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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1997 Uniform Fire Code Volume 1 r w l 1997 Edition - s V UNIf O. RM FIRE TM -:0D I- VOLUME 4 o o� Alt 1 1 4�r— z _ e; EpENCE CF \EFS qs PMPgFo°SO % INTERNATIONAL .Q UNIFORM z — LL y , o BUILDING o 2 i J CODE �° -- r �u> °s i IF CI - � "" �^<. 1h '1922''^d Q �ih '7� O 'i.�. RE CHI TM it [ n� �rf ! al! `I 1997 lUNIFORM FIRE TM CODE VOLUME 1 International � F Fire Code Institute TM r��AENCE OFA G�\EFS AS 950CIATIOho OPM FIRE C•sO P 'n UNIFORM z UIIAINO o LL INTERNATIONAL 6 cove a 6 r'.? �1"� ,ers 5�a s''M >•<'Oa ��9F CHIEFS First Printing Mr Publication date:March 1997 ISSN 0896-9736 ISBN 1-884590-83-7(soft cover edition) ISBN 1-884590-84-5(loose leaf edition) ISBN 1-884590-95-0(2-vol. set—soft cover) ISBN 1-884590-96-9(2-vol.set—loose leaf) publication by International Fire Code Institute 5360 Workman Mill Road Whittier,California 90601-2298 (562)699-0124 Copyright©1994,1995,1996,1997 copyright held by International Conference of Building Officials 5360 Workman Mill Road Whittier,California 90601-2298 and Western Fire Chiefs Association 300 N.Main Avenue,Suite 25 Fallbrook,California 92028 Licensed to the International Fire Code Institute Cover photos courtesy of Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation and Los Angeles County Department of Public Works. PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. 1UU8 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 9�p1 OF TN F J M r e Based on the C,(1FONN'* 1997 �UFCTM a California Building q � o �' Standards Commission International Fire Code Institute 5360 Workman Mill Road Whittier,California 90601-2298 (562)699-0124 Copyright© 1998 copyright held by International Conference of Building Officials 5360 Workman Mill Road Whittier,California 90601-2298 and Western Fire Chiefs Association 300 N.Main Avenue,Suite 25 Fallbrook,California 92028 and California Building Standards Commission 1300 K Street,Suite 101 Sacramento,California 95814 Licensed to the International Fire Code Institute Cover photos courtesy of Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation and Los.Angeles County Department of Public Works. / PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. Preface Introduction:The Uniform Fire Code(UFC)is the United States'premier model fire code.Since its initiation in 1971,the code has become internationally recognized for its role in setting the pace of fire prevention,fire protection and public safety. Fire codes represent one of today's most rapidly changing regulatory arenas. New challenges presented by hazardous materials, flammable and combustible liquids,explosives,high-piled combustible storage,aerosol product storage and building operations are among the many issues shaping the future of fire prevention,fire protection and public safety.In addition,fire codes have evolved far beyond their traditional roles as maintenance codes,now addressing many issues related to new construction and special hazards in buildings.As a model code developed through a consensus code development process,the Uniform Fire Code provides jurisdictions with an opportunity to adopt a fire code which is comprehensive,up-to-date and consistent with codes of other jurisdictions.Adop- tion of the Uniform Fire Code also relieves jurisdictions from the burdensome process of independently developing regulations. History:The 1997 edition is the tenth edition of the Uniform Fire Code. Now published by the International Fire Code Institute, the code was initially published as a model code document in 1971 through a cooperative effort of the Western Fire Chiefs Associa- tion and the International Conference of Building Officials.The Code was updated in 1973 and has since been published on a three- year schedule. Editions include 1971, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994 and 1997. Two-Volume Set: Provisions of the Uniform Fire Code and the Uniform Fire Code Standards have been redesignated as a two- volume set of the Uniform Fire Code. Volume 1 contains the provisions previously contained in the Uniform Fire Code and Volume 2 contains provisions previously contained in the Uniform Fire Code Standards. This redesignation emphasized that both books are truly part of the Uniform Fire Code when the code is adopted. Metrication:The Uniform Fire Code was metricated for the 1994 edition.Metric equivalents are provided in parentheses follow- ing English units.Formulas are also provided with metric equivalents.Metric equivalent formulas immediately follow English for- mulas and are denoted by "For SI:" preceding the metric equivalent. Some formulas do not use dimensions and, thus, are not provided with metric equivalents.Tables are provided with multiplying conversion factors in subheadings for each tabulated unit of measurement. Metric equivalents included in the code represent approximate conversions from English units.Where metric units are shown in parentheses adjacent to English units,the English units shall be the exact code requirement,and the metric equivalent shall be con- sidered as an approximation. It is recognized that some of the selected units for metric conversions,such as the use of millimeters for most dimensions of length, may be nonstandard;however,unit selections were based on those used by the Uniform Building Code at the request of the General Services Administration,an agency of the United States Government. How the Code is Revised:The Uniform Fire Code is updated on an annual basis.At the conclusion of each update cycle,an annual supplement to the current edition is published,except for every third year when all approved code changes are consolidated into a new edition of the code.Updating is accomplished through a consensus code development process administered by the International Fire Code Institute that allows anyone to submit proposals to revise the code and comment on the proposals of others through regular public hearings. Participants in the code development process represent a wide cross-section of fire officials,building officials, design professionals,manufacturers, developers, insurance organizations, researchers,industry associations and other interested parties. For additional information about the process of revising the code or to submit a code change proposal,contact the International Fire Code Institute. Marking of Revisions as Compared to the 1994 Edition: Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical or major editorial change from the 1994 edition.The revision may be a new code provision,a revised provision or a provision that has been relocated from elsewhere in the code. The letter B repeating in line vertically in the margin indicates that the provision is maintained under the code change procedures of the International Conference of Building Officials and that the provision is based on requirements of the Uniform Building Code. The letter M repeating in line vertically in the margin indicates that the provision is maintained under the code change procedures of the International Conference of Building Officials and that the provision is based on requirements of the Uniform Mechanical Code'" Deletion indicators(0)are provided in the margin where a paragraph or item listing has been deleted or relocated to another por- tion of the code. Minor revisions,such as rewording or resequencing changes,have not been marked in the margin. iii California Fire Code Preface This document is the ninth part of 11 parts of the official triennial compilation and publication of adoptions, amendments and repeal of building regulations to the California Code of Regulations, Title 24,also referred to as the California Building Standards Code.This part is known as the California Fire Code and incorporates by adoption the 1997 edition of the Uniform.Fire Code- of the International Fire Code Institute with necessary California amendments. The California Building Standards Code is published in its entirety every three years by order of California legislature, with sup- plements published in intervening years. The California legislature delegates authority to various state agencies, boards, commis- sions and departments to create building regulations to implement the state' statutes. These building regulations have the same force of law, and take effect 180 days after its publication, unless otherwise stipulated. The California Building Standards Code applies to all occupancies throughout the State of California as annotated. A city,county, or city and county may establish more restrictive building standards reasonably necessary because of local clima- tic,geological or topographical conditions. Findings of local condition must be filed with the California Building Standards Com- mission to become effective,and may not be effective any sooner than the effective date of the California Building Standards Code. To familiarize yourself with the format of this code, it is suggested that users review the following contents of this code: • Now to Distinguish Model Code Language from California Amendments • California Matrix Adoption Tables If you have any questions regarding this code or wish to offer comments toward improving the format of this code,please address, your questions and comments to: California Building Standards Commission 1130 K Street,Suite 101 Sacramento, CA 95814 Phone: (916)323-6363 Fax:(916)443-6008 1-ii.i California Building Standards Commission Questions and Interpretations Contact List Department of Housing and Community Development State Historical Building Code Board Residential . . . . . ..... . .. ... . . ..... . .... . (916)445-9471 Alternative Building Standards . . ... .... ... (916)445-7627 Manufactured Homes,Commercial Coaches and Permanent Structures in Mobile Home Parks (General) ... ... ..... . . .... .. ... . .. .. (916)445-3338 Department of Food and Agriculture Mobile Homes (permits/inspections) . .. . (916)255-2501 Northern Region Meat&Poultry Packing Plant Standards . ... (916)654-0504 (909)782-4420 Southern Region Dairy Standards . . .. . .. . ..... .. .... .. .. . (916)653-6582 Employee Housing.... . .. . ... . .. .... ... . (916)445-9471 Residential Access Interpretive Department of the Youth Authority Manual . . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . . ... (916)457-1103 CALBO Office of the State Fire Marshal Institution Standards .... .. . ... . .. ... ... . . (916)262-1428 Fire Safety . ......... . ... .. ... . . ... .. .. (916)445-8421 Fireplace Standards (916)445-8421 Department of Water Resources . .. ... . .. . . ... .. . . . . . Day Care Centers ...... .. . .. . . .. . ....... (916)445-8421 Gray Water Installation Standards . . . . ... . . . (916)327-1620 Exits ...... . . . ... . . . . ..... . .... .. ... . . (916)445-8421 Division of the State Architect—Structural Safety Board of Corrections Public Schools . . ... ..... . . . . . .. . . . . ... . (916)445-7627 Jail Standards ......... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... (916)324-1914 State-owned Buildings . . .. . .. . .. . . ... .... (916)445-7627 Earthquake Safety . . .. ... ... .. ..... . ... . (916)445-7627 Asbestos . . . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . ....... (916)445-2630 California State Library State Building Inspector Information .. . ... . (916)445-7627 Construction Standards . . . . ... . . ..... . . .. . . ..... . . .. (916)653-7252 Division of the State Architect—Access Compliance Disabled Access ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . ..... . . (916)327-9698 Department of Consumer Affairs—Board of Barbering Access Interpretive Manual . . . . . ..... . .. . . (916)327-9698 and Cosmetology Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development Barber and Beauty Shop and Hospitals . .... ... . .. ... . .. . .. . . ..... .. (916)654-2012 College Standards . .. . . . . .. . ... . ... .. . (916)327-6250 Skilled Nursing Facilities.. ... . . ..... . ... . (916)654-2012 Clinics (916)654-2012 Department of Consumer Affairs—Board of Pharmacy ... ....... . .. . .. . . . . . . . . ....... Permits . . . . ... . ... ... .. ..... .. . . . . . . . . (916)654-3362 Pharmacy Standards.... . . . . . . .. .. .. . . ... (916)445-5014 Department of Health Services Organized Camps ..... . .. . .. . . . . . ... .. .. (916)324-2208 Department of Consumer Affairs—Board of Public Swimming Pools . .. . . . . . .. . . .. ... . (916)324-2208 Veterinary Medicine Asbestos .. . ... ... ... . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. .. (415)540-2134 Veterinary Hospital Standards . . . . .. .. . . . . . (916)263-2610 Department of Industrial Relations,Division of Occupational Safety and Health Department of Consumer Affairs—Acupuncture Places of Employment . ... . . . . . . .. ... ... . (916)322-3640 Committee Employee Safety . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . . . (916)322-3640 Office Standards. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . (916)263-2680 Elevators . ....... .... .. . .. . . .. ... ... .. (916)322-3640 Boiler Inspections . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . (916)920-6123 Pressure Vessels . ... ... .. . .. . . .. ... ... . . (415)557-0437 Department of Consumer Affairs—Bureau of Home ' ' '' ''' Furnishings and Thermal Insulation Asbestos ... . .. . . . . .. . . (916)920-6131 Industrial Hygienist California Energy Commission Insulation Testing Standards . ... ... . . .. . . . (916)574-2040 Energy Standards ... .. . .. . . . (800)772-3300 Energy Hotline Furnace Standards . . . . . .. ... (800)772-3300 Energy Hotline Department of Consumer Affairs—Structural Pest Control Board Lighting Standards . . . . . .. . . . (800)772-3300 Energy Hotline Interpretive Manual/Energy Forms .. . . . . . . . (916)654-5200 Structural Standards . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . (916)263-2540 1—ii.2 How to Distinguish Model Code Language from California Amendments To distinguish between model code language and incorporated California amendments, including exclusive California standards, California amendments will appear in italics. Symbols in the margins indicate the status of code changes as follows: [SFM] This symbol identifies which state agency(s)has amended a section of model code.For a complete listing of state agencies, refer to the Application Section within Article 1. cThis symbol indicates a California amendment has been made to the Uniform Fire Code. A This symbol indicates that a change has been made to a California amendment. This symbol indicates that model code language has been deleted within a California amendment. L � This symbol is primarily for the benefit of local agencies,such as city and county building departments,who by law must enforce � selected sections of the California Fire Code.An "L"next to the "CA"signals such sections in the outside margin. This symbol indicates deletion of California language. 1—vi.1 About the International Fire Code Institute The International Fire Code Institute(IFCI)is a not-for-profit public service benefit corporation dedicated to public safety.The Institute is a membership association representing fire officials,building officials, design professionals,manufacturers,developers, insurance organizations,researchers,industry associations and other interested parties.Cosponsored by the International Associa- tion of Fire Chiefs(IAFC), the International Conference of Building Officials(ICBO)and the Western Fire Chiefs Association (WFCA),the institute was formed to act as an advocate for fire officials and as publishers of the Uniform Fire Code'"' (UFC) to promote the continued success of the UFC.The Institute began operations in October 1991,and together with IFCI's sister organiza- tions,ICBO and WFCA,IFCI has nearly 70 years experience developing and promulgating model codes,including more than 20 years developing and promulgating the Uniform Fire Code. The Institute occupies a unique niche among fire-safety organizations as the first organization in the United States to focus on model fire codes, and it has quickly become a leading fire-safety organization.The most well-known function of IFCI is the orga- nization's role in administration of the Uniform Fire Code and ancillary programs. The Institute has four major organizational objectives: 1. To promote international uniformity of fire prevention,hazardous material and building construction regulations; 2. To provide a forum in which persons interested in the prevention,control and suppression of fires,explosions and hazardous materials incidents can exchange methods of improved safety and ideas; 3. To continue publishing,developing and promoting the Uniform`Fire Code; and 4. To provide education and support services for the Uniform Fire+Code. The Institute has already had a dramatic impact on the fire prevention profession.New programs and projects offered by IFCI include publication of the IFCI Fire Code Journal, the nation's first magazine to focus on fire code related issues.The IFCI Fire Code Journal is also unique in that it covers activities of interest in all of the model code organizations,not just those in the Uniform Codes,so that IFCI's members can keep abreast of major fire-and life-safety issues affecting codes throughout the United States. The Institute also offers numerous professional development seminars for fire code enforcers and users,nationally recognized certi- fication programs for fire inspectors and underground storage tank installers and inspectors,and computer-assisted tools for using the UFC.Several additional projects to support fire code users are also under development. Membership is currently available to individuals and organizations with an interest in fire codes, and membership benefits include receiving copies of each new edition of the Uniform Fire Code and annual supplements;the IFCI Fire Code Journal magazine;all proposed revisions to the Uniform Fire Code, code application and enforcement assistance by a staff of engineers,and discounts on publications,educational offerings and video training programs. For further information on the International Fire Code Institute,please call IFCI's office at(562)699-0124,fax(562)699-4522. v Chapter 17.56 UNIFORM FIRE CODE (105-5/13, 413-5/38, 458-6/42, 1131-4/65, 1414-6/68, 1499-5/69, 1884-12/73,1900-3/74, 2121-12/76, 2188-6/77, 2430-1/70, 2480-7/80, 2638-9/83,2865-11/86, 3020-12/89, 3174-1/93, 3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Sections: 17.56.010 Adoption 17.56.015 Definition 17.56.020 UFC Section 103.1.4 Amended—Appeals 17.56.025 New materials, processes or occupancies—Permits 17.56.030 Repealed —Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.035 Repealed — Ord. 3317-1/96 17.56.040 UFC Section 209-H Amended—ADD HIGH RISE 17.56.045 UFC Section 902.2.2.1 Amended--Fire Apparatus Access Dimensions 17.56.046 UFC Section 902.4 Amended—Key Boxes/Gates 17.56.050 UFC Section 1003 Amended—Fire Extinguishing Systems 17.56.055 UFC Section 1003.2.2 Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems 17.56.060 UFC Section 1003.4 Permissible Sprinkler Omissions 17.56.065 UFC Section 1004 Amended--Standpipes TABLE 1004-A 17.56.070 Repealed — Ord. 3317-1/96 17.56.075 UFC Section 5202.4.1 Amended--Aboveground Fuel Tanks 17.56.080 UFC Section 5202.4.5 Dispensing Supervision 17.56.085 UFC Section 6106.3 Portable Unvented Oil-Burning Heating Devices 17.56.087 UFC Section 7901.3.2 Hazardous Materials Storage Plan 17.56.089 Repealed — Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.090 Repealed— Ord. 3317-1/96 17.56.091 Repealed —Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.095 UFC Section 7902.2.2.1 Locations Where Aboveground Tanks Are Prohibited 17.56.100 UFC Section 7902.6.3 Location of Underground Fuel Tanks 17.56.105 UFC Section 7902.6.10 Tank Lining 17.56.110 UFC Section 7903.2.1.4. Heating, Cooking, and Lighting Devices 17.56.115 UFC Section 7903.2.3.4 Mechanical Ventilation 17.56.120 UFC Section 7904.3.2.3 Oil Well Drilling and Operation 17.56.125 Repealed — Ord. 3317-1/96 17.56.130 UFC Section 7904.3.4.2 Amended--Sumps 17.56.135 UFC Section 7904.3.10 Huntington Beach Oil Code 17.56.140 UFC Section 8001.3.2 Hazardous Materials Management Plan 17.56.145 UFC Section 8001.3.3 Amended--Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement 17.56.150 Repealed— Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.155 UFC Section 8001.5.2.2 Notification 17.56.160 Repealed — Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.165 UFC Section 8001.5.2.5 Responsibility For Clean-up (Soil Spec.) 17.56.170 UFC Section 8001.7 Identification Signs 17.56.175 Add UFC Section 8001.11.00 Spill Control, Drainage Control, and Secondary Containment 17.56.180 UFC Section 8001.15.1 Exempt amounts 17.56.182 UFC Section 8003.1.2 Hazardous Materials Signs 17.56.184 UFC Section 8003.1.5 Maximum Quantity Hazardous Materials On Site 17.56.185 Repealed — Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.190 UFC Section 8004.1.1 Applicability 17.56.192 UFC Section 8004.1.9 Hazardous Materials Signs 17.56.195 UFC Section 8102.10.2 High Piled Stock Aisle Width 17.56.200 Adopt UFC Appendix I-A Amended—Life safety requirements for existing buildings other than high rise 17.56.205 Adopt UFC Appendix II-C Amended--Marinas 17.56.210 Adopt UFC Appendix II-E Amended--Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement 17.56.220 Adopt UFC Appendix II-F Amended--Aboveground Tanks 17.56.010 Adoption. There is adopted by the City Council, for the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion, that certain code and standards known as the UFC, including Appendices I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-C, II- D, II E, II-F, II-H, II-J, III-A, III-C, and IV-A and amendments thereto, published by International Fire Code International, being particularly the 1997 edition thereof, and the 1998 UFC Supplement (hereinafter UFC) save and except those portions as are hereinafter modified or amended, of which code and standards not less than one (1) copy has been and is now filed in the Office of the City Clerk, and the same is hereby adopted and incorporated as fully as if set out at length herein, and from the date on which such UFC shall take effect, the provisions thereof shall be controlling within the limits of the City of Huntington Beach and shall hereinafter be referred to in this chapter as the Huntington Beach Fire Code. (11314/65, 1414-6/68, 1900-3/74,2188-6n7,2430-7/80, 2638-9/83,2865-11/86,3020-12/89,3174-1/93,3317-1/96,3430-7/99) 17.56.015 Definition. Wherever the word "jurisdiction" is used in the Huntington Beach Fire Code, it shall mean the City of Huntington Beach. (11314/65, 1414-6/68,2188-6/77,2430-7/80,2638-9/83, 2865-11/86,3020-12/89,3317-1/96) CODES AND RELATED PUBLICATIONS The International Conference of Building Officials(ICBO)publishes a family of codes,each correlated with the Uniform Building Code- to provide jurisdictions with a complete set of building-related regulations for adoption.Some of these codes are published in affiliation with other organizations such as the International Fire Code Institute(IFCI)and the International Code Council(ICC).Refer- ence materials and related codes also are available to improve knowledge of code enforcement and administration of building inspec- tion programs.Publications and products are continually being added,so inquiries should be directed to Conference headquarters for a listing of available products.Many codes and references are also available on CD-ROM or floppy disk.These are denoted by(*).The following publications and products are available from ICBO: CODES Uniform Mechanical Code and related codes. It contains provisions *Uniform Building Code, Volumes 1, 2 and 3. The most widely which relate to site preparation,construction,alteration,moving,repair adopted model building code in the United States,the performance- and use and occupancies of buildings or structures and building service based Uniform Building Code is a proven document,meeting the needs equipment,including plumbing,electrical and mechanical regulations. of government units charged with the enforcement of building regula- The code is compatible with the administrative provisions of all codes tions.Volume 1 contains administrative,fire-and life-safety and field published by the Conference. inspection provisions;Volume 2 contains structural engineering design Uniform Building Security Code-. This code establishes mini- provisions; and Volume 3 contains material, testing and installation mum standards to make dwelling units resistant to unlawful entry. It standards. regulates swinging doors,sliding doors,windows and hardware in con- *Uniform Mechanical Code .Provides a complete set of require- nection with dwelling units of apartment houses or one-and two-family ments for the design, construction, installation and maintenance of dwellings.The code gives consideration to the concerns of police,fire heating,ventilating,cooling and refrigeration systems;incinerators and and building officials in establishing requirements for resistance to bur- other heat-producing appliances. glary which are compatible with fire and life safety. International Plumbing Code-. Provides consistent and techni- Uniform Code for Building Conservation-.A building conserva- cally advanced requirements that can be used across the country to.pro- tion guideline presented in code format which will provide a communi- vide comprehensive regulations of modem plumbing systems.Setting ty with the means to preserve its existing buildings while achieving minimum regulations for plumbing facilities in terms of performance appropriate levels of safety.It is formatted in the same manner as the objectives,the IPC provides for the acceptance of new and innovative Uniform Building Code, is compatible with other Uniform Codes,and products,materials and systems. may be adopted as a code or used as a guideline. International Private Sewage Disposal Code-.Provides flexibil- Dwelling Construction under the Uniform Building Code-. ity in the development of safety and sanitary individual sewage disposal Designed primarily for use in home building and apprentice training, systems and includes detailed provisions for all aspects of design, this book contains requirements applicable to the construction of one- installation and inspection of private sewage disposal systems. and two-story dwellings based on the requirements