often as necessary but not less than once each day or at the end of
each shift.
(g) General safety rules and operating instructions governing the particular
operation or process carried on at that location shall be available at each station.
The rules shall include requirements for bonding and grounding, permissible
cleaning agents to use and other precautions deemed necessary for safe operation.
(h)Personnel and explosive limits shall be posted.
(i)Regular maintenance and repair work shall not be permitted in an explosive
building until explosives are removed and the area is made safe. This does not
prohibit minor adjustments or emergency repairs to secure immediate safety.
0)Spilled or dropped explosives shall be cleaned up at once.
(k)Shipping containers,cleaning rags and other materials contaminated with
explosives shall be removed daily and disposed of in a safe manner.
(1) Fireworks, explosives or explosive charges shall not be stored near any
source of heat.
Location of Explosive Detonations for Testing
Sec.77.409. (a)Detonation or ignition of explosive charges or fireworks for
testing shall be done only in a location so isolated by distance in accordance with
the Quantity and Distance Table No.77.201,or where barriers shall be provided
that will protect any person connected with the test.
(b)Adequate shelter or distance shall be provided to protect employees detonat-
ing explosives.
(c) When tests are being conducted or explosives are being detonated, only
authorized persons shall be present. Areas where explosives are regularly or
frequently detonated or burned shall be fenced and posted with adequate warning
signs. Adequate warning devices shall be used before burning or detonating
explosives to warn persons who might approach from any direction that they are
approaching a danger zone.
212
1988 EDITION 77.410
Disposal of Waste Explosives and Fireworks
Sec. 77.410. (a) Sites for destruction of explosives shall be located at the
maximum practicable safe distance from inhabited buildings,public highways,
operating buildings and all other exposures.The separation shall be not less than
the inhabited building distance (see Table No. 77.201). When possible, barri-
cades shall be utilized between the site and inhabited buildings.
(b)Provision shall be made so scrap explosive material will not be placed in any
bum location until at least 48 hours after the last fines have gone out.
(c)A blasting shelter shall be provided near the bum area for emergency use.
•
213
76.101-78.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 78
FIREWORKS
Definition
Sec.78.101.For definition of FIREWORKS,see Section 9.108.
Permits for Manufacturing,Sale and Discharge
�9�,AB11 Sec.78.102.(a)The manufacture of fireworks within the jurisdictional area is
Y1 prohibited except under special permits as are required by local and state regula-
tions.See Section 4.108.
(b) Except as hereinafter provided, it shall be unlawful for any person to
possess,store,to offer for sale,expose for sale,sell at retail or use or explode any
fireworks,provided that the chief shall have power to adopt reasonable rules and
regulations for the granting of permits for supervised public displays of fireworks
by a jurisdiction,fair associations,amusement parks,other organizations or for
the use of fireworks by artisans in pursuit of their trade.Every such use or display
shall be handled by a competent operator approved by the chief and shall be of
such character and so located,discharged or fired so as,in the opinion of the chief
after proper investigation, not to be hazardous to property or endanger any
person.
(c)Applications for permits shall be madein writing at least 10 days in advance
of the date of the display.After such privilege shall be granted,sale,possession,
use and distribution of fireworks for such display shall be lawful for that purpose
only.No permit granted hereunder shall be transferable.
Bond for Fireworks Display Required
Sec.78.103.The permittee shall furnish a bond or certificate of insurance in an
amount deemed adequate by the chief for the payment of all damages which may
be caused either to a person or persons or to property by reason of the permitted
display and arising from any acts of the permittee, his agents, employees or
subcontractors.
Disposal of Unfired Fireworks
Sec.78.104.Any fireworks that remain unfired after the display is concluded
shall be immediately disposed of in a way safe for the particular type of fireworks
remaining.
Exception
Sec. 78.105.Nothing in this article shall be construed to prohibit the use of
fireworks by railroads or other transportation agencies for signal purposes of
illumination,or the sale or use of blank cartridges for a show or theater,or for
signal or ceremonial purposes in athletics or sports or for use by military
organizations.
Seizure of Fireworks
Sec.78.106.The chief shall seize,take,remove or cause to be removed at the
expense of the owner all stocks of fireworks offered or exposed for sale,stored or
held in violation of this article.
214AMENa OJa ®�V'
Section 78.101, page 214. Add a definition as follows:
SPECIAL EFFECTS are pyrotechnic explosive materials commonly
used in motion picture, television, theatrical or group
entertainment production for which a permit from the chief is
required for purchase, use or storage.
Article 78, Division II, page 214. Add a division as follows:
DIVISION II
SPECIAL EFFECTS IN MOTION PICTURE,
TELEVISION, THEATRICAL AND GROUP
ENTERTAINMENT PRODUCTION
SCOPE
Section 78.201. This division applies to the temporary
storage, use and handling of pyrotechnic special effect
materials used in motion picture, television, theatrical and
group entertainment production. Permanent storage of
pyrotechnic special effect material shall be in accordance with
Article 77.
SPECIAL EFFECTS EXPLOSIVE STORAGE
Section 78.202. Special effect which are low
explosives may be stored within a Type 4 magazine. Class C
common fireworks shall be stored in compliance with the
requirements of the chief. Detonators that will not mass
detonate shall be stored in a separate magazine. However,
electric squibs, safety fuse, igniters, and igniter cord may
also be stored within the same magazine with detonators.
Storage of special effects within a building shall not
exceed 50 pounds of explosive material. Such storage shall be
within Type 2 or 4 magazine.
-214.1
Special effects which are to be stored outdoors shall be
in a Type 2 or 4 magazine. Special effects which are
classified as high explosives, including detonating cord or
detonators that will mass detonate(e.g., fuse cap), must be
stored within a Type 2 magazine. When a Type 4 magazine is
used for outdoor storage, such outdoor storage shall be in a
constantly attended located or, if unattended, shall have
wheels removed or the magazine immobilized by kingpin locking
devices or by other approved security measures. When a
quantity in excess of 50 pounds of explosive material is stored
outside a building, the storage is subject to the requirements
of the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives.
A Type 2 magazine does not require an attendant.
Special effect necessary for one day's work maybe
stored, while attended, in a Type 3 magazine.
RESPONSIBILITY
Section 78.203. The company or producer shall
designate to the chief the name of the special effects
pyrotechnic operator who shall have the authority and
responsibility and be in charge of handling all special
effects. The company or producer shall allocate sufficient
time to the special effects pyrotechnic operator to prepare for
the transportation, packing, storing, daily securing, disposing
of or otherwise handling special effects in a safe manner. The
/ authority of the special effects pyrotechnic operator is not to
be assumed by anyone and .his authority can be superseded only
by the chief.
USE OF SPECIAL EFFECTS
Section 78.204. Special effects shall be kept in the
required type of storage magazine and shall be removed only for
actual use at which time a day box shall be used. Only that
amount needed for immediate use shall be removed from a day box.
The safe use of special effects shall, upon request of
the chief, be demonstrated prior to use.
1
214.2
The use of special effects is further subject to the
judgment of the special effects pyrotechnic operator in charge.
All onlookers must be kept at a safe distance from the
location where the special effects are discharged.
When special effects are fired within a building, in the
presence of other than employees, the quantity of smoke
developed shall not be of such a density that visibility of
exit signs or paths of egress travel are obscured. When
members of the public are not present, the permissible density
of smoke shall be the responsibility of the special effects
pyrotechnic operator.
When special effects are fired within a building,
provisions shall be made, when deemed necessary by the chief,
to confine smoke to an approved area and to cause smoke to be
removed from within the building.
In group entertainment productions, when binary
explosives (each component is safe for storage and
transportation and neither is classified as an explosive) are
used, the compounding is to be done by a pyrotechnic operator
having a permit from the chief. Firing is to be subject to the
/ conditions described in the permit.
Surplus materials shall be properly stored until they
can disposed of in a safe manner.
OTHER EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
Section 78.205. If explosive materials are to be used which
do not meet the definition of special effects, such usage is
subject to all requirements of Article 77.
214.3
1988 EDITION 79.101
ARTICLE 79
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Division I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Scope
Sec.79.101.(a)General.The storage,use,dispensing and mixing of flamma-
ble and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this article, except as
otherwise provided in other laws or regulations.This article also applies specifi-
cally to all flammable and combustible liquids as defined in Section 79.102,
except those that are solid at 100*E or above. When heated,sprayed or mixed,
Class I1 or Class III liquids may assume the characteristics of lower flash point
liquids. Under such conditions the appropriate provisions of this article for the 4
actual flash point shall apply.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. The transportation of flammable and combustible liquids =�
when in conformity with the Department of Transportation(DOT)regulations on
file with and approved by the Department of Transportation.
m
2. Alcoholic beverages in retail sales or storage uses,provided the liquids are
packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters.
3.Medicines,foodstuffs and cosmetics,containing not more than 50 percent by
volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being
flammable,in retail sales or storage uses when packaged in individual containers not
exceeding 4 liters.
4. Storage and use of fuel-oil tanks and containers connected with oil-burning
equipment.Such storage and use shall comply with Article 61 and the Mechanical
Code.
5. Liquids without flash points that can be flammable under some conditions,
such as certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated
hydrocarbons.
6. Mists, sprays or foams except flammable aerosols in containers as may be
included under Division II.
(b) Liquids With Unusual Burning Characteristics. Additional require-
ments may be necessary for the safe storage and use of liquids which have unusual
burning characteristics,which are subject to self-ignition when exposed to the air,
which are highly reactive with other substances,which are subject to explosive
decomposition,or have other special properties which dictate safeguards over and
above those specified for a normal liquid of similar flash point classification.See
Article 80.
(c)Alternate Materials or Methods.In particular installations,the provisions
of this article may be altered in accordance with Section 2.301 at the discretion of
the chief after consideration of the special features such as topographical condi-
tions, barricades, walls, adequacy of building exits, nature of occupancies,
proximity to buildings or adjoining property and character of construction of such
buildings,capacity and construction of proposed tank and character of liquids to
215
79.101-79.102 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
be stored,nature of process,degree of private fire protection to be provided and
the adequacy of facilities of the fire department to cope with flammable and
combustible liquid fires.
Definitions
Sec. 79.102. (a) General. For definition of AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC
TANK; AUTOMATIC FIRE CHECK; BOILING POINT; BOILOVER;
CLOSED CONTAINER;COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID;DIP TANKS;DISPENS-
ING DISTILLERY; FIRE POINT; FLASH POINT; FLAME ARRESTER;
FLAMMABLE LIQUID;LABELED;LIQUID;LIQUID, UNSTABLE(Reac-
tive); LISTED; LOW-PRESSURE TANK; MARINE SERVICE STATION;
MERCANTILE OCCUPANCY; SERVICE STATION, AUTOMOTIVE;
VAPOR-BALANCE SYSTEM; VAPOR-PROCESSING SYSTEM; VAPOR-
PROCESSING UNIT; VAPOR-RECOVERY SYSTEM and VAPOR-
TRANSFER EQUIPMENT,see Article 9.
(b) Limited Application. For the purpose of this article, certain terms and
words are defined as follows:
CHEMICAL PLANT is a plant or that portion of a plant other than a refinery
or distillery where flammable or combustible liquids are produced by chemical
reactions or used in chemical reactions.
CONDENSATE TANK is a tank which is installed in the vapor-return piping
of a vapor-recovery system to collect condensed gasoline.All such tanks shall be
capable of being emptied of liquids without opening.
CONTAINER is any vessel of 60 U.S. gallons or less capacity used for
transporting or storing flammable or combustible liquids.
INSIDE USE,DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOM.See Section 79.804.
LIQUID STORAGE ROOM is a room classified as a Group H,Division 3
Occupancy that has an exterior wall and which is used for the storage of limited
quantities of liquids.
LIQUID STORAGE ROOM,INSIDE, is a room classified as a Group H,
Division 3 Occupancy that does not have an exterior wall,is limited in size and in
which the storage quantities of liquids are limited.
LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE is a Group H, Division 3 Occupancy
used only for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids in unlimited
quantities.
MIXING is the combining, blending or bringing together within the same
container, tank or vessel flammable or combustible liquids or other materials
whereby flammable vapors may be liberated to the atmosphere.
PORTABLE TANK is any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S.
gallons and not intended for fixed installation.
STORAGE is the keeping,retention or leaving of flammable or combustible
liquids in closed containers,tanks or similar vessels.
USE is the placing in action or service flammable or combustible liquids
whereby flammable vapors may be liberated to the atmosphere.
216
1988 EDITION 79.103-79.104
Permits
Sec.79.103.For permits to store or use flammable or combustible liquids,see
Section 4.108.
Portable Tanks,Containers and Equipment
Sec.79.104. (a) General. Portable tanks, containers and equipment used or
intended to be used for the storage, use or sale of flammable or combustible
liquids shall be of an approved type. Containers and portable tanks shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards or
U.FC. Standard No. 79-5. See Section 2.303 (b). The capacity of individual
containers and portable tanks for liquids shall conform to Table No.79.104.
TABLE NO.79.104—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SIZE OF CONTAINERS AND .
PORTABLE TANKS
COMBUSTIBLE
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS LIQUIDS
CONTAINER TYPE Class I-A Class I-B Class l-C Class II Class III
Glass 1 pt. 1 qt. 1 gal. I gal. 5 gal.
Metal or approved
plastic 1 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal.
Safety Cans 2 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal.
Metal Drum 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal.
Approved Portable
Tanks 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal.
Polyethylene 60 gal. 60 gal.
NOTES:
1. Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs and cosmetics, when packaged according to
_ commonly accepted practices for retail sales,are exempted.
2. Class I-A and Class I-B liquids may be stored in glass containers of not more than 1
gallon capacity if the required liquid purity(such as American Chemical Society
analytical reagent grade or higher)would be affected by storage in metal containers
or if the liquid would cause excessive corrosion of the metal container.
3. Polyethylene containers meeting the requirements of.the standard referenced in
Section 2.303(b)may be used.
(b)Portable hank Emergency Venting.Each portable tank shall be provided
with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emergency venting
capacity to limit internal pressure under fire-exposure conditions to 10 psig or 30
percent of the bursting pressure of the tank,whichever is greater.The total venting
capacity shall be not less than that specified in Section 79.509(b)1 or 79.509(b)
3.At least one pressure-actuated vent having a minimum capacity of 6000 cubic
feet of free air per hour(14.7 psia and 60°F.)shall be used.It shall be set to open at
-ma, not less than 5 psig.If fusible vents are used,they shall be actuated by elements
that operate at a temperature not exceeding 300°F.When-used for paints,drying
oils and similar materials where plugging of the pressure-actuated vent can occur,
fusible vents or vents of the type that soften to failure at a maximum of 300°F.
under fire exposure may be used for the entire emergency venting requirement.
217
79.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Design and Construction of Tanks
Sec. 79.105. (a)Materials. Tanks shall be designed and built in accordance
with recognized good engineering standards for the material of construction being
used with the following limitations and exceptions:
1. The material of tank construction shall be compatible with the liquid to be
stored. The chief may require that evidence be submitted to substantiate
that the properties of the liquid are compatible with the tank.
2. Tanks constructed of combustible materials shall be subject to the approval
of the chief and limited to:
A. Installation underground,or
B. Use where required by the properties of the liquid stored,or
C. Storage of Class III-B liquids aboveground in areas not exposed to a
spill or leak of Class I or Class lI liquid,or
D. Storage of Class III-B liquids inside a building protected by an ap-
proved automatic fire-extinguishing system.
3. Unlined concrete tanks may be used for storing liquids having a gravity of
40 degrees API or heavier.Concrete tanks with special linings may be used
for other services,provided the design is in accordance with sound engi-
neering practice.See also Section 79.502.
4. Tanks may have combustible or noncombustible linings.
5. Special engineering consideration shall be used if the specific gravity of the
liquid to be stored exceeds that of water or if the tank is designed to contain
liquids at a liquid temperature below WE
(b) Fabrication. Tanks may be of any shape or type consistent with sound
engineering design.
(c)Atmospheric Tanks.Atmospheric tanks shall be built in accordance with
recognized standards of design.See Section 2.303(b).
Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels may be used as atmospheric tanks.
Atmospheric tanks shall not be used for the storage of a liquid at a temperature at
or above its boiling point.
(d)Low-pressure Tanks.The normal_operating pressure of the tank shall not
exceed the design pressure of the tank.
Low-pressure tanks shall be built in accordance with recognized standards of
design.See Section 2.303(b).
Tanks regulated in Subsection(c)above may be used for operating pressures
not exceeding 1 psig and shall be limited to 2.5 psig under emergency venting
conditions.
Pressure vessels may be used as low-pressure tanks.
(e) Pressure Vessels. The normal operating pressure of the vessel shall not
exceed the design pressure of the vessel.
Except where otherwise approved by the chief, fired and unfired pressure
vessels shall be designed and constructed in accordance with nationally recog-
nized standards of design.See Section 2.303(b).
218
1988 EDITION 79.106-79.112
Change of Contents
Sec.79.106.A change in the contents of a tank shall be in conformance with
the requirements of Section 79.105.Prior to a change in contents,the chief may
require testing of a tank.
Underground tanks shall not contain petroleum products containing mixtures
of a nonpetroleum nature without evidence of compatibility. This shall include
ethanol or methanol blends.
Warning Labels
Sec.79.107. Warning labels shall conform with the Federal Hazardous Sub-
stance Labeling Act and applicable state laws.All flammable liquids,flammable
and liquid compounds or mixtures manufactured, packaged or offered for sale
shall be conspicuously marked or labeled in easily legible type which is in contrast
by typography,layout or color with any other printed matter on the label.
EXCEPTION:Foods,drugs or cosmetics subject to the Federal Food,Drug and
Cosmetic Act.
Warning Signs
Sec.79.108. (a)General.The chief may require warning signs as he deems
necessary for the purpose of pointing out the hazards of storing or using flamma-
ble liquids.
(b)Style.Warning signs shall be of a durable material with red lettering on a
white background and shall read DANGER—FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.Letters
shall be not less than 3 inches in height and 1/2 inch in stroke.
(c)Location.Signs shall be posted in locations as directed by the chief.
Tank Identification
Sec. 79. 109. Aboveground storage tanks over 100 gallons (water capacity)
permanently installed,mounted or affixed and used for the storage of Class I,II or
III-A liquids shall bear the label or placard in accordance with U.F.C. Standard
No.79-3,identifying the material therein.
AmEN�y EXCEPTION:Tanks of 300-gallon capacity or less located on private property
Am
"`Ld used for heating and cooking fuels in single-family dwellings need not be
marked.
Operating Heating,Lighting and Cooking Appliances
Sec. 79.110. Heating, lighting or cooking appliances which utilize Class I
liquids shall not be operated within a building or structure.
EXCEPTION: Single-family dwelling.
Unlawful Sales of Flammable Liquids
Sec.79.111.It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or offer for sale Class I or
Class II liquids with a flash point of 110°F. or less for the express purpose of
"S domestic cleaning.
Cleaning with Flammable Liquid
Sec.79.112.Class I liquids and Class II liquids with a flashpoint below I IWE
shall not be used within a building for washing parts or removing grease or dirt
219
79.112-79.115 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
unless they are used in a closed machine approved for the purpose or in a separate
well-ventilated room constructed in accordance with Section 79.804.
Waste Petroleum Products and Flammable or Combustible Liquids
Sec.79.113.Flammable or combustible liquids or any waste liquid containing
crude.petroleum or its products shall not be discharged into or upon any street,
highway, drainage canal or ditch, storm drain, sewer or flood-control channel,
lake or tidal waterway,or upon the ground.
Sources of Ignition
Sec.79.114.In locations where flammable vapors may be present,precautions
shall be taken to prevent ignition by eliminating or controlling sources of ignition.
Abandonment and Status of Tanks
Sec.79.115.(a)General.Tanks taken out of service as a result of a property's
being abandoned or its use changed shall be removed in accordance with the
provisions of Subsections (e) and(f) of this section, notwithstanding the time
€ schedules stipulated. On all other properties,tanks taken out of service shall be
safeguarded or removed in accordance with this section.
(b)Permits.For permits to remove,abandon,place temporarily out of service
or otherwise dispose of any flammable or combustible liquid tank, see Section
4.108.
(c)Tanks Temporarily Out of Service.1.Underground tanks.Underground
tanks temporarily out of service shall have the fill line,gage opening,vapor return
and pump connection secured against tampering.Vent lines shall remain open and
be maintained in accordance with the requirements of this article for vent lines.
2. Aboveground tanks.Aboveground tanks temporarily out of service shall
have all connecting lines isolated from the tank and secured against tampering.
Vents shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with the requirements of
this article for vents.
(d)Tanks Out of Service 90 Days. 1.Underground tanks.Any underground
tank not used for a period of 90 days shall be properly safeguarded or removed in a
manner approved by the chief.
A. Maintaining tanks. Tanks shall be safeguarded in accordance with the
following:
(i) Remove all flammable or combustible liquids from the tank,and
(ii) Cap or plug all piping,including fill line,gage opening,vapor return and
pump connection,and secure against tampering,and
(iii) Vent lines shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with require-
ments of this article for vent lines.
Tanks which are to be placed back in service shall be tested in a manner
approved by the chief.
B. Removing tanks.Tanks shall be removed as follows:
(i) Remove all flammable or combustible liquid from the tank and connecting
piping,and
220
Section 79.105(b), page 218. Revise as follows:
(b) FABRICATION. Tanks may be of any shape or type
consistent with sound engineering design. For test leads on
steel tanks and piping located underground, see Division VI.
17.56.180 Section 79.109 amended -- Tank Identification.
Section 79.109 is amended by deleting the exception.
219.1
1988 EDITION 79.115-79.201
(ii) Disconnect piping at all tank openings,and
(iii) Remove sections of connected piping which are not to be used further and
cap or plug all tank openings.
(iv) The tank shall be gas freed or inerted prior to removal.
2. Aboveground tanks. Any aboveground tank not used for a period of 90
days shall be properly safeguarded in accordance with Subsection(c)2 or shall be
removed from the property in a manner approved by the chief.
(e)Aboveground Tanks Out of Service One Year. Any aboveground tank
which has been out of service for a period of one year shall be removed from the
property in a manner approved by the chief.
EXCEPTION:Tanks located at refineries,bulk plants and terminals that are in
operation.
(f) Underground Tanks Out of Service One Year. Any underground tank
which has been out of service for a period of one year shall be removed from the
ground in a manner approved by the chief and the site restored in an acceptable
manner.When the chief determines that the removal of the tank is not necessary,
he may permit the tank to be abandoned in place. _
Tanks shall be removed from the ground in accordance with Subsection(d)1 B.
Tanks shall be abandoned in place as follows:
1. Remove all flammable or combustible liquids from the tank and from all
connected piping,and
2. Disconnect the suction,inlet,gage,vapor return,and vapor lines,and =
3. Fill the tank completely with an inert solid material approved by the chief,
and '-
4. Cap or plug remaining underground piping,and
5. Retain a record of tank size,location and date of abandonment.
(g)Reinstallation of Underground Tanks.Tanks which are to be reinstalled
for flammable or combustible liquid service shall comply with all of the provi-
sions of this article.See Division VI of this article.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.116.Fire protection for the storage,transportation and dispensing of
flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Article 10 except as otherwise
provided in this article.
Division II
CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE INSIDE
BUILDINGS
General
Sec.79.201. (a)Scope.This division shall apply to the storage of flammable
and combustible liquids in drums or other containers not exceeding 60-gallon
individual capacity and the storage of portable tanks not exceeding 660-gallon
221
79.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
individual capacity. For the purpose of this article, flammable aerosols and
unstable liquids shall be treated as Class I-A liquids.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles,aircraft,boats,or
portable or stationary engines.
2. Alcoholic beverages in retail sales or storage uses,provided the liquids are
packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters.
3.Medicines,foodstuffs and cosmetics,containing not more than 50 percent by
volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being
flammable,in retail sales or storage uses when packaged in individual containers not
exceeding 4 liters.
4.The storage of liquids that have no fire point when tested in accordance with
U.F.C.Standard No.9-6.
5.The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks.
Portable tanks exceeding 660 gallons shall comply with Division V.
(b)Reactive Materials.Materials which will react with water or other liquids
to produce a hazard shall not be stored in the same room with flammable or
combustible liquids.
(c)Empty Containers.The storage of empty tanks and containers previously
used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless free from
explosive vapors,shall be as specified for the storage of flammable liquids.Tanks
and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced
in openings.
(d) Storage Near Exits. Class I, II or III-A liquids shall not be stored
(including stock for sale) near exit doorways, stairways, nor in a location that
would impede egress.
(e)Quantities Allowed Within Specified Buildings.Storage of Class I,H or
III-A liquids in buildings in quantities in excess of those listed in this subsection
shall be within inside liquid storage rooms,liquid storage rooms,liquid storage
warehouses, dispensing rooms or mixing rooms constructed as required for
Group H, Division 2 Occupancies. Class I-A liquids shall not be stored in
basement areas.In addition to these requirements,see requirements for permits,
Section 79.103. Amounts permitted shall be stored in approved containers,
approved locations,and shall be limited in accordance with the following:
1. In assembly buildings, hotels, apartment houses, one- and two-family
dwellings and lodging houses,storage is prohibited.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons for maintenance pur-
poses and operation of equipment when stored in approved containers and located in
a private garage or approved locations.
2. Storage in excess of 10 gallons that is used for maintenance purposes and
operation of equipment when stored in cabinets which comply with Section
79.201 (g).
2.Educational,institutional and offices:
(i) Amount limited to that required for maintenance,operations,demonstra-
tion,treatment and laboratory work.
(ii) Storage in excess of 10 gallons shall be in storage cabinets which comply
with Section 79.201 (g).
222
1988 EDITION 79.201
3.Wholesale and retail stores:
(i) In rooms or areas accessible to the public, storage shall be limited to
quantities needed for display and normal merchandising purposes but shall
not exceed 2 gallons per square foot of floor area actually being used for
merchandising Class I-B, I-C, II or III-A liquids. Storage of Class I-A
liquids shall be prohibited in basements and limited to 1 gallon per square
foot on other floors.
EXCEPTION:In areas not protected with automatic sprinklers installed in
accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 for extra-hazardous occupancy, the
storage of Classes I-B,I-C and II liquids other than on the ground floor shall be
limited to 1 gallon per square foot of floor area actually being used for merchandis-
ing liquids.
The maximum quantity permitted shall be determined by using only that
floor area actually occupied by liquid merchandise, including any con-
tiguous aisle space.
The manner of storage shall be in accordance with Subsection(f)of this
section.Dispensing shall be in accordance with Division VIII.
(ii) In rooms or areas not accessible to the public,storage shall not exceed the
greater of 2 gallons per square foot of floor area actually being used for the
storage of Class I-B,I-C,II or III-A liquids,or 120 gallons of Class I-B,
180 gallons of Class I-C,240 gallons of Class II or 660 gallons of Class III-
A liquids,or 240 gallons in any combination of Class I and Class II liquids,
subject to the limitations of the individual class. Storage of Class I-A
liquids shall be prohibited in basements and limited to 1 gallon per square
foot or 60 gallons,whichever is greater,on other floors.
EXCEPTION:In areas not protected with automatic sprinklers installed in
accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 for extra-hazardous occupancy, the
storage of Classes I-B,I-C and II liquids other than on the ground floor shall be
limited to 1 gallon per square foot of floor area actually being used for merchandis-
ing liquids.
The maximum quantity permitted shall be determined by using only that
floor area actually occupied by liquid merchandise, including any con-
tiguous aisle space.
Quantities exceeding these limitations shall be stored in an approved
liquid storage room or liquid warehouse in accordance with Sections
79.202 and 79.203.
The manner of storage shall be in accordance with Subsection(f)of this
section.Dispensing shall be in accordance with Division VIH.
(iii) Classes I, II and III-A liquids in excess of 10 gallons that are used for
maintenance purposes and operation of equipment shall be stored in
` cabinets which comply with Section 79.201(g).
4.Miscellaneous industrial buildings:
(i) Storage shall not exceed 60 gallons of Class I-A, 120 gallons of Class I-B,
180 gallons of Class I-C,240 gallons of Class II or 660 gallons of Class III-
223
79.201 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
A liquids,or 240 gallons in any combination of Class I and Class II liquids,
subject to the limitations of the individual class.
EXCEPTION:Class I-A liquids shall not be stored in basements. j
For water-miscible liquids or for areas protected with automatic sprin-
klers installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 for extra-
hazard occupancies,the quantities may be doubled.
Quantities exceeding these limitations shall be stored in an approved
inside liquid storage room or liquid storage warehouse in accordance with
Section 79.202 or 79.203.
The manner of storage shall be in accordance with Subsection(f)of this
section.Dispensing shall be in accordance with Division VHL
(ii) Classes I, II and III-A liquids in excess of 10 gallons that are used for
maintenance purposes and operation of equipment shall be stored in
cabinets which comply with Section 79.201(g).
(f)Manner of Storage in Wholesale and Retail Stores and Miscellaneous
Industrial Buildings.In wholesale and retail stores and miscellaneous industrial
buildings,liquid storage not exceeding the quantities set forth in Section 79.201
(e), Items Nos. 3 and 4, shall be in accordance with the provisions of this
subsection.
Containers under 30-gallon capacity shall not be stacked more than 3 feet or
two containers high,whichever is greater,unless on fixed shelving or otherwise
satisfactorily secured. Containers over 30 gallons shall not be stored more than
one container high.All containers shall be stored in an upright position.
Shelving shall be of stable construction, of sufficient depth and of such
arrangement that containers displayed thereon will not be easily displaced.
Piles shall be not closer than 3 feet to the nearest beam,chord,girder or other
obstruction and shall be 3 feet below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of
water spray or other overhead fire-protection systems.
In areas that are not accessible to the public,Classes I,II and III-A liquids shall
not be stored in the same pile or rack section as ordinary combustible com-
modities except when they are packaged together as kits.
Leaking containers shall be taken to a safe location in an area not accessible to
the public and the contents transferred to an undamaged container.
(g)Storage Cabinets. 1.General.When provisions of this code require that
liquid containers be stored in storage cabinets,such cabinets and storage shall be
in accordance with this section. Cabinets shall be conspicuously labeled in red
letters on contrasting background FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIRE AWAY.
2. Quantities.The quantity of Class I or Class II liquids shall not exceed 60
gallons and the total quantities of all liquids in a storage cabinet shall not exceed
120 gallons.
3. Construction. Cabinets may be constructed of wood or metal. Cabinets
shall be listed or constructed in accordance with the following:
A.Unlisted metal cabinets.Metal cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness
224
1988 EDITION 79.201-79.203
of not less than 0.643 inch. The cabinet, including the door, shall be double
walled with 1'h-inch airspace between the walls.Joints shall be riveted or welded
and shall be tight fitting.Doors shall be well fitted,self-closing and equipped with
a latching device.The bottom of the cabinet shall be liquid-tight to a height of at
least 2 inches.
B.Wooden cabinets.Wooden cabinets including.the doors shall be of not less
than 1-inch Exterior grade plywood.All joints shall be fastened in two directions
with wood screws. Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and equipped with a
latch. The bottom of the cabinet shall be liquid-tight to a height of at least 2
inches.Cabinets shall be painted with an intumescent-type paint.
4.Location.Not more than three cabinets shall be located in the same room.
EXCEPTION:Cabinets in groups not exceeding three may be located in the
same room,provided they are spaced from other cabinets not less than 100 feet.
Inside Liquid Storage Room
Sec.79.202.(a)General.Inside liquid storage rooms shall comply with all the
requirements of Section 79.203 and this section.
(b)Construction.The construction of inside liquid storage rooms shall be in
accordance with the Building Code for a Group H,Division 3 Occupancy.
(c)Limited Area.Inside liquid storage rooms shall not exceed 500 square feet
in area and shall be separated from other areas by occupancy separations having a
fire-resistive rating not less than one hour for rooms up to 150 square feet in area
and not less than two hours where the room is more than 150 square feet in area.
Separations from other occupancies shall be not less than required by Table No.5-
B of the Building Code.
Liquid Storage Rooms
Sec. 79.203. (a) General. Quantities of liquids exceeding those set forth in
Section 79.201 shall be within a room complying with the requirements of this
section.Such rooms shall be classified as a Group H,Division3 Occupancy.
Liquid storage rooms shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems
installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No.38-1 and Tables Nos.79.200-
C,79.200-D-1 and 79.200-D-2.In-rack sprinklers shall also comply with U.F.C.
Standard No. 81-2.For in-rack sprinklers,alternate lines shall be staggered and
multiple levels of sprinkler heads shall be provided with water shields unless
separated by horizontal barriers or unless the sprinkler heads are listed for such
installations.Racks with solid shelves shall be provided with in-rack sprinklers at
every tier or level.
Automatic foam-water systems and automatic aqueous film-forming foam-
water sprinkler systems may be used when approved by the chief.
All liquid storage rooms shall be provided with adequate drainage. Drainage
systems shall be sized and designed to carry off any anticipated spill, plus the
minimum calculated fire flow of the sprinkler system to a safe location. If
connected to a public drain or sewer system,a clarifier shall be installed.
225
79.203-79.204 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(b)Construction.The construction of liquid storage rooms shall be in accor-
dance with the Building Code and have a minimum of one exterior wall.
(c)Dispensing or Mixing.Liquids shall not be dispensed or mixed in liquid
storage rooms unless such rooms comply with the electrical,heating and ventila-
tion requirements in Division VIII.Rooms in which liquids are used,dispensed or
mixed are classified as Group H,Division 2 Occupancies.
(d)Quantities and Arrangement of Storage.1.General.The quantities and
arrangements of liquid storage shall be in accordance with Table No.79.200-A or
79.200-B,as applicable,and this section.
2.Mixed storage.When two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single
pile or single rack section,the maximum quantities permitted in the pile or rack
section shall be the smallest of the two or more separate maximum quantities.
3. Separation and aisles. Storage shall be arranged in piles or racks in
accordance with Table No.79.200-A or 79.200-B.Piles shall be separated from
each other by at least 4-foot aisles.Aisles shall be provided so that no container is
more than 12 feet from an aisle. Where the storage of liquids is on racks, a
minimum 4-foot-wide aisle shall be provided between adjacent rows of racks and
adjacent storage of liquids.Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 feet wide.Aisles
shall be provided for access to doors,required windows or ventilation openings,
standpipe connections,mechanical equipment,switches,etc.Such aisles may be
3 feet in width,provided they are not required for separation of piles or racks.
4.Stabilizing and supports for storage.Containers and piles shall be sepa-
rated by pallets or dunnage to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress to
container walls.Portable tanks stored over one tier high shall be designed to nest
securely without dunnage. See Section 2.303 (b)for requirements on portable
tank design. Shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay and similar
installations shall be of noncombustible construction or of wood not less than f-
inch nominal thickness. Adequate materials-handling equipment shall be avail-
able to handle tanks safely at upper tier levels.
Liquid Storage Warehouses
Sec.79.204.(a)General.Buildings used for storage of flammable or combus-
tible liquids exceeding the quantities set forth in Section 79.201 or 79.203 shall
comply with the provisions of this section.Such buildings shall be classified as a
Group H,Division 3 Occupancy and shall comply with the requirements of the
Building Code for such occupancy.
(b)Sprinker Systems.Liquid storage warehouses shall be protected by auto-
matic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1
and Tables Nos. 79.200-C, 79.200-D-1, 79.200-D-2 and 79.200-D-3. For in-
rack sprinklers,alternate lines shall be staggered and multiple levels of sprinkler
heads shall be provided with water shields unless separated by horizontal barriers
or unless the sprinkler heads are listed for such installations. Racks with solid
shelves shall be provided with in-rack sprinklers at every tier or level.Automatic
foam-water systems or automatic aqueous film-forming foam-water sprinkler
systems may be used when approved by the chief.
226
1988 EDITION 79.204-29.205
All liquid storage warehouses shall be provided with adequate drainage.
Drainage systems shall be sized and designed to carry off any anticipated spill,
plus the minimum calculated fire flow of the sprinkler system to a safe location.If
connected to a public drain or sewer system,a clarifier shall be installed.
(c)Storage Arrangement.The total quantities of liquids in a liquid storage
warehouse shall not be limited, but the arrangement of storage shall be in
accordance with Table No.79.200-A or 79.200-13,as appropriate.Piles and aisles
shall be in accordance with Section 79.203 (d) 3. Adequate materials-handling
equipment shall be available to handle tanks safely at upper tier levels.
Containers and piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to provide
stability and to prevent excessive stress to container walls.Portable tanks stored
over one tier high shall be designed to nest securely without dunnage.Shelving,
racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay and similar installations shall be of
noncombustible construction or of wood not less than 1-inch nominal thickness.
(d)Mixed Storage.When two or more classes of liquids are stored in a pile,the
maximum quantities permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more
separate maximum quantities,and the height of storage permitted in that pile shall
be the least of the two or more separate heights as given in Table No.79.200-A or
79.200-B, as applicable. When two or more classes of liquids are stored in the
same rack,the maximum height of storage permitted shall be the least of the two
or more separate heights given in Table No.79.200-B.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.205. (a)Portable Fire Extinguishers. 1. Type. Approved portable
fire extinguishers shall be provided as specified by U.F.C. Standard No. 10-1,
except as specified herein.
2.Size and location.At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of
not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 feet nor more than 50 feet from
any Class I or Class II liquid storage area located outside of a liquid storage room.
At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall
be located outside of but not more than 10 feet from the door opening into a liquid
storage room.
(b)Warehouse Hose Lines.In liquid storage warehouses,either 1�h-inch lined
or 1-inch hard rubber hand hose lines installed in accordance with Article 10 shall
be provided in sufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas.
(c)Water Supply.The water supply shall be sufficient to meet the specified
fire-protection demand,including at least 500 gallons per minute for inside and
outside hose lines.
227
N t0
O IJ
O
Q
TABLE NO.78.200-A-STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PALLETIZED OR SOLID-PILE STORAGE D
IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS
MAXIMUM QUANTITY(GALLONS) MAXIMUM QUANTITY SGALLANS)
MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT(FEET) PER PILE PER ROOM
CLASS. STORAGE
LEVEL DRUMS Containers Portable Tanks Containers Portable Tanks Containers . Portable Tanks
Ground floor 1 5 - 3,000 - 12,000 -
I-A Upper floors 1 5 - 2,000 - 8,000 -
Basements 0 Not permitted Not permitted - - - -
Ground floor 1 6�h 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000
I-B Upper floors 1 6�h 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000
Basements 0 Not permitted Not permitted - - - -
Ground floor 1 6�h2 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000
I-C Upper floors 1 6�h2 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000
Basements 0 Not permitted Not permitted - - - -
Ground floor 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000
II Upper floors 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000
Basements 1 5 7 1 7,500 1 20,000 1 7,500 1 20,000
Ground floor 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 c
III Upper floors 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 z
Basements 3 10 7 10,000 20,000 25,000 40,000
'See Section 79.204(a)for unlimited quantities in liquid warehouses.
2These height limitations may be increased to 10 feet if containers have capacity of 5 gallons or less.
m
0
0
v
m
1988 EDITION 79.200-8
TABLE NO.79.200-B—STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE IN
LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS
MAXIMUM STORAGE MAXIMUM QUANTITY
STORAGE HEIGHT(FEET) (GALLONS)PER ROOM
CLASS TYPE RACK LEVEL Containers Containers
Ground
Double Row floor 25 7,500
I-A or Upper floors 15 4,500
Single Row Basements Not permitted —
Ground
I-B Double Row floor 25 15,000
or Upper floors 15 9,000
I-C Single row Basements Not permitted —
Ground
Double Row floor 25 24,000
II or Upper floors 25 24,000
Single Row Basements 15 9,000
Multirow Ground 40 48,000
III Double Row Floor 20 48,000
or Single Upper floors — —
Row Basements 20 24,000 �C
�yG
L
L
229
N �
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4
A
TABLE NO.79.200-C—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR SOLID-PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS
IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS1
STORAGE CONDMONS CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND
Area(aq n) MINIMUM MINIMUM
Denahy Maximum HOSE STREAM DURATION
Class Container Size gpm/ High Ordinary Spedlg DEMAND SPRINKLERS 6
Liquid and Arrangement sq.ft. Temp. Temp. (sq.ft.) (gpm) HOSE STREAMS(hra.)
5 gal.or less,with/without 0.30 3000 5000 100 750
cartons,palletized or solid pile
Flammable aerosols in cartons, 0.30 6000 10,000 100 1000
I-A palletized or solid pile 2
Containers greater than 5 gal.,
on end or side,palletized or 0.60 5000 8000 80 750
solid pile
I-B 5 gal.or less,with/without 0.30 3000 5000 100
I-C, cartons,palletized or solid pile 500 2
& Containers greater than 5 gal.
II on pallets or solid pile,one high 0.25 5000 8000 100 Z
Containers greater than 5 gal. 0
II on pallets or solid pile,more 0.60 5000 8000 80 750 2 0
than one high on end or side 3
m
0
O
v
m
OD
all
m
v
4
0
z
I-B,I-C,II Portable tanks,one high 0.30 3000 5000 100 500 2
H Portable tanks,two high 0.60 5000 8000 80 750 2
5 gal.or less,with/without 0.25 3000 5000 120 500 1
cartons,palletized or solid pile
Containers greater than 5 gal.,
on pallets or solid pile,on 0.25 3000 5000 120 500 1
end or sides,up to three high
III Containers greater than 5 gal.,
on pallets or solid pile,on 0.35 3000 5000 100 750 2
end or sides up to 18 feet high
Portable tanks,one high 0.25 3000 5000 120 500 1
Portable tanks,two high 0.50 3000 5000 80 750 2
'The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems.Where Class I standpipe systems are used,the area of application shall be
increased by 30 percent without revising density.
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TABLE NO.79.200-D-1—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN
CONTAINERS OF S-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS'IN CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETS OR WITHOUT
CARTONS BUT STRAPPED TO PALLETS2
CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN MIN.
&DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. DURATION
Density Area(sq'R) HOSE Racks over 9 ft. Min. Number of STREAM SPRINKLER&HOSE
CLASS gpm/ High Ord. Max. Racks up to 9 tL (2.7m)to 12 ft. Nozzle Sprinklers DEMAND STREAM
LIQUID sq.ft. Temp. Temp. Spacing (2.7m)deep (3.7m)deep Pressure Operating (gpm) (hra.)
(a)ord.temp.sprin- (a)ord.temp.sprin- (a)8 sprinklers if
klers 8 feet apart klers 8 feet apart hori- only one level
horizontally zontally (b)6 sprinklers
(b)one line sprinklers (b)two lines sprin- ea.on two levels
above each level of klers above each level if only two levels
I 0.40 3000 5000 80 sq. storage of storage 30 psi (c)6 sprinklers 750 2
(max ft./hd. (c)locate in longitudi- (c)locate in trans- ea.on top 3 lev-
25 ft. nal flue space,stag- verse flue spaces, els,if 3 or more
height) gered vertical staggered vertical and levels
(d)shields required within 20 in.of aisle (d)hydraulically Z
where multilevel (d)shields required most remote
where multilevel 0
3
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0
0
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z
(a)ord.temp.sprin- (a)ord.temp.sprin-
klers 8 feet apart klers 8 feet apart hori-
horizontally zontally
(b)one line sprinklers (b)two lines between (a)hydraulically
between levels at levels at nearest 10 most remote—6
0.30 3000 5000 100 sq. nearest 10 foot verti- foot vertical intervals 30 psi sprinklers at each '750 2
II ft./hd. cal intervals (c)locate in trans- level,up to max.
(max. (c)locate in longitudi- verse flue spaces, of three levels
25 ft. nal flue space,stag- staggered vertical and
height) gered vertical within 20 in.of aisle
(d)shields required (d)shields required
where multilevel where multilevel
III 0.25 3" 5000 120 d. Same as Class II Same as Class Q 30 psi Same as 500 2
max. ft./hd. p Class II
'Flammable aerosols not included.
ZThe design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems.Where Class I standpipe systems are used,the area of application shall be
increased by 30 percent without revising density.
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TABLE NO.79.200-D-2—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS
GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYf
CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN MIN.
&DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. DURATION
Density A�(8Q'n') On-end Storage Min. Number of HOSESTREAM SPRINKLER
Density
CLASS gpm/ High Ord. Max. Onside Storage (on pallets)up to Nozzle Sprinklers DEMAND STREAM
LIQUID sq.ft. Temp. Temp Spacing Racks up to 9 tt. 9 ft.deep racks Pressure Operating (gpm) (hrs.)
(a)ord.temp.sprin- (a)ord.temp.sprin-
klers 8 feet apart klers 8 feet apart hori-
horizontally zontally
(b)one line sprinklers (b)one line sprinklers (a)hydraulically
above each tier of above each tier of most remote 6
I-A ft./hd. g
0.60 3000 5000 80 sq. storage storage 30 psi sprinklers at each 1000 2(max. (c)locate in longitudi- (c)locate in longitudi-
level
25 ft. nal flue space,stag- nal flue space,stag-
height) gered vertical gered vertical
(d)shields required (d)shields required C
where multilevel where multilevel Z
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(a)see(a)above (a)see(a)above
I-B,I-C (b)one line sprinklers (b)see(b)above
&H every three tiers of (c)see(c)above
m ft. 0.60 3000 5000 ft and. storage (d)see(d)above 30 psi (a)see(a)above 750 2
height) (c)see(c)above
(d)see(d)above
(a)see(a)above (a)see(a)above
III (b)one line sprinklers (b)one line sprinklers
(max. 120 every sixth level every third level
40-ft. 0.25 3000 5000 ft./hd (maximum) (maximum) 15 psi (a)see(a)above 500 1
height) (c)see(c)above (c)see(c)above
(d)see(d)above (d)see(d)above
'The design contemplates the use of a Class II standpipe system.Where a Class I standpipe system is used,the area of application shall be increased
by 30 percent without revising density.
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TABLE NO.79.200-D-3—AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION,2 REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS3 �•+
IN CONTAINERS
CEILING SPRINKLER
DESIGN&DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND4
Area(sq.ft.) r Minimum Number of HOSE DURATION DURATION
CLASS Density High Ord. On-end Storage of Drums Nozzle Sprinklers STREAM AFFF WATER
LIQUID pm/sq.ft Temp. Temp. (on Pallets)up to 25 ft. Pressure Operating DEMANDS SUPPLY SUPPLY
I-A,I-B, 0.30 1500 2500 (a)ord.temp.sprinkler up 30 psi Three 500 15 min. 2 hrs.
I-C,H to 10 feet apart sprinklers
horizontally per level
(b)-one line sprinklers
above each level of storage
(c)locate in longitudinal
flue space,staggered
vertically
(d)Shields required for
multilevel
tSystem shall be a closed head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam(AFFF). z
z Except as modified herein,in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with U.F.C.Standard No.81-2.3Flammable aerosols not included. C 0
47[he height of storage shall not exceed 25 feet.
5Hose stream demand includes inside hand hose(1�'A inches)required in Division XV. :0
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1988 EDITION 79.301-79.302
Division III
STATIONARY TANK STORAGE INSIDE BUILDINGS
General
Sec.79.301.(a)Scope.This division applies only to the storage of flammable
and combustible liquids in stationary tanks in buildings.
(b) Where Allowed. Stationary tanks for the storage of Class I, II or III-A
liquids may be installed in industrial plants,chemical plants,distilleries,service
stations,processing plants,bulk plants and refineries when in rooms or buildings
constructed and separated as required in the Building Code for Group H,Division
3 Occupancies or for fuel storage for emergency and standby power systems when
approved by the chief.
(c)Thnk Design and Construction.The design,fabrication and construction
of tanks shall be in accordance with Section 79.105.
(d) Thnk Supports. Tanks shall be securely supported to prevent settling,
sliding or lifting and shall comply with the requirements of the Building Code.
Steel supports or piling for tanks storing Class 1,11 or III-A liquids shall have a
fire-resistance rating of not less than two hours,except that solid web steel saddles
need not be protected if less than 12 inches high at their lowest point. At the
discretion of the chief,water-spray protection in accordance with U.F.C. Stan-
dard No.79-2,or U.B.C.Standard No.38-1,or equivalent,may be used.
Where a tank is located in an area that may be subjected to flooding, the
applicable precautions in Appendix II-B shall apply. a
(e)Testing.Prior to being put into service,tanks shall be tested in accordance
with nationally recognized design standards.
Tank Connections
Sec. 79.302. (a) Normal Venting. 1. General. Atmospheric storage tanks
shall be adequately vented to prevent the development of either positive or
negative pressure that exceeds the design pressure of such tanks as a result of
filling,emptying or atmospheric temperature changes.
Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels shall be adequately vented to prevent
development of pressure or vacuum as a result of filling or emptying and
atmospheric temperature changes from exceeding the design pressure of the tank
or vessel. Protection shall also be provided to prevent overpressure from any
pump discharging into the tank or vessel when the pump discharge pressure can
exceed the design pressure of the tank or vessel.
If any tank or pressure vessel has more than one fill or withdrawal connection
and simultaneous filling or withdrawal can be made,the vent size shall be based
on the maximum anticipated simultaneous flow.
Tank-venting systems shall be provided with sufficient capacity to prevent
blowback of vapor or liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled.Vent
pipes shall be not less than 1'/a-inch nominal inside diameter.The capacity of the
vent shall be based on the filling or withdrawal rate,whichever is greater,and the
vent line length. Unrestricted vent piping sized in accordance with Table No.
237
79.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
79.302 may be used to prevent back-pressure development in tanks from exceed-
ing 2.5 psig. Where tank-venting devices are installed in vent lines,their flow
capacities shall be determined in accordance with nationally recognized engineer-
ing standards.See Section 2.303(b).
TABLE NO.79.302—VENT LINE DIAMETERS
MAXIMUM FLOW PIPE LENGTHI
GPM 50 FEET 100 FEET 200 FEET
100 1�/4-inch 1�/4-inch 1 K-inch
200 1�/4-inch 1 K-inch 1�/4-inch
300 1�/4-inch 1'/4-inch 1 h-inch
400 1 K-inch 1�h-inch 2-inch
500 1�h-inch 1�h-inch 2-inch
600 1�h-inch 2-inch 2-inch
700 2-inch 2-inch 2-inch
800 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch
900 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch
1000 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch
I Vent lines of 50 feet, 100 feet and 200 feet of pipe plus seven ells.
Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class I-A liquids shall be equipped with
approved venting devices which shall be normally closed except when venting
under pressure or vacuum conditions.
Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class 1-13 and Class I-C liquids shall be
equipped with approved venting devices which will be normally closed,except
when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions or with approved flame
arresters.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Venting devices and flame arresters may be omitted from
Class I-B and Class I-C liquids where conditions are such that their use may,in case
of obstruction,result in tank damage.
Liquid properties justifying the omission of such devices include,but are not
limited to,condensation,corrosiveness,crystallization,polymerization,freezing or
plugging. When any of these conditions exist, consideration may be given to
heating,use of devices employing special materials of construction,the use of liquid
seals or inerting in accordance with nationally recognized engineering standards for
explosion-prevention systems.See Section 2.303(b).
2.Vent pipes 2 inches or less in nominal inside diameter and longer than 10 feet.
3.Tanks storing gasoline are exempt from the above requirements,provided the
vent pipes do not exceed 3 inches nominal inside diameter.
All vent line flame arresters and venting devices shall be installed in accor-
dance with their listings.
2.Location and arrangement of vents.Vent pipes from tanks storing Class I,
238
1988 EDITION 79.302
II or III-A liquids shall terminate outside of the building at a point not less than 8
feet above the fill pipe opening and not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground
level. Vent pipes shall discharge vertically or horizontally in order to disperse
vapors and shall be arranged so that flammable vapors will not enter the building
openings, be trapped under eaves or other obstructions, nor discharge into
hazardous locations.Vent lines shall not terminate within 5 feet of openings into a
building nor within 5 feet of a property line that may be built upon.
Vent lines from tanks shall not be used for other purposes except when
approved by the chief.
3. Installation of vent piping. Vent piping shall be installed in accordance
with Division VII,"Piping,Valves and Fittings."Vent pipes shall be installed so
as to drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. Vent
pipes shall be installed in such a manner as to be not subject to physical damage or
vibration.
4.Manifolding.The manifolding of tank vent piping shall be avoided except
where required for special purposes such as vapor recovery,vapor conservation or
air pollution control. When tank vent piping is manifolded, pipe sizes shall be
such as to discharge,within the pressure limitations of the system,the vapors they
may be required to handle when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire
exposure.
Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent
piping for tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids unless positive means are
provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing
Class II or Class III liquids to prevent contamination and possible change in
classification of the less volatile liquid.
(b) Emergency Relief Venting. 1. General. Every stationary tank located
inside a building shall be equipped with adequate additional venting that will
relieve excessive internal pressure caused by exposure to fires in accordance with
Subsection 2 below.
Discharge from emergency vents shall be to the outside of the building in
accordance with the provisions of Section 79.302(a)2.
2.Emergency vent capacity.Where entire dependence for emergency relief is
placed upon pressure-relieving devices,the total venting capacity of both normal
and emergency vents shall be enough to prevent rupture of the shell or bottom of
the tank,if vertical,or of the shell or heads,if horizontal. If unstable liquids are
stored,the effects of heat or gas resulting from polymerization,decomposition,
condensation or self-reactivity shall be taken into account.The total capacity of
both normal and emergency venting devices shall be not less than that derived
from Division V, Section 79.510 (b), "Emergency Relief Venting for Fire
Exposure for Aboveground Tanks." Said device or devices shall be approved
relief or pressure/vacuum venting devices or other devices approved by the chief.
(c)Tank Openings Other than Vents. 1. General.Connections for all tank
openings shall be liquid tight. All openings to tanks shall be located outside of
buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 10 feet
away from any building opening or property line that may be built upon. Such
239
79.302-79.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
openings shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap which shall be closed when not
in use and shall be properly identified.
For top-loaded tanks, a metallic fill pipe shall be designed and installed to
minimize the generation of static electricity by terminating the pipe within 6
inches of the bottom of the tank and it shall be installed to avoid excessive
vibration.
2.Openings for manual gaging.Openings for manual gaging,if independent
of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a liquid-tight cover. Covers shall be kept
closed when not in use. Each such opening shall be protected against liquid
overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring-loaded check valve or
other approved device.
3. Openings for vapor recovery. Tank openings provided for purposes of
vapor recovery shall be protected against possible vapor release by means of a
spring-loaded check valve or dry-break connections, or other approved device,
unless the opening is pipe connected to a vapor-processing system. Openings
designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against
vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line to the fill pipe simul-
taneously connects the vapor-recovery line.All connections shall be vaportight.
4. Auxiliary opening protection.Each connection to a tank inside of build-
ings through which liquid can normally flow shall be provided with an internal or
an external valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank.
Tanks for storage of Class I or Class H liquids inside buildings shall be provided
with either:
(i) A normally closed remotely activated valve,or
(ii) An automatic-closing heat-activated valve,or
(iii) An approved device on each liquid-transfer connection below the liquid
level,except for connections used for emergency disposal,to provide for
quick cutoff of flow in the event of fire in the vicinity of the tank.
This function can be incorporated in the valve required by Section 79.302(c)4
and,if a separate valve,shall be located adjacent to the valve required in Section
79.302(c)4.
5. Overflow protection. Tanks storing Classes I, II and III-A liquids inside
buildings shall be equipped with a device,or other means shall be provided, to
prevent overflow into the building. Suitable devices include,but are not limited
to,a float valve,a preset meter on the fill line,a valve actuated by the weight of the
tank contents, a low head pump which is incapable of producing overflow or a
liquid-tight overflow pipe at least one pipe size larger than the fill pipe discharg-
ing by gravity back to the outside source of liquid or to an approved location.
6.Piping,valves and fittings.All connections,fittings or other appurtenances
shall be installed in accordance with Division VII,"Piping,Valves and Fittings."
Fire Protection
Sec.79.303.Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10.
240
1988 EDITION 79.401-79.403
Division IV
CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE
OUTSIDE BUILDINGS
General
Sec. 79.401. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed
containers or portable tanks outside of buildings shall be in accordance with this
division.For permits,see Section 4.101.
Plans.
Sec.79.402.Plans shall be submitted with each application for a permit to store
more than 5000 gallons of liquids in drums or tanks.The plans shall indicate the
methods of storage,quantities to be stored,distances from buildings and property
lines, access ways, fire-protection facilities and provisions for drainage and
runoff.Storage shall be in accordance with approved plans.
Location on Property
Sec.79.403.Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall
be in accordance with Table No.79.403.Storage of liquids may be near buildings
located on the same property,provided such storage is in accordance with Section
79.404 and this section.
When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile,the maximum
quantity permitted in the pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate
maximum quantities.
Containers or portable tanks in a pile shall be not more than 150 feet from a 20-
foot-wide access way that will allow fine-control apparatus to approach the pile.
The storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where
necessary and shall be kept free of weeds,debris and other combustible materials
not necessary to the storage.
Materials which will react with water or other liquids to produce a hazard shall
not be stored in the same area with flammable and combustible liquids.
241
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TABLE NO.79.403—OUTDOOR LIQUID STORAGE IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS
PORTABLE TANK
CONTAINER STORAGE MAX. DISTANCE DISTANCE TO
STORAGE—MAX. PER PILE BETWEEN PROPERTY LINE DISTANCE TO
PER PILE GALLONSI PILES THAT CAN BE STREET,ALLEY
OR RACKS BUILT UPON 2,3 OR A PUBLIC WAY
CLASS Gallons'.4 Height(Ft.) Gallons'.4 Height(Ft.) (Ft.) (Ft.) (Ft.)
I-A 1,100 10 2,200 7 5 50 10
I-B 2,200 12 4,400 14 5 50 10
I-C 4,400 12 8,800 14 5 50 10
II 8,800 12 17,600 14 5 25 5
III 22,000 18 44,000 14 5 10 5
IFor mixed class storage,see Section 79.403.
zIf protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams is not available,the
distance shall be doubled.
3When the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile,the distances may be reduced 50 percent, C
but not less than 3 feet. Z
4For storage in racks,the quantity limits per pipe do not apply,but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 feet in C
length and two rows or 9 feet in depth. 0
3
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1988 EDITION 79.404-79.409
Container and Tank Storage Near Buildings on the Same Property
Sec.79.404.A maximum of 1100 gallons of liquids in closed containers and
portable tanks may be stored adjacent to a building located on the same premises
and under the same management,provided that:
1. The building does not exceed one story in height.Such building shall be of
fire-resistive construction with noncombustible exterior surfaces or non-
combustible construction and must be devoted principally to the storage of
liquids,or
2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the storage area shall have a fire-
resistance rating of not less than two hours,having no opening to above-
grade areas within 10 feet horizontally of such storage and no openings to
below-grade areas within 50 feet horizontally of such storage.
The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in accordance
with Item No.2 above may exceed 1100 gallons,provided the maximum quantity
per pile does not exceed 1100 gallons and each pile is separated by a 10-foot
minimum clear space along the common wall.
Where the quantity stored exceeds the 1100 gallons permitted adjacent to the
building given in Item No. 1 above,or the provisions of Item No.2 cannot be met,
a minimum distance in accordance with the column for distance to property line
that can be built upon in Table No.79.403 shall be maintained between buildings
and nearest container or portable tank.
Drainage
Sec.79.405.The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible
spills away from buildings or other exposures or shall be surrounded by a curb at
least 6 inches high.When curbs are used,provisions shall be made for draining of
accumulations of groundwater or rainwater or spills of liquids. Drains shall
terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire
conditions.
Fencing and Maintenance
Sec.79.406.Storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers
by fencing or other control measures.The area shall be kept free of weeds,debris
and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage. A distance of not
less than 15 feet shall be maintained between the liquid storage and combustible
material.
Ignition Sources
Sec.79.407.Signs shall be posted in the storage areas prohibiting open flames
and smoking.
Outside Dispensing
Sec.79.408.Outside dispensing shall be in approved locations. See Division
VIII.
Empty Containers and Tanks Storage
Sec.79.409.The storage of empty tanks and containers previously used for the
storage of flammable or combustible liquids,unless free from explosive vapors,
243
79.409-79.503 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
shall be stored as if filled. Tanks and containers when emptied shall have the
covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.410.Fire protection for outside storage of flammable and combustible
liquids shall be in accordance with Article 10.
Division V
STATIONARY TANK STORAGE,ABOVEGROUND,
OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS
Restricted Locations
Sec.79.501. The storage of Class I and Class II liquids in aboveground tanks
outside of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits
of districts in which such storage is prohibited.
Design and Construction of Tanks
Sec.79.502.Tanks shall be designed,fabricated and tested in accordance with
Section 79.105.
EXCEPTION:Existing oil storage reservoirs with concrete lining and with a
combustible roof covering and built prior to the adoption of this section may be
continued for the storage of petroleum products with a flash point in excess of 150°F.
Location with Respect to Property Lines,Public Ways and Important
Buildings on the Same Property
Sec. 79.503. (a) Tanks for Pressures Not More Than 2.5 psig. Every
aboveground tank for storage of Class I,II or III-A liquids and those liquids with
boilover characteristics and unstable liquids operating at pressures not in excess of
2.5 psig and designed with a weak roof-to-shell seam or equipped with emergency
venting devices which will not permit pressures to exceed 2.5 psig shall be located
in accordance with Table No.79.503-A.
EXCEPTION: Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to-shell seam and storing Class
III-A liquids may be located at one half the distances specified in Table No.79.503-
A,provided the tanks are not within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing a
Class I or Class II liquid.
(b)Floating Roof Tank Defined.For the purpose of this division,a floating
roof tank is defined as one which incorporates either:
1. A pontoon or double-deck metal floating roof in an open-top tank,or
2. A fixed metal roof with ventilation at the top and roof eaves and containing
a metal floating roof or cover meeting any of the following requirements:
A. A pontoon or double-deck metal floating roof.
B. A metal floating cover supported by liquid-tight metal pontoons or
floats which provide sufficient buoyancy to prevent sinking of cover
when half of the pontoons or floats are punctured.
An internal metal floating pan,roof or cover which does not meet the require-
244
17.56.190 Section 79.501 amended--Stationary tank
storage, above ground outside of buildings. Section 79.501 is
amended to read as follows, and by adding thereto the following
exception:
Restricted Locations. The limits referred to herein
prohibiting storage of Class I and II liquids in outside, above
ground tanks are hereby established for all commercial land use
districts as defined in the Huntington Beach Ordinance Code.
EXCEPTIONS:
(a) Bulk plants may exist in M2 industrial districts
only.
(b) Class III liquids may only be stored on properties
with an 0 or 01 suffix.
(c) Class II liquids may be stored temporarily on
construction sites with the approval of the fire chief. (Ord.
2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord. 2638, 9/83; Ord. 2430, 7/80; Ord.
2188, 6/77; Ord. 1900, 3/74; Ord. 1414, 6/68; Ord. 1131,
4/65)
244.1
1988 EDITION 79.503 f
ments of Item No. 2 above or one which uses plastic foam(except for seals)for
flotation,even if capsulated in metal or fiberglass,shall be considered as being a
fixed roof tank.
(c) Tanks for Pressures Exceeding 2.5 psig. Aboveground tanks for the
storage of Class I,II or III-A liquids except those liquids with boilover charac-
teristics and unstable liquids operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig or equip-
ped with emergency venting which will permit pressures to exceed 2.5 psig shall
be located in accordance with Table No.79.503-B.
(d)Tanks for Boilover Liquids.Aboveground tanks for storage of liquids with
boilover characteristics shall be located in accordance with Table No.79.503-C.
Liquids with boilover characteristics shall not be stored in fixed roof tanks
larger than 150 feet in diameter unless an approved inerting system is provided on
the tank.
(e)Tanks for Unstable Liquids. Every aboveground tank for the storage of
unstable liquids shall be located in accordance with Table No.79.503-D.
(f)Tanks for Class HI-B Liquids.Every aboveground tank for the storage of
Class III-B liquids, excluding unstable liquids, shall be located in accordance
with Table No. 79.503-E, except when located within a diked area or drainage
path for a tank or tanks storing a Class I or Class II liquid. When a Class III-B
liquid storage tank is within the diked area-or drainage path for a Class I or Class II
liquid,Subsection 79.502 or the exception to Section 79.503(a)shall apply.
(g)Use of Open Space on Adjacent Property.Where two tank properties of
diverse ownership have a common boundary, the chief may, with the written
consent of the owners of the two properties, substitute the distances required in
Subsections 79.503 (a)through(t)for the minimum distances specified in this
section.
(h)Direction of Horizontal Pressure Tanks.Where end failure of horizontal
pressure tanks and vessels can expose property,the tank shall be placed with the
longitudinal axis parallel to the nearest important exposure.
245
79.503-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.79.503-A—STABLE LIQUIDS(OPERATING PRESSURE
2.5 PSIG OR LESS)
MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET
FROM PROPERTY LINE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY
WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT PUBLIC WAY OR FROM
UPON,INCLUDING THE NEAREST IMPORTANT
OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC BUILDING ON THE SAME
WAY AND SHALL BE NOT PROPERTY AND SHALL BE
TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION LESS THAN 5 FEET NOT LESS THAN 5 FEET
Protection
Floating poor I �h times diameter of %6 times diameter of
Roof exposures tank tank
[See Sec. Diameter of tank but
79.503 (b)] None need not exceed 175 '/6 times diameter of
feet tank
Approved
foam or
inerting
Vertical system on times diameter of �/6 times diameter of
with tanks not tank tank
weak exceeding
roof- 150 feet in
to- diameter2
shell Protection
seam for Diameter of tank %3 times diameter of
[See Sec. ex sures' tank
79.503(a)] Po
2 times diameter of tank �/3 times diameter
None but need not exceed 350 of tank
feet
Approved
Horizontal inerting
and system on
vertical the tank 'h times Table 16 times Table
with or approved No.79.503-F No.79.503-F
emer- foam
gency system
relief on vertical
venting tanks
to limit protection
pressures for Table No.79.503-F Table No.79.503-F
to 2.5 psig exposures'
None 2 times Table No.79.503-F Table No.79.503-F
'Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade
capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid
storage.
zFor tanks over 150 feet in diameter use "Protection for exposures" or "None," as
applicable.
246
1988 EDITION 79.503-B,79.503-C
TABLE NO.79.503-B—STABLE LIQUIDS OPERATING PRESSURE GREATER
THAN 2.5 SIG)
MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET
FROM PROPERTY LINE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY
WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT PUBLIC WAY OR FROM
UPON,INCLUDING THE NEAREST IMPORTANT
OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC BUILDING ON THE SAME
TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION WAY PROPERTY
Protection 1'h times Table No. 1 h times Table No.
for 79.503-F but shall be 79.503-F but shall be
Any type exposures' not less than 25 feet not less than 25 feet
3 times Table No. 1 h times Table No.
None 79.503-F but shall be 79.503-F but shall be
not less than 50 feet not less than 25 feet
'Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade
capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid
storage.
TABLE NO.79.503-C—BOILOVER LIQUIDS
MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET
FROM PROPERTY LINE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY
WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT PUBLIC WAY OR FROM
UPON,INCLUDING THE NEAREST IMPORTANT
OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC BUILDING ON THE SAME
WAY AND SHALL BE NOT PROPERTY AND SHALL BE
TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION LESS THAN 5 FEET NOT LESS THAN 5 FEET
Protection
Floating for 'h times diameter of '/6 times diameter of
roof exposures tank tank
79roe Sec.
.503(b)] None Diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of
tank
Approved
foam or
inerting Diameter of tank '/3 times diameter of
system tank
Fixed Protection
roof for 2 times diameter of tank 2/3 times diameter of
[See Sec. exposures' tank
79.503(c)] 4 times diameter of tank
None but need not exceed 350 2/3 times diameter of
feet tank
'Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade
capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid
storage.
247
79.503-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.79.503-D—UNSTABLE LIQUIDS
MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET
FROM PROPERTY LINE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY
WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT PUBLIC WAY OR FROM
UPON,INCLUDING THE NEAREST IMPORTANT
OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC BUILDING ON THE SAME
TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION WAY PROPERTY
Horizontal and Tank pro- Table No.79.503-F but Not less than 25 feet
vertical tanks tected with not less than 25 feet
with emergency any one of
relief venting to the follow-
permit pressure ing:
not in excess of approved
2.5 psig water spray,
approved
inerting,
approved
insulation
and refriger-
ation,
approved
barricade
Protection 2�1h times Table No.
for 79.503-F but not less than 50 feet
exposures' Not less than 50 feet
5 times Table No.
None 79.503-F but Not less than 100 feet
not less than 100 feet
Horizontal and Tank pro- 2 times Table No.79.503-F
vertical tanks tected with but Not less than 50 feet
with emergency any one of not less than 50 feet
relief venting to the follow-
permit pressure ing:
over 2.5 psig approved
water spray,
approved
inerting,
approved
insulation
and refriger-
ation,
approved
barricade
Protection 4 times Table No. Not less than 100 feet
for 79.503-F but
exposures' not less than 100 feet
8 times Table No.
None 79.503-F but Not less than 150 feet
not less than 150 feet
'Protection for exposure is protection by a public fine department or private fire brigade
capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid
storage.
248
1988 EDITION 79.503-E,79.503-F,79.504
TABLE NO.79.503-E—CLASS III-B LIQUIDS
MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET
FROM PROPERTY LINE WHICH FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY
IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, PUBLIC WAY OR FROM
INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE NEAREST IMPORTANT
SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME
CAPACITY GALLONS PROPERTY
12,000 or less 5 5
12,001 to 30,000 10 5
30,001 to 50,000 10 10
50,001 to 100,000 15 10
100,001 or more 1 15 15
TABLE NO.79.503-F—REFERENCE TABLE FOR USE IN TABLES NOS.
79.503-A TO 79.503-D
MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET
FROM PROPERTY LINE WHICH FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY
IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, PUBLIC WAY OR FROM
INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE NEAREST IMPORTANT
CAPACITY TANK SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME
GALLONS PROPERTY
275 or less 5 5
276 to 750 10 5
751 to 12,000 15 5
12,001 to 30,000 20 5
30,001 to 50,000 30 10
50,001 to 100,000 50 15
100,001 to 500,000 80 25
500,001 to 1,000,000 100 35
1,000,001 to 2,000,000 135 45
2,000,001 to 3,000,000 165 55
3,000,001 or more 175 60
Spacing Between Adjacent Tanks
Sec.79.504.(a)Stable Liquids.The spacing between tanks containing stable
liquids shall be not less than set forth in Table No.79.504-A.
When tanks are in a diked area containing Class I or Class II liquids,or in the
drainage path of Class I or Class II liquids,and are compacted in three or more rows
or in an irregular pattern,spacing greater than specified in Table No.79.504-A or
other means may be required by the chief to make tanks in the interior of the pattern
accessible for fire-fighting purposes.
249
79.504-A,79.504-79.505 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.79.504-A—MINIMUM SPACING(SHELL-TO-SHELL)OF TANKS
CONTAINING STABLE LIQUIDS',Z
FIXED ROOF TANKS
TANK DIAMETER FLOATING ROOF Class I or II Class III
(Feet) TANKS Liquids Liquids
Not over 150 1/6 sum of adjacent 1/6 sum of adjacent 1/6 sum of adjacent
tank diameters but tank diameters but tank diameters but
not less than 3 feet not less than 3 feet not less than 3 feet
More than 150
If remote impound- 1/6 sum of adjacent 1/4 sum of 1/6 sum of
ing is in accordance tank diameters adjacent tank adjacent tank
with Sec.79.507(b) diameters diameters
If impounding is 1/4 sum of adjacent 1/3 sum of 1/4 sum of
around tanks in tank diameters adjacent tank adjacent tank
accordance with diameters diameters
Sec.79.507(c)
'Crude petroleum tanks having individual capacities not exceeding 126,000 gallons(3,000
barrels),when located at production facilities in isolated locations,need not be separated
by more than 3 feet.
2Tanks used only for storing Class III-B liquids may be spaced 3 feet apart unless within a
diked area or drainage path for a tank storing a Class I or II liquid.
(b) Unstable Liquids. The spacing between such tanks containing unstable
liquids shall be not less than one half the sum of their diameters.
(c) Spacing Between Liquid and LPG Tanks. The minimum horizontal
separation between an LP-gas container and a Class I,II or III-A liquid storage
tank shall be 20 feet except in the case of Class I,II or III-A liquid tanks operating
at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig or equipped with emergency venting permitting
pressures to exceed 2.5 psig,in which case the provisions of Section 79.504(a)
shall apply.Suitable means shall be taken to prevent the accumulation of Class I,II
or III-A liquids under adjacent LP-gas containers such as by dikes, diversion
curbs or grading.When flammable or combustible liquid storage tanks are within
a diked area,the LP-gas containers shall be outside the diked area and at least 10
feet away from the center line of the wall of the diked area. The foregoing
provisions shall not apply when LP-gas containers of 125 gallons or less capacity
are installed adjacent to fuel-oil supply tanks of 660 gallons or less capacity.
Horizontal separation is not required between aboveground LP-gas containers and
underground flammable and combustible liquid tanks.
Supports,Foundations and Anchorage
Sec. 79.505. (a) Tanks at Grade. Tanks shall rest on the ground or on
foundations made of concrete,masonry,piling or steel.Tank foundations shall be
designed to minimize the possibility of uneven settling of the tank and to mini-
mize corrosion in any part of the tank resting on the foundation.
250
1988 EDITION 79.505-79.507
(b)Tanks Above Grade.Tanks shall be securely supported.Supports for tanks
storing Class I,II or III-A liquids shall be of concrete,masonry or protected steel.
Single wood timber supports (not cribbing) laid horizontally may be used for
outside aboveground tanks if not more than 12 inches high at their lowest point.
(c)Fire Protection of Steel Supports.Steel supports or piling for tanks storing
Class I,II or III-A liquids shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than two
hours,except that solid web steel saddles need not be protected if less than 12
inches high at their lowest point. At the discretion of the chief, water-spray
protection in accordance with U.F.C.Standard No.79-2,or U.B.C.Standard No.
38-1,or equivalent may be used.
(d)Design of Supports.The design of the supporting structure for tanks shall
be in accordance with well-established engineering principles of mechanics and
shall comply with the Building Code.
Tanks shall be so supported as to prevent the excessive concentration of loads
on the supporting portion of the shell.
(e)Locations Subject to Flooding.Where a tank is located in an area that may
be subjected to flooding,the applicable provisions of Appendix II-B apply.
(f) Seismic Design. In areas subject to earthquakes, the tank supports and
connections shall be designed to resist damage as a result of such shocks in
accordance with the Building Code.
Stairs,Platforms and Walkways
Sec. 79.506. Stairs, platforms and walkways shall be of noncombustible
construction and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the Build-
ing Code.
Drainage Dikes and Walls for Aboveground Tanks
Sec.79.507.(a)General.The area surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall
be provided with drainage or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge of
liquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining property or reaching water-
ways.These provisions may be altered or waived when determined by the chief
that such tank or group of tanks does not constitute a hazard to other tanks,
waterways or adjoining property, after consideration of special features such as
topographical conditions,nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings on the
same or adjacent property, capacity and construction of proposed tanks and
character of liquids to be stored and nature and quantity of private and public fire
protection provided.
(b) Drainage. Where protection of adjacent tanks, adjoining property or
waterways is by means of a natural or man-made drainage system, such system
shall comply with the following:
Drainage shall be provided at a slope of not less than 1 percent away from the
tank toward an impounding basin or an approved means of disposal having a
capacity greater than that of the largest tank served.This termination area and the
route of the drainage system shall be so located that a fire occurring in the drainage
system will not seriously endanger tanks or adjoining property.
251
79.507 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(c)Diked Areas. Where protection of adjacent tanks, adjoining property or
waterways is accomplished by retaining the liquid around the tank by means of a
diked area,such diked area shall comply with the following:
1.The volumetric capacity of the diked area shall be not less than the greatest
amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area.
The capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calculated by
deducting the volume of the tanks other than the largest tank below the height of
the dike.
2. Walls of the diked area shall be of earth, steel, concrete or solid masonry
designed to be liquid tight and to withstand a full hydrostatic head.Earthen walls 3
feet or more in height shall have a flat section at the top not less than 2 feet wide.
The slope shall be consistent with the angle of repose of the material of which the
walls are constructed.
3.The walls of the diked area shall be restricted to an average height of 6 feet
above the interior grade,except as provided in Item No.4 below.