of the Uniform International Mechanical Code-.Establishes minimum regula- Building Code.Available in English or Spanish. tions for mechanical systems using prescriptive and performance- Dwelling Construction under the Uniform Mechanical Code-. related provisions.It is founded on broad-based principles that make This publication is for the convenience of the homeowner or contractor possible the use of new materials and new mechanical designs. interested in installing mechanical equipment in a one-or two-family Uniform Zoning Code-.This code is dedicated to intelligent com- dwelling in conformance with the Uniform Mechanical Code. munity development and to the benefit of the public welfare by provid- Supplements to UBC and related codes.Published in the years be- ing a means of promoting uniformity in zoning laws and enforcement. tween editions,the Supplements contain all approved changes,plus an *Uniform Fire Code-,Volumes 1 and 2.The premier model fire analysis of those changes. code in the United States,the Uniform Fire Code sets forth provisions Uniform Building Code-1927 Edition.A special 60th anniversa- necessary for fire prevention and fire protection. Published by the ry printing of the first published Uniform Building Code. International Fire Code Institute,the Uniform Fire Code is endorsed by One and Two Family Dwelling Code. Promulgated by ICC, this the Western Fire Chiefs Association,the International Association of code eliminates conflicts and duplications among the model codes to Fire Chiefs and ICBO.Volume 1 contains code provisions compatible achieve national uniformity.Covers mechanical and plumbing require- with the Uniform Building Code,and Volume 2 contains standards ref- ments as well as construction and occupancy. erenced from the code provisions. *Urban-Wildiand Interface Code-. Promulgated by IFCI, this Application and Commentary on the One and T Family Dwelling Code.An interpretative commentary on the One and Two code regulates both land use and the built environment in designated ur- Family Dwelling Code intended to enhance uniformity of interpretation ban-wildland interface areas. This newly developed code is the only and application of the code nationwide.Developed by the three model model code that bases construction requirements on the fire-hazard code organizations,this document includes numerous illustrations of severity exposed to the structure. Developed under a grant from the code requirements and the rationale for individual provisions. Federal Emergency Management Agency,this code is the direct result of hazard mitigation meetings held after devastating wildfires. Model Energy Code.This code includes minimum requirements for Uniform Housing Code-.Provides complete requirements affect- effective use of energy in the design of new buildings and structures and additions to existing buildings.It is based on American Society of Heat- conservation and rehabilitation of housing.Its regulations are com- ing conservation e with the Uniform Building Code. ing,Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers Standard 90A4980 patand was originally developed jointly by ICBO,BOCA,SBCCI and the Uniform Code for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings-.A National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards under a code compatible with the Uniform Building Code and the Uniform contract funded by the United States Department of Energy.The code is Housing Code which provides equitable remedies consistent with other now maintained by ICC and is adopted by reference in the Uniform laws for the repair,vacation or demolition of dangerous buildings. Building Code. Uniform Sign Code-.Dedicated to the development of better sign National Electrical Code.The electrical code used throughout the regulation, its requirements pertain to all signs and sign construction United States.Published by the National Fire Protection Association,it attached to buildings. is an indispensable aid to every electrician,contractor,architect,build- Uniform Administrative Code-.This code covers administrative er,inspector and anyone who must specify or certify electrical installa- areas in connection with adoption of the Uniform Building Code, tions. vii TECHNICAL REFERENCES AND EDUCATIONAL and financial aspects of a building department. It is also an ideal MATERIALS resource for those preparing for the management module of the CABO Analysis of Revisions to the Uniform Codes-. An analysis of Building Official Certification Examination. changes between the previous and new editions of the Uniform Codes is Legal Aspects of Code Administration.A manual developed by the provided.Changes between code editions are noted either at the begin- three model code organizations to inform the building official on the le- ning of chapters or in the margins of the code text. gal aspects of the profession.The text is written in a logical sequence *Handbook to the Uniform Building Code. The handbook is a with explanation of legal terminology. It is designed to serve as a completely detailed and illustrated commentary on the Uniform Build- refresher for those preparing to take the legal module of the CABO ing Code, tracing historical background and rationale of the codes Building Official Certification Examination. through the current edition.Also included are numerous drawings and Illustrated Guide to Conventional Construction Provisions of figures clarifying the application and intent of the code provisions.Also the UBC. This comprehensive guide and commentary provides available in electronic format. detailed explanations of the conventional construction provisions in the *Handbook to the Uniform Mechanical Code.An indispensable UBC, including descriptive discussions and illustrated drawings to tool for understanding the provisions of the current UMC,the handbook convey the prescriptive provisions related to wood-frame construction. traces the historical background and rationale behind the UMC provi- Introduction to the Uniform Building Code.A workbook that ero- sions,includes 160 figures which clarify the intent and application of vides an overview of the basics of the UBC. the code,and provides a chapter-by-chapter analysis of the UMC. Uniform Building Code Update Workbook.This manual address- *Uniform Building Code Application Manual. This manual es many of the changes to the administrative,fire-and life-safety,and discusses sections of the Uniform Building Code with a question-and- inspection provisions appearing in the UBC. answer format, providing a comprehensive analysis of the intent of the code sections. Most sections include illustrative examples. The UMC Workbook. Designed for independent study or use with manual is in loose-leaf format so that code applications published instructor-led programs based on the Uniform Mechanical Code, this in Building Standards magazine may be inserted. Also available in comprehensive study guide consists of 16 learning sessions,with the electronic format. first two sessions reviewing the purpose,scope,definitions and admin- istrative provisions and the remaining 14 sessions progressively explor- ventilating,cooling and refrigeration systems. ing the requirements for installing,inspecting and maintaining heating, ion document to the Uniform Mechanical Code, this manual provides a comprehensive analysis of the intent of a number of code sections in ventilating, an easy-to-use question-and-answer format.The manual is available in UBC Field Inspection Workbook.A comprehensive workbook for a loose-leaf format and includes illustrative examples for many code studying the provisions of the UBC. Divided into 12 sessions, this sections. workbook focuses on the UBC combustible construction requirements *Uniform Fire Code Applications Manual.This newly developed for the inspection of wood-framed construction. manual provides questions and answers regarding UFC provisions. Concrete Manual.A publication for individuals seeking an under- A comprehensive analysis of the intent of numerous code sections,the standing of the fundamentals of concrete field technology and inspec- manual is in a loose-leaf format for easy insertion of code applications tion practices.Of particular interest to concrete construction inspectors, published in IFCI's Fire Code Journal. it will also benefit employees of concrete producers,contractors,test- Quick-Reference Guide to the Occupancy Requirements of the ing and inspection laboratories and material suppliers. 1997 UBC. Code requirements are compiled in this publication by Reinforced Concrete Masonry Construction Inspector's Hand- occupancy groups for quick access. These tabulations assemble book.A comprehensive information source written especially for ma- requirements for each occupancy classification in the code.Provisions, sonry inspection covering terminology,technology,materials,quality such as fire-resistive ratings for occupancy separations in Table 3-13, control,inspection and standards.Published jointly by ICBO and the exterior wall and opening protection requirements in Table 5-A-1,and Masonry Institute of America. fire-resistive ratings for types of construction in Table 6-A,are tabu- You Can Build It!Sponsored by ICBO in cooperation with CABO, lated for quick reference and comparison. this booklet contains information and advice to aid"do-it-yourselfers" Plan Review Manual.A practical text that will assist and guide both with building projects.Provides guidance in necessary procedures such the field inspector and plan reviewer in applying the code requirements. as permit requirements,codes,plans,cost estimation,etc. This manual covers the nonstructural and basic structural aspects of Guidelines for Manufactured Housing Installations.A guideline plan review. in code form implementing the Uniform Building Code and its compan- Field Inspection Manual. An important fundamental text for ion code documents to regulate the permanent installation of a man- courses of study at the community college and trade or technical school ufactured home on a privately owned,nonrental site.A commentary is level.It is an effective text for those studying building construction or included to explain specific provisions, and codes applying to each architecture and includes sample forms and checklists for use in the component part are defined. field. Accessibility Reference Guide.This guide is a valuable resource for Building Department Administration.An excellent guide for im- architects,interior designers,plan reviewers and others who design and provement of skills in departmental management and in the enforce- enforce accessibility provisions.Features include accessibility require- ment and application of the Building Code and other regulations ments,along with detailed commentary and graphics to clarify the pro- administered by a building inspection department.This textbook will visions;cross-references to other applicable sections of the UBC and also be a valuable aid to instructors,students and those in related profes- the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines;a check- sional fields. list of UBC provisions on access and usability requirements;and many Building Department Guide to Disaster Mitigation. This new, other useful references. expanded guide is designed to assist building departments in develop- Educational and Technical Reference Materials.The Conference ing or updating disaster mitigation plans. Subjects covered include has been a leader in the development of texts and course material to guidelines for damage mitigation, disaster-response management, assist in the educational process.These materials include vital informa- immediate response, mutual aid and inspections, working with the tion necessary for the building official and subordinates in carrying out media,repair and recovery policies,and public information bulletins. their responsibilities and have proven to be excellent references in con- This publication is a must for those involved in preparing for and nection with community college curricula and higher-level courses in responding to disaster. the field of building construction technology and inspection and in the Building Official Management Manual. This manual addresses administration of building departments. Included are plan review the unique nature of code administration and the managerial duties of checklists for structural,nonstructural,mechanical and fire-safety pro- the building official.A supplementary insert addresses the budgetary visions and a full line of videotapes and automated products. vill TABLE OF CONTENTS A Matrix Adoption Tables...:....................... I-xiv.5 Section 1203 Means of Egress Obstructions ...... 1-47 Section 1204 Aisles .......... ............... 1-47 Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the Uniform Fire Code 1-xv Section 1205 Fire Escape ..................... 1-47 Section 1206 Emergency Escapes .............. 1-47 Part I General Section 1207 Doors ......................... 1-47 Article 1 Administration 1-1 Section 1208 Gates and Barriers ............... 1-48 ....................... Section 1209 Corridors....................... 1-4 Section 101 General ........... Section 102 Retroactive Application to Section 1210 Stairways and Ramps ............. 1-48 Existing Conditions 1-2 Section 1211 Means of Egress Illumination....... 1-48 Section 103 Inspection and Enforcement ........ 1-2 Section 1212 Means of Egress Identification ...... 1-48 Section 104 Control and Investigation of Section 1213 Discharge,Dispersal and Refuge .... 1-49 Emergency Scenes ............... 1-3 Article 13 Emergency Procedures 1-51 Section 105 Permits ........................ 1-4 Section 1301 General ........................ 1-51 Section 1302 Reporting of Emergencies and Part II Definitions and Abbreviations False Alarms .................... I-51 Article 2 Definitions and Abbreviations........... 1-9 Section 1303 Emergency Plans and Procedures.... 1-51 Part III General Provisions for Safety PART IV Special Occupancy Uses Article 9 Fire Department Access and Article 24 Airports,Heliports and Helistops ........ 1-53 Water Supply ........................ 1-27 Section 2401 General ........................ 1-53 Section 901 General ........................ 1-27 Section 2402 Fueling and Defueling ............ 1-53 Section 902 Fire Department Access ........... 1-27 Section 2403 Heliports and Helistops ........... 1-55 Section 903 Water Supplies and Fire Hydrants ... 1-28 Article 25 Places of Assembly 1-57 Article 10 Fire-protection Systems and Equipment .. 1-31 Section 2501 General ........................ 1-57 Section 1001 General ........................ 1-31 Section 2502 Reviewing Stands,Grandstands, Section 1002 Portable Fire Extinguishers ........ 1-32 Bleachers,and Folding and Section 1003 Fire-extinguishing Systems ........ 1-32 Telescoping Seating .............. 1-60 Section 1004 Standpipes 1-35 Section 2503 Securing of Chairs ............... 1-61 a Inlets 1-35 Section 2504 Outdoor Carnivals and Fairs........ 1-61 Section 1005 Basement Pi P Section 2505 Liquid-and Gas-fueled Section 1006 Protection of Commercial Vehicles and Equipment ........... 1-61 Cooking Operations 1-35 Section 1007 Fire Alarm Systems .............. 1-36 Article 26 Bowling Alleys ....................... 1-63 Section 2601 Scope ........... .............. 1-63 Article 11 General Safety Precautions ............. 1-41 Section 2602 Permits 1-63 .......... .............. Section 1101 General ........................ 1-41 Section 2603 Alley Resurfacing and Refinishing .. 1-63 Section 1102 Incinerators,Open Burning and Section 2604 Pin-refinishingRooms 1-63 Commercial Barbecue Pits ......... 1-41 Section 1103 Combustible Materials ............ 1-42 Article 27 Cellulose Nitrate Plastics(Pyroxylin), Section 1104 Parade Floats 1-43 Storage and Handling ................. 1-65 Section 1105 Asphalt Kettles .................. 1-43 Section 2701 Scope . .......... .............. 1-65 Section 1106 Gas Meters and Piping 1-43 Section 2702 Definitions ...... ............... 1-65 Section 1107 Heat-producing Appliances . ....... 1-43 Section 2703 Permits ........................ 1-65 Section 1108 Powered Industrial Trucks ......... 1-44 Section 2704 Display of Plastics ............... 1-65 Section 1109 Control of Sources of Ignition ...... 1-44 Section 2705 Storage and Handling ............. 1-65 Section 1110 Vacant Buildings ............ .... 1-45 Section 2706 Fire-protection Equipment .. ....... 1-65 Section 1111 Maintenance of Fire-resistive Section 2707 Sources of Ignition ............... 1-65 Construction .................... 1-45 Article 28 Storage and Handling of Section 1112 Maintenance of Interior Wall Combustible Fibers ..... .. ............ 1-67 and Ceiling Finishes .............. 1-45 Section 2801 Scope 1-67 Section 1113 Floor Openings .................. 1-45 Section 2802 Definitions 1-67 ......... ............ Article 12 Maintenance of Means of Egress Section 2803 Permits ........................ 1-67 and Emergency Escapes............. ... 1-47 Section 2804 Loose Storage .................. . 1-67 Section 1201 General ........................ 1-47 Section 2805 Baled Storage .................. . 1-67 Section 1202 Adequacy of Means of Egress Section 2806 Storage of Agricultural Products .... 1-67 in Existing Occupancies ........... 1-47 Section 2807 Dust-collecting System.........:.. 1-67 1-ix Article 29 Repair Garages................... .. .. 1-69 Section 3404 Fire Apparatus Access Roads ....... 1-81 Section 2901 General .... ... .......... ....... 1-69 Section 3405 Welding and Cutting.... .......... 1-81 Section 2902 Repair Garages for Liquid-fueled Section 3406 Housekeeping . .................. 1-81 and LPG-fueled Vehicles . ......... 1-69 Section 3407 Fire Protection 1-81 ..... ............. Section 2903 Repair Garages for Natural Gas-and Section 3408 Tires .... ...................... 1-81 Hydrogen-fueled Vehicles ....... . . 1-69 Section 3409 Burning Operations 1-81 Article 30 Wood Products ....................... 1-71 Section 3410 Motor Vehicle Fluids and Section 3001 Scope 1-71 Hazardous Materials.............. 1-81 p ......................... Section 3002 Definitions .............. ....... 1-71 Article 35 Covered Mall Buildings ........ ........ 1-83 Section 3003 Permits ........................ 1-71 Section 3501 Scope ......................... 1-83 Section 3004 General Requirements ............ 1-71 Section 3502 Definitions ..................... 1-83 Section 3005 Log Storage Areas ............... 1-71 Section 3503 Permits ........................ 1-83 Section 3006 Storage of Wood Chips and Hogged Section 3504 General Requirements ............ 1-83 Material in Association with Timber Section 3505 Temporary Structures ............. 1-83 and Lumber Production Facilities ... 1-71 Section 3506 Temporary Places of Assembly ..... 1-83 Section 3007 Plywood and Veneer Mills ......... 1-71 Section 3008 Storage and Processing of Wood Chips, Article 36 Dry Cleaning... ...................... 1-85 Hogged Material,Fines,Compost and Section 3601 General ........................ 1-85 Raw Product in Association with Section 3602 Dry Cleaning with Noncombustible Yard Waste and Recycling Liquids Except for Limited-access Facilities ....................... 1-72 Spotting Operations .............. 1-85 Section 3009 Exterior Storage of Finished Section 3603 Dry Cleaning with Flammable and Lumber Products ................ 1-72 Combustible Liquids . ............ 1-86 Article 31 (Not Used) Article 40 Motion Picture Production Studio C Sound Stages and Approved A Article 32 Temporary Membrane Structures, Production Facilities .................... 1-88.1 C Tents and Canopies ................... 1-75 Section 4001 General......................... 1-88.1 Cp Section 3201 Scope . ...... ............ .. .... 1-75 Section 4002 Occupancy Classification ........... 1-88.1 A Section 3202 Definitions ..... .......... ...... 1-75 Section 4003 Required Permits 1-88.1 C Section 3203 Permits ........................ 1-75 Section 4004 General Requirements ............. . M. C Section 3204 Use Period . .............. ...... 1-75 Section 4005 Fire-extinguishing Systems.......... 1-88.1 A Section 3205 Access,Location and Parking .. .. .. 1-75 Section 4006 Fire-detection Equipment........... 1-88.2 C Section 3206 Structural Stability .... .. ......... 1-75 Section 4007 Fire Safety Officers................ 1-88.2 A Section 3207 Flame Resistance ............ .... 1-75 Section 4008 Electrical Requirements ............ 1-88.2 A Section 3208 Portable Fire Extinguishers ........ I-75 Section 4009 Mechanical Equipment............. 1-88.2 A Section 3209 Maximum Occupant Load ..... .... 1-75 Section 4010 Design Requirements 1-88.2 A .............. Section 3210 Seating Arrangements ............ 1-75 A Article 41 Winery Caves .......................... 1-88.3 C Section 3211 Means of Egress ................. 1-75 Section 4101 Scope ........... . .............. 1-88.3C Section 3212 Maintenance of Means of Egress .... 1-76 A Section 4102 Definitions ....... ............... 1-88.3 C Section 3213 Means of Egress Illumination... .. .. 1-76 A Section 4103 Permits ......................... 1-88.3 CA Section 3214 Exit Signs ..................... . I-76 Section 4104 Fire Apparatus Access Roads........ 1-88.3 C Section 3215 Sources of Ignition .......... . .... 1-76 Section 4105 Construction Requirements ......... 1-88.3 CA Section 3216 Cooking and Heating .. . ... ....... 1-76 Section 4106 General Requirements 1-88.3 A Section 3217 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. 1-76 C Section 4107 Portable Fire Extinguishers A Section 3218 Display of Motor Vehicles ......... I-76 and Other Fire Appliances .......... 1-88.3 A Section 3219 Generators ..................... 1-76 Section:4108 Fire Alarm Systems... ............. 1-88.3 A Section 3220 Standby Personnel .... ....... .. .. 1-76 Section 4109 Exits .... .... ................... 1-88.3 A CSection 3221 Housekeeping 1-77 Sectiot4110 Exit Illumination.................. 1-883 C Section 4111 Exit Signs 1-88.3 Article 33 Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film .... 1-79 g C Section 4112 Maximum Occupant Load .......... 1-88.4 C Section 3301 Scope ......... . ... ....... ..... 1-79 A Section 3302 Permits ............... Section 4113 Seating Arrangements ............. 1--88.4 C Section 3303 Buildings ...... ........... ..... 1-79 Section 3304 Storage and Handling .. . ...... .. .. 1-79 Part V Special Processes Article 34 Automobile Wrecking Yards ........ .. .. 1-81 Article 45 Application of Flammable Finishes ...... 1-89 Section 3401 Scope . .. ........... .. .. ...... . 1-81 Section 4501 General ..... . ............... ... 1-89 Section 3402 Definitions ....... ... .. .. ... .... 1-81 Section 4502 Spray Finishing ................. 1-89 Section 3403 Permits .................... .... 1-81 Section 4503 Dipping Operations .............. 1-92 1-x Section 4504 Electrostatic Apparatus...... ...... 1-94 Section 5009 Transfer of Flammable and Section 5 Powder Coating . .... 1-94 Combustible Liquids in Section 4506 Organic Peroxides and Process Areas .... . ........ ...... 1-106 Dual-component Coatings . .... ... . . . 1-95 Section 5010 Raw Materials in Process Areas ..... 1-106 Section 5011 Electrical Equipment ....... . . ..... 1-106 Article 46 Fruit-ripening Processes .. ............. 1-97 Section 5012 Protection from Static Electricity Section 4601 Scope 1-97 and Lightning ................... 1-106 Section 4602 Permits ........... ............. 1-97 Section 5013 Fire Protection 1=107 Section 4603 Use of Ethylene 1-97 Section 5014 Maintenance ... ........ ..: ...... 1-107 Section 4604 Electrical Equipment and Article 51 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities ..... 1-109 Illumination .... ................ 1-97 Section 5101 General ... ..................... 1-109 Section 4605 Heating ........................ 1-97 Section 5102 Storage .......... 1-112 ....... ...... Section 4606 Sources of Ignition ............... 1-97 Section 5103 Use and Handling ................. 1-112 Section 4607 Housekeeping 1-97 ' ' Article 52 Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations ... 1-117 Article 47 Fumigation and Thermal Section 5201 General ........ ................ 1-117 Insecticidal Fogging ................... 1-99 Section 5202 Flammable and Combustible Liquid Section 4701 Scope ...... ....... ............. 1-99 Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Section 4702 Permits ........... ............. 1-99 Stations ................. . .... .. 1-118 Section 4703 Sources of Ignition ............... 1-99 Section 5203 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Motor Section 4704 Notification of Fumigation ......... 1-99 Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations .... 1-126 Section 5204 Compressed Natural Gas Motor Section 4705 Breathing Apparatus.............. 1-99 Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations .... 1-126 Section 4706 Watch during Fumigation .......... 1-99 Section 4707 Sealing of Buildings .............. 1-99 Part VI Special Equipment Section 4708 Warning Signs .................. 1-99 Article 61 Oil-burning Equipment ................ 1-129 Section 4709 Venting and Cleanup . . ........... 1-99 Section 6101 Scope ............. 1-129 Section 4710 Thermal Insecticidal Fogging Section 6102 General ........................ 1-129 Liquids ........... ............ . 1-99 Section 6103 Permits Section 4711 Carbon Disulfide and Hydrogen Section 6104 Electrical Wiring and Equipment .... 1-129 Cyanide....................... . 1-99 Section 6105 Fuel Oil ... ..... ......... ....... 1-129 Article 48 Magnesium ............ .............. 1-101 Section 6106 Portable Unvented Oil-buming Section 4801 Scope 1-101 Heating Appliances ........ .....1 1-129 p ......................... Section 4802 Permits .......... .............. 1-101 Article 62 Industrial Baking and Drying Ovens ..... 1-131 Section 4803 Storage of Pigs,Ingots and Billets ... 1-101 Section 6201 Scope .... ............... ...... 1-131 Section 4804 Melting Pots .................... 1-101 Section 6202 Permits and Plans ......... ..... .... 1-131 Section 4805 Storage of Magnesium Articles in Section 6203 Location and Construction ......... 1-131 Foundries and Processing Plants .... 1-101 Section 6204 Ventilation 1-131 Section 4806 Heat-treating Ovens ... ........... 1-101 Section 6205 Safety Controls .................. 1-131 Section 4807 Magnesium Processing Operations .. 1-101 Article 63 Refrigeration ..................... .... 1-133 Section 4808 Fire-extinguishing Materials . ...... 1-101 Section 6301 Scope 1-133 Section 4809 Storage of Magnesium Articles .... . 1-101 Section 6302 Classification ... ...... . .. . .:.... 1-133 Section 4810 Fine Magnesium Scrap ........... . 1-101 Section 6303 Definitions. .... ........ .. ....... 1-133 Article 49 Hot Work. ....................... .... 1-103 Section 6304 Permits and Plans ...... . .. ....... 1-133 Section 6305 Installation and Maintenance ....... 1-133 Section 4901 General .......... .......... .... 1-103 Section 6306 Access.............. .... .....:. I-133 Section 4902 Fixed Hot-work Areas ............ 1-104 Section 6307 Emergency Control Box ......... .. 1-133 Article 50 Manufacture of Organic Coatings ....... 1-105 Section 6308 Treatment and Flaring Systems Section 5001 Scope 1-105 for Discharge .. ...... ..... . . .. . . 1-133 p ........... ... ........... Section 6309 Ammonia Discharge ........ .... ... . 1-133 Section 5002 Definitions . ...... ... ........... 1-105 Section 6310 Refrigeration Machinery Rooms 1-134 Section 5003 Permits ....... ..... . ........... 1-105 Section 6311 Refrigeration Machinery Section 5004 Process Buildings ... . ............ 1-105 Room Ventilation ....... .. . ...... .. . ...... I-134 Section 5005 Storage of Raw Materials and Section 6312 Refrigerated Process and Finished Products ... ......... .. .. 1-105 Storage Areas ........ .. ... . ..... 1-135 Section 5006 Spill Control and Secondary Section 6313 Detection and Alarm Systems ...... 1-135 Containment .................. . . 1-105 Section 6314 Refrigeration Machinery Room Section 5007 Process Mills,Mixers and Kettles ... 1-105 Equipment and Controls ...... ... .. 1-135 Section 5008 Process Piping ..... ........... . .. 1-106 Section 6315 Refrigerant Control Valves ... . ... .. 1-135 1—xi Section 6316 Protection from Mechanical Damage . 1-136 Section 8003 Storage . . ... . ........ .......... 1-213 Section 6317 Electrical .. . ... ... .. ... .. .. ..... 1-136 Section 8004 Use,Dispensing and Handling . ..... 1-226 Section 6318 Instructions ..... ........... . .. .. 1-136 Section 6319 Emergency Signs and Labels . ...... I-136 Article 81 High-piled Combustible Storage ...... ... 1-231 Section 8101 General ........... . ............ 1-231 Section 6320 Testing of Equipment ... ...... ... . 1-136 Section 8102 General Fire-protection and Section 6321 Notification of Discharges .. . ...... 1-136 Life-safe[ Features 1-234 Section 6322 Storage,Handling and Use ..... ... . 1-136 Section 8103 Solid-piled and Shelf Storage ....... 1-235 Section 6323 Changing of Refrigerant Type ...... 1-136 Section 8104 Rack Storage 1-236 Section 6324 Records ................... . .... 1-136 Section 8105 Automated Storage .. ............. 1-236 Article 64 Stationary Lead-acid Battery Systems .... 1-137 Section 8106 Specialty Storage ................ 1-236 Section 6401 Scope ......... .. .... .......... 1-137 Article 82 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 1-239 Section 6402 Definitions ........... ... ... ... . 1-137 Section 8201 Scope 1-239 Section 6403 Permits ............ ....... ..... 1-137 Section 8202 Permits,Plans and Records ........ 1-239 Section 6404 Installation and Maintenance ... ... . I-137 Section 8203 Installation of Equipment .......... 1-239 Part VII Special Subjects Section 8204 Location of Containers .. ..... .... . 1-239 Section 8205 Prohibited Use of LP-Gas.......... 1-240 Article 74 Compressed Gases .... ....... ......... 1-139 Section 8206 Dispensing and Overfilling ... ..... 1-240 Section 7401 General ............ ............ 1-139 Section 8207 Safety Devices 1-240 Section 7402 Storage ........................ 1-140 Section 8208 Smoking and Other Sources Section 7403 Use and Handling .... ....... ..... 1-141 of Ignition ............ .. ........ 1-240 Section 7404 Medical Gas Systems ...... ....... 1-141 Section 8209 Clearance to Combustibles ......... 1-240 Section 8210 Protecting Containers from Article 75 Cryogenic Fluids...... ................ 1-143 Vehicles .. 1-240 ..................... Section 7501 General ............... ......... 1-143 Section 8211 Fire Protection 1-240 ........ .......... Section 7502 Storage ........ . ... ............ 1-145 Section 8212 Storage of Portable Containers Section 7503 Use and Handling ............... . 1-146 Awaiting Use or Resale ........ .. . 1-240 Article 76 Prevention of Dust Explosions......... .. 1-147 Section 8213 Containers Not in Service....... .. . 1-241 Section 7601 General ... ............ .. ... .... 1-147 Section 8214 Parking and Garaging ..... ........ 1-241 Section 7602 Enclosures .. .. . .... ....... ..... 1-147 Article 83 (Not Used) Section 7603 Separators ...................... 1-147 Section 7604 Dust Collection.. .......... ...... 1-147 Article 84 Motion Picture Projection ...... ... .... . 1-245 Section 7605 Housekeeping 1-147 Section 8401 Scope ....... .... .............. 1-245 Section 7606 Electrical Grounding ...... ....... 1-147 Section 8402 Projection Rooms ........... ..... 1-245 Section 7607 Smoking and Open Flames..... .. .. 1-147 Section 8403 Smoking ............. . ..... .... 1-245 Section 7608 Explosion Control ......... ...... 1-147 Section 8404 Projection Equipment ..... .. ..... . 1-245 Section 8405 Film Storage and Use ... ..... ..... 1-245 Article 77 Explosive Materials .. ............. .... 1-149 Section 7701 General ........ .... ...... . ..... 1-149 Article 85 Electrical Equipment and Wiring ........ 1-247 Section 7702 Storage 1-150 Section 8501 Scope . ................... .... . 1-247 Section 7703 Use,Handling and Transportation ... 1-154 Section 8502 Definitions .. . ......... . .... ... . 1-247 Section 7704 Manufacturing,Assembling Section 8503 Use of Temporary Wiring .......... 1-247 and Testing 1-156 Section 8504 Abatement of Electrical Hazards . ... 1-247 Section 8505 Electrical Motors ... ... . . .. ...... 1-247 Article 78 Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Section 8506 Extension Cords and Flexible Special Effects Material . ... ..... ...... . 1-159 Cords .......... . . .......... ... 1-247 Section 7801 General ........ ...... .......... 1-159 Section 8507 Multiplug Adapters..... .......... 1-247 Section 7802 Fireworks . ...... ... ... ..... .... 1-159 Section 8508 Power Taps ..................... 1-247 Section 7803 Pyrotechnic Special Effects Section 8509 Access to Switchboards and Material ....... ........... . .. .. 1-161 Panelboards 1-247 .......... ..... ..... Article 79 Flammable and Combustible Liquids .... 1-163 Article 86 (Not Used) Section 7901 General ... .. ... . ... ... .. ....... 1-163 Section 7902 Storage .................. .. .... 1-168 Article 87 Firesafety during Construction, Section 7903 Dispensing,Use,Mixing and Handling 1-189 Alteration or Demolition of a Building ... . 1-251 Section 7904 Special Operations . ........ . ..... 1-194 Section 8701 Scope . .... ..... . .... ......... . 1-251 Section 8702 Permits . . ................... ... 1-251 Article 80 Hazardous Materials .. .... ... .. . . ..... 1-201 Section 8703 Approvals ... . . .. ....... ... . ... . 1-251 Section 8001 General ....... ........ ..... .. . . 1-201 Section 8704 Firesafety during Construction ..... . 1-251 Section 8002 Classification by Hazard ... . . ..... 1-209 Section 8705 Alterations of Buildings . . . ... ..... 1-252 1—xii Section 8706 Firesafety during Demolition . ...... 1-252 Section 12 Open-flame Devices ......... . ... . 1-273 Section 8707 Asbestos Removal .. ....... ...... 1-252 Section 13 Outdoor Fires ..... ............ .. 1-274 Section 14 Incinerators and Fireplaces......... 1-274 Article 88 Aerosol Products......... ............. 1-253 Section 15 Clearance of Brush and Vegetative Section 8801 General ........................ 1-253 Growth from Electrical Section 8802 Storage and Retail Displays ........ 1-253 Transmission Lines ......... ..... . .1-274 Section 8803 Automatic Fire-extinguishing Section 16 Clearance of Brush or Vegetative Systems and Storage Growth from Structures ........... 1-274 Arrangements ................... 1-257 Section 17 Clearance of Brush or Vegetative Growth from Roadways ........... 1-275 Part VIII Standards Section 18 Unusual Circumstances 1-275 Article 90 Standards ........................... 1-261 Section 19 Dumping ....................... 1-275 Section 9001 General ............. ........... 1-261 Section 20 Disposal of Ashes ............ .... 1-275 Section 9002 UFC Standards ....... ........... 1-261 Section 21 Use of Fire Roads and Firebreaks ... 1-275 Section 9003 Recognized Standards ............ 1-262 Section 22 Use of Motorcycles,Motor Scooters and Motor Vehicles............... 1-275 Part IX Appendices Section 23 Tampering with Fire Department Locks,Barricades and Signs ... .... 1-275 Division I Existing Buildings .................... 1-265 Section 24 Liability for Damage ............. 1-275 Appendix I-A Life-safety Requirements for Appendix II-B Protection of Flammable and Existing Buildings other than High Rise ........ 1-265 Combustible Liquid Tanks in Locations Section 1 General ........................ 1-265 Subject to Flooding ....................... .. 1-277 Section 2 Means of Egress ................. 1-265 Section I Pipe Connections ................ 1-277 Section 3 Enclosure of Vertical Shafts ........ 1-266 Section 2 Aboveground Tanks .............. 1-277 Section 4 Basement Access or Sprinkler Section 3 Underground Tanks 1-277 Protection ...................... 1-266 Section 4 Independent Water Supply Section 5 Standpipes ..................... 1-266 Facilities ................... .... 1-277 Section 6 Smoke Detectors ................ 1-266 Section 5 Structural Guides ....... ......... 1-277 Section 7 Separation of Occupancies ... ...... 1-266 Section 6 Safe Practices ............ ....... 1-278 Appendix I-B Life-safety Requirements for Section 7 Inspections ................... .. 1-278 Existing High-rise Buildings ..... ....... ...... 1-267 Appendix II-C Marinas 1-279 Section 1 Scope ......................... 1-267 Section 1 Scope 1-279 Section 2 General ........................ 1-267 Section 2 Plans and Approvals .............. 1-279 Section 3 Compliance Data ................ 1-267 Section 3 Permits 1-279 ............. ........... Section 4 Authority of the Chief ........ .... 1-267 Section 4 Definitions 1-279 ..................... Section 5 Appeals Board ............ ...... 1-267 Section 5 Fire Prevention .................. 1-279 Section 6 Specific Provisions and Alternates ... 1-267 Section 6 Fire-protection Equipment ......... 1-279 Appendix I-C Stairway Identification ............. 1-271 Section 7 Transmission of Alarms ........... 1-279 Section 1 Scope 1-271 Section 8 Marine Motor Vehicle Section 2 General ..... .......... ......... 1_271 Fuel-dispensing Stations....... .... 1-279 Section 3 Sign Details .................. .. 1-271 Appendix II-D Rifle Ranges ............ ......... 1-281 Section 4 Examples ......... ....... ...... 1-271 Section I Permit ..................... .... 1-281 Section 2 Supervision by Range Officer .. .... 1-281 Division II Special Hazards ......... ....... ...... 1-273 Section 3 Qualifications of Range Officer ..... 1-281 Appendix II-A Suppression and Control of Section 4 Inspection and Disposal of Hazardous Fire Areas ................. .. .... 1-273 Ammunition 1-281 ................... Section 1 Scope ... ........... ... ....... . 1-273 Section 5 Portable Fire Appliances .......... 1-281 Section 2 Definitions ............ ......... 1-273 Section 6 Removal of Vegetation ............ 1-281 Section 3 Permits ............. .. ......... 1-273 Section 7 Warnings....................... 1-281 Section 4 Restricted Entry ........ ....... . . 1-273 Section 5 Trespassing on Posted Property ..... 1-273 Appendix II-E Hazardous Materials Management Plans and Hazardous Materials Inventory Section 6 Smoking ....... ... ....... ... ... 1-273 Statements .... ... ...................... ... . 1-283 Section 7 Spark Arresters ..... . ...... .. . ... 1-273 Section 1 Scope 1-283 Section 8 Tracer Bullets,Tracer Charges, Section 2 Hazardous Materials Inventory Rockets and Model Aircraft . ....... 1-273 Statements(HMIS) .......... ..... 1-283 Section 9 Explosives and Blasting .. . . . ..... . 1-273 Section 3 Hazardous Materials Management Section 10 Fireworks ..... ... .... .... . .. ... . 1-273 Plan(HMMP) ............ ... .... 1-283 Section I 1 Apiaries . ...... ..... .. ....... . . 1-273 Section 4 Maintenance of Records ...... . .. . . 1-284 1—xiii Appendix II-F Protected Aboveground Tanks Section 3 Modifications ......... .... ... .. . 1-301 for Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Section 4 Fire Area... ......... 1-301 Stations Outside Buildings... . .. ..... . . ..... .. 1-291 Section 5 Fire-flow Requirements for Section 1 Scope ... .. .. ....... ....... . .. 1-291 Buildings 1-301 Section 2 Definitions 1-291 Section 3 Permits and Plans . ... ...... ...... 1-291 State Appendix III-AA Fire-flow Requirements C Section 4 Tank Design 1-291 for Buildings ... ...... ...................... 1-302.1 Section 5 Installation of Tanks ... ...... . .... 1-291 Section 1 Scope ......................... 1-302.1 Section 6 Installation of Dispensing and Section 2 Definitions ..................... 1-302.1 Piping Systems . ................. 1-292 Section 3 Modifications ................... 1-302.1 Section 7 Parking of Tank Vehicles ... ....... 1-292 Section 4 Fire Area....................... 1-302.1 Section 8 Maintenance ...... .. ...... ...... 1-292 Section 5 Fire-flow Requirements for Buildings ................... ... 1-302.1 Appendix II-G Secondary Containment for Underground Tank Systems Containing Appendix III-B Fire Hydrant Locations and Flammable or Combustible Liquids ... .. ....... 1-293 Distribution .. .............................. 1-303 Section 1 Scope 1-293 Section 1 Scope ..... .................... 1-303 Section 2 Circumstances Warranting Secondary Section 2 Location ....................... 1-303 Containment .................... 1-293 Section 3 Number of Fire Hydrants .......... 1-303 Section 3 Approved Methods of Secondary Section 4 Consideration of Existing Containment .................... 1-293 Fire Hydrants ................... 1-303 Section 5 Distribution of Fire Hydrants ....... 1-303 Appendix II-H Site Assessments for Determining Potential Fire and Explosion Risks from State Appendix III-BB Fire Hydrant Locations C Underground Flammable or Combustible and Distribution 1-304.1............................ Liquid Tank Leaks .. ........ ..... ........... 1-295 Section 1 Scope .............. ......... . 1-295 Section 1 Scope ......................... 1-304.1 Section 2 Location ....................... 1-304.1 Section 2 Site Assessment Criteria. .......... 1-295 Section 3 Number of Fire Hydrants ..... . .... 1-304.1 Section 3 Site Assessment Records . .. ....... 1-295 Section 4 Consideration of Existing Appendix II-I Ozone Gas-generating Equipment ... 1-297 Fire Hydrants ......... ..... ..... 1-304.1 Section 1 Scope ............. ....... ... .. 1-297 Section 5 Distribution of Fire Hydrants ....... 1-304.1 Section 2 Definitions ..... .. .. .......... . . 1-297 Appendix III-C Inspection,Testing and Maintenance Section 3 Standards . .. ... . . .... ... ....... 1-297 of Water-based Fire-protection Systems ........ 1-305 Section 4 Location ............. . ......... 1-297 Section 1 General .... ... ................. 1-305 Section 5 Piping Valves and Fittings ... ...... 1-297 Appendix III-D Basement Pipe Inlets ............. 1-307 Section 6 Automatic Shutdown ........ . .... 1-297 Section 1 Scope 1-307 Section 7 Manual Shutdown .... . ......... . 1-297 Section 2 Location ....................... 1-307 Appendix II-J Storage of Flammable and Section 3 Specifications ................... 1-307 Combustible Liquids in Tanks Located within Below-grade Vaults........... .. ....... 1-299 Division IV Special Combustion Hazards ........... 1-309 Section I Scope ........ ..... . ...... . .. .. 1-299 Appendix IV-A Interior Floor Finish ............. 1-309 Section 2 Definitions ...... ..... ..... ..... 1-299 Section 1 Scope 1-309 Section 3 General ........ ....... . ..... .. .. 1-299 Section 2 General 1-309 . . ..... ....... .......... Section 4 Location .............. .. ... .... 1-299 Section 3 Testing and Classification of Section 5 Vault Construction ...... .. . . ..... 1-299 Materials . .............. ........ 1-309 Section 6 Ventilation .... . .... ... ... . ..... 1-299 Section 7 Tanks and Piping .. .. . ..... . . .... 1-299 Appendix IV-B Christmas Trees ................ . 1-311 Section 8 Monitoring and Detection .... ..... 1-300 Section 1 Scope . ....... ............ ..... 1-311 Section 9 Dispensing Systems ... . ..... . .. .. 1-300 Section 2 Permits . ....................... 1-311 Section 10 Fire Suppression and Water-supply Section 3 Flame Retardance ................ 1-311 System 1-300 Section 4 Tags . .......... ... ............ 1-311 Section 11 Signs ... ...... ....... ... . ...... 1-300 Section 5 Support Device .................. 1-311 Section 6 Butt Cut ... ... ............. .... 1-311 Division III Fire Protection . . . .... .. ... ..... . ... .. 1-301 Section 7 Watering . ... . ........ .......... 1-311 Appendix III-A Fire-flow Requirements for Section 8 Dryness .. .. .......... .......... 1-311 Buildings .................. .. .... . .. ... .. . . 1-301 Section 9 Open Flames .......... . ......... 1-311 Section 1 Scope . ....... . .... . . . .. ... ... . 1-301 Section 10 Electric Lights .................. 1-311 Section 2 Definitions . . ... . . .. . .. . . . ...... 1-301 Section 11 Daily Tests . .. . .. ... ............ 1-311 1—xiv Division V Standards . . ...... .. .... . . ........... 1-313 Section 2 Operating Procedure Citation Program 1-329 Appendix V-A Nationally Recognized Standards of Good Practice .. ......... .... . ... ......... 1-313 Appendix VI-E Reference Tables from the Section I Scope ......... ................ 1-313 Uniform Building Code.... ........ ........... 1-337 Section 2 Standards ..... . ... ............. 1-313 Appendix VI-F Recommended Separation Distances for Explosive Materials .. ... ................ . 1-349 Division VI Informational........................ 1-315 Section 1 Classification of Explosive Materials. 1-349 Appendix VI-A Hazardous Materials Classifications 1-315 Section 2 Recommended Separation Distances Section 1 Scope 1-315 for Explosive Materials ........... 1-349 Section 2 Hazard Categories ............... 1-315 Section 3 Evaluation of Hazards ............ 1-318 Appendix Volume e E Cryogenic Fluids Weight and Equivalents .............. ........... I-357 Section 4 Reference Publications ............ 1-320 Appendix VI-B Hazard Rankin I-323 Appendix VI-H Refrigerant Groups and PP g ......... ........ Properties ... . ............... ... .. ..... .... 1-359 Section 1 Scope ............. ............ 1-323 Section 2 General ............ ............ 1-323 Appendix VI-I Unit Conversion Tables.......... .... 1-361 Section 3 Degree of Hazard .... ... ......... 1-323 Unit Conversion Tables .... .... ............... 1-361 Appendix VI-C Emergency Relief Venting for Gage Conversion Table .... ........ .... ...... . 1-364 Fire Exposure for Aboveground Tanks ......... 1-325 INDEX. ... .............. .. ............... ..... 1-365 Appendix VI-D Model Citation Program ....... ... 1-329 Section 1 General ........... ...... ....... 1-329 HISTORY NOTE APPENDIX ..... .... ....... ..... 1-381 q 1—xiv.1 California Matrix Adoption Tables Format of the California Matrix Adoption Tables The matrix adoption tables, which follow,show the user which agencies have adopted and/or amended given sections of the model code. The building application determines which state agency's adoptions apply.See Section 101.2.2 for building applications and enforcement responsibilities. Agencies are grouped together,based on either local or state enforcement responsibilities. For example, regulations from DSA/AC are enforced both at the state and local levels;therefore,DSA/AC is listed twice in each adoption table indicating state enforcement responsibilities and local enforcement responsibilities. The side headings identify the scope of state agencies'adoption as follows: Adopt the entire UFC article without state amendments. If there is an "X"under a particular state agency's acronym on this row, this means that particular state agency has adopted the entire model code chapter without any state amendments. Example: ARTICLE 2—DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCD I I , ' OSHPD DSA ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC SFM kQHS1 ' AGR BOC BSC CA SPCB SSA 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC "" X article without amendments Adopt the entire UFC article as amended, state-amended sections are listed below: If there is an "X"under a particular state agency's acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency has adopted the entire model code article, with state amendments. Each state-amended section that the agency has added to that particular article is listed. There will be an "X"in the column,by that particular section, under the agency's acronym, as well as an "X"by each section that the agency has adopted. Example: ARTICLE 2—DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 1 2 A OSA A SHP C SFM DHS AGR ,, BOC BSC CA SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X q article as amended s^ (amendments listed C below) 202 CA X Adopts only those sections that are listed below: If there is an "X"under a particular state agency's acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency is adopting only specific model code or state-amended sections within this article. There will be an "X"in the column under the agency's acronym, as well as an "X"by each section that the agency has adopted. Example: ARTICLE 2—DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCD OSA DSA OSHPO ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC SFM DHS AGR BOC BSC CA SPCB SS 1 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt only those X X sections which are , listed below ' 202 CA X X 202 UFC X X 203 CA X X 203 UFC X I X 1—xiv.3 Legend of Abbreviations of Adopting State Agencies CA Department of Consumer Affairs: Board of Barbering and Cosmetology Board of Veterinary Medicine Examiners Board of Pharmacy Acupuncture Examining Committee Bureau of Home Furnishings HCD Department of Housing and Community Development DSA/AC Division of the State Architect/Access Compliance SFM Office of the State Fire Marshal DHS Department of Health Services AGR Department of Food and Agriculture BOC Board of Corrections BSC California Building Standards Commission SPCB Structural Pest Control Board DSA/SS Division of the State Architect/Structural Safety Section OSHPD Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development DOSH Division of Occupational Safety and Health SL State Library 1-xiv.4 MATRIX ADOPTION TABLES ARTICLE 1—ADMINISTRATION LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCO DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM OHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS —T—F-27 3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC X article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 101.1 CA X 101.2.1 CA X 101.2.2— X 101.2.2.2 CA 103.1.2.1 CA X 103.1.4.2 CA X 105.8.1 CA X ARTICLE 2—DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCO DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 1—xiv.5 ARTICLE 10—FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H BSA CA ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2O A SNP AC AC SFM DNS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS t 2 3 4 GOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 1001.1 CA X 1001.2a CA X 1001.3 CA X 1001.5.1.1— X 1001.5.1.2 CA 1003.2.10 CA X 1007.2.7.1.1 CA X 1007.2.7.1.2a CA X 1007.2.7.1.3 CA X 1007.2.7.2.1 CA X 1007.2.9.1.1 CA X 1007.2.9.1.1 a— X 1007.2.9.1.1c CA 1007.2.9.1.3a CA X 1007.2.9.1.4a CA X 1007.2.9.1.6 CA X 1007.2.13 CA X 1007.2.14— X 1007.2.14.2 CA 1007.3.I a CA X 1007.3.2 CA X 1007.3.3.4 CA X 1007.3.3.7a CA X 1007.3.3.7.1 CA X 1007.3.4.2a CA X ARTICLE 11—GENERAL SAFETY FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2D SC CA A SNP AC A SFM DNS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 GOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 1102.5 UFC X 1106 UFC X 1107 UFC X 1110 UFC X 1—xiv.6 ARTICLE 12—MAINTENANCE OF MEANS OF EGRESS AND EMERGENCY ESCAPES LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCD OSHPD DSA CA DSA ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 1206 Except.2 CA X 1207.5 CA X ARTICLE 24—AIRPORTS,HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY N ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 20 DSA CA DSA OSHPD AC AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 25—PLACES OF ASSEMBLY LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCD DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 27—CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS(PYROXYLIN),STORAGE AND HANDLING LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCO OSHPD DSA CA DSA ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 27.3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 1—xiv.7 ARTICLE 30—WOODWORKING PLANTS AND EXTERIOR LUMBER STORAGE LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY DSA CA ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 H2O A AC AC SFM OHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2SHPD S 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 3004.2 UFC X ARTICLE 32—TENTS,CANOPIES AND TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2O A CA A SHP AC AC SFM OHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 35—COVERED MALLS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2O A CA A AC C SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2SHPD 3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 3505 UFC X 3506 UFC X ARTICLE 40—MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTION STUDIO LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2O A CA A AC AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 SHPD 3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire CA X article 1—xiv.8 ARTICLE 41—WINERY CAVES LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 Hp pC DSA CA DSA OSHPD AC SFM OHS AGR BOC