4. Dikes may be higher than an average of 6 feet above interior grade where
provisions are made for normal and necessary emergency access to tanks,valves
and other equipment and safe egress from the diked enclosure.
A. Where the average height of the dike containing Class I liquids is over 12
feet measured from interior grade or where the distance between any tank
and the top inside edge of the dike wall is less than the height of the dike
wall, provisions shall be made for normal operation of valves and for
access to tank roofs without entering below the top of the dike. These
provisions may be met through the use of remote operated valves,elevated
walkways or similar arrangements.
B. Piping passing through dike walls shall be designed to prevent excessive
stresses as a result of settlement or fire exposure.
C. The minimum distance between tanks and the toe of the interior dike walls
shall be 5 feet.
5.Each diked area containing two or more tanks shall be subdivided,preferably
by drainage channels leading to an impounding basin or by intermediate curbs or
spill dikes in order to prevent spills from endangering adjacent tanks within the
diked area as follows:
A. When storing normally stable liquids in vertical cone roof tanks con-
structed with weak roof-to-shell seam or approved floating roof tanks or
when storing crude petroleum in producing areas in any type of tank,one
subdivision for each tank in excess of 10,000 barrels and one subdivision
for each group of tanks(no tank exceeding 10,000-barrel capacity)having
an aggregate capacity not exceeding 15,000 barrels.
B. When storing normally stable,flammable or combustible liquids in tanks
not covered in Item A,one subdivision for each tank in excess of 100,000
gallons (2,500 barrels) and one subdivision for each group of tanks (no
tank exceeding 100,000-gallon capacity)having an aggregate capacity not
exceeding 150,000 gallons(3,570 barrels).
252
1988 EDITION 79.507-79.509
C. When storing unstable liquids in any type of tank,one subdivision for each
tank,except that tanks installed in accordance with the drainage require-
ments of U.F.C. Standard No. 79-2 for Water Spray Systems for Fire
Protection shall require no additional subdivision.
NOTE:Since unstable liquids will react more rapidly when heated than when at
ambient temperatures,subdivision by drainage channels is the preferred method.
D. The drainage channels or intermediate curbs shall be located between tanks
so as to take full advantage of the available space with due regard for the
individual tank capacities. Intermediate curbs, where used, shall be not
less than 18 inches in height.
(d)Removing Water from Diked Area.Provision shall be made for draining
or removing excess water from a drainage sytem or diked area.Such drains shall
not discharge to adjoining property,natural water courses,public sewers or public
drainage channels unless the drain is so designed as to prevent the release of
flammable or combustible liquids.A valve operable from outside the dike shall be
provided in the dike system and shall normally be kept closed.Control of drainage
shall be accessible under fire conditions.
(e)Combustible Materials in Diked Areas.The diked area shall be kept free
of combustible material,empty or full drums or barrels.
Tank Valves
Sec.79.508.Each connection to an aboveground tank located below normal
liquid level shall be provided with an internal or external control valve located as
close as practicable to the shell of the tank. Except for liquids whose chemical
characteristics are incompatible with steel,such valves,when external,and their
connections to the tank shall be of steel.
Tank Connections
Sec. 79.509. (a) Normal Venting. 1. General. Atmospheric storage tanks
shall be adequately vented to prevent the development of vacuum or pressure
sufficient to distort the roof of a cone roof tank or exceeding the design pressure in
the case of other atmospheric tanks as a result of filling or emptying and atmo-
spheric temperature changes.
Normal vents shall be sized in accordance with nationally recognized engineer-
ing standards or shall be at least as large as the filling or withdrawal connection,
whichever is larger,but in no case less than 1 1/4-inch nominal inside diameter.See
Section 2.303(b).
Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels shall be adequately vented to prevent
development of pressure or vacuum, as a result of filling or emptying and
atmospheric temperature changes,from exceeding the design pressure of the tank
or vessel. Protection shall also be provided to prevent overpressure from any
pump discharging into the tank or vessel when the pump discharge pressure can
exceed the design pressure of the tank or vessel.
If any tank or pressure vessel has more than one fill or withdrawal connection
and simultaneous filling or withdrawal can be made,the vent size shall be based
on the maximum anticipated simultaneous flow.
253
79.509 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Tank venting systems shall be provided with sufficient capacity to prevent
blowback of vapor or liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled.Vent
pipes shall be not less than I 1/4-inch nominal inside diameter.The capacity of the
vent shall be based on the filling or withdrawal rate,whichever is greater,and the
vent line length. Unrestricted vent piping sized in accordance with Table No.
79.302 may be used to prevent back-pressure development in tanks from exceed-
ing 2.5 psig. Where tank venting devices are installed in vent lines, their flow
capacities shall be determined in accordance with nationally recognized stan-
dards.See Section 2.303(b).
The outlet of all vents and vent drains on tanks equipped with venting to permit
pressures exceeding 2.5 psig shall be arranged to discharge in such a way as to
prevent localized overheating of,or flame impingement on,any part of the tank in
the event vapors from such vents are ignited.
Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class I-A liquids shall be equipped with
venting devices which shall be normally closed, except when venting under
pressure or vacuum conditions.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Tanks of 3000-barrel capacity or less containing crude petro-
leum in crude producing areas.
2.Outside aboveground atmospheric tanks under 1000 gallon capacity.
3.Flame arresters or venting devices with integral flame arresters may be omitted
from Class I-B and Class I-C liquids where conditions are such that their use may,in
case of obstruction,result in tank damage.
Liquid properties justifying the omission of such devices include, but are not
limited to,condensation,corrosiveness,crystallization,polymerization,freezing or
plugging. When any of these conditions exist, consideration may be given to
heating,use of devices employing special materials of construction,the use of liquid
seals or inerting in accordance with nationally recognized engineering standards for
explosion-prevention systems.See Section 2.303(b).
4.Vent pipes 2 inches or less in nominal inside diameter and longer than 10 feet.
5.Tanks storing gasoline are exempt from the above requirements,provided the
vent pipes do not exceed 3 inches nominal inside diameter.
All vent-line flame arresters and venting devices shall be installed in accord-
ance with their listings.
2.Location and arrangement.Where vent pipe outlets for tanks storing Class
I liquids are adjacent to building or public ways,they shall be located so that the
vapors are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than 12 feet
above the adjacent ground level.In order to aid their dispersion,vapors shall be
discharged upward or horizontally away from closely adjacent walls.Vent outlets
shall be located so that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other
obstructions and shall be at least 5 feet from building openings or property lines
that may be built upon.
3.Installation of vent piping.Vent piping shall be installed in accordance with
Division VII,"Piping,Valves and Fittings."Vent pipes shall be installed so as to
drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect.Vent pipes
shall be installed in such a manner as to be not subject to physical damage or
vibration.
254
1988 EDITION 79.509
4.Manifolding.The manifolding of tank vent piping shall be avoided except
where required for special purposes such as vapor recovery,vapor conservation or
air pollution control. When tank vent piping is manifolded, pipe sizes shall be
such as to discharge,within the pressure limitations of the system,the vapors they
may be required to handle when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire
exposure. Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded
with vent piping for tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids unless positive
means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks
storing Class II or Class III liquids,to prevent contamination and possible change
in classification of the less volatile liquid.
(b)Emergency Relief Venting for Fire Exposure for Aboveground links.
1.General.Every aboveground storage tank shall have some form of construc-
tion or device that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by exposure
fires.
EXCEPTION:Tanks larger than 12,000-gallon capacity storing Class III-B
liquids and not within the diked area or the drainage path of Class I or Class II liquids
do not require emergency relief venting.
In a vertical tank the construction referred to above may take the form of a
floating roof,lifter roof,a weak roof-to-shell seam or other approved pressure-
relieving construction. The weak roof-to-shell seam shall be constructed to fail
preferential to any other seam.
Where entire dependence for emergency relief is placed upon pressure-
relieving devices,the total venting capacity of both normal and emergency vents
shall be enough to prevent rupture of the shell or bottom of the tank,if vertical,or
of the shell or heads,if horizontal.If unstable liquids are stored,the effects of heat
or gas resulting from polymerization, decomposition, condensation or self-
reactivity shall be taken into account. The total capacity of both normal and
emergency venting devices shall be not less than that derived from Table No.
79.509-A,except as provided in Subsections 3 and 4 below.Such device may be a
self-closing manhole cover,or one using long bolts that permit the cover to lift
under internal pressure, or an additional or larger relief valve or valves. The
wetted area of the tank shall be calculated on the basis of 55 percent of the total
exposed area of a sphere or spheroid, 75 percent of the total exposed area of a
horizontal tank and the first 30 feet above grade of the exposed shell area of a
vertical tank.(See Appendix VI-B for the square footage of typical tank sizes.)
255
79.509-A,79.509-8,79.509 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.79.509-A-WETTED AREA VERSUS CUBIC FEET FREE
AIR PER HOUR'
(14.7 psla and 60°F.)
SO.FT. CFH SO.Fr. CFH SQ.FT. CFH
20 21,100 200 211,000 1,000 524,000
30 31,600 250 239,000 1,200 557,000
40 42,100 300 265,000 1,400 587,000
50 52,700 350 288,000 1,600 614,000
60 63,200 400 312,000 1,800 639,000
70 73,700 500 354,000 2,000 662,000
80 84,200 600 392,000 2,400 704,000
90 94,800 700 428,000 2,800 742,000
100 105,000 800 462,000 and over
fs 120 126,000 900 493,000
140 147,000 1000 524,000
160 168,000
180 190,000
200 211,000
'Interpolate for intermediate values.
TABLE NO.79.509-B-WETTED AREA OVER 2800 SO.FT.AND PRESSURES
OVER 1 PSIG
SO.FT. CFH SO FT. CFH
2,800 742,000 9,000 1,930,000
3,000 786,000 10,000 2,110,000
3,500 892,000 15,000 2,940,000
4,000 995,000 20,000 3,720,000
4,500 1,100,000 25,000 4,470,000
5,000 1,250,000 30,000 5,190,000
6,000 1,390,000 35,000 5,900,000
7,000 1,570,000 40,000 6,5709000
8,000 1 1,760,000
2. Tanks and storage vessels over 1 psig. For tanks and storage vessels
designed for pressures over 1 psig,the total rate of venting shall be determined in
accordance with Table No.79.509-A,except that when the exposed wetted area of
the surface is greater than 2,800 square feet,the total rate of venting shall be in
accordance with Table No.79.509-B or calculated by the following formula:
CFH = 1,107 A°82
WHERE:
CFH = venting requirement,in cubic feet of free air per hour.
A = exposed wetted surface,in square feet.
The foregoing formula is based on Q = 21,000 A°82.
3. Venting capacity. The total emergency relief venting capacity for any
specific stable liquid may be determined by the following formula:
256
1988 EDITION 79.509
Cubic feet of free air per hour = V 1337
LV
V = cubic feet of free air per hour from Table No.79.509-A.
L = latent heat of vaporization of specific liquid in Btu per pound.
M = molecular weight of specific liquids.
4. Allowable reductions in vent capacities for stable liquids. For tanks
containing stable liquids,the required airflow rate in Subsection 1 or 3 above may
be multiplied by the appropriate factor listed in the following schedule when
protection is provided as indicated.Only one factor can be used for any one tank.
0.5 for drainage in accordance with requirements for remote impounding in
Section 79.507(b)for tanks over 200 square feet of wetted area.
0.3 for water spray in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No.79-2 and drain-
age in accordance with requirements for remote impounding in Section
79.507(b).
0.3 for insulation in accordance with Item A below.
0.15 for water spray with insulation in accordance with Item A below and
drainage in accordance with requirements for remote impounding in
Section 79.507(b).
Insulation systems for which credit is taken shall meet the following perform-
ance criteria:
A. Remain in place under fire-exposure conditions.
B. Withstand dislodgment when subjected to hose stream impingement dur-
ing fire exposure.This requirement may be waived where use of solid hose
streams is not contemplated or would not be practical.
C. Maintain a maximum conductance value of 4.0 Btu per hour per square foot
per degree F.when the outer insulation jacket or cover is at a temperature of
1660°F.and when the mean temperature of the insulation is 1000°F.
5.Termination of vent outlets where pressure exceeds 2.5 psig.The outlet
of all vents and vent drains on tanks equipped with emergency venting to permit
pressures exceeding 2.5 psig shall be arranged to discharge in such a way as to
prevent localized overheating of or flame impingement on any part of the tank in
the event vapors from such vents are ignited.
6.Venting device capacity.A.Identification.Each commercial tank-venting
device shall have stamped on it the opening pressure,the pressure at which the
valve reaches the full open position and the flow capacity at the latter pressure.If
the start-to-open pressure is less than 2.5 psig and the pressure at full open
position is greater than 2.5 psig,the flow capacity at 2.5 psig shall also be stamped
on the venting device.The flow capacity shall be expressed in cubic feet per hour
of air at 60°F.and zero pressure psig(14.7 psis).
B. Determination of capacity. The flow capacity of tank-venting devices
under 8 inches in nominal pipe size shall be determined by actual test of each type
and size of vent. These flow tests may be conducted by the manufacturer if t
257
79.509 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
certified by a qualified impartial observer or may be conducted by a qualified,
impartial outside agency. The flow capacity of tank venting devices 8 inches
nominal pipe size and larger,including manhole covers with long bolts or equiva-
lent,may be calculated,provided that the opening pressure is actually measured,
the rating pressure and corresponding free orifice area are stated, the word
"calculated" appears on the nameplate and the computation is based on a flow
coefficient of 0.5 applied to the rated orifice area.
C.A suitable formula for this calculation is:
CFH = 1667 CA P� ,—Pa
WHERE:
CFH = venting requirement in cubic feet of free air per hour.
Cf = 0.5(the flow coefficient).
A = the orifice area in square inches.
P, = the absolute pressure inside the tank in inches of water.
Pa = the absolute atmospheric pressure outside the tank in inches of water.
(c) Tank Openings Other than Vents. 1. General. Each connection to an
aboveground tank through which liquid can normally flow shall be provided with
an internal or an external valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank.
Each connection below the liquid level through which liquid does not normally
flow shall be provided with a liquid-tight closure.This may be a valve,plug or
blind,or a combination of these.
2.Openings for manual gaging.Openings for gaging on tanks storing Class I
liquids shall be provided with a vapor-tight cap or cover. Such covers shall be
closed when not gaging.
3. Fill pipe openings. For top-loaded tanks, metallic fill pipes shall be de-
signed and installed to minimize the generation of static electricity by terminating
the pipe within 6 inches of the bottom of the tank and it shall be installed to avoid
excessive vibration.
For Class I-13 and Class I-C liquids other than crude oils and asphalts,the fill
pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating
static electricity.
Filling and emptying connections for Classes I,II and III-A liquids which are
made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any
source of ignition and not less than 5 feet away from any building opening.Such
connections for any liquid shall be closed and liquid tight when not in use and shall
be properly identified.
4.Openings for vapor recovery.Vapor-recovery systems shall be in accord-
ance with Section 79.912.
5. Piping, valves and fittings. All connections, fittings or other appurte-
nances shall be installed in accordance with Division VII, "Piping,Valves and
Fittings."
258
1988 EDITION 79.510
Fire Protection
Sec.79.510.(a)General.Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with
nationally recognized standards.
(b)Tanks for Class I Liquids Spaced Less Than 50 Feet.When required by
the chief,foam fire protection shall be provided for any aboveground tank(except
pressure tanks operating at or above 1-pound-per-square-inch gage pressure)and
used for the storage of Class I flammable liquids when such tank or group of tanks
spaced less than 50 feet apart,shell to shell,has a liquid surface area in excess of
1500 square feet and when such tanks:
1. Are used for storage of crude oil,or
2. Are used for in-process products and are located within 100 feet of any
fired still, heater, related fractioning or processing apparatus, or similar
device at a processing apparatus,or similar device at a processing plant or
petroleum refinery as herein defined,or
3. Are considered by the chief as presenting an unusual exposure hazard
because of topographical conditions;nature of occupancy and proximity
on the same or adjoining property and height and character of liquids to be
stored;degree of private fire protection to be provided,and facilities of the
fire department to cope with flammable liquid fires.
(c)Foam Fire Protection.Where foam fire protection is required,installation
shall meet the requirements of U.F.C.Standard No.79-1,except that where tank
shells are accessible for the erection of portable foam applicators,for at least three
quarters of their perimeter,portable foam applicators shall be approved.
(d)Storage of Foaming Materials. Where foam fire protection is required,
foam-producing materials may be stored off the premises under the following
conditions:
1. Such materials stored off the premises shall be of the proper type suitable
for use in the equipment of the installation where required.
2. Such materials shall be immediately available at the storage location at all
times.
3. Adequate loading and transportation facilities shall be assured.
4. The time required to deliver such materials at the required location in the
event of fire shall not exceed two hours.
5. At the time of a fire,these off-premises supplies shall be accumulated in
sufficient quantities before placing the equipment in operation to ensure
foam production at an adequate rate without interruption until extinguish-
ment is effected.
259
79.601 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Division VI
TANK STORAGE UNDERGROUND,OUTSIDE OR
UNDER BUILDINGS
AMENGeneral
Sec. 79.601. (a)Location. A flammable or combustible liquid storage tank
may be located underground,outside of or under a building if such installation
meets the requirements of this section.The tank shall be so located with respect to
existing foundations and supports that the loads carried by the latter cannot be
transmitted to the tank.The distance from any part of a tank storing liquids to the
nearest wall of any basement,pit,cellar or property line shall be not less than 3
feet.A minimum distance of 1 foot,shell to shell,shall be maintained between
underground tanks.
(b)Depth and Cover.Excavation for underground storage tanks shall be made
with due care to avoid undermining of foundations of existing structures.Under-
ground tanks shall be set on firm foundation and surrounded with at least 6 inches
of noncorrosive inert material such as clean sand or gravel well tamped in place or
in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Tanks shall be
covered with a minimum of 2 feet of earth or shall be covered by not less than I
foot of earth,on top of which shall be placed a slab of reinforced concrete not less
than 4 inches thick.When underground tanks are or are likely to be subjected to
traffic,they shall be protected against damage from vehicles passing over them by
at least 3 feet of earth cover,or 18 inches of well-tamped earth plus 6 inches of
reinforced concrete, or 8 inches of asphaltic concrete. When asphaltic or rein-
forced concrete paving is used as part of the protection,it shall extend at least 1
foot horizontally beyond the outline of the tank in all directions.
For tanks built in accordance with Section 79.105, the burial depth and the
height of the vent line shall be such that the static head imposed at the bottom of
the tank will not exceed 10 psig if the fill or vent pipe is filled with liquid.
If the depth of cover exceeds 7 feet or the manufacturer's specifications,the
tank manufacturer shall be consulted to determine if reinforcements are required.
Nonmetallic underground tanks shall be installed in accordance with manufac-
turer's instructions. The minimum depth of cover shall be as specified in this
subsection.
(c)Anchorage.Where a tank may become buoyant due to a rise in the level of
the water table or due to location in an area that may be subjected to flooding,
suitable precautions shall be observed to anchor the tank in place.See Appendix
II-B or manufacturer's installation instructions for tanks in locations that may be
flooded.
(d) Leaking Tanks. Leaking tanks shall be promptly emptied and removed
from the ground,abandoned in accordance with Section 79.115,or the chief may
permit the tank to be repaired by an approved method and may require recommen-
dations from a qualified engineer.
260
17.56.200 Section 79.601 amended--Tank storage
underground, outside or under buildings. Section 79.601 is
amended to read as follows:
(a) Location. A flammable or combustible liquid
storage tank may be located underground, outside of or under a
building if such installation meets the requirements of this
i section. The tank shall be so located with respect to existing
foundations and support that the loads carried by the latter
cannot be transmitted to the tank. The distance from any part
of a tank storing liquids to the nearest wall of any basement,
pit, cellar or property line shall be not less than 3 feet. A
minimum distance of 1 foot, shell to shell, shall be maintained
between underground tanks.
The installation of underground combustible / flammable
liquid tanks is hereby prohibited in all residential
districts. The fire chief may authorize installation of
underground combustible / flammable liquid tanks in
agricultural districts. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord. 2638,
9/83; Ord. 2430, 7/80)
Sec. 79.601(d), page 260. Revise as follows:
(d) Leaking Tanks. Leaking tanks shall be promptly
emptied and removed from the ground, or abandoned in accordance
with Section 79.115.
Sec. 79.603, page 261. Revise as follows:
CORROSION PROTECTION
Sec. 79.603. All underground tanks and piping shall be
properly designed, installed and maintained, and protected from
corrosion by any of the following methods:
1. Through the use of cathodic protection systems in
accordance with recognized standards of design. See
Section 2.304(b).
2. Approved corrosion-resistant materails of construction
such as special alloys, nonmetallic, reinforced plastic
coastings, composites or equivalent systems.
If conditions based on adequate proof actually warrant the
deletion of he corrosion-protection requirements, the chief may
waive the corrosion-protection requirements.
260.1
New underground steel tanks and piping shall be tested by the
structure-to-soil-potential method after the system is in
operation. The tank manufacturer shall provide a structure
lead and a test station. The criteria for adquate corrosion
protection shall be in accordance with recognized standards.
Testing shall be done at installation and at least every five
years thereafter by qualified persons approved by the chief.
/ 260.2
i
1988 EDITION 79.601-79.604
Interior-lined underground tanks shall be protected from corrosion in accord-
ance with Section 79.603.
(e) Used Ibnks. Used tanks may be reinstalled if they comply with the
requirements of Section 79.105 and Section 79.603.See Section 2.303(b).
Design and Construction of Tanks
Sec.79.602.Underground tanks or enclosed tanks inside of buildings shall be
_ designed and constructed in accordance with Section 79.105.
NCCorrosion Protection
Sec. 79.603. All underground tanks and piping shall be properly designed,
installed and maintained,and protected from corrosive conditions by any of the
following methods:
1. Through the use of cathodic protection system in accordance with recog-
nized standards of design.See Section 2.303(b).
2. Approved corrosion-resistant materials of construction such as special
alloys,nonmetallics,reinforced plastic coatings,composites or equivalent
systems.
If conditions based on adequate proof actually warrant the deletion of the
corrosion-protection requirements,the chief may waive the corrosion-protection
requirements.
Tank Connections
Sec. 79.604. (a) Vents. 1. Vent capacity. Tank-venting systems shall be o,
provided with sufficient capacity to prevent blowback of vapor or liquid at'the fill
opening while the tank is being filled. Vent pipes shall be not less than 1'/4-inch
nominal inside diameter.The capacity of the vent shall be based on the filling or do;
withdrawal rate,whichever is greater,and the vent line length.Unrestricted vent
piping sized in accordance with Table No. 79.302 may be used to prevent back-
pressure development in tanks from exceeding 2.5 psig. Where tank-venting
devices are installed in vent lines, their flow capacities shall be determined in-
accordance with nationally recognized engineering standards.See Section 2.303
(b). (See section under emergency venting dealing with commercial venting
devices.)
2. Location and arrangement of vents for Class I liquids.Vent pipes from
underground storage tanks storing Class I liquids shall terminate outside of
buildings at a point not less than 8 feet above the fill pipe opening and not less than
12 feet above the adjacent ground level.Vent pipes shall discharge only upward or
horizontally in order to disperse vapors and shall be arranged so that flammable
vapors will not enter building openings,be trapped under eaves or other obstruc-
tions,nor discharge to hazardous locations.Vent lines shall not terminate within 5
feet of openings into a building nor within 5 feet of a property line that may be
built upon.
Vent pipes shall not be obstructed by devices provided for vapor recovery or
other purposes unless the tank and associated piping and equipment are otherwise
protected to limit back-pressure development to less than the maximum working
261
79.604 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
pressure of the tank and equipment by the provisions of pressure/vacuum vents,
rupture discs or other tank-venting devices installed in the tank vent lines. Vent
outlets and devices shall be protected to minimize the possibility of blockage from
weather,snow,dirt or insect nests.
Tanks containing Class I-A liquids shall be equipped with pressure and vacuum
venting devices with integral flame arresters which shall be normally closed
except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions. Tanks storing Class
I-B or Class I-C liquids shall be equipped with pressure/vacuum venting devices
or with listed flame arresters.
EXCEPTION: Vent pipes 2 inches or less in nominal inside diameter and longer
than 10 feet shall not be obstructed by devices that will reduce their capacity and,
thus,cause extensive back pressure.In addition,tanks storing gasoline are exempt
from the above requirements for pressure/vacuum venting devices except as required
for excessive back pressure,or flame arresters,provided the vent does not exceed 3
inches nominal inside diameter.
Vent lines from tanks shall not be used for other purposes except when
approved by the chief.
All vent line flame arresters and venting devices shall be installed in accor-
dance with their listings.
3. Location and arrangement of vents for Class II or Class III-A liquids.
Vent pipes from tanks storing Class II or Class III-A liquids shall terminate in
accordance with Section 79.302(a)2.
4.Installation of vent piping.Vent piping shall be constructed in accordance
with Division VII, "Piping, Valves and Fittings." Vent pipes and vapor-return
piping shall be so laid as to drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which
liquid can collect.Condensate tanks,if utilized,shall be installed and maintained
so as to preclude the blocking of the vapor-return piping by liquid.The vent pipes
and condensate tanks shall be so located that they will not be subjected to physical
damage. The tank end of the vent pipe shall enter the tank through the top. The
lower end of vent pipes shall not extend into the tank more than 1 inch.
5.Manifolding.When tank vent piping is manifolded,pipe sizes shall be such
as to discharge,within the pressure limitations of the system,the vapors they can
be required to handle when manifolded tanks are filled simultaneously.Float-type
check valves installed in tank openings connected to manifold vent piping to
prevent product contamination may be used,provided that the static head imposed
at the bottom of the tank will not exceed 10 psig if the fill or vent pipe is filled with
liquid when the valves are closed.
EXCEPTION:For service stations,the capacity of manifolded vent piping shall
be sufficient to discharge vapors generated when two manifolded tanks are simul-
taneously filled.
Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent
piping for tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids unless positive means are
provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing
Class II or Class III liquids to prevent contamination and possible change in
classification of the less volatile liquid.
262
1988 EDITION 79.604-79.605
(b)Tank Openings Other than Vents for Underground Tanks. 1.General.
All connections,fittings or other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance
with Division VII,"Piping,Valves and Fittings."
2.Openings for manual gaging.Openings for manual gaging,if independent
of the fill pipe,shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap or cover.Covers shall be
kept closed when not gaging. If inside a building, each such opening shall be
protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring-
loaded check valve or other approved device.
3.Fill pipe and discharge lines.Fill pipe and discharge lines shall enter tanks
only through the top.Fill lines shall be sloped toward the tank.Underground tanks
for Class I liquids having a capacity of more than 1,000 gallons shall be equipped
with a tight fill device for connecting the fill hose to the tank.
For Class I liquids other than crude oils, gasolines and asphalts,the fill pipe
shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating
static electricity by terminating within 6 inches of the bottom of the tank.
4.Location of connections that are made or broken.Filling and emptying
and vapor-recovery connections for Classes I,II and III-A liquids which are made
and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source
of ignition and not less than 5 feet away from any building opening. Such
connections shall be closed and liquid tight when not in use and shall be properly
identified.
5.Protection against vapor release.Tank openings provided for purposes of
vapor recovery shall be protected against possible vapor release by means of a
spring-loaded check valve or dry-break connection, or other approved device,
unless the opening is pipe-connected to a vapor-processing system. Openings
designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against
vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line to the fill pipe simul-
taneously connects the vapor-recovery line.All connections shall be vapor tight.
Testing
Sec. 79.605. (a)General. Before being covered or placed in use, tanks and
piping connected to underground tanks shall be tested for tightness in the presence
of the chief.For pipe testing,see Section 79.708.The system shall not be covered
until it has been approved.
(b) New Underground Tanks. New underground tanks shall be tested for
tightness hydrostatically or pneumatically at not less than 3 pounds per square
inch and not more than 5 pounds per square inch for 30 minutes. Pneumatic
testing shall not be used on a tank containing flammable or combustible liquids or
vapors.
(c)Existing Tanks and Piping.Existing underground storage tanks and piping
shall be tested for leakage at the owner's or operator's expense when the chief has
reasonable cause to believe a leak exists.Orders requiring testing on underground
tanks or piping shall indicate that the test be completed by a specified date.Tanks
shall be emptied of flammable or combustible liquids and piping and other
263
79.605-79.702 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
equipment shall not be used if required tests are not completed within the
specified time.
When testing is required,owners or operators shall provide the chief with data
setting forth the method of testing that is to be used and shall submit the name of a
qualified individual who will conduct the test.The method of testing to be used
shall consider the effects of temperature,pressure and other variables and shall
establish conclusively whether the tank or piping is leaking. Pneumatic testing
shall not be used for tanks.For piping,see Section 79.708.
Devices used for final testing of tanks shall be capable of detecting leaks as
small as 0.05 gallon per hour. Leaking piping and equipment shall not be used
until repaired or replaced.For leaking tanks,see Section 79.601(d)
The chief may require that the test be conducted in his presence.
(d) Used Tanks. Used tanks intended for flammable or combustible liquid
service shall be tested as required for new tanks.See also Section 79.601.(e).
Division VII
PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS
Materials and Design
Sec. 79.701. (a) General. Piping, valves, fittings and related components
intended for use with flammable and combustible liquids shall be designed and
fabricated from suitable materials having adequate strength and durability to
withstand the pressures, structural stress and exposures to which they may be
subjected. Such equipment shall conform to nationally recognized engineering
standards,be listed for the application or be approved by the chief.See Section
2.303(b).Nonmetallic piping,if used,shall be installed as per the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
(b)Low Melt Point Materials.Low melting point materials, such as alumi-
num, copper and brass; or materials which soften on fire exposure, such as
nonmetallic materials;or nonductible materials, such as cast iron, may be used
underground for all liquids within their pressure and temperature limitations. If
such materials are used outdoors in aboveground piping systems or within
buildings,they shall be either:
1. Suitably protected against fire exposure,or
2. So located that any leakage resulting from the failure would not unduly
expose persons,buildings or structures,or
3. Located where leakage can readily be controlled by operation of an
accessible remotely located valve or valves.
Protection Against Corrosion and Galvanic Action
Sec.79.702.All piping,related fluid-handling components and supports for
both underground and aboveground applications where subject to external corro-
sion shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materials, coated or provided with
corrosion protection as specified in Section 79,603.
264
1988 EDITION 79.702-79.707
Dissimilar metallic parts which promote galvanic action shall not be joined
together.
Valves
Sec. 79.703. Pipe systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to
operate the system properly and to protect the plant.Pipe systems in connection
with pumps shall contain a sufficient number of valves to control properly the
flow of liquid in normal operation and in the event of physical damage.Connec-
tions to piping by which equipment, such as tank cars,tank vehicles or marine
vessels,discharges liquids into storage tanks shall be provided with check valves
for automatic protection against backflow.
Supports
Sec. 79.704. Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protected
against physical damage and excessive stresses arising from settlement, vibra-
tion,expansion or contraction.
Swing Joints
Sec. 79.705. Approved swing joints shall be installed on all underground
liquid, vapor and vent piping where the piping leaves the dispensing island or
location and just before connecting to any underground tank fittings.Swing joints
shall also be installed on piping that is rigidly supported or connected between
fixed points and which is subject to thermal expansion or differential movements.
Listed flexible connectors may be used in lieu of swing joints with approval of the
chief.
Pipe Joints
Sec. 79.706. Joints shall be made liquid tight and shall be either welded,
flanged or threaded.Threaded joints shall be made up tight with a suitable thread
sealant or lubricant. Joints in piping systems used for Class I liquids shall be
welded when located in concealed spaces within buildings. Approved nonmet-
allic joints may be used when installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
Pipe joints dependent upon the friction characteristics or resiliency of combus-
tible materials for mechanical continuity or liquid tightness of piping shall not be
used inside buildings. They may be used outside of buildings aboveground or
belowground.If used aboveground outside of buildings,the piping shall either be
secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting,or the piping system shall be so
designed that any spill resulting from disengagement will not unduly expose
persons, buildings or structures, and will be readily controllable by remote
valves.
Bends
Sec.79.707.Pipe and tubing shall not be bent in excess of 90 degrees nor at a
radius less than five diameters of the nominal trade size of the pipe or tube when
the radius is measured from the inside edge of the pipe or tube.
265
79.708-79.802 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Testing
Sec. 79.708. Unless tested in accordance with the applicable sections of
nationally recognized standards for pressure piping [see Section 2.303 (b)], all
piping,before being covered,enclosed or placed in use,shall be hydrostatically
tested to 150 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of.the system, or
pneumatically tested to 110 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the
system,but not less than 5-pound-per-square-inch gage at the highest point of the
system. This test shall be maintained for a sufficient time period to complete
visual inspection of all joints and connections but for at least 10 minutes there
shall be no leakage or permanent distortion.Care should be exercised to ensure
that these pressures are not applied to vented aboveground,underground or inside
storage tanks,as they should be tested independently from the piping.
Existing piping shall be tested as described above when the chief has reason-
able cause to believe that a leak exists. Piping that may contain flammable or
combustible liquids shall not be tested pneumatically. Such tests shall be at the
expense of the owner or operator. See Section 79.605(c).
Division Vill
USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING
Scope
Sec.79.801. This division applies to the use,dispensing and mixing of Class I,
II or III-A liquids at inside and at outside locations for both portable and fixed
operations. In addition, this division shall apply to tank vehicle loading and
unloading facilities. .
Inside Operations
Sec.79.802.(a)General.All mixing,blending and similar operations involv-
ing the use of Class I, II or III-A liquids shall be performed in an inside use,
dispensing and mixing room constructed to meet the requirements of a Group H,
Division 2 Occupancy as defined in the Building Code.
EXCEPTION:When approved by the chief,dispensing of Class II or Class III-A
liquids from a single container having a capacity of not more than 60 gallons may be
permitted outside of an inside use,dispensing and mixing room.The storage and use
of 10 gallons or less of Class I or Class II liquids or 60 gallons or less of Class III
liquids in containers may be permitted outside of an inside use, dispensing and
mixing room or flammable liquid cabinet. All quantities so allowed shall be
considered as contributing to the totals allowed in Sections 79.201(e)4(i)and(ii).
Special conditions may be imposed by the chief regarding locations, types of
containers,dispensing units,fire-control measures and other factors involving fire
safety.
See Division IX for dispensing in service stations and Division X for dispens-
ing on farms and construction projects.
(b)Dispensing Equipment.Class I and Class II liquids shall not be dispensed
by gravity from tanks,drums,barrels or similar containers.Dispensing devices
for flammable or combustible liquids shall be of an approved type.An exception
266
1988 EDITION 79.802-79.804
may be granted where the nature of the liquid to be dispensed makes such a
restriction impractical. Approved pumps taking suction from the top of the
container shall be used.Flammable or combustible liquids shall not be dispensed
by a device that operates through pressure within a storage tank or container,
unless the tank or container has been approved as a pressure vessel for the use to
which it is subjected. Air or oxygen shall not be used to pressurize an approved
pressure vessel.Class I liquids shall be dispensed only from approved safety cans
or original containers.
(c) Closure of Mixing or Blending Vessels. Vessels used for mixing or
blending of Class I flammable liquids shall be provided with self-closing,tight-
fitting,noncombustible lids that will control the fire within such vessel.Where
such devices'are impractical,automatic or manually controlled fire-extinguishing
devices approved by the chief shall be provided.
(d)Bonding of Vessels.Vessels shall be electrically connected by bond wires,
piping or similar means where differences of potential could otherwise be created
by the accumulation of static electricity charges.
(e) Control of Spills or Connection to Sewers. Provision shall be made to
prevent flammable or combustible liquids which may be spilled at loading or
unloading points from entering public sewer and drainage systems or natural
waterways.Connections to such sewers,drains or waterways by which flammable
or combustible liquids might enter shall be provided with separator boxes or other
approved means whereby such entry is precluded. Crankcase drainings and
flammable or combustible liquids shall not be dumped into sewers but shall be
stored in tanks or tight drums outside of any buildings until removed from the
premises.
Container-filling Facilities
Sec. 79.863. (a) Manual Operations. Class I liquids shall not be run into
containers unless the nozzle and containers are electrically interconnected. The
provisions of this section shall be deemed to have been complied with where the
metallic floor plates on which the container stands while filling are electrically
connected to the fill stem or where the fill stem is bonded to the container during
filling by means of a bond wire.
(b) Automatic Operations. Container-filling operations for Class I liquids
involving conveyor belts or other automatic-feeding operations shall be ade-
quately designed to prevent static accumulations.
Design and Construction of Inside Use,Dispensing and Mixing
Room
Sec.79.804.An inside use,dispensing and mixing room shall be constructed in
accordance with the Building Code for a Group H,Division 2 Occupancy and the
following:
1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided and shall be designed and
installed in an approved manner for extrahazardous locations. An auto-
matic sprinkler system may be connected to the domestic water supply
main in accordance with Section 10.305(d). Openings to other rooms or
267
79.804-79.806 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
buildings shall be provided with noncombustible liquid-tight raised sills or
ramps at least 4 inches in height,or the floor in the room shall be at least 4
inches below surrounding floors.A permissible alternate to the sill or ramp
is an open-grated trench inside of the room,extending 1 foot wider than the
door opening,which drains to a safe location.The room shall be provided
with approved self-closing fire doors.
Electrical wiring and equipment located in inside storage rooms shall be
ME approved for Class I,Division 1 hazardous locations in accordance with the
Electrical Code.
3. Ventilation shall be designed to provide for a complete change of air within
the room at least six times per hour. Ventilation shall be installed in
accordance with the provisions of the Mechanical Code. It shall be con-
trolled by a switch located outside of the door.The ventilation equipment
and any lighting fixtures shall be operated by the same switch.An indicator
light shall be installed adjacent to the switch if Class I flammable liquids
are dispensed or used within the room.
4. Heating shall be restricted to low-pressure steam or hot water and to
electric units approved for Class I hazardous locations.
5. Adequate explosion venting shall be provided in accordance with an
approved design.
6. Exit facilities shall be provided in accordance with the Building Code.
7. Drainage facilities shall be provided to direct liquid leakage and fire-
protection water to a safe location away from the building,any important
valve or adjoining property.
8. Emergency drainage systems containing Classes I, 11 and III-A liquids
connected to a public sewer or discharging into public waterways shall be
equipped with traps or separators to prevent flammable or combustible
liquids from entering the public sewer or waterways.
9. Open flames,smoking and other sources of ignition shall not be permitted
inside the room.
10. Materials which will react with water or other liquids to produce a hazard
shall not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible
liquids.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.805.Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10.
Dispensing Outside of Buildings
Sec.79.806.(a)Location on Property.Dispensing operations shall be located
on an area graded in a manner to direct spills away from buildings,storage piles or
any other exposures to a safe impounding area,or shall be surrounded by a curb at
least 6 inches high.Where curbs are used,provisions shall be made for draining
accumulations of groundwater or rainwater or spills of liquids. Drains shall
terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible under fire conditions.
268
Section 79.804, page 268. Revise item 2 as follows
2. Electrical wiring and equipment located within
use, dispensing and mixing rooms shall be approved
J for Class I, Division I hazardous locations in
accordance with the Electrical Code.
268.1
1988 EDITION 79.806-79.807
Dispensing shall be conducted at least 15 feet from any building,any combusti-
ble material,or any storage of Class I,II or III liquids,and at least 25 feet from
any opening in a building,any property line,or any street,alley or public way.
(b)Dispensing. Dispensing of Class I liquids shall be from only(1)original
shipping containers with a capacity of 5 gallons or less,(2)from safety cans,(3)
through closed piping system or(4)from a portable tank or container by means of
a listed pump or device drawing through an opening in the top of the tank or
container.Class H or III-A liquids may be dispensed from a container by gravity
through a listed self-closing valve or self-closing faucet.
Class II or III liquids may also be dispensed using inert gas or water,provided
the tank or container has been approved as a vessel for the use to which it is
subjected.Dispensing of liquids by water pressure or inert gas is permitted only if
controls,including pressure-relief devices,are provided to limit the pressure so it
cannot exceed the design pressure of the vessel,tank or container.Air or oxygen
shall not be used to pressurize any container for dispensing.
Dispensing from underground storage tanks shall be in accordance with Divi-
sion IX,Service Stations.
(c)Ignition Sources.1.Open flame.Smoking,open flame or other sources of
ignition shall be prohibited within 25 feet of the dispensing area. Legible signs
with the words NO SMOKING printed thereon shall be posted in conspicuous
locations around the dispensing area.
2.Electrical devices.Electrical wiring and equipment in the dispensing area
shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.
3. Static accumulation. When Class I or Class II liquids are dispensed,
adequate grounding and bonding shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of
static electricity.See Section 79.807(a)3.
(d)Fire Protection.Fire protection shall be provided in the dispensing area in
accordance with Article 10.
Loading and Unloading Facilities
Sec.79.807. (a)Tank Vehicle Loading Racks. 1. Construction. Noncom-
bustible materials only shall be used for the construction of loading racks.
2.Location.Tank vehicle loading racks dispensing Class I,II or III-A liquids
shall be separated from tanks,warehouses or other plant buildings, and nearest
property line that may be built upon by a clear distance of not less than 25 feet,
measured from the nearest position of any fill stem. Buildings for pumps or for
shelter of loading personnel may be part of the loading rack.
3.Static protection.Loading racks shall be equipped with protection against
the accumulation of static charges during truck-filling operations.Bonding facili-
ties shall be provided during the loading of tank vehicles through open domes(1)
where Class I liquids are loaded or(2)where Classes II and III liquids are loaded
into vehicles which may contain vapors from previous cargos of Class I liquids.
Protection shall consist of a metallic bond wire permanently electrically con-
nected to the fill stem or to some part of the rack structure in electrical contact with
269
79.807 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
the fill stem. The fill stem pipe assembly must form a continual electrically
conductive path downstream from the point of bonding.The free end of such bond
wire shall be provided with a clamp or equivalent device for convenient attach-
ment to some metallic part in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank
vehicle.Protection shall consist of a flexible bond wire of adequate strength for
the intended service and the electrical resistance shall not exceed 1 megohm.
Such bonding connection shall be fastened to the vehicle or tank before dome
covers are raised and shall remain in place until filling is completed and all dome
covers have been closed and secured.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where vehicles are loaded exclusively with products not
having a static-accumulating tendency,such as asphalts,including cutback asphalts,
most crude oils,residual oils and water-soluble liquids.
2.When no Class I liquids are handled at the loading facility and the tank vehicles
loaded are used exclusively for Class II and Class III liquids.
3.Where vehicles are loaded or unloaded through closed top or bottom connec-
tions whether the hose or pipe is conductive or nonconductive.
Filling through open domes into the tanks of tank vehicles that contain vapor-
air mixtures within the flammable range or where the liquid being filled can form
such a mixture shall be by means of a downspout which extends near the bottom of
the tank.
4. Drag chains.Drag chains or similar devices on tank vehicles shall not be
deemed to meet the requirement of the preceding paragraph for static protection.
5.Signs.Legible signs shall be maintained at the entrance gate or gates of each
bulk plant and near each loading rack with the words NO SMOKING printed
thereon.
6.Fencing.Each loading rack or property upon which a loading rack is located
shall be surrounded by a fence not less than 5 feet in height,constructed of wire
mesh,solid metal sheathing or masonry.No person shall load or unload or permit
the loading or unloading of a tank vehicle unless such vehicle is entirely within
such enclosure. No person shall drive or permit the driving of any tank vehicle
into or from the premises of a bulk plant except while traveling in a forward
direction.
EXCEPTION:Existing installations where adequate public safety exists due to
isolation,natural barriers or other factors as determined by the chief.
7. Top loading. When top loading a tank vehicle with Class I and Class II
liquids without vapor control,valves used for the final control of flow shall be of
the self-closing type and shall be manually held open except where automatic
means are provided for shutting off the flow when the vehicle is full.It shall be
unlawful for any person to tie or lock such a self-closing valve in the open
position.When top loading a tank vehicle with vapor control,flow control shall
be in accordance with Subsection 8 below.
8.Bottom loading.When bottom loading a tank vehicle with or without vapor
control,a positive means shall be provided for loading a predetermined quantity
of liquid,together with an automatic secondary shutoff control to prevent over-
270
1988 EDITION 79.807
fill. The connecting components between the loading rack and the tank vehicle
required to operate the secondary control shall be functionally compatible.
When bottom loading a tank vehicle that is equipped for vapor control but when
vapor control is not used,the tank shall be vented to the atmosphere to prevent
pressurization of the tank.Such venting shall be at a height not lower than the top
of the cargo tank on the vehicle.
When bottom loading a tank vehicle,the coupling between the liquid loading
hose or pipe and the truck piping shall be by means of a dry disconnect coupling.
Connections to the plant vapor-control system shall be designed to prevent the
escape of vapor to the atmosphere when not connected to a tank vehicle.
Vapor-processing equipment shall be separated from aboveground tanks,ware-
houses,other plant buildings,loading and unloading facilities or nearest line of
adjoining property that can be built upon by a distance of at least 25 feet.Vapor-
processing equipment shall be protected against physical damage by remote
location or by the provision of guardrails,curbs or fencing.
9. Switch loading. No tank vehicle which has previously contained Class I
liquids shall be loaded with Class II or Class III liquids until such tank vehicle and
all piping, pumps, hoses and meters connected thereto have been completely
drained and flushed.
10.Electrical equipment.All wiring and electrical equipment located within
25 feet of any portion of the loading rack shall be designed,operated and installed
so as not to create an ignition hazard.Electrical equipment shall be designed and
installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. The chief shall determine the
extent of the Class I location when a condition is not covered by the Electrical
Code.See Section 79.1407(b).
(b)Thnk Car Loading Racks. 1. Construction. Noncombustible materials
only shall be used for the construction of loading racks.
2.Location.Tank car loading racks dispensing Class I,II or III-A liquids shall
be separated from tanks,warehouses or other plant buildings and nearest property
line that may be built upon by a clear space of not less than 25 feet,measured from
the nearest position of any fill stem.Buildings for pumps or for shelter of loading
personnel may be part of the loading rack.
3.Static protection.Where the resistance of a tank car to ground through the
rails is 25 ohms or greater,bonding shall be provided as in Section 79.807(a)3.
4.Stray current protection.Tank car loading facilities where Class I,II or III-
A liquids are loaded or unloaded through open domes shall be protected against
stray currents by permanently bonding the pipe to at least one rail and to the rack
structure.Multiple pipes entering the rack area shall be permanently electrically
bonded together.In areas where excessive stray currents are known to exist,all
pipes entering the rack area shall be provided with insulating sections to electri-
cally isolate the rack piping from the pipe lines.
5.Signs.Legible signs shall be maintained at the entrance gate or gates of each
bulk plant and near each loading rack with the words NO SMOKING printed
thereon.
271
79.807-79.808 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
6.Fencing.Each loading rack or property upon which a loading rack is located
shall be surrounded by a fence not less than 5 feet in height,constructed of wire
mesh,solid metal sheathing or masonry.No person shall load or unload or permit
the loading or unloading of a tank car unless such tank car is entirely within such
enclosure.
EXCEPTION:Existing installations where adequate public safety exists due to
isolation,natural barriers or other factors as determined by the chief.
M
7.Switch loading.No tank car which has previously contained Class I liquids
shall be loaded with Class II or Class III liquids until such tank car and all piping,
pumps, hoses and meters connected thereto have been completely drained and
flushed. .
(c) Fire Protection. Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with
Article 10.Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided for the extin-
guishment of fires as designated in U.F.C.Standard No.10-1.Extinguishers shall
be provided and maintained, having a minimum classification of 40-B at each
loading rack. Suitable fire-control devices, such as small hose or portable fire
extinguishers, shall be available to locations where fires are likely to occur.
Additional fire-control equipment may be required by the chief where an unusual
exposure hazard exists.Such additional fire-control equipment shall be sufficent
to extinguish a fire in the largest tank.The design and amount of such equipment
shall be in accordance with approved engineering standards.
Unloading Operations
Sec. 79.808. (a) Transfer Apparatus. Transfer apparatus shall be of an
approved type.
(b)Storage Tanks. Class I,II or III liquids shall be transferred from a tank
vehicle or tank car only into an approved atmospheric tank or approved portable
tank.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Liquids used as fuels may be transferred from tank vehicles
into fuel tanks of aircraft,marine craft,motor vehicles or special equipment when
approval is granted by the chief,provided:
A. The tank vehicle's specific function is that of supplying fuel to fuel tanks.
B. The operation is not performed where the public is invited or where there is
unusual exposure to life and property.
C. The dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet in length.
D. The dispensing nozzle is an approved type.
2. When such tank vehicle or tank is disabled through accident or mechanical
failure and it becomes necessary to remove the cargo at that location,such cargo
may be transferred to another tank vehicle or tank car:
(c) Time Limit. Tank vehicles and tank cars shall be unloaded as soon as
possible after arrival at point of delivery and shall not be used as storage tanks.
Tank cars shall be unloaded only on private sidings or railroad siding facilities
equipped for transferring the liquid between tank cars and permanent storage
tanks.Unless otherwise permitted by the chief,a tank car shall not be allowed to
remain on a siding at point of delivery for more than 24 hours while connected for
transfer operations.
272
1988 EDITION 79.808-79.902
(d)Inside Buildings.Tank vehicles or tank cars shall not be located inside any
building while unloading Class I,H or III-A liquids,unless approved by the chief.
EXCEPTION:A tank vehicle may be located under the canopy of an automotive
service station.
(e)Vehicle Motor.Motors of tank vehicles shall be shut off during the making
and breaking of hose connections and during the unloading operation. .
EXCEPTION:When unloading is done with a pump deriving its power from the
tank vehicle motor.
(f)Attendant.The operator or other competent person shall be in attendance at
all times while a tank vehicle or tank car is discharging cargo. Whenever
practicable,the tank vehicle or tank car shall be positioned so that the operating
controls and the discharging end of the hose or hoses are both in view.of the
operator or other competent person.
(g)Chock Blocks.At least two chock blocks not less than 5 inches by 5 inches
by 12 inches in size and dished to fit the contour of tires shall be used during
unloading operations of tank vehicles.
Division IX
SERVICE STATIONS
Scope
Sec. 79.901. This division applies to both automotive and marine service
stations.It is the intent of this division to prohibit service stations at bulk plants '
unless such use is in compliance with the provisions of this division and com-
pletely separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk
a
I�h
operations are conducted.
d_
Storage
Sec.79.902.(a)Class I Liquids in Basements or Pits.Class I liquids shall not `
be stored or used within a building having a basement or pit into which flammable
vapors may travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation designed to
prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein.
(b)General Provisions:Class I liquids shall be stored in closed containers,or
in tanks located underground or in special enclosures as described in Section
79.902(c).Class II and Class III-A liquids shall be stored in containers or in tanks
located underground or in special enclosures as described in Section 79.902(c).A
connection shall not be made between any aboveground tank and any under-
ground tank.
The temporary use of portable or semiportable tanks in conjunction with the
dispensing of Class 1,II or III-A liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or
other motorized equipment on premises not normally accessible to the public is
permitted.However,such installation shall be made only with the approval of the
chief.
273
79.902 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(c)Special Enclosures. When installation of tanks in accordance with Divi-
sion VI is impractical or because of property or building limitations, tanks for
Class I,II or III-A liquids may be installed in buildings if enclosed as follows:
Enclosure shall be liquid tight and vapor tight without backfill. Sides, top and
bottom of the enclosure shall be of reinforced concrete at least 6 inches thick,with
openings for inspection through the top only.Tank connections shall be so piped or
closed that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space. Means
shall be provided whereby portable equipment may be employed to discharge to
the outside any vapors which might accumulate should leakage occur.
Tanks containing Class I, II or III-A liquids shall not exceed 6000 gallons
individual or 18,000 gallons aggregate.
(d) Storage Inside Buildings. Class I, II or III-A liquids may be stored in
approved containers inside service station buildings in accordance with Section
��pp�q������r79.201(e)3.
"� M (e)Dispensing. Class I liquids shall not be dispensed or transferred within a
service station building,except as provided in Section 79.903(d). Class II and
Class III-A liquids may be dispensed in lubrication or service rooms of a service
station building,provided the heating equipment complies with Section 79.906
and electrical equipment complies with Section 79.905.Delivery of any Class I,
II or III-A liquid shall not be made into portable containers unless such container
is of approved material and construction,having a tight closure with screwed or
spring cover, so designed that the contents can be dispensed without spilling.
Class I or Class II liquids shall not be dispensed into the fuel tank of.a motor
vehicle from aboveground tanks.
(f)Maintenance Testing. All leak-detecting devices shall be tested annually
by the owner or occupant of the property on which they are located.All test results
shall be maintained on the premises and available to the chief upon request.
(g)Inventory Control.Accurate daily inventory records shall be maintained
and reconciled on all Classes 1,II and III-A liquid storage tanks for indication of
possible leakage from tank and piping.The records shall be kept at the premises
and available to the chief upon request and shall include,as a minimum,records
showing,by product,daily reconciliation between sales,use,receipts and inven-
tory on hand.If there is more than one system consisting of tanks serving separate
pumps or dispenser for any product, the reconciliation shall be ascertained
separately for each tank system:A consistent or accidental loss of Class I,II or
III-A liquids shall be immediately reported to the local fire department.
(h)Safety Rules.There shall be no smoking or open flames in the areas used
for fueling, servicing internal combustion engines, receiving or dispensing of
Class I,II or III-A liquids.There shall be no dispensing into unapproved contain-
ers.The motors of all vehicles being fueled shall be stopped.
Conspicuous signs prohibiting smoking, prohibiting dispensing into unap-
proved containers, and requiring vehicle motors stopped during fueling opera-
tions shall be posted within sight of each customer being served.
274
1988 EDITION 79.902-79.903
(i) Communications. During hours of operation, the system's site shall be
provided with a fire-alarm transmitting device.Such a device may be a telephone
not requiring a coin to operate.
Dispensing Services
Sec.79.903.(a)Design and Construction.Class I and Class II liquids shall be
, ttransferred from underground tanks by means of fixed pumps so designed and
equipped as to allow control of the flow and to prevent leakage or accidental
discharge.Supplemental means shall be provided outside of the dispensing device
whereby the source of power may be readily disconnected in the event of fire or
other accident. Dispensing devices for Class I, II or III-A liquids shall be of
approved type. See Section 2.303 (b). Class I, II or III-A liquids shall be
dispensed by approved pumps taking suction through the top of the container.
Class I,II or III-A liquids shall not be dispensed by a device that operates through
pressure within a storage tank or container unless the tank or container has been
approved as a pressure vessel for the use to which it is subjected.In no case shall
air or oxygen pressure be used for dispensing flammable Class I, II or II1-A
liquids.This section does not prohibit use permitted by Section 79.904.
A listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve with or without a latch-open
device shall be provided on island-type dispensers used for dispensing Class I,II
or III-A liquids.
Overhead-type dispensing units shall be provided with a listed automatic-
closing-type hose nozzle valve without a latch-open device.A listed automatic-
closing-type hose nozzle valve with latch-open device may be used if the design of
the system is such that the hose nozzle valve will close automatically in the event
the valve is released from a fill opening or upon impact with a driveway.
Where dispensing of Class I,II or III-A liquids is performed by someone other
than a qualified attendant,a listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve shall
be used incorporating the following features: '-
1. The hose nozzle valve shall be equipped with an integral latch-open device. e
2 When the flow of product is normally controlled by devices or equipment
other than the hose nozzle valve, the hose nozzle valve shall not be capable of
being opened unless the delivery hose is pressurized.If pressure to the hose is lost,
the nozzle shall close automatically.
EXCEPTION:Vapor recovery nozzles incorporating insertion interlock de-
vices designed to achieve shutoff upon disconnect with vehicle fill pipe.
3. The hose nozzle shall be designed in such a way that the nozzle is retained in
the fill pipe during the filling operation.
(b)Supervision.The dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids into the fuel tank
of a vehicle or into a container shall at all times be under the supervision of a
qualified attendant.
EXCEPTION: Supervision by a qualified attendant is not required at locations, e
provided:
1. The owner or operator provides and is accountable for:
A. At least daily site visits. -
275
79.903 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
B. Regular equipment inspection and maintenance.
C. Conspicuously posting instructions for safe operation of dispensing equip-
ment. -
D. Posting the phone number of the owner or operator.
2. A sign, in addition to that required in Section 79.902 (h), is posted.in a
conspicuous location stating:
IN CASE OF FIRE OR SPILL
1.Use emergency pump shutoff!
2.Report the accident
Fire Department No.
Facility address
3. Dispensing equipment complies with one of the following:
A. The amount of fuel being dispensed is limited in quantity by a preprogrammed
card,or
B. Dispensing devices shall be programmed or set to limit uninterrupted fuel
delivery to 25 gallons and shall require a manual action to resume continued
delivery,or
C. Product delivery hoses are equipped with a listed emergency breakaway
device designed to retain liquid on both sides of the breakaway point. Such
devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with manufacturer's
€ instructions.
The attendant's primary function shall be to supervise,observe and control the
dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids while said liquids are being dispensed.It
shall be the responsibility of the attendant to prevent the dispensing of Class I and
Class II liquids into portable containers not in compliance with Section
79.104(a),control sources of ignition,and to give immediate attention to acci-
dental spills and fire extinguishers,if needed.
(c)Location. Dispensing devices at automotive service stations shall be lo-
cated a minimum distance of 10 feet from a property_line and so located that all
parts of a vehicle being serviced will be on the premises of the service station.In
addition, the location of dispensing devices shall be in accordance with the
following:
1. Dispensing devices at automotive service stations shall be located not less
than 10 feet from any building which is less than one-hour fire-resistive
construction. Such dispensing devices shall also be located so that the
nozzle, when hose is fully extended, shall not reach within 5 feet of any
building opening.
2. Dispensing units shall be at least 20 feet from all fixed sources of ignition.
3. All dispensing devices shall be protected against physical damage from
vehicles by mounting on a concrete island a minimum of 6 inches in height.
Alternate methods of providing equivalent protection may be permitted
when approved by the chief.
276
Section 79.902(e), page 274. Delete.
Section 79.903, page 275. Add a Section 79.903 as follows and
renumber the current sections of Division IX:
DISPENSING
Section 79.903 (a) GENERAL. Class I or II liquids
shall not be dispensed into the fuel tank or a motor vehicle
from aboveground tanks.
(b) DISPENSING INSIDE BUILDING. Class I liquids shall
not be dispensed or transferred within a service station
building, except as provided in Section 79.904(d). Class II
and Class III-A liquids may be dispensed in lubrication or
service rooms of a service station bui-lding, provided the
electrical equipment complies with Section 79.906 and heating
equipment complies with Section 79.907.
(c) PORTABLE CONTAINERS AND TANKS. Class I, II or
III-A liquid shall not be dispensed into portable
containers unless such container is of approved material
and construction, having a tight closure with screwed or
spring cover so designed that the contents can be
dispensed into without spilling. Dispensing into
portable tanks is prohibited.
Class I, II or II-A liquid shall not be dispensed into
cargo tanks unless the tanks are approved tanks of 110-gallon
aggregate capacity or less and permanently mounted to the
vehicle frame of the motor vehicle. Cargo tanks with a
capacity of over 110 gallons shall be filled at a bulk
plant/terminal.
275.1
1988 EDITION 79.903
4. Apparatus dispensing Class I and Class II liquids into the fuel tanks of
motor vehicles of the public shall not be located at a bulk plant unless
separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk opera-
tions are conducted.
5. Dispensing devices shall be secured to the island in an approved manner
other than piping and conduit.
(d) Inside Garages. Where an outside location is impractical, dispensing
devices approved for inside use may be installed inside a garage or similar
establishment, storing, parking, servicing or repairing automotive equipment
upon the approval of the location and safeguards by the chief.A dispensing device
shall be protected against physical damage by vehicles by mounting on a concrete
island or by equivalent means and shall be located in a position where it cannot be
struck by a vehicle descending a ramp or other slope out of control. A remote
emergency shutoff for electric power to the dispensing unit and the pump supply-
ing it shall be provided at an accessible location and shall be clearly labeled as to
its intended purpose. The dispensing area shall be provided with an approved
mechanical or gravity ventilation system. When dispensing units are located
below grade,only approved mechanical ventilation shall be used and the entire
dispensing area shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.
Ventilating systems shall be electrically interlocked with Class I dispensing units
so that the dispensing units cannot be operated unless the ventilating fan motors
are energized.
(e)Electrical Controls.A control shall be provided that will permit the pump
to operate only when a dispensing nozzle is removed from its bracket or normal
position with respect to the dispensing unit and the switch on this dispensing unit
is manually actuated.This control shall also stop the pump when all nozzles have
been returned,either to their brackets or to the normal nondispensing position.In
addition,electrical conditions shall comply with the following:
1. A clearly labeled manually operated pump master switch shall be provided
in an approved location,within 75 feet of,but not nearer than 15 feet to,any
dispenser.Where such master switch is not visible from all dispensers,the
location thereof shall be indicated by approved signs.
2. Signs identifying the pump master switch shall be labeled EMERGENCY
PUMP SHUTOFF.
3. The master switch on all individual pump circuit switches shall be set in the
"off"position before closing the service station for business at any time.
(f)Special-type Dispensers. Approved special dispensing systems such as,
but not limited to,coin-operated and remote preset types are permitted at service
stations,provided there is at least one qualified attendant on duty while the station
is open to the public.
1. The attendant or supervisor on duty shall be capable of performing the
functions and assuming the responsibilities covered in Section 79.903(b).
2. Emergency controls shall be installed at a location acceptable to the chief,
but controls shall be not more than 100 feet from dispensers.
277
79.903-79.904 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3. Instructions for the operation of dispensers shall be conspicuously posted.
4. Remote preset-type devices are to be in the"off"position while not in use
so that the dispenser cannot be activated without the knowledge of the
attendant.
5. The dispensing device shall be in clear view of the attendant at all times and
the obstacle shall not be placed between the dispensing devices and the
attendant.
6. The attendant shall at all times be able to communicate with persons in the
dispensing area.
Pressure Delivery Service Stations
Sec.79.904.(a)General.System used for the dispensing of Class I or II liquids
that transfer the liquid from storage to individual or multiple dispensing units by
pumps that are not located at dispensing units shall comply with this section.
N
The chief may alter or impose additional regulations where such systems are
located within buildings.Notification shall be given to the chief prior to abandon-
ment, alteration or repair of any part of a pressure delivery system, except the
dispenser.
(b)Approval of Equipment and Installation.Tanks,pits,pumps,electrical
equipment,piping systems,dispensers,hose,nozzles and other integral parts of
pressure delivery systems shall be approved.
(c)Pumps.1.Pumps installed above grade outside of buildings shall be located
not less than 10 feet from lines of adjoining property which may be built upon or
from a property line that abuts upon a public right-of-way or thoroughfare.Pumps
shall be located not less than 10 feet from buildings which are not of combustible
or at least one-hour fire-resistive construction in accordance with the Building
Code nor less than 5 feet from any building opening.
2.Pumps installed above grade shall be mounted on a concrete foundation and
shall be protected against damage by vehicles.
3. Submersible or subsurface pumps shall be installed in accordance with
approved standards.
(d)Pits.1.Pits intended to contain subsurface pumps or fittings from submers-
ible pumps shall be not larger than necessary to contain the intended equipment
and to permit the free movement of hand tools operated from above grade.
2.Pits and covers shall be designed and constructed to withstand the external
forces to which they may be subjected. When located above any underground
tank,at least 1 foot of earth or sand cover shall be maintained over the top of the
tank.
3. Pits shall be protected against ignition of vapors by one of the following
methods:
(i) Sealing the unpierced cover with mastic or by bolting against a gasket in an
approved manner.
(ii) Filling the pit with a noncombustible inert material.
278
1988 EDITION 79.904-79.905
(e) Piping, Valves and Fittings. 1. Piping, valves and fittings shall be de-
signed for the working pressures and structural stresses to which they may be
subjected. They shall be galvanized or otherwise protected against external
corrosion with an approved material.All threaded joints or connections shall be
made up tight with the use of an approved pipe joint sealing compound.Approved
nonmetallic joints may be used when installed in accordance with the manufactur-
er's instructions.
2.A check or manual valve shall be provided in the discharge dispensing supply
line from the pump with a union between the valve and the same pump discharge.
3.An approved emergency shutoff valve(impact valve)incorporating a fusible
link designed to close automatically in the event of severe impact or fire exposure
shall be properly installed, rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the
dispensing supply line at the base of each dispensing device."Properly installed"
shall mean that the shear section of the impact valve is mounted flush with the top
of the surface upon which the dispenser is mounted.
4.Each pump shall have installed on the discharge an approved leak-detection
device which will provide an indication if the piping and dispensers are not
essentially liquid tight.
5.After completion of the installation,the system shall be tested as provided in
Section 79.708.
Electrical Equipment
Sec. 79.905. (a) General. This section shall apply to areas where Class I
liquids are stored,handled or dispensed.
(b)Approved Wiring and Equipment.All installation of electric wiring and
equipment shall be reasonably safe to persons and property. For Class I liquids
where electrical wiring and equipment are installed,evidence that such wiring and
equipment are of the type approved for use in the hazardous locations as set forth
in Table No. 79.905 and that such wiring and equipment have been installed in
accordance with the Electrical Code will be required.
(c) Classified Area. In Table No. 79.905 a classified area shall not extend
beyond the unpierced wall,roof or other solid partition.
(d)Unclassified Area.For area classifications not covered in Section 79.905
(b)and not listed in Table No.79.905,the chief shall have the authority to classify
the extent of the hazardous area.
279
79.905 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.79.905—CLASS I LOCATIONS1
GROUP D EXTENT OF
LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIED AREA
Underground Tank
Fill opening 1 Any pit,box or space below grade level,
any part of which is within the Division 1
or 2 classified area.
2 Up to 18 inches above grade level within a
horizontal radius of 10 feet from a loose
fill connection and within a horizontal
radius of 5 feet from a tight fill
connection.
Vent— 1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent,extend-
Discharging upward ing in all directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet of open end
of vent,extending in all directions.
Dispensing Units—
(Except Overhead Type)
Pits 1 Any pit,box or space below grade level,
any part of which is within the Division 1
or 2 classified area.
Dispenser 1 The area within a dispenser enclosure up
to 4 feet vertically above the base except
that area defined as Division 2.Any area
within a nozzle boot.
2 Areas within a dispenser enclosure above
the Division 1 area. Areas within a dis-
penser enclosure isolated from Division 1
by a solid partition or a solid nozzle boot
but not completely surrounded by Divi-
sion 1 area.Within 18 inches horizontally
in all directions from the Division 1 area
located within the dispenser enclosure.
Within 18 inches horizontally in all direc-
tions from the opening of a nozzle boot
not isolated by a vapor-tight partition,
except that the classified area need not be
extended around a 90-degree or greater
comer.
Outdoor 2 Up to 18 inches above grade level within
20 feet horizontally of any edge of
enclosure.
Indoor
with mechanical
ventilation 2 Up to 18 inches above grade or floor level
within 20 feet horizontally of any edge of
enclosure.
with gravity
ventilation 2 Up to 18 inches above grade or floor level
within 25 feet horizontally of any edge of
enclosure.
(Continued)
280
1988 EDITION 79.905
TABLE NO.79.905—CLASS I LOCATIONS'—(Continued)
GROUP D EXTENT OF
LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIED AREA
Dispensing Units—
Overhead Type I Within the dispenser enclosure and 18
inches in all directions from the enclosure
where not suitably cut off by ceiling or
wall. All electrical equipment integral
with the dispensing hose or nozzle.
2 An area extending 2 feet horizontally in
all directions beyond the Division 1 area
and extending to grade'below this classi-
fied area.
2 Up to 18 inches above grade level within
20 feet horizontally measured from a
point vertically below the edge of any
dispenser enclosure.
Remote Pump—Outdoor I Any pit,box or space below grade level if
any part is within a horizontal distance'of
10 feet from any edge of pump.
2 Within 3 feet of any edge of pump,
extending in all directions.Also up to 18
inches above grade level within 10 feet
horizontally from any edge of pump.
Remote Pump—Indoor 1 Entire area within any pit.
2 Within 5 feet of any edge of pump,
extending in all directions. Also up to 3
feet above floor or grade level within 25
feet horizontally from any edge of pump.
Lubrication or Service
Room
—with Dispensing I Any pit within any unventilated area.
2 Any pit with ventilation.
2 Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade
level and 3 feet horizontally from a lubri-
cation pit.
Dispenser for
Class I liquids 2 Within 3 feet of any fill or dispensing
point,extending in all directions.
Lubrication or Service
Room
—without Dispensing 2 Entire area within any pit used for lubrica-
tion or similar service where Class I liq-
uids may be released.
2 Area up to 18 inches above any such pit,
and extending a distance of 3 feet horizon-
tally from any edge of the pit.
Special Enclosure Inside
Building[See Sec.
79.902(c)] I Entire enclosure.
(Continued)
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79.905-79.907 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.79.905—CLASS 1 LOCATIONS'—(Continued)
GROUP D EXTENT OF
LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIEDAREA
Sales,Storage and Rest
Rooms Non- If there is any opening to these rooms
classified within the extent of a Division 1 area,the
entire room shall be classified as Division
1.
Vapor-processing Systems
Pits 1 Any pit,box or space below grade level,
any part of which is within a Division 1 or
2 classified area or which houses any
equipment used to transport or process
vapors.
Vapor-processing 2 Within any protective enclosure housing
Equipment'Located Within vapor-processing equipment.
Protective Enclosures[See
Sec.79.912(c)2]
Vapor-processing 2 The space within 18 inches in all direc-
Equipment Not Within tions of equipment containing flammable
Protective Enclosures vapor or liquid extending to grade level.
(excluding piping and Up to 18 inches above grade level within
combustion devices) 10 feet horizontally of the vapor-process-
ing equipment.
Equipment Enclosures 1 Any area within the enclosure where
vapor or liquid is present under normal
operating conditions.
2 The entire area within the enclosure other
than Division 1.
Vacuum Assist Blowers 2 The space within 18 inches in all direc-
tions extending to grade level. Up to 18
inches above grade level within 10 feet
horizontally.
'Locations as classified in the Electrical Code.
Heating Equipment
Sec. 79.906. (a) Electrical Equipment. Electrical heating equipment shall
conform to Section 79.905.
(b)Fuel-burning Equipment.Only wet heat systems and direct-fired makeup
air heaters are permitted in dispensing rooms or in any area where vapors could
migrate.Such systems shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Mechan-
ical Code.
Drainage and Waste Disposal
Sec.79.907.(a)Control and Connection to Sewer.Provisions shall be made
in the area where Class I,II or III-A liquids may be spilled to prevent liquids from
282
1988 EDITION 79.907-79.909
flowing into interior of service station buildings. Such provisions may.be by
grading driveway,raising door sills,or other equally effective means.Crankcase
drainings and flammable or combustible liquids shall not be dumped into sewers
but shall be stored in tanks or tight drums outside of any building until removed
from the premises.
(b) Crankcase Drainings. Tanks installed for crankcase drainings shall be
installed in accordance with the requirements for Class I liquid storage. In
addition thereto, drainage lines terminating inside a building shall be equipped
with a nonremovable-type cap(such as a hinged cap).
Fire Protection
Sec. 79.908. A fire extinguisher with a minimum classification of
2-A,20-B:C shall be provided and so located that it will be not more than 75 feet
from any pump,dispenser or fill-pipe opening.
Service Stations Located Inside Buildings
Sec. 79.909. (a) General. This section shall apply to automotive service
stations which dispense fuels into vehicles in areas that are wholly or partially
enclosed by the walls,floors or ceilings of the buildings.
EXCEPTION: Service stations located inside a building with two or more sides
of the dispensing area open to the building exterior so that normal ventilation can
normally be expected to dissipate flammable vapors.
Dispensing of fuel into motor vehicles inside of buildings is permitted when
approved by the chief.
(b)Construction.Automotive service stations within buildings shall be con-
structed with the requirements of the Building Code.
(c) Ventilation. 1. General. Heating and air-conditioning and ventilation
systems shall comply with the Mechanical Code.
2. Interlocks on dispensers. When mechanical systems for ventilation are
installed serving only the area where fuels are dispensed,the system shall operate
when the service station is open for business and shall be interlocked to dispens-
ing units so that fuel cannot be dispensed unless the ventilation system is in
operation.
3.Exhaust system design.The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air
movement across all portions of the dispensing floor area and to prevent the flow
of flammable vapors beyond the dispensing area.Exhaust inlet ducts shall be not
less than 3 inches nor more than 12 inches above the floor.Exhaust ducts shall not
be located in floors or penetrate the floor of the dispensing area and shall
discharge to a safe location outside the building.
(d)Piping. 1. General. Piping systems shall comply with the provisions of
Division VII.
2. Enclosure of vent piping. All fuel and flammable vapor piping inside
buildings but outside the service station area shall be enclosed within a horizontal
or a vertical shaft used only for this piping:Vertical and horizonal shafts shall be
constructed of materials having a fire-resistance rating of not less than two hours.
283
79.909-79.910 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(e) Drainge Systems. 1. Control. Floors shall be liquid tight. Emergency
drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid
leakage and fire-protection water to a safe location. This may require curbs,
scuppers or special drainage systems.
2.Connection to sewer.Emergency drainage systems,if connected to public
sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or
separators.
Marine Service Stations
Sec.79.910.(a)General.The general construction of marine service stations
shall be in accordance with the Building Code.The storage of Class I,II or III-A
liquids at such location shall,except as otherwise provided in this section,be in
accordance with the provisions of this article.
Marine service stations shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated by a
fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted.
(b)General Construction.Piers,wharves and floats where Class I,II or III-A
liquid dispensers are located shall be of fire-resistive construction and impervious
to spills of such liquids and oils within the immediate area of the dispenser.
(c) Storage and Handling. Class I, II or III-A liquids may be stored in
approved portable containers within marine service station buildings.Storage of
Class I liquids in approved closed portable containers shall not exceed 10-gallon
aggregate capacity except within a room or building approved for such storage or
which meets the requirements of Section 79.203.Class II or Class III-A liquids
may be stored and dispensed inside marine service station buildings from
approved containers of not more than 120-gallon capacity,provided the heating
equipment complies with Section 79.906.
1. Tanks, valves, fittings and piping for Class I, II or III-A liquids and
liquefied petroleum gases shall be approved for such use and fully pro-
tected from external corrosion.
2. There shall be no connection between any aboveground tank and any
underground tank, except the aboveground tanks located in an adjoining
bulk plant may be connected by.piping to marine service station under-
ground tanks if,in addition to valves at the aboveground tanks,a valve is
also installed within control of marine service station personnel.
3. Pipelines at marine service stations where attached to piers, wharves or
other structures shall be fully protected against physical damage and
excessive stresses.
4. A valve whereby supply from shore may be shut off shall be provided in
each product line at or near the approach to the pier, wharf or other
structure,and an approved quick-throw valve shall be provided above each
flexible connection to stop flow to float in the event of rupture of such
flexible connections.
5. Not more than two flexible connections shall be permitted in any line
leading from any pier or wharf to a float,except when unusual conditions
exist;then additional flexible connections may be allowed upon permission
of the chief.
284
1988 EDITION 79.910
6. All commodity piping at marine service stations shall be welded or welded
flanged steel construction,except that screwed piping 2 inches or less in
diameter shall be permitted.
7. Piping used for transporting Class I liquids shall be grounded to control
stray electrical current.
8. Testing of piping systems shall be in accordance with Section 79.708.
(d)Dispensing. Wharves, piers or floats at marine service stations shall be
used exclusively for the dispensing or transfer of petroleum products to or from
marine craft,except that transfer of essential ship stores is permitted.Sales of ship
stores or merchandise shall not be allowed from an area where fuel is dispensed
into the tanks of motor craft.
1. 'Tanks and pumps, other than those integral with approved dispensing
devices, supplying Class I, II or III-A liquids at marine service stations
shall be located only on shore or upon express permission of the chief on
piers of solid-fill type. Approved dispensing devices with or without
integral pumps may be located on shore,piers of solid-fill type,open piers,
wharves or floating docks.
2. Dispensing of Class I,II or III-A liquids or liquefied petrolum gases shall
at all times be under the direct control of a competent person who is fully
aware of the operation,mechanics and hazards inherent to fueling of boats.
3. Dispensing of Class 1,II or III-A liquids into the fuel tanks of marine craft
shall be by means of an approved-type hose equipped with a listed automat-
ic-closing nozzle with or without latch-open device.
4. Hoses used for dispensing or transferring Class I,H or III-A liquids,when
not in use,shall be reeled,racked or otherwise protected from mechanical
damage.
5. Fueling of floating marine craft at other than a marine service station is
prohibited except by special authorization of the chief.
6. No delivery of any Class 1,II or III-A liquids shall be made into portable
containers unless such container is of approved material and construction,
having a tight closure with screwed or spring cover, so designed that the
contents can be dispensed without spilling.
7. Liquefied petroleum gas cylinders shall not be filled or discharged at any
petroleum marine service station without first obtaining written permission
from the chief. Approved storage facilities for liquefied petroleum gas
cylinders shall be provided.
8.. The dispensing area shall be located from other structures so as to provide
room for safe ingress and egress of craft to be fueled. Dispensing units
shall in all cases be at least 20 feet from any activity involving fixed sources
of ignition.
(e)Fire Prevention Regulations.
1. All marine facilities shall be maintained in a neat and orderly manner and
no accumulation of rubbish or waste oils in excessive amounts shall be
285
79.910 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
permitted.Any spills of Class I,II or I1I-A liquids at or upon the water of
marine service stations shall be reported immediately to the fire depart-
ment and jurisdictional authorities.
2. Metal containers with tight-fitting or self-closing metal lids shall be pro-
vided for the temporary storage of combustible trash or rubbish.
3. No vessel or craft shall be made fast to or berthed at any fuel docks serving
a marine service station, except during fueling operations, and no craft
shall be made fast to any other vessel or craft occupying a berth at any
marine service station.
4. No construction, maintainence, repair or reconditioning work involving
the use of open flames or arcs or spark-producing devices shall be per-
formed at any marine service station facility or within 50 feet of the
dispensing facilities, including piers, wharves or floats. The chief may
grant permission in writing to make repairs,provided no fueling is done at
the pier,wharf or float during the course of such emergency repairs.
5. All electrical equipment installed and used must be in accordance with the
Electrical Code as it applies to wet,damp and hazardous locations.Clearly
identified emergency switches readily accessible in case of fire or physical
damage at any dispensing unit shall be provided on each main float and at
the shore approach to the pier,wharf or floating dock,so interlocked as to
shut off power to all pump motors from any individual location and reset
only from the master switch.Each switch is to be identified by an approved
sign stating EMERGENCY PUMP SHUTOFF.The master switch shall be
set in the "off'position before closing the marine service station at any
time. Pressure systems shall incorporate with each turbine an indicator
light illuminated when the turbine is running. Said light shall be visible
from the shore approach and from the dispenser location and suitably
identify the system served.
6. Smoking or open flames shall be prohibited within 50 feet of fueling
operations.NO SMOKING signs shall be posted conspicuously about the
premises.Such signs shall have letters not less than 4 inches in height on a
background of contrasting color.
7. Boat owners or operators shall not offer their craft for fueling unless the
tanks being filled are properly vented to dissipate fumes to the outside
atmosphere.
8. There shall be predominantly displayed at the face of each wharf,pier or
float at such elevation as to be clearly visible from the decks of marine craft
being fueled,a sign or signs with letters not less than 3 inches in height on a
background of contrasting color bearing the following or equivalent
wording:
286 \
1988 EDITION 79.910-79.912
WARNING
NO SMOKING—STOP ENGINE WHILE FUELING
SHUT OFF ELECTRICITY
DO NOT START ENGINE UNTIL AFTER BELOW-
DECK SPACES ARE VENTILATED
Fire Protection
Sec.79.911.(a)Communications.Means shall be available for calling the fire
department. Such means may consist of a proprietary alarm system, a fire
department alarm box or telephone not requiring a coin to operate;whichever it is
must be within 100 feet of marine service station premises.
(b)Piers, Wharves and Floats. Piers, wharves and floats at marine service
stations shall be equipped with wet standpipes connected to a reliable water
supply with piping capable of supplying 100 gpm at 65 psi at the most remote
outlet.
(c)Corrosion Protection and Flexible Connections.Pipe fittings and joints
shall be adequately treated to protect metal from corrosion.A flexible connection
may be permitted between the dock or pier and any floating deck.
(d)Hose Stations.Hose stations shall be supplied with:
1. One and one-half-inch valve;
2. One hundred feet of an approved lined hose not less than 1'/2 inches in
diameter capable of withstanding 500-pound psi test pressure;and
3. A combination fog and straight stream shutoff-type nozzle.
Hose stations shall be so spaced as to provide protection to any portion of
docks, piers, wharves or floating craft. An approved and listed hose reel or
approved and listed semiautomatic hose rack shall be provided and shall be
located so as to make the hose accessible.Hose shall be enclosed within a cabinet,
and hose stations shall be labeled FIRE HOSE—EMERGENCY USE ONLY.All
tests and valving must meet the approval of the chief.
(e)Fire Extinguishers.Fire extinguishers,each having a 20-B:C rating,shall
be provided as follows:One on each float and one on the pier or wharf within 25
feet of the head of the gangway to the float,except that where the office is within
25 feet of the gangway or is on the float and an extinguisher is provided thereon,
the extinguisher at the head of the gangway need not be provided.
Vapor Recovery
Sec.79.912. (a)General.This section shall apply to all vapor-recovery and
vapor-processing systems.
(b) Vapor-balance Systems. 1. Dispensing devices. Dispensing devices
incorporating provisions for vapor recovery shall be listed and labeled.Existing
listed or labeled dispensing devices may be modified for vapor recovery,provided
that the modifications made are "listed by report" by a nationally recognized
testing laboratory. The "listing by report" shall contain a description of the
287
79.912 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
component parts used in the modification and recommended method of installa-
tion on specific dispensers. Such report shall be made available upon request to
the chief.
Means shall be provided to shut down fuel dispensing in the event the vapor-
return line becomes blocked.
2.Vapor-return line closeoff.An acceptable method shall be provided to close
off the vapor-return line from dispensers when the product is not being dispensed.
3.Piping materials.All piping in a vapor-recovery system shall comply with
Divisions V, VI and VII of this article. Nonmetallic piping, if used, shall be
installed as per the manufacturer's installation instructions.
4. Piping installation. All existing or new vent piping shall comply with
Divisions V,VI and VII.All vapor-return piping shall be so laid as to drain back to
the tank.There shall be no sags or traps in the vapor-return piping in which liquid
can become trapped.If necessary,due to grade,condensate tanks may be installed
in vapor-retum piping. All condensate tanks shall be designed and installed so
they may be emptied of liquids without opening.
5.Swing joints and shear section.Swing joints shall be provided in all vapor-
return piping at the tank and at the base of the riser,below the dispenser.
An approved shear section shall be properly installed, rigidly mounted and
connected by a union in the vapor-return piping at the base of each dispensing
device. "Properly installed" shall mean that the shear section is mounted flush
with the top of the surface upon which the dispenser is mounted.
6.Rsting.All vapor-return lines and vent piping shall be tested in accordance
with Section 79.708.
(c)Vapor Processing. 1.Equipment to be listed.Vapor-processing systems
consisting of hose nozzle valve, vapor pumps, flame arresters, fire checks, or
systems for prevention of flame propagation, controls and vapor-processing
equipment shall be individually listed for the intended use in a specified manner.
Any vapor-processing system that introduces air into the underground piping
and/or storage tanks shall be provided with equipment for prevention of flame
propagation that has been tested and listed as suitable for the intended use.
2. Location on property. Vapor-processing equipment shall be located at or
above grade.Any source of ignition shall be located not less than 50 feet from any
fuel-transfer area and not less than 18 inches above any tank-fill opening and top
of dispenser island.
Vapor-processing units shall be located not less than 10 feet from the nearest
building or property line which may be built upon.Where the required distances
to buildings,property lines or fuel-transfer areas cannot be obtained,means shall
be provided to protect equipment against fire exposure.Such means may include
approved protective enclosures which extend at least 18 inches above the equip-
ment, constructed of fire-resistant or noncombustible materials, or protection
with an approved water-spray system.
Vapor-processing equipment shall be located a minimum of 20 feet from
dispensing devices. Processing equipment shall be protected against physical
288
1988 EDITION 79.912
damage by the provision of guardrails,curbs,protective enclosures or fencing.If
approved protective enclosures are used, approved means shall be provided to
ventilate the volume within.the enclosure to prevent pocketing of flammable
vapors.
If a down slope exists toward the location of the vapor-processing unit from any
fuel-transfer area, additional separation and/or height requirements may be
imposed.
3.Equipment installation.Vapor-processing units shall be securely mounted
on concrete, masonry or structural steel supports on concrete or other noncom-
bustible foundations.
Vapor-recovery and vapor-processing equipment may be installed on roofs,at
the discretion of the chief.
4. Piping materials. All piping in a mechanical assist system shall comply
with Divisions V,VI and VII of this article.
Nonmetallic piping, if used, shall be installed as per the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
5.Piping installation.All existing or new vent lines shall comply with Section
79.604.All vapor-return lines shall be so laid as to drain back to the tank.
There shall be no sags or,traps in the vapor-return lines in.which liquid can
become trapped.If necessary,due to grade,condensate tanks may be installed in
vapor-return piping.All condensate tanks shall be designed and installed so they
may be drained without opening.
6.Swing joints and emergency shutoff valve(impact).Swing joints shall be
provided in all vapor-return lines at the tank and at the base of the riser,below the
dispenser.
An approved emergency shutoff valve (impact) incorporating a fusible link
designed to close automatically in event of severe impact or fire exposure shall be
properly installed,rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the vapor-return
line at the base of each dispensing device.. "Properly installed" shall mean that
the shear section of the impact valve is mounted flush with the top of the surface
upon which the dispenser is mounted.
7.Vapor-return line closeoff.An acceptable method shall be provided to close
off the vapor-return line from dispensers when product is not being dispensed.
S.Component design.If a component is likely to contain a flammable vapor/
air mixture under operating conditions and can fail in a manner to ignite the
mixture,it shall be designed to withstand an internal explosion without failure to
the outside and so protected as to stop flame propagation to other parts of the
system:
9. Fire checks. Approved fire checks or other positive means of automatic
isolation of underground storage tanks shall be installed in vapor-return piping to
prevent a flashback from reaching the underground tanks.Such devices also shall
be installed in all vapor/air piping as close as practicable to each burner or group
of burners in a vapor incineration unit,and in all vapor-transfer piping as close as
practicable to any refrigeration, absorption or similar types of processing
equipment.
269
79.912-79.1001 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
10.Vent termination.Vents from vapor-processing units shall be not less than
12 feet above adjacent ground level and not less than 8 feet above the processing
unit itself.Vent outlets shall be so directed and located that flammable vapors will
not accumulate or travel to an unsafe location or enter buildings.
11.Testing.All vapor-return lines,vapor-transfer lines and vent piping shall be
tested in accordance with Section 79.708.
12.Electrical equipment.All electrical equipment shall be in accordance with
Table No. 79.905. All electrically,energized'vapor-recovery equipment shall be
directly connected to and controlled by the emergency pump shutoff switch in
Section 79.903(e).
13.Control measures.Fences,bumper posts or other control measures shall be
provided where necessary to protect against tampering, trespassing and vehicle
traffic.The area shall be kept.clear of combustible materials of any nature within
15 feet of the installed vapor-processing unit.
(d)Maintenance.All vapor-recovery and vapor-processing equipment shall be
subject to periodic maintenance,tests and inspections.All maintenance,tests and
inspections set forth in the listing document,or other tests as may be set forth by
the,chief,shall be the responsibility of the owner or occupant of the premises upon
which such equipment is located.
Only the manufacturer of the affected equipment, or an equally qualified
person,may perform maintenance on a vapor-recovery system or vapor-process-
ing equipment. Written records of all maintenance, tests, inspections and the
results and recommendations of same shall be maintained on the premises.where
the equipment is located. All written records of maintenance,tests,inspections
and results and recommendations resulting from same shall be made available to
the chief upon request.
All incidents involving leaks,fires,explosions,overheating or requiring shut-
ting down equipment, other than for routine maintenance or tests, shall be
immediately reported to the fire department.
Division X
STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUIDS ON FARMS AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Scope
Sec. 79.1001. This division applies to permanent and temporary storage of
Class I and Class II liquids for private use on farms and rural areas and at
construction sites,earth-moving projects,gravel pits or borrow pits.The storage
of Class I and Class II liquids in aboveground tanks is prohibited within the limits
established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited.
This division does not apply to the storage and use of fuel-oil tanks and
containers connected with oil-burning equipment regulated in Article 61 and the
Mechanical Code.
290
1988 EDITION 79.1002-79.1007
Permits
Sec.79.1002.A permit shall be obtained from the chief prior to installation.
See Section 4.101. Permits for the storage of liquids regulated by this division
shall be issued only if the chief finds that the storage is isolated and is of such a
nature that life and property are safeguarded.
Combustibles and Open Flame Near Tanks
Sec.79.1003. Storage areas shall be kept free of weeds and extraneous com-
bustible material.Open flames and smoking shall not be permitted in flammable
or combustible liquid storage areas.
Marking of Tanks and Containers
Sec.79.1004.Tanks and containers for the storage of liquids aboveground shall
be conspicuously marked with the name of the product which they contain and
FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIRE AND FLAME AWAY. Tanks shall bear the addi-
tional marking KEEP 50 FEET FROM BUILDINGS.
Electrical
Sec.79.1005.All electrical installations shall be installed in accordance with
the electrical code.
Individual Containers of 60-Gallon or Less Capacity Each
Sec.79.1006.Metal containers having a capacity of not more than 60 gallons
may be used for storage of Class I or Class II liquids.Such containers shall be in
accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Department of Transportation or
shall be of an approved design. Discharge devices shall not be of a type that
develops an internal pressure on the container.Pumping devices or approved self-
closing faucets used for dispensing liquids shall not leak and shall be well
maintained. Individual containers shall not be interconnected and shall be kept
closed when not in use. a
Outside containers stored outside shall be in accordance with Division IV oa;
(outside storage section). Storage inside a building shall comply with other ALL;
divisions of this article and the Building Code. o W
Permanent Tanks of 61-to 1100-GalIon Capacity and Temporary o'
Tanks Not Exceeding 10,000-Gallon Capacity H
Sec. 79.1007. (a) General. Storage of Class I or Class II liquids in above-
ground permanent tanks of 61-to 1100-gallon capacity and temporary tanks not
exceeding 10,000-gallon capacity shall be outside of buildings.Tanks shall be of
single-compartment design constructed in accordance with Section 79.105.Vent-
ing shall be in accordance with Sections 79.509(a)and(b).
(b) Fill Opening Security. Fill opening shall be equipped with a closure
designed so that it may be locked.The fill opening shall be separate from the vent
opening.
(c)Vents.Each tank shall be provided with a free-opening vent of the following
minimum nominal pipe size to relieve vacuum or pressure which may develop in
normal operation or from fire exposure.
291
79.1007 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TANK CAPACITY VENT SIZE
(Gallons) (Diameter in Inches)
Up to 275 11/2
276-660 2
661-900 21/2
901-1,100 3
1,101-10,000 See Subsections 79.510
(a)and(b)
Vents shall be arranged to discharge in such a way as to prevent localized
overheating of or flame impingement on any part of the tank in the event vapors
from such vents are ignited.
(d)Location.Tanks shall be kept outside and at least 50 feet from any building
or combustible storage and shall be so located or such additional distance shall be
provided as will ensure that any vehicle, equipment or container being filled
directly from such tank shall be not less than 50 feet from any structure,haystack
or other combustible storage.
(e)Type of Tank.Tanks may be either tanks with top openings only or tanks
elevated for gravity discharge.
(f) Tanks with Top Openings Only. Tanks with top openings only shall be
mounted and equipped as follows:
l. A stable base of timbers or blocks approximately 6 inches in height may be
used to support stationary tanks.The bottom of such tanks shall not be in
contact with the ground. Tanks may be supported on well-constructed
metal legs connected to shoes or runners designed so that the tank is
stabilized and the entire tank and its supports may be moved as a unit.
2. Tanks shall be equipped with a tightly and permanently attached approved
pumping device having an approved hose of sufficient length for filling
vehicles,equipment or containers to be served from the tank. Either the
pump or the hose shall be equipped with a padlock to its hanger to prevent
tampering.An effective antisiphoning device shall be included in the pump
discharge unless a self-closing nozzle is provided. Siphons or internal
pressure discharge devices shall not be used.
(g)Tanks for Gravity Discharge.Tanks with a connection in the bottom or the
end for gravity dispensing liquids shall be mounted and equipped as follows:
1. Supports to elevate the tank for gravity discharge shall be of adequate
strength and design to provide stability.
2. Bottom or end openings for gravity discharge shall be equipped with a
valve located adjacent to the tank shell which will close automatically in
the event of fire through the operation of an effective heat-actuated releas-
ing device. If this valve cannot be operated manually, it shall be supple-
mented by a second manually operated valve.The gravity discharge outlet
shall be provided with an approved hose equipped with a self-closing valve
at the discharge end of a type that can be padlocked to its hanger.
292
1988 EDITION 79.1007-79.1104
(h)Basins and Dikes.When required by the chief,the area surrounding a tank
or group of tanks shall be provided with drainage to an approved basin or shall be
diked to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent tanks,
adjoining property or reaching waterways.All dikes shall be in accordance with
Section 79.507.
(i)Extinguishers.Portable fire extinguishers with a minimum classification of
20-13:C may be required by the chief.
Division XI
WELL-DRILLING OPERATIONS
Scope
Sec.79.1101.This division shall apply to well-drilling operations for oil and
natural gas.
Permits
Sec.79.1102.(a)General.For permits to drill,own,operate or maintain an oil
and natural gas well,see Section 4.108.
(b)Pre-field Inspection.The permit for any new well shall be issued only after
it has been determined by a field inspection or by other means that such location
for a well complies with the provisions of this code. Such determination shall be
made within a period of five days.
(c)Plot Plan.The application for a permit to drill a well shall be accompanied
by a plot plan drawn to scale or with dimensions showing all buildings and
improvements within a radius of 300 feet of the exact location of the proposed
wellhead.
Location of Well
Sec.79.1103. (a)A storage tank or boiler,fired heater,open-flame device or
other source of ignition shall not be located nearer than 25 feet to any wellhead.
Engines used in the drilling production and serving of wells are exempt from the
above provision.
tpp(b)-Wells shall notyt Lg1,11ed within 75 feet of any dedicated public street,
fiighway or nearest rail of a railway being used as such.
(c)Wells shall not be drilled within 100 feet of any building not necessary to the
operation of the well.
(d)Wells shall not be drilled within 300 feet of any building used as a place of
public assemblage,institution or school.
iildings shall not be constructed within the distance set forth in Section'
79.rM(6)and(d)of an existing well.
Waste Control
Sec. 79.1104. (a) Discharge Upon a Street or Water Channel. A liquid
containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be permitted to be discharged
293
79.1104-79.1110 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
into or upon any street,highway,drainage canal or ditch, storm drain or flood-
control channel.
g ijf,W.2(b)Discharge on Ground.Oil,waste oil,refuse or waste material shall not be
permitted on the surface of the ground under, around or near any well, pump
boiler,oil storage tank or building except within an oil sump or tank.
(c)Clearing Around Walls and links. All land within 25 feet of any well,
flammable or combustible liquid tank or other appurtenance to any such well shall
be at all times kept free and clear of dry weeds,grass,rubbish or other combusti-
ble material. When, in the opinion of the chief,the distance is not sufficient to
provide reasonable fire safety,a greater distance may be required which shall not
exceed the height of a derrick or greatest dimension of a tank.
Sumps
® fit&c.79.1105.(a)Maximum Width.Sumps or other basins for the retention of
oir&petroleum products shall not exceed 12 feet in width.
(b) Backfilling Sumps. Sumps or other basins for the retention of oil or
petroleum products larger than 6 feet by 6 feet by 6 feet shall not be maintained
longer than 60 days after the cessation of drilling operations.
(c)Fencing. Sumps,diversion ditches or depressions used as sumps shall be
securely fenced or covered.
Prevention of Blowouts
Sec.79.1106.Adequate protection shall be provided to control and prevent the
blowout of a well.Protection equipment shall meet the requirements as specified
by federal,state or other applicable jurisdictions.
Storage Tanks
Sec.79.1107.The storage of flammable or combustible liquids in tanks shall
comply with Division V of this article. Each oil storage tank or group of tanks
shall have posted in a conspicuous place on or near such tank or tanks a legible
sign with the name of the owner or operator, name or number of lease and the
telephone number where a responsible person may be reached at any time,printed
thereon.
Soundproofing Material
Sec. 79.1108.Where soundproofing material is required during field opera-
tions,such materials shall be noncombustible,provided that fire-retardant treated
material may be used and maintained,subject to the approval of the chief.
Smoking
Sec. 79.1109. Smoking shall not be permitted at any well or tank location
except as designated and in posted areas approved by the chief.
Signs
Sec. 79.1110. Each well location shall have posted in a conspicuous place a
legible sign with the name of the owner or operator,name or number of the lease
294
17.56.210 Section 79.1103(b) and (e) amended--Location
of well . Subsections (b) and (e) of section 79.1103 are hereby
amended to read as follows:
(b) No oil well shall be drilled within 25 feet of any
dedicated public street, highway or nearest rail of a railway
being used as such.
(e) The distances set out in subsections (a), (b), (c)
and (d) of this section, at the discretion of the chief, may be
reduced if:
(1) Sprinklers are installed in the structure to
meet the standards and specifications of the city of Huntington
Beach, and
(2) The proposed building has a six foot masonry
wall separating the oil well from the building, and
(3) The proposed building has a noncombustible
roof.
(4) Or an alternate means of fire protection
approved by the fire chief. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord.
2638, 9/83; Ord. 2430, 7/80; Ord. 2188, 6/77)
17.56.220 Section 79.1104(b) amended--Discharge upon a
street or water channel . Section 79.1104(b) is amended to read
as follows:
(b) Discharge on Ground. Oil, waste oil, refuse or
waste material shall not be permitted on the surface of the
ground.
17.56.230 Section 79.1105 amended--Sumps. Section
79.1105 is amended to read as follows:
The maintenance of any sump or other basin for the
retention of oil or petroleum products in this city is
prohibited. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord. 2638, 9/83)
17.56 240 Section 79.1113 added--Huntington Beach Oil
Code. Section 79.1113 is hereby added to read as follows:
The Huntington Beach Oil Code (Huntington Beach
Municipal Code Title 15) is incorporated herein by reference,
and declared to be part of the Huntington Beach Fire Code as
though set out in full herein. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord.
2638, 9/83; Ord. 2430, 7/80)
294.1
1988 EDITION 79.1110-79.1204
and number of the well printed thereon. Such signs shall be maintained on the
premises from the time materials are delivered for drilling purposes until the well
is abandoned.
Field Loading Racks
Sec.79.1111.Field loading racks shall conform to the provisions of Division
VIII of this article.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.1112.Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10.
AMENI31 -1 4-1113 Division XII
TANK VEHICLES FOR FLAMMABLE AND
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Permits
Sec.79.1201.For permits to operate tank vehicles,see Section 4.108.
Tank Vehicle Construction
Sec. 79.1202. Tank vehicles shall be designed, constructed, equipped and
maintained in accordance with U.F.C.Standard No.79-4.
Full Trailers and Semitrailers
Sec.79.1203.(a)Attachments.Trailers shall be firmly and securely attached
to the vehicle drawing them in a manner conforming with accepted engineering
practice.
(b)Brakes. Each full trailer and semitrailer shall be equipped with reliable
brakes on all wheels, and adequate provision shall be made for their efficient
operation from the driver's seat of the vehicle drawing the trailer or semitrailer.
(c)Trailing.Trailer connections shall be such as to prevent the towed vehicle
from whipping or swerving from side to side dangerously or unreasonably and
shall cause the trailer to follow substantially in the path of the towing vehicle.
Operation of Tank Vehicles
Sec.79.1204. (a)Vehicle Maintenance.Tank vehicles shall not be operated
unless they are in proper repair, devoid of accumulation of grease, oil or other
flammables and free of leaks.
(b)Leaving Vehicle Unattended.The driver,operator or attendant of any tank
vehicle shall not leave the vehicle while it is being filled or discharged.Delivery
hose,when attached to a tank vehicle,shall be considered to be a part of the tank
vehicle.
(c)Vehicle Shutdown.Motors of tank vehicles or tractors shall be shut down
during making or breaking hose connections. If loading or unloading is done
without the use of a power pump,the tank vehicles or tractor motor shall be shut
down throughout such operations.
295
79.1204-79.1206 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(d)Bonding.Bonding shall be in accordance with Section 79.807(a)3.
(e)Outage.A cargo tank or compartment thereof used for the transportation of
any flammable or combustible liquid shall not be loaded liquid full.The vacant
space(outage)in a cargo tank or compartment thereof used in the transportation
of flammable or combustible liquids shall be not less than 1 percent; sufficient
space (outage) shall be left vacant in every case to prevent leakage from or
distortion of such tank or compartment by expansion of the contents due to rise in
temperature in transit.
(f)Overfill Protection.The driver,operator or attendant of any tank vehicle
shall,before making delivery to any tank,determine the unfilled capacity of such
tank by a suitable gaging device. To prevent overfilling he shall not deliver in
excess of that amount.
(g)Securing Hatches.During loading,hatch covers shall be secured on all but
the receiving compartments.
(h)Simultaneous Delivery.Simultaneous delivery to underground tanks from
two or more discharge hoses shall be made by means of mechanically tight
connections between the hose and fill pipe.
(i)Covers Closed in Transit.Dome covers shall be closed and latched while
the tank vehicle is in transit.
0)Liquid Temperature.Material shall not be loaded into or transported in a
tank vehicle at a temperature above its ignition temperature unless properly
safeguarded in an approved manner.
(k)Low Vapor Pressure Liquids.Flammable or combustible liquids with a
vapor pressure of 40 psi absolute or less at 100°F.shall be loaded into cargo tanks
designed and constructed in accordance with Section 79.1202.
(1)Bonding of Fill Stem. The cargo tank shall be bonded to the fill stem or
some part of the rack structure, electrically interconnected with the fill-stem
piping, except tank vehicles used for asphalt, tank vehicles loading any flam-
mable or combustible liquids through bottom connections and tank vehicles used
exclusively for transporting Class Ill liquids when loaded at locations where no
Class I and Class II liquids are handled.
(m)Bonding to Underground Tanks. An external bond-wire connection or
bond-wire integral with a hose is required for the transferring of flammable
liquids into underground tanks.
EXCEPTION:When transferring through closed connections.
Smoking Prohibited
Sec. 79.1205. Smoking by tank vehicle drivers, helpers, repairmen or other
personnel is prohibited while they are driving, making deliveries, filling or
making repairs to tank vehicles.
Parking and Garaging
Sec.79.1206.(a)Parking on Thoroughfare.A tank vehicle shall not be left
unattended on any residential street;nor in or within 500 feet of any residential
296
1988 EDITION 79.1206-79.1301
area, apartment or hotel complex, educational, hospital or care facility at any
time; or at any other place that would, in the opinion of the chief, present an
extreme life hazard.
In locations other than those specified in Section 79.1206(a),a driver shall not
leave a tank vehicle unattended on any street,highway,avenue or alley.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.The necessary absence in connection with loading or unload-
ing the vehicle,but during actual discharge for the vehicle,the provisions of Section
79.1204(b)shall apply.
2.Stops for meals during the day or night,if the street is well lighted at the point of
parking.
3.When,in case of accident or other emergency,the operator must leave to obtain
assistance.
(b)Parking Off Thoroughfare.A tank vehicle shall not be parked at any one
point for longer than one hour except:
1. Off a street,highway,avenue or alley;
2. Inside a bulk plant and 25 feet from the property line or within a building
approved for such use;
3. At other approved locations not less than 50 feet from any building except
those approved for the storage or serving of such vehicle;
4. When,in case of breakdown or other emergency,the operator must leave
the vehicle to take necessary action to correct the emergency.
(c)Garaging. Tank vehicles shall not be parked or garaged in any buildings
other than those specifically approved for such use by the chief.
Fire Protection
Sec. 79.1207. Each tank vehicle shall be equipped with a fire extinguisher
having a minimum classification of 2-A, 20-B:C. During unloading of the tank
vehicle,the fire extinguisher shall be out of the carrying device on the vehicle and
shall be 15 feet or more from the unloading valves.
Division XIII
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
Scope
Sec.79.1301. This division shall apply to those industrial plants where the use
of flammable or combustible liquids is incidental to the principal business or
where flammable or combustible liquids are used only in unit physical operations
such as mixing,drying,evaporating,filtering,distillation and similar operations
which do not involve chemical reaction.
Where portions of such plants involve chemical reactions such as oxidation,
reduction, halogenation, hydrogenation, alkylation, polymerization and other
chemical processes, those portions of the plant shall be in accordance with
Division XV,"Chemical and Processing Plants."
297
79.1302-79.1306 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Construction
Sec.79.1302.Buildings shall be constructed in accordance with the Building
Code.
Incidental Storage and Use of Liquids
Sec. 79.1303. (a) General. This section shall apply to those portions of an
industrial plant where the storage and use of liquids are incidental to the principal
business, such as automobile assembly, construction of electronic equipment,
furniture manufacturing or similar operations.
(b)Storage of Liquids. Storage of Classes I,H and III-A liquids shall be in
accordance with Divisions II,III,IV,V and VI.
(c) Use of Liquids. The use of Classes I, II and III-A liquids shall be in
accordance with Division VHL
EXCEPTION:The quantity of liquid that may be located outside of a use,
dispensing and mixing room or storage cabinet or in any one fire area of a building
shall not exceed that specified in Section 79.201(e)4 or one portable tank of 660
gallons of Class I-B,I-C,II or III-A liquids.
Ventilation
Sec.79.1304.(a)Open Systems and Processes.Buildings or rooms or other
enclosures in which Class I,II or III-A liquids are used or stored in open systems
and processes shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with the provisions
of this section.Where natural ventilation is not sufficient under all conditions to
prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors, mechanical ventilation shall be
provided and used.
(b)Design.Design of ventilating systems shall take into account the relatively
high specific gravity of the vapors.Openings to the outside for natural ventilation
shall be 6 inches above floor level and shall be unobstructed except by louvers or
coarse screens. Mechanical systems for removing flammable and combustible
liquid vapors shall be designed and installed in accordance with the provisions of
the Mechanical Code.
Ignition Sources
Sec. 79.1305. Open flames, heating devices and processes employing tem-
peratures capable of igniting vapors of Class I or Class II liquids shall be
prohibited in buildings,rooms or other confined spaces in which Class I liquids
are used in the open or in which Class II or III-A liquids are used for the purpose of
saturating, coating or otherwise treating goods or materials. Artificial lighting
shall be by electricity only. Electrical devices shall be a type approved for such
locations and shall comply with the applicable provisions of the Electrical Code.
Smoking shall be prohibited,and suitable signs to that effect shall be displayed.
Separation of Unstable Liquids
Sec. 79.1306. Areas where unstable liquids are used or small-scale unit
chemical processes are carried on shall be separated from the remainder of the
building in conformance with the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2
Occupancy.
298
1988 EDITION 79.1307-79.1309
Drainage
Sec.79.1307.(a)Control of Drainage.Emergency drainage systems shall be
provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage and fire-protection
water to a safe location. The industrial plant shall be designed and operated to
prevent the normal discharge of flammable or combustible liquids into public
waterways,public sewers or adjoining property.
(b)Connection to Public Sewers.Emergency drainage systems,if connected
to public sewers or discharged into public waterways,shall be equipped with traps
or separators.
Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading
Sec.79.1308.Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading facilities shall
conform to Division VIII.
Electrical Equipment
Sec.79.1309.(a)General.This section applies to areas where Class I,II or III I
liquids heated above their flash points, are stored, handled or dispensed. All
electrical equipment and wiring shall be designed, installed and operated in
accordance with the Electrical Code.
(b)Classified Areas.Table No.79.1309 shall be used to delineate and classify
areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment under normal circum-
stances. In the application of classified areas, a classified area shall not extend
beyond an unpierced floor,wall,roof or other solid partition.
TABLE NO.79.1309—CLASS I LOCATIONS'
EXTENT OF
LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIED AREA
Indoor equipment where 1 Area within 5 feet of any edge of such
flammable vapor-air mixtures equipment,extending in all directions.
may exist under normal 2 Area between 5 feet and 8 feet of any edge
operations. of such equipment,extending in all direc-
tions.Also,area up to 3 feet above floor
or grade level within 5 feet to 25 feet
horizontally from any edge of such
equipment.
Outdoor equipment where 1 Area within 3 feet of any edge of such
flammable vapor-air mixtures equipment,extending in all directions.
may exist under normal 2 Area between 3 feet and 8 feet of any edge
operations. of such equipment extending in all direc-
tions.Also,area up to 3 feet above floor
or grade level within 3 feet to 10 feet
horizontally from any edge of such
equipment.
Tank—Aboveground3
Shell,Ends or Roof and 2 Within 10 feet from shell,ends or roof of
Dike Area tank.Area inside dikes to level of top of
dike.
(Continued)
299
79.1309 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.79.1309—CLASS I LOCATIONS'—(Continued)
EXTENT OF
LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIEDAREA
Vent 1 Within 5 feet of open end of vent,extend-
ing in all directions.
2 Area between 5 feet and 10 feet from open
end of vent,extending in all directions.
Floating Roof 1 Area above the roof and within the shell.
Drum and Container Filling
Outdoors,or Indoors with 1 Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening,
Adequate Ventilation extending in all directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent
or fill opening,extending in all directions.
Also up to 18 inches above floor or grade
level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet
from vent or fill opening.
Pumps,Bleeders,
Withdrawal Fittings,Meters
and Similar Devices
Indoors 2 Within 5 feet of any edge of such devices,
extending in all directions. Also up to 3
feet above floor or grade level within 25
feet horizontally from any edge of such
devices.
Outdoors 2 Within 3 feet of any edge of such devices,
extending in all directions.Also up to 18
inches above grade level within 10 feet
horizontally from any edge of such
devices.
Pits
Without Mechanical 1 Entire area within pit if any part is within
Ventilation a Division 1 or 2 classified area.
With Mechanical 2 Entire area within pit if any part is within
Ventilation a Division 1 or 2 classified area.
Containing valves,fittings 2 Entire pit.
or piping,and not within a
Division 1 or 2 classified
area.
Drainage Ditches, 2 Area up to 18 inches above ditch,separa-
Separators,Impounding for or basin. Also up to 18 inches above
Basins grade within 15 feet horizontally from any
edge.
'Locations as classified in the Electrical Code.
2The release of Class I liquids may generate vapors to the extent that the entire building,and
possibly a zone surrounding it,should be considered a Class 1,Division 2 location.
3For tanks underground,see Division VI.
300
1988 EDITION 79.1310-79.1312
Repairs to Equipment
Sec.79.1310.Hot work, such as welding or cutting operations,use of spark-
producing power tools and chipping operations shall be permitted only under
supervision of an individual in responsible charge.The individual in responsible
charge shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to
be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified.
Housekeeping
Sec. 79.1311. (a)General. Maintenance and operating practices shall be in
accordance with established procedures which will tend to control leakage and
prevent the accidental escape of flammable or combustible liquids.Spills shall be
cleaned up promptly.
(b)Access.Adequate aisles shall be maintained for unobstructed movement of
personnel and so that fire protection equipment can be brought to bear on any part
of flammable or combustible liquid storage,use or any unit physical operation.
(c)Disposal of Waste.Combustible waste material and residues in a building
or unit operating area shall be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal
receptacles and disposed of daily.See Article 11,Division II.
(d)Maintenance of Yards.Ground area around buildings and unit operating
areas shall be kept free of weeds,trash or other unnecessary combustible mate-
rials.See Article 11,Division H.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.1312. (a)Appliances.Where Class I,II or III-A liquids are used or
dispensed,fire-protection appliances shall be provided in accordance with Article
10.
(b)Access. Industrial plants shall be located so that each building or unit of
equipment is accessible from at least one side for fire-fighting and fire-control
purposes. Access shall be provided by unobstructed aisles whereby fire control
apparatus may be brought to bear on any part of such Class I,H or III-A liquid
storage or use.
(c)Fire Flow.Water shall be available in volume and at adequate pressure to
supply water hose streams,foam-producing equipment, automatic sprinklers or
water-spray systems as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation,
dispensing and storage.
(d)Special Extinguishing Equipment.Special extinguishing equipment such
as that utilizing foam,inert gas or dry chemical shall be provided as the need is
indicated by the special hazards of operation,dispensing and storage.
(e) Special Hazards. Where the need is indicated by special hazards of
operation,liquid-processing equipment,major piping and supporting steel shall
be protected by approved water-spray systems, deluge systems, approved fire-
resistant coatings,insulation or any combination of these.
(f)Periodic Inspecting and Testing.All plant fire-protection facilities shall be
adequately maintained,periodically inspected and tested.
301
79.1401-79.1405 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Division XIV
BULK PLANTS OR TERMINALS
Scope
Sec. 79.1401. This division shall apply to that portion of a property where
flammable and combustible liquids are received by tank vessel,pipe lines,tank
car or tank vehicle and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing
such liquids by tank vessel,pipeline,tank car,tank vehicle or container.
Buildings
Sec.79.1402. (a)Construction.Building shall be constructed in accordance
with the Building Code.
(b)Units. Rooms in which liquids are stored, used or transferred by pumps
shall have exit facilities arranged to prevent occupants from being trapped in the
event of fire.
(c)Heating.Rooms in which Class I liquids are stored or used shall be heated
only by means not constituting a source of ignition, such as steam or hot water.
Rooms containing heating appliances involving sources of ignition shall be
located and arranged to prevent entry of flammable vapors.
Ventilation
Sec.79.1403.(a)General.Ventilation shall be provided for all rooms,build-
ings or enclosures in which Class I liquids are pumped, used or transferred.
Design of ventilation systems shall take into account the relatively high specific
gravity of the vapors. Ventilation may be provided by adequate openings in
outside walls at floor level unobstructed except by louvers or coarse screens.
Where natural ventilation is inadequate,mechanical ventilation shall be provided
in accordance with the Mechanical Code.
(b)Basements and Pits. Class I liquids shall not be stored or used within a
building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors may travel,unless
such area is provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of
flammable vapors therein.
(c)Dispensing of Class I Liquids. Containers of Class I liquids shall not be
drawn from or filled within buildings unless provision is made to prevent the
accumulation of flammable vapors in hazardous concentrations.Where mechani-
cal ventilation is required,it shall be kept in operation while flammable vapors
may be present.
Storage
Sec.79.1404.Storage of Class I,Class II and Class III-A liquids in bulk plants
shall,in addition to complying with the provisions of this division,comply with
the applicable provisions of Divisions II,III,IV and V of this article.
Loading and Unloading Facilities
Sec.79.1405. Tank vehicle and tank car loading or unloading facilities shall
conform to to the requirements of Division VIII.
302
1988 EDITION 79.1406
Wharves
Sec. 79.1406. (a) Scope. This section shall apply to all such installations
except marine service stations as covered in Division IX.
(b)Definition.WHARF is any wharf,pier,bulkhead or other structure over or
contiguous to navigable water,the primary function of which is the transfer of
liquid cargo in bulk between shore installations and any tank vessel,ship,barge,
lighter boat or other mobile floating craft.
(c)Transferring Times. Package cargo of liquids,including full and empty
drums, bulk fuel and stores, may be transported over a wharf during cargo
transfer at such times and places as agreed upon by the wharf superintendent and
the senior deck officer on duty.
(d)Transferring Locations.Wharves at which liquid cargoes are to be trans-
ferred in bulk quantities to or from tank vessels shall be at least 100 feet from any
bridge over a navigable waterway,or from an entrance to or superstructure of any
vehicular or railroad tunnel under a waterway. The termination of the wharf
loading or unloading fixed piping shall be at least 200 feet from a bridge or from an
entrance to or superstructure of a tunnel.
(e)Cargo Vessels and Transfer Equipment. Substructure and deck shall be
substantially designed for the use intended.Deck may employ any material which
will afford the desired combination of flexibility,resistance to shock,durability,
strength and fire resistance.Heavy timber construction is acceptable.
Tanks used exclusively for ballast water or Class II or Class III liquids may be
installed on suitably designed wharves.
Loading pumps capable of building up pressures in excess of the safe working
pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall be provided with bypasses,relief
valves or other arrangement to protect the loading facilities against excessive
pressure. Relief devices shall be tested at not more than yearly intervals to
determine that they function satisfactorily at the pressure at which they are set.
a
All pressure hoses and couplings shall be inspected at intervals appropriate to Z
the service. With the hose extended,test the hose and couplings using the "in-
service maximum operating pressures." Any hose showing material deteriora-
tions, signs of leakage or weakness in its carcass or at the couplings shall be
withdrawn from service and repaired or discarded. `
(f)Piping,Valves and Fittings.Piping,valves and fittings shall be in accord-
ance with Division VII,with the following exceptions and additions:
1. Flexibility of piping shall be assured by appropriate layout and arrange-
ment of piping supports so that motion of the wharf structure resulting from
wave action,currents,tides or the mooring of vessels will not subject the
pipe to repeated strain above the elastic limit.
2. Pipe joints depending upon the friction characteristics of combustible
materials or grooving of pipe ends for mechanical continuity of piping shall
not be used.
3. Swivel joints may be used in piping to which hoses are connected and for
articulated swivel-joint transfer systems,provided that the design is such
303
79.1406-79.1407 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
that the mechanical strength of the joint will not be impaired if the packing
material should fail,as by exposure to fire.
4. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to operate the
system properly and to control the flow of liquid in normal operation and in
the event of physical damage.
5. In addition to the requirements of Item No.4 above,each line conveying
Class I and Class II liquids leading to a wharf shall be provided with a
readily accessible block valve located on shore near the approach to the
wharf and outside of any diked area.Where more than one line is involved,
the valves shall be grouped in one location.
6. Means of easy access shall be provided for cargo line valves located below
the wharf deck.
7. Pipe lines on wharves shall be adequately bonded and grounded if Class I
and Class 1I liquids are transported.If excessive stray currents are encoun-
tered,insulating joints shall be installed.Bonding and grounding connec-
tions on all pipe lines shall be located on wharf side of hose riser insulating
flanges,if used,and shall be accessible for inspection.
8. Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe connections used for cargo transfer
shall be capable of accommodating the combined effects of change in draft
and maximum tidal range, and mooring lines shall be kept adjusted to
prevent surge of the vessel from placing stress on the cargo transfer system.
9. Hose shall be supported so as to avoid kinking and damage from chafing.
(g)Loading or discharging shall not commence until wharf superintendent and
officer in charge of tank vessel agree that tank vessel is properly moored and all
connections are properly made.
(h)Mechanical work shall not be performed on the wharf during cargo transfer,
except under special authorization based on a review of the area involved,
methods to be employed and precautions necessary.
Electrical Equipment
Sec.79.1407.(a)General.This section applies to areas where Class I liquids
are stored, handled or dispensed. All wiring and electrical equipment shall be
designed,installed and operated in accordance with the Electrical Code.
(b)Extent of Classified Area. Table No. 79.1407 shall be used to classify
areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment.
304
I
1988 EDITION 79.1407
TABLE NO.79.1407—CLASS I LOCATIONS'
GROUP D EXTENT OF
LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIED AREA
Tank Vehicle and Tank Carz l Within 3 feet of edge of dome,extending
Loading through open dome in all directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from edge
of dome,extending in all directions.
Loading through bottom 1 Within 3 feet of point of venting to atmo-
connections with sphere,extending in all directions.
atmospheric venting
2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from
point of venting to atmosphere,extending
in all directions. Also up to 18 inches
above grade within a horizontal radius of
10 feet from point of loading connection.
Loading through closed 1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent,extend-
dome with atmospheric ing in all directions.
venting 2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from open
end of vent,extending in all directions.
Also within 3 feet of edge of dome,ex-
tending in all directions.
Loading through closed 2 Within 3 feet of point of connection of
dome with vapor control both fill and vapor lines,extending in all
directions.
Bottom loading with vapor 2 Within 3 feet of point of connection,ex-
or any bottom unloading tending in all directions. Also up to 18
inches above grade within a horizontal
radius of 10 feet from point of connec-
tion.
Drum and Container Filling
Outdoors,or indoors with I Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening,
adequate ventilation extending in all directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent
or fill opening, extending in all direc-
tions.Also up to 18 inches above floor or
grade level within a horizontal radius of
10 feet from vent or fill opening.
Tank—Aboveground3
Shell,ends or roof and dike 2 Within 10 feet from shell,ends or roof of
area tank.Area inside dikes to level of top of
dike.
Vent l Within 5 feet of open end of vent,extend-
ing in all directions. ,
2 Area between 5 feet and 10 feet from open
end of vent,extending in all directions.
Floating roof 1 I Area above the roof and within the shell.
(Continued)
305
79.1407 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.79.1407—CLASS 1 LOCATIONS'—(Continued)
GROUP ID EXTENT OF
LOCATION DIVISION CLASSIFIEDAREA
Pits
Without mechanical 1 Entire area within pit if any part is within
ventilation a Division 1 or 2 classified area.
With mechanical ventilation 2 Entire area within pit if any part is within
a Division I or 2 classified area.
Containing valves,fittings
or piping,and not within a
Division 1 or 2 classified
area 2 Entire pit.
Pumps,Bleeders,
Withdrawal Fittings,Meters
and Similar Devices
Indoors 2 Within 5 feet of any edge of such devices,
extending in all directions.Also up to 3
feet above floor or grade level within 25
feet horizontally from any edge of such
devices.
Outdoors 2 Within 3 feet of any edge of such devices,
extending in all directions.Also up to 18
inches above grade level within 10 feet
horizontally from any edge of such de-
vices.
Storage and Repair Garage 1 All pits or spaces below floor level.
for Tank Vehicles
2 Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade
level for entire storage or repair garage.
Drainage Ditches, 2 Area up to 18 inches above ditch,separa-
Separators,Impounding for or basin.Also up to 18 inches above
Basins grade within 15 feet horizontally from
any edge.
Garages for Other Than Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms
Tank Vehicles within the extent of an outdoor classified
area,the entire room shall be classified
the same as the area classification at the
point of the opening.
Outdoor Drum Storage Ordinary
Indoor Warehousing Where Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms
There is No Flammable within the extent of an indoor classified
Liquid Transfer area, the room shall be classified the
same as if the wall,curb or partition did
not exist.
Office and Rest Rooms Ordinary
'Locations as classified in the Electrical Code.
2When classifying extent of area,consideration shall be given to the fact that tank cars or
tank vehicles may be spotted at varying points.Therefore,the extremities of the
loading or unloading positions shall be used.
317or tanks underground,see Division VI.
306
1988 EDITION 79.1408-79.1502
Ignition Sources
Sec.79.1408.Class I,II or III-A liquids shall not be used,drawn or dispensed
where flammable vapors may reach a source of ignition. Smoking shall be
prohibited except in designated localities.NO SMOKING signs shall be conspic-
uously posted where hazard from flammable vapors is normally present.
Drainage and Waste Disposal
Sec.79.1409.Provision shall be made to prevent liquids which can be spilled at
loading or unloading points from entering public sewers and drainage systems or
natural waterways. Connection to such sewers, drains or waterways by which
liquids might enter shall be provided with separator boxes or other approved
means whereby such entry is precluded.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.1410. Fire protection shall be in accordance with Article 10 and the
following:
1. Suitable portable fire extinguishers with a rating of not less than 20-B shall
be located with 75 feet of those portions of the facility where fires are likely
to occur,such as hose connections,pumps and separator tanks.
2. Where piped water is available,ready-connected fire hose in size appropri-
ate for the water supply shall be provided so that manifolds where connec-
tions are made and broken can be reached by at least one hose stream.
3. Material shall not be placed on wharves in such a manner as to obstruct
access to fire-fighting equipment or important pipeline control valves.
4. Where the wharf is accessible to vehicle traffic,an unobstructed roadway
to the shore end of the wharf shall be maintained for access of fire-fighting
apparatus.
Division XV
CHEMICAL AND PROCESSING PLANTS
Scope
Sec. 79.1501. This division shall apply to those plants or buildings which
contain chemical operations such as oxidation,reduction,halogenation, alkyla-
tion,polymerization,fractional distillation,where liquids are produced by chem-
ical reactions or used in chemical reactions and other chemical processes.
EXCEPTION:Refineries or distilleries.See Division XVI.
Construction
Sec.79.1502.Processing buildings shall be constructed in accordance with the
Building Code.
307
79.1503-79.1505 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Location of Processing Vessel
Sec.79.1503.(a)Exterior Locations.The location of each processing vessel
shall be based upon its liquid capacity. Processing vessels shall be located with
respect to distances to lines of adjoining property which can be built upon in
accordance with Table No.79.1503,except when the processing plant is designed
in accordance with Subsection(b).
TABLE NO.79.1503—LOCATION OF PROCESSING VESSELS FROM
PROPERTY LINES
PROCESSING VESSELS
WITH EMERGENCY RELIEF STABLE UNSTABLE
VENTING TO PERMIT PRESSURE LIQUIDS LIQUIDS
Not in excess of 2.5 psig Table No. 2'h times Table
79.503-171 No. 79.503-171
Over 2.5 psig I'h times Table 4 times Table
No.79.503-Ft No. 79.503-Ft
'Double distances where protection of exposure is not provided.
(b)Interior Locations.The distances required by Table No. 79.1503 may be
waived when the vessels are housed within a building and the exterior wall facing
the line of adjoining property which can be built upon is a blank wall having a fire-
resistance rating of not less than four hours. When Class I-A or unstable liquids
are involved, the blank wall shall have explosion resistance in accordance with
good engineering practice.
Drainage
Sec.79.1504.(a)Control.Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to
direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage and fire-protection water to a safe
location. The processing plant shall be designed and operated to prevent the
normal discharge of flammable or combustible liquids to public waterways,
public sewers or adjoining property.
(b) Connection to Sewers. Emergency drainage systems, if connected to
public sewers or discharged into public waterways,shall be equipped with traps or
separators.
Ventilation
Sec.79.1505.(a)General.Enclosed processing buildings for Class I or Class
II liquids shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than six air changes per hour.
Where natural ventilation is inadequate,mechanical ventilation shall be provided
in accordance with the Mechanical Code.Natural or mechanical ventilation shall
discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building.Provision shall be
made for introduction of makeup air in such a manner as to include all floor areas
or pits where flammable vapors may collect.Local or spot general ventilation may
be needed for the control of special fire or health hazards. Such ventilation, if
provided,can be utilized for up to 75 percent of the required ventilation.
308
1988 EDITION 79.1505-79.1512
(b)Ventilation Equipment.Equipment used in a building and the ventilation
of the building shall be designed so as to limit flammable vapor-air mixtures under
normal operating conditions to the interior of equipment and to not more than 5
feet from equipment which exposes Class I liquids to the air. Examples of such
equipment are dispensing stations,open centrifuges,plate and frame filters,open
vacuum filters and surfaces of open equipment.
Explosion Relief
Sec.79.1506. Areas where Class I-A or unstable liquids are processed shall
have explosion venting in accordance with the Building Code.
Storage of Liquids
Sec.79.1507.(a)Tanks.The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in
tanks shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Divisions II,III,IV,
V and VI.
(b)Special Tanks.Day tanks,running tanks and surge tanks are permitted in
process area.
(c)Containers.The storage of liquids in containers shall be in accordance with
the applicable provisions of Divisions II and IV.
Piping,Valves and Fittings
Sec.79.1508. (a)General.Piping,valves and fittings shall be in accordance
with Division VII.
(b) Connections. Listed flexible connectors may be used where vibration
exists or where frequent movement is necessary. Approved hose may be used at
transfer stations.
(c)Identification.Piping containing liquids shall be identified in accordance
with nationally recognized standards.See Section 2.303(b).
Transfer
Sec.79.1509.The transfer of large quantities of Class I,II or III-A liquids shall
be through piping by means of pumps,water displacement or inert gas.Except as
required in process equipment, gravity flow shall not be used. Compressed air
shall not be used as a transferring medium.Positive displacement pumps shall be
provided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank or to pump suction.
Equipment
Sec. 79.1510. Equipment shall be designed and arranged to prevent the
unintentional escape of liquids and vapors and to minimize the quantity escaping
in the event of accidental release.
Loading and Unloading Facilities
Sec.79.1511.Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading facilities shall
be in accordance with Division VIII.
Dispensing
Sec.79.1512.Dispensing shall be in accordance with Division VIII.
309
79.1513-79.1601 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Ignition Sources
Sec. 79.1513. Open flames, heating devices and processes employing tem-
peratures capable of igniting the vapors of the flammable liquid shall be pro-
hibited in buildings,rooms and other confined spaces in which Class I flammable
liquids are used in the open or in which Class II and Class III liquids are heated
above their flash point in open containers.Artificial lighting shall be by electricity
only. Electrical devices shall be of type approved for such locations. Electrical
devices shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.
Housekeeping
Sec.79.1514. (a)Container Leakage.Wherever flammable or combustible
liquids are stored in containers,provision shall be made and maintained for the
detection of leakage. Leaking containers shall be immediately removed and the
contents transferred to a tight container.
(b) Access. Access shall be provided by unobstructed aisles whereby fire-
control appliances may be brought to bear on any part of such flammable or
combustible liquid storage.
(c) Waste Disposal. In buildings, rooms or other confined spaces in which
flammable or combustible liquids are stored,combustible waste materials shall
not be allowed to accumulate.
Maintenance and Repair
Sec.79.1515.Hot work,such as welding or cutting operations,use of spark-
producing power tools and chipping operations shall be permitted only under
supervision of an individual in responsible charge.The individual in responsible
charge shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to
be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified.
Electrical Equipment
Sec. 79.1516. (a) General. All electrical equipment and wiring shall be
installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.
(b)Classified Areas.Table No.79.1309 shall be used to delineate and classify
areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.1517.Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10.
Division XVI
REFINERIES AND DISTILLERIES
Scope
Sec. 79.1601. This division shall apply to a plant or portions of a plant in
which flammable liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude
petroleum,natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources or where liquids pro-
duced by fermentation are concentrated and where concentrated products may
also be mixed,stored or packaged.
310
1988 EDITION 79.1602-79.1610
Locations
Sec. 79.1602. A permit shall not be issued for the operation of a chemical
plant,distillery,refinery or plant storing crude petroleum until approval has been
given for the operation with respect to topography,nearness to places of assembly,
residential or mercantile occupancy and adequacy of water supply for fire control.
Manner of Storage
Sec. 79.1603. Class I, II or III-A liquids shall be stored in drums or other
closed containers in accordance with Divisions II and IV of this article.
Storage Tanks
Sec.79.1604.Tanks for the storage of Class I,II or III-A liquids in tank farms
and in locations other than process areas shall be located in accordance with
Division III,V or VI of this article.
Pressure Vessels
Sec.79.1605.Construction,installation and maintenance of pressure vessels
shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Mechanical Code or other
nationally recognized standards.
Location of Process Units
Sec.79.1606.Process units shall be located so that they are accessible from at
least one side for the purpose of fire control.Where topographical conditions are
such that flammable or combustible liquids may flow from a processing area so as
to constitute a fire hazard to other property,provision shall be made to divert or
impound the flow by curbs,drains or other suitable means.
Fence
Sec.79.1607.Except where a refinery is made inaccessible to the public by a
natural or other adequate barrier,a substantial fence of wire or other noncombusti-
ble material(except that wooden supporting posts may be used) shall be main-
tained around the refinery. Such fence shall be not less than 5 feet in height and
any and all openings in any such fence shall be arranged with gates which shall
remain normally closed.
EXCEPTION:Gates or openings with gate attendant.
Smoking
Sec.79.1608.Smoking is prohibited except in approved,posted areas.
Waste Combustibles
Sec.79.1609.Persons shall not accumulate or allow the dangerous accumula-
tion of grass, weeds, waste combustible materials or waste Class I, II or III-A
liquids on the premises of a refinery.
EXCEPTION:In a sump,tank or receptacle approved for this purpose.
Fire Protection
Sec.79.1610.Fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Article 10.
311
79.1701-79.1804 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Division XVII
TRANSPORTATION PIPELINES
AMErec. 7
c. 79.1701. For permits to use or to excavate near a pipeline used for the
transportation of flammable or combustible liquids,see Section 4.108.
Division XVIII
DRY CLEANING WITH FLAMMABLE
OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Scope
Sec.79.1801. Dry-cleaning plants or systems as defined in Section 9.106 in
which flammable or combustible liquids are used or stored shall comply with this
division.For dry-cleaning plants using noncombustible liquids,see Article 36.
Plant and System Classification
Sec.79.1802.Dry-cleaning plants or systems shall be classified according to
the character of the flammable or combustible liquids used or stored as follows:
1. Class I plants or systems are those plants or systems in which Class I
flammable liquids are employed as solvents for dry cleaning.
2. Class II plants or systems are those plants or systems in which Class II
combustible liquids are employed as solvents for dry cleaning.
3. Class III-A plants or systems are those plants or systems in which Class
III-A combustible liquids are employed as solvents for dry cleaning.
4. Class III-B plants or systems are those plants or systems in which Class
III-B combustible liquids are employed as solvents dry cleaning.
Except for the quantities of liquids allowed for scouring,brushing or spotting in
Section 79.1815 (c), when more than one class of flammable or combustible
solvent is used or stored in a plant, the classification shall be based on the
numerically lowest class.
Permits
Sec. 79.1803. For permits to engage in the business of dry cleaning, see
Section 4.101.
Solvents
Sec.79.1804.(a)Changes in Class.Solvents shall not be changed to a solvent
in a more hazardous classification unless such change has been approved by the
chief and a new permit issued.
(b)Verification of Class. The chief may require that samples of solvent be
taken and tested to verify that a system is correctly classified.Tests shall be by an
independent agency or laboratory.
312
17.56.250 Section 79.1701 amended--Transportation
pipelines--Permits. Section 79.101 is amended herewith by
adding subsections (a) and (b) to read as follows:
(a) For permits to use or to excavate near a pipeline
used for the transportation of flammable or combustible
liquids, see Section 4.101.
(b) Transportation pipelines shall be subject to the
requirements contained in California Government Code Sections
51010 et seq. (California Pipeline Safety Act of 1981), and
California Health and Safety Code §13107.5 as such regulations
now exist and any amendments thereto. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86;
Ord. 2638, 9/83; Ord. 2430, 7/80)
312.1
1988 EDITION 79.1804-79.1806
(c) Heating. The temperatures of Class II and Class III-A liquids shall not
exceed 90°F.The temperature of Class III-B liquids shall not be in excess of 30'R
below their flash point. When liquid coolers are required,temperatures shall be
monitored by visual as well as audible alarming devices installed to warn opera-
tors that temperatures are approaching the specified limitation.
Prohibited Liquids
Sec.79.1805.Except as provided in Section 79.1815(c),Class I liquids shall
not be used for dry cleaning.
Occupancy Requirements
Sec.79.1806.(a)General.Class II and Class III-A dry cleaning plants shall be
within buildings conforming to the requirements of the Building Code for a Group
H,Division 2 Occupancy. Class III-B dry-cleaning plants may be within build-
ings conforming to the requirements for a Group B,Division 2 Occupancy.
Buildings containing dry-cleaning plants shall be sprinklered throughout in
accordance with the provisions of the Building Code.
(b) Location Within Buildings. Dry-cleaning rooms and solvent storage
rooms shall be located only on the first story.
(c) Plant Separations. Buildings containing Class II or Class III-A dry-
cleaning plants and their associated operations shall be separated from all other
businesses by not less than four-hour fire-resistive occupancy separations.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Class II dry-cleaning plants and associated operations may
be separated from other businesses by two-hour fire-resistive occupancy separations
when the total quantity of Class II liquids within the building does not exceed 550
gallons and the capacity of individual containers or tanks does not exceed 275
gallons.
2. Class III-A plants and associated operations may be separated from other
occupancies by two-hour fire-resistive occupancy separations when the total quan-
tities of Class III-A liquids within the building does not exceed 1320 gallons and the
capacity of individual containers or tanks within the building does not exceed 330
gallons.
(d) Occupancy Separations. 1. Dry-cleaning rooms. Dry-cleaning rooms
containing Class H or Class III-A solvents shall be separated from other uses m_
including solvent storage,offices,laundering,scouring,scrubbing,pressing and
ironing operations by not less than two-hour fire-resistive occupancy separations. a a
EXCEPTION: Solvent storage tanks need not be separated from the dry-clean-
ing room when the capacity of each such tank does not exceed 1500 gallons,
provided there are not more than two storage tanks and the aggregate capacity of all
solvent tanks and containers within the room does not exceed 7500 gallons.
Dry-cleaning rooms containing Class III-B solvents need not be separated from
other uses in the dry-cleaning plant; however, the maximum capacity of any
containers or tanks within the room shall not exceed 2500 gallons and the capacity
of all containers or tanks within the room shall not exceed 7500 gallons.
2. Solvent storage.Except for solvent storage allowed within a dry-cleaning
room in Subsection 1 above,solvents stored within a plant shall be within inside
313
79.1806-79.1810 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
liquid storage rooms or liquid storage rooms and shall comply with the require-
ments of Section 79.202 or 79.203.
EXCEPTION: Solvent storage for scouring,brushing and spotting operations
may be in accordance with Section 79.201(e),Item No.4(ii).
3.Drying rooms.Rooms or areas in which articles are hung up to dry shall be
separated from other uses by not less than two-hour fire-resistive occupancy
separations.
EXCEPTION:Approved drying or deodorizing cabinets may be located within
dry cleaning rooms.
4.Rooms containing open flames.Fuel-burning equipment which generates
an open flame shall be separated from rooms in which solvents are used or stored
by not less than four-hour fire-resistive occupancy separations.Openings to such
rooms shall be at least 10 feet from any opening into rooms containing solvents.
5.Floors.Floors in rooms containing solvents shall comply with the require-
ments of the Building Code for rooms used for storage of flammable or combusti-
ble liquids.
Ventilation
Sec. 79.1807. A mechanical ventilation system shall be installed in dry-
cleaning rooms and in drying rooms which is designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot of
air per minute for each square foot of floor area.
The ventilation system shall operate automatically when the dry-cleaning
equipment is in operation and shall have manual controls at an approved location.
Heating Equipment
Sec. 79.1808. Fuel-burning equipment shall be separated from dry-cleaning
operations and solvent storage areas as required by Section 79.1806 (d) 4.
Circulating-air systems which return air from dry-cleaning rooms or solvent
rooms to fuel-burning or other heating equipment shall not be employed.
EXCEPTION:Forced-air, fuel-buming or other heating equipment which is
separated from the dry-cleaning room may be employed when only Class III-B
systems are used.Combustion-air or fuel-buming equipment shall not be taken from
rooms in which liquids are used or stored nor from areas containing flammable
vapors.
Electrical Equipment and Lighting
Sec.79.1809.Lighting shall be by electricity.Electrical wiring and equipment
shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. Electrical forced-air
heating systems shall comply with Section 79.1808.
Solvent Containers,Tanks and Transferring Equipment
Sec. 79.1810. (a) General. Containers and tanks shall comply with the
appropriate division of this article, except as modified by this section. Piping
shall comply with Division VII of this article;however,flexible hoses resistant to
the solvent may be used to connect equipment when the operating pressures do not
exceed 5 pounds.Required shutoff valves at equipment shall be ahead of flexible
connectors.
314
1988 EDITION 79.1810-79.1811
(b) Transferring. Transferring of solvents from storage tanks through pro-
cesses shall be by closed circuit piping.Pumps of positive displacement type shall
have a bypass and relief valve.
Fill openings to storage tanks shall be located outside of the building at an
approved location. Each fill pipe inlet shall be permanently identified with the
appropriate liquid classification.
(c)Venting.The emergency relief venting capacity for aboveground tanks and
containers shall not be less than that derived from Table No.79.509-A multiplied
by 0.3.In calculating the vent size, 100 percent of the surface area of the tank or
container shall be assumed to be wetted.
(d) Gaging Device. A gaging device shall be installed on inside storage or
treatment tank. Gaging devices shall be of a design that will not allow vapors to
escape within the building nor liquids to escape in case a gage is broken.
(e)Sludge Removal.When underground treating and settling tanks are used,a
separate suction pipe shall be carried to the bottom of the tank and a pump shall be
installed to remove the sludge.Discharge piping from the pump shall connect to a
suitable container.
(f) Treatment Tanks. Treatment tanks shall be built in accordance with
approved standards and shall be designed for working pressure not less than 15
psig when they are subject to pressures greater than atmospheric.
Pressure-relief devices shall be installed on treatment tanks that are subject to
pressures greater than atmospheric which will prevent the pressures in the tank
from exceeding 10 percent above the working pressure. Relief devices shall be
connected to an underground tank or an aboveground tank of a dry-cleaning unit
by piping not less than 3/4 inch in size without a shutoff valve in the piping.
(g)Filters.Pressure-type filters shall be equipped with a reliable pressure gage
and shall not be operated at pressures exceeding those for which they were
designed.Filters shall be provided with an air bleeding valve and line connected
to discharge into a washer or into the storage tank vent line. Such air bleeding
lines shall not discharge into the room. Pressure-relief devices shall be installed
on pressure filters to prevent the pressure in the filter from raising more than 10
percent above its working pressure. Relief devices shall be connected to an
underground tank or dry-cleaning unit by piping not less than 3/4 inch in size.
(h) Sight Glasses. Sight glasses, the breakage of which would permit the
escape of liquids, shall not be of the type readily damaged by heat and shall be
protected against physical damage.
Dry-cleaning Units
Sec.79.1811. (a)Construction.Except as provided in Section 79.1815,the
immersion or agitation of textiles in solvent and the extraction of solvent from
textiles shall be within dry-cleaning machines that comply with this section.Dry
cleaning units shall be substantially constructed closed units that are well secured
to the building or foundations. The loading opening shall be equipped with a
close-fitting door designed to prevent solvent leaks.The units shall be provided
with interlocks to prevent cylinder rotation under power when the doors are open.
A manually operated stop switch shall be installed on or at each unit.
315
79.1811-79.1813 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(b)Connections.Dry-cleaning units shall be provided with an overflow pipe
one size larger than the size of solvent supply line to the machine.Such overflow
pipe shall be connected to the shell of the washer so that the top of overflow is
below the bottom of the trunion shaft;it shall be without shutoff valves and be
arranged to discharge to a suitable tank.The supply pipe shall contain a shutoff
valve,shall enter the washer above the discharge level and shall discharge away
from the door opening.
(c) Traps. Individual button and lint traps shall be provided for each dry
cleaning unit.
(d)Warning Labels or Signs. A permanently affixed label or sign shall be
displayed near the door opening of each machine indicating that it is not to be
operated with solvents having a flash point less than a specified level. The
specified flash point shall be the minimum flash point established by the manufac-
turer.The label shall also indicate that the doors to the machine shall not be open
until the rotating cylinder has stopped.
Stills
Sec.79.1812.The source of heat for stills shall be limited to steam,hot water or
oil.If steam is used,a pressure-regulating valve shall be installed in the steam line
to the still and a check valve shall be installed in the steam line between the boiler
and the still.'Stills shall be liquid and gas tight and shall be designed to operate on
the vacuum principle. If a relief valve is installed on a still,it shall be equipped
with a vent line extending to the exterior.
Each still shall be provided with a combination vacuum and pressure gage.
Each still shall be equipped with a constant level to automatically maintain the
solvent liquid in the still at the proper height.
Drying Tumblers and Cabinets
Sec. 19.1813. Drying tumblers shall be of substantial construction well
secured to foundations and shall be provided with self-closing explosion hatches
having an area equal to at least one-third square foot for each 30 cubic feet of
cylinder volume.Hatches shall be arranged to open away from the operator.Each
drying tumbler in Class II systems shall be provided with approved extinguishing
equipment arranged to operate automatically in case of a fire unless otherwise
approved by the chief.
Drying tumblers in Class H systems shall be provided with a steam jet of not
less than 3/8-inch size for humidifying during the drying processes. Drying
tumblers and drying cabinets shall be ventilated to the outside by means of pipes
or ducts connected to an exhaust fan of sufficient capacity to remove all dust,
vapors or lint generated by the process. Such discharge pipes or ducts shall be
carried to a height of not less than 6 feet above the roof and shall be provided with
cleanout facilities. Discharge pipes shall not terminate within 10 feet measured
horizontally from any door,window or combustible wall.
The fan shall be properly housed and so interlocked so as to ensure operation
while the drying tumbler is in use. Fan blades shall be of nonferrous metal,and
fan motors shall not be located within the duct.
316
1986 EDITION 79.1814-79.1817
Bonding and Grounding
Sec. 79.1814. (a) General. Storage tanks, treatment tanks, filters, pumps,
piping,duct work,dry-cleaning units,stills,tumblers,drying cabinets and other
such equipment, if not inherently electrically conductive, shall be bonded
together and grounded.Isolated equipment shall be grounded.
(b)Pulleys and Belting. Pulleys and belting in dry-cleaning rooms shall be
provided with properly grounded combs,collectors or neutralizers.
(c)Double Process Equipment.When fabrics are transferred from one piece
of equipment to another,the two pieces of equipment shall be electrically bonded
together.
(d)Spotting'Fables. Metal tops of spotting tables shall be permanently and
effectively grounded.
Scouring,Brushing and Spotting
Sec.79.1815.(a)Design.The brushing(prespotting)table shall have a liquid-
tight top with a curb on all sides not less than 1 inch high.The top of the table shall
be pitched so as to ensure thorough draining to a 1'h-inch drain connected to a
suitable container especially provided and marked for that purpose.
(b) Type of Solvent. All scouring or brushing and spotting (prespotting)
operations utilizing solvents with lower flash points than the solvents used in the
plant dry-cleaning units shall be limited to 1 gallon and dispensed from approved
safety cans.Additional storage shall be in approved safety cans or approved metal
shipping containers of not over 1-gallon capacity. Class I liquids and Class II
liquids in Class III plants that are not in use shall be stored in cabinets that comply
with Section 79.201(g)or shall be within rooms complying with Section 79.202
or 79.203.
Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at scouring, brushing and spotting
tables.The mechanical ventilation system shall be designed to capture vapors and
exhaust them through a system that complies with the Mechanical Code.
(c)Dry Cleaning Outside of Dry-cleaning Units.Textiles which cannot be
cleaned within dry-cleaning units that comply with Section 79.1811 may be
cleaned on scouring or brushing tables or in scrubbing tubs that contain not more
than 3 gallons of flammable or combustible solvent. Scrubbing tubs shall be
secured to the floor and shall be provided with permanent 1'h-inch trapped drains
to a suitable container especially provided and marked for that purpose.
Fire Protection
Sec. 79.1816. Approved portable fire extinguishers of a type suitable for
fighting fires involving flammable or combustible liquids shall be provided in all
dry-cleaning plants in accordance with Article 10.At least one extinguisher shall
be provided at each entrance to every room or area where flammable or combusti-
ble liquids are stored or used.
Smoking
Sec.79.1817.Smoking in dry cleaning plants shall be only within designated
smoking rooms. NO SMOKING signs shall be posted in all rooms containing
flammable or combustible liquids.
317
80.101-80.102 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 80
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Division I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Scope
Sec. 80.101. The purpose of this article is to provide requirements for the
prevention,control and mitigation of dangerous conditions related to hazardous
materials and to provide information needed by emergency response personnel.
Hazardous materials are those chemicals or substances defined as such in Article
9. See Appendix VI-A for the classification of hazard categories and hazard
evaluations.
The general provisions and requirements in Division I shall apply to all hazard-
ous materials,including those materials regulated elsewhere in this code,except
that when specific requirements are provided in other articles, those specific
requirements shall apply.When a material has multiple hazards,all hazards shall
be addressed.
The provisions of this article related to health hazards as defined in this article
and classified in Division II of this article are waived when the chief or other
official charged with the enforcement of this code has determined that such
enforcement is preempted by other codes,statutes or ordinances. The details of
any action granting any such waiver shall be recorded and entered in the files of
the code enforcement agency.
€ The classification system referenced in Division II shall apply to all hazardous
materials,including those materials regulated elsewhere in this code.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.The off-site transportation of hazardous materials when in
conformance with the Department of Transportation(DOT)regulations.
2. The quantities of alcholic beverages,medicines, foodstuffs and cosmetics,
containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with
the remainder of the solutions not being flammable,in retail sales occupancies are
unlimited when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters.
For existing buildings,see Section 1.103(b).
Definitions:
€ Sec.80.102.(a)General.For definitions of AIR-REACTIVE MATERIALS;
CFR;CARCINOGEN;CHEMICAL;CHEMICAL NAME;COMMON RADI-
ATION SOURCE MATERIALS; COMPRESSED GAS; CORROSIVE; DE-
FLAGRATION;DETACHED STORAGE;DETONATION;EXPLOSION;EX-
PLOSIVE; FISSILE MATERIALS; FLAMMABLE SOLID; HAZARDOUS
€ MATERIALS;HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIALS;IRRITANT;ISOLATED STOR-
AGE;MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET;NTP OSHA;ORGANIC PEROX-
IDE; OXIDIZER; PEROXIDE-FORMING CHEMICAL; PRIMARY CON-
TAINMENT; PROPRIETARY INFORMATION; PYROPHORIC;
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT;SEGREGATED STORAGE;SENSITIZER;
318
Section 80.101, page 318. Add a paragraph as follows:
For retail display of nonflammable solid and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in
Group B, Division 2 retail sales occupancies, see Section
80.109.
318.1
1988 EDITION 80.102
TARGET ORGAN EFFECTS;TOXIC;UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE;UN-
STABLE;and WATER-REACTIVE MATERIALS,see Article 9.
(b)Limited Application. For the purpose of this article, certain terms and
words are defined as follows:
BARRICADE is a structure that consists of a combination of walls,floor and
roof that is designed to withstand the rapid release of energy in an explosion.
Barricades may be fully confined,partially vented or fully vented.
CEILING LIMIT is the maximum concentration of an airborne contaminant
to which one may be exposed.The ceiling limits utilized are to be those published
in 29 CFR 1910.1000. '-
CONTAINER is any vessel of 60 U.S. gallons or less capacity used for
transporting or storing hazardous materials.
CONTINOUS GAS-DETECTION SYSTEM is a gas-detection system
where the analytical instrument is maintained in continuous operation and sam-
pling is performed without interruption.Analysis may be performed on a cyclical
basis at intervals not to exceed 30 minutes. `-
CONTROL AREA is space within a building where the exempt amounts
specified in Division III may be stored or the exempt amounts specified in
Division IV may be dispensed,used or handled.
CYLINDER is a pressure vessel designed for pressures higher than 40 pounds
per square inch absolute and having a circular cross section.It does not include a
portable tank,multiunit tank car tank,cargo tank or tank car. €
EXCESS FLOW CONTROL is a fail-safe system designed to shut off flow
due to a rupture in pressurized piping systems.
EXCESS FLOW VALVE is a valve inserted into a compressed gas cylinder,
portable or stationary tank that is designed to positively shut off the flow of gas in
the event that its predetermined flow is exceeded.
HEALTH HAZARD is a classification of a chemical for which there is
statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accord-
ance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may =_
occur in exposed persons. The term"health hazard" includes chemicals which
are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants,
corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which = a
act on the hematopoetic system,and agents which damage the lungs,skin,eyes or
mucuous membranes.
HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUID is a liquid with a boiling point of less than 68°F. _ d
IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) is a concentration of <
airborne contaminants, normally expressed in parts per million(ppm)or milli-
grams per cubic meter,which represents the maximum level from which one could
escape within 30 minutes without any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible
health effects.This level is established by the National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health(NIOSH).If adequate data do not exist for precise establish-
ment of IDLH data, an independent certified industrial hygienist, industrial
toxicologist or appropriate regulatory agency shall make such determination.
319
80.102-80.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL) is the maximum permitted
eight-hour time-weighted average concentration of an airborne contaminant.The
maximum permitted time-weighted average exposures to be utilized are those
published in 29 CFR 1910.1000.
PHYSICAL HAZARD is a classification of a chemical for which there is
scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, compressed gas,
cryogenic, explosive, flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid,
organic, peroxide, oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive
material.
PORTABLE TANK is any packaging over 60 U.S. gallons capacity and
designed primarily to be loaded into or on or temporarily attached to a transport
vehicle or ship and equipped with skids, mounting or accessories to facilitate
handling of the tank by mechanical means.It does not include any cylinder having
Tess than a 1,000-pound water capacity, cargo tank, tank car tank or trailers
carrying cylinders of over 1,000-pound water capacity.