BSC SPCB SS 1 p 3 1 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire CA X article ARTICLE 45—APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 ZD AC AC SFM DHS AGR BOC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 4502 UFC X 4503 UFC X ARTICLE 50—MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY N DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2D AC AC SFM DNS AGR BOC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which areT1 listed below ARTICLE 51—SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 pD AC DSA CA DSA OSHPD AC SFM DHS AGR BOC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC X article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 5101.10.2 CA X 5101.10.2a CA X 1—xiv.9 ARTICLE 52-00TOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCD OSHPD DSA CA DSA ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM DHS AGR BOC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 5201.5.1 CA X ARTICLE 62—INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING LOCAL. LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCD DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA _T_T 2 1 AC AC SFM DNS AGR BOC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 63—REFRIGERATION LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2D AC AC SFM OHS AGR BOC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those TTI sections which are listed below FT. ARTICLE 74—COMPRESSED GAS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2D AC AC SFM DNS AGR BOC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 1—xiv.10 ARTICLE 79—FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCD OSHPD DSA CA BSA ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM DNS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below I IT , ARTICLE 80—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY NCO BSA CA BSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM DNS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC X article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 8001.3.2a CA X 8001.3.3a CA X 8003.1.4.2 CA X 8004.2.2.2 CA X ARTICLE 81—HIGH-PILE COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY NCO DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2 AC AC SFM DNS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS —T—F-27 3 4 DOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 8101.1 UFC X 8101.2 UFC X 8101.4 UFC X 8102 UFC X 8103 UFC X 8104 UFC X 1—xiv.11 ARTICLE 87—FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION,ALTERATION OR DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2O DSA CA BSA OSHPO AC AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire UFC X article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 90—STANDARDS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY D DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 H2 AC AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 GOSH SL Adopt entire UFC article without amendments Adopt entire UFC article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those X sections which are listed below 9001.1 CA X APPENDIX A-VI-A—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY H ADOPTING AGENCY CA 1 2D DSA CA DSA OSHPD AC AC SFM OHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 E BOSH SL Adopt entire CA X article without amendments Adopt entire CA article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below APPENDIX A-111-AA—FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY 1 H2O AC DSA CA DSA OSHPD ADOPTING AGENCY CA AC SFM DHS AGR BBC BSC SPCB SS 1 2 3 4 BOSH SL Adopt entire CA article without amendments Adopt entire CA X article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below Section 1 CA X Section 3 CA X Section 5 CA X 1—xiv.12 APPENDIX A-III-BB—FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION LOCAL LOCAL FIRE HEALTH ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDING OFFICIAL OFFICIAL OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY HCD OSHPD DSA CA DSA ADOPTING AGENCY CA 2 AC AC SFM DHS AGR DOC BSC SPCB SS T 2 3 A DOSH SL Adopt entire CA article without amendments Adopt entire CA X article as amended (amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are. listed below Section 1 CA X Section 3 CA X Section 5 CA X .1—xiv.13 An ordinance adopting the Uniform Fire Code prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire, hazardous materials or explosion; providing for the issuance of permits for hazardous uses or operations; and establishing a bureau of fire prevention and providing officers therefor and defining their powers and duties Be it ordained by the [Jurisdiction Name]. Sec.1. ADOPTION OF UNIFORM FIRE CODE. There is hereby adopted by the [Legislative Body and Jurisdiction Name] for the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire,hazardous materials or explosion,that certain Code known as the Uniform Fire Code, including Appendix Chapters and Appendix Standards [insert appropriate appendices. See Uniform Fire Code Sections 101.8 and 9001.1.],published by the International Fire Code Institute,being particularly the 1997 edition thereof and the whole thereof,save and except such portions as are hereinafter deleted,modified or amended by Section 8 of this ordinance,three(3)copies of which have been and are now filed in the office of the clerk of the [Jurisdiction's Clerk]and the same are hereby adopted and incor- porated as fully as if set out at length herein,and from the date on which this ordinance shall take effect,the provision thereof shall be controlling within the limits of the [Jurisdiction Name]. Sec.2. ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES OF BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION. 2.1 The Uniform Fire Code as adopted and amended herein shall be enforced by the bureau of fire prevention(or other desig- nated agency)in the fire department of the [Jurisdiction Name]which is hereby established and which shall be operated under the supervision of the chief of the fire department. 2.2 The chief(or fire marshal)in charge of the bureau of fire prevention(or other designated agency)shall be appointed by [Name of Appointing Authority]on the basis of examination to determine his or her qualifications. 2.3 The chief of the fire department shall recommend to the [Name of the Proper Administrative Authority Should Be Inserted in the Blank Space]the employment of technical inspectors,who,when such au- thorization is made,shall be selected through an examination to determine their fitness for the position.The examination shall be open to members and nonmembers of the fire department,and appointments made after examination shall be for an indefinite term with removal only for cause. Sec.3. DEFINITIONS. 3.1 Wherever the word"jurisdiction"is used in the Uniform Fire Code, it is [Name of the State,County,City or Town,or Fire District]. 3.2 Where the party responsible for the enforcement of the Uniform Fire Code is given the title of"fire marshal,"add the follow- ing definition: FIRE MARSHAL is the chief of the bureau of fire prevention. Sec.4. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQ- UIDS IN OUTSIDE ABOVEGROUND TANKS IS PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Sections 7902.2.2.1 and 7904.2.5.4.2 of the Uniform Fire Code in which the storage of flammable or combustible liquids is restricted are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include heavily populated and congested commercial areas.These lim- its should be detailed unless such limits are established by other regulations.It may be desirable in some jurisdictions to establish limitations based on quantities or classes of liquids or both.]. Sec.5. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS IN WHICH STORAGE OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES IS PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 8204.2 of the Uniform Fire Code, in which storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted,are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed un- less such limits are established by other regulations.]. Sec.6. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS IS TO BE PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 7701.7.2 of the Uniform Fire Code, in which storage of explosives and blasting agents is prohib- ited,are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed un- less such limits are established by other regulations.]. Sec.7. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH THE STORAGE OF COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS IS TO BE PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 5204.5.2 of the Uniform Fire Code in which the storage of compressed natural gas storage is prohibited,are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed un- less such limits are established by other regulations.]. 1—xv Sec.8. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH THE STORAGE OF STATIONARY TANKS OF FLAM- MABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS ARE TO BE PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 3-1.5 of Uniform Fire Code Standard 80-3 in which the storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers is prohibited are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed unless such limits are established by other regulations.] Sec.9. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH THE STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IS TO BE PROHIBITED OR LIMITED. The limits referred to in Section 8001.1.1 of the Uniform Fire Code in which the storage of hazardous materials is prohibited or limited is hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas. These limits should be detailed unless such limits are established by other regulations.] Sec.10. AMENDMENTS TO THE UNIFORM FIRE CODE. The Uniform Fire Code is amended and changed in the following respects: Section paragraphs and are amended as follows: NOTE:Amendments deemed necessary should be inserted.Sections in the code dealing with subjects covered adequately by existing local or state laws may be cited as deleted. Sec.11. APPEALS. Whenever the chief disapproves an application or refuses to grant a permit applied for,or when it is claimed that the provisions of the code do not apply or that the true intent and meaning of the code have been misconstrued or wrongly interpreted,the applicant may appeal from the decision of the chief to [Fill in body to which appeal should be made.See Uniform Fire Code Section 103.1.4.1 within 30 days from the date of the decision appealed. Sec.12. NEW MATERIALS,PROCESSES OR OCCUPANCIES WHICH MAY REQUIRE PERMITS. The [Administrator],the chief and the chief of the bureau of fire preven- tion shall act as a committee to determine and specify,after giving affected persons an opportunity to be heard,any new materials, processes or occupancies for which permits are required in addition to those now enumerated in the Uniform Fire Code.The chief of the bureau of fire prevention shall post such list in a conspicuous place at the bureau of fire prevention and distribute copies thereof to interested persons. Sec.13. PENALTIES. 13.1 Any person who violates any of the provisions of the Uniform Fire Code as adopted and amended herein or fails to comply therewith,or who violates or fails to comply with any order made thereunder,or who builds in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or plans submitted and approved thereunder,or any certificate or permit issued thereunder,and from which no appeal has been taken,or who fails to comply with such an order as affirmed or modified by the [Fill in body to which appeal should be made.See Uniform Fire Code Section 103.1.4.1 or by a court of competent jurisdiction,within the required time, shall severally for each and every such violation and noncompliance,respectively,be guilty of a misdemeanor,punishable by a fine of not less than$ nor more than$ or by imprisonment for not less than days nor more than days or by both such fine and imprisonment.The imposition of one penalty for any violation shall not excuse the violation or permit it to continue;and all such persons shall be required to correct or remedy such violations or defects within a reasonable time;and when not otherwise specified,each ten days that prohibited conditions are maintained shall constitute a separate offense. 13.2 The application of the above penalty shall not be held to prevent the enforced removal of prohibited conditions. Sec.14. REPEAL OF CONFLICTING ORDINANCES. All former ordinances or parts thereof conflicting or inconsistent with the provisions of this ordinance or of the Uniform Fire Code as adopted and amended herein are hereby repealed. NOTE:In some jurisdictions,reference to specific laws that are amended or repealed is preferred or may be required. Sec.15. VALIDITY. The [Legislative Body]hereby declares that should any section,para- graph,sentence or word of this ordinance or of the Uniform Fire Code as adopted and amended herein be declared for any reason to be invalid,it is the intent of that it would have passed all other portions of this ordinance independent of the elimination herefrom of any such portion as may be declared invalid. Sec.16. DATE OF EFFECT. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after its approval as required by law. 1—xvi 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 101 101.2.2.2 PART I GENERAL ARTICLE 1 —ADMINISTRATION SECTION 101 —GENERAL Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. A C 101.1 Title. This code shall be known as the UNIFORM FIRE Any State institution or other state-owned or state-occupied A CODE,may be cited as such,and will be referred to herein as"this building. C code." ' Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13108. C A L C [For SFM]For the state of California,this code shall be known Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. A L C as the CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE,may be cited as such,and will C L C be referred to herein as "this code." C Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13211. C L A 101.2 Scope(for SFM]and Application. A L C Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. CA L C 101.2.1 Scope. This code prescribes regulations consistent with Organized Camps A nationally recognized good practice for the safeguarding to a C reasonable degree of life and property from the hazards of fire Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section,18897.3 C explosion, and dangerous conditions arising from the storage, Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. C handling and use of hazardous materials and devices, and from All hotels,motels, lodging houses,apartment houses and dwell- A conditions hazardous to life or property in the use or occupancy of ings, including congregate residences, and building and struc- A ' buildings or premises and provisions to assist emergency response lures accessory thereto. A personnel. The provisions of this code shall supplement any and all laws Multiple story structures existing on January 1, 1975, let for C relating to firesafety and shall apply to all persons without restric- human habitation, including,and limited to,hotels,motels,apart- A lion,unless specifically exempted y ment houses,less than 75 feet(22 860 mm)above the lowest floor A level having building access, wherein rooms used for sleeping are CA The provisions of this code do not apply to off-site transporta- let above the ground floor. A I tion of hazardous materials in accordance with DOT require- C Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143.2 and A menu. 17921 C 101.2.2 Application and enforcing agency. SFM—Cali ornia C A pP f gf Certified family care homes, out of home placement facilities, A C State Fire Marshal. halfway houses,drug and/or alcohol rehabilitation facilities and A A A IO1.2.2.1 Application. Any building or structure used or any building or structure used or intended for use as a home or C C institution for the housing of any person of any age when such per- A A intended for use as an asylum,jail, mental hospital, sanitarium, C C son is referred to or placed within such home or institution for pro- A A home for the aged, children's nursery, children's home,school or A any similar occupancy of any capacity. tective social care and supervision services by any governmental A agency. C A Any theater,dance hall skating ring, auditorium,assembly hall, g A C Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6. A A meeting hall, nightclub,fair building, or similar place of assem- C Cblage where 50 or more persons may gather together in a building, Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used in connection C A room, or structure for the purpose of amusement,entertainment, with any occupancy. C A instruction, deliberation, worship, drinking or dining, awaiting Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13116. A A transportation, or education. C C 101.2.2.2 Enforcing agency. Pursuant to Section 13146,Health A Any building or structure which is open to the public and is used and Safety Code, the responsibility for enforcement of building A C or intended to be used for the showing of motion pictures when an standards adopted by the state fire marshal and published in the A C admission fee is charged and when the building or structure has a California Building Standards Code relating to fire and panic A C capacity of 10 or more persons. safety and other regulations of the state fire marshal shall be as A C Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. follows: A C Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. 1. The city, county, or city and county jurisdiction in the area A C affected by the standard or regulation shall delegate the enforce- A A Single Family Day-care Homes C ment of the building standards relating to fire and panic safety and A C Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143 and other regulations of the state fire marshal as they relate to Group A C 17921• R, Division 3 dwellings, as described in Section 310 of Part 2 of A C Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. the California Building Standards Code, to either of the follow- A A A Large Family Day-care Homes eng. A CA Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 1597.46, 1.1 The chief of the fire authority of the city,county, or city and A A 1597.54 and 17921. county, or authorized representative. A C 1.2 The chief building official of the city, county, or city and A Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. C C A county, or an authorized representative. C CResidential Facilities and Residential Facilities for the Elderly 2. The chief of any city or county fire department or of any fire- A A Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13133. protection district, and any authorized representative, shall A 1-1 101.2.2.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 103.1.2.1 A enforce within its jurisdiction the building standards and other mainder of the code and the application of such provision to other c regulations of the state fire marshal, except those described in persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby. C Section 101.2.2.2,Item 1 or Item 4. A 101.8 References to Appendix. When this code references the A 3. The state fire marshal shall have the authority to enforce the appendix, the provisions in the appendix shall not apply unless A building standards and other regulations of the state fire marshal specifically adopted. A in areas outside of corporate cities and districts providing fire- Aprotection services. 101.9 Amendments. When reference is made to a portion of this C code or other applicable laws or ordinances,the reference applies A 4. The state fire marshal shall have the authority to enforce such to all amendments and additions now or hereafter made. A building standards and other regulations of the state fire marshal A in corporate and districts providing fire-protection services on A request of the chief fire official or the governing body. SECTION 102—RETROACTIVE APPLICATION TO C EXISTING CONDITIONS A 5.Any fee charged pursuant to the enforcement authority of this csection shall not exceed the estimated reasonable cost of provid- 102.1 Existing Conditions. The provisions of this code shall ap- A ing the service for which the fee is charged,pursuant to Section ply to conditions arising after the adoption thereof,conditions not A 66014 of the Government Code. legally in existence at the adoption of this code,and to conditions 101.3 Subjects Not Specifically Regulated by this which,in the opinion of the chief,constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.See also Appendices I-A and I-B. Code. Where no applicable standards or requirements are set forth in this code, or contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances or bylaws adopted by the jurisdiction, SECTION 103—INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT compliance with applicable standards of the National Fire 103.1 General. Protection Association or other nationally recognized firesafety standards as are approved shall be deemed as prima facie evidence 103.1.1 Technical assistance. To determine the acceptability of of compliance with the intent of this code. See also Sec- technologies,processes,products,facilities,materials and uses at- tion 9001.2. tending the design,operation or use of a building or premises sub- Nothing herein shall derogate from the power of the chief to ject to the inspection of the department,the chief is authorized to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities require the owner or the person in possession or control of the or installations within the chief's jurisdiction or responsibility. building or premises to provide,without charge to the jurisdiction, a technical opinion and report.The opinion and report shall be pre- 101.4 Supplemental Rules and Regulations. The chief is au- pared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or firesafety thorized to render interpretations of this code and to make and en- specialty organization acceptable to the chief and the owner and force rules and supplemental regulations in order to carry out the shall analyze the fire-safety properties of the design,operation or application and intent of its provisions.Such interpretations,rules, use of the building or premises and the facilities and appurte- and regulations shall be in conformance with the intent and pur- nances situated thereon,to recommend necessary changes. pose of this code and shall be available to the public during normal The chief is authorized to require design submittals to bear the business hours. stamp of a professional engineer. 101.5 Liability. The chief and other individuals charged by the 103.1.2 Alternate materials and methods. The chief is autho- chief with the control or extinguishment of any fire,the enforce- rized to approve alternate materials or methods provided that the ment of this code or any other official duties,acting in good faith chief finds that the proposed design,use or operation satisfactorily and without malice in the discharge of their duties,shall not there- complies with the intent of this code and that the method of work by be rendered personally liable for any damage that may accrue performed or operation is,for the purpose intended,at least equiv- to persons or property as a result of any act or by reason of any act alent to that prescribed in this code in quality,strength,effective- or omission in the discharge of their duties. Any suit brought ness, fire resistance, durability and safety. Approvals under the against the chief or such individuals because of such act or omis- authority herein contained shall be subject to the approval of the sion performed in the enforcement of any provision of such codes building official whenever the alternate material or method or other pertinent laws or ordinances implemented through the en- involves matters regulated by the Building Code. forcement of this code or enforced by the code enforcement agency shall be defended by this jurisdiction until final termina- 103.1.2.1[For SFMJ Requests for alternative means of protec- A tion of such proceedings,and any judgment resulting therefrom tion.Request for approval to use an alternative material,assem- A shall be assumed by this jurisdiction. bly or materials, equipment, method of construction, method of A This code shall not be construed to relieve from or lessen the re- installation of equipment,or means of protection shall be made in A writing to the enforcing agency by the owner or the owner's autho- c sponsibility of any person owning, operating or controlling any rued representative and shall be accompanied by a full statement C building or structure for any damages to persons or property of the conditions.Sufficient evidence or proof shall be submitted to c caused by defects, nor shall the code enforcement agency or its substantiate any claim that may be made regarding its confor- A parent jurisdiction be held as assuming any such liability by rea- mance. The enforcing agency may require tests and the submis- A son of the inspections authorized by this code or any permits or sion of a test report from an approved testing organization as set A certificates issued under this code. C forth in Title 19, California Code of Regulations, to substantiate A See also Section 103.3.2.1. the equivalency of the proposed alternative means of protection. A C 101.6 Conflicting Provisions. Where there is a conflict be- Approval of a request for use of an alternative material,assem- C tween a general requirement and a specific requirement, the bly,of materials, equipment, method of construction, method of c specific requirement shall be applicable. installation of equipment,or means of protection made pursuant c to these provisions shall be limited to the particular case covered A 101.7 Severability. If any provision of this code or the applica- by request and shall not be construed as establishing any prece- A tion thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid,the re- dent for any future request. A 1-2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 103.1.3 103.3.2.1 103.1.3 .Practical difficulties. The chief is authorized to modify 103.2.1.2 Fire prevention bureau personnel and police. The any of the provisions of this code upon application in writing by chief and members of the fire prevention bureau shall have the the owner,a lessee or a duly authorized representative where there powers of a police officer in performing their duties under this are practical difficulties in the way of carrying out the provisions code. of the code,provided that the spirit of the code shall be complied When requested to do so by the chief,the chief of police is au- with,public safety secured and substantial justice done.The par- thorized to assign such available police officers as necessary to as- ticulars of such modification and the decision of the chief shall be sist the fire department in enforcing the provisions of this code. entered upon the records of the department and a signed copy shall be furnished to the applicant. 103.2.2 Organization of the fire prevention bureau. 103.1.4 Appeals. 103.2.2.1 General. A fire prevention bureau established within the fire department under the direction of the chief shall consist of a 103.1.4.1 To determine the suitability of alternate materials and fire department personnel assigned thereto by the chief.The func- types of construction and to provide for reasonable interpretations tion of this bureau shall be to assist the chief in the administration of the provisions of this code,there shall be and hereby is created a and enforcement of the provisions of this code. board of appeals consisting of five members who are qualified by experience and training to pass judgment upon pertinent matters. ember Fire marshal. The chief authorized to designate a m The chief shall be an ex officio member and shall act as secretary member of the fire department to exercise the powers and perform of the board.The board of appeals shall be appointed by the execu- the duties fire prevention engineer as set forth in this code.The tive body and shall hold office at their pleasure.The board shall fire prevention engineer could also be known as fire marshal. adopt reasonable rules and regulations for conducting its investi- 103.3 Inspection. gations and shall render decisions and findings in writing to the fire chief,with a duplicate copy to the appellant. 103.3.1 General. n 103.1.4.2 (For SFMJ Appeals. When a request for an alternate 103.3.1.1 Authority to inspect. The fire prevention bureau C means of protection has been denied by the enforcing agency, the shall inspect, as often as necessary, buildings and premises, in- A cluding such other hazards or appliances designated by the chief C applicant may file a written appeal to the state fire marshal for n consideration of the applicant's proposal. In considering such conditions which would reasonably[end to cause fire or contrib n appeal, the state fire marshal may seek the advice of the State u[e to its spread,or any violation of the purpose or provisions of C Board of Fire Services. The state fire marshal shall,after consid- this code and of any other law or standard affecting firesafety. C ering all of the facts presented, including any recommendation of C the State Board of Fire Services,determine if the proposal is for 103.3.1.2 Right of entry. Whenever necessary to make an in- A the purpose intended,at least equivalent to that specified in these spection to enforce any of the provisions of this code,or whenever A regulations in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, the chief has reasonable cause to believe that there exists in any cdurability and safety, and shall transmit such findings and any building or upon any premises any condition which makes such A recommendations to the applicant and to the enforcing agency. building or premises unsafe,the chief is authorized to enter such 103.1.5 Appendix. See Appendix VI-D for additional informa- building or premises at all reasonable times to inspect the same or tion related to inspection and enforcement. to perform any duty authorized by this code,provided that if such building or premises is occupied,the chief shall first present prop- 103.2 Authority for Inspection and Enforcement. er credentials and demand entry;and if such building or premises is unoccupied,the chief shall first make a reasonable effort to lo- 103.2.1 Authority of the chief and the fire department. cate the owner or other persons having charge or control of the building or premises and demand entry.If such entry is refused, 103.2.1.1 General. The chief is authorized to administer and en- the chief shall have recourse to every remedy provided by law to force this code.Under the chief's direction,the fire department is secure entry. authorized to enforce all ordinances of the jurisdiction pertaining If the owner or occupant denies entry,the chief is authorized to to: obtain a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by 1. The prevention of fires, law to secure entry.Owners,occupants or any other persons hav- 2. The suppression or extinguishment of dangerous or hazard- ing charge,care or control of any building or premises shall,after ous fires, proper request is made as herein provided,promptly permit entry therein by the chief for the purpose of inspection and examination 3. The storage,use and handling of hazardous materials, pursuant to this code. 4. The installation and maintenance of automatic,manual and For the purpose of Section 103.3.1.2,the term"chief'shall in- other private fire alarm systems and fire-extinguishing equip- clude the chief officer of the fire department serving the jurisdic- ment, tion and the officers named in Sections 103.2.1.2 and 103.2.2.2. 5. The maintenance and regulation of fire escapes, 103.3.1.3 Stop orders. When any work is being done or a condi- tion is being established contrary to the provisions of this code,the 6. The maintenance of fire.protection and the elimination of fire chief may order the work stopped by notice in writing served fire hazards on land and in buildings,structures and other proper- on any persons engaged in doing or causing the work to be done. ty,including those under construction, Such work shall stop until continuation is authorized by the chief. 7. The maintenance of means of egress;and 103.3.2 New construction and alterations. 8. The investigation of the cause,origin and circumstances of 103.3.2.1 General. Construction or work for which fire de- fire and unauthorized releases of hazardous materials. partment approval is required shall be subject to inspection by the For authority related to control and investigation of emergency chief and such construction or work shall remain accessible and scenes,see Section 104. exposed for inspection purposes until approved. 1-2.1 103.3.2.1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 103.3.2.2 Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be to cause the work to remain accessible and exposed for inspection an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other purposes.Neither the chief nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material re- authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other quired to allow inspection. ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. 103.3.2.2 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the person It shall be the duty of the permit applicant or contractor or both doing the work authorized by a permit to notify the chief that such (Text continues on page 1-3.) 1-2.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 103.3.2.2 104.1.1 work is ready for inspection.The chief is authorized to require that thereof to such person by registered or certified mail to the per- every request for inspection be filed not less than one working day son's last known address. before such inspection is desired.Such requests may be in writing Orders or notices which are given verbally shall be confirmed or by telephone at the option of the chief. by service in writing as herein provided. It shall be the duty of the person requesting any required inspec- 103.4.3 Compliance with orders,notices and tags. tions to provide access to and means for proper inspection of such work. 103.4.3.1 Compliance with orders and notices. Orders and no- 103.3.2.3 Changes in use or occupancy of buildings. Changes tices issued or served as provided by this code shall be complied made in the character or use of an occupancy shall be in accord- With by the owner,operator,occupant or other person responsible ance with the Building Code. for the condition or violation to which the order or notice pertains. g In cases of extreme danger to persons or property,immediate com- 103.3.3 Firesafety during construction and alterations. Fire- pliance is required. safety during construction,alteration or demolition of a building If the building or other premises is not owner occupied,under shall be in accordance with Article 87. lease or otherwise, and the order or notice requires additions or changes in the building or premises which would immediately 103.3.4 Records. The fire prevention bureau shall retain for not become real estate and be the property of the owner of the building less than three years a record of each inspection made showing the or premises,such orders or notices shall be complied with by the findings and disposition of each inspection made. owner. 103.4 Enforcement. EXCEPTION: When the owner and the occupant have agreed otherwise between themselves,in which event the occupant shall com- 103.4.1 Authorization to issue corrective orders and notices. ply. 103.4.1.1 General. When the chief finds any building, prem- 103.4.3.2 Compliance with tags. A building,premises or thing ises,vehicle,storage facility or outdoor area that is in violation of shall not be used when in violation of this code as noted on a tag this code,the chief is authorized to issue corrective orders. affixed in accordance with Section 103.4.1. See also Appendix VI-D. 103.4.3.3 Removal and destruction of signs and tags. A sign or tag posted or affixed by the chief shall not be mutilated, de- 103.4.1.2 Unsafe heating or electrical equipment and struc- stroyed or removed without authorization by the chief. tural hazards. When the chief deems any chimney,smokestack, 103.4.4 Citations. Persons operating or maintaining an occu- stove,oven,incinerator,furnace or other heating device,electric pancy,premises or vehicle subject to this code who allow a hazard fixture or any appurtenance thereto,or anything regulated under a to exist or fail to take immediate action to abate a hazard on such nationally recognized standard in or upon any building,structure occupancy,premises or vehicle when ordered or notified to do so or premises not specifically mentioned in this code,to be defective by the chief shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. or unsafe so as to create a hazard,the chief is authorized to serve upon the owner or the person having control of the property a writ- 103.4.5 Unsafe buildings. Buildings or structures which are ten notice to repair or alter as necessary and shall notify any other structurally unsafe or not provided with adequate egress,or which authority enforcing codes regulating such equipment.The chief is constitute a fire hazard or are otherwise dangerous to human life, authorized to affix a condemnation tag prohibiting the use thereof or which in relation to existing use constitute a hazard to safety or until such repairs or alterations are made.When affixed,such tag health or public welfare, by reason of inadequate maintenance, shall only be removed by the order of the chief when the hazard to dilapidation, obsolescence, fire hazard, disaster damage or which the order pertains has been eliminated in an approved man- abandonment as specified in this code or any other ordinance,are, ner.Until removed,that item or device which has caused the haz- for the purpose of Section 103.4.5,unsafe buildings.Such unsafe and shall not be used or be permitted to be used. buildings are hereby declared to be public nuisances and shall be When an apparent structural hazard is caused by the faulty in- abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or removal. See the stallation,operation or malfunction of any of the items or devices procedure specified in Chapters 4 through 9 of the Uniform Code listed in this section,the chief shall immediately notify the build- for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings. ing official to investigate such hazard and cause such hazard to be 103.4.6 Appeals. For appeals,see Section 103.1.4. abated as required by the Building Code. 103.4.1.3 Stopping uses,evacuation. The chief is authorized to SECTION 104—CONTROL AND INVESTIGATION OF order an operation or use stopped or the evacuation of any prem- EMERGENCY SCENES ises,building or vehicle or portion thereof which has or is a fire hazard. 104.1 Authority at Fires and Other Emergencies. 103.4.1.4 Time limit for corrective orders. Orders or notices 104.1.1 General. The chief or officer of the fire department in shall set forth a time limit for compliance dependent upon the haz- charge at the scene of a fire or other emergency involving the pro- ard and danger created by the violation. tection of life or property or any part thereof,shall have the author- ity to direct such operation as necessary to extinguish or control 103.4.2 Service of orders and notices. Orders and notices au- any fire,perform any rescue operation,investigate the existence thorized or required by this code shall be given or served upon the of suspected or reported fires,gas leaks or other hazardous condi- owner,operator,occupant or other person responsible for the con- tions or situations or of taking any other action necessary in the dition or violation either by verbal notification,personal service, reasonable performance of duty.In the exercise of such power,the or delivering the same to and leaving it with a person of suitable chief is authorized to prohibit any person,vehicle,vessel or thing age and discretion upon the premises;or,if no such person is found from approaching the scene and is authorized to remove or cause on the premises,by affixing a copy thereof in a conspicuous place to be removed or kept away from the scene any vehicle,vessel or on the door to the entrance of said premises and by mailing a copy thing which could impede or interfere with the operations of the 1-3 104.1.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 105.8 fire department and,in the judgment of the chief,any person not shall be void and approvals of plans and specifications in the is- actually and usefully employed in the extinguishing of such fire or suance of such permits shall likewise be void. in the preservation of property in the vicinity thereof. 105.3 Application for Permit. Applications for permits shall be 104.1.2 Interference. The operations of the fire department in made to the bureau of fire prevention in such form and detail as connection with extinguishing any fire or other emergency shall prescribed by the bureau. Applications for permits shall be not be obstructed.Lawful commands of the chief or officer of the accompanied by such plans as required by the bureau. fire department in charge at such a scene,or any part thereof,or 105.4 Inspection Required. Before a permit is issued,the chief any police officer assisting the fire department,shall not be dis- shall inspect and approve the receptacles, vehicles, buildings, obeyed. devices,premises,storage spaces or areas to be used.In instances 104.1.3 Barricades. The chief or officer of the fire department where laws or regulations are enforceable by departments other in charge at the scene of an emergency is authorized to place ropes, than the fire department,joint approval shall be obtained from all guards, barricades or other obstructions across any street, alley, departments concerned. place or private property in the vicinity of such operation so as to 105.5 Retention of Permits. Permits shall be kept on the prem- prevent accidents or interference with the lawful efforts of the fire ises designated therein at all times and shall be posted in a department to manage and control the situation and to handle fire conspicuous location on the premises or shall be kept on the apparatus. premises in a location designated by the chief. Permits shall be 104.2 Investigations. The fire department is authorized to in- subject to inspection at all times by an officer of the fire or police vestigate promptly the cause, origin and circumstances of each department or other persons authorized by the chief. and every fire occurring in the jurisdiction involving loss of life or 105.6 Permits for the Same Location. When more than one injury to person or destruction or damage to property and, if it permit is required for the same location,such permits may be con- appears to the bureau of investigation that such fire is of solidated into a single permit. suspicious origin,they are authorized to take immediate charge of 105.7 Revocation of Permits. The chief is authorized to sus- authorized to pursue the investigation to its conclusion. all physical evidence relating the cause of the fire and are pend or revoke a permit when it is determined after a hearing by the chief that: The chief is authorized to investigate the cause, origin and 1. The permit has been used by a person other than the person to circumstances of unauthorized releases of hazardous materials. whom the permit was issued, The police department is authorized to assist the fire department 2. The permit has been used for a location other than that for in its investigations when requested to do so. which it was issued, 104.3 Records and Reports. 3. Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit 104.3.1 Fire occurrences. The fire department shall keep a re- have been violated, cord of fires occurring within its jurisdiction and of facts concern- 4. The permittee failed,refused or neglected to comply with or- ing the same,including statistics as to the extent of such fires and ders or notices duly served in accordance with the provisions of the damage caused thereby,together with other information as re- this code within the time provided therein, quired by the chief. 5. There has been a false statement or misrepresentation as to a 104.3.2 Record retention. The fire department shall retain for material fact in the application or plans on which the permit or not less than three years a record of each investigation made show- application was based,or ing the cause,the findings and disposition of each investigation. 6. The permit was issued in error or in violation of an ordi- nance,regulation or this code. SECTION 105—PERMITS 105.8 Permit Required. A permit shall be obtained from the bu- reau of fire prevention prior to engaging in the following activi- 105.1 Scope. Permits shall be in accordance with Section 105. ties,operations,practices or functions: 105.2 Conditions of Permits. a.1.Aerosol products.To store or handle an aggregate quantity of Level 2 or Level 3 aerosol products in excess of 500 pounds 105.2.1 General. A permit constitutes permission to maintain, (226.8 kg)net weight.See Article 88. store,use or handle materials,or to conduct processes which pro- a.2.Aircraft refueling vehicles.To operate aircraft refueling duce conditions hazardous to life or property,or to install equip- vehicles. See Article 24. ment used in connection with such activities. Such permission a.3.Aircraft repair hangar.To use any structure as an aircraft shall not be construed as authority to violate,cancel or set aside any of the provisions of this code.Such permit shall not take the hangar for the purpose of servicing or repairing aircraft. See Ar- place of any license required by law. title 24. a.4. Asbestos removal. To conduct asbestos-removal opera- 105.2.2 Expiration. A permit shall continue until revoked or for tions regulated by Article 87. such a period of time as designated therein at the time of issuance. Assembly.See"places of assembly." Permits shall not be transferable and any change in use,occupan- cy,operation or ownership shall require a new permit. a.5. Automobile wrecking yard. To operate an automobile 105.2.3 Compliance. Permit applicants and the applicants' wrecking yard.See Article 34. agents and employees shall carry out the proposed activity in com- b.1.Battery system.To install or operate stationary lead-acid pliance with this code and other laws or regulations applicable battery systems having a liquid capacity of more than 100 gallons thereto,whether specified or not,and in complete accordance with (378.5 L).See Article 64. approved plans and specifications.Permits which purport to sanc- b.2. Bowling pin or alley refinishing.To conduct a bowling tion a violation of this code or any applicable law or regulation pin refinishing or bowling alley resurfacing operation involving 1-4 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE-CODE 105.8 the.use,and application of flammable liquids or materials. See 1. To use or operate,repair or modify a pipeline for the trans- A"rticle 26. portation of flammable or combustible liquids., c.1.Candles and open flames in assembly areas.To use open 2. To store,handle or use Class I liquids in excess of 5 gallons flames or candles in connection with assembly areas,dining areas (18.9 L)in a building or in excess of 10 gallons(37.9 L)outside of of restaurants or drinking establishments-For definition of AS- a building,except that a permit is not required for the following: SEMBLY,, see Article 2. See Article 25 for open flame and 2.1 The storage or use of Class I liquids in the fuel tank of a mo- candles. for vehicle, aircraft, motorboat, mobile power plant or c.2.Carnivals and fairs.To conduct a carnival or fair.See Ar- mobile heating plant,unless such storage,in the opinion of ticle 25. the chief,would cause an unsafe condition. c.3.Cellulose nitrate film.To store,handle,use or display cel- 2.2 The storage or use of paints,oils,varnishes or similar flam- lulose nitrate film.See Article 33. mable mixtures when such liquids are stored for mainte- nance,painting or similar purposes for a period of not more c.4. Cellulose nitrate storage.To store or handle more than than 30 days. 25 pounds(11.3 kg)of cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)for the 3. To store,handle or use Class I1 or Class III-A liquids in ex- manufacturing or assembly of articles or parts of articles cess of 25 gallons(94.6 L)in a building or in excess of 60 gallons containing cellulose nitrate plastics(pyroxylin).See Article 27. (227.1 L)outside a building,except for fuel oil used in connection c.5. Combustible fiber storage. To store or handle with oil-buming equipment. combustible fibers in quantities in excess of 100 cubic feet(2.83 4. To remove Class I or Class H liquids from an underground m3).See Article 28. storage tank used for fueling motor vehicles by any means other c.6.Combustible material storage.To store more than 2,500 than the approved,stationary on-site pumps normally used for dis- cubic feet(70.8 m3)gross volume of combustible empty packing pensing purposes. cases,boxes,barrels or similar containers,or rubber or cork,or 5. To install, construct, alter or operate tank vehicles, equip- other similarly combustible material.See Article 11. ment,tanks,plants,terminals,wells,fuel-dispensing stations,re- c.7.Compressed gases.To store,use or handle at normal tem- fineries, distilleries and similar facilities where flammable and peratures and pressures compressed gases in excess of the combustible liquids are produced,processed,transported,stored, amounts listed in Table 105-A.When the compressed gases in use dispensed or used. or storage exceed the amounts listed in Table 105-A,a permit is 6. To install,alter,remove,abandon,place temporarily out of required to install,repair,abandon,remove,place temporarily out service or otherwise dispose of a flammable or combustible liquid of service,close or substantially modify a compressed gas system. tank. EXCEPTIONS: 1.Routine maintenance. 7. To change the type of contents stored in a flammable or com- 2.For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis, bustible liquid tank to a material other than that for which the tank application for permit shall be made within two working days of com- was designed and constructed. mencement of work. The permit applicant shall apply for approval to close storage, Fruit ripening.To operate afruit-ripening process regu- use or handling facilities at least 30 days prior to the termination of laceedd by Article 46. the storage, use or handling of compressed or liquefied gases. f.5.Fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging.To operate a Such application shall include any change or alteration of the business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging and to facility closure plan filed pursuant to Section 8001.13. This maintain a room,vault or chamber in which a toxic or flammable 30-day period may be waived by the chief if there are special cir- fumigant is used.See Article 47. cumstances requiring such waiver. h.1.Hazardous materials.To store,transport on site,dispense, c.8. Commercial rubbish-handling operation.To operate a use or handle hazardous materials in excess of the amounts listed commercial rubbish-handling operation.See Article 11. in Table 105-C or to install,repair,abandon,remove,place tempo- rarily out of service,close or substantially modify a storage facili- c.9.Cryogens.Except where federal or state regulations apply ty or other area regulated by Article 80 when the hazardous and except for fuel systems of the vehicle,to produce,store or han- materials in use or storage exceed the amounts listed in Ta- dle cryogens in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105-B. ble 105-C. ` d.l. Dry cleaning plants. To engage in the business of dry h.2. High-piled combustible storage.To use any building or cleaning or to change to a more hazardous cleaning solvent. portion thereof as a high-piled storage area exceeding 500 square Such permits shall prescribe the class of system to be used. See feet(46.45 m2)(see definition in Article 81).Plans shall be sub- Article 36. mitted with applications for such permits in accordance with d.2.Dust-producing operations.To operate a grain elevator, Article 81. flour starch mill,feed mill,or plant pulverizing aluminum,coal, h.3.Hot-work operations.Permits are required for hot work cocoa,magnesium,spices or sugar,or other operation producing including,but not limited to: combustible dusts as defined in Article 2.See Articles 30 and 76. 