REDUCED FLOW VALVE is a valve equipped with a restricted flow orifice
and inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, portable or stationary tank that is
designed to reduce the maximum flow from the valve under full flow conditions.
The maximum flow rate from the valve is determined with the valve allowed to
flow to atmosphere with no other piping or fittings attached.
e SEPARATE GAS STORAGE ROOM is a separate enclosed area which is
part of or attached to a building and is utilized for the storage or use of highly toxic
compressed or liquefied gases.
STATIONARY TANK is packaging designed primarily for stationary installa-
tions not intended for loading,unloading or attachment to a transport vehicle as
part of its normal operation in the process of use. It does not include cylinders
having less than 1,000-pound water capacity.
STORAGE FACILITY is a building, portion of a building or exterior area
used for the storage of hazardous materials in excess of exempt amounts specified
in Division III.
USE (Material) is the placing in action or making available for service by
opening or connecting anything utilized for confinement of material whether a
solid,liquid or gas.
Permits
Sec.80.103.(a)General.No person,firm or corporation shall store,dispense,
use or handle hazardous material in excess of quantities specified in Section 4.108
unless and until a valid permit has been issued pursuant to this article.
A permit shall be obtained when a material is classified as having more than one
hazard category if the quantity limits are exceeded in any category.
No person, firm or corporation shall install, repair, abandon, remove, place
temporarily out of service,close or substantially modify a storage facility or other
area regulated by this article until a permit has been issued. (See also Sections
80.107 and 80.108.)
320
1988 EDITION 80.103-80.104
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Routine maintenance.
2.For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis,application for
permit shall be made within two working days of commencement of work.
Permittee shall apply for approval to close any storage,use or handling facility
' at least 30 days prior to the termination of the storage, use or handling of
hazardous materials.Such application shall include any change or alteration of the
facility closure plan filed pursuant to Section 80.107 of this article.This 30-day
period may be waived by the chief if there are special circumstances requiring
such waiver.
(b)Posting Permits.Hazardous materials permits shall be posted in a conspic-
uous location on the premises or shall be kept on the premises designated therein.
Permits shall at all times be subject to inspection by an officer of the fire or police
department or other authorized persons.
(c)Hazardous Materials Management Plan. When required by the chief,
each application for a permit pursuant to this article shall include a Hazardous
Materials Management Plan(HMMP)in accordance with Appendix II-E. _'-
(d)Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement.When required by the chief,
each application for a permit pursuant to this article shall include a Hazardous
Materials Inventory Statement(HMIS)in accordance with Appendix II-E.
General Requirements
Sec.80.104(a)General.The storage,dispensing,use and handling of hazard-
ous materials shall be in compliance with the provisions of this article.
(b) Release of Hazardous Materials. Hazardous materials shall not be re-
leased into a sewer, storm drain, ditch, drainage canal, lake, river or tidal
waterway,or upon the ground,sidewalk,street,highway or into the atmosphere.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Materials intended for use in weed abatement,erosion con-
trol,soil amendment or similar applications,when applied in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions or nationally recognized practices.
2.Materials released in accordance with federal,state or local governing regula-
tions or permits of the jurisdictional Air Quality Management Board with a National €
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit,with waste discharge requirements
established by the jurisdictional Water Quality Control Board or with local sewer
pretreatment requirements for publicly owned treatment works.
(c)Unauthorized Discharge. 1.Accurate records shall be kept by the permit-
tee of the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.
2. The chief shall be immediately notified when an unauthorized discharge
becomes reportable under state,federal or local regulations.
3. Provisions shall be made for controlling and mitigating unauthorized dis-
charges.
4. Whenever an unauthorized discharge due to primary container failure is
discovered, the involved primary container shall be repaired or removed from
service.
5. A person, firm or corporation responsible for an unauthorized discharge
shall institute and complete all actions necessary to remedy the effects of such
321
80.104-80.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
unauthorized discharge,whether sudden or gradual,at no cost to the jurisdiction.
When deemed necessary by the chief, cleanup may be initiated by the fire
department or by an authorized individual or firm. Costs associated with such
cleanup shall be borne by the owner,operator or other person responsible for the
unauthorized discharge.
(d)Material Safety Data Sheets.Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS)shall
be readily available on the premises for hazardous materials regulated by this
article.
(e)Identification. Visible hazard identification signs as specified in U.F.C.
Standard No. 79-3 shall be placed at entrances to locations where hazardous
materials are stored,dispensed,used or handled in quantities requiring a permit.
The chief may waive this requirement in special cases when consistent with safety.
Individual containers, cartons or packages shall-be conspicuously marked or
labeled in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See also Section
80.301 (d).
Construction Requirements
Sec.80.105. Buildings or portions thereof in which hazardous materials are
stored, handled or used shall be constructed in accordance with the Building
€ Code.
Boundaries of a control area shall be formed by one or more of the following:
1.An occupancy separation with a minimum one-hour fire-resistive rating.
2.The exterior wall,roof or foundation of the building.
A maximum of four control areas shall be permitted within a building.
EXCEPTION:A maximum of two control areas shall be permitted in buildings
or portions of buildings used for retail sales.
Personnel Training and Written Procedures
Sec.80.106.Persons responsible for the operation of areas in which hazardous
materials are stored,dispensed,handled or used shall be familiar with the chemi-
cal nature of the materials and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the
event of fire,leak or spill.
Responsible persons shall be designated and trained to be liaison personnel for
the fire department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning
emergency responses and identification of the locations where hazardous materi-
als are located and shall have access to Material Safety Data Sheets and be
knowledgeable in the site emergency response procedures.
Facility Closure Plan
€ Sec. 80.107. The permit holder or applicant shall submit a plan to the fire
department to terminate storage,dispensing,handling or use of hazardous materi-
als at least 30 days prior to facility closure. The plan shall demonstrate that
hazardous materials which were stored,dispensed,handled or used in the facility
have been transported,disposed of or reused in a manner that eliminates the need
for further maintenance and any threat to public health and safety.Such plan shall
be submitted in accordance with Section 80.103.
322
1988 EDITION 80.108-80.202
Out-of-service Facilities
Sec. 80.108. Facilities may be placed out of service in accordance with the
following:
1.Temporarily out-of-service facilities.Facilities which are temporarily out
of service shall continue to be permitted,monitored and inspected.
2.Permanently out-of-service facilities.Facilities for which a permit is not
kept current or is not monitored and inspected on a regular basis shall be deemed
to be permanently out of service and shall be closed in accordance with Section
80.107. =
See also Section 80.103.
Division II
CLASSIFICATION BY HAZARD
Scope
Sec.80.201.For the purpose of this code,hazardous materials shall be divided
into hazard categories. The categories include materials regulated under this
article and materials regulated elsewhere in this code.
Hazard Categories
Sec. 80.202. (a) Physical Hazards. The materials listed in this section are
classified as physical hazards. A material with a primary classification as a
physical hazard may also present a health hazard.
1. Explosives and blasting agents,regulated elsewhere in this code.
2. Compressed gases,regulated under this article and elsewhere in this code. =
3. Flammable and combustible liquids regulated elsewhere in this code.
4. Flammable solids.
5. Organic peroxides.
6. Oxidizers.
7. Pyrophoric materials.
8. Unstable(reactive)materials.
9. Water-reactive materials.
10. Cryogenic fluids,regulated under this article and elsewhere in this code.
(b)Health Hazards.The materials listed in this section are classified as health
hazards. A material with a primary classification as a health hazard may also
present a physical hazard.
1. Highly toxic or toxic materials,including highly toxic or toxic compressed
gases.
2.Radioactive materials.
3.Corrosives.
4.Other health hazards. -
_ 323
80.203-80.301 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Appendix
Sec.80.203.Descriptions and examples of materials included in hazard cate-
gories are contained in Appendix VI-A.
Division III
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
General
Sec. 80.301. (a) Scope. This division applies to the storage of hazardous .�
materials in containers, cylinders and tanks in excess of the exempt amounts
specified in Sections 80.302 through 80.315.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Hazardous materials regulated by other articles in this code
unless specifically indicated in this division.
2. Indoor storage of liquid and solid oxidizers, organic peroxides, unstable
(reactive)and water-reactive materials in quantities less than the exempt amounts
shall be as specified in Sections 80.306,80.307,80.309 and 80.310.
(b)Containers and Tanks.1.Design and construction.Containers and tanks
shall be designed and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized
standards.See Section 2.303(b).
2.Tanks out-of-service 90 days.Any stationary tank not used for a period of
90 days shall be properly safeguarded or removed in a manner approved by the
chief. Such tanks shall have the fill line, gauge opening and pump connection
secured against tampering.Vent lines shall be properly maintained.
Tanks which are to be placed back in service shall be tested in a manner
approved by the chief.
3. Defective containers and tanks. Defective containers and tanks shall be
removed from service,repaired,or disposed of in an approved manner.
4.Empty containers and tanks.Empty containers and tanks previously used
for the storage of hazardous materials shall be free from residual material and
vapor as defined by D.O.T.,R.C.R.A.or other regulating authority or maintained
as specified for the storage of the hazardous material.
5.Underground tanks.Underground tanks used for the storage of hazardous
materials shall be located and protected in accordance with Sections 79.601 and
79.603 of this code.Secondary containment shall be provided for all new installa-
tions of underground tanks.
6.Aboveground tanks.Aboveground stationary tanks used for the storage of
hazardous materials shall be located and protected in accordance with the provi-
sions for exterior storage of the particular material involved and shall be marked
as required by Section 80.301 (d).
(c)Piping,Valves and Fittings. Piping,valves,fittings and related compo-
nents appurtenant to or intended for the storage of hazardous materials shall be
designed and fabricated from materials compatible with the material to be con-
tained and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure,
structural and seismic stress and exposure to which they may be subjected.
324
Section 80.109, page 323. , Add a section as follows:
RETAIL DISPLAY
Section 80.109. When in accordance with this section,
i the aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable
or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials permitted within a
single control area of a Group B, Division 2 retail sales
occupancy may exceed the exempt amounts specified in Division
III, Tables Nos. 80.306-A, 80.309-A, 80.310-A, 80.312-A,
80-314-A and 80.315-A. The maximum allowable quantity in
pounds or gallons permitted within a single control area of a
retail sales occupancy shall be the amount derived from the
formula:
ER = ExpxA
WHERE
ER = exempt amount permitted in a single control area of
a retail sales occupancy.
E = . exempt amount specified in Division III exempt
amount tables.
p = density factor from Table No. 80.109.
A = square footage area of the hazardous material retail
display or storage.
The maximum aggregate floor area for hazardous material retail
display or storage over which the density factor may be applied
shall not exceed 1500 square feet per control area.
The area of storage or display shall also comply with the
following requirements: .
1. Display of solids shall not exceed 200 pounds per square
foot .of floor area actually occupied by the solid
merchandise.
2. Display of liquids shall not exceed 200 gallons per
square foot of floor area actually occupied by the
liquid merchandise.
3. Display height shall not exceed 6 feet.
323.1
4. Individual containers less than 5 gallons or less than
25 pounds shall be stored on pallets, racks or shelves.
5. Storage racks and shelves shall be in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301(i).
6. Containers shall be approved for the use intended.
7. Individual containers shall not exceed 100 pounds or
5-gallon capacity.
8. Incompatible materials shall be separated in accordance
with the provisions of.Section 80.301(n).
9. Floors shall be in accordance with the provisions of
Section 80.301(z).
10. Aisles 4 feet in width shall be maintained on three
sides of the display area.
11. Hazard identification signs shall be provided in
accordance with the provisions of Section 80.104(e).
Table No. 80.109, page 323. Add a table as follows:
TABLE NO.80.i09
DENSITY FACTORS FOR EXEMPT AMOUNTS IN RETAIL SALES
HAZARD CATEGORIES1 CLASS DENSITY FACTOR p
Physical Hazards:
Oxidizers;unstable(reactive)materials;
water-reactive materials Class 4 N.P.
Class 3 0.075
Class 2 0.006
Class 1 0.003
Health Hazards:
Highly toxic solids and liquids;corrosives;
other health hazard solids,liquids and gases All 0.0013
NP=Not Permitted
323.2
1988 EDITION 80.301
(d)Signage.In addition to the hazard identification signs required by Section
80.104(e),stationary aboveground tanks shall be placarded with hazard identifi-
cation signs as specified in U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3 for the specific material =_
contained.
Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in storage areas and within 25 feet
of outdoor storage areas.
Signs shall not be obscured or removed.
Signs shall be in English as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this
code.
Signs shall be durable.The size,color and lettering shall be in conformance
with nationally recognized standards.
(e)Security.The storage of hazardous materials shall be safeguarded with such
protective facilities as public safety requires.
(f) Ignition Sources. Smoking shall not be permitted in any room where
hazardous materials are stored nor within 25 feet of outdoor storage areas.
The use of open flames or high-temperature devices in a manner which creates a
hazardous condition shall not be permitted.
EXCEPTION: Energy-consuming equipment listed for use with the hazardous
material stored.
(g) Protection from Light. Materials which are sensitive to light shall be
stored in containers designed to protect them from such exposure.
(h) Shock Padding. Materials which are shock sensitive shall be padded,
suspended or otherwise protected against accidental dislodgement and dislodge-
ment during seismic activity. For seismic requirements and the seismic zone in
which the material is located,see the Building Code.
(i)Shelf Storage.Shelves shall be of substantial construction and adequately
braced. For seismic requirements and the seismic zone in which the material is
located,see the Building Code.
Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard when used for the storage of
individual containers.
EXCEPTION: Storage in hazardous materials storage cabinets or laboratory
furniture specifically designed for such use.
a
Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an orderly manner.
0) Maximum Quantity on Site. The storage of hazardous materials shall
conform to the provisions of the local zoning ordinance. =
(k)Storage Plan.A storage plan shall be provided for all storage facilities.The
plan shall indicate the intended storage arrangement,including the location andCL
= $
dimensions of aisles. -
(1)Spill Control,Drainage and Containment. 1.General.Unless exempted
or otherwise provided for in Sections 80.302 through 80.315,rooms,buildings,or `
areas used for the storage of solid and liquid hazardous materials shall be provided
with a means to control spillage and to contain or drain off spillage and fire
protection water discharged in the storage area.
325
80.301 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
a 2. Spill Control.Floors shall be recessed a minimum of 4 inches or shall be
provided with a liquid-tight raised sill to a minimum height of 4 inches so as to
prevent the flow of liquid to adjoining areas.When liquid-tight sills are provided,
they may be omitted at door openings with the installation of an open-grate trench
which connects to the room drainage system.
3.Drainage.A.The room,building or area shall be provided with a drainage
system to direct the flow of liquids to an approved location,or,when required in
Sections 80.302 through 80.315,the room,building or area shall be designed to
provide secondary containment for the hazardous materials and fire protection
water.
B.A slope to drain not less than one percent shall be provided.
€ C.Drains from the area shall be sized to carry the automatic fire-extinguishing
system design flow rate over the system design area.
D.Materials of construction for the drainage system shall be compatible with
the stored materials.
E.Incompatible materials shall be separated from each other in drain systems.
They may be combined when they have been rendered acceptable by an approved
means for discharge into the public sewer.
F.Flow from the drainage system shall be directed to an approved location.
G.Drainage of spillage and fire protection water may be directed to a neutral-
izer or treatment system which complies with the following:
(i) The system shall be designed to handle the maximum worst case spill from
the single largest container plus the volume of fire protection water from
the system over the minimum'design area for a period of 20 minutes.
(ii) The system shall be designed to overflow from the neutralizer or treatment
system so that liquid leakage and fire protection water is directed to a safe
location away from the building,valves,means of egress,adjoining prop-
erty or fire department access roadway.
_ 4. Containment. When required in Sections 80.302 through 80.315, drains
shall be directed to a containment system or other location designed as secondary
containment for the hazardous materials liquids and fire protection water,or the
building, room or area shall be designed to provide secondary containment of
hazardous material liquids and fire protection water through the use of recessed
floors or liquid-tight raised sills.
s EXCEPTION:The provisions of this subsection may be waived when the chief
or other official charged with the enforcement of this code has determined that such
enforcement is preempted by other codes, statutes or ordinances. See Section
80.101.
Secondary containment shall be designed to retain the spill from the largest
single container plus the design flow rate of the automatic fire-extinguishing
system for the area of the room or area in which the storage is located or the system
design area,whichever is smaller.The containment capacity shall be capable of
containing the flow for a period of 20 minutes.
326
1988 EDITION 80.301
Overflow from the secondary containment system shall be provided to direct
liquid leakage and fire-protection water to a safe location away from the building,
valves,means of egress,fire access roadway,adjoining property or storm drains.
If the storage area is open to rainfall, the secondary containment shall be
designed to accommodate the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as determined by a 25-
year storm.When curbs are used,provisions shall be made for draining accumu-
lations of groundwater or rainwater.
When secondary containment is required, a monitoring method capable of
detecting hazardous material leakage from the primary containment into the
secondary containment shall be provided. Visual inspection of the primary con-
tainment is the preferred method; however, other means of monitoring may be
approved by the chief. Where secondary containment may be subject to the
intrusion of water,a monitoring method for such water shall be provided.When-
ever monitoring devices are provided,they shall be connected to distinct visual €
and/or audible alarms.
(m) Ventilation. Unless exempted or otherwise provided for in Sections
80.302 through 80.315, indoor storage areas and storage buildings shall be
provided with mechanical exhaust ventilation.
EXCEPTION:Where natural ventilation can be shown to be acceptable for the
materials as stored.
Exhaust ventilation systems shall comply with the following:
1. Installation shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Mechanical
Code.
2. Mechanical ventilation shall be at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per
minute per square foot of floor area over the storage area.
3. Systems shall operate continuously.Alternate designs may be approved by
the chief.
4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside the room adjacent to the e
access door into the room or in a location approved by the chief.The switch
shall be of the break-glass type and shall be labeled "Ventilation System
Emergency Shutoff." :
5. Exhaust ventilation shall be arranged to consider the density of the potential
fumes or vapors released. For fumes or vapors that are heavier than air,
exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches of the floor.
6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be arranged to
provide air movement across all portions of the floor or room to prevent the
accumulation of vapors.
7. Exhaust ventilation shall not be recirculated within the room or building if
the materials stored are capable of emitting hazardous vapors.
(n)Separation from Incompatible Hazardous Materials.Storage in excess of
the exempt amounts specified in Sections 80.302 through 80.315 shall either be:
1. Segregated from incompatible hazardous materials storage by a distance of
not less than 20 feet,or
327
80.301 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
2. Isolated from incompatible hazardous materials storage by a noncombusti-
ble partition extending not less than 18 inches above and to the sides of the
stored material,or
3. Stored in hazardous materials storage cabinets or gas cabinets. Materials
which are incompatible shall not be stored within the same cabinet.
(o) Hazardous Materials Storage Cabinets. 1. General. When storage
cabinets are used to comply with the provisions of this article,such cabinets shall
be in accordance with this subsection.
EXCEPTION: Compressed gases shall be stored in cabinets designed in accord-
ance with Section 80.303.
Cabinets shall be conspicuously labeled in red letters on contrasting back-
ground"Hazardous—Keep Fire Away."
2. Construction. Cabinets shall be constructed of metal. The interior of
cabinets shall be treated,coated or constructed of materials that are nonreactive
with the hazardous material stored.Such treatment,coating or construction shall
include the entire interior of the cabinet.Cabinets shall either be listed as suitable
for the intended storage or constructed in accordance with the following:
A. Cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness of not less than 0.043 inch.The
cabinet,including the door,shall be double walled with 1 1/2-inch airspace
between the walls. Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall be tight
fitting. Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and equipped with a self-
latching device.
B. The bottoms of cabinets utilized for the storage of liquids shall be liquid
tight to a minimum height of 2 inches.
(p)Fire-extinguishing Systems. Unless exempted or otherwise provided for
in Sections 80.302 through 80.315, indoor storage areas and storage buildings
shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system.The design of the sprinkler
system shall be not less than that required under U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 for
Ordinary Hazard Group 3 with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet.
Where the materials or storage arrangement require a higher level of sprinkler
system protection in accordance with nationally recognized standards,the higher
level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.
EXCEPTION:Approved alternate automatic fire-extinguishing systems may
be used.
(q)Explosion Venting or Suppression. Unless exempted or otherwise pro-
vided for in Sections 80.302 through 80.315, indoor storage areas and storage
€ buildings shall be provided with explosion venting, equivalent protective de-
vices, suppression systems or barricades. The design shall be by competent
persons and recognize the nature of the stored material and its likely behavior in an
explosion. Areas which are provided with explosion venting shall comply with
the following:
1. Walls, ceilings and roofs exposing another occupancy or use shall be
designed to resist a minimum internal pressure of 100 pounds per square foot.
328
1988 EDITION 80.301
2.Explosion venting shall be only in exterior walls,roofs or through specially
designed shafts to the exterior of the building.
3. Venting shall be designed to prevent serious structural damage and the e
production of lethal projectiles.
4. The aggregate clear vent relief area shall be governed by the pressure
resistance of the nonrelieving portions of the building.
5. Vents shall be designed to relieve at a maximum internal pressure of 20
pounds per square foot and shall consist of any one or any combination of the
following:
A.Walls of lightweight material.
B.Lightly fastened hatch covers.
C.Lightly fastened,outward-opening swinging doors in exterior walls.
D.Lightly fastened walls or roofs.
6.Venting devices shall discharge.directly to the open air or to an unoccupied
space not less than 50 feet in width on the same lot.
7.Relieving devices shall be so located that the discharge end shall be not less
than 10 feet vertically and 20 feet horizontally from window openings or exits in
the same or adjoining buildings or structures.
8.Discharge shall be in the direction of least exposure and not into the interior
of the building.
(r)Electrical Wiring and Equipment.Electrical wiring and equipment shall
be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.
(s)Standby Power.When mechanical ventilation,treatment systems,temper- e
ature control,alarm,detection or other electrically operated systems are required, €
such systems shall be connected to a secondary source of power to automatically
supply electrical power in the event of loss of power from the primary source.See
the Electrical Code.
(t) Limit Controls. Unless exempted or otherwise provided for in Sections
80.302 through 80.315,limit controls shall be provided as follows:
1. Liquid-level limit control. Atmospheric tanks with a capacity exceeding
500 gallons used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids shall be equipped
with a liquid-level limit control to prevent overfilling of the tank.
EXCEPTION:Tanks monitored by a system which will limit net contents by
weight.
2.Temperature control.Materials which must be stored at temperatures other
than normal ambient temperatures to prevent a hazardous reaction shall be stored
in an area provided with a means to maintain the temperature within a safe range.
Redundant temperature control equipment which will operate upon failure of the
primary temperature control system shall be provided.Alternate means to prevent
a hazardous reaction may be provided.
3. Pressure. Stationary tanks used for the storage of hazardous materials
liquids which may generate pressures exceeding the tank design limits due to
exposure fires or internal reaction shall have some form of construction or device
329
80.301-80.302 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
that will relieve excessive internal pressure. Such relief devices shall vent to an
approved location or to an exhaust scrubber or treatment system when specified in
Sections 80.302 through 80.315.
(u)Manual Alarm.A local fire alarm manual pull station or approved emer-
gency signal device shall be installed outside of each interior exit door of storage
buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of the manual alarm shall sound a local
alarm.
(v)Supervision. When manual alarm, emergency signal, detection or auto-
matic fire-extinguishing systems are required in Sections 80.302 through 80.315,
such systems shall be supervised by an approved central,proprietary or remote
station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended
on-site location.
(w)Protection from Vehicles.Guard posts or other means shall be provided to
protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular damage. When guard posts are
installed,the posts shall be:
1. Constructed of steel not less than 4 inches in diameter and concrete filled.
2.,Spaced not more than 4 feet between posts on center.
3. Set not less than 3 feet deep in a concrete footing of not less than 15-inch
diameter.
4. Set with the top of the posts not less than 3 feet above ground;and
5. Located not less than 5 feet from the tank.
(x)Clearance from Combustibles.The area surrounding an exterior storage
area or tank shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a
minimum distance of 30 feet.
(y) Fire Access Roadways and Water Supply. Fire access roadways and
approved water supplies shall be provided for exterior storage areas in accordance
with the following:
1. Fire access roadways.Fire apparatus access roadways shall be provided to
within 150 feet of all portions of an exterior storage area. Such access
roadways shall comply with the provisions of Section 10.107.
2. Water supply.An approved water supply shall be provided.Fire hydrants or
other approved means capable of supplying the required fire flow shall be
provided to within 150 feet of all portions of an exterior storage area.The
water supply and fire hydrants shall comply with the provisions of Section
10.301.
(z)Noncombustible Floor.Except for surfacing,floors of storage areas shall
be of noncombustible construction.
(aa)Professional Engineer.The chief may require design submittals to bear
the stamp of a professional engineer.
Explosives and Blasting Agents
Sec.80.302.Storage of explosives and blasting agents shall be in accordance
330
1988 EDITION 80.302-80.303,80.303-A
with the provisions of Article 77.Storage of fireworks shall be in accordance with
the provisions of Article 78. s
Compressed Gases
Sec.80.303. (a)Indoor Storage. 1. General.Indoor storage of compressed
gases shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 74.In addition,storage
of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with the provi-
sions of Sections 80.303(a)and(c)and the general provisions specified in Section
80.301.
2. Exempt amounts. When the amount of highly toxic or toxic compressed =_
gases stored in one control area exceeds that specified in Table No. 80.303-A,
such storage shall be within a room or building conforming to the Building Code
requirements for a Group H,Division 7 Occupancy.
TABLE NO.80.303-A
COMPRESSED GAS STORAGE
EXEMPT AMOUNTS1 2
EXEMPT AMOUNTS(Cubic Feet at NTP)
CONDITION Highly roxlc Toxic
Unprotected by sprinklers,gas
cabinets or separate rooms 0 0
Within gas cabinets in
unsprinklered building 20 20
In sprinklered building,not in gas
cabinets or separate rooms 0 0
In sprinklered building,within gas
cabinets 40 40 =
INo exempt amounts are permitted in Group R Occupancies or offices or retail sales
portions of Group B Occupancies.
2Except for cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet stored within a gas storage cabinet or fume
hood, no exempt amounts are permitted in Group A, E, I or M Occupancies or in
classrooms of Group B Occupancies.
3. Fire-extinguishing system. In addition to the requirements of Section
80.301(p),the following requirements shall apply:
A. Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures for the storage of cylinders shall be
internally sprinklered.
B. Alternate fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used for either storage
areas,gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures.
4.Explosion venting or suppression.When highly toxic or toxic flammable
gases are stored in rooms outside of gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures, the
storage rooms shall be provided with explosion venting or suppression in accord-
ance with the provisions of Section 80.301 (q).
5. Spill control, drainage and containment. Spill control, drainage and
containment shall not be required for the storage of highly toxic or toxic com-
pressed gases.
331
80.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
6. Exhaust ventilation. A. Ventilated area. Storage of cylinders shall be
within ventilated gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or within a ventilated sepa-
rate gas storage room. Storage of portable and stationary tanks shall be within a 1
separate ventilated room without other occupancy or use. If gas cabinets are
provided, the room or area in which they are located shall have independent
exhaust ventilation.
Exhaust systems for gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and separate gas
storage rooms shall be designed to handle the accidental release of gas. Such
exhaust systems shall be capable of diluting,adsorbing,absorbing,neutralizing,
burning or otherwise processing the entire contents of the largest single tank or
cylinder of gas stored.Systems utilized for such processing shall be designed as a
treatment system. If a total containment system is utilized, the system shall be
designed to handle the maximum anticipated pressure of release to the system
when it reaches equilibrium.
B.Gas cabinets.When gas cabinets are provided they shall be:
e (i) Operated at negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area.
(ii) Provided with self-closing limited access ports or noncombustible win-
dows to give access to equipment controls.The average velocity of ventila-
tion at the face of access ports or windows shall be not less than 200 feet per
minute(fpm)with a minimum of 150 fpm at any point of the access port or
window.
(iii) Connected to a treatment system.
(iv) Provided with self-closing doors.
(v) Constructed of not less than 12-gage steel.
C. Separate gas storage rooms. When separate gas storage rooms are pro-
vided they shall be designed to:
(i) Operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area.
(ii) Direct the exhaust ventilation to a treatment system.
D. Treatment systems. (i) General. Treatment systems shall be utilized to
process all exhaust ventilation to be discharged from gas cabinets, exhausted
enclosures or separate storage rooms. Treatment systems shall be designed to
reduce the maximum allowable discharge concentration of the gas to one-half
IDLH at the point of discharge to the atmosphere as specified in Items(iii)and(iv)
below.When more than one gas is emitted to the treatment system,the treatment
system shall be designed to handle the worst case release based on the release rate,
the quantity and the IDLH for all the gases stored or used.
(ii) Treatment system sizing.Treatment systems shall be sized to process the
maximum worst case release of gas based on the maximum flow rate of
release from the largest cylinder or tank utilized. The entire contents of
tanks and cylinders shall be considered.
(iii) Stationary tanks.Stationary tanks shall be labeled with the maximum rate
of release for the gas contained based on any valves or fittings that are
inserted directly into the tank. If multiple valves or fittings are provided,
332
1988 EDITION 80.303,80.303-B
the maximum flow rate of release for the valve or fitting with the highest
flow rate shall be indicated.If liquefied gases are in contact with any valve
or fitting,the liquid flow rate shall be utilized for purposes of computation.
All flow rates indicated on the label shall be converted to cubic feet per
minute of gas at normal temperature and pressure.
(iv) Portable tanks and cylinders. For portable tanks and cylinders, the
maximum flow rate of release shall be calculated based on assuming the
total release from the cylinder or tank within the time specified in Table No.
80.303-B. When portable tanks or cylinders are equipped with approved
excess flow or reduced flow valves,the worst case release will be deter-
mined by the maximum achievable flow from the valve as determined by
the valve manufacturer or the gas supplier.Reduced flow and excess flow
valves shall be permanently marked by the manufacturer to indicate the
maximum design flow rate.Such markings shall indicate the flow rate for
air under standard conditions.
TABLE NO.80.303-B
RATE OF RELEASE FOR CYLINDERS AND PORTABLE TANKS
CONTAINER NONLIQUEFIED(Minutes) LIQUEFIED(Minutes) o
Cylinders 5 30
Portable Tanks 40 240
7.Emergency power.Emergency power shall be provided in lieu of standby =
power for:
A.Exhaust ventilation,including the power supply for treatment systems.
B.Gas-detection systems.
C.Emergency alarm systems.
D.Temperature-control systems.
8.Limit controls.In addition to the limit controls required in Section 80.301
(t),excess flow control shall be provided for stationary tanks which are piped for
filling or dispensing.
9. Gas detection. A continuous gas-detection system shall be provided to
detect the presence of gas at or below the permissible exposure limit or ceiling
limit.The detection system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to a
constantly attended control station.The alarm shall be both visual and audible and
shall be designed to provide warning both inside and outside of the storage area.
The audible alarm shall be distinct from all other alarms.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Signal transmission to a constantly attended control station
need not be provided when not more than one cylinder is stored.
2.A continous gas-detection system need not be provided for toxic gases when the
physiological warning properties for the gas are at a level below the accepted
permissible exposure limit for the gas.
333
80.303 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
The gas-detection system shall be capable of monitoring the room or area in
which the gas is stored at or below the permissible exposure limit or ceiling limit
and the discharge from the treatment system at or below one-half the IDLH limit.
10. Smoke detection.An approved supervised smoke-detection system shall
be provided in rooms or areas where highly toxic compressed gases are stored
indoors.Activation of the detection systems shall sound a local alarm.
11. Storage conditions. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas
cabinet shall not exceed three.
EXCEPTION:Cabinets containing cylinders not exceeding I pound net con-
tents each shall be limited to a maximum of 100 cylinders.
(b)Exterior Storage. 1. General. Exterior storage of highly toxic or toxic
compressed gases shall be in accordance with the provisions of Sections 80.303
(b)and(c)and the general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2. Distance from storage to exposures. In addition to the provisions of the
Building Code,exterior storage of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall
comply with the following:
A. Distance limitation to exposures.The exterior storage of highly toxic or
toxic compressed gases shall not be within 75 feet of a building,property
line,street,alley,public way or exit to a public way unless the storage is
shielded by a structure having a minimum fire-resistive rating of two hours
and which interrupts the line of sight between the storage and the exposure.
The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet from any exposure. The
protective structure shall have not more than two sides at approximately 90-
degree directions,except that a third diagonal section may be used at the
vertex.
B. Openings in exposure buildings.When the storage area is located closer
than 75 feet to a building,openings into a building other than piping shall
not be above the height of the top of the shielding structure or within 50 feet
horizontally from the storage area whether or not shielded by a protective
structure.
C. Air intakes.The storage area shall not be within 75 feet of air intakes.
3.Canopies.Portable tanks and cylinders stored outside of buildings shall be
stored under a canopy of noncombustible construction.Such storage shall not be
considered indoor storage.
An automatic fire-sprinkler system shall be provided for canopies provided for
the storage of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases.
4.Piping and controls.In addition to the requirements of Section 80.301(c),
a piping and controls on stationary tanks shall be in accordance with the following:
A. Pressure-relief devices shall be vented to a treatment system designed in
accordance with the provisions of Section 80.303(a)6 D.
s B. Where filling or dispensing connections are provided,they shall be provided
with a means of local exhaust. Such exhaust shall be designed to capture
fumes and vapors. The exhaust shall be directed to a treatment system
designed in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.303(a)6 D.
334
1988 EDITION 80.303-80.304
C. Stationary tanks shall be provided with a means of excess flow control on all
tank inlet or outlet connections.
EXCEPTIONS: 1.Inlet connections that are designed to preclude backflow.
2.Pressure-relief devices.
5. Spill control, drainage and containment. Spill control, drainage and
containment shall not be required for the exterior storage of highly toxic or toxic
compressed gases.
(c)Special Provisions.1.Seismic protection.Stationary tanks and associated '_
piping systems shall be seismically braced in accordance with the provisions of _
the Building Code.
2.Security.Storage areas shall be secured against unauthorized entry.
3.Gas cabinets for leaking cylinders.At least one gas cabinet or exhausted -
enclosure shall be provided for the handling of leaking cylinders.The cabinet or
enclosure shall be located as follows:
A.Within or adjacent to exterior storage areas. -
B.Within separate gas storage rooms used for cylinders.
The gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure shall be connected to a treatment system -
as specified in Section 80.303(a)6 D.
EXCEPTION: A cabinet or exhausted enclosure need not be provided for
leaking cylinders if all cylinders are stored within gas cabinets or exhausted enclo-
sures.
4.Local exhaust for leaking portable tanks.A means of local exhaust shall =_
be provided to capture leaks from portable tanks.The local exhaust may consist of
portable ducts or collection systems designed to be applied to the site of a leak in a
valve or fitting on the tank. The local exhaust system shall be connected to a '-
treatment system as specified in Section 80.303(a)6 D.The local exhaust system
shall be provided:
A.Within or immediately adjacent to exterior storage areas. =
B.Within separate gas storage rooms used for portable or stationary tanks.
5. Breathing apparatus. When highly toxic or toxic compressed gases are
stored,a minimum of two self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided. e
The breathing apparatus shall be suitable for use with the material stored and shall
be located near the immediate area of storage in a location that provides safety to
those expected to don the apparatus.A safe area is one which is not likely to be
immediately affected by the release of hazardous material in the area of concern.
When self-contained breathing apparatus would be inadequate protection due
to the nature of the gases present,other appropriate protective equipment shall be
provided.
I
Flammable/Combustible Liquids -
Sec.80.304.Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accord-
ance with the provisions of Article 79.
335
80.305,80.305-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Flammable Solids
e Sec. 80.305. (a)Indoor Storage. 1. General.Indoor storage of flammable
solids shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.305 (a)and the
general provisions specified in Section 80.301. Storage of combustible fibers
shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 28.
€ 2. Exempt amounts. When the amount of flammable solids stored in one
control area exceeds that specified in Table No.80.305-A,such storage.shall be
within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for a
s Group H, Division 3 Occupancy, or a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy when
combustible dusts are stored in piles or within open containers.
TABLE NO.80.305-A
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS—EXEMPT AMOUNTS
CONDITION EXEMPT AMOUNTS(Pounds)
Unprotected by sprinklers or cabinet 125
Within cabinet in unsprinklered building 250
e In sprinklered building,not in cabinet 250
In sprinklered building,within cabinet 500
3. Spill control, drainage and containment. Spill control, drainage and
containment shall not be required for the storage of flammable solids.
4. Explosion venting or suppression. Rooms, buildings or equipment used
for the storage of combustible dusts shall be provided with explosion venting or
suppression in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301(q).
5.Ventilation.Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall not be required.
6. Storage conditions. Flammable solids stored in quantities greater than
1,000 cubic feet shall be separated into piles each not larger than 1,000 cubic feet.
Aisle widths between piles shall be equal to not less than the height of the piles or 4
feet,whichever is greater.
Flammable solids shall not be stored in basements.
(b)Exterior Storage. 1. General.Exterior storage of flammable solids shall
be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.305 (b) and the general
provisions specified in Section 80.301.Storage of combustible fibers shall be in
accordance with the provisions of Article 28.
2.Distance from storage to exposures.Exterior storage of flammable solids
a shall not be within 20 feet of any building,property line,street,alley,public way,
or exit to a public way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not
less than 30 inches above and to the sides of the storage area may be provided in
lieu of such distance.
3. Spill control, drainage and containment. Spill control, drainage and
containment shall not be required for exterior storage of flammable solids.
4.Storage conditions.Exterior storage of flammable solids shall be separated
into piles not larger than 5,000 cubic feet each.Aisle widths between piles shall be
not less than one-half the height of the piles or 10 feet,whichever is greater.
336
1988 EDITION 80.306,80.306-A,80.306-B
Liquid and Solid Oxidizers
Sec. 80.306. (a) Indoor Storage. 1. General. Indoor storage of liquid and
solid oxidizers shall be in accordance with Section 80.306 (a) and the general
provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2.Exempt amounts.When the amount of liquid and solid oxidizers stored in
one control area exceeds that specified in Table No.80.306-A,such storage shall
be within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for
the following occupancies:
Oxidizer Class Occupancy Group
Class 4 H-1
Class 3 H-2
Class 1 and Class 2 H-3 =
Storage in excess of the exempt amounts specified in Table No.80.306-A shall z
comply with Items 3 through 14. Storage not exceeding the exempt amounts
specified in Table No.80.306-A shall comply with Items 12 and 13.
TABLE NO.80.306-A
LIQUID AND SOLID 0XIDIZERS1 2
EXEMPT AMOUNTS
EXEMPT AMOUNT(Pounds) E
CONDITION CL 1 CL 2 CL 3 CL 4
Unprotected by sprinklers or cabinet 1,000 250 10 0 °
Within cabinet in unsprinklered building 2,000 500 20 0
In sprinklered building,not in cabinet 2,000 500 20 1
F,Iftsprinklered building,within cabinet 1 4,000 1,000 40 2
No exempt amounts of Class 3 and Class 4 oxidizers are permitted in Group R Occupancies
or offices or retail sales portions of Group B Occupancies.
2No exempt amounts of Class 3 or 4 oxidizers are permitted in Group A, E, I or M "__
Occupancies or in classrooms of Group B Occupancies unless storage is within a hazard-
ous materials storage cabinet containing no other storage.
"i
3. Detached storage. Storage of liquid and solid oxidizers in quantities in
excess of those specified in Table No. 80.306-B shall either be in a detached
building used for no other purpose or in an exterior storage area.Detached storage
buildings shall be single-story buildings,without basement or crawl space and be
of noncombustible construction.
TABLE NO.80.306-B—REQUIRED DETACHED STORAGE
OF OXIDIZERS
CLASS DETACHED STORAGE REOUIRED WHEN AMOUNT EXCEEDS(Tons) '-
1 No requirement
2 2,000
3 1,200
4 Exempt amount specified in Table No.80.306-A
337
80.306,80.306-C,80.306-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE
4. Distance from detached storage buildings to exposures. In addition to
the provisions of the Building Code,detached storage buildings shall be located in
accordance with Tables Nos.80.306-C and 80.306-D.
TABLE NO.80.306-C—CLASS 1,2 OR 3 OXIDIZERS—SEPARATION
OF DETACHED STORAGE FROM OTHER BUILDINGS,PROPERTY
LINES,STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR EXITS TO A PUBLIC WAY
CLASS MINIMUM DISTANCE(Feet)
1 �
2 35
3 50
'Detached storage of Class I liquid or soid oxidizers not required.
TABLE NO.80.306-D—CLASS 4 OXIDIZERS—SEPARATION OF
DETACHED STORAGE FROM OTHER BUILDINGS,PROPERTY
LINES,STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR EXITS TO A PUBLIC WAY
WEIGHT(Pounds) MINIMUM DISTANCE(Feet)
Over 10 to 100 75
101 to 500 100
501 to 1,000 125
1,001 to3,000 200
3,001 to 5,000 300
5,001 to 10,000 400
Over 10,000 As determined by the chief
5. Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301 (z),
€ floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction.
6.Insulated roof.Roofs of storage areas shall be of lightweight construction
and suitably insulated.
7. Smoke and heat venting. Storage areas shall be provided with means to
e vent smoke and heat in a fire or other emergency in accordance with the provisions
of the Building Code.
8.Explosion venting or suppression.Explosion venting or suppression shall
not be required in storage areas for Class 1 and Class 2 oxidizers.
9. Containment. Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance
with the provisions of Section 80.301 (1)4.
10. Standby power. Standby power shall not be required_ for the storage of
Class 1 and Class 2 oxidizers.
11. Detection. An approved supervised smoke-detection system shall be in-
stalled in all liquid and solid oxidizer storage areas. Activation of the detection
systems shall sound a local alarm.
EXCEPTION:A smoke-detection system need not be provided in detached
storage buildings with an automatic fire-extinguishing system.
338
Section 80.306(a)l, page 337. Add an exception as follows:
EXCEPTION: For retail display of nonflammable solid and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid Class 1, Class 2, and
Class 3 oxidizers, see Section 80.109.
Table No. 80-306-A, page 337. Revise the footnotes as
follows:
1No exempt amounts of Class 4 oxidizers are permitted in
Group R Occupancies, offices or retail sales portions of Group
B Occupancies.
2No exempt amounts of Class 4 oxidizers are permitted in
Group A, E, I or M Occupancies, or in classrooms of Group B
Occupancies unless storage in within a hazardous material
storage cabinet containing no other storage.
3A maximum quantity of 200 pounds of solid or 20 gallons
of liquid Class 3 oxidizers may be permitted in Groups I, M and
R Occupancies when such materials are necessary for maintenance
purposes or operation of equipment. The oxidizers shall be
stored in approved containers and in a manner approved by the
chief.
337.1
1988 EDITION 80.306,80.306-E,80.306-F
12. Storage conditions. The maximum quantities per building in detached
storage buildings shall not exceed that specified in Tables Nos.80.306-E through
80.306-H.
The storage arrangement for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be as specified in
'Tables Nos. 80.306-E through 80.306-H.
Class 2 oxidizers shall not be stored in basements except when storage is in
stationary tanks. Class 3 and Class 4 oxidizers in excess of the exempt amounts
specified in Table No.80.306-A shall be stored on the ground floor only.
TABLE NO.80.306-E—STORAGE OF CLASS 1 OXIDIZERS
IN COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERS' '-
CONDITION PILE LIMITS
Piles
Length(feet) No limit
Width(feet) 50
Height(feet) 20
Distance to next pile(feet) 3
Distance to walls(feet) 2
Maximum quantity per building No limit
!Storage in noncombustible containers or in bulk in detached storage buildings is not limited
as to quantity or arrangement.
TABLE NO.80.306-F—STORAGE OF CLASS 2 OXIDIZERS
IN COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERS' 2 3
SEGREGATED -
CONDITION AS CUTOFF DETACHED '-
Piles
Height(feet) 10 12 12
Distance to next pile(feet) — 2 2
Distance to walls(feet) 2 2 2 =_
Maximum quantity per pile =
(tons) 20 50 200
Maximum quantity per 200 500 No
building(tons) limit
'Storage in noncombustible containers is not limited as to quantity or arrangement,except
that piles shall be at least 2 feet from walls in nonsprinklered buildings and 4 feet from
walls in sprinklered buildings;distance between piles shall be not less than the pile height.
2Aisle width shall be not less than the pile height.
3Qutity limits shall be reduced by 50 percent in buildings or portions of buildings used for =
retail sales. _
339
80.306-G,80.306-H,80.306 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.80.306-G—STORAGE OF CLASS 3 OXIDIZERS
IN CONTAINERS' 2
`- CONDITION SEGREGATED CUTOFF DETACHED
Piles
Height(feet) 8 10 10
Distance to next pile(feet) 3 3 3
Distance to walls(feet) 4 4 4
e Maximum quantity per pile
(tons) 20 30 150
Maximum quantity per
building(tons) 100 300 No limit
'Except in buildings used for retail sales,quantity limits per pile and per building may be
doubled where Class 3 oxidizers are in noncombustible containers.
zQuantity limits per pile and per building shall be reduced by 50 percent in buildings or
€ portions of buildings used for retail sales.
3Aisle width shall equal pile height.
TABLE NO.80.306-H—STORAGE OF CLASS 4 OXIDIZERS
IN DRUMS,CONTAINERS,CASES
CONDITION MAXIMUM FEET
Piles
Length 10
Width 4
Height 8
Distance to next pile 8
Maximum quantity per building No limit
13.Separation.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301(n),Class 3 and
Class 4 oxidizers shall be separated from other hazardous materials by not less
than one-hour fire-resistive construction or stored in hazardous materials storage
cabinets.
Detached storage buildings for Class 4 oxidizers shall be located a minimum of
50 feet from all other hazardous materials storage.
14. Contamination. Oxidizers shall not be stored on or against combustible
surfaces.During storage,care shall be taken to prevent contamination.
(b)Exterior Storage. 1.General.Exterior storage of liquid and solid oxidiz-
ers shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.306 (b) and the
general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2. Distance from storage to exposures. Storage areas for oxidizers shall be
located in accordance with Tables Nos.80.306-C and 80.306-D.
3.Storage conditions.A.Maximum quantities.The maximum quantities of
Class 4 oxidizers shall be as specified in Table No.80.306-D.
B.Storage Arrangement.Storage arrangement shall be as specified in Tables
Nos. 80.306-E through 80.306-H.
340
1988 EDITION 80.307,80.307-A
Organic Peroxides
Sec. 80.307. (a) Indoor Storage. 1. General. Indoor storage of organic
peroxides shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.307(a)and the
general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
EXCEPTION:Unclassified detonatable organic peroxides that are capable of =_
detonation in their normal shipping containers under conditions of fire exposure
shall be stored in accordance with the requirements of Article 77 for high explosives.
2. Exempt amounts. When the amount of organic peroxides stored in one
control area exceeds that specified in Table No.80.307-A,such storage shall be
within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for the
following occupancies:
Organic Peroxide Class Occupancy Group
Unclassified detonatable H-1
I H-2
II,III,IV H-3
V' B-2 '-
'Class V peroxides are not considered to be physical hazards.
Storage exceeding the exempt amounts specified in Table No. 80.307-A shall
comply with Items 3 through 15. Storage not exceeding the exempt amounts
specified in Table No.80.307-A shall comply with Items 14 and 15.
TABLE NO.80.307-A '-
ORGANIC PEROXIDE STORAGE EXEMPT AMOUNTS1 P '-
EXEMPT AMOUNT(Pounds)
CONDITION UD CL 1 CL 2 CL 3 CI-4
Unprotected by sprinklers or cabinet 0 5 50 125 500
Within cabinet in unsprinklered building 0 10 100 250 1,000
In sprinklered building,not in cabinet 1 10 100 250 1,000
In sprinklered building,within cabinet 2 20 200 500 2,000
UD—Unclassified detonatable '-
'No exempt amounts of unclassified detonatable or Class I organic peroxides are permitted
in Group R Occupancies or offices or retail sales portions of Group B Occupancies.
2No exempt amounts of unclassified detonatable or Class I organic peroxides are permitted
in Group A,E,I or M Occupancies or in classrooms of Group B Occupancies unless e
storage is within a hazardous material storage cabinet containing no other storage.
341
80.307,80.307-B,80.307-C,80.307-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3. Detached storage. Storage of organic peroxides in quantities exceeding
those specified in Table No.80.307-B shall be in a detached building used for no
other purpose or in an exterior storage area.Detached storage buildings shall be
single-story buildings,without basement or crawl space and of noncombustible
construction.
TABLE NO.80.307-B—REQUIRED DETACHED STORAGE
OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES
a CLASS DETACHED STORAGE REQUIRED WHEN AMOUNT EXCEEDS(Tons)
UDI See Article 77
r. I Exempt amount specified in Table No.80.307-A
i
II 25
III 50
IV and V No requirement
'Unclassified detonatable
4. Distance from detached storage buildings to exposures. In addition to
the provisions of the Building Code,detached storage buildings shall be located in
accordance with Tables Nos. 80.307-C and 80.307-D.
TABLE NO.80.307-C—SEPARATION OF DETACHED STORAGE
a FROM OTHER BUILDINGS,PROPERTY LINES,STREETS,ALLEYS,
PUBLIC WAYS OR EXITS TO A PUBLIC WAY
MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTITY(Pounds)
AT MINIMUM SEPARATION
CLASS s0 Feet 100 Feet 150 Feet
I 2,000 20,000 175,000
II 100,000 200,000 Unlimited
III 200,000 Unlimited Unlimited
IV Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited
e
TABLE NO.80.307-D—SEPARATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL
DETACHED STORAGE BUILDINGS OR AREAS
'- MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTITY(Pounds)
_ AT MINIMUM SEPARATION
CLASS 20 Feet 75 Feet 100 Feet
I 1,000 4,000 10,000
2,000 20,000 175,000
11,III,IV
When the amount of organic peroxide stored does not exceed the amount indicated in Table
No.80.307-C,minimum separation shall be 20 feet;when the amount of organic peroxide
stored exceeds the amount indicated in Table No.80.307-C,minimum separation shall be
50 feet.
342
1988 EDITION 80.307
5. Liquid-tight floor.In addition to the requirements of Section 80.301 (z),
floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction.
6.Insulated roof.Roofs of detached storage buildings shall be of lightweight
construction and suitably insulated.
7.Smoke and heat venting.Storage areas shall be provided with a means to
vent smoke and heat in a fire or other emergency in accordance with the provisions
of the Building Code.
8.Explosion venting or suppression.Explosion venting or suppression shall
not be required for storage areas for Class II, Class III, Class IV and Class V
organic peroxides.
9. Containment. Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance
with the provisions of Section 80.301(1)4.
10. Standby power. Standby power shall not be required for the storage of
Class III,IV or V organic peroxides.
11. Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to the requirements of
Section 80.301(r),electrical wiring and equipment in storage areas for Class I or
II organic peroxides shall comply with the requirements for Class I, Division 2 a
locations. '-
12. Limit controls. Liquid-level limit controls need not be provided for
atmospheric tanks used for storage of Class II,III,IV or V organic peroxides.
13.Detection.An approved supervised smoke-detection system shall be pro-
vided in rooms or areas where Class I or II organic peroxides are stored,and where
Class III or IV organic peroxides are stored in quantities exceeding the exempt =
amounts specified in Table No.80.307-A.Activation of the detection system shall
sound a local alarm.
EXCEPTION:A smoke-detection system need not be provided in detached
storage buildings provided with an automatic fire-extinguishing system.
14. Storage conditions. A. Maximum quantities. Maximum quantity per
building in a mixed-occupancy building shall not exceed the amounts specified in _'-
Table No. 80.307-B. Maximum quantity per building in a detached storage
building shall not exceed the amounts specified in Tables Nos. 80.307-C and
80.307-D.
B.Storage arrangement.Storage arrangement for organic peroxides shall be
as specified in Tables Nos.80.307-E through 80.307-G and shall comply with the €
following:
(i) Containers and packages in storage areas shall be closed.
(ii) Bulk storage shall not be in piles or bins.
(iii) A minimum 2-foot clear space shall be maintained between storage and '-
uninsulated metal walls.
(iv) Fifty-five-gallon drums shall not be stored more than one container high.
343
80.307-E,80.307-F,80.307-G UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.80.307-E—STORAGE OF CLASS 1
ORGANIC PEROXIDIES
CONDITION LIMITS
Piles
Width(feet) 6
Height(feet) 8
Distance to next pile(feet) 4'
Distance to walls(feet) 42
Maximum quantity per building 3
'At least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet shall divide the storage area.
zDistance to noncombustible walls may be reduced to 2 feet.
3See Tables Nos.80.307-B and 80.307-C for maximum quantities.
TABLE NO.80.307-F—STORAGE OF CLASS II AND CLASS III
ORGANIC PEROXIDES
CONDITION LIMITS
Piles
Width(feet) 10
Height(feet) 8
Distance to next pile(feet) 4
Distance to walls(feet) 4'
Maximum quantity per building z
'At least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet shall divide the storage area.
zDistance to noncombustible walls may be reduced to 2 feet.
3See Tables Nos.80.307-B,80.307-C and 80.307-D for maximum quantities.
TABLE NO.80.307-G—STORAGE OF CLASS IV
ORGANIC PEROXIDES
CONDITION LIMITS
Piles
Width(feet) 16
Height(feet) 10
€ Distance to next pile(feet)' 31,2
Distance to combustible walls(feet) 2
Maximum quantity per building 3
'At least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet shall divide the storage area.
zDistance shall be not less than one-half the pile height.
3See Tables Nos.80.307-13 and 80.307-C for maximum quantities.
344
1988 EDITION ' 80.307-80.308
C.Location in building.The storage of Class I or II organic peroxides shall be
on the ground floor only. Class III organic peroxides shall not be stored in
basements.
a
15. Contamination. Organic peroxides shall be stored in their original ship-
ping containers(DOT containers).During storage,care shall be taken to prevent
contamination.
(b)Exterior Storage. 1.General.Exterior storage of organic peroxides shall
be in accordance with Section 80.307(b)and the general provisions specified in
Section 80.301.
EXCEPTION: Unclassified detonatable organic peroxides that are capable of =_
detonation in their normal shipping containers under fire conditions shall be stored in i
accordance with the requirements of Article 77 for high explosives.
2.Distance from storage to exposures. Storage areas for organic peroxides
shall be located in accordance with Tables Nos.80.307-C and 80.307-D.
3. Fire-extinguishing system. Automatic fire-sprinkler system protection
shall be provided when required for weight or distance by Tables Nos. 80.307-C
and 80.307-D.
4. Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to the requirements of
Section 80.301 (r), electrical wiring and equipment in exterior storage areas
containing Class I,II or III organic peroxides shall comply with the requirements
for Class I,Division 2 locations. a
5. Limit controls. Liquid-level limit controls shall not be required for atmo-
spheric tanks used for the storage of Class II,III,IV or V organic peroxides.
6. Storage conditions. A. Maximum quantities. Maximum quantities of
organic peroxides shall be as specified in Tables Nos.80-307-C and 80.307-D.
B.Storage arrangement.Storage arrangment shall be as specified in Tables
Nos.80.307-E,80.307-F and 80.307-G.
7. Separation. In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301 (n), storage
areas for organic peroxides exceeding the amounts specified in Table No.80.307-
B shall be located a minimum distance of 50 feet from other hazardous material
storage.
Pyrophoric Materials
Sec. 80.308. (a)Indoor Storage. 1. General. Indoor storage of pyrophoric
solids, liquids and gases shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section
80.308(a)and the general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2. Exempt amounts. When the amount of pyrophoric material stored in one
control area exceeds that specified in Table No.80.308-A,such storage shall be
within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for a
Group H,Division 2 Occupancy for gases and a Group H,Division 3 Occupancy
for solids and liquids.
345
80.308-A,80.308 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.80.308-A
PYROPHORIC MATERIALS EXEMPT AMOUNTS
'- EXEMPTAMOUNTI
Solids and Liquids Gases
CONDITION (Pounds) (Cubic Ft.)
Unprotected by sprinklers or storage cabinets 0 0
Within storage cabinet in unsprinklered building 0 0
In sprinklered building,not in storage cabinet 4 50
In sprinklered building,in storage cabinet 8 100
'For pyrophoric liquids,a conversion of 10 pounds per gallon shall be used.
3.1�pe of construction.In addition to the requirements of the Building Code
for Group H, Division 2 and 3 Occupancies, buildings used for the storage of
pyrophoric materials shall be of noncombustible construction.
4.Liquid-tight floor.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301(z),floors
of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction.
5.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided for storage rooms
and buildings containing pyrophoric liquids in accordance with the provisions of
€ Section 80.301(1)4.
6. Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to the requirements of
Section 80.301 (r), electrical wiring and equipment in storage areas for
pyrophoric gases and liquids shall comply with the requirements for Class I,
Division 2 locations.
7.Storage conditions.Palletized storage of pyrophoric liquids and solids shall
be limited to a maximum size of 10 feet by 10 feet by 5 feet high. Individual
containers shall not be stacked.
€ Aisles between storage piles shall be a minimum of 10 feet in width.
Tanks or containers inside buildings shall not be larger than 500 gallons.
8. Separation. In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301 (n), indoor
storage of pyrophoric solids,liquids and gases shall be isolated from incompatible
€ hazardous materials by one-hour fire-resistive noncombustible walls with open-
ings protected in accordance with Building Code Section 3305(h).
EXCEPTION: Storage in approved hazardous materials storage cabinets built in
accordance with the provisions'of Section 80.301(o).
(b) Exterior Storage. 1. General. Exterior storage of pyrophoric solids,
liquids and gases shall be in accordance with Section 80.308(b)and the general
provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2.Distance from storage to exposures.The separation of pyrophoric solids,
liquids and gases from buildings,property lines, streets, alleys,public ways or
exits to a public way shall be twice the separation required by Article 79 for Class
I-B flammable liquids.
3. Containment. Secondary containment shall be provided for pyrophoric
liquids in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301(1)4.
346
1988 EDITION 80.308-80.309,80.309-A
4. Storage.conditions. Quantities, arrangement and spacing for pyrophoric
liquids and solids in tanks,portable tanks,and containers shall be in accordance
with Article 79 for Class I-B flammable liquids.
5.Separation.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301 (n),separation
of pyrophoric liquids and solids from other hazardous materials shall be in
accordance with Article 79 for Class I-B flammable liquids.
WEND; (Reactive)Materials
Sec. 80.309. (a) Indoor Storage. 1. General. Indoor storage of unstable =_
(reactive)materials shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.309
(a)and the general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
EXCEPTION: Detonatable unstable(reactive)materials shall be stored in ac-
cordance with Article 77.
2.Exempt amounts.When the amount of unstable(reactive)material stored in
one control area exceeds that specified in Table No.80.309-A,such storage shall
be within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for a
Group H, Division 1 Occupancy for detonatable Class 3 and Class 4 materials,
Group H,Division 2 Occupancy for nondetonatable Class 3 materials,and Group
H,Division 3 Occupancy for Class 2 and Class 1 materials.
Storage exceeding the exempt amounts specified in Table No. 80.309-A shall
comply with Items 3 through 9 of this subsection. Storage not exceeding the
exempt amounts specified in Table No.80.309-A shall comply with Item 9.
TABLE NO.80.309-A
UNSTABLE(REACTIVE)MATERIALS EXEMPT AMOUNTS
EXEMPTAMOUNT
SOLIDS AND LIOUIDS GASES
(Pounds)1 (Cubic Feet)
CONDITION Class 1 Class 2 Class 32 Class 42 Class 1 Class 2 Iclass 32 Pass 42
Unprotected by _
sprinklers or storage
cabinets 125 50 5 0 750 250 50 0
Within storage cabinet
in unsprinklered
building 250 100 10 0 1,500 500 100 0
In sprinklered
building,not in =
storage cabinet 250 100 10 1 1,500 500 100 10
In sprinklered. '-
building,in storage
z
cabinet 500 200 20 2 3,000 1,000 200 20 -
'For unstable(reactive)materials,a conversion of 10 pounds per gallon shall be used. _
2No exempt amounts of Class 3 or 4 materials are permitted in Group R Occupanies or
offices or retail sales portions of Group B Occupancies.
No exempt amounts of Class 3 or 4 materials are permitted in Group A,E,I or M
Occupancies or in classrooms of Group B Occupancies unless storage is within a
hazardous materials storage cabinet containing no other storage.
347
80.309,80.309-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3. Type of construction. In addition to the provisions of the Building Code,
buildings or rooms used for the storage of Class 3 or 4 materials shall be of
noncombustible construction.
4.Detached storage.Detached storage shall be provided when the amount of
materials stored exceeds that specified in Table No.80.309-B.Detached storage
buildings shall be single-story buildings,without basement or crawl space.
TABLE NO.80.309-B—REQUIRED DETACHED STORAGE
OF UNSTABLE(REACTIVE)MATERIALS
DETACHED STORAGE REQUIRED WHEN AMOUNT EXCEEDS:
CLASS Solids and Liquids(Pounds) Gases(Cubic Feet)
s 4 Exempt amount specified in Table No.80.309-A
3 2,000 2,000
2 50,000 10,000
5.Liquid-tight floor.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301(z),floors
of storage areas for liquids and solids shall be of liquid-tight construction.
6.Insulated roof.Roofs of storage rooms and buildings shall be of lightweight
construction and suitably insulated.
7. Heat and smoke venting.Storage areas shall be provided with a means to
vent smoke and heat in a fire or other emergency in accordance with the provisions
of the Building Code.
8.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301(1)4.
9. Storage conditions. Unstable (reactive) materials stored in quantities
greater than 500 cubic feet shall be separated into piles each not larger than 500
cubic feet.Aisle width shall be equal to not less than the height of the piles or 4
feet,whichever is greater.
EXCEPTION: Materials stored in tanks.
Unstable(reactive)materials shall not be stored in basements.
(b) Exterior Storage. 1. General. Exterior storage of unstable (reactive)
materials shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.309(b)and the
general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2.Distance from storage to exposures.Exterior storage of unstable(reactive)
's materials shall not be permitted within 20 feet of any building, property line;
street, alley, public way or exit to a public way. An unpierced two-hour fire-
resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches above and to the sides of the
storage may be provided in lieu of such distance.
EXCEPTION: Unstable(reactive)material which may deflagrate shall not be
within 75 feet of any building,property line,street,alley,public way or exit to a
public way.
3.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301 (1)4.
348
Section 80.309(a), page 347. Revise the exceptions as follows:
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Detonatable, unstable (reactive) materials
shall be stored in accordance with Article 77.
2. For retail display of nonflammable solid and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid unstable
(reactive) materials, see Section 80.109.
347.1
1988 EDITION 80.309-80.310,80.310-A
4. Storage conditions. Class 3 or 4 materials shall be limited to piles not
greater than 100 cubic feet. €
Class 1 or 2 materials shall be limited to piles not greater than 1,000 cubic feet.
Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile
or 10 feet,whichever is greater.
Water-reactive Materials
ec.80.310.(a)Indoor Storage.1.General.Indoor storage of water-reactive
materials shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.310(a)and the a
general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2.Exempt amounts.When the amount of water-reactive material stored in one
control area exceeds that specified in Table No. 80.310-A,such storage shall be
within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for a
Group H,Division 3 Occupancy.
Storage exceeding the exempt amounts specified in Table No. 80.310-A shall
comply with Items 2 through 10. Storage not exceeding the exempt amounts
specified in Table No.80.310-A shall comply with Item 10.
TABLE NO.80.310-A '-
WATER-REACTIVES EXEMPT AMOUNTS'
CONDITION Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 42 -
Unprotected by sprinklers or cabinet 125 50 5 —
Within cabinet in unsprinklered building 250 100 10 —
In sprinklered building,not in cabinet NL 100 10 —
In sprinklered building,within cabinet NL 200 20 —
NLr-Not Limited
'For water-reactive materials,a conversion of 10 pounds per gallon shall be used.
rThe U.F.C.Standard No.79-3 classification system does not currently provide for Class
4 water-reactive materials. e
3. Type of construction. In addition to the provisions of the Building Code,
buildings or rooms used for the storage of water-reactive materials shall be of
noncombustible construction.
4. Detached storage. Detached storage shall be provided when the amount
stored exceeds 2,000 pounds of Class 3 or 50,000 pounds of Class 2 material. a
Detached storage buildings shall be single-story buildings without basement or
crawl space.
5.Liquid-tight floor.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301(z),floors
of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction.
6. Waterproof room. Rooms or areas used for the storage of water-reactive
materials shall be constructed so as to resist the penetration of water through the
349
80.310-80.311 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
use of waterproof materials. Piping carrying water for other than approved
automatic fire-sprinkler systems shall not be within such rooms or areas.
7. Smoke and heat venting.Storage areas shall be provided with a means to
vent smoke and heat in a fire or other emergency in accordance with the provisions
of the Building Code.
8. Fire-extinguishing systems. When Class 3 materials are stored in areas
F protected by an automatic fire-sprinkler system,the materials shall be stored in
closed watertight containers.
9.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301 (1)4.
10. Storage conditions. Water-reactive materials stored in quantities greater
than 500 cubic feet shall be separated into piles each not larger than 500 cubic feet.
Aisle widths between piles shall be equal to not less than the height of the pile or 4
feet,whichever is greater.
EXCEPTION:Water-reactive materials stored in tanks.
Class 2 water-reactive materials shall not be stored in basements of buildings
unless such materials are stored in closed watertight containers or tanks.
Class 3 water-reactive materials shall not be stored in basements.
(b)Exterior Storage. 1.General.Exterior storage of water-reactive materials
shall be within tanks or closed watertight containers and shall be in accordance
with the provisions of Section 80.310(b)and the general provisions specified in
Section 80.301.
2. Distance from storage to exposures. Exterior storage of water-reactive
materials shall not be permitted within 20 feet of any building, property line,
street, alley, public way or exit to a public way. An unpierced two-hour fire-
resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches above and to the sides of the
storage area may be provided in lieu of such distance.
EXCEPTION: Class 3 water-reactive materials shall not be permitted within 75
feet of any building,property line,street,alley,public way or exit to a public way.
3.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301(1)4.
4.Storage conditions.Class 3 water-reactive materials shall be limited to piles
not greater than 100 cubic feet:
Class 1 or 2 water-reactive materials shall be limited to piles not greater than
1,000 cubic feet.
Aisles widths between piles shall be not less than one-half the height of the pile
or 10 feet,whichever is greater.
Cryogenic Fluids
Sec.80.311. (a)General. Storage of cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance
with the provisions of Article 75.
(b) Indoor Storage. Cryogenic fluids in individual cylinders, containers or
tanks which exceed a water capacity of 1,000 pounds shall not be stored inside of
buildings.
350
Section 80.310(a)l, page 349. Add an exception as follows:
EXCEPTION: For retail display of nonflammable solid and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid water-reactive materials,
see Section 80.109.
349.1
1988 EDITION 80.312,80.312-A
ET
\II ighly Toxic Solids and Liquids
Sec.80.312.(a)Indoor Storage. 1. General.Indoor storage of highly toxic 5
solids and liquids shall be in accordance with the provisions specified in Subsec-
tions 80.312(a)and(c)and Section 80.301.
2.Exempt amounts.When the amount of highly toxic solids or liquids stored
in one control area exceeds that specified in Table No. 80.312-A, such storage '-
shall be within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements
for a Group H,Division 7 Occupancy.
TABLE NO.80.312-A
HIGHLY TOXIC SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS EXEMPT AMOUNTS'
CONDITION EXEMPT AMOUNT(Pounds)
Unprotected by sprinklers or cabinet I
Within cabinet in unsprinklered building 2
In sprinklered building,not in cabinet 2
In sprinklered building,within cabinet 4
'For highly toxic liquids,a conversion of 10 pounds per gallon shall be used.
3. Type of construction.In addition to the provisions of the Building Code,
storage of highly toxic solids and liquids shall be in buildings or rooms of
noncombustible construction or stored in hazardous material storage cabinets.
4. Liquid-tight floors. In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301 (z),
floors of storage rooms shall be of liquid-tight construction.
5.Explosion venting or suppression.Explosion venting or suppression shall
not be required for the indoor storage of highly toxic solids or liquids.
6.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301(1)4.
7.Exhaust scrubber.Exhaust scrubbers or other systems for the processing of
highly toxic liquid vapors shall be provided for storage areas where a spill or other
accidental release of such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors.
Exhaust scrubbers and other processing systems shall be installed in accordance
with the Mechanical Code.Emission control shall conform to the requirements of
the local air quality authority.
8.Separation.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301 (n),storage of
highly toxic liquids and solids shall be isolated from other hazardous materials by
one-hour fire-resistive construction or stored in approved hazardous material
storage cabinets.
(b)Exterior Storage. 1. General.Exterior storage of highly toxic solids and
liquids shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.312(b)and(c)
and the general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
351
80.312-80.313 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
2.Distance from storage to exposures.Exterior storage of highly toxic solids
and liquids shall not be permitted within 20 feet of any building,property line,
street, alley, public way or exit to a public way. An unpierced two-hour fire-
resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches above and to the sides of the I
storage area may be provided in lieu of such distance.
3. Fire-extinguishing systems. Exterior storage of highly toxic solids and
liquids shall be in fire-resistive containers or shall comply with one of the
following:
A.The storage area shall be protected by an automatic,open head,deluge fire-
sprinkler system of the type and density specified in U.B.C.Standard No.38-1,
or
B. Storage shall be located under a canopy of noncombustible construction,
with the canopied area protected by an automatic fire-sprinkler system of the type
and density specified in U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1. Such storage shall not be
considered indoor storage.
4.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301(1)4.
5.Storage conditions.Exterior storage piles of highly toxic solids and liquids
shall be separated into piles each not larger than 2,500 cubic feet. Aisle widths
between piles shall be not less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet,
whichever is greater.
The storage of highly toxic liquids which liberate highly toxic vapors in the
event of a spill or other accidental discharge shall not be permitted outside of a
building unless effective collection and treatment systems are provided. The
treatment system shall comply with the provisions of the Mechanical Code.
(c)Breathing Apparatus. Where highly toxic solids or liquids are stored, a
minimum of two self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided. The
breathing apparatus shall be suitable for use with the materials stored and shall be
located near the immediate area of storage in a location that provides safety to
€ those expected to don the apparatus.A safe area is one which is not likely to be
immediately affected by the release of hazardous vapors in the area of concern.
EXCEPTION: Storage areas or buildings where storage is continually limited to
materials which can be demonstrated to present no respiratory dangers.
F Radioactive Materials
Sec. 80.313. (a)Indoor Storage. 1. General. Indoor storage of radioactive
materials shall be in accordance with the provisions of Sections 80.313(a)and(b)
and the general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2.Exempt amounts. When the amount of radioactive material stored in one
control area exceeds that specified in Table No.80.313-A,such storage shall be
within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for a
Group H,Division 7 Occupancy.
352
Section 80.312(a)l, page 351. Add an exception as follows:
EXCEPTION: For retail display of nonflammable solid and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid highly toxic materials,
see Section 80.109.
351.1
1988 EDITION 80.313-A,80.313
TABLE NO.80.313-A
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS—EXEMPT AMOUNTS
CONDITION EXEMPT AMOUNT
Any storage condition 1.Less than the permit amount
(See Section 4.101,No.40.)
2.Licensed,sealed sources for
instruments,calibration devices
and equipment.
3.Liquid-tight floor.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301(z),floors
of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction.
4.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301 (1)4.
5. Detection. Areas used for the storage of radioactive materials shall be
provided with detection equipment suitable for determining surface level contam-
ination at levels that would present a short term hazard condition.Such detection
equipment shall be permitted to be maintained at a location other than the storage
area but shall be on the premises.
6. Storage conditions. The maximum quantity and storage arrangement of
radioactive materials to be stored in buildings or rooms designed for such pur-
poses shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission and state or local requirements.
Storage of contaminated combustible materials shall be in tightly closed non-
combustible containers containing no other waste.Special attention shall be given
to prompt disposal of combustible wastes contaminated with oxidizing materials
that are subject to spontaneous heating.
(b)Exterior Storage. 1. General. Exterior storage of radioactive materials
shall be in accordance with the provisions of Sections 80.313(b)and(c)and the
general provisions specified in Section 80.301. a
2.Distance from storage to exposures.Exterior storage shall not be within 20 a
feet of any property line, street, alley, public way or exit to a public way. An
unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches above and
to the sides of the storage area may be provided in lieu of such distance.
Exterior storage shall not be within 20 feet of any building unless the building
exterior walls are not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction.Storage is not
permitted less than 10 feet from any building opening. Building openings less
than 20 feet from exterior storage shall be protected by a fire assembly having a
three-fourths-hour fire-resistive rating.
3.Fire-extinguishing systems.Exterior storage of radioactive materials shall
be in fire-resistive containers or shall comply with one of the following:
A.The storage area shall be protected by an automatic,open head,deluge fire-
sprinkler system of the type and density specified in U.B.C.Standard No.38-1,
or
353
86.313-80.314,80.314-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
B. Storage shall be located under a•canopy of noncombustible construction,
with the canopied area protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing
system..Such storage shall not be considered to be indoor storage.
4.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
the provisions of Section 80.301(1)4.
5. Storage conditions.Storage shall be arranged in accordance with Nuclear
Regulatory Commission,state and local requirements.
(c)Breathing Apparatus.Where radioactive materials are stored,a minimum
of two self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided.The breathing appa-
ratus shall be suitable for use with the material stored and shall be located near the
immediate area of storage in a location that provides safety to those expected to
don the apparatus.A safe area is one which is not likely to be immediately affected
by the release of the hazardous material in the area of concern.
Corrosives
AM!Nt),Sec. 80.314. (a) Indoor Storage. 1. General. Indoor storage of corrosive
materials shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.314(a)and the
general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2. Exempt amounts. When the amount of corrosive materials stored in one
control area exceeds that specified in Table No.80.314-A,such storage shall be
within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for a
Group H,Division 7 Occupancy.
TABLE NO.80.314-A
CORROSIVES EXEMPT AMOUNTS
EXEMPT AMOUNT
CONDITION Pounds �I Ids Gas
(Pounds) (Gallons) (Cubic Feet)
Unprotected by sprinklers or cabinet 5,000 500 650
Within cabinet in unsprinklered building 10,000 1,000 1,300
In sprinklered building,not in cabinet 10,000 1,000 1,300
In sprinklered building,within cabinet 20,000 2,000 2,600
3.Liquid-tight floor.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301(z),floors
in storage areas for corrosive liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.
4.Explosion venting or suppression.Explosion venting or suppression shall
not be required for the indoor storage of corrosive materials.
5.Containment.Secondary containment shall be provided for the storage of
corrosive liquids in accordance with the requirements of Section 80.301(1)4.
(b)Exterior Storage.1.General.Exterior storage of corrosive materials shall
be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.314 (b) and the general
provisions specified in Section 80.301.
354
1988 EDITION 80.314-80.315,80.315-A
2.Distance from storage to exposures.Exterior storage of corrosive liquids
shall not be permitted within 20 feet of any building,property line,street,alley,
public way or exit to a public way. An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall
extending not less than 30 inches above and to the side of the storage area may be
provided in lieu of such distance.
3. Containment. Secondary containment shall be provided for the storage of
corrosive liquids in accordance with the requirements of Section 80.301 (1)4.
Other Health Hazard Solids,Liquids and Gases
Sec.80.315(a)Indoor Storage. 1. General.Indoor storage of other health
hazard solids, liquids and gases shall be in accordance with the provisions of
Sections 80.315 (a) and (c) and the general provisions specified in Section
80.301. '-
2.Exempt amounts. When the amount of other health hazard solids,liquids
and gases exceeds that specified in Table No. 80.315-A, such storage shall be
within a room or building conforming to the Building Code requirements for a
Group H,Division 7 Occupancy.
TABLE NO.80.315-A
HEALTH HAZARD SOLIDS,LIQUIDS AND GASES
EXEMPT AMOUNTS
EXEMPTAMOUNT =
Solids Liquids Gas
CONDITION (Pounds) (Gallons) (Cubic Feet)
Unprotected by sprinklers or cabinet 5,000 500 650
Within cabinet in unsprinklered building 10,000 1,000 1,300
In sprinklered building,not in cabinet 10,000 1,000 1,300
In sprinklered building,within cabinet 20,000 2,000 2,600
3.Liquid-tight floor.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.301(z),floors
in storage areas for other health hazard liquids shall be of liquid-tight construc-
tion.
4.Explosion venting or suppression.Explosion venting or suppression sys-
tems shall not be required for the inside storage of other health hazard solids,
liquids and gases.
5. Containment. Secondary containment shall be provided for liquids in
accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301 (1)4.
(b) Exterior Storage. 1. General. Exterior storage of other health hazard
solids,liquids.and gases shall be in accordance with the provisions of Sections
80.315(b)and(c)and the general provisions specified in Section 80.301.
2.Distance from storage to exposures.Exterior storage of other health hazard €
solids, liquids and gases shall not be permitted within 20 feet of any building,
355
r
80.315-80.401 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
property line,street,alley,public way or exit to a public way.An unpierced two-
hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches above and to the sides of
the storage area may be provided in lieu of such distance.
3. Containment. Secondary containment for liquids shall be provided in
accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301 (1)4.
4. Storage conditions. Exterior storage of other health hazard solids and
liquids shall be separated into piles not larger than 2,500 cubic feet.Aisle widths
between piles shall be not less than one-half the height of the piles or 10 feet,
whichever is greater.
(c)Breathing Apparatus.Where other health hazard solids,liquids and gases
are stored, a minimum of two self-contained breathing apparatus shall be pro-
vided.The breathing apparatus shall be suitable for use with the material stored
and shall be located near the immediate area of storage in a location that provides
safety to those expected to don the apparatus.A safe area is one which is not likely
to be immediately affected by the release of hazardous material in the area of
concern.
EXCEPTION: Storage areas or buildings where storage is continually limited to
materials which can be demonstrated to present no respiratory dangers.
Division IV
DISPENSING, USE AND HANDLING
General
Sec. 80.401. (a) Scope. This division applies to the dispensing, use and
handling of hazardous materials in excess of the exempt amounts specified in
Tables Nos. 80.402-A and 80.402-13.
EXCEPTION:Hazardous materials regulated by other articles in this code.
(b)Containers,Cylinders and Tanks. 1.General.Containers,cylinders and
tanks utilized for the dispensing, handling or use of hazardous materials shall
comply with the provisions of Section 80.401(b).
2.Design and construction.Containers,cylinders and tanks shall be designed
and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards.See Section
2.303(b).
3.Tanks out of service 90 days.Any stationary tank not used for a period of 90
days shall be properly safeguarded or removed in manner approved by the chief.
Such tanks shall have the fill line, gage opening and pump connection secured
against tampering.Vent lines shall be properly maintained.
4.Defective containers,cylinders and tanks.Defective containers,cylinders
and tanks shall be removed from service,repaired or disposed of in an approved
manner.
5.Empty containers,cylinders and tanks.Empty containers,cylinders and
tanks previously containing hazardous materials shall be free from residual
356
Section 80.314(a)l, page 354. Add an exception as follows:
EXCEPTION: For retail display of nonflammable solid and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid corrosive materials, see
Section 80.109.
Section 80.315(a)l, page 355. Add an exception as follows:
EXCEPTION: For retail display of nonflammable solid and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid other health hazard
materials, see Section 80.109.
355.1
1988 EDITION 80.401
material and vapor or stored as specified for the storage of the hazardous material
in Division III.
6. Underground tanks. Underground tanks containing hazardous materials
shall be located and protected in accordance with Sections 79.601 and 79.603 of
this code. Secondary containment shall be provided for all new underground
tanks.
7. Aboveground tanks. Aboveground tanks containing hazardous materials
shall be located and protected in accordance with the provisions for exterior
storage of the particular materials as specified in Division III.Such tanks shall be
marked as required by Section 80.401(n).
(c)Piping,Valves and Fittings. 1.General.Piping(including tubing),valves
and fittings conveying hazardous materials shall be installed in accordance with e
approved standards and shall comply with the provisions of Section 80.401 (c):
2.Design and Construction.Piping,valves,fittings and related components =
used for hazardous materials shall comply with the following:
A. Piping, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and
fabricated from materials compatible with the material to be contained and
shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure,
structural and seismic stress and exposure to which they may be subjected. '-
B. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with nationally recog-
nized standards to indicate the material conveyed.
C. Emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the location shall be
clearly visible and indicated by means of a sign. =
D. Backflow-prevention or check valves shall be provided when the backflow
of hazardous materials may create a hazardous condition or cause the
unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.
3. Supply piping. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liquids having a
health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with U.F C.Standard No.79-3 shall
also comply with the following: _
A. Piping and tubing utilized for the transmission of highly toxic or toxic -
material shall have welded or brazed connections throughout unless an
exhausted enclosure is provided if the material is a gas, or the piping is
provided with a receptor for containment if the material is a liquid. _
EXCEPTION:Nonmetallic piping with approved connections. _
B. Piping and tubing shall not be located within exit corridors, within any
portion of an exit required to be enclosed in fire-resistive construction or
above areas not classified as Group H Occupancies. y;
EXCEPTION: Such piping and tubing may be installed within the space defined = C
by the walls of exit corridors and floor or roof above or in concealed space above = o
other occupancies when installed in accordance with the provisions of Building i
Code Section 911(f)2. = "'
C. Where gases or liquids are carried in pressurized piping above 15 psig,
excess flow control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from
within a hazardous material storage room or area,the excess flow control
357
80.401 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
shall be located within the storage room or area.Where the piping originates
from a bulk source,the excess flow control shall be located as close to the
bulk source as practical.
D. Readily accessible manual or automatic remotely activated fail-safe emer-
gency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply piping and tubing at the
following locations:
(i) At the point of use.
(ii) At the tank,cylinder or bulk source.
(d)Equipment.Equipment,machinery and processes utilized for dispensing,
use or handling of hazardous materials shall be suitable for the intended use.Such
equipment,machinery and processes shall be maintained in an operable condition
and shall be replaced, repaired or removed from service when found to be
defective.
(e)Separation from Storage of Hazardous Materials. Dispensing,use and
a handling of hazardous materials having a reactivity hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in
accordance with U.F.C.Standard No.79-3 shall be separated from the storage of
incompatible materials when the quantity in storage exceeds the exempt amounts
specified in Sections 80.302 through 80.315.The separation shall be provided by
one of the following:
_ 1. Segregated from incompatible hazardous materials storage by a distance of
not less than 20 feet,or
2. Isolated from incompatible hazardous materials storage by a noncombusti-
ble partition extending not less than 18 inches above and to the front and
sides of the stored material,or
3. Storage of hazardous materials in hazardous materials storage cabinets in
accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301(o),or
4. Storage of compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures in
accordance with the provisions of Section 80.303(a)6 B.
(f)Noncombustible Floor.Except for surfacing,floors of areas where liquid
or solid hazardous materials are dispensed or used in open systems shall be of
€ noncombustible,liquid-tight construction.
(g) Spill Control, Drainage and Containment. When required by other
provisions of this division, spill control, drainage and containment shall be
provided in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301 (1).
(h)Ignition Source Control. Smoking shall not be permitted in any room or
area where hazardous materials are dispensed or used in open systems or within 25
feet of outdoor dispensing areas.
Open-flame and other heat-producing equipment shall be located a safe dis-
tance from areas where temperature-sensitive materials,flammable materials and
compressed gases are dispensed,used or handled.
(i)Static Accumulation.When processes or conditions exist where a flamma-
ble mixture may be ignited by static electricity,means shall be provided to prevent
the accumulation of a static charge.
368
1988 EDITION 80.401
(j) Electrical Equipment and Wiring. Electrical equipment and wiring in
dispensing and use areas shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the
Electrical Code. :
(k)Limit Controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with the
following:
1. Liquid level. Open tanks in which hazardous materials are used shall be
equipped with a liquid level limit control or other means to prevent overfilling of
the tank.
2. Temperature. Process tanks and equipment which involve temperature
control of the material shall be provided with limit controls to maintain the _
temperature within a safe range.
3. Pressure. Stationary tanks or equipment containing materials which may =
generate pressures exceeding the tank or equipment design limits due to exposure -
fires or internal reaction shall be equipped with pressure-limiting or relief de-
vices.Relief devices for stationary tanks or equipment for highly toxic or corro-
sive materials shall vent to an exhaust scrubber or treatment system for processing
of vapors or gases.Relief devices for flammable or explosive vapors or gases shall _
vent to an approved location. :
(1)Standby power.When mechanical ventilation,treatment systems,tempera-
ture control,manual alarm,detection or other electrically operated systems are
required by other provisions of this division,such systems shall be connected to a _
standby source of power to automatically supply electrical power in the event of
loss of power from the primary source.(See the Electrical Code.)
EXCEPTION:When highly toxic compressed gases or highly toxic, highly
volatile liquids are used or dispensed,emergency power shall be provided in lieu of -
standby power on all required sytems.(See the Electrical Code.)
(m)Supervision.Manual alarm,detection,and automatic fire-extinguishing
systems required by other provisions of this division shall be supervised by an
approved central,proprietary or remote station service or shall initiate an audible
and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.
(n)Signage.In addition to the hazard identification signs required by Section
80.104(e),additional hazard identification and warning signs shall be provided
as follows:
1. Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in dispensing and open-use
areas and within 25 feet of outdoor dispensing or open-use areas.
2.Stationary containers and tanks shall be placarded with hazard identification
signs as specified in U.F.C.Standard No.79-3 for the specific material contained.
(o) Security. Dispensing, use and handling areas shall be secured against
unauthorized entry.
(p)Seismic Protection.Machinery and equipment utilizing hazardous materi-
als shall be seismically anchored in accordance with the provisions of the Building
Code.
(q) Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial means shall be pro- e
vided.Artificial lighting shall be in accordance with the recommendations of the
359
80.401-80.402 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Illuminating Engineering Society Handbook or other nationally recognized stan-
dards.
(r)Fire-extinguishing Systems. Indoor rooms or areas in which hazardous
materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an automatic fire-
extinguishing system.Sprinkler system design shall be not less than that required
under U.B.C.Standard No.38-1 for Ordinary Hazard,Group 3,with a minimum
design area of 3,000 square feet. Where the materials or storage arrangement
require a higher level of sprinkler system protection in accordance with nationally
recognized standards, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be
provided.
EXCEPTION:Approved alternate automatic fire-extinguishing systems may
be used.
Dispensing and Use
Sec.80.402.(a)Exempt Amounts.When the amount of hazardous materials
dispensed or used in one control area exceeds that specified in Tables Nos.
80.402-A or 80.402-B,such dispensing or use shall either be located in a room or
area constructed in accordance with the provisions of the Building Code or
located in an exterior dispensing,use or handling area located in accordance with
the provisions of Sections 80.301 through 80.315.
(b)Indoor Dispensing and Use. 1. General. Indoor dispensing and use of
hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the provisions of this subsection
e and the general provisions specified in Section 80.401.
2.Open systems.Dispensing and use of hazardous materials in open contain-
ers or systems shall comply with the following:
A. Dispensing.When liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance
with U.F.C.Standard No.79-3 are dispensed from tanks or drums,dispens-
ing shall be only by approved pumps taking suction from the top.
B. Ventilation.When gases,liquids or solids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4
in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3 are dispensed or used,me-
chanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided to capture fumes, mists or
vapors at the point of generation.
EXCEPTION:Gases,liquids or solids which can be demonstrated not to create
harmful fumes,mists or vapors.
C. Fire-extinguishing system.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.401
(r),laboratory fume hoods and spray booths where flammable materials are
dispensed or used shall be protected by an automatic fire-extinguishing
system.
D. Explosion venting or suppression.Explosion venting or suppression shall
be provided in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301(q)when
an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature
of the hazardous materials dispensed or used,or as a result of the dispensing
or use process.
360
1988 EDITION 80.402
E. Spill control,drainage and containment.Rooms or areas where hazard-
ous material liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding 1-gallon capac-
ity or used in open containers or systems exceeding 5-gallon capacity shall
be provided with a means to control spills.Secondary containment shall be
provided in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301 (1)when the
capacity of an individual container.exceeds 55 gallons or the aggregate of
multiple containers exceeds 100 gallons.
3.Closed systems.Use of hazardous materials in closed containers or systems '-
shall comply with the following:
A. Use.Systems shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by
persons competent in such design. Where nationally recognized good '--
practices or standards have been established for the processes employed, _
they shall be followed in the design. Controls shall be designed to prevent
materials from entering or leaving process or reaction systems at other than a
the intended time,rate or path.Whenever automatic controls are provided,
they shall be designed to be fail safe.
B. Ventilation.If closed systems are designed to be opened as part of normal
operations,ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the provisions
of Section 80.402(b)2 B.
C. Fire-extinguishing system.In addition to the provisions of Section 80.401
(r),laboratory fume hoods and spray booths where flammable materials are
used shall be protected by an automatic fire-extinguishing system.
D. Explosion venting or suppression.Explosion venting or suppression shall
be provided in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301 (q)when
an explosive environment can occur because of the hazardous materials
dispensed or used,or as a result of the dispensing or use process.
EXCEPTION:When process vessels are designed to fully contain the worst case
explosion anticipated within the vessel under process conditions considering the
most likely failure.
E. Spill control,drainage and containment. Rooms or areas where hazard-
ous material liquids are used in individual tanks or containers exceeding 55
gallons shall be provided with a means to control spills.Secondary contain-
ment shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.301
(1)if the aggregate of multiple tanks or containers exceeds 1,000 gallons.
F. Special requirements for highly toxic and toxic compressed gases.
(i) Ventilated area. Compressed gas cylinders in use shall be within venti-
lated gas cabinets,laboratory fume hoods,exhausted enclosures or sepa-
rate gas storage rooms.When portable or stationary tanks are employed in
use or dispensing, they shall be within a ventilated separate gas storage
room or placed within an exhausted enclosure.
Exhaust systems for gas cabinets,fume hoods,exhausted enclosures or
separate gas storage rooms shall be designed to handle the accidental
release of gas.Such exhaust systems shall be capable of diluting,adsorb-
ing, absorbing, neutralizing, burning or otherwise processing the entire =_
361
80.402 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
e contents of the largest single tank or cylinder of gas in use. Systems for
such processing shall be designed as a treatment system.
(ii) Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures.When gas cabinets or exhausted
enclosures are provided,they shall be in accordance with the provisions of
Section 80.303 (a) 6 B. Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures shall be
internally sprinklered.
(iii) Separate gas storage rooms. When separate gas storage rooms are pro-
vided,they shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.303(a)
6 C.
(iv) Treatment systems.When treatment systems are provided,they shall be
in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.303(a)6 D.
(v) Gas detection. Gas detection shall be provided in accordance with the
3ENQ provisions of Section 80.303 (a)9. Activation of the monitoring system
shall automatically close the shutoff valve on highly toxic or toxic gas-
supply lines related to the system being monitored.
(vi) Smoke detection. Smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with
€ the provisions of Section 80.303(a) 10.
(vii) Storage conditions. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas
cabinet shall not exceed three.
(viii) Process equipment. Effluent from process equipment containing highly
toxic or toxic gases which may be discharged to the atmosphere shall be
processed through an exhaust scrubber or other processing system. Such
systems shall comply with the provisions of the Mechanical Code for
product-conveying ventilation systems.
(c)Exterior Dispensing and Use. 1. General.Exterior dispensing or use of
hazardous materials in either closed or open containers or systems shall be in
accordance with the provisions of this subsection and the general provisions
specified in Section 80.401.
2.Dispensing.When liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance
with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3 are dispensed from tanks or drums, dispensing
shall be only by approved pumps taking suction from the top.
3.Fire-extinguishing system.Flammable hazardous materials dispensing or
use areas located within 50 feet of either a storage area or building, and vehicle
loading racks where flammable hazardous materials are dispensed, shall be
protected by an approved fire-extinguishing system.
4. Spill control, drainage and containment. A. Open systems. Exterior
areas where hazardous materials liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding
1-gallon capacity or used in open containers or systems exceeding 5-gallon
capacity shall be provided a means to control spills.Secondary containment shall
be provided when the capacity of an individual container exceeds 55 gallons or the
aggregate capacity of multiple containers exceeds 100 gallons.
362
1988 EDITION 80.402
B.Closed systems.Exterior areas where hazardous materials liquids are used =_
in individual tanks or containers exceeding 55 gallons shall be provided
with a means to control spills. Secondary containment shall be provided if
the aggregate of multiple tanks or containers exceeds 1,000 gallons.
5. Clearance from combustibles.The area surrounding an exterior dispens-
ing or use area shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a =_
minimum distance of 30 feet.
6. Fire access roadways and water supply. Fire access roadways and ap-
proved water supplies shall be provided for exterior dispensing or use areas in
accordance with the following:
A. Fire access roadways.Fire apparatus access roadways shall be provided to
within 150 feet of all portions of an exterior dispensing or use area. Such
access roadways shall comply with the provisions of Section 10.107.
B. Water supply.An approved water supply shall be provided.Fire hydrants
or other approved means capable of supplying the required fire flow shall be
provided to within 150 feet of all portions of an exterior dispensing or use
area.The water supply and fire hydrants shall comply with the provisions of
Section 10.301.
7.Protection from vehicles.Guard posts or other means shall be provided to
protect exterior dispensing or use areas from vehicular damage.When guard posts
are installed, the posts shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section
80.301 (w).
8.Special requirements for highly toxic or toxic compressed gases.A.Gas
cabinets or local exhaust.When cylinders or portable containers are used out-of-
doors,gas cabinets or a locally exhausted enclosure shall be provided.When gas
cabinets are provided,the installation shall be in accordance with the provisions
of Section 80.303 (a)6 B. The required treatment system shall be designed in
accordance with the provisions of Section 80.303(a)6 D.
B. Exhaust systems. Exhaust systems for gas cabinets or locally exhausted
enclosures shall be designed to handle the accidental release of gas.Such exhaust
systems shall be capable of diluting,adsorbing,absorbing,neutralizing,burning
or otherwise processing the entire contents of the largest single tank or cylinder of
gas in use.Systems for such processing shall be designed as treatment systems in
accordance with the provisions of Section 80.303(a)6 D.
IMENC�5 Gas detection. Gas detection shall be provided in gas cabinets and ex-
hausted enclosures in accordance with the provisions of Section 80.303 (a) 9.
Activation of the monitoring system shall automatically close the shutoff valve on
highly toxic or toxic gas supply lines related to the system being monitored.
D.Fire-extinguishing system.Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures shall be
internally sprinklered.
363
80.403 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Handling
Sec.80.403.(a)Scope.The handling of hazardous materials shall comply with
the provisions of Section 80.403 and the general provisions specified in Section
80.401.
(b) Containers, Cylinders, Tanks and Drums. All containers, cylinders,
tanks,drums or other means for the transport of hazardous materials shall be of an
approved type.
Liquids in containers exceeding 5 gallons shall be transported on a cart.
When more than two containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking
of 3 or 4 in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No.79-3 are transported within an
exit corridor or exit enclosure,they shall be on an approved cart in conformance
with the provisions of Section 80.403(c).
Hazardous materials gas cylinders in transit shall have their protective cylinder
caps in place.Cylinders of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have their
valves capped or plugged with an approved closure device.
(c)Carts and Trucks.Carts and trucks used to transport hazardous materials
rated 3 or 4 in accordance with U.F.C.Standard No.79-3 inside buildings within
any part of an exit corridor or exit enclosure shall comply with the following:
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Two hazardous materials liquid containers may be hand
carried in acceptable safety carriers.
2.Single drums not exceeding 55 gallons may be transported by suitable drum
trucks.
3.Cylinders of compressed gases may be transported by acceptable gas cylinder
hand trucks.Cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds may be hand carried.
4.Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds may be transported by
- acceptable hand trucks.A single container not exceeding 50 pounds may be hand
carried.
1.Carts and trucks used to transport hazardous materials shall be designed to
provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means
of restraining containers against accidental dislodgement.Compressed gas cylin-
ders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually restrained.
2. Carts and trucks shall be provided with a device which will enable the
operator to safely control movement by providing stops or speed-reduction
devices.
3. Construction materials for hazardous materials carts or trucks shall be
compatible with the material transported.The cart or truck shall be of substantial
construction.
4. Carts and trucks transporting liquids shall be capable of containing a spill
from the largest single container transported.
5. Carts and trucks used to transport materials shall not obstruct or be left
unattended within any part of an exit.
6.Incompatible materials shall not be transported on the same cart or truck.
364
Section 80.402(b)3F(v), page 362. Add an exception as follows:
EXCEPTION: Automatic shutdown need not be provided for
reactors utilized for the production of toxic or highly toxic
gases when such reactors are:
1. Operated at pressures less that 15 psig.
2. Constantly attended.
3. Provided with readily accessible emergency shutoff
valves.
Section 80.402(c)8C, page 363. Add an exception as follows:
EXCEPTION: Automatic shutdown need not be provided for
reactors utilized for the production of toxic or highly toxic
gases when such reactors are:
1. Operated at pressures less that 15 psig.
2. Constantly attended.
3. Provided with readily accessible emergency shutoff
valves.
363.1
1988 EDITION 80.403
(d)Emergency Alarm.When hazardous materials rated 3 or 4 in accordance
with U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3 are transported through exit corridors or exit
enclosures,there shall be an emergency telephone system,a local manual alarm
station or an approved signaling device at not more than 150-foot intervals and at
each exit doorway throughout the transport route.The signal shall be relayed to an
approved central,proprietary or remote station service or constantly attended on-
site location and shall also initiate a local audible alarm.
(Tables on following pages.)
365
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TABLE NO.80.402•A—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A PHYSICAL HAZARD o
MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA S
Values within parentheses are in cubic feet(Cu.Ft.)or pounds(Lbs.)
a
CLOSED SYSTEMS OPEN SYSTEMS
Solid Llquld Solid Uqu�
Lbs. Gallons Gas Lbs. Gallons Gas
MATERIAL CLASS (Cu.FL) (Lbs.) Cubic Feet (Cu.FL) (Lbs.) Cubic Feet
I.1 Combustible liquid' II N.A. 1201 N.A. N.A. 301 N.A.
III-A N.A. 3301 N.A. N.A. 801 N.A.
III-B N.A. 13.2002 N.A. N.A. 3,300-- N.A.
1.2 Combustible dust
lbs./1000 cu.ft. 13 N.A. N.A. 13 N.A. N.A.
1.3 Cryogenic,flammable or
oxidizing N.A. 451 N.A. N.A. 101 N.A.
2.1 Explosives 1/44 (1/4)4 N.A. 1/44 (1/4)4 N.A.
A 3.1 Flammable solid 251 N.A. N.A. 251 N.A. N.A.
3.2 Flammable gas
(gaseous) N.A. N.A. 75015 N.A. N.A. N.A.
(liquefied) N.A. 1515 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
3.3 Flammable liquid3 I-A N.A. 301 N.A. N.A. 101 N.A.
I-B N.A. 601 N.A. N.A. 151 N.A.
I-C N.A. 901 N.A. N.A. 201 N.A. Z
Combination 1-A,I-B,I-C N.A. 1201 6 N.A. N.A. 301 6 N.A. 0
4.1 Organic peroxide U.D. 1/44 (1/4)4 N.A. 1/44 (1/4)4 N.A.
I I (Ip N.A. I (I)l N.A. 3
II 501 (50)1 N.A. 101 (Iff
III 1251 (125)1 N.A. 251 (25)1 N.A. M
m
IV 5001 (500)1 N.A. 1001 (100)1 N.A. A
V N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A. O
v
m
Thble No.80.402-A,page 366.Revise the table by adding a new Item 1.3 as
follows, renumbering current Section I materials and revising Item 5.1 as
follows:
w TABLE NO.80.402-A—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A
°1 PHYSICAL HAZARD—MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA
rn
Values within parentheses are in cubic feet(cu.ft.)or pounds(tbs.)
CLOSED SYSTEMS OPEN SYSTEMS
Solid Liquid Solid Liquid
tbs. gallons Gas tbs. gallons Gas
MATERIAL CLASS (cu.ft.) (tbs.) cu.ft. (cu.ft.) (tbs.) cu.n.
1.3 Combustible Fiber Loose (100) NA NA (20) NA NA
Baled (1,000) NA NA (200) NA NA
5.1 Pyrophoric 14 (1)4 104•5 10 0 0
f
m
4.2Oxidizer 4 1/44 (1/4)4 N.A. 1/44 (1/4)4 N.A. p
3 21 (2)1 N.A. 21 (2)1 N.A.
2 2501 (250)1 N.A. 501 (50)1 N.A. O
1 1,0001 (1,000), N.A. 2001 (200)1 N.A. Z
4.3 Oxidizer--Gas
(gaseous) N.A. N.A. 1,50015 N.A. N.A. N.A.
(liquefied) N.A. 1515 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
5.1 Pyrophoric 14 (1)4 104 5 N.A. N.A. N.A.
6:1 Unstable(reactive) 4 1/44 (1/4)4 24 5 1144 (1/4)4 N.A.
411 ,
3 11 (1)1 101 5 11 (1)1 N.A.
® 2 501 (50)1 25015 101 (10)1 N.A.
1 1252 (125)2 75015 252 (25)2 N.A.
7.1 Water(reactive) 3 51 (5)1 N.A. 11 (1)1 N.A.
2 501 (50)1 N.A. 101 (10)1 N.A.
1 1252 (125)2 N.A. 252 (25)2 N.A.
N.A.=Not applicable.
N.L. =Not limited.
U.D. =Unclassified detonatable.
,The amount may be doubled in sprinklered buildings.When Footnote 2 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied.
27he quantities permitted in a sprinklered building are not limited.
3A dust-explosion potential is considered to exist if one pound or more of combustible dust per 1,000 cubic feet of volume is normally in suspension or could be put into
suspension in all or a portion of an enclosure,including dust inside pieces of equipment.This also includes combustible dust which accumulates on horizontal surfaces
inside buildings or equipment and which could be put into suspension by an accident,sudden force or small explosion.
4permitted in sprinklered buildings only.No amount is allowed in unsprinklered buildings.
57he amount may be doubled when dispensed or used in closed containers or systems.When Footnote 1 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. g
6Containing not more than the exempt amounts of Class I-A,I-B or I-C flammable liquids. g
W N
4 D
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIYIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIYIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII111111111111111111 H111IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1111111111111111111111111111111
80.402-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.80.402-B—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS PRESENTING A HEALTH HAZARD
MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA
MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA
Closed Systems Open Systems
Solid I Llyuld Gas Solid Liquid Gas
MATERIAL Lbs.7 Gal.(Lbs.)7 Cu.Ft.7 Lbs.7 Gal.quid
Cu.Ft.
Carcinogen As regulated b federal or state OSHA guidlelines
Corrosive 5000 500z3 6501 1000 I 1003 I 0
Highly Toxic 1 I (1) 204 I 1/4 1 (7/4) I 0
Irritant 5000 500 650z 1000 100 I 0
Radioactives Amounts Requiring a Permit—See Sec.4.101
Sensitizer 5000 500 6501 1000 1 100 0
Other Health Hazards 5000 500 6502 1000 100 0
'The amount may be doubled in sprinklered buildings.When Footnote 2 also applies,the increase for
both footnotes may be applied.
2The amount may be doubled when dispensed or used in closed containers or systems.When Footnote 1
also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied.
3Containment shall be provided and shall be arranged so that sprinkler discharge cannot overflow and
mix materials which are not compatible.
4Permitted only when stored in approved exhausted gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures.See Section
80.303(a)6 B.
SLicensed,sealed sources in instruments,calibration devices and equipment.
368
1988 EDITION 81.101-81.104
ARTICLE 81
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
Scope
Sec.81.101.This article shall apply to the storage of high-piled combustible
material and high-rack storage systems. Factors such as method and height of
stock piling,combustibility of materials,fuel load and rate of heat release,areas
and size of piles, aisles, automatic fire-extinguishing systems, smoke-removal
systems; fire protection and fire separations are considered in setting forth the
provisions of this article. In the absence of specific provisions in the article,
U.F.C.Standard No.81-1 or No.81-2 shall apply.
Definitions
Sec.81.102.For definitions of COMMODITY,DESIGNATED HIGH-PILED
COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE AREA, HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STOR-
AGE AND HIGH-RACK STORAGE SYSTEMS,see Article 9.
Permits
Sec.81.103.For permits to use buildings for high-piled combustible storage,
see Section 4.108.
Classification of Contents
Sec.81.104.Commodity classifications shall be as defined and in accordance
with the following:
Class I commodity is a commodity which is essentially noncombustible prod-
ucts on wooden or nonexpanded polyethylene solid deck pallets, in ordinary
corrugated cartons with or without single-thickness dividers,or in ordinary paper
wrappings with or without pallets.Examples of Class I commodities include,but
are not limited to,the following:
Appliances,electrical
Beer or wine up to 20 percent alcohol
Cement in bags
Ceramics
Dairy products in nonwax-coated containers
Dry insecticides
Foods in noncombustible containers
Frozen foods
Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers
Glass
4
Glycol in metal cans
Gypsum board `
Wy
�J
Inert materials,bagged ^s
Insulation,noncombustible d=�
Metal products
369
81.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Class II commodity is Class I products in slatted wooden crates,solid wooden
boxes,multiple-thickness paperboard cartons or equivalent combustible packag-
ing material with or without pallets. Examples of Class II commodities would
include,but are not limited to,the following:
Beer or wine up to 20 percent alcohol in combustible containers
Incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs in cartons
Thinly coated fine wire on reels or in cartons
Class III commodity is a commodity of wood, paper, natural fiber cloth, or
Group C plastics or products thereof, with or without pallets. Products may
contain a limited amount of Group A or B plastics. (Metal bicycles with plastic
handles, pedals, seats and tires are an example of a commodity with a limited
amount of plastics.)See U.F.C.Standard No.81-1 for classification of Groups A,
B and C plastics.Examples of Class III commodities would include,but are not
limited to,the following:
Combustible fiberboard
Cork,baled
Feed,bagged
Fertilizers,bagged
Furniture(wood,natural fiber,upholstered,nonplastic or wood or
metal with plastic-padded and covered arm rests)
Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in metal cans
Lumber(stored flat)
Mattresses(excluding foamed rubber and foamed plastics)
Nonflammable liquids in plastic containers
Paints,oil base,in metal cans
Paper and pulp,horizontal storage
Paper,waste,baled
Pillows(excluding foamed rubber and foamed plastics)
Plastic-coated paper food containers
Plywood
Rags,baled
Rugs(no foamed backing)
Sugar,bagged
Wood,baled
Wood doors,frames and cabinets
Yarns(natural fiber and viscose)
Class IV commodity is Class I, II or III products containing an appreciable
amount of Group A plastics in ordinary corrugated cartons and Class 1,II and III
products in corrugated cartons with Group A plastic packaging,with or without
pallets.Group B plastics and free-flowing Group A plastics are also included in
this class.Examples of Class IV commodities would include,but not be limited
370
1988 EDITION 81.104-81.105
to,the following:
Alcohol(over 20 percent but under 80 percent)in cans,or bottles in
cartons
Clothing,synthetic or nonviscose
Furniture,plastic upholstered
Furniture,wood or metal with plastic covering and/or padding
Glycol in combustible containers
Linoleum products
Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in combustible container
Lumber(stored vertical)
Paints,oil base in combustible containers
Pharmaceuticals,alcoholic elixirs,tonics,etc.
Rubbergoods
Rugs,foamed back
Shingles,asphalt
Thread or yarn,synthetic or nonviscose
Class V commodities are high-hazard products presenting special fire hazards
beyond those of Class I,II,III or IV. Examples of Class V commodities would
include,but are not limited to,the following:
Aerosol(flammable)
Alcohol,80 percent or higher,in bottles in cartons
Lacquers(which dry by solvent evaporation)in metal cans or cartons
Mattresses,foamed rubber or foamed plastics
Pallets and flats(idle combustible)
Paper,asphalt,rolled,horizontal storage
Paper,asphalt,rolled,vertical storage
Paper and pulp,rolled,vertical storage(unbanded)
Pillows,foamed rubber and foamed plastics
Plastic products in cartons(ABS,polystyrene polyethylene)
Plastic,foamed urethane and polystyrene
Pyroxylin
Rubber tires
Note: Plastic materials listed within each commodity classification are
assumed to be not modified for improved'combustibility characteristics. Use of
flame-retarding modifiers or the physical form of the material may change the
classification.
Fire Protection
Sec. 81.105. Fire protection for buildings used for high-piled combustible
storage shall be in accordance with Table No. 81.105 and the Building Code.
Nationally recognized standards or guidelines as applicable may be used when
approved by the chief.
371
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TABLE NO.81.105—REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION
PILE CUBIC SMALL HOSE AUTOMATIC
DESIGNATED BUILDING AISLE DIMENSION USABLE FEET PER MECHAN- CONNECTION FIRE-EXTIN- SMOKE
STORAGE AREA ACCESS. WIDTH PERMITTED2 STORAGES PILE ICALSMOKE SMOKEAND Add- GUISHING DETECTION
COMMODITY (squarefoctage)t (Sec.81.109) (min.ft.) (max.ft.) (max.htJ/L) (max.) REMOVAL HEATVENTS 11/2"Valves tlonalEquip. SYSTEMS SYSTEM4
I-V 0-500 N/R5 N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R
I-IV 501-2,500 N/R5 8 100 40 100,000 N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R Yes
V6 501-2,500 N/RS 1 8 50 20 50,000 N/R I N/R Yes 7 N/R Yes
I-IV 2,501-12,000 N/R5 8 100 40 400,000 N/R N/R N/R N/R Yes N/R
I-IV 2,501-12,000 Yes 8 100 40 200,000 Not Yes Yes 7 N/R Yes
permitted
1-IV 12,001-20,000 Yes S 100 40 400,000 9 N/R N/R Yes N/R
I-IV 20,001-300,000 Yes 8 100 40 400,000 A' yes e-E T 7 tuy
I-IV Storage Yes s 100 Un- 6e* - -�i- q , 10 7 Yes 10
exceeding 40 limited Qu o' .dMd /
feet in height
or storage in C
excess of Z
300,00011 0
O
M
V6 2,501-50,000 Yes 88 50 306 75,000 9 6 Yes 7 6 Yes6 io 6
m
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O
v
m
i
m
v
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z
'High-piled stock area may be treated as a separate area if it is separated from other areas of the building with a two-hour area separation wall or individual areas are a
minimum 60 feet apart measured horizontally in a direct line and with no combustible storage between piles
2Not applicable to double-or single-row rack storage with adjacent aisles.
3Usable storage height is the distance from the floor to a point not less than 18 inches below the ceiling sprinkler head deflector.
<AII smoke detection systems shall be supervised and installed throughout the building.
51be provisions of Section 10.207 shall apply.
6Nationally recognized standards or guidelines as applicable to specific commodities may be used when approved by the chief.
7Hose,nozzles and cabinets or covers may be required by the chief.
BAccess aisles shall be provided as specified in 81.108.Where precluded by high-rack storage systems alternate methods of access and alternate approved methods of
protection may be provided as approved by the chief.
9Smoke and heat vents or mechanical smoke-removal systems shall be provided.The type of system to be used shall be approved by the chief,based on nationally
recognized engineering practices.
IoAs approved by the chief.
Special fire protection provisions,such as but not limited to,area separation walls,fire protection of exposed steel,in-rack smoke detection,increased sprinkler
density or additional in-rack sprinklers may be required by the chief.
N/R—Not Required
a�
W o
V tlf
W
81.106-81.107 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Automatic Fine-extinguishing Systems
Sec. 81.106. (a) General. The design and installation of automatic fire-
extinguishing systems shall conform to requirements in the Building Code and
U.F.C.Standard No.81-1 or No.81-2.
(b) System Design. The fire-extinguishing systems shall be designed by a
registered engineer or approved designer and shall be approved by the chief.The
chief shall be guided by the standards and recommendations of the National Fire
Protection Association, Factory Mutual Engineering or other nationally recog-
nized fire protection authorities.
Smoke Venting and Removal
Sec. 81.107. (a)General. When required by Table No. 81.105, smoke and
heat vents or mechanical smoke removal systems shall conform to the require-
ments of this section.
(b)Smoke and Heat Vents and Curtain Boards.The design and installation
of smoke and heat vents and curtain boards shall be as specified in the Building
Code,except as modified by the following:
1. Smoke and heat vents shall be approved and shall be operated automat-
ically by actuation of a heat-responsive device rated at between 100T and
220°F.above ambient.Approved smoke and heat vents shall activate fully
when the vent cavity is exposed to a simulated fire or a time-temperature
gradient that reaches an air temperature of 500°F. within five minutes.
Smoke and heat vents shall have the capability of being opened by an
approved manual operation.
2. The minimum dimension of any smoke and heat vent opening shall be not
less than 4 feet.
3. Smoke and heat vents and curtain boards shall be installed in accordance
with Table No.81.107.
(c) Mechanical Smoke-removal Systems. Mechanical smoke-removal sys-
tem capability shall be determined by the following:
1. Curtain boards shall be provided in accordance with Table No.81.107.
2. Air movement formula:
V= A x 300
V= Volume of mechanical ventilation required,in CFM
A = Area of roof vents provided in square feet in accordance with Table
No.81.107.
3. Supply air for exhaust fans shall be provided at or near the floor level and
shall be sized to provide a minimum of 50 percent of required exhaust.
Openings for supply air shall be uniformly distributed around the periphery
of the area served.
4. Fan requirements:
A. The maximum individual capacity of a fan shall be 30,000 CFM.
B. Exhaust fans shall be uniformly spaced within each curtained area and
the maximum distance between fans shall not be greater than 100 feet.
374
1988 EDITION 81.107
C. Thermal protection of wiring and smoke-removal fan units shall be
based upon a 10000E exposure for not less than 15 minutes.
5. Control requirements:
A. On combination comfort air-handling/smoke-removal systems or inde-
pendent comfort air-handling systems,fans shall be controlled to shut
down in accordance with the automatic shutoff requirements of the
Mechanical Code or by activation of automatic extinguishing or detec-
tion systems.
B. Electrical service to the smoke-removal systems shall be connected on
the line side of the main electrical disconnect.
C. The smoke-removal system fire department control panel shall be in an
approved location and shall be clearly identified. The control panel
room shall be protected by not less than a one-hour occupancy separa-
tion as defined in the Building Code.The room shall be accessible from
the exterior of the building. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be
required in the panel room.
D. Controls shall be designed for selective control of each curtained area.
375
w
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TABLE NO.81.107
DESIGNATED MAXIMUM AREA VENT AREA MAXIMUM MAXIMUM DISTANCE
HAZARD STORAGE CURTAIN BOARD FORMED BY TO FLOOR SPACING OF FROM WALL OR
CLASSIFICATION HEIGHT DEPTH CURTAIN BOARDS AREA RATIO VENT CENTERS CURTAIN BOARDS
I through IV 20 ft.or less 6 ft. 10,000 sq.ft. 1:100 100 ft. 60 ft.
I through IV over 20 ft. 6 ft. 8,000 sq.ft. 1:75 100 ft. 55 ft.
to 40 ft.
I through IV 20 ft.or less 4 ft. 3,000 sq.ft. 1:75 100 ft. 55 ft.
I through IV over 20 ft. 4 ft. 3,000 sq.ft. 1:50 100 ft. 50 ft.
to 40 ft.
V 20 ft.or less 6 ft. 6,000 sq.ft. 1:50 100 ft. 50 ft.
V over 20 ft. 6 ft. 6,000 sq.ft. 1:40 90 ft. 45 ft.
to 30 ft. C
Z
V 30 ft.or less 4 ft. 2,000 sq.ft. I:30 75 ft. 40 ft. 0
Note:For storage heights in excess of those indicated,an engineered design shall be submitted for approval. �t
m
0
0
0
m
1988 EDITION 81.108-81.111
Aisles AMENp
Sec.81.108. (a)General.Aisles of not less than 44 inches in width shall be
established to provide access to exits and fire department access doors and shall
comply with the following:.
1. Aisles shall extend from floor to ceiling unless otherwise approved by the
chief.
2. For aisles separating storage piles, see U.F.C. Standard No. 81-1 or No.
81-2:
3. Rack structural support may be permitted across aisles above the 6-foot 8-
inch level if it does not interfere with hose streams or accessibility.
(b) Aisles in High-rack Storage Systems. For aisles in high-rack storage
systems,see Table No.81.105,Footnote 1.
Access to Building
Sec. 81.109. (a) Access Roadways. Access roadways shall be provided to
within 150 feet of all portions of the exterior walls of any buildings used for high-
piled combustible storage in excess of 12,000 square feet, regardless of the
provisions of Section 10.207(b).
(b)Access Doors.For fire fighting purposes,there shall be at least one access
door accessible without the use of a ladder and not less than 3 feet in width and not
less than 6 feet 8 inches in height in each 100lineal feet or major fraction thereof of
the exterior walls which face the access roadways required by Section 10.207(b).
Metal roll-up doors are not acceptable for such purposes unless approved by the
chief.
EXCEPTION:In buildings protected with an automatic fire-extinguishing sys-
tem throughout and having less than 12,000 square feet of high-piled stock of Class I
through Class IV commodity,access doors are not required.
Small Hose Connections
Sec. 81.110. (a) General. Small hose connections complying with.U.F.C.
Standard No.81-1,or No. 81-2 shall be provided as shown in Table No.81.105.
(b)Hose and Nozzles.Hose and nozzles may be omitted when approved by the
fire chief. .
(c) Nozzle Selection. Where provided, nozzles shall be selected for proper
operation based on the hydraulic characteristics of the automatic sprinkler sys-
tem.
(d)Connection Protection. Small hose connections shall be protected from
damage by physical impact.
High-rack Storage Systems
Sec. 81.111. (a)'Approvals. Prior to the use of any building as a high-rack
storage facility,the approval of the fire chief shall be obtained.
(b) Special Considerations. Installation of high-rack storage systems will
require special considerations such as separation from other buildings, built-in
fire protection and fire department access and shall be as required by the chief.
377
82.101-82.104 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 82
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
NOTE:This article has been revised in its entirety.
Scope
Sec.82.101.This article shall apply to the storage,handling and transportation
of liquefied petroleum gas and the installation of all equipment pertinent to
systems for such uses. For determining properties of liquefied petroleum gases,
refer to U.F.C.Standard No.82-1,Appendix A.
Permits and Reports of Installations
Sec.82.102.(a)Permit.For a permit to install or maintain an LP-gas container
or operate LP-gas tank vehicles see Section 4.108.
(b)Records.Installers shall maintain a record of all installations for which a
permit is not required by Section 4.108 (but not including installation of gas-
burning appliances and replacing of portable cylinders)and have it available for
inspection by the chief.
(c)No Filling.Distributors shall not fill an LP-gas container for which a permit
is required unless a permit for installation has been issued for that location by the
chief.
Installation of Equipment
Sec. 82.103. (a)General. All LP-gas equipment, including such equipment
installed at utility gas plants,shall be installed in accordance with the provisions
of U.F.C.Standards No.82-1 and No.82-2,except as otherwise provided in this
article or in other laws or regulations in effect.
(b)Liquefied Petroleum Gas in or on Buildings. Liquefied petroleum gas
may be used on roofs, in buildings undergoing repair or renovation, in educa-
tional,institutional and industrial occupancies,and for demonstration or training
as specified in U.F.C.Standard No.82-1,Section 3-4.For occupancy classifica-
tion of buildings containing liquefied petroleum gas,see the Building Code.
(c)Prohibitions. For prohibited locations of equipment and piping,refer to
Uniform Mechanical Code Chapter 5 and Uniform Mechanical Code Appendix
B,Chapter 22.
Location of Containers
Sec. 82.104. (a)General. The storage and transportation of liquefied petro-
leum gas and the installation of all pertinent equipment shall be installed and
maintained in accordance with U.F.C. Standard No. 82-1 and subject to the
approval of the chief.These orders shall apply to all persons and places within the
jurisdiction except as herein provided.
(b)Maximum Capacity Within Established Limits.Within the limits estab-
lished by law restricting the storage of liquefied petroleum gas for the protection
of heavily populated or congested commercial areas, the aggregate capacity of
any one installation shall not exceed 2,000 gallons water capacity.
378
17.56.260 Section 81.108 added--Aisles. Section 81.108 is
hereby amended by adding subsection (a)4 to read as follows:
Aisles. Aisles shall comply with the requirements for exits
- and the following:
1. When mechanical stocking methods are utilized, the
minimum aisle width shall be 8 feet.
2. When manual stocking methods are utilized, the minimum
aisle width shall be 44 inches.
3. During the stocking operation, a minimum exit width of
44 inches shall be maintained.
4. When cross aisles are provided the maximum required
width shall be 14 feet.
5. Aisles shall not have a dead end greater than 20 feet in
length.
(Ord. 2865, 12 Nov'86)
377.1
1988 EDITION 82.104
(c)Container Location.Containers shall be located with respect to buildings,
public ways,or line of adjoining property which may be built upon in accordance
with Table No.82.104.
Containers shall also be located with respect to special hazards such as above-
ground flammable or combustible liquid tanks, oxygen or gaseous hydrogen
containers,flooding or electric power lines as specified in U.F.C. Standard No.
82-1,Section 3-2.2.6.
(d)Multiple Container Installation. Multiple container installations with a
total storage water capacity of more than 180,000 gallons(150,000)gallons LP-
gas capacity)shall be subdivided into groups containing not more than 180,000
gallons in each group.Such groups shall be separated by a distance of not less than
50 feet, unless the containers are (1) mounded in an approved manner, or(2)
protected with an approved insulation on such areas that may be subject to
impingement of ignited gas from pipelines or other leakage,or(3)protected by
firewalls of approved.construction, or(4)protected by an approved system for
application of water as specified in U.F.C.Standard No.82-1,Table 3-2.2.4,or
(5)protected by other approved means.Where one of these forms of protection is
provided, the separation shall not be less than 25 feet between such container
groups.
TABLE NO.82.104--LOCATION OF CONTAINERS
MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN
CONTAINER AND BUILDINGS,PUBLIC
WAYS,OR LINE OF ADJOINING PROPERTY MINIMUM
MOUNDEDOR SEPARATION
CONTAINER UNDERGROUND ABOVEGROUND BETWEEN
CAPACITY CONTAINERS1 CONTAINERS2 CONTAINERS2 3
(Water Gallon) (Feet) (Feet) (Feet)
Less than 1253 4 10 55 None
125 to 250 10 10 None
250 to 500 10 10 3
500 to 2,000 10 2556 3
2,000 to 30,000 50 50 5
30,000 to 70,000 50 75 (1/4 of sum of
70,000 to 90,000 50 100 diameters of
90,000to 120,000 50 125 adjacent containers)
'Minimum distance for underground containers shall be measured from the pressure-relief device
and filling or liquid-level gauge vent connection at the container,except that no part of an
underground container shall be less than 10 feet from a building or line of adjoining property
which can be built upon.
21n applying the distance between buildings and ASME containers of 125 gallons or more water
capacity,a minimum of 50 percent of this horizontal distance shall also apply to all portions of W
the building which project more than 5 feet from the building wall and which are higher than the
relief valve discharge outlet.This horizontal distance shall be measured from a point deter- o�
mined by projecting the outside edge of such overhanging structure vertically downward to
r`c
379
da
82.104-82.106 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
grade or other level upon which the container is installed. Under no conditions shall the
distances to the building wall be less than those prescribed in Table No.82.104.
EXCEPTION:Not applicable to installations in which overhanging structure is
50 feet or more above the relief-valve discharge outlet.
3When underground multicontainer installations are made of individual containers having a
water capacity of 125 gallons or more,such containers shall be installed so as to permit
access at their ends or sides to facilitate working with cranes or hoists.
°At a consumer site,if the aggregate water capacity of a multicontainer installation com-
posed of individual containers having a water capacity of less than 125 gallons is 500
gallons or more,the minimum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of this
table,applying the aggregate capacity rather than the capacity per container.If more than
one such installation is made,each installation shall be separated from any other installa-
tion by at least 25 feet.Do not apply the minimum distances between containers to such
installations.
5The following shall apply to aboveground containers installed alongside buildings:
A. Containers of less than 125 gallons water capacity may be next to the building they
serve when in compliance with B,C and D below.
B. DOT specification containers shall be located and installed so that the discharge from
the container pressure-relief device is at least 3 feet horizontally away from any
building opening below the level of such discharge and shall not be beneath any
building unless the space is well ventilated to the outside and is not enclosed for
more than 50 percent of its perimeter.The discharge from container pressure-relief
devices shall be located not less than 5 feet in any direction away from any exterior
source of ignition,openings into direct-vent(sealed combustion system)appliances
or mechanical ventilation air intakes.
C. ASME containers of less than 125 gallons water capacity shall be located and installed
so that the discharge from pressure-relief devices shall not terminate in or beneath
any building and shall be located at least 5 feet horizontally away from any building
opening below the level of such discharge and not less than 5 feet in any direction
away from any exterior source of ignition,openings into direct-vent(sealed com-
bustion system)appliances,or mechanical ventilation air intakes.
D. The filling connection and the vent from liquid level gauges on either DOT or ASME
containers filled at the point of installation shall not be less than 10 feet in any
direction away from any exterior source of ignition, openings into direct-vent
(sealed combustion system)appliances,or mechanical ventilation air intakes.
6This distance may be reduced to not less than 10 feet for a single container of 1,200 gallons
water capacity or less,provided such container is at least 25 feet from any other LP-gas
container of more than 125 gallons water capacity.
Prohibited Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Sec.82.105.(a)Nonapproved Equipment.Liquefied petroleum gas shall not
be used for the purpose of operating any device or equipment unless such
equipment or device is approved for use with a liquefied petroleum gas.
(b)Release to the Atmosphere.Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be released
to the atmosphere except through an approved liquid-level gauge or other ap-
proved device.
Dispensing and Overfilling
Sec. 82.106. (a) Attendants. The dispensing of liquefied petroleum gases
shall be performed by a qualified attendant.
380
1988 EDITION 82.106-82.111
EXCEPTION: An attendant is not required for a liquefied petroleum gas-
dispensing system,including key,code and card-lock dispensing systems,which is
not open to the public and which is limited to the filling of permanently mounted fuel
tanks on LP-gas-powered vehicles,provided the system is in accordance with the
following:
1.The system is provided with an emergency shutoff switch to be located within
75 feet but not less than 25 feet from the dispenser.
2.The system's site shall be provided with a fire alarm transmitting device.Such a
device may be a telephone.
3.Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Article 10.
4.Operating instructions shall be posted and maintained in an appropriate loca-
tion.
5.The owner of the dispensing facility shall be accountable for the safe operation
of the system and the training of the users thereof.
(b) Self-service Dispensing. A self-service liquefied petroleum gas-
dispensing operation open to the public is prohibited.
(c)Overfilling.A person shall not fill or maintain a liquefied petroleum gas
container with liquefied petroleum gas in excess of the fixed outage gauge
installed by the manufacturer or the weight stamped on the tank.
(d)Dispensing Locations.The point of transfer of LP gas from a container to
another shall be separated from exposures as specified in U.EC.Standard No.82-1,
Section 4-3.
Safety Devices
Sec. 82.107. A person shall not tamper with or make ineffective the safety
devices of any liquefied petroleum gas container,equipment or system.
Smoking and Other Sources of Ignition
Sec.82.108.The chief may require the posting of NO SMOKING signs. No
person shall smoke or allow smoking within 15 feet of a point of transfer while
filling operations are in progress at containers or vehicles.
For control of other sources of ignition refer to U.F.C. Standard No. 82-1,
Section 3-8.
Clearance to Combustibles
Sec.82.109.All weeds,grass,brush,trash or other combustible material shall
be kept a minimum of 10 feet away from all LP-gas tanks or containers.
Protecting Containers from Vehicles
Sec.82.110.When exposed to probable vehicular damage due to proximity to,
alleys,driveways or parking areas,LP-gas containers,regulators and piping shall
be suitably protected.
Fire Protection
Sec. 82.111. (a)General. Fire protection shall be provided for installations
having storage containers of more than 4,000 gallons water capacity as required
by U.F.C.Standard No.82-1,Section 3-10.
381
82.111-82.112 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(b)Fire Extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall be provided as specified in
U.F.C.Standard No.82-1 and in accordance with U.F.C.Standard No. 10-1
Storage of Portable Containers Awaiting Resale
Sec. 82.112. (a)Scope. The provisions of this section are applicable to the
storage of portable containers of 1,000 pounds or less,whether filled,partially
filled or empty(if they have been in LP-gas service)as follows:
1. At consumer sites or distributing points,but not connected for use.
2. In storage for resale by dealer or reseller.
3. This section does not apply to containers at distributing plants.
(b) General Location of Containers. 1. Containers in storage shall be so
located as to minimize exposure to excessive temperature rise,physical damage
or tampering.
2. Containers in storage having individual water capacity greater than 21/2
pounds (nominal 1-pound LP-gas capacity) shall be positioned such as the
pressure-relief valve is in direct communication with the vapor space of the
container.
3. Containers stored in buildings in accordance with Sections(d)and(f)shall
not be located near exits,stairways,or in areas normally used,or intended to be
used,for the safe egress of people.
4. Empty containers which have been in LP-gas service shall be considered as
full containers for the purposes of determining the maximum quantities of LP gas
permitted in Subsections(d)and(f).
5. Containers not connected for use shall not be stored on roofs.
(c)Protection of Valves on Containers in Storage.Container valves shall be
protected by screw-on-type caps or collars which shall be securely in place on all
containers stored regardless of whether they are full,partially full or empty,and
container outlet valves shall be closed or plugged.
(d)Storage Within Buildings Accessible to the Public. DOT specification
cyclinders with maximum water capacity of 21/2 pounds used in completely self-
contained hand torches and similar applications may be stored or displayed in a
building accessible to the public. The quantity of LP gas shall not exceed 200
pounds except as provided in Subsection(f).
(e)Storage Within Buildings not Accessible to the Public. 1.The maximum
quantity allowed in one storage location in buildings not accessible to the public,
such as industrial buildings shall not exceed 735 pounds water capacity(nominal
300 pounds LP gas).If additional storage locations are required on the same floor
within the same building, they shall be separated by a minimum of 300 feet.
Storage beyond these limitations shall comply with Subsection(f).
2. Containers carried as part of service equipment on highway mobile vehicles
are not to be considered in the total storage capacity in Subsection 1 above,
provided such vehicles are stored in private garages and carry not more than three
LP-gas containers with a total aggregate LP-gas capacity not exceeding 100
pounds per vehicle.Container valves shall be closed.
382
1988 EDITION 82.112-82.113
(f) Storage Within Rooms Used for Gas Manufacturing. Storage within
buildings or rooms used for gas manufacturing,gas storage,gas-air mixing and
vaporization,and compressors not associated with liquid transfer.
1. The maximum quantity of LP gas shall be 10,000 pounds.
2. The construction of such buildings and rooms shall comply with Chapter 9
of the Uniform Building Code, U.F.C. Standard No. 82-1, Chapter 7, and the
following:
A. Adequate vents, to the outside only, shall be provided at both top and
bottom,located at least 5 feet away from any building opening.
B. The entire area shall be classified for the purposes of ignition source control
in accordance with U.F.C.Standard No.82-1,Section 3-8.
(g)Location of Storage Outside of Buildings. Storage outside of buildings,
for containers awaiting use or resale,shall be located in accordance with Table No.
82.112.
TABLE NO.82.112
DISTANCES TO A BUILDING OR
GROUP OF BUILDINGS,PUBLIC
GUANITY OF WAY,OR LINE OF PROPERTY
LP GAS STORED THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON
(Feet)
500 lb.or less 0
500 to 2,500 lb. 101
2,500 to 6,000 lb. 15
6,000 to 10,000 lb. 20
Over 10,000 lb. 25
Note: At the discretion of the chief, containers may be located a lesser distance to
buildings.
(h) Protection of Containers. Containers shall be stored within a suitable
enclosure or otherwise protected against tampering.
(i)Alternate Location and Protection of Storage. When the provisions of
Sections (g) and (h) are impractical at construction sites, or at buildings or
structures undergoing major renovation or repairs,the storage of containers shall
be acceptable to the chief.
Containers Not in Service
Sec.82.113.(a)Temporarily Out of Service.Containers whose normal use
has been temporarily discontinued shall:
1. Be disconnected from appliance piping.
2. Have all container outlets,except relief valves,closed or plugged.
3. Be positioned so relief valve is in direct communication with container
vapor space.
(b)Permanently Out of Service.Containers to be placed permanently out of
service shall be removed from the site to a location approved by the chief.
WENS
383
82.114 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Parking and Garaging
Sec.82.114.The parking and garaging of tank vehicles used for the transporta-
tion of liquefied petroleum gases shall be as specified in U.F.C.Standard No.82-
1,Section 6-6.
The garaging of vehicles with LP-gas fuel systems may be stored or serviced as
specified in U.F.C.Standard No.82-1,Section 3-6.6.
384
Section 82.113(b), page 383. Revise as follows:
(b)PERMANENTLY OUT OF SERVICE. Containers to be placed
permanently out of service shall be removed from the site.
383.1
1988 EDITION 83.101-83.105
ARTICLE 83
MATCHES
Permits
Sec.83.101.For a permit to manufacture or store more than 60 matchman's
gross(14,400 matches each gross)of matches,see Section 4.108.
Wholesale Storage
Sec.83.102.(a)At wholesale establishments and wherever matches exceeding
60 matchman's gross are stored,shipping containers containing matches shall be
arranged in piles not exceeding 10 feet in height nor 1500 cubic feet in volume
with aisles at least 4 feet wide.
(b)Where other materials or commodities are stored on the same floor with
matches,a portion of the room shall be devoted to match storage exclusively and a
clear space of not less than 4 feet maintained between match storage and such
other materials.or commodities.
Storage Not to Be Near Vertical Openings
Sec.83.103.Matches shall not be stored within 10 feet of any open elevator
shaft,elevator.shaft opening,open stairway or other vertical opening.
Match Bins Required
Sec.83.104. Where shipping containers containing matches are opened, the
contents of such broken containers shall be removed and stored in metal or metal-
lined bins equipped with self-closing metal or metal-lined covers.
Storage by Retailers
Sec.83.105.Where matches are sold at retail,original sealed packages may be
stored on shelves. When such packages are broken, individual boxes shall be
stored in metal or metal-lined bins as described in Section 83.104.
385
84.101-84.105 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
ARTICLE 84
MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION
Scope
Sec. 84.101. The provisions of this article shall apply where ribbon-type
cellulose acetate or other safety film is used in conjunction with electric arc,
xenon or other light-source projection equipment which develops hazardous
gases,dust or radiation.
The provisions of this article shall apply to the projection of ribbon-type
cellulose nitrate film regardless of the light source used in projection.
Projection Room
Sec.84.102.(a)Every motion picture projection machine used for projecting
film regulated under Section 84.101 shall be operated within a motion picture
projection room complying with the requirements of the Building Code.
(b)Projection rooms which are limited to the projection of safety film shall be
posted on the outside of each projection room door and within the projection room
itself with a conspicuous sign with 1-inch block letters stating SAFETY FILM
ONLY IS PERMITTED IN THIS ROOM.
(c)There shall be installed and maintained ready for use in every projection
room not less than two approved fire extinguishers with at least a 10-B:C rating.
Smoking
Sec.84.103.A person shall not smoke or maintain any other source of ignition
within any projection room in which cellulose nitrate film is permitted,nor shall
the operator or manager of the premises permit any person to smoke or to maintain
any other source of ignition within said projection room. Conspicuous NO
SMOKING signs shall be posted in such a room.
Projection Equipment
Sec. 84.104. A person owning, controlling or managing any motion picture
projection equipment shall not use or permit the use of projection equipment or
film which is in a hazardous condition.
Film Storage and Use
Sec.84.105.(a)Cellulose nitrate film may not be used or stored except within
an enclosed film magazine, an approved storage cabinet or transportation con-
tainer.Rewinding of cellulose nitrate film shall be done within an enclosed film
rewind machine. Examination of film may be done on an open hand rewind
machine with not more than one reel outside an approved container at any time.
(b)Safety film which is not mounted for projection shall be stored in approved
transportation containers or an approved film cabinet.
386
1988 EDITION 85.101-85.103
ARTICLE 85
ELECTRICAL
Scope.
Sec.85.101. This article applies to the permanent or temporary use of electri-
cal appliances,fixtures,motor or wiring.
EXCEPTION: Low-voltage wiring,such as communications and signal wiring.
This article shall be enforced in cooperation with the authority having jurisdic-
tion for the enforcement of the Electrical Code.
Definitions
Sec. 85.102. For the purposes of this article, certain terms are defined as
follows:
APPLIANCE or FIXTURE is a device or machine that is operated by
electricity to perform a specific task or function and shall be known as:
(a) Fixed:An appliance or fixture which is fastened or otherwise secured at a
specific location.
(b) Portable:An appliance or fixture which is actually moved or can easily be
moved from one place to another in normal use.
(c) Stationary: An appliance or fixture which is not easily moved from one
place to another in normal use.
EXTENSION CORD(portable flexible cord)is wiring of any length which
has one male connector on one end and one or more female connectors on the
other.
FLEXIBLE CORD is wiring which is attached.to an appliance or fixture in
accordance with the manufacturer's design for the purpose of attaching to a
receptacle for power supply.
MULTIPLUG ADAPTER is any device that plugs into a receptacle and
allows that receptacle to supply power to more appliances or fixtures than that for
which it was originally designed,such as cube adapters,strip plugs and multiplug
extension cords.
PERMANENT WIRING is any wiring affixed to a structure in accordance
with the Electrical Code.
RECEPTACLE is an electrical outlet designed for use with a plug or connector
for the purpose of supplying electrical power to an appliance or fixture.
TEMPORARY WIRING is wiring installed in an approved manner for a
specified period when approved by the authority enforcing the Electrical Code.
Use of Temporary Wiring
Sec.85.103.(a)During Construction.Temporary wiring for electrical power
and lighting installations shall be permitted during the period of construction,
remodeling, repair or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or similar
activities.
(b) During Special Events and Holidays. Temporary wiring for electrical
power and lighting installations shall be permitted for a period not to exceed 90
387
85.103-85.109 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
days for Christmas decorative lighting, carnivals and similar purposes, and for
experimental or developmental work.
(c) Attachment to Structures. When temporary wiring is attached to a
structure,it shall be attached in an approved manner.
Abatement of Electrical Hazards
Sec. 85.104. When any electrical hazards are identified, measures to abate
such conditions shall be taken. All identified hazardous electrical conditions in
permanent wiring shall be brought to the attention of the authority enforcing the
Electrical Code.
Electrical Motors
Sec.85.105.All electrical motors shall be maintained in a manner free from
accumulations of oil, dirt, waste and other debris which will interfere with
required motor ventilation or create a fire hazard.
Extension Cords
Sec. 85.106. (a) Prohibited Use. Extension cords shall not be used as a
substitute for permanent wiring.
(b)Use with Portable Appliances. Extension cords are permitted only with
portable appliances or fixtures, while in immediate use,in accordance with the
following:
1. Each extension cord shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle
and shall,except for approved multiplug extension cords, serve only one
appliance or fixture.
2. The current capacity of the cord shall be not less than the rated capacity of
the appliance or fixture.
3. The extension cord is maintained in good condition without splices,
deterioration or damage.
4. The extension cord is of the grounded type when servicing grounded
appliances or fixtures.
(c) Installation. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be affixed to
structures,extend through walls,ceilings,floors,under doors or floor coverings,
nor be subject to environmental damage or physical impact.
Multiplug Adapters
Sec.85.107.The use of multiplug adapters such as multiplug extension cords,
cube adapters,strip plugs or any other device that does not comply with this code
or the Electrical Code is prohibited.
Access
Sec.95.108.A minimum of 30 inches of clearance shall be provided in front of
electrical control panels for access.
Nonapproved Appliances
Sec.85.109.Electrical appliances or fixtures shall not be sold,offered for sale
or rent,disposed of by gift or premium,nor made available for use or used unless
they are of an approved type.
388
1988 EDITION 86.101-86.102
ARTICLE 86
PESTICIDES-STORAGE
Scope
Sec.86.101.This division shall apply to both inside and outside storage of all
forms of pesticides in portable containers other than fixed installation on trans-
portation equipment.
�XC5EPTIONS: 1.Highly toxic pesticides,see Article 80.
.Storage in dwellings or private garages of pesticides registered by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency for use around the home.Such pesticides are registered
under the Federal Insecticide,Fungicide and Rodenticide Act of 1945(FIFRA)as
amended by the Federal Economic Poison Control Act of 1972.
General Requirements
Sec.86.102(a)Containment of Hose Stream Runoff.Pesticide storage shall
be located or constructed so that runoff from fire-fighting operations will not
contaminate streams,ponds,groundwaters,croplands,pasture land or buildings.
(b)Flammable or Combustible.Pesticides that are flammable or combustible
liquids shall be stored in accordance with the provisions of Article 79.
(c)Oxidizers.Pesticides that are oxidizing agents shall be stored in accordance
with Article 80.
(d) Storage with Ammonium Nitrate. Pesticides shall not be stored in the
same area with ammonium nitrate fertilizer.
(e)Storage Methods.Pesticides shall be stored in accordance with the recom-
mendations of the manufacturer.Storage of pesticides shall be arranged according -
to compatibility.Unless otherwise required by this code,incompatible materials
shall be separated by not less than 4 feet measured horizontally. e
(f)Location of Storage.Pesticides shall not be stored in basements.
Pesticide storage shall be restricted to a first-story room or area which has direct
access to the outside without passing through intervening rooms or corridors.
EXCEPTION:A facility used exclusively for pesticide storage.
(g)Storage on Damp Floors.Pesticides in containers which could be damaged
by moisture or water shall be stored off the floor. '
(h) Damaged Containers. Leaking or damaged containers of pesticides or
materials contaminated by pesticides shall be immediately segregated and dis-
posed of or decontaminated in accordance with regulatory requirements,manu-
facturer's instructions or recommended industry practice.
(i)Toxicity Data.Material safety data sheets for each toxic pesticide shall be
available at each storage location.
0)Shelving. Storage and display shelving shall be of stable construction,of
sufficient depth and of such arrangement that containers will not be easily
displaced.When practical,shelving shall be secured to the wall.
389
86.103-86.108 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Signs
Sec. 86.103.(a) Identification of Buildings, Rooms or Areas. Pesticide
storage buildings,storage rooms or storage areas shall be identified by prominent
and legible signs in accordance with U.F.C.Standard No.79-3.
(b)Container Labels. Each group of pesticide containers shall have labels
visible to readily permit identification.
Fire Protection
Sec. 86.104. Storage facilities shall be protected in accordance with the
provisions of Article 10.
Emergency Management
Sec.86.105.Emergency preplanning and post-fire management shall be estab-
lished and displayed to assist in proper action.
Display
Sec. 86.106. The quantity of pesticides in rooms or areas accessible to the
public shall be limited to that needed for display.Drums and large packages shall
be stacked in a safe manner.
Storage Areas
Sec.86.107.(a)Designating Areas.A separate building,room,portion of a
building or outside area shall be designated as the pesticide storage area.
(b)Security.The storage area shall be secured in such a manner as to prevent
unauthorized entry.
Pesticides Stored as Compressed Gases
Sec.86.108.(a)Sources of Heat.Compressed gas pesticides shall be stored
away from heat(steam pipes,heaters,direct sun).
(b)Anchoring.All compressed gas cylinders in service or in storage shall be
adequately secured to prevent their falling or being knocked over.
(c)Closing Containers and Safety Cap.Containers shall be tightly closed and
provided with a safety cap when not in use,whether empty or full.
(d) Separation from Other Gases. Pesticide containers shall be separated
from other compressed gases by pipe railings or other effective means.
390
Section 86.101, page 389. Revise the exception as follows:
1. Highly toxic pesticides, see Article 80.
2. Storage in dwellings or private garages of pesticides
registered by the Environmental Protection Agency for
use around the home. Such pesticides are registered
under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act as amended by the Federal Environmental Pesticide
Control Act of 1972 and the Federal Pesticide Act of
1979.
389.1
1988 EDITION 87.101-87.103
ARTICLE 87
FIRE SAFETY DURING
CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION
OR DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING
Scope
Sec.87.101.Any building undergoing construction,alteration or demolition
shall comply with the provisions of this article.
Approval
Sec.87.102.Approval of the safety precautions required for buildings being
constructed, altered or demolished may be required in addition to any other
approval required for a specific operation or process associated with such con-
struction,alteration or demolition.
EXCEPTION: Group R, Division 3 and Group M, Divisions 1 and 2
Occupancies.
Fire Safety During Construction
Sec.87.103.(a)General.Buildings under construction shall comply with the
provisions of this section.
(b) Access Roads. Fire department access roads shall be established and
maintained in accordance with Section 10.207 of this code.
EXCEPTION:When approved by the fire chief,temporary access roads of a
width,vertical clearance and surface such as to permit access by fire department
apparatus may be permitted until permanent roads are installed.
(c)Water Supply.Water mains and hydrants shall be installed and be opera-
tional in accordance with the provisions of Sections 10.301(c),(e)and(f)of this
code.
EXCEPTION:When approved by the fire chief,temporary water supply for fire
protection may be permitted, pending installation of permanent fire-protection
systems.
(d)Fire Extinguishers and Standpipes. 1.General.During the construction s
of a building and until the permanent fire-extinguishing system has been installed
and is in service,fire protection shall be provided in accordance with this section. B
2. Fire extinguishers.The chief may designate the number and type of fire
extinguishers to be provided for all buildings under construction. The type of
appliance shall be suitable for fire associated with the hazards present.
3. Where required. Every building six stories or more in height shall be
provided with not less than one standpipe for use during construction. Such B
standpipes shall be installed when the progress of construction is not more than 50
feet in height above grade.Such standpipe shall be provided with fire department B
hose connections at accessible locations adjacent to usable stairs and the stand-
pipe outlets shall be located adjacent to such usable stairs.Such standpipe systems B
shall be extended as construction progresses to within one floor of the highest
point of construction having secured decking or flooring. B
391
87.103 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
In each floor there shall be provided a 2�/z-inch valve outlet for fire department
B use.Where construction height requires installation of a Class III standpipe,fire
pumps and water main connections shall be provided to serve the standpipe.
B 4.Temporary standpipes.Temporary standpipes may be provided in place of
permanent systems if they are designed to furnish 75 gallons of water per minute
1at 50 pounds per square inch pressure with a standpipe size of not less than 4
B inches.All outlets shall be not less than 2�/2 inches.Pumping equipment sufficient
to provide this pressure and volume shall be available at all times when a Class III
B standpipe system is required.
1 5. Detailed requirements. Standpipe systems for buildings under con-
s struction shall be installed as required for permanent standpipe systems.
(e)Combustible Debris.Combustible debris shall not be accumulated within
any building. Combustible debris,rubbish and waste material shall be removed
from the building as often as practical. Combustible debris, waste material or
trash shall not be burned on the site unless approved.
(f)Motor Equipment.Intemal-combustion-powered construction equipment
shall be used in accordance with the following:
1. Equipment shall be located so that exhausts do not discharge against
combustible material.
2. Whenever possible,exhausts shall be piped to the outside of the building.
3. Equipment shall not be refueled while in operation.
4. Fuel for equipment shall be stored in an approved area outside of the
building.
(g)Heating Devices.Temporary heating devices shall be of a type approved by
the fire chief, located away from combustible materials and attended and main-
tained by competent personnel.
(h)Smoking.Smoking shall be prohibited,except in those areas approved by
the fire chief.When required by the fire chief,a suitable number and type of NO
SMOKING signs shall be posted.
(i)Cutting and Welding. Cutting and welding operations shall be in accor-
dance with the provisions of Article 49 of this code.
0) Flame-producing Equipment. The use of torches or flame-producing
devices for the sweating of pipe joints shall be in accordance with Section 11.408
of this code.
(k)Flammable Liquids.The storage,handling and use of flammable liquids
shall be in accordance with Article 79 of this code.Ventilation shall be provided
for operations utilizing the application of materials containing flammable sol-
vents.Open-flame devices or other sources of ignition shall not be located in an
area where flammable materials are being used.
(1) Asphalt and 'Par Kettles. Asphalt and tar kettles shall be located and
operated in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.403 of this code.
(m)Temporary Electrical Wiring.Temporary electrical wiring shall comply
with the provisions of Article 85 of this code.
(n)Building Access.When required by the fire chief,access to the building for
392
1988 EDITION 87.103-87.105
the purpose of fire fighting shall be provided. Construction material shall not
block access to the building,hydrants or other fire appliances.
(o)Emergency Telephone.When required by the fire chief,telephone facili-
ties shall be provided at the construction site for the purpose of emergency
notification of the fire department.The street address of the construction site shall
be posted adjacent to the telephone together with the fire department telephone
number.
(p)Fire-protection Plan. When required by the fire chief, a fire-protection
plan shall be established.
Alterations of Buildings
Sec.87.104.(a)General.Alterations of buildings shall be in accordance with
the Building Code,applicable provisions of Section 87.103,and this section.
(b)Fire-protection Systems.When the building is protected by fire-protection
systems, such systems shall be maintained operational at all times during
alteration.
When alteration requires modification of a portion of a system,the remainder
of the system shall be kept in service.When it is necessary to shut down the entire
system,a fire watch shall be kept on site until the system is returned to service.
(c)Exits.All required exit components shall be maintained in accordance with
Article 12.
EXCEPTION: Approved temporary exiting system or facilities may be
provided.
(d) Fire-resistive Assemblies and Construction. Fire-resistive assemblies
and construction shall be maintained in accordance with Sections 10.401 and
10.402(a).
Fire Safety During Demolition
Sec. 87.105. (a) General. Demolition of buildings shall comply with the
provisions of this section and,where applicable,Sections 87.103 and 87.104.
(b)Automatic Sprinkler System.When a building to be demolished contains
a sprinkler system, such system shall not be rendered inoperative without
approval of the chief.
(c)Fire Hose. Suitable fire hose as required by the fire chief shall be main-
tained at the demolition site.Such hose shall be connected to an approved source
of water and in a manner so as not to impede fire department use of hydrants.
(d)Cutting and Welding.Demolition operations involving the use of cutting
and welding shall be done in accordance with Section 49.107 of this code.
(e) Burning of Combustible Waste. Combustible waste material, trash or
rubbish shall not be burned at the demolition site,unless approved. Accumula-
tions of such material shall be removed from the site as often as necessary to
minimize the hazards therefrom.
(f)Fire Guards.When in the opinion of the chief the demolition of a building
is of a hazardous nature,the chief may require qualified personnel to serve as on-
site fire guards. The sole duty of such fire guards shall be to watch for the
occurrence of fire.
393
APPENDIX I-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
B APPENDIX
B Division I
B REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO
s
EXISTING BUILDINGS
s
APPENDIX I-A
LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING
. BUILDINGS OTHER THAN HIGH RISE
B 1. GENERAL
I (a)Purpose.The purpose of this appendix is to provide a reasonable degree of
BB safety to persons occupying existing buildings by providing for alterations to such
existing buildings which do not conform with the minimum requirements of this
I code.
B EXCEPTION:Group R,Division 3;Group M;and high-rise occupancies.
(b)Effective Date.Within 18 months after the effective date of this appendix,
B plans for compliance shall be submitted and approved, and within 18 months
I thereafter the work shall be completed or the building shall be vacated until made
B to conform.
B 2. EXITS
I (a) Number of Exits. Every floor above the first story used for human
B occupancy shall have access to at least two separate exits,one of which may be an
I exterior fire escape complying with Subsection(d)of this section.Subject to the
B approval of the chief, an approved ladder device may be used in lieu of a fire
I escape when the construction feature or location of the building on the property
B makes the installation of a fire escape impracticable.
I EXCEPTION:In all occupancies,second stories with an occupant load of 10 or
B less may have one exit.
I
B An exit ladder device when used in lieu of a fire escape shall conform with
I U.B.C. Standard No. 33-3 and the following:
B 1. Serves an occupant load of 10 or less or a single dwelling unit or guest
B room.
2. The building does not exceed three stories in height.
B 3. The access is adjacent to an opening as specified for emergency egress or
rescue or from a balcony.
BB 4. Shall not pass in front of any building opening below the unit being served.
5. The availability of activating the device for the ladder is accessible only
from the opening or balcony served.
B 6. So installed that it will not cause a person using it to be within 6 feet of
exposed electrical wiring.
B (b) Stair Construction. All required stairs shall have a minimum run of 9
394
17.56.270 Adopt Appendix I-A amended--Life safety
requirements for existing buildings other than high rise.
Appendix I-A sections l(a), 2(c),
l(a) General . EXCEPTION: Group R, Division 1 less than
seven (7) units, Group R, Division 3; Group M; and high rise
occupancies.
2(c) Corridors. EXCEPTION: Existing corridor walls,
ceilings, and protection for openings not in compliance with
the above may be permitted when such buildings are equipped
with an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout to
comply with the standards and specifications of the Huntington
Beach Fire Department.