1. Public exhibitions and demonstrations where hot work is e.1.Explosives or blasting agents.For permits for explosives conducted. or blasting agents,see Article 77. 2.Use of portable hot-work equipment inside a structure. f.1.Fire hydrants and water-control valves.For a permit to EXCEPTION:Work that is conducted under a construction permit use a fire hydrant or operate a water-control valve intended for issued by the building official. fire-suppression purposes,see Article 9. 3.Fixed-site hot-work equipment such as welding booths. f.2.Fireworks.For permits for fireworks,see Article 78. 4.Hot work conducted within a Hazardous Fire Area. f.3.Flammable or combustible liquids.See Article 79. 1.1.Liquefied petroleum gases.See Article 82. 1-5 105.8- 105.8.1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 105-A 1. To store,use,handle or dispense LP-gas. p.3. Pyrotechnical special effects material. For permits for 2. To install or maintain LP-gas containers. pyrotechnical special effects material,see Article 78. 1.2.Liquid-or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly r.l. Radioactive materials.To store or handle at any installa- buildings. To display, compete or demonstrate liquid- or gas- tion more than 1 microcurie(37 000 becquerel)of radioactive ma- fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings. See Ar- terial not contained in a sealed source or more than 1 millicurie ticle 25. (37 000 000 becquerel)of radioactive material in a sealed source or sources,or any amount of radioactive material for which a spe- 1.3.Lumber yards.To store lumber in excess of 100,000 board cific license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is re- feet(9290.3 m2 surface area of lumber 25.4 min in thickness).See quired.See Article 80. Article 30. r.2.Refrigeration equipment.To install or operate a mechani- m.1. Magnesium working.To melt, cast, heat treat or grind cal refrigeration unit or system regulated by Article 63. more than 10 pounds (4.54 kg)of magnesium per working day. See Article 48. 0.Repair garages.To use a structure as a place of business for m.2.Mall,covered.See Article 35.To use a covered mall in the servicing or repairing motor vehicles.See Article 29. following manner: s.1.Spraying or dipping.To conduct a spraying or dipping op- t. Placing or constructing temporary kiosks,display booths, eration utilizing flammable or combustible liquids or the applica- concession equipment or the like in the mall. tion of combustible powders regulated by Article 45. 2. To use a mall as a place of assembly. t.1. Temporary membrane structures, tents and canopies. To erect or operate an air-supported temporary membrane struc- 3. To use open-flame or flame-producing devices. ture or tent having an area in excess of 200 square feet(18.6 m2), 4. To display any liquid-or gas-fueled powered equipment. or a canopy in excess of 400 square feet (37.2 m2), except for m.3. Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations. To dispense structures used exclusively for camping.See Article 32. flammable or combustible liquids, liquefied petroleum gases or t.2.Tire storage.To use an open area or portion thereof to store compressed natural gas at motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations. tires in excess of 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3).See Section 1103.3.6. See Article 52. Nitrate film.See"cellulose nitrate film." w.l.Wood products.To store chips,hogged material,lumber or plywood in excess of 200 cubic feet(5.67 m3).See Article 30. o.1.Open burning.To conduct open burning.Where burning is conducted on public property or the property of someone other 105.8.1 [For SFM]Additional permits. a L than the permit applicant,the permit applicant shall demonstrate 1n addition to the permits required by Section 105.8, the follow- C L that permission has been obtained by the appropriate government ing permits shall be obtained from the Bureau of Fire Prevention A L agency,the owner,or the owner's authorized agent.When limits prior to engaging in the following activities,operations,practices A L for atmospheric conditions or hours restrict burning, such limits or functions: n L shall be designated in the permit restrictions.See Section 1102.3. C L 1. Production facilities. To change use or occupancy,or allow A L o.2. Organic coatings. To manufacture more than I gallon the attendance of a live audience,or for wrap parties. C L (3.79 L)of organic coatings in a working day.See Article 50. A L 2. Pyrotechnics and special effects. To use pyrotechnic spe- C L o.3.Ovens,industrial baking or drying.To operate an indus- cial effects,open flame,use of flammable or combustible liquids C L trial baking or drying oven regulated by Article 62. and gases, welding, and the parking of motor vehicles in any C L p.1. Parade floats.To use a parade float for public perform- building or location used for the purpose of motion picture,televi- C L ance, presentation, spectacle, entertainment or parade. See Sec- sion and commercial production. C L tion 1104. A L 3. Live audiences. To install seating arrangements for live au- C L p.2.Places of assembly.To operate a place of assembly.See Ar- diences in approved production facilities,production studios and C L ticle 25. sound stages. See Article 25. C L TABLE 105-A-PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASESf ' AMOUNT(cubic feet)2 TYPE OF GAS x 0.0283 for m3 Corrosive 200 Flammable(except cryogenic fluids and liquefied petroleum gases) 200 Highly toxic Any amount Inert and simple asphyxiant 6,000 Irritant 200 Other health hazards 650 Oxidizing(including oxygen) 504 Pyrophoric Any amount Radioactive Any amount Sensitizer 200 Toxic Any amount Unstable(reactive) Any amount ' I See Articles 49,52,63,74,80 and 82 for additional requirements and exceptions. 2Cubic feet measured at normal temperature and pressure. 1-6 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 105-B TABLE 105-C TABLE 105-B—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR CRYOGENS1 INSIDE BUILDING OUTSIDE BUILDING (gallons) (gallons) TYPE OF CRYOGEN x 3.785 for L Corrosive Over 1 Over 1 Flammable Over 1 60 Highly toxic Over 1 Over 1 Nonflammable 60 500 Oxidizer(includes oxygen) 10 50 ' tSee Article 75. TABLE 105-C—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS1 AMOUNT x 0.4536 for Ibs.to kg TYPE OF MATERIAL x 3.785 for gal.to L Carcinogens ............................................................. 10 pounds Cellulose nitrate .......................................................... See No.c.4 Combustible fiber......................................................... See No.c.5 Combustible liquids ....................................................... See No.f.3 Corrosive gases .......................................................... See No.c.7 Corrosive liquids ......................................................... 55 gallons Corrosive solids .......................................................... 500 pounds Cryogens ............................................................... See No.c.9 Explosives .............................................................. See No.e.1 Flammable gases ......................................................... See No.c.7 Flammable liquids ........................................................ See No.f.3 Flammable solids ......................................................... 100 pounds Highly toxic gases(including pesticides and fumigants)........................... See No.c.7 Highly toxic liquids and solids(including pesticides and fumigants) ................. Any amount Irritant liquids............................................................ 55 gallons Irritant solids ............................................................ 500 pounds Liquefied petroleum gases .................................................. See No.1.1 Magnesium.............................................................. See No.m.1 Nitratefilm.............................................................. See No.c.3 Oxidizing gases .......................................................... See No.c.7 Oxidizing liquids: Class 4 .................................. Any amount Class 3 .................................. 1 gallon Class 2 .................................. 10 gallons Class 1 .................................. 55 gallons Oxidizing solids: Class 4 .................................. Any amount Class .................................. 10 pounds Class .................................. 100 pounds Class .................................. 500 pounds Organic peroxide liquids and solids: Class I .................................. Any amount Class Il.................................. Any amount Class III ................................. 10 pounds Class IV ................................. 20 pounds Other health hazards: Liquids .................................. 55 gallons Solids ................................... 500 pounds Pyrophoric gases ......................................................... See No.c.7 Pyrophoric liquids ........................................................ Any amount Pyrophoric solids ......................................................... Any amount Radioactive materials(including gases,liquids and solids)......................... See No.c.7 and r.1 Sensitizer liquids ......................................................... 55 gallons Sensitizer solids .......................................................... 500 pounds Toxic gases.............................................................. See No.c.7 Toxic liquids............................................................. 10 gallons Toxic solids ............................................................. 100 pounds Unstable(reactive)gases ................................................... See No.c.7 Unstable(reactive)liquids: Class 4 .................................. Any amount Class 3 .................................. Any amount Class 2 .................................. 5 gallons Class 1 .................................. 10 gallons Unstable(reactive)solids: Class 4 .................................. Any amount Class 3 .................................. Any amount Class .................................. 50 pounds Class .................................. 100 pounds Water-reactive liquids: Class 3 .................................. Any amount Class 2 .................................. 5 gallons Class 1 .................................. 10 gallons Water-reactive solids: Class 3 .................................. Any amount Class .................................. 50 pounds Class .................................. 1 100 pounds tSee Article 80 for additional requirements and exceptions. 1-7 17.56.020 UFC Section 103.1.4 Amended—Appeals. ADD--Any appeal from the decision of the chief of the Fire Department to the Huntington Beach Appeals Board must be filed within thirty (30) days from the date of the decision appealed. There shall be no appeal pursuant to this section to determine the validity of a decision of the fire chief, or his or her designee, pursuant to UFC Section 103.4.4 or UFC Section 8001.5.2.5. (1414-6/68, 1900-3/74, 2188-6/77, 2430-7/80, 2638-9/83, 2865-11/86, 3020-12/89, 3430-7/99) 17.56.025 UFC Section 105 PermitsNew materials, processes or occupancies—Permits. The City Administrator,the chief of the Fire Department, and the chief of the Fire Prevention Division shall act as a committee to determine and specify, after giving affected persons an opportunity to be heard, any new materials, processes or occupancies which shall require permits in addition to those now enumerated in this code. The chief of the Fire Prevention Division shall post such list in a conspicuous place in his office, and distribute copies to interested persons. (1414-6/68, 1900-3/74, 2188-6/77, 2430-7/80, 2638-9/83, 2865-11/86, 3020-12/89) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 201 202 PART H DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARTICLE 2- DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS SECTION 201 —GENERAL ALARM ZONE is a building or defined area of a building as approved for purposes of identifying alarm-initiating locations. 201.1 Definitions. For the purpose of this code, certain words and phrases are defined and certain provisions shall be construed ALARM-INITIATING DEVICE is manually or automatical- as set forth herein,unless it is apparent from the context that a dif- ly operated equipment which,when activated,initiates an alarm ferent meaning is intended. through an alarm control unit or signaling device. When terms are not defined,they shall have their ordinary ac- ALARM-SIGNALING DEVICE is equipment that produces an approved alarm signal. cepted meanings within the context with which they are used. ALTER and ALTERATION are a change,addition or modifi- B Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Lan- B e, Unabridged co p rr ht 1986, shall be considered as ro- cation in construction or occupancy. B guag viding ordinarily accepted meanings. AMUSEMENT BUILDING is a building or portion thereof, B temporary or permanent, used for entertainment or educational B 201.2 Tenses.Present tenses include past and future tenses and purposes and which contains a system which transports passen- B future tenses include the past. gers or provides a walkway through a course so arranged that the B required means of egress are not apparent due to theatrical distrac- B 201.3 Number.Singular numbers include plural and plural num-bers include singular. tions,are disguised,or are not readily available due to the method B B of transportation through the building or structure. SECTION 202—A ANNUNCIATOR is equipment which indicates the zone or area of a building from which an alarm has been initiated or the AAR is the Association of American Railroads. location of an alarm-initiating device and the operational condi- tion of the alarm circuits of the system. ADMINISTRATOR is the executive officer of the jurisdic- ANSI is the American National Standards Institute. tional area. APARTMENT HOUSE is any building, or portion thereof, B AERIAL SHELL is a pyrotechnic device that functions in the which contains three or more dwelling units including residential B air. condominiums. B AEROSOL is a product which is dispensed from an aerosol API is the American Petroleum Institute. container by a propellant. APPLIANCE,PORTABLE,is a device operated by electric- AEROSOL CONTAINER is a metal can, up to a maximum ity which is capable of being hand-carried or is easily moved from size of 33.8 fluid ounces(1000 mL),or a glass or plastic bottle,up one place to another in normal use. to a maximum size of 4 fluid ounces(118 mL),that is designed to APPLIANCE, STATIONARY, is a device operated by elec- dispense an aerosol product. tricity which is not affixed to a structure and which is not easily AEROSOL WAREHOUSE is a building used for warehous- moved from one place to another. ing aerosol products. APPROVED refers to approval by the chief as the result of re- I AGA is the American Gas Association. view investigation or tests conducted by the chief or by reason of accepted principles or tests by national authorities,or technical or AIA is the American Insurance Association. scientific organizations. ALARM is the giving,signaling or transmitting to a public fire AREA is a particular extent of surface. (See also FLOOR station or company or to an officer or employee thereof,whether AREA.) by telephone,spoken word or otherwise,information to the effect ARRAY is a description of the configuration of storage.Char- that a fire or emergency condition exists at or near the place indi- acteristics considered in defining an array include the type of cated by the person giving,signaling or transmitting such infor- packaging,flue spaces,height of storage and compactness of stor- mation. age. ALARM CONTROL UNIT is a unit comprising the controls, ARRAY,CLOSED,is an array having a 6-inch(152.4 mm)or relays, switches and associated circuits necessary to smaller width vertical flue space that restricts air movement 1. Distribute power to a fire alarm system, through the stored commodity. 2. Receive signals from alarm-initiating devices and transmit ASHRAE is the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating them to alarm-signaling devices and accessory equipment,and and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASME is the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 3. Electrically supervise the system circuitry. ASPHALT KETTLE is a vessel or container used to process, ALARM SIGNAL is an audible or visual signal,or both,indi- heat,hold for heating,or dispense flammable or combustible roof- cating the existence of an emergency fire condition.Audible de- ing materials that are in liquid form or will take that form as a re- vices may be bells, horns, chimes, speakers or similar devices. sult of being exposed to such vessel or container. Voice alarms and their messages shall be approved. ASSEMBLY is the gathering together of 50 or more persons for B ALARM SYSTEM is a combination of approved compatible such purposes as deliberation,education,instruction,worship,en- B devices with the necessary electrical interconnection and energy tertainment,amusement,drinking,dining or awaiting transporta- B to produce an alarm signal in the event of fire or system activation. tion. B 1-9 202 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 203 ASTM is the American Society for Testing and Materials. BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD-ACID, is a ATMOSPHERIC TANK is a storage tank which has been de- system which consists of three interconnected subsystems: signed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 1. A lead-acid battery; pound per square inch gage(prig)(3.4 kPa). 2. A battery charger;and B ATRIUM is an opening through two or more floor levels other 3. A collection of rectifiers,inverters,converters and associat- e than enclosed stairways,elevators,hoistways,escalators,plumb- ed electrical equipment as required for a particular application. B ing, electrical, air-conditioning or other equipment, which is BATF is the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms. B closed at the top and not defined as a mall.Floor levels as used in BELOWGROUND CONTAINER is a storage container in B this definition do not include balconies within an assembly which the maximum liquid level is below the surrounding grade or B occupancy or mezzanines which comply with the Building Code below a backfill berm,which is at least 10 feet(3048 mm)wide at B requirements for mezzanines. the top and then slopes away from the container at a natural angle AUTOMATED STORAGE is storage of products within a of repose or is retained 10 feet(3048 mm)from the container by a storage system that is motor driven such that the product is auto- retaining wall and constructed of earth,concrete,solid masonry or matically delivered to a stationary picking location. suitable material designed to prevent the escape of liquid. AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM is a system which BINARY EXPLOSIVE is an explosive material composed of automatically detects a fire condition and actuates fire separate components, each of which is safe for storage and alarm-signaling devices. transportation and would not in itself be considered as an explo- sive. AUTOMATIC FIRE CHECK is a device listed for installa- BINBOX is a five-sided container with the open side facing an tion in communicating piping carrying an explosive vapor/air aisle. Binboxes are self-supporting or supported by a structure mixture to prevent a flashback from reaching underground tanks designed so that little or no horizontal or vertical space exists or equipment in a piping system.These devices shall be equipped around the boxes. with special elements for arresting an explosion wave which may already be established in a pipe. These devices shall contain an BLASTING AGENT is a material or mixture consisting of a automatically operated shutoff valve to stop flow of vapor/air fuel and oxidizer intended for blasting. The finished product as mixture in event of a flashback and continued burning at the mixed and packaged for use or shipment cannot be detonated by arrester element.The shutoff valve shall be capable of a manual means of a No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined. Under reset. Department of Transportation regulations, blasting agents are B classified and labeled as 1.51). B AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM is an BLASTING CAP is a shell closed at one end and containing a B approved system of devices and equipment which automatically charge of a detonating compound which is ignited by a safety fuse. B detects a fire and discharges an approved fire-extinguishing agent It is used for detonating explosives. B onto or in the area of a fire. B BLEACHERS are tiered or stepped seating facilities without B AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARD is an area that stores backrests in which an area of 3 square feet(0.28 m2)or less is as- B salvage vehicles. signed per person when computing the occupant load. B AWNING is a shelter supported entirely from the exterior wall BOILING POINT is the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of a building. of 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa).Where an accurate boiling point is un- available for the material in question,or for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point,for purposes of this classification, SECTION 203—B the 10 percent point'of a distillation performed in accordance with B BALCONY,EXTERIOR EXIT,is a landing or porch project- nationally recognized standards is allowed to be used as the boil- B ing point of the liquid.See Article 90,Standard a.4.3. B ing from the wall of a building and which serves as an exit dis- B charge component in a means of egress system.The long side shall BOILOVER is the expulsion of crude oil or certain other liq- B be at least 50 percent open,and the open area above the guardrail uids from a burning tank in which the light fractions of the crude B shall be so distributed as to prevent the accumulation of smoke or oil burn off,producing a heat wave in the residue which,on reach- B toxic gases. ing a water strata,results in the expulsion of a portion of the con- BANDING is a method of packaging consisting of stretch tents of the tank in the form of a froth. wrapping around not more than four sides of a pallet load. BONFIRE is the open burning of cut trees,vegetation or lum- ber. BARREL is a volume of 42 U.S.gallons(159 L). BREAK (aerial shell) is an individual effect from an aerial BARRICADE is a structure that consists of a combination of shell, generally either color or noise.Aerial shells can be single walls,floor and roof that is designed to withstand the rapid release break, having only one effect, or multiple break, having two or of energy in an explosion. Barricades may be fully confined, more effects. partially vented or fully vented. Btu is a British thermal unit,the heat necessary to raise the tem- B BASEMENT is any floor level below the first story in a build- perature of 1 pound(0.454 kg)of water by 1°F(0.556°C). B ing,except that a floor level in a building having only one floor BUILDING is any structure used or intended for supporting or B Blevel shall be classified as a basement unless such floor level qual- sheltering any use or occupancy. B B ifies as a first story as defined in the Building Code. BUILDING CODE is the Building Code adopted by this BATTERY,LEAD-ACID,is a group of electro-chemical cells jurisdiction. See the Uniform Building Code, promulgated by the interconnected to supply a nominal voltage of DC power to suit- International Conference of Building Officials. ably connected electrical load.The number of cells connected in BUILDING OFFICIAL is the officer or other designated 6 series determines the nominal voltage rating of the battery.The authority of the jurisdiction charged with the administration and B size of the cells determines the discharge capacity of the entire enforcement of the Building Code,or the building official's duly B battery. authorized representative. B 1-10 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 203 204 BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM is an assembly of equipment, whatever name known,when in the form of blocks,slabs,sheets, such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, safety tubes or fabricated shapes.For requirements,see Article 27. devices,vaporizers,manifolds and interconnecting piping,which CENTRAL SUPPLY is that portion of a system which has a storage capacity at normal temperature and pressure of: normally supplies piping systems. 