394.1
1988 EDITION APPENDIX I-A
inches and a maximum rise of 8 inches and shall have a minimum width of 30 B
inches,exclusive of handrails.Every stairway shall have at least one handrail.A I
landing having a minimum 30-inch run in the direction of travel shall be provided
at each point of access to the stairway.
EXCEPTION:Fire escapes as provided for in this section. B
Exterior stairs shall be of noncombustible construction.
EXCEPTION:On buildings of Types III,IV and V,provided the exterior stairs
are constructed of wood not less than 2-inch nominal thickness. B
(c)Corridors.Corridors of Groups A,B,E,I,H and R,Division 1 Occupan-
cies serving as an exit for an occupant load of 30 or more shall have walls and B
ceilings of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction as required by the
Building Code. Existing walls surfaced with wood lath and plaster in.good B
condition or 1/2-inch gypsum wallboard or openings with fixed wired glass set in
steel frames are permitted for corridor walls and ceilings and occupancy separa- B a`-
tions when approved.Doors opening into such corridors shall be protected by 20- s
minute fire assemblies or solid wood doors not less than 13/4 inches thick.Where I
the existing frame will not accommodate the 13/a-inch-thick door,a 13/8-inch-thick B W
solid bonded wood core door or equivalent insulated steel door shall be permitted. I u
Doors shall be self-closing or automatic-closing by smoke detection. Transoms B
and openings other than doors from corridors to rooms shall comply with Section
3305 (h)of the Building Code or shall be covered with a minimum of 3/4-inch .B
plywood or 1/2-inch gypsum wallboard or equivalent material on the room side.
B
EXCEPTION: Existing corridor walls,ceilings and opening protection not in
compliance with the above may be continued when such buildings are protected with B
an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout.Such sprinkler system may be
supplied from the domestic water system if it is of adequate volume and pressure. B
(d)Fire Escapes. 1. Existing fire escapes which in the opinion of the chief
comply with the intent of this section may be used as one of the required exits.The B
location and anchorage of fire escapes shall be of approved design and I
construction. B
2.Fire escapes shall comply with the following: I
Access from a corridor shall not be through an intervening room. B
All openings within 10 feet shall be protected by three-fourths-hour fire I
assemblies.When located within a recess or vestibule,adjacent enclosure walls B
shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction.
Egress from the building shall be by a clear opening having a minimum
dimension of not less than 29 inches. Such openings shall be openable from the B
inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort. The sill of an
opening giving access shall be not more than 30 inches above the floor of the B
building or balcony.
Fire escape stairways and balconies shall support the dead load plus a live load B
of not less than 100 pounds per square foot and shall be provided with a top and
intermediate handrail on each side.The pitch of the stairway shall not exceed 60
degrees with a minimum width of 18 inches.Treads shall be not less than 4 inches
in width and the rise between treads shall not exceed 10 inches. All stair and B
395
APPENDIX 1-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
B balcony railings shall support a horizontal force of not less than 50 pounds per
I lineal foot of railing.
B Balconies shall be not less than 44 inches in width with no floor opening other
I than the stairway opening greater than 5/8 inch in width.Stairway openings in such
B balconies shall be not less than 22 inches by 44 inches. The balustrade of each
I balcony shall be not less than 36 inches high with not more than 9 inches between
B balusters.
Fire escapes shall extend to the roof or provide an approved gooseneck ladder
between the top floor landing and the roof when serving buildings four or more
B stories in height having rooms with less than 4:12 slope.Fire escape ladders shall
be designed and connected to the building to withstand a horiziontal force of 100
B pounds per lineal foot;each rung shall support a concentrated load of 500 pounds
placed anywhere on the rung.All ladders shall be at least 15 inches wide,located
B within 12 inches of the building and shall be placed flatwise relative to the face of
I the building. Ladder rungs shall be 3/4 inch in diameter and shall be located 12
B inches on center. Openings for roof access ladders through cornices and similar
projections shall have minimum dimensions of 30 inches by 33 inches.
B 'The lowest balcony shall be not more than 18 feet from the ground.Fire escapes
I shall extend to the ground or be provided with counterbalanced stairs reaching to
the ground.
B Fire escapes shall not take the place of stairways required by the codes under
I which the building was constructed.
B Fire escapes shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and maintained in
I good working order.
B (e)Exit and Fire Escape Signs.Exit signs shall be provided as required by the
I Building Code.
B EXCEPTION:The use of existing exit signs may be continued when approved
by the chief.
B All doors or windows providing access to a fire escape shall be provided with
Bfire escape signs.
I 3. ENCLOSURE OF VERTICAL SHAFTS
B Interior vertical shafts, including but not limited to stairways,elevator hoist-
I ways,service and utility shafts,shall be enclosed by a minimum of one-hour fire-
B resistive construction.All openings into such shafts shall be protected with one-
I hour fire assemblies which shall be maintained self-closing or be automatic
B closing by smoke detection. All other openings shall be fire protected in an
I approved manner.Existing fusible link-type automatic door closing devices may
be permitted if the fusible link rating does not exceed 135°F.
B EXCEPTIONS: 1.In other than Group I Occupancies,an enclosure will not be
required for openings serving only one adjacent floor.
2.Stairways need not be enclosed in a continuous vertical shaft if each story is
B
I separated from other stories by one-hour fire-resistive construction or approved
wired glass set in steel frames.In addition,all exit corridors shall be sprinklered and
B the openings between the corridor and occupant space have at least one sprinkler
head above the openings on the tenant side.The sprinkler system may be supplied
B from the domestic water supply if of adequate volume and pressure.
396
1988 EDITION APPENDIX I-A
3. Vertical openings need not be protected if the building is protected by an
approved automatic sprinkler system. B
4. BASEMENT ACCESS OR SPRINKLER PROTECTION s
An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in basements or
stories exceeding 1500 square feet in area and not having a minimum of 20 square B
feet of opening entirely above the adjoining ground level in each 50 lineal feet or
fraction thereof of exterior wall on at least one side of the building.Openings shall B
have a minimum clear dimension of 30 inches.
If any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet from required
openings,the basement shall be provided with an approved automatic sprinkler
system throughout. B
1
5. STANDPIPES B
Any buildings over four stories in height shall be provided with an approved '
Class I or Class III standpipe system.
6. SMOKE DETECTORS -
(a) General.Dwelling units and hotel or lodging house guest rooms that are
used for sleeping purposes shall be provided with smoke detectors. Detectors
shall be installed in accordance with the approved manufacturer's instructions.
(b) Power Source.Smoke detectors may be battery operated or may receive
their primary power from the building wiring when such wiring is served from a
commercial source. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting
switch other than those required for over-current protection.
(c) Locations Within Dwelling Units. In dwelling units, detectors shall be
mounted on the ceiling or wall at a point centrally located in the corridor or area
giving access to each separate sleeping area. Where sleeping rooms are on an
upper level,the detector shall be placed at the center of the ceiling directly above =_
the stairway.Detectors shall also be installed in the basement of dwelling units
having a stairway which opens from the basement into the dwelling. Detectors
shall sound an alarm audible in all sleeping areas of the dwelling unit in which they =
are located.
(d) Location in Efficiency Dwelling Units and Hotels. In efficiency dwell-
ing units,hotel suites and in hotel sleeping rooms,detectors shall be located on the
ceiling or wall of the main room or hotel sleeping room. When sleeping rooms
within an efficiency dwelling unit or hotel suite are on an upper level,the detector
shall be placed at the center of the ceiling directly above the stairway. When
actuated,the detector shall sound an alarm audible within the sleeping area of the
dwelling unit,hotel suite or sleeping room in which it is located.
7. SEPARATION OF OCCUPANCIES
Occupancy separations shall be provided as specified in Section 503 of the
Building Code. When approved by the chief, existing wood lath and plaster in
good condition or�h-inch gypsum wallboard may be acceptable where one-hour B
occupancy separations are required.
B
397
APPENDIX I-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE
APPENDIX 1-13
LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
2.1 GENERAL
(a)Purpose.The purpose of this appendix is to provide a reasonable degree of
safety to persons occupying existing high-rise buildings by requiring minimum
standards for exit corridors,exit stairways and elevator shafts,monitored alarm
systems and emergency plans.
(b)Scope.The requirements shall apply to all high-rise buildings constructed
prior to the adoption date of this appendix which have floors used for human
occupancy located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of approved fire
department vehicle access or other physical configuration that qualifies a building
as high rise by local ordinance.
(c)Permits Required. 1.Building permits shall be obtained as required by the
Building Code.
2. Not less than 30 days prior to submitting plans for a building permit, a
preplan review meeting shall be held,including the owner's design team,building
official and the chief, to determine the adequacy of the life-safety emergency
systems concept for the building. The life-safety emergency systems shall be
reflected on the plans for the building and become a permanent part of the building
department's records.The building official and the chief may require sufficient
documentation, based upon engineering analysis, that the concept meets the
intent of nationally recognized good practices and such guidelines as the building
official and chief have published.
(d) Enforcement. The provisions of this appendix shall be enforced by the
chief.
(e)Compliance.All buildings shall be made to conform with the requirements
of Section 2.2 within the following time periods:
1. Subsections(k),(1)and(m)shall be completed within six months of the
adoption date of this appendix.
2. The owners of buildings affected by this appendix or their representatives
shall submit plans to the building official showing intended methods of
compliance with Subsections(a)through 0)within six months of adoption
date of this appendix.
3. Subsections (e), (h) and (i) shall be completed within one year of the
adoption date of this appendix.
4. Subsections(a),(b),(c),(d),(f),(g)and 0)shall be completed within three
years of the adoption date of this appendix.
Note: Regardless of any specific compliance date stipulated above, a
building shall not be deemed in violation of this appendix until such date
has expired.
(f)Alternate Materials or Methods.Deviations shall not be made from these
requirements without approval of the chief.
398
1988 EDITION APPENDIX I-B
(g)Appeals.For the purpose of applying this appendix to existing buildings of
diverse design,appeals for alternate materials or methods may be directed to the
Fire Code Appeals Board.This Board shall have the authority to hear appeals and
grant necessary deviation from this appendix as follows:
1. Allow alternate materials or methods of compliance if such alternate
materials or methods of compliance will provide levels of fire and life
safety equal to or greater than those specifically set forth in this appendix.
2. Waive specific individual requirements of this appendix if it can be shown
that such requirements are not physically possible or practical.The finan-
cial cost of compliance shall not be the sole basis for waiving any specific
requirement.
3. Grant necessary extension of time where it can be shown that the specified
time periods are not physically practical or pose an undue hardship. The
Board shall not grant an extension of time for compliance to any building
owner who cannot demonstrate intent and effort to comply.
(h)Penalty.Failure to comply with Subsection(e)above is unlawful and any
person,firm or corporation,whether as principal,agent,employee or otherwise,
violating any provisions of the above requirements shall be guilty of a misde-
meanor.Such person,firm or corporation is guilty of a separate offense for each
and every day during any portion of which any violation of these requirements is
committed,continued or permitted by such person,firm or corporation.
(i)Severability. Should any section,subsection,paragraph,sentence,clause
or phrase of this appendix be declared unconstitutional or invalid for any reason,
such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of these
requirements.
2.2 REQUIREMENTS
(a) Automatic Sprinklers. All required exit corridors, stairwells, elevator
lobbies,public assembly areas occupied by 100 or more persons and commercial
kitchens shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system meeting the
design criteria of U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1.A minimum of one sprinkler head
shall be provided on the room side of every corridor opening.
EXCEPTION: Sprinkler heads may be omitted in stairwells of noncombustible
construction.
(b)Corridor Doors.All doors opening into required exit corridors shall be in
conformance with the Building Code.
EXCEPTION:Existing 13A-inch bonded,solid-core wood doors,if equipped
with self-closures,need not be replaced.
(c)Corridor Openings. All openings into required exit corridor, other than
doors,shall be in conformance with the Building Code.
(d) Exit Stairways. All high-rise buildings shall have a minimum of two
approved exit stairways.
(e)Exit Stairwell Doors.All stairwell doors which are to be locked from the
stairwell side shall automatically unlock, without unlatching, when the alarm
system activates.
399
APPENDIX I-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(f) Elevator Lobby Separation. All elevators on all floors shall open into
elevator lobbies which are separated from the remainder of the building as is
required for corridor construction in the Building Code.
(g)Elevator Recall.All automatic elevators shall be equipped for emergency
operation in conformance with the Building Code.
(h)Fire Alarm Systems. All high-rise buildings shall have an alarm system
meeting the requirements of this section.All required fire alarm systems shall be
designed to be heard clearly by all occupants within the building but in no case
shall it be less than 60 db or 15 db above ambient noise levels,as measured in the A
scale,.within all habitable areas of the building.All required alarm systems shall
operate automatically by smoke or products of combustion detectors and by
manual pull stations as approved by the chief.
(i)Fire Alarm Supervision.All fire alarm systems shall be connected to an
approved central station or the local fire department dispatch office in con-
formance with the Fire Code as approved by the chief.
0)Exit Illumination. Exits shall be illuminated at any time the building is
occupied with lights having an intensity of not less than 1 footcandle at floor level.
Such lighting shall have an independent alternate source of supply such as an
emergency battery pack.
(k)Emergency Plan. The management for all buildings shall establish and
maintain a written fire and life safety emergency plan which has been approved by
the chief.The chief shall develop written criteria and guidelines upon which all
plans shall be based.
(1)Posting of Emergency Plan and Exit Plans.Copies of the emergency plan
and exiting plans(including elevator and stairway placarding)shall be posted in
locations approved by the chief.
(m)Fire Drills.The management of all buildings shall conduct fire drills for
their staff and employees at least every 120 days. The fire department must be
advised of such drills at least 24 hours in advance.A written record of each drill
shall be maintained in the building management office and made available to the
fire department for review.
400
1988 EDITION APPENDIX I-C
APPENDIX I-C ��
STAIRWAY IDENTIFICATION
1. PURPOSE
The purpose of this appendix is to provide information to the occupants and fire
department personnel to ensure that they do not become confused during emer-
gencies,by requiring that standardized signs be installed in stairways to inform
the user which stair landing he is on and the upper and lower termination of the
stairway.
2. SCOPE
The provisions of this section shall apply to new and existing buildings four or
more stories in height.
3. SIGN
(a)The sign shall be a minimum 12 inches by 12 inches.
(b)The stairway location shall be placed at the top of the sign in 1-in6h-high
Y
block lettering with'/4-inch stroke("stair No. I"or"west stair"). o;
(c)The stairway's upper terminus shall be placed under the stairway identifica- d E
tion in I-inch-high block lettering with'/4-inch stroke("roof access"or"no roof
access"). a
a
(d)The floor level number shall be placed in the middle of the sign in 5-inch-
high lettering with 3/4-inch stroke.The mezzanine levels shall have the letter"M"
preceding the floor number.Basement levels shall have the letter"B"preceding
the floor number.
(e)The lower and upper terminus of the stairway shall be placed at the bottom of
the sign in 1-inch-high block lettering with'/4-inch stroke.
(f)These signs shall be maintained in an approved manner.
Examples:
WEST STAIR
1-inch x '/4-inch
NO ROOF ACCESS
5-inch x 3/4-inch M
1-inch x'/4-inch B2 THROUGH 24
(Continued)
401
APPENDIX I-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
I,r--- 12 inches---„
STAIR 3
ROOF ACCESS
6 12 inches
1 THROUGH 12
402
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-A
Division II
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD CONTROLS
APPENDIX II-A
SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS
FIRE AREAS
1. INTENT
The unrestricted use of grass,grain,brush or forest-covered land in hazardous
fire areas is a potential menace to life and property from fire and resulting erosion.
It is therefore the intent of this appendix to provide necessary safeguards to
prevent the occurrence of fires and to provide adequate fire-protection facilities to
control the spread of fire which might be caused by recreational, residential,
commercial,industrial or other activities conducted in any hazardous fire area.
a
2. DEFINITIONS
(a) Unless otherwise expressly stated within this code, the following terms off°
shall,for the purposes of this article,have the meanings indicated by this section.
(b)TRACER shall mean any bullet or projectile incorporating a feature which a
marks or traces the flight of said bullet or projectile by flame,smoke or any other
e
means which results in fire or heat. '
(c)TRACER CHARGE shall mean any bullet or projectile incorporating-a
feature designed to create a visible or audible effect by means which result in fire
or heat and shall include any incendiary bullet or projectile.
3. AUTHORITY TO STIPULATE PERMIT CONDITIONS
The chief shall have the authority required by this appendix to stipulate
conditions as he deems necessary in all permits.If in his judgment public safety
would be better served,he may refuse to issue any such permit.
4. RESTRICTED ENTRY
The chief shall officially determine and publicly announce when any hazard-
ous fire area shall be closed to entry and when such area shall again be opened to
entry.No person other than those hereinafter expressly exempted shall go on or be
upon any hazardous fire area,except public roadways,inhabited areas or estab-
lished trails and camp sites which have not been closed during such time when the
hazardous fire area is closed to entry. It is not the intention of this section to
prohibit residents or owners of private property within any hazardous fire area or
their invitees or guests from going or being upon their lands,and such persons are
to such extent excepted from the provisions of this section.This section does not
apply to any entry, in the course of duty,by any peace or police officer,or any
other duly.authorized public officer,member of any fire department or member of
the United States Forest Service.
403
APPENDIX II-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
5. TRESPASSING ON POSTED PROPERTY PROHIBITED
(a)Whenever the chief determines that any specific area within a hazardous fire
area presents an exceptional and continuing fire danger because of the density of
natural growth,difficulty of terrain,proximity to structures or accessibility to the
public,he shall declare such area closed until changed conditions warrant termi-
nation of closure. The chief shall order any such area posted as hereinafter
provided.
(b)Approved signs prohibiting entry by unauthorized persons and referring to
this appendix shall be placed on every area ordered posted by the chief pursuant to
Section 5(a)above.
(c)No person shall enter or remain within any area closed and posted by the
chief pursuant to Section 5(a)and(b)above,provided that the following persons
shall be exempted from the provisions of this section: owners or occupiers of
private or public property within closed and posted areas,their guests or invitees;
local,state or federal public officers or their authorized agents acting in the course
of duty.
6. SMOKING PROHIBITED
No person shall light, ignite or otherwise set fire to or smoke any tobacco,
cigarette,pipe or cigar in any hazardous fire area,provided,however,that nothing
in this section shall apply to any place of habitation or within the boundaries of any
established smoking area or campsite as designated by the chief.
7. SPARK ARRESTERS REQUIRED
Each chimney used in conjunction with any fireplace,barbecue,incinerator or
any heating appliance in which solid or liquid fuel is used, upon any building,
structure or premises located within 200 feet of any hazardous fire area,shall be
maintained with a spark arrester constructed with heavy wire mesh or other
noncombustible material with openings not to exceed 1/2 inch.
8. TRACER BULLETS,TRACER CHARGES,ROCKETS AND MODEL
AIRCRAFT PROHIBITED
(a)No person shall fire or cause to be fired any tracer bullet or tracer charge into
or across any hazardous fire area,nor shall he have in his possession any tracer
bullet or tracer charge on such area.
(b)No person shall use,fire or project into or across any hazardous fire area any
rocket,model plane,glider or balloon powered with an engine,propellant or other
feature liable to start or cause fire in said area.
9. EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING
No person shall possess, keep, store, sell, offer for sale, give away, use,
discharge, transport or dispose of in any manner any explosives within any
hazardous fire area except by the authority of a written permit from the chief.
10. FIREWORKS PROHIBITED
(a)No person shall use or possess fireworks in a hazardous fire area.
404
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-A
(b)The chief shall seize,take,remove or cause to be removed all fireworks in
violation of this section.
11. APIARIES
No person shall use any lighted or smoldering material in connection with
smoking bees in or upon any hazardous fire area except by the authority of a
written permit from the chief.
12. OPEN-FLAME DEVICES
(a)No person shall operate or use any device, machine,or process such as a
welding torch,tar pot,decorative torch or any other device liable to start or cause
fire in or upon any hazardous fire area,except by the authority of a written permit
from the chief,provided,however,that no permit will be required if such use is
within habited premises or designated campsites and such uses are a minimum of
30 feet from any grass,grain,brush-or forest-covered areas.
(b)No person shall operate or use any flame-employing device such as a lantern
or kerosene road flare as a signal or marker in or upon any hazardous fire area.
This section shall not apply to or restrict the proper use of fusees at the scenes of
emergencies or as required by standard railroad operating procedures.
13. OUTDOOR FIRES
(a)No person shall build, ignite or maintain any outdoor fire of any kind or
character, or for any purpose whatsoever, in or upon any hazardous fire area,
except by the authority of a written permit from the chief. No permit will be
required for outdoor fires within habited premises or designated campsites where
such fires are built in a permanent barbecue,portable barbecue,outdoor fireplace,
incinerator or grill and are a minimum of 30 feet from any grass,grain,brush-or
forest-covered area. Such a permit shall incorporate such terms and conditions
which will reasonably safeguard public safety and property.Regardless of permit,
however,no person shall build,ignite or maintain any outdoor fire in or upon any
hazardous fire area under the following conditions:
1. When any high wind is blowing;or
2. When there is no person aged 17 or over present at all times to watch and
capable of tending such fire;or
3. Such times as public announcement is made that there shall be no open
burning.
(b)No person shall use any permanent barbecue,portable barbecue,outdoor
fireplace or grill for the disposal of rubbish,trash or combustible waste material.
14. INCINERATORS AND FIREPLACES
(a)No person shall build,install or maintain any incinerator,outdoor fireplace,
permanent barbecue or grill in any hazardous fire area without first securing
written approval of the chief.
(b)Every incinerator, outdoor fireplace,permanent barbecue or grill shall be
maintained in good repair and in a safe condition at all times.All openings in any
such appliance shall be provided with an approved spark arrester,screen or door.
405
APPENDIX II-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
If required for their proper functioning, barbecues and grills may be approved
with certain openings left unprotected.
15. CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM
ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES
(a)Support Clearance. Any person owning,controlling,operating or main-
taining any electrical transmission line upon any hazardous fire area shall,at all
times, maintain around and adjacent to any pole supporting a switch, fuse,
transformer, lightning arrester, line junction, dead end, corner pole, towers or
other poles or towers at which power company employees are likely to work most
frequently,an effective firebreak consisting of a clearing of not less than 10 feet in
each direction from the outer circumference of such pole or tower, provided,
however,that this provision shall not be deemed to apply to lines used exclusively
as telephone,telegraph,telephone or telegraph messenger call,fire or alarm lines
or other lines classed as communication circuits by a public utility
(b)High Tension Line Clearance.Any person owning,controlling,operating
or maintaining any electrical transmission line upon any hazardous fire area shall
maintain a clearance of the respective distances as specified in this section in all
directions between all vegetation and all conductors carrying electrical current:
1. For lines operating at 2,400 volts and less than 68,000 volts,4 feet;
2. For lines operating at 68,000 volts and less than 110,000 volts,6 feet;
3. For lines operating at 110,000 volts and over, 10 feet.
In any case, such distance shall be sufficiently great to furnish the required
clearance from the particular wire or conductor to any position of such wire or
conductor at any temperature of 120°F. or less. Forked trees, dead trees, old
decadent or rotten trees,those weakened by catfaces,decay or disease and trees
leaning toward the line,which may contact the line from the side or may fall on the
line,shall be felled,cut or trimmed so as to remove the hazard.
(c) Self-supporting Aerial Cable. No clearing to obtain line clearance is
required when self-supporting aerial cable is used except that forked trees,
leaning trees and other growth which may fall across the cable and break it shall be
removed.
(d)Exceptions.Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require
any person to maintain any clearing on land where such person does not have the
legal right to maintain such clearing,nor shall any provision of this appendix be
construed to require any person to enter upon or to damage property of another
without consent of the owner thereof.
16. CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR VEGETATIVE GROWTH
FROM STRUCTURES
(a) Any person owning, leasing, controlling, operating or maintaining any
building or structure in,upon or adjoining any hazardous fire area,and any person
owning,leasing or controlling any land adjacent to such buildings or structures,
shall at all times:
1. Maintain around and adjacent to such building or structure an effective
firebreak made by removing and clearing away,for a distance therefrom of
406
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-A
not less than 30 feet on each side thereof,all flammable vegetation or other
combustible growth. This section shall not apply to single specimens of
trees, ornamental shrubbery or similar plants used as ground covers,
provided that they do not form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the
native growth to any structure.
2. Maintain around and adjacent to any such building or structure additional
fire protection or firebreak made by removing all brush,flammable vege-
tation or combustible growth located from 30 feet to 100 feet from such
building or structure as may be required by the chief when he finds that
because of extrahazardous conditions a firebreak of only 30 feet around
such structure is not sufficient to provide reasonable firesafety.Grass and
other vegetation located more than 30 feet from such building or structure
and less than 18 inches in height above the ground may be maintained
where necessary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.
3. Remove that portion of any tree which extends within 10 feet of the outlet
of any chimney.
4. Maintain any tree adjacent to or overhanging any building free of dead-
wood.
5. Maintain the roof of any structure free of leaves, needles or other dead
vegetative growth.
(b)In the event that any of the conditions prohibited by Subsection(a)of this
section exist,the executive body may instruct the chief to give notice to the owner
of the property upon which such condition exists to correct such prohibited
condition,and if the owner fails to correct such condition the executive body may
cause the same to be done and make the expense of such correction a lien upon the
property upon which such condition exists.
17. CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR VEGETATIVE GROWTH
FROM ROADWAYS
(a) The chief may remove and clear within 10 feet on each side of every
roadway all flammable vegetation or other combustible growth and may enter
upon private property to do so.This section shall not apply to single specimens of
trees,ornamental shrubbery or cultivated ground cover such as green grass,ivy,
succulents or similar plants used as ground covers,provided that they do not form
a means of readily transmitting fire. As used in this section, "roadway" means
that portion of a highway or private street improved,designed or ordinarily used
for vehicular travel.
(b)If the chief determines in any specific case that difficult terrain,danger of
erosion or other unusual circumstances make strict compliance with the clearance
of vegetation provisions of Sections 15, 16 or 17 of this appendix undesirable or
impractical,he may suspend enforcement thereof and require reasonable alterna-
tive measures designed to advance the purposes of this article.
18. ILLEGAL DUMPING
No person shall place, deposit or dump any garbage, cans, bottles, papers,
ashes, refuse, trash, rubbish or combustible waste material in or upon any
407
APPENDIX 11-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
hazardous fire area. No person shall dump such material in, upon or along any
trail,roadway or highway in any hazardous fire area.Public and private dumping
areas having been approved by the chief shall be deemed to be in compliance with
this section.
19. DISPOSAL OF ASHES
No person shall place, deposit or dump any ashes or coals in or upon any
hazardous fire area except:in the hearth of an established fire pit,camp stove or
fireplace;or in a noncombustible container with a tight-fitting lid,which is kept or
maintained in a safe location not less than 10 feet from any combustible vegetation
or structure;or where such ashes or coals are buried and covered with 1 foot of
mineral earth not less than 25 feet from any combustible vegetation or structure.
20. ILLEGAL USE OF FIRE ROADS AND FIREBREAKS
(a)No person,except public officers acting within the scope of their duties,
shall travel upon or drive or park any motorcycle,motor scooter or motor vehicle
upon any fire road or firebreak beyond the point where travel is restricted by a
cable, gate or sign without the permission of the property owner or owners
involved.No person shall park any vehicle so as to obstruct the entrance to any
fire road or firebreak.
(b)No person shall install or maintain a radio or television aerial,or guy wires
thereto,or any other obstruction on any fire road or firebreak,which is less than
16 feet above such fire road or firebreak.
21. USE OF MOTORCYCLES,MOTOR SCOOTERS AND MOTOR
VEHICLES
No person shall operate any motorcycle,motor scooter or motor vehicle,except
upon clearly established public or private roads within any hazardous fire area
without first having secured a permit to do so from the chief.No such permit shall
be issued unless written permission from the property owner is first presented.
22. TAMPERING WITH FIRE DEPARTMENT LOCKS,BARRICADES,
SIGNS
(a)No person shall tamper with,mutilate,destroy or remove any lock,barri-
cade, seal,cable, sign or marker installed within any hazardous fire area by or
under the control of the chief or other duly constituted authority.
(b)No unauthorized person shall unlock any gate,door,barrier or lock installed
by or under the control of the chief or other duly constituted authority.
23. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE
The expenses of fighting any fires which are the result of a violation of this
appendix are a charge against the person whose violation of this appendix caused
the fire.Damages caused by such fires shall constitute a debt of such person and
are collectable by the chief in the same manner as in the case of an obligation under
a contract,expressed or implied.
408
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-B
WT RNPTED
APPENDIX II-B NOT w 0
PROTECTION OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUIDS IN TANKS IN LOCATIONS
THAT MAY BE FLOODED
1. GENERAL
Pipe connections below allowable liquid level in tanks shall be provided with
valves or cocks located as closely as practicable to tank shell. Such valves and
their connections and fittings to the tank shall not be of cast iron.
2. ABOVEGROUND TANKS
(a)Vertical Tanks:
1. No aboveground vertical storage tank containing flammable or combusti-
ble liquid shall be so located that the maximum allowable liquid level
within the tank is below the established maximum flood stage,unless the
tank is provided with a guiding structure such as described in Section 5 of
this article.
2. Except at locations where there is an ample and dependable public water $�
supply available at and below the established maximum flood stage,
facilities independent of public water supply shall be provided for loading Z
partially empty tanks with water. a
3. In addition to the preceding requirements,each tank so located that more $
than 70 percent,but less than 100 percent,of its allowable liquid storage
CM
capacity will be submerged at the established maximum flood stage shall �C
be safeguarded by one of the following methods:
(i) Tank shall be raised or its height shall be increased until its top extends
above the maximum flood stage a distance equivalent to 30 percent or
more of its allowable liquid storage capacity,provided,however,that
the submerged part of the tank shall not exceed two and one-half times
the diameter;or,
(ii) As an alternative to the foregoing, adequate noncombustible struc-
tural guides, designed to permit the tank to float vertically without
loss of product,shall be provided.
(b)Horizontal Tanks:
1. Independent water supply facilities shall be provided at locations where
there is no ample and dependable public water supply available for loading
partially empty tanks with water.
2. Each horizontal tank so located that more than 70 percent of its storage
capacity will be submerged at the established maximum flood stage shall
be secured to a concrete or steel and concrete foundation of sufficient
weight to produce adequate loading of tank when filled with flammable or
combustible liquids.
3. Special provision shall be provided to equalize the internal and external
pressures on the tank so as to prevent deformation of the tank and resultant
expulsion of flammable or combustible liquid.
409
APPENDIX II-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(c)Other Types of Tanks.Spherical and spheroidal tanks shall be protected by
applicable methods as specified for either vertical or horizontal tanks.
3. UNDERGROUND TANKS
(a)Underground tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids at loca-
tions where there is an ample and dependable water supply available at and below
the maximum flood stage and so installed that more than 70 percent of storage
capacity will be submerged at the maximum flood stage shall be loaded with
concrete or other approved loading material sufficient to prevent movement of the
tank when filled with flammable or combustible liquids and submerged by flood
waters.
(b)At locations where there is no ample or dependable water supply,the tank
shall be loaded with concrete as above required and,in addition, there shall be
provided an emergency liquid supply which shall be sufficient to fill the tank
during flood stages.
(c)Where loading of underground tanks with liquids is impracticable because
of the.character of their contents or their use, each tank shall be safeguarded
against movement when empty and when submerged by flood waters by loading
with concrete or other approved solid loading material.Each such tank shall be so
constructed and installed that it will safely resist external pressures due to flood
waters.
(d)In addition to the foregoing requirement, the capacity of each new tank
installed shall be restricted to not more than 3000 gallons. When installed, but
before backfilling,tank and fittings shall be tested for tightness at not less than 5
pounds per square inch.Greater test pressures may be required by the chief when
tanks are subject to submergence in excess of 30 feet.
(e)Where tanks are not designed to resist external pressure,special provision
shall be provided to equalize the internal and external pressures on the tank so as
to prevent deformation and resultant expulsion of flammable or combustible
liquids.
4. INDEPENDENT WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES
(a) At locations where an independent water supply is required, it shall be
entirely independent of public power and water supply. Independent source of
water shall be available when flood waters reach a level not less than 10 feet below
the bottom of the lowest tank on a property.
(b) The self-contained power and pumping unit shall be so located or so
designed that pumping into tanks may be carried on continuously throughout the
rise in flood waters from a level 10 feet below the lowest tank to the level of the
potential flood stage.
(c)Capacity of the pumping unit shall be such that the rate of rise of water in all
tanks shall be equivalent to the established potential average rate of rise of flood
waters at any stage.
(d)Each independent pumping unit shall be tested periodically to ensure that it
is in satisfactory operating condition.
410
1988 EDITION APPENDIX 11-B
5. STRUCTURAL GUIDES
(a)Structural guides for holding floating tanks above their foundations shall be
so designed that there will be no resistance to the free rise of a tank and shall be
constructed of noncombustible material.
(b)The strength of the structure shall be adequate to resist lateral movement of
a tank subject to a horizontal force in any direction equivalent to not less than 25
pounds per square foot acting on the projected vertical cross-sectional area of the
tank.
(c)Where tanks are situated on exposed points or bends in a shore line where
swift currents in flood waters will be present,the structures shall be designed to
withstand a unit force of not less than 50 pounds per square foot.
6. SAFE PRACTICES
(a)Water Loading:
1. The filling of a tank to be protected by water loading shall be started as soon
as flood waters reach a dangerous flood stage.The rate of filling shall be at
least equal to the rate of rise of the flood waters(or the established average
potential rate of rise).
2. Sufficient fuel to operate the water pumps shall be available at all times to
ensure adequate power to fill all tanks with water.
3. All valves on connecting pipelines shall be closed and locked in closed
position when water loading is completed.
(b)Floating Tanks:
1. Where structural guides are provided for the protection of floating tanks,
all rigid connections between tanks and pipelines shall be disconnected
before the flood waters reach the bottom of the tank,unless control valves
and their connections to the tank are of an approved type of extra-heavy
construction designed to prevent breakage between valve and tank.
2. 'All valves attached to tanks other than those used in connection with water-
loading operations shall be closed and locked.
3. If a tank is equipped with a swing line,the swing pipe shall be raised to and
secured at its highest position.
7. INSPECTIONS
The chief shall make periodic inspections of all plants where the storage of
flammable or combustible liquids is such as to require compliance with the
foregoing requirements in order to assure the following:
(a)That all flammable or combustible liquid storage tanks are in compliance
with these requirements and so maintained.
(b)That detailed printed instructions of what to do in flood emergencies are
properly posted.
(c)That station operators and other employees depended upon to carry out such
instructions are thoroughly informed as to the location and operation of such
valves and other equipment necessary to effect the intent of these requirements.
411
APPENDIX II-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
APPENDIX II-C W%
MARINAS
Marina facilities shall conform to the requirements set forth in the Fire Code
and NFPA Standard No.303 except as herein provided.
1. GENERAL
Plans for marina fire-protection facilities shall be approved by the chief prior to
installation.The completed work shall be subject to final inspection and approval
after installation.
2. PERMITS
(a)No person shall use any open-flame device for maintenance or repair on any
vessel,float,pier or wharf without a permit.
(b)No person shall use any portable barbecue,brazier or cooking device on any
vessel,float,pier or wharf without a permit.
3. DEFINITIONS
(a) FLOAT is a floating structure normally used as a point of transfer for
passengers and goods,or both,for mooring purposes.
(b)MARINA is any portion of the ocean or inland water either naturally or
artificially protected for the mooring, servicing or safety of vessels and shall
include artificially protected works;the public or private lands ashore;structures
or facilities provided within the enclosed body of water and ashore for the
mooring or servicing of vessels or the servicing of their crews or passengers.
(c)PIER is a structure built over the water and supported by pillars or piles,
used as a landing place,pleasure pavilion,etc.
(d) VESSEL is every description of watercraft, other than seaplane on the
water,used or capable of being used as means of transportation.Included in this
definition shall be nontransportation vessels such as houseboats and boathouses.
(e)WHARF is a structure or bulkhead constructed of wood,stone,concrete,
etc.,built at the shore of a harbor,lake or river for vessels to lie alongside of,and
piers or floats to be anchored to.
4. FIRE PREVENTION
(a)Persons having charge or control over any structure,including pier or wharf,
shall not allow the deposit or permit the accumulation of combustible debris or
rubbish on land beneath such structure,pier or wharf.
(b)Any open-flame device used for lighting or decoration on the exterior of any
vessel,float,pier or wharf must be approved by the chief.
(c)Any spills of flammable or combustible liquids at or upon the water shall be
reported immediately to the fire department or jurisdictional authorities.
(d)Containers with tight-fitting or self-closing lids shall be provided for the
temporary storage of combustible trash or rubbish.
(e)All electrical equipment installed and used must be in accordance with the
Electrical Code as it applies to wet,damp and hazardous locations.
412
17.56.280 Appendix II-C amended--Marinas. Appendix II-C
section 1, 5, 6, and 7 are amended to read as follows:
1. General . Plans for marina fire-protection facilities
shall be approved by the chief prior to installation. The
completed work shall be subject to final inspection and
approval after installation. Two (2) sets of plans shall be
submitted to the fire department indicating:
(a) The dock layout.
(b) The location of wet standpipe outlets, accompanied
by pipe schedules and hydraulic calculations.
(c) Location of fire extinguisher cabinets.
5. Fire-protection equipment. All piers, wharves, floats
with facilities for mooring or servicing five or more vessels,
and marine service stations shall be equipped with fire
protection equipment as follows:
(a) A wet standpipe system shall be installed on all
docks, piers, wharves, or marine service stations that exceed
one hundred (100) feet in length or are otherwise inaccessible
from city fire hydrants. The wet standpipe system shall be
capable of delivering 250 gallons per minute at a residual
pressure of 50 psi at the outlet. The outlet shall be a 2-1/2
inch national standard thread with an approved gate valve.
Outlets shall be spaced at two hundred (200) foot intervals, in
approved locations, preferably at point of public access.
Outlets shall be installed so that they are readily visible,
unobstructed and readily discernible as a piece of firefighting
equipment.
(b) Piers and wharves shall be provided with fire
apparatus access roads and water supply systems with on-site
fire hydrants as may be required by the chief. Such roads and
water systems shall conform to Article 10 of this code.
(c) The wet standpipe system shall be provided with a
fire department siamese connection which shall be located
within 5 feet of the nearest fire apparatus access roadway.
412.1
6. Portable fire-protection equipment.
(a) A 4A, 40-B:C fire extinguisher shall be located
every 150 feet along the dock. The fire extinguisher shall be
located in a standard fire extinguisher cabinet with a
breakable glass front. The cabinet shall have placards on both
sides with the words 'FIRE EXTINGUISHER' and either have an
additional placard on the front or shall be easily recognized
from the front as a fire extinguisher cabinet.
(b) The chief shall designate the type and number of
all other fire appliances to be installed and maintained in
each marina.
7. Transmission of alarms. A means for transmitting alarms
immediately to the fire department shall be available pursuant
to the standards and specifications of the Huntington Beach
fire department. (Ord. 2865, 12 Nov 86; Ord. 2638, 9/83;
Ord. 2430, 7/80; Ord. 2188, 6/77)
412.2
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-C
5. FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
All piers,wharves,floats with facilities for mooring or servicing five or more
vessels,and marine service stations shall be equipped with fire-protection equip-
ment as follows:
(a) All portions of floats exceeding 250 feet in distance from fire apparatus
access and marine service stations shall be provided with an approved wet
standpipe system installed in conformity with applicable standards set forth in
U.B.0 Standard No.38-2 and Article 10 of this code.
1. Hose stations shall be so spaced as to provide protection to any portion of
floats or floating vessel. Hoses shall be mounted on a reel or rack and
enclosed within an approved cabinet.Hose stations shall be labeled FIRE
HOSE—EMERGENCY USE ONLY. All equipment shall meet the
approval of the chief.
2. At the shore end,the waterline shall be equipped with a single 21/2-inch fire
department connection.
3. Waterlines shall normally be dry where area is subject to freezing
temperatures.
(b)Piers and wharves shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads and
water-supply systems with on-site fire hydrants as may be required by the chief.
Such roads and water systems shall conform to Article 10.
6. PORTABLE FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
(a)One fire extinguisher, 2A, 20-B:C rating minimum, shall be provided in
each hose station required. a
.m
(b)The chief shall designate the type and number of all other fire appliances to d
be installed and maintained in each marina.
7. TRANSMISSION OF ALARMS
Means shall be available for the immediate notification of the fire department.
8. MAINTENANCE OF ACCESS
Access shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Article 10.
9. MARINE SERVICE STATIONS
Marine service stations shall conform to Article 79.
413
APPENDIX II-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE
l0 06Pt�D APPENDIX II-D ��OP7ED_
RIFLE RANGES
1. PERMIT
A rifle range shall not be established,maintained or operated without a permit
from the chief so to do.Applications for such permit shall be referred to the chief
law enforcement officer for approval.
2. SUPERVISION BY RANGE OFFICER
No person shall operate or maintain a rifle range except under the supervision
of a qualified range officer.
3. QUALIFICATIONS OF RANGE OFFICER
No person shall act as a range officer until such time as he shall have demon-
strated to the chief and chief law enforcement officer his knowledge of firearms
and ammunition,including the general rules of safety and the provisions of this
code relative thereto,and has received a certificate of fitness therefor.
4. INSPECTION OF AMMUNITION:DISPOSAL OF DEFECTIVE
AMMUNITION
All ammunition shall be inspected and approved by the range officer before
permission to fire or discharge the same shall be granted.All ammunition that will
not fire or discharge or which is otherwise defective shall be turned in to the range
officer for the safe disposal thereof.
5. FIRST-AID FIRE APPLIANCES
All rifle ranges shall be equipped with first-aid fire appliances and other
equipment as required by the chief and shall comply with such other fire preven-
tion measures as may be deemed necessary by the chief.
6. REMOVAL OF VEGETATION
All rifle ranges shall be completely clear of vegetation within a safe distance
from the firing line and striking grounds and shall be so maintained.
7. WARNINGS
All rifle ranges which are not fenced shall be posted with approved warning
posters or signs to notify and protect the public from existing danger.
414
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-E
DOPT
APPENDIX II-E uo =
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
PLAN AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
INVENTORY STATEMENT
1. INTENT
This appendix contains requirements for Hazardous Materials Inventory State-
ments(HMIS)and for Hazardous Materials Management Plans(HMMP)which
may be required by the chief pursuant to Article 80,Subsections 80.103(d)and
(e).Proprietary and trade secret information shall be protected under the laws of
the state or jurisdiction having authority.
2. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT(HMIS) s
REQUIREMENTS
(a) When Required. A separate HMIS shall be provided for each building
including its appurtenant structures and each exterior facility in which hazardous
materials are stored.The HMIS shall list by hazard class all hazardous materials
stored. The HMIS shall include the following information for each hazardous
material listed.
1.Generic chemical name
2.Common/trade name ;
3.Formula or major constituents o�
4.Manufacturer
Nt
5.UN(United Nations)or NA(North American)ID number
6.Manufacturer's Safety Data Sheet or equivalent €
7.Maximum quantity stored at any one time.The quantity may be aggregated a
and reported by quantity range according to the following: _
QUANTITY RANGE
NUMBER RANGE AMOUNTS =-
1 Up to and including 500 pounds for solids, 55 gallons for
liquids and 200 cubic feet at NTP for compressed gases.
2 Between 500 and 5,000 pounds for solids,55 and 550 gallons -
for liquids and 200 to 2,000 cubic feet at NTP for compressed
gases.
3 Between 5,000 and 25,000 pounds for solids,550 and 2,750 a
gallons for liquids and 2,000 to 10,000 cubic feet at NTP for
compressed gases. =
4 Between 25,000 and 50,000 pounds for solids, 2,750 and
5,500 gallons for liquids and 10,000 to 20,000 cubic feet at
NTP for compressed gases.
5 More than 50,000 pounds for solids,5,500 gallons for liquids
and 20,000 cubic feet at NTP for compressed gases.
415
APPENDIX II-E UNIFORM FIRE CODE
EXCEPTIONS: 1. The following elemental metals need not be considered
hazardous materials for the purposes of this appendix unless they are stored in a
friable,powdered or finely divided state:chromium,copper,lead,nickel and silver.
2.Consumer products packaged for distribution to,and use by,the general public
and commercial products used for janitorial or minor maintenance purposes(such as
paint thinner or wax strippers).
3.The chief may exempt materials from the requirements of this article when it
has been satisfactorily demonstrated that the material in quantity or condition in
which it is stored does not present a potential danger to the public health,safety or
welfare.
(b)Changes to HMIS.An amended HMIS shall be provided within 30 days of
the storage of any hazardous materials which changes or adds a hazard class or
which is suff icient in quantity to cause an increase in the quantity which exceeds 5
percent for any hazard class.
3. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN(HMMP)
REQUIREMENTS
e (a)General. Any person, firm or corporation applying for a permit to store
hazardous materials shall submit an HMMP standard form or short form in
accordance with this section and provide a narrative description of the operations
and processes taking place at the facility.
(b) Information Required. The HMMP standard form shall include the
following:
A. General site plan.A general site plan drawn at a legible scale which shall
include,but not be limited to,the location of all buildings,exterior storage
facilities,permanent access ways,evacuation routes,parking lots,internal
roads,chemical loading areas,equipment cleaning areas, storm and sani-
tary sewer accesses,emergency equipment and adjacent property uses.The
exterior storage areas shall be identified with the hazard class and the
a maximum quantities per hazard class of hazardous materials stored. The
chief may also require information regarding the location of wells, flood
plains,earthquake faults,surface water bodies and general land uses within
one mile of the facility boundaries.
B. Building floor plan.A building floor plan drawn to a legible scale which
shall include,but not be limited to,all hazardous materials storage facilities
within the building and shall indicate rooms,doorways,corridors,exits and
evacuation'routes.Each hazardous materials storage facility shall be identi-
fied on the plan with the hazard class and quantity range per hazard class of
the hazardous materials stored.
C. Hazardous materials handling. Information showing that all activities
involving the handling of hazardous materials between the storage areas and
manufacturing processes on site are conducted in a manner to prevent the
accidental release of such materials.
D. Chemical compatibility and separation. Information showing proce-
dures, controls, signs or other methods used to ensure separation and
416
17.56.290 Adopt Appendix II-E amended--Hazardous Materials
Management Plan and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement.
Appendix Section 1 is amended herewith by adding subsection (a)
to read as follows:
_ Section l(a) The Huntington Beach Municipal Code,
Chapter17.58 is incorporated herein by reference, and declared
to be part of the Huntington Beach Fire Code as though set out
in full herein. The intent of Appendix II-E and Municipal Code
Chapter 17.58 is deemed to be substantially equivalent in
intent.
415.1
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-E
protection of stored materials from factors which may cause accidental
ignition or reaction of ignitable or reactive materials.
E. Monitoring program.Information including,but not limited to,the loca-
tion, type, manufacturer's specifications(if applicable)and suitability of
monitoring methods for each storage facility when required.
F. Security precautions. A security program for preventing unauthorized
entry of persons or animals into the storage facilities and reducing the
potential for theft,sabotage or accidental discharge.
G. Hazard labeling and warning signs. A description of warning markings
on containers,storage areas,storage structures,surrounding fences,gates '_
and access ways acceptable to the chief.
H. Inspection and record keeping.Schedules and procedures for inspecting
all monitoring equipment,safety and emergency equipment.The permittee
shall develop and follow a written inspection procedure acceptable to the e
chief for inspecting the facility for malfunctions and deterioration,opera-
tor's error, poor housekeeping practices and discharges which may be
causing,or may lead to, unauthorized discharges of hazardous materials. e
These inspections must be at a frequency appropriate to the possible deterio-
ration of equipment and facilities and to the probability of human error and
of sufficient frequency to detect problems prior to a discharge.An inspec-
tion check sheet shall be developed to be used in conjunction with routine
inspections.The check sheet shall provide for the date,time and location of
inspection, note any problems, dates and times of any corrective actions
taken,name of inspector and the countersignature of the designated safety
manager for the facility.
I. Employee training.A training program appropriate to the types and quanti-
ties of materials stored or used shall be conducted to prepare employees to
safely handle hazardous materials on a daily basis and during emergencies. `s
The training program shall include:
(i) Instruction in safe storage and handling of hazardous materials in-
cluding maintenance of monitoring records. s
(ii) Instruction in emergency procedures for leaks,spills,fires or explo-
sions,including shutdown of operations and evacuation procedures.
(iii) Record-keeping procedures for documenting training given to em-
ployees.
J. Emergency equipment.A description of emergency equipment and testing =_
and maintenance procedures used to assure operation and available.
(c)HMMP Short Form—(Minimal Storage Site).A facility shall qualify as a a
minimal storage site if the quantity of each hazardous material stored in one or
more facilities in an aggregate quantity for the facility is 500 pounds or less for
solids, 55 gallons or less for liquids, or 200 cubic feet or less at STP for
compressed gases. The applicant for a permit for a facility which qualifies as a
minimal storage site may opt to file the short form HMMP.Such plan shall include
the following components:
417
APPENDIX II-E UNIFORM FIRE CODE
A. General facility information.
B. A simple line drawing of the facility showing the location of storage
facilities and indicating the hazard class or classes and physical state of the
€ hazardous materials being stored.
C. Information describing that the hazardous materials will be stored and
handled in a safe manner and will be appropriately contained,separated and
monitored.
D. Assurance that security precautions have been taken,employees have been
appropriately trained to handle the hazardous materials and react to emer-
gency situations,adequate labeling and warning signs are posted,adequate
emergency equipment is maintained, and the disposal of any hazardous
materials will be in an appropriate manner.
4. MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS
All records required by this appendix shall be maintained by the permittee for a
period not less than three years.Said records shall be made available to the chief
upon request.
418
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-E
(STANDARD FORM-SAMPLE FORMAT)
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN
INSTRUCTIONS:Type or print legibly.Provide complete responses for each section.Incomplete
HMMP's will be returned. a
SECTION I:FACILITY DESCRIPTION `-
PART A—GENERAL INFORMATION i
1. Business Name: -
Address: Phone:
2.Executive Officer: Phone: =
Title: Phone:
3.Principal Contact: Phone:
Title: Phone: _
4. Emergency Contact: -
Day Phone: Night Phone:
5. Property Owner: 3
Mailing Address:
6.Principal Business Activity: -
7.Occupancy Class:(per U.B.C.;Example,B-2 or H-2)
8.Number of employees: 9.Number of shifts:
10. Hours of Operation: =
11.Other hazardous-materials-related permits: (Example:Permits from Department of Health,
Regional Water Quality Control Board,Water Pollution Control Plant,etc.)
List permit,agency and permit number:
12. General land uses within one mile: North South East West '-
13. Adjacent property use: North South East West
14. Special land uses within one mile:
15.Declaration(Must be signed by executive officeror his authorized representative listed above).I
certify that the information above and on the following parts is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge.
Signature: Date: =
Title: Print name: `-
PART B—GENERAL FACILITY DESCRIPTION(Site Plan)
Provide a site plan on 81/2-by 11-inch paper showing the location of all buildings and structures, '-
chemical loading areas,parking lots,internal roads,storm and sanitary sewers,and wells.Indicate the
appropriate scale,northern direction and date the drawing was completed.
PART C—FACILITY STORAGE MAP(Confidential Information)
1. Provide a floor plan of each building on 8 1/2-by 11-inch paper with appropriate scale and northern _
direction,showing the location of each storage facility(see definition on page 1).Mark map clearly
"Confidential—Do Not Disclose."
2. Identify each storage facility with an ID number,letter,name or symbol.
3. Show the following:
a.Accesses to each storage facility.
b.Location of emergency equipment.
c.Identify the general purpose of other areas within the facility.
d.Location of all tanks. o
419
APPENDIX II-E UNIFORM FIRE CODE
4. Provide the following on the map or in a map key or legend:
a.The requested permit quantity for each storage facility by hazard class.
o b.A list of hazardous materials for each storage facility including chemical name,common or trade
name,and hazard class.(Hazard Class is defined in Article 80,Division II.)
c.A list of waste hazardous materials for each storage facility identified as wastes(ex."waste"
oil).Include the hazard class.
d.List the contents and capacity limit of all tanks at each facility and indicate whether they are
above ground.
e.List separately any radioactives,cryogens,and compressed gases.
I.If you are claiming any hazardous materials to be trade secrets,you must provide that information
in a coded manner(together with its key).
SECTION II:HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT(HMIS)
Although the HMIS is a part of the Hazardous Materials Management Plan,it may be a separate
document.This section(Section II),when completed will satisfy the HMIS requirement.
420
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-E
(SAMPLE FORMAT
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY
STATEMENT
(HMIS)(Public Document)
(Complete a separate form for each facility).
1.Page of Pages
2. Business Name:
3. Date: =
z
4.Facility Address:
5.Facility ID:
(As indicated on your facility storage map.) -
(location of this storage facility)
6.Type of Storage ❑Aboveground ❑Waste Materials '-
(Check all that apply for this
facility.) ❑Underground ❑Waste Treatment System
Yes No -
7. ❑ ❑ Do you store any carcinogens?(If yes,attach a list of all carcinogens,the
quantity range and a copy of the Carcinogen Registration Form for each).
8. ❑ ❑ Do you claim any hazardous materials to be trade secrets?You must also
provide on this form the number of materials claimed to be trade secrets,their
hazard class,and quantity range for each hazard class. g
9. Use the table on the following page to alphabetically list hazardous materials stored at each
storage facility.List all wastes separately and precede the chemical name with"waste",e.g. e
"waste oil."(DOT hazard class UN or NA number can be obtained from Code of Federal
Regulations,Title 49,Part 172.101,Hazardous Materials Table,or shipping papers for your e
chemical and wastes.
10.Declaration(Must be signed by executive officer or his authorized representative.)
Under penalty of perjury,I declare that the information provided as part of this hazardous 2
materials inventory statement is true and correct. -
Print Name: Signature:
Print Title: Date Signed:
421
APPENDIX II-E UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(SAMPLE FORMAT)
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INVENTORY
STATEMENT(HMIS)
NOTE:Provide Material Safety Data Sheets for all materials listed.
(Use additional sheets if necessary.)
'c CHEMICAL NAME AND
COMMON OR TRADE NAME
'- HAZARD UN,NA OR (Major)CONSTITUENTS FOR
CLASS EPA WASTE NO. MIXTURES MANUFACTURER QUANTITY
i
SECTION III:SEPARATION OF MATERIALS
I. For each storage facility described the method used to separate and protect noncompatible material
(Example:20-foot distance,one-hour separation,approved storage cabinets,etc.).This listing
may be clarified with a simple diagram where appropriate.See specific requirements in Article 80,
Division III.
2. List the materials used for the primary and secondary containment of any stored chemicals
(Example:Teflon for corrosives).Verify that they are adequate and impervious to the chemicals
stored by attaching chemical resistance charts and/or other technical data.
SECTION IV:MONITORING PROGRAM
1. Provide a copy of your written procedures for reporting discharges.This is to include your internal
notification plan and decision-making criteria.
NOTE:The chief should be notified of all reportable discharge occurrences immediately,in
accordance with Section 80.104(c).
2. For each storage facility provide the following:
a.Describe the location(reference facility map if appropriate).
b.Describe monitoring methods used to detect leaks or spills.
c.Type and manufacturer of any monitoring equipment.
d.Monitoring frequency for that storage facility.
e.Maintenance frequency of monitoring equipment.
SECTION V:RECORD-KEEPING FORMS
1. Provide examples of your routine inspections check list or log.The log should include:date and
time of inspection,date and time of corrective action,corrective action taken,name of inspector
and countersignature of responsible official.
422
1988 EDITION APPENDIX II-E
2. Provide examples of your unauthorized discharge log.Include:date and time of any discharge,type =
of material discharged,amount of material discharged identify if incident was a reportable or
recordable discharge,cause of discharge,corrective actions taken,time and date of corrective
action,methods of disposal of discharged material,and signature and title of responsible official. '-
SECTION VI:EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
The following information must be provided for each storage facility:
l. Indicate the type of emergency equipment available and its location(access and distance from the
storage facility,etc.).
NOTE:This section may be coded with the facility storage map—Section 1,Part C,for large
facilities. `-
2. Provide a brief description of any testing or maintenance programs for the available emergency _
equipment.
3. Indicate that U.F.C. Standard No. 79-3 hazard identification placarding is provided for each
storage area.
4. Indicate that substances in any storage containers are adequately identified.
5. Indicate that emergency responses procedures are posted in a conspicuous location near each
storage facility.
SECTION VII:WASTE•HANDLING PROCEDURES
List all procedures used at each facility for the proper disposal of all hazardous wastes.Provide a brief =_
explanation of the method used,when appropriate.Examples of waste-handling procedures include:
disposal at an approved hazardous waste-disposal facility,direct discharge to sanitary sewer,recycle,
pretreatment discharge to sanitary sewer,etc. E
NOTE:A permit may be required from one or more agencies before implementing certain disposal
methods.Contact the appropriate agency for more information.
423
APPENDIX III-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
go�% Division III 'moo ITT,
FIRE PROTECTION
APPENDIX III-A
FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS
1. SCOPE
This appendix is the procedure for determining fire-flow requirments for all
buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed. This appendix is not
intended to apply to structures other than buildings.The fire-flow requirement is
the quantity of water in gallons per minute needed to control an anticipated fire in
a building or group of buildings.The chief shall establish the minimum residual
pressure and the flow duration to be used when determining fire flow.
2. DEFINITIONS
FIRE AREA is the total floor area in square feet for all floor levels within the
exterior walls,or under the horizontal projection of the roof of a building.Each
portion of a building separated by one or more four-hour area separation walls
with no openings and provided with a 30-inch parapet constructed in accordance
with the Building Code may be considered as separate fire areas for the purposes
of determining the required fire flow.
3. MODIFICATIONS
Fire-flow requirements may be modified downward for isolated buildings or
group of buildings in rural areas or small communities where the development of
full fire-flow requirements is impractical.
Fire flow may be modified upward where conditions indicate an unusual
susceptability to group fires or conflagrations.An upward modification shall not
be more than twice that required for the building under consideration.
4. FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS
The minimum fire-flow requirements for one-and two-family dwellings shall
be 1000 gallons per minute.
EXCEPTION: Fire flow may be reduced 50 percent when the building is
provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
The fire flow for buildings other than one-and two-fpamily dwellings shall be
not less than that specified in Table No.III-A-A.
EXCEPTION:The required fire flow may be reduced up to4qpercent when the
building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system,but in no case less
than 1500 gallons per minute.
In Types I and II-F.R.construction,only the three largest successive floor areas
shall be used.
424
1988 EDITION APPENDIX III-A
TABLE NO.III-A-A
FIRE-FLOW GUIDE FOR BUILDINGS OTHER THAN
-
ONE-AND TWO-FAMILY DWELLINGS
FIRE
FLOW CONSTRUCTION TYPE
(Gallons
Per 1 II ONE-HR. IV-H.T. II-N
Minute) 11-F.R. III ONE-HR. V-ONE-HR. 111 N V-N
TOTAL FIRE AREA IN SQUARE FEET
1,500 22,700 12,700 8,200 5,900 3,600
1,750 30,200 17,000 10,900 7,900 4,800
2,000 38,700 21,800 12,900 9,800 6,200
2,250 48,300 24,200 17,400 12,600 7,700
2,500 59,000 33,200 21,300 15,400 9,400
2,750 70,900 39,700 25,500 18,400 11,300
3,000 83,700 47,100 30,100 21,800 13,400 '-
3,250 97,700 54,900 35,200 25,900 15,600
3,500 112,700 63,400 40,600 29,306 18,000
3,750 128,700 72,400 46,400 33,500 20,600
4,000 145,900 82,100 52,500 37,900 23,300
4,250 164,200 92,400 59,100 42,700 26,300
4,500 183,400 103,100 66,000 47,700 29,300 -
4,750 203,700 114,600 73,300 53,000 32,600
5,000 225,200 126,700 81,100 58,600 36,000
5,250 247,700 139,400 89,200 65,400 39,600
5,500 271,200 152,600 97,700 70,600 43,400
5,750 295,900 166,500 106,500 77,000 47,400
6,000 UNLIMITED UNLIMITED 115,800 83,700 51,500
6,250 125,500 90,600 55,700
6,500 135,500 97,900 60,200 = z
6,750 145,800 106,800 64,800
7,000 156,700 113,200 69,600
7,250 167,900 121,300 74,600 _ <W
7,500 179,400 129,600 79,800 d 3
7,750 191,400 138,300 85,100 S
8,000 UNLIMITED UNLIMITED UNLIMITED = `
425
APPENDIX III-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE
V,�Poi APPENDIX III-B t�pp�PTE9_
FIRE HYDRANT LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION
1. SCOPE
Fire hydrants shall be provided for the protection of all buildings or portions of
buildings hereafter constructed. Fire hydrants shall be provided along required
fire apparatus access roadways and adjacent public streets.
2. NUMBER OF HYDRANTS
The minimum number of hydrants available to a building shall be not less than
that listed in Table No.III-B-A.The number of hydrants available to a complex or
subdivision shall not be less than that determined by spacing requirements listed
on Table No.III-B-A when applied to fire apparatus access roadways and perime-
ter public streets from which fire operations may be conducted.
Existing hydrants on public streets may be considered available unless fire
apparatus access roadways extend between properties and easements are estab-
lished to prevent their obstruction.
3. DISTRIBUTION OF HYDRANTS
The average spacing between fire hydrants shall not exceed that listed on Table
No.III-B-A,except that the chief may accept a deficiency of up to 10 percent
where existing hydrants provide all or a portion of the required fire hydrant
service.
Regardless of the average spacing, no point on the street or access roadway
adjacent to a building shall be farther from a hydrant than that distance listed in the
last column of Table No.III-B-A.
426
1988 EDITION APPENDIX III-B
TABLE NO.III-B-A
NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS
MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM
FIRE FLOW MINIMUM AVERAGE SPACING HYDRANT TO ANY POINT ON
REQUIREMENT NO.OF BETWEEN HYDRANTS1 2 5 STREET OR ROADWAY FRONTAGES
(gpm) HYDRANTS (Ft.) (Ft.)
750-1750 1 500 250
2000-2250 2 450 225
2500 3 450 225
3000 3 400 225
3500-4000 4 350 210
4500-5000 5 300 180
5500 6 300 180
6000 6 250 150
6500-7000 7 250 150
7500 or more 1 8 or more" 1 200 1 120
'Reduce by 100 feet for dead-end streets or roadways.
2Where streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by fire fighters
pulling hose lines,or arterial streets are provided with four or more traffic lanes and have a
traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day,hydrant spacing shall average 500 feet
on each side of the street and be arranged on an alternating basis up to a fire-flow
requirement of 7000 gpm and 400 feet for higher fire-flow requirements.
3Reduce by 50 feer for dead-end streets or roadways.
40ne hydrant for each 1000 gpm or fraction thereof. .
'Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for
protection of structures or similar fire problems,fire hydrants should be provided at not
less than 1000-foot spacing to provide for transportation hazards.
427
APPENDIX III-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Dp ya ROTA
APPENDIX III-C DDPI
TESTING FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS,
STANDPIPES AND COMBINATION SYSTEMS
1. TESTING
(a)Intervals.Tests of systems or devices herein regulated shall be conducted at
least every five years or when an inspection by the chief indicates that there is
reason to believe that the system or device would fail to operate properly in an
emergency.
(b)Testing Personnel. The tests established by this regulation shall be con-
ducted by a person qualified to perform the full testing procedure for the particu-
lar system or device being tested.
(c)Witness.The chief shall be notified at least one working day in advance of
the performance of any required test to allow a representative of the fire depart-
ment to witness the test.
(d)Notification of Inoperable Systems. At the conclusion of each test, the
chief shall be notified of any fire-protection equipment that was determined to be
inoperable.
(e)Certification of Operable Systems.When the fire-protection equipment is
operable,the owner or his agent shall certify its condition to the chief in writing.
(f)Plugs and Caps. All fire department inlets and outlets must be equipped
with approved plugs or caps.
2. TEST PROCEDURES FOR AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
(a)-Notification. The concerned agency shall be notified before supervised
systems are tested.
(b)Backflow.Backflow inlet connections from the check valve to the inlet by
disassembling the check valve or blocking the check valve open so the water will
backflow out of the fire department connections.
(c)Control Valves.All control.valves shall be closed and reopened to assure
their ability to operate.
(d)Alarm Test.For wet systems only,open the inspector's test valve to test the
alarm bell response. When fully opened, the response shall occur within five
minutes.When conducting such a test on a dry pipe,preaction or deluge system,
use the alarm test line.
(e) Gage Vest. An approved test gage shall be connected at the test gage
opening to test the reliability of the existing gages.
(f)Flow Test.Observe pressure with main drain valve closed.Open main drain
valve wide open and observe pressure. Close main drain valve and observe how
quickly pressure is restored to determine if there are closed valves or obstructions
in water supply lines.
(g) nip Test. Dry-pipe, preaction and deluge systems shall be trip tested
annually in accordance with NFPA 13A,"Inspection Testing and Maintenance of
Sprinkler Systems," 1981.
428
1988 EDITION APPENDIX III-C
3. TEST PROCEDURE FOR STANDPIPE SYSTEMS
(a)Class I System.
(i) Air test.Air test the system at 25 psi to determine if the system leaks and to
avoid water damage to the building in the event that piping has been broken
off or disconnected.
(ii) Hydrostatic test.Fill the system completely with water and note the static
pressure(head)on the test gage installed on the lowest inlet connection.
Hydrostatically test the system at a pressure 50 psi greater than the head
pressure but in no case less than 150 psi.
(iii) Flow test.Flow 500 gpm of water through the standpipe system to the roof
outlet.A separate flow test shall be conducted through each inlet.Install a
test gage at the inlet being used to measure the inlet pressure. The maxi-
mum allowable pressure lost within the system due to friction shall be 15
psi. Friction loss shall be determined by subtracting the static pressure
(head) and outlet pressure from the inlet pressure while 500 gpm is
flowing.
(iv) Operate each outlet valve in the system to determine that it will function
properly.
(v) Using approved fitting,verify that all inlets and outlets are in compliance
with Section 1(f).
(b)Class H System.
(i) Flow test.All systems shall be flow tested to the requirements in effect at
time of installation or at 100 gpm at 65 psi.The required water flow shall be
maintained for at least 30 seconds from systems supplied by street mains or
gravity tanks and at least 2 minutes from systems supplied by booster
pumps or pressure tanks.
(ii) Gravity tank supply.Determine that the automatic filling system operates
if the system is supplied by gravity tank.
(iii) Pressure tank supply. Determine that automatic filling systems operate
when flow test is conducted.Check air-pressure and water-supply appara-
tus where installed. di
z
(iv) Outlets. Check each outlet for signs of corrosion, leakage and for the
installation of an approved pressure-reducing device at outlets where the `
pressure will exceed 100 psi.Flow water from each outlet in the system in a
manner that will indicate the valves are fully operable and that there is
water pressure at that outlet.
(v) Hose.Examine full length of hose section for mildew,cuts,abrasions and
other deterioration.When required by the chief,the hose shall be replaced
with listed lined hose. Check hose couplings, gaskets and nozzle for
damage and obstructions.
(c)Class IH System.
(i) Flow test. Flow 500 gpm through each riser from the uppermost outlets.
The system shall maintain a residual pressure of 65 psi at the level of that
outlet.
429
APPENDIX III-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(ii) Pump test.Fire pumps shall be tested. If the pump performance charac-
teristics when tested are more than 10 percent below the manufacturer's
certified shop test characteristic curve or as specified on the pump housing,
the pump shall be repaired and restored to its original condition. Caution
should be taken when drawing residual pressure below 20 psi on public
service mains during testing as it may cause damage to the mains. Pump
supervisory devices shall be tested for proper functioning and to assure that
the alarm is transmitting to the proper location.
(iii) Outlets.Flow water from each outlet in the system in a manner that will
indicate the valves are fully operable and that there is water pressure at that
outlet.Check each outlet for signs of corrosion and leakage.Check for the
installation of an approved pressure-reducing device at outlets where the
pressure will exceed 100 psi.
(iv) Inlet connections.Backflow inlet connections so the water will backflow
out of the fire department connections.
(v) Hose.Examine each full length of hose section for mildew,cuts,abrasions
and other deterioration. When required by the chief, the hose shall be
replaced with listed lined hose.Check hose couplings,gaskets and nozzle
for damage and obstructions.
430
1988 EDITION APPENDIX III-D
TEU APPENDIX III-D iT 1ffUPTED
PBASEMENT PIPE INLETS
C Basement Pipe Inlets
Sec. 10.316. (a) General. All basement pipe inlets shall be installed in
accordance with the requirements of this section.
(b)Where Required.Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of
every store,warehouse or factory having basements.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where the basement is equipped with an automatic fire-
extinguishing system.
2.Where the basement is used for the storage of permanent archives or valuables
such as safe deposit vaults or similar uses adversely affected by water.
(c)Location.The location of basement pipe inlets shall be as required by the
fire department.
(d)Detailed Requirements. All basement pipe inlets shall be of cast iron,
steel,brass or bronze with lids of cast brass or bronze.
The basement pipe inlet shall consist of a sleeve of not less than 8-inch inside
diameter extending through the floor and terminating flush with or through the
basement ceiling and shall have a top flange recessed with an inside shoulder to
receive the lid. The top flange shall be installed flush with finish floor surface.
The lid shall be a solid casting and have a lift recessed in the top.This lid shall be
provided with a cast-in sign reading FIRE DEPARTMENT ONLY—DO NOT
COVER.The lid shall be installed in such a manner as to permit its easy removal
from the flange shoulder.
431
APPENDIX IV-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
wo Division IV "®llP _
FLAMMABLE FLOOR COVERINGS
APPENDIX IV-A
INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH
1. GENERAL
This appendix regulates exposed floor surfaces of buildings,including cover-
ings which are applied over"a previously finished floor.
EXCEPTION:Interior floor finish materials of a traditional type,such as wood,
vinyl,linoleum,terrazzo and other resilient floor-covering materials.
Floor coverings judged by the chief to represent an unusual hazard shall meet
the classification prescribed for the various occupancy groups listed in Table IV-A
when tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.
2. TESTING AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
(a) Testing. Critical radiant flux values of interior floor finishes shall be
established by tests conducted in accordance with procedures specified within
Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source,National Fire Protection Association Stan-
dard 253-1978 conducted by an approved testing agency.
(b)Classification.Interior floor finish materials which are judged by the chief
to represent an unusual hazard which are to be installed in an exit enclosure,
passageway or corridor shall be tested and classified on the basis of tests con-
ducted in accordance with Subsection 2 as follows:
1.Class 1 Interior Floor Finish.Materials having a minimum critical radiant
flux of 0.45 watt per square centimeter.
2.Class 2 Interior Floor Finish.Materials having a minimum critical radiant
flux of 0.22 watt per square centimeter.
3. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CRITICAL RADIANT FLUX
(a)General.Interior floor finish materials judged by the chief to represent an
unusual hazard shall meet the classification prescribed for the various occupancy
groups listed in Table IV-A when tested in accordance with the requirements of
Section 2.
EXCEPTION:When an approved automatic sprinkler system is installed,Class
2 materials may be used in any area where Class 1 materials are required and the
materials need not be classified in areas where Class 2 materials are permitted.
(b)Test Report Availability.All interior floor finish materials required by this
section to meet critical radiant flux limits in accordance with Section 2 shall be
tested by an approved laboratory. A copy of the test report identifying and
representing the style to be installed shall be provided to the chief upon request.
The test report shall identify the interior floor finish by manufacturer(or supplier)
and style name and shall be representative of the current construction of the
material to be installed.
432
1988 EDITION APPENDIX IV A
(c)Identification. The interior floor finish material shall be identified by a
hang tag or other suitable method as to manufacturer(or supplier)and style and
shall indicate the classification of the material based upon the limits specified
within Section 2.
TABLE IV-A—INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH REQUIREMENTS
REQUIRED CORRIDORS
EXITS AND PROVIDING
USE GROUPS PASSAGEWAYS1 EXIT ACCESS
Group A 2 2
Group B-2 2 2
Group E 2 2
Group I2 1 1
Group R-1 1 2 1 2
'Combustible floor finish not permitted for stairs in Types I and II construction nor other
types of construction exceeding three stories in height.
2Combustible floor finish not permitted in rooms occupied by inmates or patients whose
personal liberties are restrained.
CC
MC
OC
C7 V
1 p
C
G
ti
433
APPENDIX V-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Division V
r0 06?ED STANDARDS
APPENDIX V A
NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED
STANDARDS OF GOOD PRACTICE
The following standards and publications are intended for use as a guide to
attain a reasonable level of safety where specific requirements are not stated or
specific standards are not adopted or referenced in the body of the code.
AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION LABORATORIES
8501 East Pleasant Road,Cleveland,OH 44131
1425 Grande Vista Avenue,Los Angeles,CA 90023
DIRECTORY OF CERTIFIED APPLIANCES AND ACCESSORIES
COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION,INC.
1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,Arlington,VA 22202
CGA PAMPHLETS
G-1 Acetylene.
G-2 Anhydrous Ammonia.
G-3 Sulphur Dioxide.
G-4 Oxygen.
G-5 Hydrogen.
P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases.
P-2 Characteristics and Safe Handling of Medical Gases.
V-5 Diameter-Index Safety System.
FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH
1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike,Norwood,MA 02062
INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES
112019th Street,N.W.,Suite 310,Washington,DC 20036-3605
IME PAMPHLETS
No. 1 Construction Guide for Storage Magazines—Jan., 1983.
No. 20 Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard in Use of Electric Blasting
Caps—Sept., 1981.
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION
Batterymarch Park,Quincy,MA 02269
NFPA NATIONAL FIRE CODES
434
APPENDIX IV-B
Appendix IV, page 434. Add an Appendix IV-B as follows:
APPENDIX IV-B
CHRISTMAS TREE REGULATIONS
1. SCOPE
This appendix applies to Christmas trees in public
buildings.
2. PERMITS
A permit shall be obtained from the chief prior to
placement of the tree in a public building.
3. TREES
(a) General. The use of natural or resin-bearing
cut trees in public buildings shall comply with
the provisions of this section.
(b) Flame Retardance. Trees shall be properly
treated with a flame retardant approved by the
chief.
(c) Tags. Trees shall bear a tag stating date of
placement in the public building, type of flame-
retardant treatment used, name of the person who
applied the flame-retardant and the name of the
person affixing the tag.
(d) Support Device. The support .device that holds
the tree in an upright position shall be of a
type that is stable and:
A. Does not damage or require removal of the tree
stem base.
B. Holds the tree securely and is of adequate size
to avoid tipping over of the tree.
433.1
C. Is capable. of containing a two-day minimum supply
of water covering the stem at least 2 inches and
as specified in the following table:
RMMM Support Stww 1A dw riplw 11 DMty VMw Ev�poranon
Tte� Amount
Up to 61/2 feet 1/2 gallon 1/2 to 1 quart
6112 feet to 10 feet 1 gallon 1 to 2 quarts
Over 10 feet 3 gallons 112 to 1 l/2 gallons
(e) Butt Cut. Prior to setting up the tree, the
trunk shall have a fresh butt cut on a diagonal
at least 1 inch above the original cut.
(f) Watering. Hot tap water shall be used when
first filling the support stand and the stand
shall not be allowed to become dry of water,or
the tree shall be removed immediately.
(g) Dryness. The tree shall be checked for dryness
by the following method: Stand in front of a
branch, grasp it with reasonably firm pressure
and pull your hand toward your allowing the
branch to slip through your grasp. If the
needles fall off readily, the tree does not have
adequate moisture content and it shall be removed
immediately.
(h) Open Flames. Candles or open flame of any type
shall not be used on or near the tree within a
distance equal to the height of the tree.
(i) Electric Lights. Electrical decorations used
on the tree shall be listed.
433.2
1988 EDITION APPENDIX V-A
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.
333 Pfingsten Road,Northbrook,IL 60062
1655 Scott Blvd.,Santa Clara,CA 95050
U.L.INC.DIRECTORIES
Automotive,Burglary Protection and Mechanical Equipment.
Building Materials.
Electrical Appliance and Utilization Equipment.
Electrical Construction Materials.
Fire Protection Equipment.
Fire Resistance.
Gas and Oil Equipment.
General Information from Electrical Construction Materials
and Hazardous Location Equipment Directories.
Hazardous Location Equipment.
Marine Products.
Recognized Component.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
Code of Federal Regulations,Titles 1-50,Superintendent of Documents
U.S.Government Printing Office,Washington,DC 20402
435
APPENDIX VI-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Division VI - this
INFORMATIONAL
APPENDIX VI-A
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATIONS
1. INTENT
This appendix provides information,explanations and examples to illustrate
's and clarify the hazard categories contained in Division II of Article 80.The hazard
categories are based upon the Code of Federal Regulations,Title 29,(CFR-29).
Where numerical classifications are included,they are in accordance with nation-
ally recognized standards.
2. HAZARD CATEGORIES
(a)Physical Hazards
l. Explosives and Blasting Agents
(i) High explosives.Can be detonated by means of blasting cap when uncon-
fined.Examples:dynamite,TNT,nitroglycerine,C-3,C-4.
(ii) Low explosives. Can be deflagrated when confined. Examples: black
powder,smokeless powder,propellant explosives,display fireworks.Gen-
erally corresponds with DOT Class B or C.Black powder is a DOT Class A
explosive.
(iii) Blasting agents.Oxidizer/liquid fuel slurry mixtures. Examples:ammo-
nium nitrate/fuel oil.
2. Compressed Gases
(i) Flammable. Examples: Acetylene, carbon monoxide, ethane, ethylene,
€ hydrogen,methane.Ammonia will ignite and burn,although its flamma-
ble range is too narrow for it to fit the definition of flammable gas.
(ii) Oxidizing. Examples: oxygen, ozone, oxides of nitrogen, chlorine and
fluorine. Chlorine and fluorine do not contain oxygen but reaction with
flammables is similar to that of oxygen.
(iii) Corrosive.Examples:ammonia,hydrogen chloride and fluorine.
(iv) Highly Toxic. Examples:arsine,cyanogen,fluorine,germine,hydrogen
cyanide,hydrogen selenide,nitric oxide,phosphine and stibene.
(v) Toxic.Examples:boron trichloride,boron trifluoride,chlorine,hydrogen
€ flouride,hydrogen sulfide and silicon tetrafluoride.
€ (vi) Inert(chemically unreactive).Examples:argon,helium,krypton,neon,
nitrogen and xenon.
(vii) Pyrophoric.Examples:diborane,dichloroborane,phosphine and silane.
(viii) Unstable(reactive). Examples:butadiene(unstabilized),ethylene oxide
and vinyl chloride.
436
Appendix VI-A, Section 2(a)2(v), page 436. Revise as
follows:
W TOXIC. Examples: chlorine, hydrogen fluoride,
hydrogen sulfide, silicon tetrafluoride, phosgene.
436.1
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-A
3. Flammable and Combustible liquids:
(i) Flammable liquids:
CLASS I-A shall include those having flash points below 73°F.and having
a boiling point below 100°F.
CLASS I-B shall include those having flash points below 73°F.and having
a boiling point at or above 100°F.
CLASS I-C shall include those having flash points at or above 73°F. and
below 100T
(ii) Combustible liquids:
CLASS II liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 100°F.
and below 140T
CLASS III-A liquids shall include those having flash points at or above
140T and below 200°F.
CLASS III-B liquids shall include those liquids having flash points at or
above 200°F. -
4. Flammable Solids -
(i) Organic solids.Examples:camphor,cellulose nitrate and napthalene. a
(ii) Inorganic solids. Examples: decaborane, lithium amide, phosphorous
heptasulfide, phosphorous sesquisulfide, potassium sulfide, anhydrous =_
sodium sulfide and sulfur.
(iii) Combustible metals (except dusts and powders). Examples: cesium,
magnesium and zirconium. e
(iv) Combustible dusts and powders (including metals). Finely divided
flammable solids which may be dispersed in air as a dust cloud.Examples: e
wood sawdust,plastics,coal,flour and powdered metals(few exceptions).
5. Oxidizers
(i) Gases.Examples:Oxygen,ozone,oxides of nitrogen fluorine and chlorine
(reaction with flammables is similar to that of oxygen).
(ii) Liquids.Examples:bromine,hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid,perchloric 1 h
acid and sulfuric acid. o
= o�
(iii) Solids. Examples: chlorates, chromates, chromic acid, iodine, nitrates, N
nitrites,perchlorates and peroxides.
Classification of liquid and solid oxidizers according to hazard: - Mac
CLASS 4-An oxidizing material that can undergo an explosive reaction when
catalyzed or exposed to heat,shock or friction.Examples:ammonium perchlo-
rate, ammonium permanganate, guanidine nitrate, hydrogen peroxide solu-
tions more than 91 percent by weight,perchloric acid solutions more than 72.5
percent by weight and potassium superoxide.
CLASS 3 - An oxidizing material that will cause a severe increase in the
burning rate of combustible material with which it comes in contact.Examples:
ammoniun dichromate,bromine pentafluoride,bromine trifluoride,hydrogen
peroxide 52 percent to not more than 91 percent concentration by weight,
437
APPENDIX VI-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
calcium hypochlorite over 50 percent by weight, potassium bromate, potas-
sium chlorate, sodium chlorite over 40 percent by weight, mono (trichloro)
tetra-(monopotassium dichloro) -penta-s-triazinetrione, perchloric acid solu-
tions 60 percent to 72.5 percent by weight,potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione
(potassium dichloroisocyanurate), sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite over 40
percent by weight and sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione(sodium dichloroiso-
cyanurate).
CLASS 2-An oxidizing material that will moderately increase the burning rate
"s or which may cause spontaneous ignition of combustible material with which it
comes in contact. Examples: calcium hypochlorite 50 percent or less by
_ weight,chromium trioxide(chromic acid),halane(1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethyl
hydantion), hydrogen peroxide 27.5 percent to 52 concentration by weight,
nitric acid more than 70 percent concentration,potassium perchlorate,potas-
sium permanganate,sodium chlorite 40 percent or less,sodium permanganate
and trichloro-s-triazinetrione(trichloroisocyanuric acid).
CLASS 1-An oxidizing material whose primary hazard is that it may increase
the burning rate of combustible material with which it comes in contact.
Examples:aluminum nitrate,ammonium persulfate,barium chlorate,barium
nitrate,barium perchlorate,barium permanganate,barium peroxide,beryllium
nitrate,calcium chlorate,calcium chlorite,calcium citrate,calcium peroxide,
cobalt nitrate,cupric nitrate,ferric nitrate,hydrogen peroxide solutions over 8
percent but not exceeding 27.5 concentration by weight,lead nitrate,lithium
hypochlorite,lead peroxide,lithium peroxide,magnesium nitrate,magnesium
perchlorate,magnesium peroxide,mercurous nitrate,nickel nitrate,nitric acid
70 percent concentration or less,perchloric acid solutions less than 60 percent
by weight,potassium dichromate,potassium nitrate,potassium nitrite,potas-
sium persulfate,silver nitrate,sodium carbonate peroxide,sodium dichloro-s-
triazinetrione dihydrate, sodium dichromate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite,
sodium perborate,sodium perborate tetrahydrate,sodium perchlorate monohy-
drate,sodium persulfate,strontium chlorate,strontium nitrate,strontium per-
oxide,thorium nitrate,uranium nitrate,zinc chlorate,zinc nitrate,zinc perox-
ide,zinc permanganate and zirconium nitrate.
Note:Examples are based upon NFPA Standard No.43-A.
6. Organic Peroxides
Organic peroxides are flammable compounds which contain the double oxygen
or peroxy (-o-o-) group and are subject to explosive decomposition. They are
available as:
(i) Liquids.
(ii) Pastes.
(iii) Solids(usually finely divided powders).
Classification or organic peroxides according to hazard:
UNCLASSIFIED:Peroxides which are capable of detonation.These peroxides
present an extremely high explosion hazard through rapid explosive decompo-
438
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-A
sition and are regulated in accordance with the provisions of Article 77 for =_
Class A explosives.
CLASS I: Class I peroxides are capable of deflagration, but not detonation.
These peroxides present a high explosion hazard through rapid decomposition. a
Examples:acetyl cyclohexane sulfony160-65 percent concentration by weight,
fulfonyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide over 98 percent concentration, t-butyl a
hydroperoxide 90 percent,t-butyl peroxyacetate 75 percent,t-butyl peroxyiso-
propylcarbonate 92 percent, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate 100 percent,
di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate 98 percent and di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate
85 percent.
CLASS II:Class II peroxides burn very rapidly and present a severe reactivity
hazard. Examples: Acetyl peroxide, 25 percent, t-butyl hydroperoxide 70
percent,t-butyl peroxybenzoate 98 percent, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate
97 percent, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate 75 percent, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl-
carbonate 75 percent,t-butyl peroxypivalate 75 percent,dybenzoyl peroxydi-
carbonate 85 percent,di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate 98 percent,di-sec-butyl
peroxydicarbonate 75 percent, 1,1-di- (t-butylperoxy)- 3,5,5-
trimethyecyclohexane 95 percent,di-(2-ethythexyl)peroxydicarbonate 97 per-
cent, 2,5-dymethyl-2-5 di (benzoylperoxy) hexane 92 percent and perox-
yacetic acid 43 percent.
CLASS III:Class III peroxides burn rapidly and present a moderate reactivity
hazard.Examples:acetyl cyclohexane sulfonal peroxide 29 percent,benzoyl
peroxide 78 percent,benzoyl peroxide paste 55 percent,benzoyl peroxide paste
50 percent,cumene hydroperoxide 86 percent,di-(4-butylcyclohexyl)perox-
ydicarbonate 98 percent,t-butyl peroxy-2-ethytehexanoate 97 percent,t-butyl
peroxyneodecanoate 75 percent, decanoyl peroxide 98.5 percent, di-t-butyl
peroxide 99 percent, 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane 75 per-
cent, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide 50 percent, diisopropyl peroxydi-
carbonate 30 percent,2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexanolyperoxy)-hexane 90
percent, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy) hexane 90 percent and methyl
ethyl ketone peroxide 9 percent active oxygen.
CLASS IV:Class IV peroxides burn in the same manner as ordinary combusti-
bles and present a minimum reactivity hazard.Examples:benzoyl peroxide 70
percent, benzoyl peroxide paste 50 percent, benzoyl peroxide slurry 40 per-
cent,benzoyl peroxide powder 35 percent,t-butyl hydroperoxide 70 percent,t-
butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate 50 percent, decumyl peroxide 98 percent, di-
(2-ethylhexal) peroxydicarbonate 40 percent, laurel peroxide 98 percent,
p-methane hydroperoxide 52.5 percent, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 5.5
percent active oxygen and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 9 percent active '_-
oxygen. =
CLASS V:Class V peroxides do not burn or present a decomposition hazard.
Examples: benzoyl peroxide 35 percent, 1,1-di-t-butyl peroxy 3,5,5-
trimethylcyclohexane 40 percent, 2,5-di-(t-butyl peroxy) hexane 47 percent
and 2,4-pentanedione peroxide 4 percent active oxygen. s
Note:Examples are based upon NFPA Standard No.43-13.
439
APPENDIX VI-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
7. Pyrophoric Materials
(i) Gases.Examples:diborane,phosphine and silane.
(ii) Liquids.Examples:diethyl aluminum chloride,diethyl beryllium,diethyl
phosphine, diethyl zinc, dimethyl arsine, triethyl aluminum etherate,
thriethyl bismuthine,thriethyl boron, trimethyl aluminum and trimethyl
gallium.
(iii) Solids.Examples:cesium,hafnium,lithium,white or yellow phosphorus,
plutonium,potassium,rubidium,sodium and thorium.
8. Unstable(Reactive)Materials
CLASS 4:Materials which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or of
explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and
pressures.This class should include materials which are sensitive to mechani-
cal or localized thermal shock at normal temperatures and pressures. Acetyl
peroxide,dibutyl peroxide,dinitrobenzene,ethyl nitrate,peroxyacetic acid and
picric acid(dry)trinitrobenzene.
CLASS 3: Materials which in themselves are capable of detonation or of
explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but which require a strong
initiating source or which must be heated under confinement before initiation.
This degree should include materials which are sensitive to thermal or mechan-
ical shock at elevated temperatures and pressures.Examples:hydrogen perox-
ide(greater than 52 percent),hydroxylamine,nitromethane,paranitroaniline,
perchloric acid and tetrafluoroethylene monomer.
CLASS 2: Materials which in themselves are normally unstable and readily
undergo violent chemcial change but do not detonate. This degree should
include materials which can undergo chemical change with rapid release of
energy at normal temperatures and pressures and which can undergo violent
chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures.Examples:acrolein,
€ acrylic acid, hydrazine, methacrylic acid, sodium perchlorate, styrene and
vinyl acetate.
CLASS l:Materials which in themselves are normally stable but which can
become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. Examples: acetic
a acid,hydrogen peroxide 35 percent to 52 percent,paraldehyde and tetrahydro-
furan.
Classification by degree of hazard shall be in accordance with U.F.C.Standard
No.79-3.Also see NFPA Standard No.49.
a
9. Water-reactive Materials
CLASS 3:Materials which react explosively with water without requiring heat
or confinement.Examples:aluminum alkyls such as triethylaluminum,isobu-
tylaluminum and trimethylaluminum;bromine pentafluoride,bromine trifluo-
ride,chlorodiethylaluminium and diethylzinc.
CLASS 2: Materials which may form potentially explosive mixtures with
water.Examples:calcium carbide,calcium metal,cyanogen bromide,lithium
440
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-A
hydride,methyldichlorosilane,potassium metal,potassium peroxide,sodium
metal,sodium peroxide,sulfuric acid and trichlorosilane.
CLASS 1:Materials which may react with water with some release of energy
but not violently.Examples:acetic anhydride,sodium hydroxide,sulfur mono-
chloride and titanium tetrachloride.
Classification by degree of hazard shall be in accordance with U.F.C.Standard
No.79-3.Also see NFPA Standard No.49.
10. Cryogenic Fluids
(i) Flammable. Examples:carbon monoxide, deuterium(heavy hydrogen),
ethylene,hydrogen and methane. a
(ii) Oxidizing.Examples:fluorine,nitric oxide and oxygen.
(iii) Corrosive.Examples:fluorine and nitric oxide.
(iv) Inert(chemically unreactive).Examples:argon,helium,krypton,neon,
nitrogen and xenon.
(v) Highly toxic.Examples:fluorine and nitric oxide. a
(vi) All of the cryogenics listed will exist as compressed gases when they are
stored at ambient temperatures.
(b)�Health Hazards
�1. Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials
,(i) Highly toxic materials,Class A as defined in Parts 100-177,Title 49,CFR.
Examples:
Gases—arsine, cyanogen, fluorine, germane, hydrogen cyanide, hydro-
gen selenide,nitric oxide,nitrogen dioxide,phosgene(diphosgene),phos-
phine and stibene.
Liquids—bromacetone,hydrocyanic acid,nitrogen peroxide and nitrogen
tetroxide.
(ii) Toxic materials(including pesticides,fumigants and all Class B poisons).
Examples:
Gases-boron trifluoride,chlorine,chlorine dioxide,chlorine trifluoride,
diborane,fluorine,hydrogen sulfide,methyl bromide,nitrogen trifluoride
and ozone.
Liquids—acetelyene tetrabromide,acetone cyanhydrin,acrolein,acrylo-
nitrile, allyl alcohol, allyl chloride, aniline, o-anisidine, arsenic com-
pounds, benzaldehyde, benzyl chloride, beryllium compounds, carbolic
acid(phenol),carbon disulfide,carbon tetrachloride,chlorinated diphenyl
oxide, chloroacetaldehyde, chloroform, o-chlorophenyl, chloropicrin,
chromic acid,cresol,crotonaldehyde,cyanide compounds,dichloroethyl
ether,diethylaminoethanol,diethyl sulfate,dimethyl sulfate,dimethylani-
line, dinitrobenzol, 1,4 dioxane, epichlorhydrin, ethelyne chlorohydrin,
ethylene dibromide, ethyleneimine, formic acid, furfural, furfural alco-
hol,hexaethyl tetraphosphate,hydrazine, isophorone, mercury,mercury
compounds,methyl isocyanate,methyl parathion,nickle carbonyl,nico-
441
APPENDIX VI-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
tine, nitric acid, nitrobenzene, nitrochlorobenzene, nitroglycerin,
parathion, perchloric acid, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trich-
loride,propylene amine, sulfur chloride, sulfuryl chloride, tetrachloroe-
thane,tetrachloroethylene,tetraethyl ditho pyrophosphate,tetraethyl lead,
tetranitromethane, thionyl chloride, thiophosgene, 2,4 diisocyanate, o-
toluidine and xylidine.
Solids—acrylamide, aldrin, antimony compounds, arsenic compounds,
barium compounds, barium cyanide,benzidine,benzoyl peroxide,bery-
Ilium compounds,brucine,cadmium compounds,calcium oxide,carbolic
acid (phenol), chloroacetic acid, a-chloroacetophenone, copper ace-
= toarenite,cyanide salts,cyanogen bromide,DDT,decarborane, 1,2 dini-
trobenzene, 2,4 dinitrotoluene, diphenyl, ferric arsenate, fluoride salts,
hexachloronapthalene,p-hydroquinine, iodine, lead compounds,lithium
hydride,mercury compounds,methyl parathion,methylene biphenyl iso-
cyanate, nicotine, osmium tetroxide, oxalic acid, parathion, pentach-
lorophenol,phenol,p-phenylene,diamine,phenylhydrazine,phosphorus
(yellow),phosphorus pentachloride,phosphorus pentasulfide,picric acid,
quinone, selenium compounds, silver nitrate, sodium, sodium azide, so-
dium borohydride,sodium fluosilicate,sodium hydroxide,sodium hypo-
chlorite,strychnine,thallium salts and zinc arsenate.
2. Radioactive Materials
(i) Common radiation source materials.More than 100 radioisotopes are in
common usage in various medical and industrial test and measuring situa-
tions. Most emit Beta and Gamma radiation. Some emit Alpha radiation
also.Some emit Beta or Gamma radiation exclusively.Examples of Alpha,
Beta, Gamma emitters: Americium-241, Bismuth-210, Polonium-210,
Radium-226,Uranium-238.These are the heavier isotopes as indicated by
E high numbers.
Examples of Beta emitters:calcium-45,carbon-14,hydrogen-3,nickel-
= 63,sulfur-35,tungsten-185 and zinc-65.
Examples of Gamma emitters: beryllium-7, germanium-71, iron-55,
palladium-13,praseodymium-143,promethium-147 and tin-113.
(ii) Fissile materials. Fissile materials are materials which may undergo a
fission reaction,and are usually found only at reactor sites,or as part of a
e nuclear weapon. Fissile materials may emit Alpha, Beta, Gamma and
neutron radiation.Examples:plutonium-238,plutonium-239,plutonium-
= 241,uranium-233 and uranium-235.
€ Note:Uranium(and certain other radioactive metals)are combustible in solid
and finely divided form,as well as chemically toxic.When radioactive materials
burn,the products of combustion(other than heat)will be radioactive as well.
3. Corrosives
(i) Acids.Examples:chromic,formic,hydrochloric(muriatic greater than 15
percent),hydrofluoric,nitric(greater than 6 percent),perchloric and sulfu-
ric(4 percent or more).
442
Appendix VI-A, Section 2(b)l, page 441. Revise as follows:
1. Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials
(i) Highly Toxic Materials Examples:
Gases - arsine, chlorine trifluoride, cyanogen,
diborane, fluorine, germane, hydrogen cyanide,
nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide,, ozone, phosphine,
hydrogen selenide, stibene.
(ii) Toxic materials (including pesticides, fumigants
and all Class B poisons).
Examples:
Gases - boron trichloride, boron trifluoride,
chlorine, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide,
phosgene, silicon tetrafluoride.
Liquids - (Balance to remain as printed).
441.1
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-A
(ii) Bases(alkalis).Examples:hydroxides—ammonium(greater than 10 per-
cent),calcium,potassium(greater than 1 percent),sodium(greater than 1
percent)and certain carbonates—potassium.
(iii) Other corrosives. Examples: bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine and
ammonia.
Note:Corrosives which are oxidizers,e.g.,nitric acid,chlorine,fluorine;or
are compressed gases,e.g., ammonia,chlorine,fluorine;or are water-reactive,
e.g.,concentrated sulfuric acid,sodium hydroxide,are physical hazards in addi-
tion to being health hazards.
4. Other Health Hazards
(i) Carcinogens or suspect carcinogens—Substances which produce or are
suspected of producing or inciting cancer (see definitions, Article 9).
Examples: asbestos, benzene, beryllium, carbon tetrachloride, chloro-
form,diazomethane,P-dioxane,ethylene dichloride,polychlorinated bi-
phenyls(PCBs)and vinyl chloride.
(ii) Target organ toxins—Substances which cause damage to particular organs
or systems(see definition,Article 9).Examples:
Hepatoxins (chemicals which produce liver damage): carbon tetrach-
loride and nitrosamines.
Nephrotoxins(chemicals which produce kidney damage):halogenated
hydrocarbons and uranium.
Neurotoxins(chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the
nervous system):mercury and carbon disulfide.
Blood or hematopoistic system toxins(chemicals which decrease hemo-
globin function,deprive the body tissues of oxygen):carbon monoxide
and cyanides. _`-
Pulmonary damage agents (chemicals which irritate or damage the
lungs):silica and asbestos.
Reproductive toxins[chemicals which affect the reproductive capabili-
ties,including chromosomal damage(mutations)and effects on fetuses
(tersiogenesis)]:lead and DBCP.
Cutaneous hazards [chemicals which affect the dermal layer(skin)]:
ketones and chlorinated compounds. '-
Eye hazards(chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity):organic
solvents and acids.
(iii) Irritants—Substances other than corrosives which cause a reversible in-
flammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.
Examples: diphenylaminechloroarsine, xylyl bromide and chlorace-
tophene.
(iv) Sensitizer—Substances which cause an allergic reaction in normal tissue
after repeated exposure.
443
APPENDIX VI-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
3. EVALUATION OF HAZARDS
(a) Degree of Hazard. The degree of hazard present depends upon many
variables which should be considered individually and in combination. Some of
the variables are:
a
a
e
1. Chemical properties of the material.Chemical properties of the material
determine self-reactions and reactions which may occur with other materi-
als. Generally, materials within subdivisions of hazard categories will
exhibit similar chemical properties. However, materials with similar
chemical properties may present very different hazards. Each individual
material should be researched to determine its hazardous properties and
then considered in relation to other materials that it might contact and the
a surrounding environment.
2. Physical properties of the material.Physical properties,such as whether
a material is a solid,liquid or gas at ordinary temperatures and pressures,
considered along with chemical properties will determine requirements for
containment of the material.Specific gravity(weight of a liquid compared
to water) and vapor density (weight of a gas compared to air) are both
physical properties which are important in evaluating the hazards of a
material.
3. Amount and concentration of the material. The amount of material
present and its concentration must be considered along with physical and
chemical properties to determine the magnitude of the hazard. Hydrogen
peroxide for example, is used as an antiseptic and a hair bleach in low
concentrations (approximately 8 percent in water solution). Over 8 per-
cent, hydrogen peroxide is classed as an oxidizer and is toxic. Above 90
percent it is a Class 4 oxidizer "that can undergo an explosive reaction
when catalyzed or exposed to heat,shock or friction,"a definition which
incidentally also places hydrogen peroxide over 90 percent concentration
in the unstable(reactive)category. Small amounts at high concentrations
may present a greater hazard than large amounts at low concentrations.
4. Actual use,activity or process involving the material.The definition of
handling,storage and use in closed systems refer to materials in packages
or containers. Dispensing and use in open containers or systems describe
situations where a material is exposed to ambient conditions or vapors are
liberated to the atmosphere.Dispensing and use in open systems then,are
generally more hazardous situations than handling,storage or use in closed
systems.The actual use or process may include heating,electric or other
sparks,catalytic or reactive materials and many other factors which could
e affect the hazard and must therefore be thoroughly analyzed.
5. Surrounding conditions.Conditions such as other materials or processes
in the area, type of construction of the structure,fire-protection features
(e.g., fire walls, sprinkler systems, alarms, etc.), occupancy (use) of
adjoining areas, normal temperatures,exposure to weather,etc.,must be
taken into account in evaluating the hazard.
444
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-A
(b)Evaluation Questions:
1. What is the material?Correct identification is important;exact spelling is
vital.Check labels,MSDS,ask responsible persons,etc.
2. What are the concentration and strength?
3. What is the physical form of the material? Liquids, gases and finely
divided solids have differing requirements for spill/leak control,contain-
ment. =
4. How much material is present?Consider in relation to permit amounts,
exempt amounts (from Group H Occupancy requirements), amounts
which require detached storage and overall magnitude of the hazard.
5. What other materials(including furniture,equipment and building compo-
nents)are close enough to interact with the material?
6. What are the likely reactions?
7. What is the activity involving the material?
8. How does the activity impact the hazardous characteristics of the material?
Consider vapors released or hazards otherwise exposed.
9. What must the material be protected from? Consider other materials,
temperature,shock,pressure,etc.
10. What effects of the material must people and the environment be protected
from?
11. How can protection be accomplished?Consider:
a. Proper containers and equipment
b. Separation by distance or construction
c. Enclosure in cabinets or rooms
d. Spill control,drainage and containment
e. Control systems—ventilation, special electrical,detection and alarm,
extinguishment, explosion venting, limit controls,exhaust scrubbers
and excess flow control
f. Administrative (operational)controls—signage, ignition source con-
trol,security,personnel training,established procedures,storage plans
and emergency plans.
Evaluation of the hazard is a strongly subjective process;therefore,the person
charged with this responsibility must gather as much relevant data as possible so
that the decision will be objective and within the limits prescribed in laws,policies
and standards. =
It may be necessary to cause the responsible persons in charge to have tests
made by qualified persons and/or testing laboratories to support contentions that a
particular material or process is or is not hazardous.See Section 2.301.
a
4. REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS
(a)General. See Appendix V-A"Nationally Recognized Standards of Good
Practices." °
445
APPENDIX VI-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(b)Specific
(i) AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION
Engineering and Safety Service
85 John Street
New York,NY 10038
Special Interest Bulletins
No. Date Title
4 1/71 Liquified Petroleum Gas
7 5/78 Fire and Explosion Hazards of Liquified Flammable
Gas Tanks
20 5150 Bottled Gas Systems and the Need of Safeguarding
Their Inherent Hazards
49 1/71 Cellulose Nitrate
85 4/55 Hydrogen
133 7/63 Polystyrene—Expandable Beads and Foamed Prod-
ucts
143 11/59 Liquified Petroleum Gas Fire Control
145 7/60 Nitroparaffins
161 10/78 Physical and Chemical Properties of Flammable Liq-
uids and Gases
164 1/53 Sodium Nitrate Storage
166 6/52 Fire Department Operations—Hydrogen Explosions
From the Decompositions of Water Under Fire Condi-
tions
178 9/56 Magnesium
199 1/64 Plastics
203 1/57 Organic Peroxides
208 9/56 Sodium
209 9/57 Sodium Hydride Descaling
214 2/74 Calcium Hypochlorite—Swimming Pool Sanitation
247 7/56 Asphalt Protected Metal Roofing and Siding
264 2/52 Fire Hazard of Flammable Fabrics
283 9/50 Film,Motion Picture Cellulose Acetate
289 9/50 Fire Department Operations—Radioactive Materials
293 7/66 Insecticidal Fogging Hazards
295 12/52 Film,Aerial Mapping-Safety and Nitrate Types
€ 303 11155 Fire Department Operations—Protection of Firemen
From Insecticidal Chemicals During a Fire
305 1/59 Fire Department Operations—Atomic Weapons Acci-
dents
306 9/59 Fire Department Operations—Radioactive Material
Incidents
311 7/66 Ammonium Nitrate—Fire-Explosion—Health Haz-
ards
446
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-A
(ii) COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION,INC.(CGA)
1235 Jefferson Davis Highway
Arlington,VA 22202 22
CGA Pamphlets
G-1 Acetylene
G-2 Anhydrous Ammonia
G-3 Sulphur Dioxide
G-4 Oxygen
G-5 Hydrogen
P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases
P-2 Characteristics and Safe Handling of Medical Gases r
(iii) FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH
1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike
Norwood,MA 02062
Data Sheets
ELECTRICAL
5-1 Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Locations
5-8 Static Electricity =_
HAZARDS
7-7 Semiconductor Plants
7-13S/12-
61 S Ammonia Refrigeration Systems
7-14 Protection for Flammable Liquid/Flammable Gas-processing
Equipment
7-19N Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, Solids
(NFPA)
7-19S Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids,Gases,Solids €
7-22 Hydrazine and its Derivatives
7-23N Hazardous Chemicals Data(NFPA) e
7-28 Explosive Materials(NFPA)
7-28N Explosive Materials(NFPA)
7-29 Flammable Liquids in Drums and Small Containers
7-34 Electrolytic Chlorine Process
7-43 Loss Prevention in Chemical Plants
7-44 Spacing of Facilities in Outdoor Chemical Plants
7-45 Chemical Process Control and Control Rooms
7-45S Process Control Houses Subject to External Explosion
7-46/17-11 Chemical Reactors and Reactions -
7-47 Physical Operations in Chemical Plants
7-49/12-65 Emergency Venting of Vessels
7-50 Compressed Gases in Cylinders
7-51/17-12 Acetylene
7-52/17-13 Oxygen
7-53 Liquified Natural Gas(LNG)
447
APPENDIX VI-A UNIFORM FIRE CODE
HAZARDS
7-54 Natural Gas and Gas Piping
7-55/12-28 Liquified Petroleum Gas
7-56 MAPP Industrial Gas
7-58 Chlorine Dioxide
7-60/16-1 Fundamentals of Atomic Energy
7-61/16-2 Radioactive Materials
7-70 Fumigation
7-72/12-10 Catalytic Steam/Hydrocarbon Reformers
7-75 Grain Storage and Milling
7-76 Combustible Dusts
7-80 Organic Peroxides
€ 7-81 Organic Peroxides—Hazard Classification
7-82N Storage of Liquid/Solid Oxidizing Materials(NFPA)
7-83 Drainage for Flammable Liquids
7-84/12-48 Hydrogen Peroxide
7-86 Cellulose Nitrate
7-88 Storage Tanks for Flammable Liquids
7-89 Ammonium Nitrate
7-91 Hydrogen
7-92 Ethylene Oxide
7-94/12-22 Ammonia Synthesis Units
STORAGE
8-OS Commodity Classification
a 8-9 Storage of Plastics and Elastomers
8-10 Coal and Charcoal Storage
BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS
12-22/7-94 Ammonia Synthesis Units
12-23 Aqueous Nitrogen in Fertilizer Plants
12-27 Liquid Chlorine Storage Tanks and Systems
12-28/7-55 Liquified Petroleum Gas
12-48/7-84 Hydrogen Peroxide
NUCLEAR
16-6 Reactor Fuel Elements
(iv) NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION
Batterymarch Park
Quincy,MA 02269
Fire Protection Handbook
Industrial Fire Hazards Handbook
National Fire Codes,specifically the following codes and standards:
No.35 Manufacture of Organic Coatings
No.40 Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film
No.43A Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizing Materials
j No.43B Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations
r.2 No.43C Storage of Gaseous Oxidizing Materials
448
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-A
No.45 Laboratories Using Chemicals
No.48 Storage,Handling and Processing Magnesium
No.49 Hazardous Chemicals Data
No.56A Use of Inhalation Anesthetics
No.56C Laboratories in Health-Related Institutions
No.58 Storage and Handling of Liquified Petroleum Gases
No.61B Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Grain Elevators and Facilities
Handling Bulk Raw Agricultural Commodities
No.61C Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in Feed Mills
No.321 Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
No.325M Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile
Solids =
No.481 Production,Processing,Handling and Storage of Titanium
No.482 Production,Processing,Handling and Storage of Zirconium
No.490 Storage of Ammonium Nitrate .
No.491M Manual of Hazardous Chemical Reactions
No.495 Manufacture,Transportation,Storage and Use of Explosive
Materials
No.651 Manufacture of Aluminum and Magnesium Powder
No.654 Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in the Chemical, Dye,
Pharmaceutical and Plastics Industries
No.655 Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions
No.704 Recommended System for the Identification of the Fire Hazards of
Materials
No.801 Recommended Fire Protection Practice for Facilities Handling.
Radioactive Materials
(v) NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE
Springfield,VA 22161 __
A Method for Determining the Compatibility of Hazardous Wastes,EPA-600/
2-80-076
(vi) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
U.S.Government Printing Office
Washington,DC 20402
Code of Federal Regulation,Title 29
Code of Federal Regulation,Title 49
449
APPENDIX VI-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE
pvlP -APPENDIX VI-B "OPTED.
EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING FOR FIRE EXPOSURE
FOR ABOVEGROUND TANKS
The requirements for emergency venting given in Table No.79.509-A and the
modification factors in Section 79.509(b)4 are derived from a consideration of.
1. Probable maximum rate of heat transfer per unit area;
2. Size of tank and the percentage of total area likely to be exposed;
3. Time required to bring tank contents to boil;
4. Time required to heat unwet portions of the tank shell or roof to a tempera-
ture where the metal will lose strength;
5. Effect of drainage,insulation and the application of water in reducing fire
exposure and heat transfer.
Table No.79.509-A is based on a composite curve which is considered to be
composed of three straight lines when plotted on log-log paper.The curve may be
defined in the following manner:
The first straight line is drawn on log-log paper between the point 400,000
Btu/h,at 20 square feet exposed surface area and the point 4,000,000 Btu/h at 200
square feet exposed surface area.The equation for this portion of the curve is Q
=20,000A.
The second straight line is drawn on log-log graph paper between the points
4,000,000 Btu/h at 200 square feet exposed surface area and 9,950,000 Btu/h at
1,000 square feet exposed surface area.The equation for this portion of the curve
is Q = 199,300A•566.
The third straight line is plotted on log-log graph paper between the points
9,950,000 Btu/h at 1,000 square feet exposed surface area and 14,090,000 Btu/h,
At 2,800 square feet exposed surface area. The equation for this portion of the
curve is Q = 963,400A•338.
O=20,000A O=199,300A-M O=993,400A-6"
A O A O A O
20 400,000 200 4,000,000 1;000 10,000,000
30 600,000 250 4,539,000 1,200 10,593,000
40 800,000 300 59032,000 1,400 11,122,000
50 1,0009000 350 5,491,000 1,600 11,601,000
60 1,200,000 400 5,922,000 1,800 12,040,000
70 1,400,000 500 6,719,000 2,000 12,449,000
80 1,600,000 600 7,450,000 2,400 13,188,000
90 1,800,000 700 8,129,600 2,800 14,000,000
100 2,000,000 800 8,768,000 and over
120 2,400,000 900 9,372,000
140 2,800,000 1,000 10,000,000
160 3,2009000
180 3,600,000
200 4,000,000
450
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-B
For areas exceeding 2,800 square feet it has been concluded that complete fire
involvement is unlikely, and loss of metal strength from overheating will cause
failure in the vapor space before development of maximum possible vapor
evolution rate. Therefore, additional venting capacity beyond the vapor equiv-
alent of 14,090,000 Btu/h will not be effective or required.
For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressures over 1 psig, additional
venting for exposed surfaces beyond 2,800 square feet is believed to be desirable
because,under these storage conditions,liquids are stored close to their boiling
points.Therefore,the time to bring the container contents to boiling conditions
may not be significant. For these situations a heat input value should be deter-
mined on the basis of
Q = 21,000Ao.82
.The flow capacities are based on the assumption that the stored liquid will have
the characteristics of hexane, and the vapor liberated has been transposed to
equivalent free at at 60°F.and 14.7 psia by using appropriate factors in:
CFH = 70.5QLV
where 70.5 is the factor for converting pounds of gas to cubic feet of air;Q = the
total heat input per hour expressed in Btu;L = latent heat of vaporization;and M
= molecular weight.
Poe
Q,Z,i
m 14,090,000
z
C 9,950,000 0 936 R�pa Q= 14,090,000
4,000,000
�,P >
S
Hi 2
Uf
O W
Wy
Y
Oy
400,000
d
20 200 1,000 2,800
A=EXPOSED WETTED SURFACE AREA IN SQUARE FEET
CURVE FOR DETERMINING REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY VENTING
DURING FIRE EXPOSURE
451
APPENDIX VI-13 UNIFORM FIRE CODE
No consideration has been given to possible expansion from the heating of the
vapor above the boiling point of the liquid,its specific heat,or the difference in
density between the discharge temperature and 60°F.,since some of these changes
are compensating.
Since tank vent valves,are ordinarily rated in CFH standard air, the figures
derived from Table No.79.509-A may be used with the appropriate tank pressure
as a basis for valve selection.
The table below gives for a variety of chemicals the constants which can be used
to compute the vapor generated and equivalent free air for liquids other than
hexane,where greater exactness is desired.Inspections of the table will show that
the use of hexane in deriving Table No. 79.509-A provides results which are
within an acceptable degree of accuracy for the listed liquids.
HEAT OF
VAPORIZATION
MOLECULAR BTU PER I.B.AT
CHEMICAL LV-A-f WEIGHT BOILING POINT
Acetaldehyde 1673 44.05 252
Acetic acid 1350 60.05 174
Acetic anhydride 1792 102.09 177
Acetone 1708 58.08 224
Acetonitrile 2000 41.05 312
Acrylonitrile 1930 53.05 265
n-Amyl alcohol 2025 88.15 216
Aniline 1795 93.12 186
Benzene 1493 78.11 169
n-Butyl acetate 1432 116.16 133
n-Butyl alcohol 2185 74.12 254
Carbon disulfide 1310 76.13 150
Chlorobenzene 1422 112.56 134
Cyclohexane 1414 84.16 154
Cyclohexanol 1953 100.16 195
Cyclohexanone 1625 98.14 164
o-Dichlorobenzene 1455 147.01 120
cis-Dichloroethylene 1350 96.95 137
Diethyl amine 1403 73.14 164
Dimethyl acetamide 1997 87.12 214
Dimethyl amine 1676 45.08 250
Dimethyl formamide 2120 73.09 248
Dioxane(diethylene ether) 1665 88.10 177
Ethyl acetate 1477 88.10 157
Ethyl alcohol 2500 46.07 368
Ethyl chloride 1340 64.52 167
Ethylene dichloride 1363 98.97 137
Ethyl ether 1310 74.12 152
Furan 1362 68.07 165
Furfural 1962 96.08 200
(Continued)
452
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-B
(Continued)
HEAT OF
VAPORIZATION
MOLECULAR BTU PER LB.AT
CHEMICAL LAM WEIGHT BOILING POINT
Gasoline 1370-1470 96.0 140-150
n-Heptane 1383 100.20 138
n-Hexane 1337 86.17 144
Hydrogen cyanide 2290 27.03 430
Isoamyl alcohol 1990 88.15 212
Isobutyl alcohol 2135 74.12 248
Isopropyl alcohol 2225 60.09 287
Methyl alcohol 2680 32.04 474
Methyl ethyl ketone 1623 72.10 191
Methyl methacrylate 1432 100.14 143
n-Octane 1412 114.22 132
n-Pentane 1300 72.15 153
n-Propyl acetate 1468 102.13 145
n-Propyl alcohol 2295 60.09 296
Tetrahydro furan 1428 72.10 168
Toluene 1500 92.13 156
Vinyl acetate 1532 86.09 165
o-Xylene 1538 106.16 149
Note:For data on other chemicals,see chemistry handbook.
APPROXIMATE WETTED AREAS FOR HORIZONTAL TANKS
(Wetted Area Equals 75 Percent Total Area)
Tank
Feet 3 4 1 5 8 1 7 1 8 1 9 19 11 12
Tank
Length, APPROXIMATE WETTED AREA OF TANKS WITH FLAT HEADS
Feet
3 32
4 39 55
5 46 65 88
6 53 74 100 128
7 60 84 112 142 173
8 67 93 124 156 190 226
9 74 102 136 170 206 245 286
10 81 112 147 184 223 264 308 353
11 88 121 159 198 239 283 329 377 428
12 95 131 171 213 256 301 350 400 454 509
13 102 140 183 227 272 320 371 424 480 537
14 109 150 194 241 289 339 393 447 506 565
15 116 159 206 255 305 358 414 471 532 594
16 123 169 218 269 322 377 435 495 558 622
17 130 178 230 283 338 395 456 518 584 650
18 137 188 242 298 355 414 477 542 610 678
19 197 253 312 371 433 499 565 636 707
20 206 265 326 388 452 520 589 662 735
21 216 277 340 404 471 541 612 688 763
22 225 289 354 421 490 562 636 714 792
23 235 300 1 368 437 508 584 1 659 740 820
(Continued)
453
APPENDIX VI-B UNIFORM FIRE CODE
(Continued)
Tank
Diameter,
Feet 3 4 1 5 1 5 1 7 1 5 1 9 1 10 11 12
Tank
Length, APPROXIMATE WETTED AREA OF TANKS WITH FLAT HEADS
Feet
24 244 312 383 454 527 605 683 765 848
25 324 397 470 546 626 706 791 876
26 336 411 487 565 647 730 817 905
27 347 425 503 584 668 754 843 933
28 359 440 520 603 690 777 869 961
29 371 454 536 621 711 801 895 989
30 383 468 553 640 732 824 921 1018
31 395 482 569 659 753 848 947 1046
32 496 586 678 775 871 973 1074
33 510 602 697 796 895 999 1103
34 524 619 715 817 918 1025 1131
35 539 635 734 838 942 1051 1159
36 553 652 753 860 966 1077 1187
37 567 668 772 881 989 1103 1216
38 685 791 902 1013 1129 1244
39 701 810 923 1036 1155 1272
40 718 828 944 1060 1181 1301
41 734 847 966 1083 1207 1329
42 751 866 987 1107 1233 1357
43 767 885 1008 1130 1259 1385
44 904 1029 1154 1284 1414
45 923 1051 1178 1310 1442
46 941 1072 1201 1336 1470
47 960 1093 1225 1362 1498
48 979 1114 1248 1388 1527
49 998 1135 1272 1414 1555
50 1157 1295 1440 1583
51 1178 1319 1466 1612
52 1199 1342 1492 1640
53 1220 1366 1518 1668
54 1246 1389 1544 1696
55 1263 1413 1570 1725
56 1437 1593 1753
57 1460 1622 1781
58 1484 1648 1809
59 1507 1674 1839
60 1531 1700 1866
61 1726 1894
62 1752 1923
63 1778 1951
64 1803 1979
65 1829 2007
66 1855 2036
67 2064
68 2092
69 2120
70 2149
71 2177
72 2205
454
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-C
APPENDIX VI-C
"90613E1_CITATION PROGRAM WURPIED
Part I
SCOPE
Many agencies charged with the responsibility of enforcing the Uniform Fire
Code have determined that the issuance of citations is necessary for gaining
compliance in some circumstances. Therefore,the following outline and exam-
ples have been drawn up to assist jurisdictions in the formulation of a citation
program.
(a)Initiating Correspondence.(See Part II,Example No.1.)The first step in
establishing a citation program is to write a letter to the appropriate legal officer of
the jurisdiction stating the need,legal basis and intent to establish a program of
this type. This letter should prompt a reply from the legal officer advising the
enforcing agency of the action necessary to implement the program.
(b)Citation Ordinance.(See Part II,Example No.2 when required.)In a few
jurisdictions the legal officer has advised the enforcing agency that a municipal
ordinance must be passed to allow for the issuance of citations.In such cases,a
model ordinance is provided as an example.
(c)Citation Program.In the majority of cases,the legal officer has required
the enforcing agency to submit the complete program to his or her office for
review and approval.
(d)Components.The necessary components of a complete citation program
include the following:
(i) Operating procedure and policy.(See Part III.)
(ii) Sample forms. (See Part IV; Pre-citation Letter, Sample No. 1; the
Citation,Sample No.2.)
(iii) Bail schedule.(See Sample No.3.)
Part II
EXAMPLES
Example No. 1
Model Citation Initiation Correspondence W�
Address correspondence to the appropriate legal officer in the municipality or
district(i.e.,city attorney or district attorney). �$
�a
Dear Sir: a�
The Fire Department is proposing to initiate a citation program.This
department has determined that there is a need for this type of action and,in some
applications,would appropriately serve the legal process.To date,where we have
been unable to gain compliance through routine inspection, notifications,
reinspections,granting of time,explanations and extensions,we have had to file
455
APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
formal complaints. This process has consistently resulted in extended delays,
continuing violations and added work for legal departments. Also, in special
situations where immediate action must be taken, citations could be issued to
individuals violating the law.
This department is currently required by law to enforce law pertaining to fire
and life safety.Section 2.105 of the Uniform Fire Code reads as follows:
Sec.2.105.Authority of Fire Personnel to Exercise Powers of Police
Officers.The chief and members of the fire prevention bureau shall have
the powers of a police officer in performing their duties under this code.
This provision of the Uniform Fire Code makes it clear that firemen have the
powers of police officers as it pertains to this code.
It would be our intent to continue to follow the normal notice procedure
presently being used and to issue citations only in those situations where it is
deemed applicable. Citations would not be issued at the time of first contact
except in unusual circumstances.
The proposed program would eliminate the clerical and legal work of many
cases which currently must go through the complaint process.
Please review the program as submitted and contact for your
response to the proposed program.
Example No.2
Model Citation Ordinance
ORDINANCE NO.
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ADDING SECTION
TO THE MUNICIPAL CODE,PROVIDING FOR
CITY COUNCIL DESIGNATION OF EMPLOYEES AND
OFFICERS AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE ARREST CITATIONS.
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DOES ORDAIN AS
FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. Chapter of the Municipal Code is hereby
amended by the addition thereto of a new section,to be numbered and
reading as follows:
Issuance of Citations by Designated Officers and Employees.
Officers and employees of the city who have the discretionary duty to
enforce a statute or ordinance may,pursuant to Section of state
law and subject to the provisions hereof,arrest a person without a warrant
whenever any such officer or employee has reasonable cause to believe that
the person to be arrested has committed a misdemeanor in the officer's or
employee's presence which he or she has the discretionary duty to enforce,
and to issue a notice to appear and to release such person on his or her
456
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-C
written promise to appear in court,pursuant to Section of the state
law). No officer or employee shall be allowed by his or her superior to
exercise the arrest and citation authority herein conferred, unless such
officer or employee is within a classification of city officers and employees
designated by resolution of the city council to exercise such arrest and
citation authority as to specified misdemeanor violations. The city man-
ager shall establish and cause to be administered a special enforcement
training program designed to instruct each officer or employee who will
exercise such arrest and citation authority,regarding the provisions of the
statutes and ordinances to be enforced, the evidentiary prerequisites to
proper prosecution for violations thereof, the appropriate procedures for
making arrests or otherwise prudently exercising such arrest and citation
authority, and the legal and practical ramifications and limitations atten-
dant thereto. Any such officers or employees shall be appropriately
instructed to deposit executed citations or notices within the(appropriate
agency)for filing with the court after review for legal sufficiency.
SECTION 2. Effective Date. This ordinance shall be in full force and effect
thirty(30)days after passage.
SECTION 3. Publication. The city clerk is hereby ordered and directed to
certify to the passage of this ordinance and to cause same to be published once in
,a daily newspaper of general circulation,printed,published and circu-
lated in the City of
ADOPTED this day of 19
Part III
OPERATING PROCEDURE
CITATION PROGRAM
Department Policy
The fire prevention bureau shall be responsible for the enforcement of laws and
regulations for the safeguarding,to a reasonable degree,of life and property from
the hazards of fire and explosion and from conditions hazardous to life and
property in the use or occupancy of buildings or premises and their contents.
It is the intent of the department to achieve compliance by traditional means of
inspection,notification,granting of reasonable time to comply and reinspection.
The citation shall be used only after all reasonable means to gain compliance have
failed or,with proper justification,at the discretion of the fire chief.
By department policy,only those members of the fire department specifically
designated by the fire chief may issue citations.
The adoption of the Uniform Fire Code is contained in the Ordinance,
Division , Article , Section , and establishes the proce-
dures for handling violations of said code and applicable city ordinances.
457
APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Purpose
1. To gain compliance with the state and local codes,ordinances and regula-
tions,when all reasonable efforts have been unsuccessful.
2. A course of action to be taken when a condition exists that causes an
immediate and/or extreme threat to life or property from fire and
explosion.
Authority
1. Ordinance, Section , grants authority to use citations for
violations of"any ordinance of the
2. Uniform Fire Code Sections 2.204(a)and 2.205 state that the"chief or his
duly authorized representative shall issue such orders or notices as may be
necessary for the enforcement of the fire prevention laws and ordinances."
3. Pursuant to state law (section), citations for misdemeanors, any local or
state code applicable to fire and life safety may be cited.
Penalty
Ordinances:Not more than$500.00 fine;imprisonment not more than
6 months;or both.A misdemeanor.Each day is a separate offense.
Materials Helpful In Writing a Citation
1. Uniform Fire Code.
2. List of court holidays
3. List of common codes and sections violated.
Officer's Demeanor
The manner in which the officer conducts his relationship with the violator is of
paramount importance. It has an effect on the violator's attitude throughout the
duration of the citing period and a strong bearing on public opinion concerning
this department.A courteous and businesslike demeanor must be displayed,and
at NO TIME should the officer enter into an argument.Remember,most violators
blame the officer, not themselves.An alert,confident manner and a reasonable
attitude may affect the violator, creating a more favorable atmosphere for the
issuance of the citation.
Salutation or Introduction
It is very important for the officer to adequately introduce himself,establish his
identity and the purpose of his presence to the person in charge of the premises.
Reason to Issue Citation
Citations will not normally be issued on the first visit.When routine violations
of the applicable fire code are encountered, citations will generally be issued
following the third visit or second reinspection.
If code compliance has not been obtained on the second visit or the first
reinspection, the inspector should mention the possibility of a citation and the
need to issue one. In all cases,adequate time shall be provided between inspec-
tions.This will vary with the seriousness of the violation and the complexity of
the work to be done.
458
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-C
In those instances where the time limit for compliance has expired but the
violator is doing his best to comply and no immediate fire or life hazard exists,the
decision not to issue a citation can be made by the inspector.
Issuance of Citation
The citation(Notice to Appear)must be signed by the person responsible for
the premises.This may be the owner,lessee or manager,but the citation must be
issued to the responsible person.
Making the Arrest(Issue Citation)
A citation for a misdemeanor offense is an arrest.The violator's signature is a
promise to appear as instructed and the violator is released upon his signing.
Refusal to sign would require physical arrest. (See Refusal to Sign Citation,
below.)
After the officer has made his decision to arrest,he should make the arrest by
notifying the violator that he is arrested,the cause for the arrest and the authority
to make the arrest(enabling state or local law).
Refusal to Sign Citation
The citation is a release stating that the defendant will appear in court or post
bail in lieu of physical arrest.In extreme cases,one may encounter an individual
who will refuse to sign the citation.After all reasonable efforts have been pursued
and a signature is not obtainable,the fire prevention officer will summon a police
officer or sheriff,explain the situation to him,and request a physical arrest(per
state law section).
Accountability
Each citation is numbered and accounted for. A list of all citations will be
maintained in the headquarters fire prevention office according to the area office
of issuance.
If a mistake is made while a citation is being written,it shall be voided and the
office copy given to the fire department citation clerk for filing.
Procedures
1. Routine Violations:
A written notice shall be issued whenever a code violation is encountered.The
notice shall be issued to the persons responsible for the premises or his authorized
representative.
The time established for reinspection may vary depending on circumstances,
but generally within 15-30 days one of the following should occur:
a. Compliance with all requirements.
b. Partial compliance with a designated reinspection date.
c. A satisfactory proposal for compliance with an agreed-upon time for
completion.
d. A final notice issued with a warning of pending legal action.
The amount of time permitted for compliance shall be dependent upon the
hazard and danger created by the violation.Excessive time for compliance may
459
APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
weaken the fire department's position in the event legal action is required.
When deemed necessary by the enforcing agency,a courtesy pre-citation letter
may be issued to warn of a pending citation(see Sample No. 1).Such letters may
be sent by certified mail if the violator is not available.
2. Imminent Hazards:
a. Order hazard abated.
A. If the hazard is abated as requested,follow with a pre-citation letter
advising of a citation procedure for future or similar violations.
Citation may be issued if it is a repeat violation.
B. If the hazard is not abated,inspector takes action necessary to abate
hazard and citation is issued immediately.
3. Transient Violators(violations not occuring at a permanent place of
business):
a. Violations involving persons who are transient are handled by a citation
or by arrest if the violation is committed in the inspector's presence.
b. When a physical arrest is necessary, a local law enforcement officer
(sheriff or police)shall be requested to take the violator into custody
and to ensure proper procedures are followed.
4. Citation Procedures: -
a. Adults being cited(19 years or older)must be able to be reached in the
event a bench warrant is issued.
b. Adults cited shall be cited in the local judicial court.
c. Juveniles shall be cited into juvenile court.
d. Citation books shall be issued by citation number to the assigned
inspector.The inspector is accountable for each citation by number.
e. Citation shall be filled out completely and correctly and all pertinent
information entered.
f. When the citation is written and completed,copies will be distributed as
follows:
A. Cited person's copy—give to violator.
B. Court copy (original)—attach copies of inspection notices and a
summary sheet and deliver to the district attorney or the city
attorney.
C. File copy (fire department's copy)---forward to the fire chiefs
office;a duplicate will be returned to the field office for the occu-
pancy file.
g. The fire department shall keep a citation log entering each citation and
final disposition.
Restrictions
1. Citations shall be issued only after all responsible means to gain voluntary
compliance have been exhausted as supported by documentation.
EXCEPTION:Citations issued for violations which present imminent life haz-
460
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-C
ards such as trespassing in a closed area, smoking in closed or restricted areas,
failure to obey lawful orders of a fireman, faulty equipment or procedures, and
violations of a similar nature will not require prior justification.
2. Citations shall be issued only by qualified officers as designated by the fire
chief.
Use of Citation
1. Citations shall be used only where a violation of a specific section of the
appropriate code or ordinance has occurred.
2. Documentation establishing prior efforts to gain compliance shall be in
evidence.
EXCEPTION:Citations issued for violations which present imminent life haz-
ards such as trespassing in a closed area, smoking in closed or restricted areas,
failure to obey lawful orders of a fireman, faulty equipment or procedures, and
violations of similar nature will not require prior justification.
3. Issuing person shall be qualified as required by state law.
4. The offense for which the citation is issued shall be a misdemeanor and
NOT a felony.
5. The date to appear as shown on the citation shall be as set forth by the local
municipal court from the date of issuance.
6. Whenever the issuing person questions the uncertainty of releasing the
violator upon signing the citation on his promise to appear,the assistance of
a sheriff or police officer should be requested.
7. All violations shall be indicated on the citation with reference to the
appropriate code or regulations,including the specific section number.
8. All violations as shown on the citation shall be explained to the violator
prior to his signing.
461
APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Part IV
SAMPLES
Sample No. 1
Pre-citation Letter
Date
Certified Mail—Return receipt requested
Delivered in person
Dear Mr.
The Fire Department conducted a fire safety inspection at the
following:
Name
Address
on(date)
At that time a notice was issued indicating the corrections required to provide
compliance with the applicable codes,regulations and ordinances.Compliance is
required by the Uniform Fire Code,Section 3.102.
Reinspections were made on (date of reinspection) in an attempt to gain
compliance with the above-mentioned Fire Code regulations. We were unsuc-
cessful in obtaining compliance.
This letter is to inform you that a fire inspector for the Fire Depart-
ment will make a reinspection at the above-mentioned establishment on
to determine if the necessary corrections have been made. If the
necessary corrections have not been completed by , a citation will be
issued which will require an appearance by you in court.
This letter is written as a courtesy to you in order to avoid future litigation.
Name
Title
462
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-C
Sample No.2
FORMS APPROVED BY JUDICIAL COUNCIL
[Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation]
FACE SIDE OF THE FORM
CITY of
NOTICE TO APPEAR NO.0001
DATE TIME DAYOFWEEK
19 M
NAME(FIRST,MIDDLE,LAST)
RESIDENCE ADDRESS CITY
BUSINESS ADDRESS CITY
DRIVER'S LICENSE NO. STATE CLASS BIRTHDATE
SEX HAIR EYES HEIGHT WEIGHT OTHER DES.
M F
EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION
BIRTHPLACE SOCIAL SECURITY NO,
VEHICLE LICENSE NO. STATE
YEAR OF VEHICLE I MAKE MODEL BODY STYLE o COLOR
OFFENSE(S) LCODE SECTION DESCRIPTION
rEVIDENCE SEIZED BOOKING
l REQUIRED
LOCATION OF OFFENSE(S)COMMITTED
❑OFFENSE(8)NOT COMMITTED IN MY PRESENCE CERTIFIED ON INFORMATION AND BELIEF.I CERTIFY UNDER PENALTY OF
PERJURY THAT THE FOREGOING 18 TRUE AND CORRECT.EXECUTED ON THE DATE SHOWN ABOVE AT
ISSUING OFFICER �SERIACN0.
(PLACE) CALIF.
NAME OF ARRESTING OFFICER—IF DIFFERENT FROM ABOVE SERIAL NO, VACATION DATED
TO
WITHOUT ADMITTING GUILT,I PROMISE TO APPEAR AT THE TIME AND PLACE CHECKED BELOW.
X SIGNATURE
BEFORE A JUDGE OR A CLERK OF THE MUNICIPAL OR JUSTICE COURT
(ADDRESS)
DATE
19 M 5 DAYS
r
FORM APPROVED BY THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF
SEE REVERSE SIDE
Grey areas indicate spaces subject to local or agency requirements.
(Continued) 463
APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
RULES OF COURT
[Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation]
REVERSE SIDE OF VIOLATORS COPY
IMPORTANT—READ CAREFULLY
WARNING:
WILLFUL FAILURE TO APPEAR AS PROMISED IS A SEPARATE VIOLATION FOR WHICH YOU MAY BE
ARRESTED AND PUNISHED BY 6 MONTHS IN JAIL AND/OR$500.00 FINE,REGARDLESS OF
THE DISPOSITION OF THE ORIGINAL CHARGE.
OFFICE OF COURT CLERK—HOURS °
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464
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-C
FORMS APPROVED BY JUDICIAL COUNCIL
[Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation]
REVERSE SIDE OF COURT COPY
BAIL:
THE DEFENDANT IS TO BE ADMITTED TO BAIL IN THE SUM OF
DOLLARS
JUDGE
BOOKING:(TO BE ORDERED ONLY ON THE REQUEST OF ARRESTING OFFICER)THE DEFENDANT
IS ORDERED TO REPORT TO THE[NAME OF THE ARRESTING AGENCY]AT[ADDRESS.]
AND TO BE BOOKED AS PROVIDED BY LAW
JUDGE _
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465
APPENDIX VI-C UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Sample No.3
Bail Schedule
INSERT LOCAL ORDINANCES WHERE APPLICABLE
SECTION OFFENSE BAIL
Article 3
3.101 Unlawful Continuance of Hazard $500.00
3.102 Noncompliance with Order or Notice 500.00
3.103 Unlawful Use with Tag Affixed 500.00
3.104 Unlawful Removal of Tag 500.00
All other violations are$75.00 plus court costs. Fines are forfeitable on first
offense and mandatory appearance is required on second offense.
466
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-D
ff"UPTEU
In DWPTED
APPENDIX VI-D
REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE
UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
467
A a
TABLE NO.5-A—WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION OF OCCUPANCIES BASED ON LOCATION ON PROPERTY v
TYPES II ONE-HOUR,II-N AND V CONSTRUCTION:For exterior wall and opening protection of Types II One-hour,II-N and V z
buildings,see table below and Sections 504,709,1903 and 2203. g
This table does not apply to Types I,II-ER.,III and IV construction,see Sections 1803,1903,2003 and 2103. x
FIRE RESISTANCE OF OPENINGS IN S
GROUP DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCY EXTERIOR WALLS EXTERIOR WALLS
1—Any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of 1000 or more
in the building Not applicable(See Sections 602 and 603)
2—Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an
A occupant load of less than 1000 and a stage 2 hours less than 10 Not permitted less than
See also 2.1—Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an feet,I hour less than 5 feet
occupant load of 300 or more without a stage,including such buildings 40 feet Protected less than
Section
60 used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E 10 feet
or Group B,Division 2 Occupancy
3—Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an
occupant load of less than 300 without a stage,including such buildings used 2 hours less than 5 Not permitted less than
for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group B,Division feet,1 hour less than 5 feet
2 Occupancy 40 feet Protected less than 10 feet
4—Stadiums,reviewing stands and amusement park structures not included
within other Group A Occupancies I hour less than 10 feet Protected less than 10 feet
1--Gasoline service stations,garages where no repair work is done except
exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame,welding,or use
B of Class I,II or III-A liquids Z
2—Drinking and dining establishments having.an occupant load of less than 50, Notpermitted less than
See also wholesale and retail stores,office buildings,-printing plants,municipal police l hour less than 20 feet 5 feet O
Section and fire stations,factories and workshops using material not highly flamma- Protected less than 10 feet
702 ble or combustible,storage and sales rooms for combustible goods,paint n
stores without bulk handling �p
Buildings or portions of buildings having rooms used for educational pur- m
poses,beyond the 12th grade,with less than 50 occupants in any room n
O
v
m
i
co
co
co
B 3—Aircraft hangars where no repair work is done except exchange of parts and C
maintenance requiring no open flame,welding,or the use of Class I or II Not permitted less than
(Cont.) liquids 1 hour less than 20 feet 5 feet d
Open parking garages(For requirements,See Section 709.) Protected less than 20 feet Z
Helistops
4—Ice plants,power plants,pumping plants,cold storage and creameries
Factories and workshops using noncombustible and nonexplosive materials I hour less than 5 feet Not permitted less than
Storage and sales rooms of noncombustible and nonexplosive materials that 5 feet
are not packaged or crated in or supported by combustible material.
E I—Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by 50 or
See also more persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one day 2 hours less than 5 Not permitted less than
Section 2—Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by less feet, 1 hour less than 5 feet
802 than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per week or four hours in any one day 10 feet' Protected less than 10
3—Any building used for day-care purposes for more than six children feet
H See Chapter 9
N
I 1—Nurseries for the full-time care of children under the age of six(each accom-
See also modating more than five persons) 2 hours less than 5
Section Hospitals,sanitariums,nursing homes with nonambulatory patients and feet, 1 hour elsewhere
1002 similar buildings(each accommodating more than five persons) Not permitfeetted less than 5
2—Nursing homes for ambulatory patients,homes for children six years of age or 1 hour Protected less than 10 feet
over(each accommodating more than five persons)
ffb
ntal hospitals,mental sanitariums,jails,prisons,reformatories and 2 hours less than 5 Not permitted less than y
ldings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained feet, 1 hour elsewhere 5 feet,protected less than V
10 feet m
Z
'Group E,Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies having an occupant load of not more than 20 may have exterior wall and opening protection as required for G
Group R,Division 3 Occupancies. K
A �
Ol �
(Continued)
PG.469 REFERENCE
TABLES FROM UBC
A n
o v
v
m
z
v
x
TABLE NO.5-A—Continued v
TYPES II ONE-HOUR,II-N AND V ONLY
FIRE RESISTANCE OF OPENINGS IN
GROUP DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCY EXTERIOR WALLS EXTERIOR WALLS
Mz 1—Private garages,carports,sheds and agricultural buildings 1 hour less than 3 feet Not permitted less than
(See also Section 1101,Division 1.) (or may be protected 3 feet
on the exterior with
materials approved for
1-hour fire-resistive
construction)
2—Fences over 6 feet high,tanks and towers Not regulated for fire resistance
R 1—Hotels and apartment houses I hour less than 5 feet Not permitted less than
See also Convents and monasteries(each accommodating more than 10 persons) 5 feet
Section
1202 Dwellings and lodging houses I hour less than 3 feet Not permitted less than
3 feet
2For agricultural buildings,see Appendix Chapter 11.
NOTES: (1)See Section 504 for types of walls affected and requirements covering percentage of openings permitted in exterior walls. C
(2)For additional restrictions,see chapters under Occupancy and Types of Construction. Z
(3)For walls facing yards and public ways,see Part IV. p
(4)Openings shall be protected by a fire assembly having a three-fourths-hour fire-protection rating.
T
M
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TABLE NO.5-B—REQUIRED SEPARATION IN BUILDINGS OF MIXED OCCUPANCY
(In Hours) ao
A-1 A-2 A-2.1 A-3 A-4 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 E H-1 H-2 H-3 H-4-5 H-&71 I Mz R-1 R-3 m
v_
rA-2.1
N N N N 4 3 3 3 N 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1
N N N N 3 1 1 1 N 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 z
a
N N N N 3 1 1 1 N z 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1
N N N N 3 N 1 N N °^d 4 4 4 3 3 1 1 1 if3
A-4 N N N N 3 1 1 1 N 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 5
B-1 4 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 l 4 1 33 1
B-2 3 1 1 N 1 1 1 1 I 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
B-3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
x
B-4 3 1 1 N 1 1 1 1 l n 2 1 1 1 4 N 1 1
E N N N I N N 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 I
H-1 Not Permitted in Mixed Occupancies.See Chapter 9. 10 a
H-2 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 2 2 4 h 1 1 2 4 1 4 4
H-3 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 t 3 3
H-4-5 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 n 1 1 1 4 1 3 3
H$71 4 4 4 3 4 1 l 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 3 4 4
w
1 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1
MZ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N 1 ° 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 = D
R-1 1 1 1 1 1 33 l 1 1 1 4 3 3 4 1 1 N m
R-3 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 4 3 3 4 1 1
Note: For detailed requirements and exceptions,see Section 503. K
tt 'For special provisions on highly toxic materials,see Fire Code. G
i zFor agricultural buildings,see also Appendix Chapter 11.
3For reduction in fire-resistive rating,see Section 503(d). '_
a TABLE NO.5-C-BASIC ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA FOR BUILDINGS ONE STORY IN HEIGHT'
N (In Square Feet) M
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION Z
I II III IV V G
OCCUPANCY F.R. F.R. ONE-HOUR N ONE-HOUR N H.T. ONE-HOUR N X
A-1 Unlimited 29,900 Not Permitted
A)2-2.1 Unlimited 29,900 13,500 Not 13,500 Not 13,500 10,500 Not
Permitted Permitted Permitted
A)3-42 Unlimited 29,900 13,500 9,100 13,500 9,100 13,500 10,500 6,000
B)1-2-33 Unlimited 39,900 18,000 12,000 18,000 12,000 18,000 14,000 8,000
B-4 Unlimited 59,900 27,000 18,000 27,000 18,000 27,000 21,000 12,000
E Unlimited 45,200 20,200 13,500 20,200 1 13,500 20,2001 15,700 9,100
H-1 15,000 12,400 5,600 3,700 Not Permitted
H-24 15,000 12,400 5,600 3,700 5,600 3,700 5,600 4,400 2,500
H-3-4-54 Unlimited 24,800 11,200 7,500 11,200 7,500 11,200 8,800 5,100
H-6-7 Unlimited 39,900 18,000 12,000 18,000 12,000 18,000 14,000 8,000
I)1-2 Unlimited 15,100 6,800 Not 6,800 Not 6,800 5,200 Not
Permitted8 Permitted Permitted =_
I-3 Unlimited 15,100 NotPermitted5
M6 See Chapter 11
R-1 Unlimited 129,9001 13,500 1 9,1007 1 13,500 1 9,1007 113,5001 10,500 6,000� Z
R-3 Unlimited n
'For multistory buildings,see Section 505(b). C
w
ZFor limitations and exceptions,see Section 602(a). M
3For open parking garages,see Section 709. N-No requirements for fire resistance 31
4See Section 903. ER.-Fire Resistive m
5See Section 1002(b). H.T.-Heavy Timber n
617or agricultural buildings,see also Appendix Chapter 11. C
7For limitations and exceptions,see Section 1202(b). a
sln hospitals and nursing homes,see Section 1002(a)for exception. m
TABLE NO.5-1)--MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS i
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION ODD
I II III IV Y m
OCCUPANCY F.R. F.R. ONE-HOUR N ONE-HOUR N H.T. ONE-HOUR N C
4
MAXIMUM HEIGHT IN FEET 0
Unlimited 160 65 55 65 1 55 65 50 40 Z
MAXIMUM HEIGHT IN STORIES
A-1 Unlimited 4 Not Permitted
A)2-2.1 Unlimited 4 2 Not 2 Not 2 2 Not
Permitted Permitted Permitted
A)3-4' Unlimited 12 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
B)1-2-32 Unlimited 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2
B-4 Unlimited 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2
E3 Unlimited 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1
H-14 1 1 1 1 Not Permitted
H-24 Unlimited 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
H-3-4-54 Unlimited 5 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
H-6-7 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1
I-15 Unlimited 3 1 Not 1 Not 1 I Not
Permitted Permitted Permitted
1-2 Unlimited 3 2 Not 2 Not 2 2 Not
Permitted Permitted Permitted
1-3 Unlimited 2 Not Permitted6 D
M7 See Chapter 11
R-1 Unlimited 12 4 28 4 28 4 3 28 Z
R-3 Unlimited 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 G
x
IFor limitations and exceptions,see Section 602(a). 7For agricultural buildings,see also Appendix Chapter 11. C
v ZFor open parking garages,see Section 709. Wor limitations and exceptions,see Section 1202(b). C
w 3See Section 802(c).
4See Section 902. N—No requirements for fire resistance
5See Section 1002(a)for exception to the number of stories in hospitals and nursing homes. = F.R.—Fire Resistive
H.T.—Heavy Timber
6See Section 1002(b).
TABLE NO.17-A—TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION—FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS
(In Hours) v
aFor Details see Chapters under Occupancy and Types of Construction and for Exceptions see Section 1705. V
M
TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V Z
v_
NONCOMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE K
Fire. Fire.
BUILDING ELEMENT Resistive Resistive 1-Hr. N 1-Hr. N H.T. 1-Hr. N p
4
Exterior Bearing Walls Sec. I ) 1 N 2003(a) 2003(a) 2 4(a) 1 N
1803(a) 1903(a 103
Interior Bearing Walls 3 2 1 N 1 N 1 1 N
Exterior Nonhearing Sec. 4 l N 4 4 4 1 N,
Walls 1803(a) 1903(a) 1903(a) 2003(a) 2003(a) 2103(it)
Structural Frame' 3 2 1 N 1 N I or 1 N
H.T.
or
Partitions—Permanent 12 12 12 N 1 N Ill T: 1 N
l I
Shaft Enclosures 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1706 1706
Floors-Ceilings/Floors 2 2 1 N 1 N H.T. 1 N
Roofs-Ceilings/Roofs Sec.1806 1906 191 N 1 N H.T. 1 N Z
Exterior Doors and Sec. 1903(b) 1903(b) 1903(b) 2003(b) 2003(b) 2103 (b) 2203 2203 0
Windows 1803(b) 3
N—No general requirements for fire resistance. H.T.—Heavy Timber.
'Structural frame elements in the exterior wall shall be protected against external fire exposure as required for exterior beaking m
walls or the structural frame,whichever is greater n
zFire-retardant treated wood(see Section 407 may be used in the assembly,provided fire-resistance requirements are maintained. 00
See Sections 1801 and 1901,respectively. m
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-D
TABLE NO.33-A—MINIMUM EGRESS AND ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
MINIMUM OF ACCESS BY
TWO EXITS MEANS OF A
OTHERTHAN RAMPORAN
ELEVATORS ARE ELEVATOR MUST
REQUIRED OCCU- BE PROVIDED
WHERE PANT FORTHE
NUMBER OF LOAD PHYSICALLY.
OCCUPANTS IS FACTOR2 HANDICAPPED
USEI AT LEAST (Sq.Ft.) AS INDICATED3
1. Aircraft Hangars
(no repair) 10 500 Yes
2. Auction Rooms 30 7 Yes
3. Assembly Areas,Concen-
trated Use(without fixed seats) 50 7 Yes4 5
Auditoriums
Churches and Chapels
Dance Floors
Lobby Accessory to
Assembly Occupancy
Lodge Rooms
Reviewing Stands
Stadiums
Waiting Area 50 3 Yes4 5
4. Assembly Areas,Less-con-
centrated Use 50 15 Yes4 5 6 '
Conference Rooms
Dining Rooms
Drinking Establishments
Exhibit Rooms
Gymnasiums
Lounges
Stages
5. Bowling Alley(assume no
occupant load for bowling lanes) 50 12 Yes
6. Children's Homes and
Homes for the Aged 6 80 Yes'
7. Classrooms 50 20 Yes8
8. Courtrooms 50 40 Yes -_
9. Dormitories 10 50 Yes?
aw
10. Dwellings 10 34W No J�
11. Exercising Rooms 50 50 Yes
12.Garage,Parking 30 200 Yes'
13. Hospitals and Sanitariums—
Nursing Homes 6 80 Yes
14. Hotels and Apartments 10 200 Yes10
(Continued)
475
APPENDIX VI-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.33-A—MINIMUM EGREES AND ACCESS REQUIREMENTS—
(CGntinued)
MINIMUM OF ACCESS BY
TWO EXITS MEANS OF A
OTHERTHAN RAMP OR AN
ELEVATORS ARE ELEVATOR MUST
REQUIRED OCCU- BE PROVIDED
WHERE PANT FORTHE
NUMBER OF LOAD PHYSICALLY
OCCUPANTS IS FACTOR2 HANDICAPPED
USE1 AT LEAST (Sq.Ft.) AS INDICATED3
15. Kitchen—Commercial 30 200 No
16. Library Reading Room 50 50 Yes'
17. Locker Rooms 30 50 Yes
18. Malls(see Chapter 56) — — —
19. Manufacturing Areas 30 200 Yes'
20. Mechanical Equipment Room 30 300 No
21. Nurseries for Children
(Day care) 7 35 Yes
22. Offices 30 100 Yes?
23. School Shops and Vocational
Rooms . 50 50 Yes
24. Skating Rinks 50 50 on Yes'
the
skating
area;
15 on the
deck
25. Storage and Stock Rooms 30 300 No
_a 26. Stores—Retail Sales Rooms
Basement I I30 Yes
Ground Floor 50 30 Yes
Upper Floors 10 60 Yes
27. Swimming Pools 50 50 for Yes'
the pool
area;
15 on the
deck
28. Warehouses 30 500 No
29. All others 50 100
'For additional provisions on number of exits from Group H and I Occupancies and from
rooms containing fuel-fired equipment or cellulose nitrate,see Sections 3320,3321 and
3322,respectively.
2This table shall not be used to determine working space requirements per person.
;Elevators shall not be construed as providing a required exit.
(Continued)
476
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-D
'Access to secondary areas on balconies or mezzanines may be by stairs only,except when
such secondary areas contain the only available toilet facilities.
5Reviewing stands,grandstands,bleachers,and folding and telescopic bleachers need not
comply.
6Access requirements for conference rooms,dining rooms,lounges and exhibit rooms that
are part of an office use shall be the same as required for the office use.
7Access to floors other than that closest to grade may be by stairs only,except when the only
available toilet facilities are on other levels. .
When the floor closest to the grade offers the same programs and activities available on
other floors, access to the other floors may be by stairs only, except when the only
available toilet facilities are on other levels.
9Access to floors other than that closest to grade and to garages used in connection with
apartment houses may be by stairs only.
10See Section 1214 for access to buildings and facilities in hotels and apartments.
11See Section 3303 for basement exit requirements.
120ccupant load based upon five persons for each alley,including 15 feet of runway.
477
APPENDIX VI-D UNIFORM FIRE CODE
TABLE NO.42-/FLAME-SPREAD CLASSIFICATION
MATERIAL QUALIFIED BY:
Class Flame-spread Index
I 0-25
II 26-75
111 76-200
TABLE NO.42-B—MAXIMUM FLAME-SPREAD CLASS'
ENCLOSED
OCCUPANCY VERTICAL OTHER ROOMSOR
GROUP EXITWAYS EXITWAYS2 AREAS
A I II II3
E I II III
1 I I' 114
H I II III5
B I II III
R-1 I II III
R-3 III III III6
M NO RESTRICTIONS
'Foam plastics shall comply with the requirements specified in Section 1712.Carpeting on
ceilings and textile wall coverings shall comply with the requirements specified in
Sections 4204(b)and 4205,respectively.
zFinish classification is not applicable to interior walls and ceilings of exterior exit bal-
conies.
31n Group A,Divisions 3 and 4 Occupancies,Class III may be used.