1. More than 12,000 cubic feet(340 m3)of oxygen connected CGA is the Compressed Gas Association. in service or ready for service,or C.F.R.is the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States 2. More than 25,000 cubic feet(708 m3)of oxygen,including Government. unconnected reserve on hand at the site. CHEMICAL is any element,chemical compound or mixture A bulk oxygen system terminates at the point where oxygen at of elements or compounds or both. service pressure first enters the supply line.The oxygen is allowed to be stored as a liquid or gas in either stationary or portable CHEMICAL NAME is the scientific designation of a containers. chemical in accordance with the nomenclature system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL is that portion of a property Chemical Abstracts Service rules of nomenclature, or a name where flammable or combustible liquids are received by tank ves- which will clearly identify a chemical for the purpose of sel,pipelines,tank car or tank vehicle and are stored or blended in conducting an evaluation. bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, CHIEF is the chief officer of the fire department serving the pipeline,tank car,tank vehicle,portable tank or container. jurisdiction or the chief officer's authorized representative. BULLET RESISTANT is a material or method of construction CHIEF ENGINEER is the chief. which resists penetration of a bullet of 150 grain(9.75 g)M-2 ball ammunition having a nominal muzzle velocity of 2,700 feet per CHIEF OF POLICE or POLICE DEPARTMENT is the second(823 m/s)fired from a.30 caliber rifle at a distance of 100 chief law enforcement officer of the jurisdiction or the chief law feet(30.5 m).See Section 7702.3.4. enforcement officer's authorized representative. BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION is the fire prevention CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION is the bureau of the jurisdiction. head of the fire prevention bureau. CHIPS are small pieces of wood by-products that will not pass through a 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) screen. Chips are used in the SECTION 204—C manufacturing of pulp and other wood products. CARCINOGEN is a substance that causes the development of CLASSIFIED refers to a product that has been evaluated with cancerous growths in living tissue.A chemical is considered to be respect to a carcinogen if: 1. The properties of the product, 1. It has been evaluated by the International Agency for 2. A limited spectrum of hazards to life or property, Research on Cancer (IARC) and found to be a carcinogen or 3. Suitability of the product for certain uses and potential carcinogen,or 2. It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the latest 4. Other conditions by a nationally recognized testing edition of the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the laboratory or approved organization. National Toxicology Program,or CLEAN AGENT is a volatile or gaseous fire-extinguishing 3. It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen. agent that is electrically nonconductive at NTP,and does not leave a residue upon evaporation. CARGO TANK is a container having a liquid capacity in CLOSED CONTAINER is a container sealed by means of a lid excess of 110 gallons (416 L) used for carrying flammable or or other device such that liquid, vapor or dusts will not escape combustible liquids, LP-gas, or hazardous chemicals and from it under ordinary conditions of use or handling. mounted permanently or otherwise upon a tank vehicle.The term "cargo tank" does not apply to containers used solely for the CNG is compressed natural gas. purpose of supplying fuel for propulsion of the vehicle upon COLD DECK is a single ranked pile of logs with individual ' which it is mounted. logs. CARNIVAL is a mobile enterprise principally devoted to COMBUSTIBLE DECORATIVE MATERIALS are com- offering amusement or entertainment to the public in,upon or by bustible materials used for decorative effects such as curtains; means of portable amusement rides or devices or temporary struc- draperies; streamers; surface coverings applied over building tures in any number or combination, whether or not associated interior finishes for decorative, acoustical or other effect; cloth; with other structures or forms of public attraction. cotton batting; paper; plastics; vegetation; hay; split bamboo; CAROUSEL STORAGE is a type of automated storage in straw; vines; leaves; trees; moss; and similar materials used for which the product revolves around a fixed point in either a hori- decorative effect. Combustible decorative materials do not zontal or vertical plane or a combination of both. include floor coverings,ordinary window shades,interior finish materials used as surface coverings(for regulations of such mate- CEILING LIMIT is the maximum concentration of an rials,see UBC Chapter 8,and materials 1/28 inch(0.9 mm)or less airborne contaminant to which one may be exposed.The ceiling in thickness applied directly to a noncombustible backing. limits utilized are to be those published in 29 C.F.R. 1910.1000. COMBUSTIBLE DUST is finely divided solid material which CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (Pyroxylin) is a is 420 microns or less in diameter and which,when dispersed in air plastic substance, material or compound, other than cellulose in the proper proportions, could be ignited by a flame, spark or nitrate film,covered by Article 33,or guncotton or other explosive other source of ignition.Combustible dust will pass through a U.S. covered by Article 77, having cellulose nitrate as a base, or No.40 Standard sieve. 1-11 204 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE BIN is a metal or 4. Compressed gas mixtures consist of a mixture of two or metal-lined container with a capacity not exceeding 100 cubic feet more compressed gases contained in a packaging, the hazard (2.83 m3)and equipped with a self-closing cover. properties of which are represented by the properties of the mix- COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE ROOM is a room with ture as a whole. a capacity not exceeding 500 cubic feet(14.2 m3)separated from COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER is a pressure vessel de- the remainder of a building by not less than a one-hour occupancy signed to hold compressed gases at pressures greater than one at- separation constructed in accordance with the Building Code. mosphere at 68°F(20°C)and includes cylinders,containers and tanks. COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, PRO- TECTED,is a room with a capacity exceeding 1,000 cubic feet COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM is an assembly of equipment (28.3 m)separated from the remainder of a building by not less designed to contain, distribute or transport compressed gases. It than a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance can consist of a compressed gas container or containers,reactors with the Building Code and provided with an approved automatic and appurtenances,including pumps,compressors,and connect- sprinkler system. ing piping and tubing. COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, UNPRO- CONDENSATE TANK is a tank which is installed in the TECTED,is a room with a capacity not exceeding 1,000 cubic vapor-return piping of a vapor-recovery system to collect feet(28.3 m3)separated from the remainder of the building by a condensed gasoline and is capable of being emptied of liquids two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with Without opening. the Building Code and provided with approved safety vents to the CONGREGATE RESIDENCE is any building or portion B outside. thereof which contains facilities for living, sleeping and B sanitation, as required by the Building Code, and may include B COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS are readily ignitable and facilities for eating and cooking, for occupancy by other than a B free-burning fibers, such as cotton, sisal, henequen, ixtle,jute, family. A congregate residence may be a shelter, convent, B hemp, tow, cocoa fiber, oakum, baled waste, baled wastepaper, monastery, dormitory, fraternity or sorority house but does not B kapok,hay,straw,excelsior,Spanish moss or other like materials. include jails,hospitals,nursing homes,hotels or lodging houses. B COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID is a liquid having a flash point at or CONTAINER.See Sections 7501.2.2,7901.2.2 and 8001.2.2. above 100°F(37.8°C).Combustible liquids are subdivided as fol- CONTINUOUS GAS-DETECTION SYSTEM is a lows.The category of combustible liquids does not include com- gas-detection system where the analytical instrument is pressed gases or cryogenic fluids. maintained in continuous operation and sampling is performed Class II liquids are those having closed cup flash points at or without interruption. Analysis is allowed to be performed on a above 100°F(37.8°C)and below 140°F(60°C). cyclical basis at intervals not to exceed 30 minutes. Class III-A liquids are those having closed cup flash points at CONTROL AREA is a building or portion of a building within or above 140°F(60°C)and below 200°F(93.3°C). which the exempted amounts of hazardous materials are allowed to be stored,dispensed,used or handled. Class III-B liquids are those liquids having closed cup flash CONVERSION OIL BURNER is a burner for field points at or above 200°F(93.3°C). installation in heating appliances such as boilers and furnaces.It is COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATTER includes magazines; allowed to be furnished with or without a primary safety control. books;trimmings from lawns,trees or flower gardens;pasteboard Under special circumstances,it is allowed to be installed for firing boxes; rags; paper; straw; sawdust; packing material; shavings; ovens, water heaters, ranges, special furnaces and the like. A boxes; rubbish; and refuse that will ignite through contact with burner of this type is allowed to be a pressure-atomizing gun type, flames of ordinary temperatures. a horizontal or vertical rotary type, or a mechanical or natural COMMODITY is a combination of products, packing draft-vaporizing type. materials and containers. CONVERSION RANGE OIL BURNER is an oil burner designed to burn kerosene,range oil or similar fuel.It is intended COMPRESSED GAS is a material, or mixture of materials, primarily for installation in a stove or range, a portion or all of which: which was originally designed to utilize solid fuel and to which a 1. Is a gas at 68°F(20°C)or less at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)of flue is connected. pressure,and CORROSIVE is a chemical that causes visible destruction of, 2. Has a boiling point of 68°F(20°C)or less at 14.7 psia(101.3 or irreversible alterations in,living tissue by chemical action at the kPa)which is either liquefied,nonliquefied or in solution,except site of contact.A chemical is considered to be corrosive if,when those gases which have no other health or physical hazard proper- tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the method described ties are not considered to be compressed until the pressure in the in Appendix A to C.F.R. 49, Part 173, it destroys or changes exceeds 41 psia 282.5 kPa at 68°F 20°C irreversibly the structure of the tissue at the site of contact packaging p ( ) ( )' following an exposure period of four hours. This term does not The states of a compressed gas are categorized as follows: refer to action on inanimate surfaces. 1. Nonliquefied compressed gases are gases,other than those CORROSIVE LIQUID is a liquid which,when in contact with in solution,which are in a packaging under the charged pressure living tissue, will cause destruction or irreversible alteration of and are entirely gaseous at a temperature of 68°F(20°C). such tissue by chemical action.Examples include acidic,alkaline or caustic materials. 2. Liquefied compressed gases are gases which in a packaging COVERED MALL BUILDING is a single building enclosing under the charged pressure are partially liquid at a temperature of 68°F(20°C). a number of tenants and occupancies such as retail stores,drinking and dining establishments, entertainment and amusement facili- 3. Compressed gases in solution are nonliquefied gases which ties,offices, and other similar uses wherein two or more tenants are dissolved in a solvent. have a main entrance into the mall. 1-12 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 204 206 CRUDE PETROLEUM is a hydrocarbon mixture that has a area will not be closer than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from the stand or B flash point below 150°F (65.6°C) and which has not been pro- building.Dispersal area capacity shall be determined by allowing B cessed in a refinery. 3 square feet(0.28 m2)of net clear area per person. B CRYOGENIC FLUID is a fluid that has a normal boiling point DISTILLERY is a plant or a portion of a plant where liquids below—150°F(-101.1°C). produced by fermentation are concentrated and where the CRYOGENIC VESSEL is a pressure vessel, low-pressure concentrated products are also allowed to be mixed, stored or tank or atmospheric tank designed to contain a cryogenic fluid on packaged. which venting,insulation,refrigeration or a combination of these DOT is the United States Department of Transportation. is used in order to maintain the operating pressure within the de- DRY CLEANING is the process of removing dirt, grease, sign pressure and the contents in a liquid phase. paints and other stains from wearing apparel,textiles,fabrics,rugs CURTAIN BOARD is a structure arranged to limit the spread or other material by the use of nonaqueous liquid solvents. It of smoke and heat along the ceiling.Curtain boards are sometimes includes the process of dyeing clothes or other fabrics or textiles in referred to as draft curtains. a solution of dye colors and nonaqueous liquid solvents. CUT-OFF STORAGE is indoor storage which is separated DUST.See definition of COMBUSTIBLE DUST. from other building areas by not less than a two-hour fire-resistive DWELLING is any building or portion thereof which contains B occupancy separation. not more than two dwelling units. B B CYLINDER is a pressure vessel designed for pressures higher DWELLING UNIT is any building or portion thereof which B than 40 psia(275.6 kPa)and having a circular cross section.It does contains living facilities, including provisions for sleeping, B not include a portable tank,multiunit tank car tank,cargo tank or eating,cooking and sanitation as required by the Building Code, B tank car. for not more than one family,or a congregate residence of 10 or B less persons. B SECTION 205—D SECTION 206—E DEA is the Drug Enforcement Administration of the United States Department of Justice. EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR) DEFLAGRATION is an exothermic reaction, such as the SPRINKLER is a sprinkler listed for early suppression fast-re- extremely rapid oxidation of a combustible dust or flammable sponse performance. vapor in air, in which the reaction progresses through the ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP is a detonator which consists unburned material at a rate less than the velocity of sound.A defla- of a shell closed at one end.The other end contains electric wires gration can have an explosive effect. which have been sealed into the shell.It contains a charge of deto- DESIGN PRESSURE is the maximum gage pressure that a nating compound which is ignited or initiated by applying electric pressure vessel,device,component or system is designed to with- current to the wires protruding from the detonator. stand safely under the temperature and conditions of use expected. ELECTRICAL CODE is the Electrical Code adopted by this DESIGNATED LANDING AREA is the area over which jurisdiction. See the National Electrical Code, promulgated by the National Fire Protection Association. aerial shells are fired and into which debris and malfunctioning aerial shells can fall. ELECTRICAL FIRING UNIT is the source of electrical current used to ignite electric matches. Generally,the firing unit DETACHED STORAGE is storage in a separate building or in will have switches to control the routing of the current to various an outside area located away from all structures. firework items and will have a test circuit and warning indicators. DETONATING CORD is a flexible cord containing a center ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED is a container core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives. holding powder coating material which is aerated from below so Examples of brand names of detonating cord include"A"Cord, as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material which Detacord, E-Cord, Primacord, Primaline, Primex and is electrically charged with a charge opposite to the charge of the Scotch-Cord. object to be coated. Such object is transported through the DETONATION is an exothermic reaction characterized by the container immediately above the charged and aerated materials in presence of a shock wave in a material which establishes and order to be coated. maintains the reaction.The reaction zone progresses through the EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM is a system to provide in- material at a rate greater than the velocity of sound.The principal dication and warning of emergency situations involving hazard- I heating mechanism is one of shock compression. Detonations ous materials and summon appropriate aid. have an explosive effect. ENCAPSULATED is a method of packaging consisting of DETONATOR is a component, such as a blasting cap or an a plastic sheet completely enclosing the sides and top of a pallet electric blasting cap, in an explosive train which is capable of load. The term encapsulated does not apply to banding or initiating detonation in a subsequent high explosive component. individual plastic-enclosed items inside a large nonplastic- DIP TANK is a tank, vat or container of flammable or enclosed container. combustible liquid in which articles or materials are immersed for EXCESS FLOW CONTROL is a fail-safe system designed to the purpose of coating,finishing,treating or similar processes. shut off flow due to a rupture in pressurized piping systems. DISPENSING is the pouring or transferring of a material from EXCESS FLOW VALVE is a valve inserted into a compressed a container,tank or similar vessel whereby vapors,dusts,fumes, gas cylinder, portable tank or stationary tank that is designed to mists or gases could be liberated to the atmosphere. positively shut off the flow of gas in the event that its predeter- B DISPERSAL AREA, SAFE, is an area which will mined flow is exceeded. B accommodate a number of persons equal to the total capacity of EXECUTIVE BODY is the governing body of the jurisdiction B the stand and building which it serves such that a person within the adopting this code. 1-13 206 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 207 EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE is an appliance or piece of FIRE is the combustion of material other than deliberate com- equipment which consists of a top,a back and two sides providing bustion for cooking,heating,recreation,incineration or purposes a means of local exhaust for capturing gases,fumes,vapors and incidental to normal operation of a property. mists. Such enclosures include laboratory hoods, exhaust fume FIRE APPARATUS is a vehicle such as a fire pumper,aerial hoods and similar appliances and equipment used to locally retain ladder truck, elevated platform, rescue squad or similar and exhaust the gases, fumes, vapors and mists that could be firefighting or rescue equipment. released. Rooms or areas provided with general ventilation, in FIRE APPLIANCE is apparatus or equipment provided or themselves, are not exhausted enclosures. installed for use in the event of an emergency. e EXIT COURT is a court or yard which provides access to a FIRE ASSEMBLY is the assembly of a fire door,fire window B public way for one or more required exits. or fire damper, including all required hardware, anchorage, EXPANDED PLASTIC is a foamed or cellular plastic mate- frames and sills. rial having a reduced density based on the presence of numerous FIRE BARRIER is a line or barricade designed to keep unau- small cavities or cells dispersed throughout the material. thorized persons out of the area of a fire. EXPLOSION is an effect produced by the sudden violent ex- FIRE DEPARTMENT is a regularly organized fire depart- pansion of gases,which may be accompanied by a shock wave or ment, fire protection district or fire company regularly charged disruption,or both,of enclosing materials or structures.An explo- with the responsibility of providing fire protection to the jurisdic- sion could result from tion. 1. Chemical changes such as rapid oxidation, deflagration or FIRE DEPARTMENT INLET CONNECTION is a connec- B detonation, decomposition of molecules and runaway polymer- tion through which the fire department can pump water into a B ization(usually detonations); standpipe system,or sprinkler system. 2. Physical changes such as pressure tank ruptures;or FIRE DOOR is a fire-resistive door approved for openings in fire separations. 3. Atomic changes(nuclear fission or fusion). FIRE HAZARD is any thing or act which increases or could EXPLOSIVE is cause an increase of the hazard or menace of fire to a greater de- gree than that customarily recognized as normal by persons in the 1. A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous re- public service regularly engaged in preventing, suppressing or lease of pressure,gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock, extinguishing fire or any thing or act which could obstruct,delay, pressure,or high temperatures,or hinder or interfere with the operations of the fire department or the 2. A material or chemical, other than a blasting agent,that is egress of occupants in the event of fire. commonly used or intended to be used for the purpose of produc- FIRE NUISANCE is any thing or act which is annoying,un- ing an explosive effect and is regulated by Article 77. pleasant,offensive or obnoxious because of fire. EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS are explosives, blasting agents FIRE POINT is the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open and detonators including,but not limited to,dynamite and other container at which a specimen will sustain burning for five sec- high explosives;slurries,emulsions and water gels;black powder onds, as determined in accordance with Section 9003, Stand- and pellet powder; initiating explosives; detonators or blasting and a.4.5. caps; safety fuses;squibs; detonating cord; igniter cord; igniters FIRE SEPARATION is construction of rated fire resistance or and fireworks, 1.3G(Class B special fireworks). the maintenance of clear areas to resist the spread of fire. EXTENSION CORD is a portable flexible cord of any length FIRE-RESISTIVE or FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUC- which has one male connector on one end and one or more female TION is construction to resist the spread of fire,details of which connectors on the other,and no built-in overcurrent protection. are specified in the Building Code. EXTRAHIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE is FIRE-RESISTIVE RATING is the time that the material or storage on racks of Class I,II,III or IV commodities which exceed construction will withstand the standard fire exposure as 40 feet(12192 mm)in height and storage on racks of high-hazard determined by a fire test made in conformity with the standard commodities which exceed 30 feet(9144 mm)in height. methods of fire tests of buildings,construction and materials in the Building Code. SECTION 207—F FIREWORKS,1AG(Class C,Common)are small firework devices designed primarily to produce visible or audible effects by FABRICATION AREA(Fab Area)is an area within a semi- combustion and which comply with the construction, chemical conductor fabrication facility and related research and develop- composition and DOT labeling requirements for fireworks, 1AG ment areas in which there are processes using hazardous (Class C,common fireworks). production materials.Such areas are allowed to include ancillary FIREWORKS,1.3G(Fireworks,Special,Class B)are large rooms or areas such as dressing rooms and offices that are directly fireworks designed primarily to produce visible or audible effects related to the fab area processes. by combustion,deflagration or detonation.Fireworks,1.3G(spe- FACILITY(as applied to access and water supply)is a building cial fireworks)include, but are not limited to, firecrackers con- or use in a fixed location including exterior storage areas for flam- taining more than 2 grains (130 milligrams) of explosive mable and combustible substances and hazardous materials,piers, composition,aerial shells containing more than 40 grams of pyro- technic composition and other display pieces which exceed the wharves,tank farms and similar uses. limits for classification as 1AG(Class C,common fireworks). FAIR is an enterprise principally devoted to the exhibition of Special fireworks formerly classified as Class B explosives are products of agriculture or industry in connection with the now classified as fireworks, 1.3G by DOT. operation of amusement rides or devices,or concession booths. FISSILE MATERIAL is a radioisotope which could undergo FALSE ALARM is the deliberate reporting of an alarm for a nuclear fission reaction and is usually found at reactor sites or as which no such fire or emergency actually exists. part of a nuclear weapon. 1-14 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 207 208 FIXED GROUND PIECE is a ground display piece having no FLASH POINT is the minimum temperature corrected to a movable parts,such as a revolving wheel. pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute(101.4 kPa)at FLAME ARRESTER is a device approved for installation in "Which the application of a test flame causes the vapors of a portion piping which carries a flammable vapor/air mixture to prevent a of the sample to ignite under the conditions specified by appropri- flashback beyond the point of installation and installed in a ate test procedures and apparatus as follows: location specifically approved by a listing agency. The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity less than 5.5 centi- stokes at 104°F (37.8°C), or below 9.5 centistokes at 77°F FLAME RETARDANT is an approved chemical, chemical (25°C),and a flash point below 200°F(93.3°C)is determined in compound or mixture which,when applied in an approved manner accordance with Section 9003,Standard a.4.3. to any fabric or other material,will render such fabric or material incapable of supporting combustion. The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity greater than 5.5 centistokes or more at 104°F(37.8°C),or greater than 9.5 centis- FLAME-RESISTANT MATERIAL is material that has been tokes at 77°F(25°C)or which have a tendency to form a surface modified in its chemical composition by impregnation,coating or film, is determined in accordance with Section 9003, Stand- has inherent composition that makes the material resistant to and a.4.6. ignition and combustion when exposed to a small ignition source. As an alternate,paints,enamels,lacquers,varnishes and related FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID is a cryogenic fluid products having flash points between 32°F (0°C) and 230°F which is flammable in its vapor state. (110°C)and having a viscosity less than 150 centistokes at 77°F FLAMMABLE GAS is any material which is a gas at 68°F (25°C) may be determined in accordance with Section 9003, (20°C)or less at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)of pressure[a material has a Standard a.4.12. boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa)] FLEXIBLE CORD is multiconductor flexible sheathed cable which: which is used for extension cords, as the connection means for appliances, and for permanent use by connecting pieces of 1. Is ignitable at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)when in a mixture of 13 equipment or devices to each other or to the premises wiring percent or less by volume with air,or system where flexibility or portability is required. 