4In rooms in which personal liberties of inmates are forcibly restrained,Class I material only
shall be used.
50ver two stories shall be of Class 11.
6Flame-spread provisions are not applicable to kitchens and bathrooms of Group R,Division
3 Occupancies.
1 31n Group 1,Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies,Class II may be used or Class III when the
Division 2 or 3 is sprinklered.
478
1988 EDITION Wr PIED APPENDIX VI-E
APPENDIX VI-E
UNIT CONVERSION TABLES
SI SYMBOLS AND PREFIXES
BASE UNITS
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length Meter to
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Electric current Ampere A
Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin K
Amount of substance Mole mol
Luminous intensity Candela cd
SI SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS
Quantity Unit Symbol
Plane angle Radian rad
Solid angle Steradian sr
SI PREFIXES
Multiplication Factor Prefix Symbol
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 =1018 exa E
1 000 000 000 000 000 =1015 peta P
1 000 000 000 000 =1012 tera T
1 000 000 000 =109 gigs G
1 000 000 =106 mega M
1 000 =103 kilo k
100 =102 hecto h
10 =101 deka da
0.1 =10-1 deci d
0.01 =10-2 centi c
0.001 =10-3 milli m
0.000 001 =10-6 micro µ 'Al
0.000 000 001 =10-9 nano n cc
0.000 000 000 001 =10-12 pico p -x
0.000 000 000 000 001 =10-15 femto f e
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 =10-18 atto a
�W
as
(Continued) $
c
479 2Z
APPENDIX WE UNIFORM FIRE CODE
SI SYMBOLS AND PREFIXE"Continued)
SI DERIVED UNIT WITH SPECIAL NAMES
Ouantlty Unit Symbol Formula
Frequency(of a periodic phenomenon) hertz Hz .1/s
Force newton N kg•m/s2
Pressure,stress pascal Pa N/m2
Energy,work,quantity of heat joule J N•m
Power,radiant flux watt W J/s
Quantity of electricity,electric charge coulomb C A•s
Electric potential,potential difference,
electromotive force volt V W/A
Capacitance farad F C/V
Electric resistance ohm 0 V/A
Conductance siemens S A/V
Magnetic flux weber Wb V•s
Magnetic flux density tesla T Wb/m2
Inductance henry H Wb/A
Luminous flux lumen lm cd•sr
Illuminance lux lx Im/m2
Activity(of radionuclides) becquerel Bq 1/s
Absorbed dose gray Gy J/kg
CONVERSION FACTORS
To convert to multiply by
LENGTH
1 mile(U.S.statute) km 1.609 347
1 yd m 0.9144
1 ft m 0.3048
mm 304.8
1 in mm 25.4
AREA
1 mile2(U.S.statute) km2 2.58999
1 acre(U.S.survey) ha 0.404 687
m2 4046.87
1 yd2 m2 0.836 127
1 ft2 m2 0.092 903
1 in2 mm2 645.16
VOLUME,MODULUS OF SECTION
1 acre ft m3 1233.49
1 yd3 m3 0.764 555
100 board ft m3 0.235 974
1 ft3 m3 0.028 316 8
L(dm3) 28.3168
1 in3 mm3 16387.1
mL(cm3) 16.3871
1 barrel(42 U.S.gallons) m3 .158987
(Continued)
480
1988 EDITION APPENDIX VI-E
CONVERSION FACTOR"Continued)
To convert to multiply by
(FLUID)CAPACITY
1 gal(U.S.liquid)** L* 3.78541
1 qt(U.S.liquid) mL 946.353
1 pt(U.S.liquid) mL 473.177
1 fl oz(U.S.) mL 29.5735
1 gal(U.S.liquid) m3 0.003 785
**1 gallon(UK)approx.1.2 gal(U.S.)
*I liter approx.0.001 cubic meters
SECOND MOMENT OF AREA
1 in4 mm4 416 231
n 0.416 231 x 10-6
PLANE ANGLE
V(degree) rad 0.017 453 3
mrad 17.4533
V(minute) urad 290.888
1"(second) urad 4.848 14
VELOCITY,SPEED
1 ft/s m/s 0.3048
1 mile/h . km/h 1.609 344
m/s 0.44704
VOLUME RATE OF FLOW
1 ft3/s m3/s 0.028 3168
1 ft3/min L/s 0.471 947
1 gal/min L/s 0.063 090 2
1 gal/min m3/min 0.0038
1 gal/h mL/s 1.051 50
1 million gaud L/s 43.8126
1 acre ft/s m3/s 1233.49
TEMPERATURE INTERVAL
1°F °C or K 0.555 556
5/9°C = 5/9 K
EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE(t.°=Tk—273.15)
t-F 1 1 9/5 t-, + 32
MASS
1 ton(short***). metric ton 0.907 185
kg 907.185
I lb kg 0.453 592
1 oz g 28.3495
***I long ton(2240 lb) kg 1016.05
MASS PER UNIT AREA
1 lb/ft2 kg/m2 4.88243
1 oz/yd2 g/m2 33.9057
1 oz/ft2 g/m2 305.152
(Continued)
481
APPENDIX WE UNIFORM FIRE CODE
CONVERSION FACTORS--(Continued)
To convert to munlPty by
DENSITY(MASS PER UNIT VOLUME)
1 lb/W kg/m3 16.0185
1 lb/yd3 kg/m3 0.593 276
1 ton/yd3 t/m3 1.18655
FORCE
1 tonf(ton-force) kN 8.89644
1 kip(1000lbf) kN 4.44822
1 Ibf(pound-force) N 4.44822
MOMENT OF FORCE,TORQUE
1 lbf ft N•m 1.355 82
1 Ibf•in N•m 0.112 985
1 tonf•ft kN•m 2.711 64
1 kip•ft kN•m 1.355 82
FORCE PER UNIT LENGTH
Ilbf/ft N/m 14.5939
l Who N/m 175.127
1 tonf/ft kN/m 29.1878
PRESSURE,STRESS,MODULUS OF ELASTICITY(FORCE PER UNIT AREA)(1 Pe=1 N/m2)
1 tonf/in2 MPa 13.7895
1 tonf/f12 kPa 95.7605
1 kip/in2 Wit 6.89476
1 lbf/in2 kPa 6.89476
1lbf/ft2 Pa 47.8803
Atmosphere kPa 101.3250
1 inch mercury kPa 3.37685
1 foot(water column @32°F) kPa 2.98898
WORK,ENERGY,HEAT(1J=1NHn=1W-e)
1 kWh(550 f-lbf/s) Mj 3.6
1 Btu(Int.Table) kJ 1.05506
J 1055.06
1 ft•lbf J. 1.355 82
COEFFICIENT OF HEAT TRANSFER
1 Btu/(ft-h•°F) I W/(m2•K) 5.67826
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
1 Btu/(ft•h•°F) I W/(m•K) 1.73073
ILLUMINANCE
1 lm/ft2(footcandle) I Ix(lux) 10.7639
LUMINANCE
1 cd/ft2 cd/m2 10.7639
1 foot lambert cd/m2 3.42626
1 lambert kcd/m2 3.18301
482
1988 EDITION INDEX
INDEX
Section
A
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS.......................................................Article 9
ACCESS ROADWAYS,general..............................................................10.207
Bridges...............................................................................10.207(1)
Construction or demolition.................................................................87.103
Hazardous materials,general...........................................................80.301(y)
Dispensing areas....................................................................80.402(c)
High-piled combustible storage.............................................................81.109
Flre hydrants..........................................................................10.301(c)
Industrial plants......................................................................79.1312(b)
Lumberyards.............................................................................30.102
Tents,canopies and temporarryy membrane structures.................................Table No.32.105
Wrecking yards waste matenalhandling plant areas...........................................34.107
ADMINISTRATIVE............................................................:.............Part I
ADOPTION OF UNIFORM FIRE CODE(See page xxvl)
AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES.........................................................Article 32
AIRPORTS,HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS................................................Article 24
Accessory equipment.....................................................................24.119
Aircraft service station,definition............................................................9.103
Application of flammable finishes...........................................................24.105
Bonding and grounding...................................................................24.120
Cleaningparts...........................................................................24.106
Clearance...............................................................................24.302
Combustible storage......................................................................24.112
Construction of aircraft refuelers............................................................24.201
Dispensing flammable or combustible liquids.................................................24.103
Dispensing hose and nozzles..............................................................24.116
Drippans...............................................................................24.107
IIIwags,,,,,',..........................................................................24.304
Federa ..................................................................24.305
Flammable and combustible liquid spillage...................................................24.303
Fueling and defueling.....................................................................24.203
Helistops(general).......................................................................24.301
Loading and unloading....................................................................24.207
Maintenance............................................................................24.206
Openflame......:.......................................................................24.108
Operation,maintenance and use of aircraft refueler units.......................................24.202
Passengers.............................................................................24,208
Portable fire extinguishers.................................................................24.113
Protection of electrical equipment...........................................................24,117
Protection of hose........................................................................24.205
Pumps..................................................................................24.115
Qualified operator........................................................................24.204
Regulations not covered...................................................................24.121
Repairing aircraft.........................................................................24.111
Runningan.gmes.........................................................................24.110
Smoking................................................................................24.109
Smoking,open-flame and service equipment................................................24.209
Spillage of ClassI and IIliquids.............................................................24.303
Transferring fuel..........................................................................24.104
Venting of equipment compartments........................................................24.118
AISLES,general.................................................... .. .. 12.103(c)
In assembly occupancies............................................25.107,25.112,25.205,25.304
In baled storage..........................................................................28,104
In high-piled combustible storage...........................................................81.108
In liquid storage rooms.................................................................79.203 d
In liquid storage warehouses............................................................79.204�d;
ALTER AND ALTERATION,definition.........................................................9.103
ALTERNATE MATERIALS AND METHODS....................................................2:301
AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES(See explosives)................................Table No.77.201
AMMUNITION...............................................................77.106,77.307,77.402
APARTMENT HOUSE,definition.............................................................9.103 ;x
�c
483 a a
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
APPLIANCES
Fireappliances..........................................................................25.111
Heating appliances........................................................................11.404
Heating appliances,maintenance of..................................
....
.......
.....
9.110,11.405
Operating heating,lighting and cooking appliances............................................79.110
APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES,general........................................Article 45
Airport,heliports.........................................................................24.105
APPROVED,definition......................................................................9.103
AREA,definition'...........................................................................9.103
AREA SEPARATIONS,MAINTENANCE OF...................................................10.401
ASHTRAYS...............................................................................25.110
ASPHALT KETTLES........................................................9.103,11.403,87.103(1)
ASSEMBLY,definition......................................................................9.103
ASSEMBLY,PLACES OF(See also PLACES OF ASSEMBLY)................................Article 25
ATRIUM FURNISHINGS....................................................................11.209
ATTIC,STORAGE IN.......................................................................11.207
AUTHORITY..................................................................2.105,2.106,10.101
Rightof entry..............................................................................2.107
AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS...............................................10.308
Alarms..................................................................................10.309
AUTOMOBILE UNDERCOATING............................................................45.501
AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS,JUNK OR WASTE MATERIAL HANDLING PLANTS........Article 34
Accessto area...........................................................................34.107
Burning operations.......................................................................34.104
Pickingrooms...........................................................................34.105
Storage.................................................................................34.103
Welding and cutting.......................................................................34.106
B
BALCONIES
Corridor and exterior exit..................................................................12.105
Definition.................................................................................9.104
BALLOONS,TOY..........................................................................11.401
BARREL,'definition.........................................................................9.104
BASEMENT PIPE INLETS.....................................................10.313,Appendix III-D
BLASTING AGENTS.....................................................................Article 77
BOARD OF APPEALS........................................................................2.303
BOILING POINT,definit Ion..................................................................9.104
BOND
For explosives...........................................................................77.105
For fireworks display......................................................................78.103
BONDING AND GROUNDING
Aircraft refueler units......................................................................24.120
Container filling(flammable and combustible liquids)..........................................79.803
Dry-cleaning equipment..................................................................79.1814
During use,dispensing and mixing of Class I,II or 111-A liquids................................79.802(d)
Eliminating static accumulation........................................................79.806(c)3
Flammable cryogenic fluids................................................................75.106
Loading and unloading facilities........................................................79.807(a)3
Organic coating equipment................................................................50.112
Powdercoating..........................................................................45.603
Tank car loading rack...............................................................79.807(b)3,4
Tank vehicles.................................................................79.1204(d),(1),(m)
BOWLING ALLEYS......................................................................Article 26
Alley resurfacing and refinishing............................................................26.103
Pin refinishing...........................................................................26.104
484
1988 EDITION INDEX
BRIDGE(See access roadways)..........................................................10.207(i)
BUILDING CODE
Definition.................................................................................9.104
Reference tables..................................................................Appendix VI-D
BUILDING OFFICIAL,definition..............................................................9.104
BUILDINGS
Accessroadways........................................................................10.207
Definition.................................................................................9.104
Construction,alteration and demolition.............................................Article 87,10.312
High rise,existing...................................................................Appendix)-B
Sealingof...............................................................................47.107
Unsafe...................................................................................2.201
Vacant..................................................................................11.412
BULK PLANT,definition....................................................................9.104
BULK PLANTS AND TERMINALS(flammable and combustible liquids)..........Article 79,Division XIV
Buildings...............................................................................79.1402
Drainage and waste disposal.............................................................79.1409
Electrical equipment.....................................................................79.1407
Fire Protection..........................................................................79.1410
Ignition sources.........................................................................79.1408
Loading and unloading facilities...........................................................79.1405
Storage................................................................................79.1404
Ventilation..............................................................................79.1403
Wharves...............................................................................79.1406
BULLET RESISTANT,definition..............................................................9.104
BURNING OPERATIONS
Automobile wrecking yards......................................................:.........34.104
Incinerators and open burning ..................................................Article 11,Division I
C
CANDLES
Requirements for use.....................................................................25.116
CARGO TANK,definition....................................................................9.105
CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM............................................Article 33
Buildings................................................................................33.103
Storage and handling.....................................................................33.104
CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS(Pyroxylin)..............................................Article 27
Definition.................................................................................9.105
Display of plastics........................................................................27.103
Fire-protection equipment.................................................................27.105
Sources ofignition........................................................................27.106
Storage and handling.....................................................................27.104
CHEMICAL AND PROCESSING PLANTS.......................................Article 79,Division XV
CHEMICAL PLANT,definition..............................................................79.102
CHIEF,definition...........................................................................9.105
CHIMNEYS
Chimney spark arresters..................................................................11.111
Maintenanceof..........................................................................11.405
CITATIONS.........................................................................Appendix VI-C
CLEANING
Afterfumigation..........................................................................47.109
Parts in aircraft hangars...................................................................24.106
With flammable liquids in garages..........................................................29.103
CLEARANCE
Helistop touchdown area..................................................................24.302
Of combustibles to LPG...................................................................82.109
COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS(storage and handling)...........................................Article 28
Baledstorage............................................................................28.104
Definition.................................................................................9.105
Dust-collecting system....................................................................28.106
Loose storage...........................................................................28.103
485
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Storage bins,definition.....................................................................9.105
Storage of agricultural products............................................................28.105
Storage rooms,definition...........................................................I.......9.105
Storage vaults,definition...................................................................9.105
COMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE MATERIALS..................................Article 11,Division II
Accumulation of waste material.............................................................11.201
Combustible material beneath structure.....................................................11.206
Flammable decorative materials............................................................11.204
Handling................................................................................11.202
Openflame..............................................................................11.205
Storage..........................................................................11.203,11.207
COMPRESSED GASES(general)................................................Article 74,Division I
Bulk oxygen systems at consumer sites .....................................................74.106
Cylinder systems for compressed gases.....................................................74.105
Definition.................................................................................9.105
General safety regulations.................................................................74.108
Storage and use of cylinders........................................................49.104,74.107
Storage containers.......................................................................74.104
COMPRESSED GASES(medical)...............................................Article 74,Division II
Cross connection testing..................................................................74.209
Cylinder storage handling and use..........................................................74.203
Fireprotection...........................................................................74.212
Nonflammable medical gas system.........................................................74.204
Pipe distribution..........................................................................74.205
Purgingg.................................................................................74.210
Shutoftvalves...........................................................................74.206
Stationoutlets...........................................................................74.207
Testing of piping..........................................................................74.208
Warning systems.........................................................................74.211
CONDEMNATION TAG,COMPLIANCE WITH..................................................3.103
CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE(flammable and combustible liquids).........Article 79
Bulk plants and terminals.................................................................79.1404
Dry cleaning plants......................................................................79.1815
Empty containers......................................................................79.201(c)
Fireprotection...........................................................................79.205
General.....................................................................Article 79,Division 11
Industrial plants.........................................................................79.1303
In liquid storage rooms....................................................................79.203
Inli%id storage warehouses...............................................................79.204
Inside liquid storage rooms................................................................79.202
Manner of storage and limitations........................................................79.201(a)
Organic ooating manufacturing...................................................... ..50.105
Outside storage......................................................... Article 79,Division IV
Semiconductor fabrication facilities...........................................51.108,51.109,51.110
Spray-painting facilities................................................................. .45.208
Storage cabinets......................................................................79.201(g)
CONTAINERS(general)
Belowground,definition....................................................................9.104
Calcium carbide(welding).................................................................49.108
Closed,definition..........................................................................9.105
Compressed gases.......................................................................74.104
Cryo�enicfluids..........................................................................75.104
Definition ...............................................................................79.102
Empty(flammable and combustible liquids)...........................................79.409,79.601
LPlocation...........................................................................82.104
Portable tanks,containers and equipment(flammable and combustible liquids)............79.104,79.201
CONTAINERS(cryogenic fluids)................................................Article 75,Division 11
Aboveground............................................................................75.301
goprovaIof..............................................................................75.104
Cntainer pressure-relief devices...........................................................75.202
Design,construction and testing............................................................75.201
Insulation...............................................................................75.204
Nameplate..............................................................................75.205
Pressure-relief vent piping.................................................................75.203
Tanks and vessels—cryogenic transportation................................................75.601
CONVERSION OIL BURNER,definition.......................................................9.105
CORROSION PROTECTION(flammable and combustible liquids)
For tank and piping....................................................... 79.603
Piping,valves an gfittmgs..................................................................79.702
486
1988 EDITION INDEX
CORROSIVE LIQUIDS,definition............................................................9.105
COVERED MALL BUILDINGS............................................................Article 35
CRUDE PETROLEUM,definition.............................................................9.105
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS....................................................................Article 75
Appr oval of containers,equipment and devices...............................................75.104
Container design,construction and testing...................................................75.201
Container pressure-relief devices...........................................................75.202
Containers—Tanks—Vessels..............................................................75.601
Cryogenic in-ground container,definition .....................................................9.105
Cryogenic vessel,definition............................................................. .9.105
Definitions......................................................................Article 9,75.102
Dispensingareas.........................................................................75.108
Drainage or aboveground containers.......................................................75.302
Electrical equipment......................................................................75.105
Electrical grounding or bonding.............................................................75.106
Fire protection............ ...75.109
Flammable cryogenic fluids,definition....................................................... 9.108
Installation of aboveground containers......................................................75.301
Installation of belowground concrete containers...............................................75.304
Installation of cryogenic in-ground containers.................................................75.305
Insulation...............................................................................75.204
Loading and unloading area...............................................................75.501
Location of aboveground containers with respect to exposure...................................75.303
Location of belowground and in-ground containers with respect to exposure......................75.306
Location of containers with respect to dikes..................................................75.307
Nameplate..............................................................................75.205
Piping,materials and construction..........................................................75.401
Pressure-relief vent piping.................................................................75.203
Safety factor,definition.....................................................................9.121
Systems,definition........................................................................9.121
Valves and accessory equipment...........................................................75.402
Vehicles.................................................................................75.602
Warninglabels...........................................................................75.107
CYLINDERS
Cylinder systems for compressed gases(general) ............................................74.105
Cylinder,storage,handling and use(medical gases)...........................................74.203
Manifolding..............................................................................49.103
Storage and use..................................................................49.104,74.107
D
DECORATIVE MATERIALS,FLAMMABLE...................................................11.204
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS................................................Part II,Article 9
DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS............................................................Article 87
DIP TANKS...................................................................Article 45,Division III
Coating operations.......................................................................45.310
Constructionof..........................................................................45.303
Diptank covers..........................................................................45.308
Electrical or other sources of ignition........................................................45.305
Fire-extinguishing equipment..............................................................45.307
Hardening and tempering tanks............................................................45.309
Location of operations....................................................................45.301
Operations and maintenance..............................................................45.306
Storage and handling of flammable liquids...................................................45.304
Ventilation...............................................................................45.302
DISPENSING
Areas(for cry ens)............ .......................................................75.108
Hose and nozz e—aircraft service station....................................................24.116
In inside use,dispensing and mixing room(flammable and combustible liquids)...................79.802
In liquid storage rooms(flammable and combustible liquids)....................................79.203
In service station..................................................................... .79.903
Of flammable liquids.................................................24.103,79.203,79.408,79.806
Outside(flammable and combustible liquids)......................................:..........79.806
Use,dispensing and mixing(flammable and combustible liquids)..................Article 79,Division Vill
DISTILLERIES(See also REFINERIES AND DISTILLERIES).....................Article 79,Division XVI
DOORS(See EXIT WAYS,MAINTENANCE OF)
DRAINAGE AND WASTE DISPOSAL,service station .........................................79.907
487
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
DRY-CLEANING PLANTS(with flammable and combustible liquids)............Article 79,Division XVIII
Bonding and grounding..................................................................79.1814
Electrical equipment....................:................................................79.1808
Fire protection..........................................................................79.1816
Heating equipment......................................................................79.1808
Machines..............................................................................79.1811
Scouring,brushing and spotting...........................................................79.1815
Smoking prohibited......................................................................79.1817
Stills...................................................................................79.1812
Systems classification...................................................................79.1802
Tumblers,dryers and cabinets............................................................79.1813
DRY-CLEANING PLANTS(with noncombustible liquids)....................................Article 36
DUST,definition............................................................................9.106
DUST EXPLOSIONS,PREVENTION OF....................................................Article 76
General requirements.....................................................................76.103
DWELLING,definition......................................................................9.106
E
ELECTRICAL...........................................................................Article 85
Abatement of electrical hazard.............................................................85.104
Access.................................................................................85.108
Definitions..............................................................................85.102
Electricalmotors.........................................................................85.105
Extension cords..........................................................................85.106
Multiplug adapters........................................................................85.107
Nonapproved appliances..................................................................85.109
Temporary wiring.........................................................................85.103
ELECTRICAL CODE,definition..............................................................9.107
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Bulk plants(flammable and combustible liquids).............................................79.1407
Connection with oil-burnin?equipment......................................................61.104
Flammable and cryogenic iquids...................................................75.105,79.1808
Fruit-ripening processes...................................................................46.104
Industrial plants.........................................................................79.1309
Service stations..........................................................................79.905
Spraying operations(flammable finishes)....................................................45.105
Within 25 feet of loading rack(flammable and combustible liquids)...............................79.807
ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS(spray finishing)................................Article 45,Division IV
Controls................................................................................45.402
Equipment type and location...............................................................45.401
Guardsand signs........................................................................45.403
Maintenance............................................................................45.404
Ventilation...............................................................................45.405
EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING FOR FIRE EXPOSURE FOR
ABOVEGROUND TANKS..................................................79.509(b),Appendix VI-B
ENCLOSURE,EXIT........................................................................12.109
ENTRY,RIGHT OF..........................................................................2.107
EXECUTIVE BODY,definition................................................................9.107
EXIT WAYS,MAINTENANCE AND OCCUPANT LOAD CONTROL.............................Article 12
Corridors................................................................................12.105
Definitions............................................................... Article 9,12.102
Discharge and dispersal areas............................................9.106,12.109,25.205(b)2
Doors...........................................................................12.104,25.106
Exit corridors............................................................................12.105
Exit,definition.:...........................................................................9.107
Exit obstruction............................................................12.103,32.112,35.104
Exit passageways..................................................................9.107,12.112
Exit ways and aisles,plan of...............................................................25.112
Horizontalexit............................................................................9.110
Occupant load control.........................................................Article 12,Division II
Ramps..................................................................................12.106
Required width in tents....................................................................32.112
Signs and illumination......................................................12.107,12.108,25.113
Stairways...............................................................................12.106
Useof..................................................................................25.109
488
1988 EDITION INDEX
EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS...................................................Article 77
American table of distances.......................................................Table No.77.201
Atterminals.............................................................................77.303
Blasting agents(general)..................................................................77.304
Bondrequired...........................................................................77.105
Class magazines........................................................................77.203
Classll magazines.......................................................................77.204
Definitions.............................................................................Article 9
Disposal of waste explosives and fireworks..................................................77.410
Emergency procedure....................................................................77.404
Exceptions...............................................................................77.102
Explosive operations......................................................................77.408
General requirements.....................................................................77.106
Gunpowder..............................................................................77.202
Intralinedistance.........................................................................77.405
Intraline separation of operating buildings....................................................77.406
Location of explosive detonations for testing..................................................77.409
Manufacturing,assembling and testing......................................................77.401
Mixing blasting a9ents....................................................................77.305
Operation-buildings and equipment........................................................77.407
Permits required...................................................................4.101,77.104
Plansof plant............................................................................77.402
Seizure of explosives and blasting agents....................................................77.307
Storage of explosives.....................................................................77.201
Training 77.403
Transportation of blasting agents...........................................................77.306
Transportation of explosives...............................................................77.302
Use and handling of explosives.............................................................77.301
EXTENSIONCORDS.......................................................................85.106
F
FABRICATION AREAS(semiconductor facilities)..........................................Article 51
FALSE ALARMS...................................................................11.362,14.108
FEDERAL AVIATION APPROVAL............................................................24.305
FENCE—Refineries......................................................................79.1607
FILM,CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE
Buildings................................................................................33.103
Handling................................................................................33.104
Storage_offilm...........................................................................33.104
FIRE
Appliance,definition.......................................................................9.108
Assembly,definition .......................................................................9.108
Barrier,definition..........................................................................9.108
Chief,definition...........................................................................9.105
Door,definition............................................................................9.108
Hazard,definition .........................................................................9.108
Marshal..................................................................................2.104
Nuisance,definition........................................................................9.108
Prevention bureau.........................................................................2.103
Prevention engineer.......................................................................2.104
Separation,definition......................................................................9.108
FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
Automatic,definition.......................................................................9.103
General requirements..................................................................Article 14
In apartments and hotels................................................................Article 14
In organic coating manufacturing facilities....................................................50.113
FIRE APPLIANCE
Assembly buildings,maintenance of........................................................25.111
Definition.................................................................................9.108
Tamperingwith...........................................................................10.202
Typerequired............................................................................10,301
FIRE ASSEMBLY FOR PROTECTION OF OPENINGS,MAINTENANCE OF.......................10.402
FIRE BARRIER
Definition.................................................................................9.108
Tamperingwith...........................................................................10.204
489
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
FIRE DEPARTMENT,INTERFERENCE WITH.................................................10.102
FIRE DOORS,IDENTIFICATION..........................................................10.402(c)
FIRE EQUIPMENT,TAMPERING WITH.......................................................10.201
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Airports and heliports.....................................................................24.113
Buldings under construction...............................................................87.103
Defective—sale of defective extinguishers...................................................10.304
Diptank vicinity..........................................................................45.307
Inlumberyards........................................................................30.104(b)
Intents or air-supported structures..........................................................32.109
Sale of defective.........................................................................10.303
Standardsfor............................................................................10.301
Vaporizing liquid(types prohibited)..........................................................10.303
Whererequired..........................................................................10.301
FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS(general)
Approval.............................................................................10.308(b)
General.................................................................................10.305
Maintenance............................................................................10.302
Restauranthoods........................................................................10.313
Standards for installation..................................................................10.305
Test procedures for................................................................Appendix111-C
FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS(where required)
Alternate for access roadways...........................................................10.207(b)
Basements in existing buildings.......................................................Appendix I-A
Combustible fiber storage vaults............................................................28.103
Corridor protection in existing buildings........................................Appendices I-A and I-B
Dip tanks(flammable finishing)................................. 45.307
Flammable and combustible liquid facilities..79.202,79.203,79.201(e),79.204(b),79.301,79.510,79.804
General requirements for all occupancies....................................................10.306
High-piled combustible storage.............................................................81.106
High-rise buildings(existing)..........................................................Appendix)-B
Magnesium storage......................................................................48.109
Organic peroxide coating..................................................................45.702
Restaurant hoods........................................................................10.314
Semiconductor fabrication facilities.............................................51.106(c),51.107(c)
Special hazards.......................................................................10.301(b)
Spraybooths............................................................................45.209
Testing of Fire-extinguishing systems.................................................Appendix III-C
FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING.........................................Appendix III-A
FIRE HAZARDS
Building or vehicle,use stopped.............................................................2.204
Definition.................................................................................9.108
Inlumber yards..........................................................................30.103
Prohibited...............................................................................11.116
Unlawful continuance of....................................................................3.101
FIRE HYDRANT LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION.......................................Appendix III-B
FIRE HYDRANT OR FIRE APPLIANCE,TAMPERING WITH....................................10.202
FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU................................................................2.103
FIRE PROTECTION(See also FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS)............................Article 10
Authority at fires and other emergencies.....................................................10.101
Authority to barricade.....................................................................10.103
Basement pipe inlets........................................................10.311,Appendix111-D
Buildings under construction...............................................................10.310
Cellulose nitrate plastic facilities............................................................27.105
Closure of roads or trails..................................:..............
..................
10.205
Fire-extinguishing systems,installation requirements..........................................10.305
Fire-protection equipment—spray booths or spray rooms......................................45.208
For restaurant hood and duct ventilation systems.............................................10.313
Hydrant use approval.....................................................................10.203
Installation of fire-protection system.........................................................10.301
Interference with fire department...........................................................10.102
Maintenance,fire-protection systems and appliances..........................................10.302
Obstruction of fire-protection equipment............................................... .10.206
Operations at fires or other emergencies.........................................Article 10,Division I
Premises identification....................................................................10.208
Recreational vehicle and mobile home parks.................................................10.304
Sale of defective fire extinguishers..........................................................10.303
Systems(general) ...........................................................Article 10,Division III
490
1988 EDITION INDEX
Tampering with barricades,etc..............................................................10.204
Tampering with fire equipment.............................................................10.201
Tampering with fire hydrant or fire appliance..................................................10.202
Vaporizing liquid extinguishers........................................................... .10.303
Wet standpipes.......................................................................10.309(d)
FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT,OBSTRUCTION OF.........................................10.206
FIRE REPORTING AND FALSE ALARMS........................................Article 11,Division III
Falsealarms.............................................................................11.302
Reporting of fires.........................................................................11.301
FIRE RESISTIVE
Construction,definition.....................................................................6.108
Construction,maintenance of..............................................................10.401
Rating,definition............ ... .... ...............................................9.108
Standards(tents and air-supported structures) ...............................................32.107
FIRE ROADS,CLOSURE OF................................................................10.205
FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEM,INSTALLATION OF............................................10.301
FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION,ALTERATION OR DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING.....Article 87
Alterations of buildings.....................................................:..............87.104
Approval................................................................................87.102
Fire safety during construction.............................................................87.103
Fire safety during demolition...............................................................87.105
FIREWORKS........................................................................... Article 78
Bond for fireworks display required.........................................................78.103
Definition.................................................................................9.108
Disposal of unfired fireworks...............................................................78.104
Exceptions..............................................................................78.105
Permits for manufacture,sale and discharge.................................................78.102
Seizure of fireworks......................................................................78.106
FLAME-PRODUCING DEVICES OR TORCHES,USE OF.......................................11.408_
FLAME RETARDANT,definition.............................................................9.108
FLAMMABLE ANESTHETIC,definition.......................................................9.108
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS...............................................Article 79
Abandonment and status of tanks...........................................................79.115
Boilover,definition.........................................................................9.104
Boiling point,definition.............. ... .. .... .. ....... ......................... 9.104
Bonding and grounding for Class II and Class III systems(dry cleaning).........................79.1815
Buildings(bulk plants)...................................................................79.1402
Bulk plants and terminals.................................................................79.1401
Chemical and processing plants...........................................................79.1501
Chemical plant,definition...................................................................9.105
Class I systems(dry-cleaning plants)......................................................79.1802
Class 11 systems(dry-cleaning plants)......................................................79.1802
Gass III systems(dry-cleaning plants)............ ......................................79.1802
Class IV systems(dry-cleaning plants).....................................................79.1802
Classification(dry-cleaning plants)........................................................79.1802
Cleaning with flammable liquids............................................................79.112
Combustible liquid,definition................................................................9A05
Container and portable tank storage inside buildings..........................................79.201
Container and portable tank storage outside buildings.........................................79.401
Container—filling facilities.................................................................79.803
Corrosion protection......................................................................79.603
Definitions......................................................................Article 9,79.102
Design and construction of inside use,dispensing and mixing rooms.............................79.804
Design and construction of tanks...................................79.105,79.301(c),79.502,79.602
Dispensing,definition......................................................................9.106
Dispensing equipment.................................................................79.802(b)
Dispensing hose and nozzle(airports)......:................................................24.116
Dispensing in inside use,dispensing and mixing rooms........................................79.802
Dispensing outside of buildings.............................................................79.806
Dispensing services......................................................................79.903
Drainage and waste disposal.............. .......................................79.907,79.1409
Drainage dikes and walls for aboveground tanks..............................................79.508
Dry-cleaning plants......... ... ....... .. ...........................................79.1801
Drying tumblers and cabinets(dry-cleaning plants)....................................... .79.1813
Electrical equipment.............................................79.905,79.1309,79.1407,79.1809
Empty containers......................................................................79.201(c)
Extractors(dry-cleaning plants)...........................................................79.1813
Farms and construction projects................................. ........................79.1001
491
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Fence..........................................................................79.406,79.1607
Fire protection ........79.116,79.205,79.303,79,410,79.511,79.805,79.908,79.911,79.1112,79.1207,
79.1410,79.303,79.1517,79.1610,79.1816
Flammable liquid,definition................................................................9.108
Floating roof tank defined...............................................................79.503(b)
Foundations and supports...................... ...................................79.505,79.704
Full trailers and semitrailers...............................................................79.1203
Heating equipment...............................................................79.906,79.1808
Housekeeping..........................................................................79.1311
Industrial plants.........................................................................79.1301
Inside liquid storage room.................................................................79.202
Inside of buildings(stationary tanks)........................................................79.301
Inside use,dispensing and mixing room.....................................................79.804
Liquid storage room,inside defined.........................................................79.102
Liquid storage rooms..............................................................79.102,79.203
Liquid warehouses.......................................................................79.204
Loading and unloading facilities............................................79.807,79.1405,79.1511
Manner of storage.............................................79.201(f),79.202(c),79.203,79.204
Marine service stations..............................................................9.115,79.910
Marking of tanks and containers(farms and construction projects)..............................79.1004
Materials and design piping,valves and fittings...............................................79.701
Mixing,definition.........................................................................79.102
Operating heating,lighting and cooking appliances............................................79.110
Operation of tank vehicles................................................................79.1204
Outside dispensing.......................................................................79.806
Outsidestorage..........................................................................79.401
Parking and garaging....................................................................79.1206
Permits required..........................................4.101,79.1002,79.1102,79.1201,79.1803
Pipejoints...............................................................................79.706
P1p,nvalves and fittings............................... .................79.701
................Port
a tank storage(outside).............................................................79.401
Portable tanks,containers and equipment...................................................79.104
Pressure delivery service stations..........................................................79.904
Pressure vessels........................................................................79.1605
Protection against corrosion...............................................................79.603
Quantities owed within specified buildings...............................................79.201(a)
Reactive materials.....................................................................79.201(b)
Refineries and distilleries.................................................................79.1601
Scouring,brushing and spotting(dry cleaning)..............................................79,1815
Service stations...................:......................................................79.901
Service stations located inside buildings.....................................................79.909
Signs.......................................................... 79.1110
Smoking.......................................................
79.908,79.1008,79.1105,79.1817
Soundproofing material..................................................................79.1108
Sources of ignition.......................................................79.114,79.1305,79.1408
Spacing netween adjacent tanks............................................................79.504
Stairs,platforms and walkways.............................................................79.506
StatiSte n . .....................................................79.807(a)3,79.807(b)3
c
protection
storage,aboveground outside of buildings.....................................79.501
Stationary tank st
Stationary tank storage,inside buildings.....................................................79.301
Stills and condensers(drycleaning).......................................................79.1812
Storage and use,service stations and dry cleaning....................................79.902,79.1809
Storagecabinets......................................................................79.2011
Storage in inside liquid storage rooms.......................................................79.202
Storage(manner of).........;............79.201,79.203(d).79.204(c),79.403,79.404,79.601,79.902,
79.1303,79.1404,79.1507,79.1603
Storage of flammable and combustible liquids on farms and construction projects...........:....79.1001
Support of tanks in buildings...............................................................79.301
Supports,foundations anTanchorage................................................79.506,79.704
Swing joints.............................................................................79.705
Tank connections for aboveground tanks....................................................79.509
Tank connections for tanks in buildings......................................................79.302
Tank connections for underground,outside or under buildings...........................:......79.604
Tank,emergency relief venting.......................................................Appendix VI-13
Tank identification........................................................................79.109
Tink storage underground,outside or under buildings.........................................79.601
Tankvalves..............................................................................79.508
Tank vehicle loading racks.................................................................79.807
Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids.........................................79.1201
Testing .......79.301(a),79.605,79.708
's'n ... .....................................................Transfer in process areas,organic coatings...............................................:..50.110
Transportation pipelines..................................................................79.1701
Unde vround:outside or under buildings.....................................................79.211
Unlawful sale of flammable liquids..........................................................79.111
Unloading operations.....................................................................79.808
Use,dispensing and mixing................................................................79.801
Use of flammable or combustible liquids.....................................................79.801
492
1988 EDITION INDEX
Valves..................................................................................79.304
Vaporrecovery...........................................................................79.912
Ventilation...............................................................................79.604
Warning labels for containers of flammable liquids ............................................79.107
Warningsigns...........................................................................79.108
Wastecombustibles......................................................................79.909
Waste petroleum products and flammable or combustible liquids................................79.113
Well-drilling operations.......................................................Article 79,Division XI
Wharves(bulp plants and terminals).......................................................79.1406
FLAMMABLE FINISHES,APPLICATION OF................................................Article 45
Airport,heliports.........................................................................24.105
Coating operations.......................................................................45.310
Construction of dip tanks..................................................................45.303
Controls................................................................................45.402
Definitions.............................................................................Article 9
Dip tanks,location of......................................................................45.301
Diptank covers..........................................................................45.308
Dry powder application,powder coating.....................................................45.601
Dry-type overspray collectors..............................................................45.204
Drying apparatus.........................................................................45.210
Drying,curing or fusion equipment..........................................................45.605
Electric wiring and equipment.:............................................................45,105
Electricalan other sources of ignition........................................45.205,45.305,45.603
Electrostatic apparatus....................................................................45.401
Electrostatic fluidized beds................................................................45.608
Equipment(type and location)..............................................................45.401
Fire-extinguishing equipment..............................................................45.307
Fire-protection equipment..................................................................45.208
Fixed electrostatic spraying equipment......................................................45.607
Guards and signs........................................................................45.403
Handling(organic peroxides)...............................................................45.704
Hardening and tempering tanks................... ... ..................................45.309
Location and construction of powder coating rooms and booths.................................45.602
Location of dip tank operations.............................................................45.301
Location of spray-finishing operations.......................................................45.202
Maintenance............................................................................45.404
Mixing(organic peroxides).................................................................45.705
Operations included,automotive undercoating...............................................45.501
Operations and maintenance................ ...... ......................45.209,45.306,45.606
Organic peroxides and dual component coatings(general).....................................45.701
Personnel qualifications(organic peroxides) .................................................45.707
Scope..................................................................................45.101
Smoking prohibited................................................................45.103,45.706
Spotpainting............................................................................45.202
Sprayarea........................................................................9.121,45.201
Spraybooths......................................................................9.121,45.203
Spray areas,limited......................................................................45.207
Sprayingrooms...........................................................................9.121
Storage(or ganic peroxides) ............ ... ... ................................ .45.703
Storage an han ling of flammable or combustible liquids...............................45.207,45.304
Touch-up painting.....................................................................45.202(b)
Use of organic peroxide coatings...........................................................45.702
Ventilation........................................................................45.405,45.604
Ventilation of spray booths and spray-finishing areas..........................................45.206
Ventilation of vapor areas..................................................................45.302
Welding warning signs....................................................................45.104
FLAMMABLE SOLID,definition..............................................................9.108
FLASH POINT,definition....................................................................9.108
FLOATS,PARADE.........................................................................11.208
FLOOR AREA,definition....................................................................9.108
FLOOR FINISHES AND COVERINGS(See INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH)
FRUIT-RIPENING PROCESSES...........................................................Article 46
Electrical equipment......................................................................46.104
Heating.................................................................................46.105
Housekeeping...........................................................................46.107
Openflames.............................................................................46.106
Permits...........................................................................4.101,46.102
Scope..................................................................................46.101
Useof ethylene..........................................................................46.103
FUEL BREAK,definition....................................................................9.108
493
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
FUEL OIL
Definition.................................................................................9.108
Grade..................................................................................61.105
FUELING AND DEFUELING,airports and heliports...........................................24.203
FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING....................................Article 47
Breathing apparatus required..............................................................47.105
Flammable fumigants restricted............................................................47.112
Fumigant,definition........................................................................9.108
Notification of fumigation..................................................................47.104
Sealing of building........................................................................47.107
Source of Ignition.........................................................................47.103
Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids...................................................9.122,47.110
Venting and cleanup......................................................................47.109
Warehouse fumigations...................................................................47.111
Warningsigns ...........................................................................47.108
Watchman required during fumigation.......................................................47.106
G
GARAGES........... .. ...........................................................Article 29
Cleaning with flammable liquids............................................................29.103
Definition.................................................................................9.109
Garages(general)........................................................................29.101
Handling of gasoline and oils...............................................................29.104
Vapor ignition devices.....................................................................29.105
GASES,COMPRESSED(See also COMPRESSED GASES)....................................74.101
GAS METERS AND PIPING,PROTECTION OF...............................................11.413
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE ................................................Article 11
GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS.............................................Article 25,Division II
GROUNDING(See BONDING AND GROUNDING)
GUEST,definition..........................................................................9.109
H
HANDLING,LOADING AND UNLOADING(cryogenic fluids).......................Article 75,Division V
Loading and unloading area...............................................................75.501
Sources of ignition........................................................................75.502
HAZARDOUS FIRE AREAS
Controlof..........................................................................Appendix11-A
Definition.................................................................................9.110
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS...............................................................Article 80
Classification..............................................................80.201,Appendix VI-A
Definition.................................................................................9.110
General Requirements......................................................80.101,80.301,80.401
Handling.........................................................................80.401,80.403
Management plan..................................................................Appendixll-E
Use.............................................................................80.401,80.402
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIALS(semiconductor facilities).........................Article 51
HEATING EQUIPMENT
And cooking(in tents and air-supported structures)............................................32.118
Appliance...............................................................................11.404
Electrical................................................................................79.906
Heating and cooking appliance,definition.....................................................9.110
In Class 11 or III systems..................................................................79.1807
Portable unvented oil-burning..............................................................61.106
HELIPORTS............................................................................Article 24
HELISTOPS..................................................................Article 24,Division III
Clearance...............................................................................24.302
Exitways................................................................................24.304
FederayAviation AgencyapProval...........................................................24.305
Flammable liquid spillage..................................................................24.303
General.................................................................................24.301
494
1988 EDITION INDEX
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STOCK......................................................Article 81
Access to buildings.......................................................................81.109
Aisles...................................................................................81.108
Automatic fire-extinguishing systems........................................................81.106
Classification of contents............................................................. ...81.104
Definitions......................................................................Article 9,81.102
Flreprotection...........................................................................81.105
High-piled combustible storage,definition.....................................................9.110
Small hose connections...................................................................81.110
Smoke venting and removal...............................................................81.107
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS,EXISTING.....................................................Appendix)-B
HOOD AND DUCT VENTILATION SYSTEMS,FIRE-EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
FOR PROTECTION OF.....................................................................10.313
HOTEL,definition..........................................................................9.110
HYDRANT USE APPROVAL................................................................10.203
HYDRANTS,FIRE OR FIRE APPLIANCE,TAMPERING WITH..................................10.202
I
IGNITION,SOURCES OF......................................27.106,29.105,45.205,45.305,45.603,.
47.103,79.113,79.1305,79.1401,79.1513
ILLUMINATION,EXIT......................................................................12.108
INCINERATORS
Clearance to combustibles.................................................................11.109
Definition.................................................................................9.111
Intrailer camps..........................................................................11.107
Location................................................................................11.106
Types and construction of.................................................................11.105
Use restricted............................................................................11.110
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS(flammable and combustible liquids).....................Article 79,Division XIII
Drainage...............................................................................79.1307
Electrical...............................................................................79.1309
Fireprotection..........................................................................79.1312
Housekeeping..........................................................................79.1311
Incidental storage and use................................................................79.1303
Manner of storage....................................................................79.1303(b)
Repairs to equipment....................................................................79.1310
Sources of ignition.......................................................................79.1305
Use of flammable or combustible liquids.................................................79.1303(c)
Ventilation..............................................................................79.13D4
INSPECTION.........................................................................2.201.4.104
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE-PROTECTION,
KEYBOX.................................................................................10.209
INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
Installation of liquefied petroleum gas installations............................................82.103
Of aboveground containers,cryogenic......................................................75.301
Ofbelowground containers,cryogenic.......................................................75.304
Of cryogenic in-
gground containers..........................................................75.305
Ofequipment ILPG)............ ..... ...................................................82.103
Of fire-protection systems and appliances...................................................10.301
Of fixed fire-protection systems ............................................................10.305
Of mechanical refrigeration................................................................MA N
Of motion picture projection machine........................................................84.104
Permits and reports of LPG installations.....................................................82.102
Requirements for fire-extinguishing systems.................................................10.306
INSULATION(cryogenic)..................................................................75.204
INTENT....................................................................................1.102
INTERFERENCE WITH FIRE DEPARTMENT..................................................10.102
INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH.............................................................Appendix IV
INVESTIGATION............................................................................2.202
495
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
J
JURISDICTION,definition...................................................................9.112
K
KEYBOX.................................................................................10.209
KITCHEN GREASE HOODS................................................................10.313
L
LIABILITY.................................................................................2.108
LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS..............................Appendix I-A
LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS AND APPLIANCES.....................................Article 10,Division III
LIGHTNING,PROTECTION AGAINST(organic coatings)......................................50.112
LIMITED SPRAYING AREAS................................................................45.207
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES.........................................................Article 82
Clearance of combustibles.................................................................82.109
Containers not in service..................................................................82.113
Definition.................................................................................9.114
Dispensing and averfilling.................................................................82.106
Fire pratection...........................................................................82.111
Installation of equipment..................................................................82.103
Location of containers.....................................................................82.104
Parking and garaging.....................................................................82.114
Permits and reports of installations..........................................................82.102
Prohibited use of liquefied petroleum gas....................................................82.105
Protecting containers from vehicles.........................................................82.110
Safetydevices...........................................................................82.107
Smoking................................................................................82.108
Storage of portable containers awaking resale................................................82.112
LIQUID OXYGEN
Bulk oxygen systems.....................................................................74.106
Cryogenic fluids.......................................................................Article 75
Weldingand cutting.......................................................................49.105
LOADING AND UNLOADING
Aircraft refueler units......................................................................24.207
Cryogenic fluids..........................................................................75.501
LODGING HOUSE,definition................................................................9.114
LPG-CONTAINER.........................................................................82.113
LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING PLANTS..........................................Article 30
Fire-extinguishing appliances in open yards and buildings......................................30.104
Open yard storage................. ............................................. ...30.102
Operational fire hazardsin lumber yards.....................................................30.103
Woodworking plants......................................................................30.105
M
MAGAZINES
Class ..................................................................................77.203
Class11.................................................................................77.204
Definition.................................................................. ..............9.115
MAGNESIUM...........................................................................Article 48
Definition.................................................................................9.115
Fire-extinguishing materials................................................................48.108
Handling of magnesium(fine magnesium scrap)..............................................48.110
Heat-treating ovens.......................................................................48.106
Magnesium processing operations..........................................................48.107
Meltingpots...................................................................... .48.104
Storage of magnesium.............................................................48.105,48.109
Storage of pigs,ingots and billets...........................................................48.103
MALLS(See COVERED MALL BUILDINGS)
496
1988 EDITION INDEX
MARINAS...........................................................................Appendixll-C
Marine service stations....................................................................79.910
Open-flame devices......................................................................11.410
MATCHES..............................................................................Article 83
Match bins required.......................................................................83.104
Storage by retailers.......................................................................83.105
Storage not to be near vertical openings.....................................................83.103
Wholesale storage.......................................................................83.102
MATERIALS
Decorative........................................................................9.106,25.103
Flammable,definition......................................................................9.108
Flammable,decorative....................................................................11.204
Hazardous(general)................................................:...................Article 80
Highly toxic,definition......................................................................9.110
Oxidizing,definition.:......................................................................9.117
Pyroxylin-coated fabric....................................................................25.103
Radioactive,definition .....................................................................9.120
Raw materials in process areas(organic coatings)............................................50.110
Readily combustible..................................................................... 11.202
Soundproofing well-drilling operations......................................................79.1108
MECHANICAL CODE,definition.............................................................9.115
MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION.........................................................Article 63
METRIC CONVERSION TABLE.......................................................Appendix VI-D
MODEL CITATION PROGRAM .......................................................Appendix VI-C
MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION.........................................................Article 84
Equipment..............................................................................84.104
Film use and storage......................................................................84.105
Projection room..........................................................................84.102
Scope..................................................................................84.101
Smoking................................................................................84.103
N
NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS OF GOOD PRACTICE(See also
RECOGNIZED STANDARDS)...........................................................Appendix V
NONFLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS(See also COMPRESSED GASES,MEDICAL)..................9.116
NONCOMBUSTIBLE,definition..............................................................9.116
O
OCCUPANCY,definition.....................................................................9.117
OCCUPANCY AND AREA SEPARATIONS,MAINTENANCE OF.................................10.401
OCCUPANT LOAD
Control......................................................................Article 12,Divisionll
Maximum...............................................................................25.114
OIL-BURNING EOUIPMENT..............................................................Article 61
Definition.................................................................................9.117
Design,construction'andinstallation........................................................61.103
Elerical wiring and equipment.............................................................61.104
Fueloil.:................................................................................61.105
Scope..................................................................................61.101
Use of approved equipment................................................................61.102
OMISSION OF SPRINKLERS...............................................................10.308
OPEN BURNING..........'.....................................................Article 11,Division I
Hours ofburning.........................................................................11.112
On public property........................................................................11.113
OPEN FLAME
Assembly occupancies....................................................................25.116
Devices in marinas.......................................................................11.410
Flammable and combustible liquids.......................................................Article 79
Garages..................:.............................................................29.105
Inhangars...............................................................................24.108
497
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
In ripening rooms.........................................................................46.106
Near LP-gas containers...................................................................82.110
Tents...................................................................................32.108
Use restriction...........................................................................11.205
Where fuel is being transferred.............................................................24.209
Warning lights...........................................................................11.409
Wth permit.......................................................................25.115,25.117
ORDERS AND NOTICES............................................................Article 3,2.204
Compliance..............................................................................3.102
Service..................................................................................2.205
ORGANIC COATINGS,MANUFACTURE OF................................................Article 50
Definition................................................................................9.117
Drainage facilities........................................................................60.106
Electrical equipment......................................................................50.111
Fire alarm system,required................................................................50.113
Fireprotection...........................................................................50.113
Maintenance............................................................................50.114
Process buildings........................................................................50.104
Process mills,mixers and kettles...........................................................50.107
Processpiping...........................................................................W.108
Protection against static electricity and lightning..............................................50.112
Raw materials in process areas............................................................50.110
Scope......................................................................'............50.101
Storage of raw materials and finished products............................:..................50.105
Transfer of flammable and combustible liquids in process areas.................................50.109
ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUAL COMPONENT COATINGS....................Article 45,Division VI
General.................................................................................45.701
Handling................................................................................45.704
Mixing..................................................................................45.705
Personnel qualifications...................................................................45.707
Smoking................................................................................45.706
Storea.................................................................................45.703
Use of organic peroxide coatings...........................................................45.702
OVENS(heat treating—magnesium)........................................................48.106
OVENS,INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING..............................................Article 62
Location and construction.................................................................62.103
Permits and plans required..........................................................4.101,62.102
Safety controls...........................................................................62.105
Scope..................................................................................62.101
Ventilation................................................................................62.104
OXYGEN SYSTEMS,BULK
Definition.................................................................................9.104
Installed at industrial and instRutional consumer sites..........................................7,4.106
P
PAINT REMOVAL..........................................................................11.408
PANIC HARDWARE,definition...............................................................9.118
PARADEFLOATS.........................................................................11.208
PARKING AND GARAGING,tank vehicles..................................................79.1206
PERMITS................................................................................Article 4
PERSON,definitlon........................................................................9.118
PESTICIDES(See also FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING)..............Article 86
Display.................................................................................86.106
Emergency management..................................'................................86.105
Fire protection...........................................................................86.104
General requirements.....................................................................86.102
Pesticides stored as compressed gases.....................................................86.108
Scope..................................................................................86.101
Signs...................................................................................86.103
Storageareas...........................................................................86.107
PICKING ROOMS(wrecking yards).........................................................34.105
PIPE JOINT COMPOUND...................................................................79.306
Pipe joint sweating using open flame........................................................11.408
498
1988 EDITION INDEX
PIPING,PROCESS AND ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT...................................50.108,75.401
PIPING,PROCESS AND ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT AT MANUFACTURING
FACILITIES AND CONSUMER SITES(cryogenic fluids)..........................Article 75,Division IV
Piping,materials and construction..........................................................75.401
Valves and accessory equipment...........................................................75.402
PIPING,VALVES AND FITTINGS(flammable combustible liquids)................Article 79,Division VII
Bends..................................................................................79.707
Materials and design......................................................................79.701
Low mall point materials................................................................79.701(b)
Pipejoints...............................................................................79.706
Protection against corrosion and galvanic action..............................................79.702
Supports................................................................................79.704
Swingjoints.............................................................................79.705
Testing.................................................................................79.708
Valves..................................................................................79.703
PLASTICS
Display of(cellulose nitrate)................................................................27.103
Pyroxylin-coated fabric in assembly occupancies.............................................25.104
PLACES OF ASSEMBLY.................................................................Article 25
Aisles...............................................................25.107,25.205(a),25.304(a)
Ashtrays................................................................................25.110
Attendant...............................................................................25.102
Candles,use of...................................................................25.115,25.116
Decorative material.......................................................................25.103
Detailed requirements for use of candles.....................................................25.118
Dispersal area exits............................................................9.106,25.205(b)2
Exitdoors...............................................................................25.106
Exitways,use of.........................................................................25.109
Fireappliances..........................................................................25.111
Footboards.........................................................................25.205(a)9
Marking and lighting of exits................................................................25.113
Motion picture screens....................................................................25.105
Openflame......................................................................25.115,25.116
Overcrowding .......:............................................................25.114,32.116
Plan of exit ways and aisles................................................................25.112
Pyroxylinooatedfabrics................................................ ..... ...... .25.104
Review stands,grandstands and bleachers...............................Article 25,Division 11;25.204
Seatspacing................................................................... .25.108
Securing of chairs..............................................................25.108(c),25.401
Spacing requirements............................................................25.108,25.205(a)
Standbypersonnel.........................................................:.............25.117
PLUMBING CODE,definition................................................................9.118
POISONOUS GAS,definition................................................................9.118
PORTABLE TANK,definition................................................................9.118
POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE CHEMICALS,definition...........................................9.118
POWDER COATING...........................................................Article 45,Division VI
Dry powder application....................................................................45.601
Drying,curing or fusion equipment..........................................................45.605
Electncalandd other sources of ignition.......................................................45.603
Electrostatic fluidized beds................................................................45.608
Fixed electrostatic spraying equipment......................................................45.607
Location and construction of powder coating rooms and booths.................................45.602
Operation and maintenance...............................................................45.606
Ventilation...............................................................................45.604
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE..................................................Article 11,Division I
PREMISES IDENTIFICATION...............................................................10.208
PRIVATE STAIRWAY,definition...............................................................9.118
PROCESSING PLANTS(flammable and combustible liquids)....................Article 79,Division XV
Construction............................................................................79.1502
Dispensing.............................................................................79.1512
Drainage...............................................................................79.1504
Explosionrelief.........................................................................79.1506
Fire protection..........................................................................79.1517
Housekeeping..........................................................................79.1514
Loading and unloading facilities...........................................................79.1511
Manner of storage.......................................................................79.1507
499
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Piping,valves and fittings................................................................79.1508
Sources of ignition.......................................................................79.1513
Ventilation..............................................................................79.1505
PROJECTILE FIRING......................................................................11.402
PUBLIC CONVEYANCE,definition...........................................................9.118
PUBLIC NUISANCE,definition...............................................................9.118
PUBLIC WAY,definition.....................................................................9.118
PYROXYLIN(See CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS)
PYROXYLIN-COATED FABRICS IN ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS...................................25.104
Q
NO REFERENCE
R
RECOGNIZED STANDARDS(See also NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS
OF GOOD PRACTICE)...................................................................2.303(b)
RECORDS.................................................................................2.203
REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE UNIFORM BUILDING CODE..........................Appendix VI-D
REFINERIES AND DISTILLERIES.............................................Article 79,Division XVI
Fence.................................................................................79.1607
Fire protection..........................................................................79.1608
Location of process units.................................................................79.1606
Locations..............................................................................79.1602
Manner of storage.......................................................................79.1603
Pressure vessels........................................................................79.1605
Scope.................................................................................79.1601
Smoking...............................................................................79.1608
Storage tanks...........................................................................79.1604
Waste combustibles.....................................................................79.1609
REFINERY,definition.......................................................................9.120
REFRIGERATION,MECHANICAL.........................................................Article 63
Ammonia diffusion .......................................................................63.108
Classifications...........................................................................63.102
Diffusion systems,other......................................................:............63.109
Emergency ammonia diffusion systems.....................................................63.108
Emergency signs.........................................................................63.107
Installation requirements..................................................................63.104
Instructions..............................................................................63.106
Maintenance............................................................................63.105
REFUELER UNITS,aircraft.....................................................Article 24,Division 11
Construction.............................................................................24.201
Fueling and defueling.....................................................................24.203
Loading and unloading....................................................................24.207
Maintenance ............................................................................24.206
Operation,maintenance and use...........................................................24.202
Passengers.............................................................................24.208
Protection of hose........................................................................24.205
Qualified operator........................................................................24.204
Smoking,open-flame and service equipment.................................................24.209
REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM,definition......................................................9.120
REPAIR,definition..........................................................................9.120
RESPONSIBILITY..........................................................................2.101
REVIEWING STANDS,GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS........................Article 25,Division II
General requirements.....................................................................25.205
Height of grandstands and bleachers........................................................25.203
Scope..................................................................................25.201
Securing of chairs..............................................................25.108(c),25.401
RIFLE RANGES....:................................................................Appendix 11-D
500
1988 EDITION INDEX
RIGHTOF ENTRY..........................................................................2.107
ROADWAYS,ACCESS FOR FIRE APPARATUS...............................................10.207
ROCKETS,FIRING OF.....................................................................11.402
ROOMS
Combustible fiber storage...............................................................Article 28
Hazardous production storage...:.........................................................51.102
Hazardous production storage,inside.......................................................51.102
Inside liquid storage......................................................................79.202
Inside use,dispensing and mixing..........................................................79.804
Liquidstorage............................................................................79.203
Tirebuffing..............................................................................31.104
RULES....................................................................................2.102
S
SAFETY CAN..................................9.121,26.104(d),36.101,45.208(c),79.104,79.802(b),
79.806(b),79.1815(b)
SAFETY DEVICES,liquefied petroleum gases...............................................82.109
SEATSPACING...........................................................................25.108
SEATING,FOLDING AND TELESCOPING.......................................Article 25,Division III
SECURING OF CHAIRS..........................................................25.108(c),25.401
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES USING HAZARDOUS
PRODUCTION MATERIALS..............................................................Article 51
Definitions..............................................................................51.102
Fabrication area..........................................................................51.105
Handling in sevice corridors................................................................51.109
Handling within exit corridors...............................................................51.108
Permits.................................................................................51.103
Sprinkler system alarm..................... ..............................................51.104
Storage and dispensing within fabrication areas..............................................51.107
Storage of hazardous production materials...................................................51.110
Work stations within the fabrication area.....................................................51.106
SERVICE STATIONS(flammable and combustible liquids).......................Article 79,Division IX
Aircraft..................................................................................24.114
Definitions................................................................................9.121
Dispensing services............................................................79.903,79.910(c)
Drainage and wastedisposal...............................................................79.907
Electrical equipment......................................................................79.905
Fire prevention regulations..............................................................79.910(e)
Fire protection...........................................................................79.911
Heating equipment.......................................................................79.906
Located inside buildings...................................................................79.909
Marine service stations....................................................................79.910
Pressure delivery service stations..........................................................79.904
Storage.................................................................................79.902
Vaporrecovery.........................................................I.................79.912
SHAFTWAYS TO BE MARKED..............................................................11.407
SI AND ENGLISH SYSTEM CONVERSION FACTORS...................................Appendix VI-D
r
SIGNS.........................11.414,12.114,13.103,24.109,25.111,32.114,45.403,63.105,79.1009,
79.1110,Appendix I-B
Destruction...............................................................................3.104
SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION,definition......................................................9.121
SMOKE AND HEAT VENTILATORS,MAINTENANCE OF.......................................10.402
SMOKE DETECTORS........................................................10.306,Appendix I-A 6
SMOKING
Compliance with"no smoking"signs........................................................13.105
Definition.................................................................................9.121
Designated areas where smoking shall be prohibited..........................................13.101
"No smoking"si ns................................................................13.103,24.109
Removal of signs prohibited................................................................13.104
Smoking.........................................................................13.102,24.109
501
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
SMOKING PROHIBITED
Apiary(smoking of bees)...............................................................13.102(b)
Cryogenic fluids..........................................................................75.502
Dry-cleaning plants......................................................................79.1818
Dust-producing areas.....................................................................76.103
Except in posted areas...................................................................79.1608
Explosives.........................................................77.201,77.301,77.302,77.305
Flammable or combustible liquids
Dry-cleaning plants....................................................................79.1818
Marine service stations.............................................................79.910(a)6
Oilwells.............................................................................79.1109
Refineries and distilleries...............................................................79.1608
Tank vehicles.........................................................................79.1205
Fueltransfer.............................................................................24.209
General.................................................................................13.101
Marine service stations.................................................................79.910(a)
Mountainous,brush or forest land..........................................................13.102
Oil well or tank locations..................................................................79.1109
Projectionbooth..........................................................................84.103
Ripeningrooms..........................................................................46.106
Spray-finishing areas.....................................................................46.103
Tent or air-supported structures............................................................32.108
Where organic peroxides are stored.........................................................45.706
Where smoking shall be prohibited..........................................................13.101
While driving or making repairs on tank vehicles.............................................79.1205
SPARK ARRESTERS,CHIMNEY............................................................11.111
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......................................................:..............Part VI
SPECIAL OCCUPANCY USES..............................................................Part IV
SPECIAL PROCESSES.....................................................................Part V
SPECIAL SUBJECTS......................................................................Part VII
SPRAY BOOTHS..........................................................................45.203
SPRAY FINISHING.............................................................Article 45,Division II
Definitions........................................................................9.121,45.201
Dry-type overspray collectors(exhaust air filters).............................................45.204
Dryingapparatus.........................................................................45.211
Electncaland other sources of ignition.......................................................45.205
Fire-protection equipment.................................................................45.209
Limited spraying areas....................................................................45.207
Location of spray-finishing operations.......................................................45.202
Operations and maintenance..............................................................45.210
Spotpainting............................................................................45.202
Spraybooths............................................................................45.203
Storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids......................................45.208
Touch-up painting........................................................................45.202
Ventilation of spray booths and spray-finishing areas..........................................45.206
SPRAYING AREA..............................................................Article 45,Division II
Definition.................................................................................9.121
SPRINKLER SYSTEM......................................................................81.105
Alarms..................................................................................10.307
Omissions...............................................................................10.308
STAIRWAY IDENTIFICATION.....................................10.306,10.307,12.106,Appendix l-C
STAIRWAYS.......................................................................12.106,12.109
STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS...................................................Appendix V-A
STANDARDS,UNIFORM FIRE CODE.........................................................2.303
Recognized..............................................................................2.304
STANDBY PERSONNEL............................................................25.117.32.110
STANDPIPES
Definitions................................................................................9.121
Class ...............................................................................10.309(c
Class11 ..............................................................................10.309(d
ClassIII............. .. ... ........................................................10.309(a
In buildings during construction ..........................................................Article 87
Maintenance............................................................................10.302
Testing...........................................................................Appendixlll-C
Where required(general)...............................................................10.309(b)
502
1988 EDITION INDEX
STILLS..................................................................................79.1812
STORAGE
Agricultural
products......................................................................28.105
galed...................................................................................28.104
Cabinets.............................................................................79.201(g)
Calcium carbide in buildings...............................................................49.109
Cellulose nitrate plastics...........................................................27.104,33.104
Class magazines........................................................................77.203
Classll magazines................................................................. ..77.204
Cleaning solvents....................................................................79.1806(d)
Combustible fibers,definition......................................................9.105,Article 28
Combustible materials.............................................................24.112,34.103
Cylinders and pressure vessels.......................................49.104,74.104,74.107,74.203
Explosives............................................................................ 77.201
Film....................................................................................33.103
Flammable finishes............................................................. 45.207
Flammable or combustible liquids..............................26.104,29.104,31.106,32.119,45.208,
45.304,60.105,61.106(d),Article 79,86.102
Flammable or combustible liquids on farms and construction projects................Article 79,Division X
Gunpowder..............................................................................77.202
Handlingrooms..........................................................................79.405
Hazardous equipment in buildings......................................................... 11.415
Hazardous production materials......'....................................................Article 51
High-piled combustible..................................................................Article 81
Inside liquid room........................................................................79.202
Liquid storage room......................................................................79.203
Liquid warehouse........................................................................79.204
Loose...................................................................................28.103
Magnesium......................................................................48.105,48.109
Matches.........................................................................83.102,83.105
Openyard...............................................................................30.102
Organic peroxides................................................................. ..45.703
Outside....................................................................Article 79,Division IV
Portabletank............................................................................79.401
Pigs,ingots and billets,magnesium.........................................................48.103
Rack...................................................................................81.111
Raw materials and finished products(organic coatings)........................................50.105
Readily combustible materials..............................................................11.203
Rubber cement..........................................................................31.106
Stationary tanks,aboveground outside of buildings..................... • ........Article 79,Division V
Tanks.....................................................79.301.79.401,79.501,79.601,79.1604
Underground tank...........................................................Article 79,Division VI
STORAGE(cryogenic fluids)...................................................Article 75,Division III
Containers..............................................................................75.301
Drainage for aboveground containers.......................................................75.302
Installation of aboveground containers......................................................75.301
Installation of belowground concrete containers...............................................75.304
Installation of cryogenic in-ground containers.................................................75.305
Location of aboveground containers with respect to exposure...................................75.303
Location of belowground and in-ground containers with respect to exposure......................75.306
STORAGE(explosives and blasting agents)........ ............................Article 77,Division II
American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives.........................................77.201
Class)magazines........................................................................77.203
Class magazines.......................................................................77.204
Gunpowder..............................................................................77.202
Storage of explosives.....................................................................77.201
SUMPS(well-drilling operations)..........................................................79.1105
SYSTEMS(dry-cleaning plants).............................................Article 79,Division XVIII
Class .................................................................................79.1802
Classll................................................................................79.1802
ClassIII................................................................................79.1802
ClassIV...............................................................................79.1802
T
TANKS
Abandonmentof.........................................................................79.115
Connections...............................................................79.302,79.509,79.604
Construction....................................................79.105,79.301(c),79.502,79.602
Corrosion protection......................................................................79.603
Definition.................................................................................9.122
Design............................................................79.105,79.301,79.502,79.602
503
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Drainage,dikes and walls for aboveground...................................................79.507
Foundation,supports and anchorage........................................................79.505
Hardening and tempering..................................................................45.309
Inside of buildings............................................................Article 79,Division III
Location..................................................................79.403,79.503,79.601
Operation of tank vehicles................................................................79.1204
Portable tank storage outside of buildings.......................................Article 79,Division IV
Spacing between.........................................................................79.504
Stairs,platforms,walkways................................................................79.506
Support in buildings................................................................... 79.301(d)
Testing .......................................................................79.301(a),79,605
Underground................................................................Article 79,Division VI
Valves...........................................................................79.501,79.701
Vehicle,definition..:.......................................................................9.122
Venting,emergency,for aboveground flammable liquid..................................Appendix VI-B
Van tsfor..................................................................79.302,79.510,79.604
TANKS IN LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE FLOODED(flammable liquid)......................Appendix II-B
TANK STORAGE STATIONARY ABOVEGROUND OUTSIDE OF BUILDING..........Article 79,Division V
Design and construction of tanks....................................................79.105,79.502
Drainage,dikes and walls.................................................................79.507
Fireprotection...........................................................................79.510
Floatingroot tank,defined..............................................................79.502(b)
Foundations and supports.................................................................79.505
Location with respect to buildings and property line,public ways and
Important buildings on same property.......................................................79.503
Restricted locations and fire protection......................................................79.501
Spacing between tanks...................................................................79.504
Stairs,platforms and walkways.............................................................79.506
Tank connections.........................................................................79.509
Tankvalves..............................................................................79.508
Vents...................................................................................79.509
TANK STORAGE STATIONARY INSIDE OF BUILDINGS...........................Article 79,Division III
Fire protection...........................................................................79.303
General.................................................................................79.301
Support of tanks in buildings............................................................79.301(d)
Tankconnections.........................................................................79.302
TANK STORAGE UNDERGROUND,OUTSIDE OF
OR UNDER BUILDINGS.......................................................Article 79,Division VI
Abandonment of tanks....................................................................79.114
Corrosion protection......................................................................79.603
Design and construction of tanks...........................................................79.602
Location................................................................................79.601
Tank connection..........................................................................79.604
Testing.................................................................................79.605
TANK VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION..........................................................79.1202
TANK VEHICLES FOR FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS...............Article 79,Division XII
Full trailers and semitrailers...............................................................79.1203
Operations of tank vehicles...............................................................79.1204
Parking and garaging....................................................................79.1206
Smoking prohibited......................................................................79.1205
TEMPORARY WIRING.....................................................................85.103
TENT,definition............................................................................9.122
TENTS,CANOPIES AND TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
Definitions..............................................................................32.102
Exitillumination..........................................................................32.113
Exits....................................................................................32.111
Exitsigns...............................................................................32.114
Flame-retardant treatment.................................................................32.107
Flammable or combustible liquids and liquefied petroleum gas..................................32.118
Heating and cooking equipment............................................................32.117
Housekeeping...........................................................................32.119
Location access and parking...............................................................32.105
Maintennance of exit ways.................................................................32.112
Maximum occupant load..................................................................32.115
Portable fire extinguishers and other fire protection appliances..................................32.109
Seating arrangements....................................................................32.116
Smoking and open flame..................................................................32.108
Standby personnel.......................................................................32.110
Structureistability........................................................................32.106
Useperiod..............................................................................32.104
504
1988 EDITION INDEX
TEST BLASTING CAP NO.8,definition.......................................................9.122
TESTING FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS,STANDPIPES AND
COMBINATION SYSTEMS...........................................................Appendix III-C
TIRE-REBUILDING PLANTS..............................................................Article 31
Automobile tire-rebuilding plants(general)...................................................31.101
Construction and protection requirements ...................................................31.103
Tire-buffing rooms........................................................................31.104
Use and storage.........................................................................31.106
Ventilation...............................................................................31.105
TOY BALLOONS..........................................................................11.401
TRACER BULLETS........................................................................11.402
TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS,tank vehicles.............................................79.1203
TRANSPORTATION
Of blasting agents........................................................................77.306
Of cryogenic fluids .......................................................................75.602
Of explosives:.....
.....................:................................................77.302
Of flammable and combustible liquids..........................................Article 79,Division X I I
Of hazardous materials...................................................................80.110
TRANSPORTATION PIPELINES..............................................Article 79,Division XVII
TRAP DOORS TO BE CLOSED..............................................................11.406
V
UNIFORM BUILDING CODE,definition.......................................................9.123
UNIFORM BUILDING CODE TABLES
Conversion tables.................................................................Appendix VI-D
Table No.5-A:Wall and Opening Protection of Occupancies Based on Location on
Property Types ll,One-hour,II-N and V Construction....................................Appendix VI-D
Table No.5-B:Required Separation in Buildings of Mixed Occupancy.....................Appendix VI-D
Table No.5-C:Basic Allowable Floor Area for Buildings One Story in Height................Appendix VI-D
Table No.5-D:Maximum Height of Buildings...........................................Appendix VI-D
Table No.17=A:Types of Construction—Fire-resistive Requirements......................Appendix VI-D
Table No.33-A:Minimum Egress and Access Requirements.............................Appendix VI-D
Table No.42-A:Flame-spread Classification...........................................Appendix VI-D
Table No.42-8:Maximum Flame-spread Applications...................................Appendix VI-D
UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE,definition...................................................9.123
UNSAFE BUILDINGS.......................................................................2.201
USE,HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION(explosives and
blasting agents)...........:..................................................Article 77,Division III
V
VACANT BUILDINGS......................................................................11.412
VACATING PREMISES.....................................................................11.411
VALVES...........................................................................75.402,79.703
VAPOR AREA.......................................................................9.124,45.302
VAPOR PRESSURE,deflniton...............................................................9.124
VEHICLES
Cryogenic fluids..........................................................................75.602
Flammable liquid............................................................Article 79,Division XII
VENTING
Afterfumigating..........................................................................47.109
Of equipment compartments(airports)......................................................24.118
Ratios and roof vents(high=piled combustible storage).........................................81.107
Tanks.......................................................79.302,79.509,79.604,Appendix VI-B
VENTILATION
Bowling alley refinishing...................................................................26.103
Dry-cleaning plants...............................................................36.103,79.1807
Garages................................................................................29.103
505
INDEX UNIFORM FIRE CODE
Or
ganic coating manufacturing.............................................................50.104
Ovens*.......*....*.................*...*'*'*'*....*...............*"****.......6i.62.104
Semiconductor fabrication facilities....................................51.105,51.106,51.1 ,51.1 10
Spray booths and spray-finishing areas................................45.206,45.302,45.405,45.604
Tire-rebuilding plants.......... .................31.105
Where flammable or combustible iiqui�s*are' 79.203,
79.804,79.909
W
WAREHOUSE(flammable and combustible liquids)....................................9.125,79.204
WASTE
Accumulation of.........................................:................................11.201
Petroleum products.......................................................79.110,79.111,79.11 D4
WELDING AND CUTTING(calcium carbide and acetylene)..................................Article 49
Containers for calcium carbide.............................................................49.108
General requirements..............................................................34.106,49.101
General safety rules for welding and cutting..................................................49.107
Generatorrooms.........................................................................49.111
Hose and hose connections................................................................49.106
Liquidoxygen...........:................................................................49.105
Manifolding of cylinders.................. ................................................49.103
Piping of oxygen and fuel gases............................................................49.102
Portable generators......................................................................49.112
Protection against freezing ..6.,j�i..........................................................49.113
Storage of calcium carbide in buildings......................................................49.109
Storage of cylinders......................................................................49.104
WELL-DRILLING OPERATIONS
Field loading racks......................................................................79.1111
Fire protection..........................................................................79.1112
Location of oil well.......................................................................79.1103
Permits......' 4.101,79.1102
Prevention of blowouts...................................................................79.1106
Signs..................................................................................79.1110
Smoking...............................................................................79.1109
Soundproofing material..................................................................79.1108
Storage tanks...........................................................................79.1107
Sumps.................................................................................79.1105
Waste control...........................................................................79.1104
WHARVES—FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS...................................79.1406
WOODWORKING PLANTS(See also LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING PLANTS).......Article 30
WRECKING YARDS(See also AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS,JUNK OR WASTE MATERIAL
HANDLING PLANTS)..................................................................Article 34
X
NO REFERENCE
y
NO REFERENCE
z
NO REFERENCE
506