2. Has a flammable range at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)with air of at FLEXIBLE JOINT is either a swing joint or a flexible connec- least 12 percent,regardless of the lower limit. for for use on underground piping to prevent breakage of pipe or The limits specified shall be determined at 14.7 psi(101.3 kpa) loosening of pipe fittings due to movement,thermal expansion or of pressure and a temperature of 68°F(20°C)in accordance with other stress. nationally recognized standards.See Article 90,Standard a.4.9. FLOOR AREA is the area included within the surrounding B exterior walls of a building or portion thereof,exclusive of vent B FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS is a liquefied compressed shafts and courts.The floor area of a building,or portion thereof, B gas which under the charged pressure is partially liquid at a not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable B temperature of 68°F(20°C)and which is flammable. area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. B FLAMMABLE LIQUID is a liquid having a closed cup flash FLUIDIZED BED is a container holding powder coating point below 100°F(37.8°C).The category of flammable liquids material which is aerated from below so as to form an does not include compressed gases or cryogenic fluids. Flam- air-supported expanded cloud of such material through which the mable liquids are further categorized into a group known as Class I preheated object to be coated is immersed and transported. liquids.The Class I category is subdivided as follows: FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING is a structure B B Class I-A liquids include those having a flash point below 73°F that is used for tiered seating of persons, and having an overall B (22.8°C)and having a boiling point below 100°F(37.8°C). shape and size may be reduced without being dismantled, for B purposes of moving or storing. B Class I-B liquids include those having a flash point below 73°F B (22.8°C)and having a boiling point at or above 100°F(37.8°C). FOOTBOARDS are that part of a raised seating facility other B than an aisle or cross aisle upon which the occupant walks to reach B Class I-C liquids include those having a flash point at or above a seat. B 73°F(22.8°C)and below 100°F(37.8°C). FUEL BREAK is a strip or block of land on which the FLAMMABLE MATERIAL is vegetation has been permanently modified so that fires burning 1. A material that will readily ignite from common sources of into it will not propagate across it. heat,and FUEL OIL is kerosene or any hydrocarbon oil conforming to nationally recognized standards and having a flash point not less 2. A material that will ignite at a temperature of 600°F than 100°F(37.8°C). (315.6°C)or less. FUMIGANT is a substance which,by itself or in combination FLAMMABLE SOLID is a solid substance, other than one with other substances,emits or liberates a gas,fume or vapor used which is defined as a blasting agent or explosive,that is liable to for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, vermin, germs, cause fire through friction or as a result of retained heat from rodents or other pests. Fumigants are distinguished from manufacture, which has an ignition temperature below 212°F insecticides and disinfectants. (100°C), or which burns so vigorously or persistently when FUMIGATION is a process using a fumigant. ignited that it creates a serious hazard.Flammable solids include finely divided solid materials which when dispersed in air as a cloud could be ignited and cause an explosion. SECTION 208—G FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES are the concentration GARAGE is a building or portion thereof in which a motor ve- B of flammable constituents in air that exceed 10 percent of their hicle containing flammable or combustible liquids or gas in its B lower flammability limit(LFL). tank is stored,repaired or kept. B 1-15 208 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 209 BGARAGE,PRIVATE,is a building or a portion of a building, toxic or highly toxic materials,reproductive toxins,irritants,cor- B not more than 1,000 square feet(92.9 m2)in area,in which only rosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, B motor vehicles used by the tenants of the building or buildings on agents which act on the hematopoietic system,and agents which B the premises are stored or kept. damage the lungs,skin,eyes or mucous membranes. B GARAGE,PUBLIC,is any garage other than a private garage. HEATING AND COOKING APPLIANCE is an electric,gas GAS CABINET is a fully enclosed,noncombustible enclosure or oil-fired appliance not intended for central heating. used to provide an isolated environment for compressed gas cylin- HELIPORT is an area of land or water or a structure surface ders in storage or use.Doors and access ports for exchanging cyl- which is used,or intended for use,for the landing and take-off of inders and accessing pressure-regulating controls are allowed to helicopters,and any appurtenant areas which are used,or intended • be included. for use,for heliport buildings and other heliport facilities. GAS ROOM is a separately ventilated,fully enclosed room in HELISTOP is the same as a heliport,except that no refueling, which only compressed gases and associated equipment and sup- maintenance, repairs or storage of helicopters is permitted. plies are stored or used. HIGH EXPLOSIVE is explosive material,such as dynamite, GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSE is a detached which can be caused to detonate by means of a No.8 test blasting cap when unconfined. building or a separate portion of a building used for storage or HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIAL is a material which produces a warehousing operations involving mixed commodities. lethal dose or lethal concentration which falls within any of the B GRANDSTANDS are tiered or stepped seating facilities following categories: B wherein an area of more than 3 square feet(0.28 m2)is assigned 1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LDSp) of 50 B for each person when computing the occupant load. milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when GROUND PIECE is a pyrotechnic device that functions on the administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 ground.Ground pieces include fountains,roman candles,wheels grams each. and set pieces. 2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 B GUEST is any person hiring or occupying a room for living or milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when B sleeping purposes. administered by continuous contact for 24 hours,or less if death GUNPOWDER is any of various powders used in firearms and occurs within 24 hours, with the bare skin of albino rabbits small arms ammunition as propelling charges. weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each. 3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration(LC50)in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor,or 2 SECTION 209—H milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume or dust, when ' HANDLING is the deliberate movement of material by any administered by continuous inhalation for one hour, or less if death occurs within one hour,to albino rats weighing between 200 means to a point of storage or use. and 300 grams each. HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL REACTION is a reaction Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such as which generates pressure or byproducts which could cause injury, water,might not warrant classification as highly toxic.While this illness or harm to humans,domestic animals,livestock or wildlife. system is basically simple in application, any hazard evaluation HAZARDOUS FIRE AREA is land which is covered with which is required for the precise categorization of this type of ma- grass,grain brush or forest,whether privately or publicly owned, terial shall be performed by experienced, technically competent which is so situated or is of such inaccessible location that a fire persons. originating upon such land would present an abnormally difficult HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUID is a liquid with a boiling point job of suppression or would result in great and unusual damage of less than 68°F(20°C). through fire or resulting erosion.Such areas are designated by the HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE is storage of chief on a map maintained in the office of the chief. combustible materials in closely packed piles or combustible HAZARDOUS MATERIALS are those chemicals or materials on pallets,in racks or on shelves where the top of storage substances which are physical hazards or health hazards as is greater than 12 feet(3658 mm)in height.When required by the defined and classified in Article 80 whether the materials are in chief,high-piled combustible storage also includes certain high- usable or waste condition. hazard commodities,such as rubber tires,Group A plastics,flam- HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM) is a mable liquids,idle pallets and similar commodities,where the top solid,liquid or gas associated with semiconductor manufacturing of storage is greater than 6 feet(1829 mm)in height. that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health, flammability or HIGHWAY is a public street or public road. reactivity of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by UFC Standard 79-3 and HOGGED MATERIAL is a mixture of bark,chips, dust or which is used directly in research, laboratory or production other pieces of natural wood by-products. processes which have as their end product materials which are not HORIZONTAL EXIT is a wall which completely divides a hazardous. floor of a building into two or more separate exit-access areas to B HAZARDOUS WATERSHED FIRE AREA is a location afford safety from fire and smoke in the exit-access areas of inci- B within 500 feet (152.4 m) of a forest or brush-, grass- or dent origin. B grain-covered land,exclusive of small individual lots or parcels of HOTEL is any building containing six or more guest rooms B land located outside of a brush-,forest-or grass-covered area. intended or designed to be used,or which are used,rented or hired B HEALTH HAZARD is a classification of a chemical for which out to be occupied,or which are occupied for sleeping purposes by P there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one guests. study conducted in accordance with established scientific princi- HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID is an HPM liquid that is de- ples that acute or chronic health effects could occur in exposed fined as either a Class I flammable or Class II or Class III-A com- persons.Health hazards include chemicals which are carcinogens, bustible liquid. 1-16 17.56.040 UFC Section 209-H Amended—ADD HIGH RISE.High-Rise is any building having floors used for human occupancy located more than 55 feet above the lowest level of Fire Department access. Such buildings shall have fire and life safety systems required by the Building Code. (3317-1/96) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 209 213 HPM ROOM is a room used in conjunction with or serving a SECTION 213—L I Group H,Division 6 Occupancy,where HPM is stored or used and which is classified as a Group H,Division 2,3 or 7 Occupancy. LABELED is equipment or material to which has been at- tached a label, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally HYPERGOLIC MATERIAL is a material which is capable of recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other igniting spontaneously upon contact with another substance. organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling is indicated compliance with SECTION 210—1 nationally recognized standards or tests to determine suitable IDLH(Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health)is a con- usage in a specified manner. centration of airborne contaminants,normally expressed in parts LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas) is a material per million(ppm)or milligrams per cubic meter,which represents which is composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons the maximum level from which one could escape within 30 min- or mixtures of them:propane,propylene,butane(normal butane utes without any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible or isobutane)and butylenes. health effects.This level is established by the National Institute of LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS EQUIPMENT is Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH).If adequate data do not containers,apparatus,piping other than utility distribution piping exist for precise establishment of IDLH data, an independent systems, and equipment pertinent to the storage or handling of certified industrial hygienist, industrial toxicologist or liquefied petroleum gas.Liquefied petroleum gas equipment does appropriate regulatory agency shall make such determination. not include gas-consuming appliances. IME is the Institute of Makers of Explosives. LIQUID is a material that has a melting point which is equal to INCINERATOR is a structure, or portion thereof, container or less than 68°F(20°C)and a boiling point which is greater than device or other appliance designed,used or intended to be used for 68°F(20°C)at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa).When not otherwise ide the disposal of combustible rubbish by burning. fi the term"liquid"includes both flammable and combustible liquids. ds. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS are materials which,when LIQUID STORAGE ROOM is a room classified as a Group in contact with each other,have the potential to react in a manner H, Division 3 Occupancy used for the storage of flammable or that generates heat,fumes,gases or byproducts which are hazard- combustible liquids in a closed condition.See Section 7902.5.11 ous to life or property. for requirements. INERT GASES are argon,helium,krypton,neon,nitrogen and LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE is a Group H,Division 3 xenon. Occupancy used for the storage of flammable or combustible INHABITED BUILDING is a building regularly occupied in liquids in an unopened condition.The quantities of flammable or whole or in part as a habitation for human beings.Inhabited build- combustible liquids stored are not limited.See Section 7902.5.12 ings include churches,schools,railway passenger stations,stores, for requirements. airport terminals for passengers,and other buildings or structures LISTED is equipment or materials included on a list published where people are accustomed to congregate or assemble. Inhab- by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency ited buildings do not include buildings or structures occupied in or other organization concerned with product evaluation that connection with the manufacture,transportation,storage or use of maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or explosives and blasting agents. materials, and whose listing states that equipment or materials INTRAPLANT DISTANCE is the minimum distance per- meet nationally recognized standards and have been tested and mitted between two buildings on an explosives manufacturing found suitable for use in a specified manner. site,when at least one of the buildings contains or is designed to LNG is liquefied natural gas. contain explosives. B LODGING HOUSE is any building or portion thereof contain- B IRRITANT is a chemical which is not corrosive, but which ing not more than five guest rooms where rent is paid in money, B causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemi- goods,labor or otherwise. B cal action at the site of contact. A chemical is a skin irritant if, LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE is the flue space between when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the methods of rows of storage perpendicular to the direction of loading. 16 C.F.R. 1500.41 for four hours'exposure or by other appropriate techniques,it results in an empirical score of 5 or more.A chemi- LOW EXPLOSIVE is explosive material which will burn or cal is an eye irritant if so determined under the procedure listed in deflagrate when ignited. It is characterized by a rate of reaction 16 C.F.R. 1500.42 or other approved techniques. that is less than the speed of sound.Examples of low explosives are black powder,safety fuse,igniters,igniter cord,fuse lighters, fireworks, 1.3G (Class B special fireworks), 1.3, propellants SECTION 211 —J (Class B solid propellants),and fireworks, IAG(Class C common fireworks). JURISDICTION is any state,county,city or town,or district LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT(LFL)is the minimum or other political subdivision adopting this code for use in its concentration of vapor in air at which propagation of flame will jurisdictional area. occur in the presence of an ignition source. LFL is sometimes JURISDICTIONAL AREA is the territory of the state, referred to as LEL or lower explosive limit. county,city or district adopting this code. LOW-PRESSURE TANK is a storage tank designed to with- stand an internal pressure greater than 0.5 psig(3.4 kPa)but not SECTION 212—K greater than 15 psig(103.4 kPa). LUMBER is timber sawn into standardized structural members I No definitions. or boards. 1-17 214 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 216 SECTION 214—M MULTIPLUG ADAPTER is a device that plugs into a recep- tacle and allows that receptacle to supply power to more MAGAZINE is a building or structure used for the storage of appliances or fixtures than that for which it was originally de- explosives. signed,such as cube adapters,strip plugs and multiplug extension MAGNESIUM is the pure metal and alloys of which the major cords. part is magnesium. MULTITHEATER COMPLEX is a building or portion B B MALL is a roofed or covered common pedestrian area within a thereof containing two or more motion picture auditoriums that B B covered mall building which serves as access for two or more are served by a common lobby. B tenants and may have three levels that are open to each other. SECTION 215—N MANUAL STOCKING METHODS are those methods uti- lizing ladders or other nonmechanical equipment to move stock. NESTING is a method of securing cylinders upright in a tight mass using a contiguous three-point contact system whereby all MANUFACTURER'S INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS cylinders within a group have a minimum of three points of con- are printed instructions included with equipment as part of the tact with other cylinders,walls or bracing. conditions of a listing. NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. MASS-DETONATING EXPLOSIVES are high explosives, NONCOMBUSTIBLE as applied to building construction B black powder,certain propellants,certain pyrotechnics and other material means a material which,in the form in which it is used,is B similar explosives,alone or in combination,or loaded into various either one of the following: B types of ammunition or containers,most of which can be expected B to explode virtually instantaneously when a small portion is 1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when sub- B subjected to fire, severe concussion, impact, the impulse of an jected to fire.Any material conforming to UBC Standard 2-1 shall B ibl b d idere noncombustible.initiating agent,or the effect of a considerable discharge of energy be cons B from without. Such an explosive will normally cause severe 2. Material having a structural base of noncombustible materi- B structural damage to adjacent objects. Explosive propagation al as defined in Item 1 above,with a surfacing material not over 1/8 B could occur immediately to other items of ammunition and explo- inch(3.2 mm)thick which has a flame-spread rating of 50 or less. B sives stored sufficiently close to and not adequately protected "Noncombustible" does not apply to surface finish materials. B from the initially exploding pile with a time interval short enough Material required to be noncombustible for reduced clearances to B so that two or more quantities must be considered as one for flues, heating appliances or other sources of high temperature B quantity/distance(Q/D)purposes. shall refer to material conforming to Item 1.No material shall be B MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET(MSDS)is written or classed as noncombustible which is subject to increase in B printed material concerning a hazardous material which is combustibility or flame-spread rating, beyond the limits herein e prepared in accordance with the provisions of 29 C.F.R. established, through the effects of age, moisture or other E 1910.1200. atmospheric condition. B B MCA is the Manufacturing Chemists Association. Flame-spread rating as used herein refers to rating obtained ac- B cording to tests conducted as specified in UBC Standard 8-1. B B MEANS OF EGRESS is an exit system which provides a con- NONFLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE is an atmosphere in B tinuous,unobstructed and undiminished path of exit travel from which the concentration of flammable constituents in air do not B any occupied point in a building or structure to a public way. exceed 10 percent of their lower flammability limit(LFL). MECHANICAL CODE is the Mechanical Code adopted by NORMAL TEMPERATURE PRESSURE (NTP) is a tem- this jurisdiction.See the Uniform Mechanical Code,promulgated perature of 70°F(21.1°C)and a pressure of 1 atmosphere [14.7 by the International Conference of Building Officials. psia(101.3 kPa)]. MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS are the stocking methods utilizing motorized vehicles or hydraulic jacks to move SECTION 216—O stock. OCCUPANCY is the purpose for which a building or part B MORTAR is a tube from which aerial shells are fired. thereof is used or intended to be used. e MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATION, OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION.For the purpose of this s AIRCRAFT, is that portion of an airport or heliport where code,certain occupancies are defined as follows: B flammable or combustible liquids used as aircraft fuel are stored Group A Occupancies: B and dispensed from fixed automotive-type dispensing equipment B Group A Occupancies include the use of a building or structure, B into fuel tanks of an aircraft and shall include all facilities essential or a portion thereof,for the gathering together of 50 or more per- B thereto. sons for purposes such as civic,social or religious functions;rec- B MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATION, reation, education or instruction; food or drink consumption; or 6 AUTOMOTIVE,is that portion of property where flammable or awaiting transportation.A room or space used for assembly pur- B combustible liquids or gases used as motor fuels are stored and poses by less than 50 persons and accessory to another occupancy B dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor shall be included as a part of that major occupancy. Assembly B vehicles. occupancies shall include the following: B MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATION, Division 1. A building or portion of a building having an B MARINE, is that portion of property where flammable or assembly room with an occupant load of 1,000 or more and a P combustible liquids or gases used as fuel for watercraft are stored legitimate stage. e and dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, Division 2.A building or portion of a building having an assem- B floats or barges into the fuel tanks of watercraft and shall include bly room with an occupant load of less than 1,000 and a legitimate B all other facilities used in connection therewith. stage. B 1-18 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 216 B Division 2.1.A building or portion of a building having an as- Group F Occupancies: B e B sembly room with an occupant load of 300 or more without a legit Group F Occupancies shall include the use of a building or B B imate stage, including such buildings used for educational B structure,or a portion thereof,for assembling,disassembling,fab- B B purposes and not classed as Group B or E Occupancies. ricatin finishing, manufacturing packaging, repair or roces- B B g> g b P g b, P P B Division 3.A building or portion of a building having an assem- sing operations that are not classified as Group H Occupancies. B B bly room with an occupant load of less than 300 without a legiti- Factory and industrial occupancies shall include the following: B B mate stage, including such buildings used for educational Division 1. Moderate-hazard factory and industrial occupan- B B purposes and not classed as Group B or E Occupancies. cies shall include factory and industrial uses which are not classi- B B Division 4. Stadiums, reviewing stands and amusement park fied as Group F, Division 2 Occupancies, but are not limited to B B structures not included within other Group A Occupancies. facilities producing the following: B s 1. Aircraft. B Group B Occupancies: B B 2. Appliances. B B Group B Occupancies shall include buildings, structures, or B B portions thereof,for office, professional or service-type transac- 3. Athletic equipment. B B tions,which are not classified as Group H Occupancies.Such oc- 4. Automobiles and other motor vehicles. B B cupancies include occupancies for the storage of records and B B accounts, and eating and drinking establishments with an occu- 5. Bakeries. B B B pant load of less than 50.Business occupancies shall include,but 6. Alcoholic beverages. B B not be limited to,the following: B B 7. Bicycles. B B 1. Animal hospitals,kennels,pounds. B B p P 8. Boats. B B 2. Automobile and other motor vehicle showrooms. 9. Brooms and brushes. B B3. Banks. 10. Business machines. B B 4. Barber shops. 11. Canvas or similar fabric. B e B 5. Beauty shops. 12. Cameras and photo equipment. B B6. Car washes. 13. Carpets and rugs,including cleaning. B B 7. Civic administration. 14. Clothing. B B 8. Outpatient clinic and medical offices (where five or less 15. Construction and agricultural machinery. B B patients in a tenant space are incapable of unassisted self-pres- 16. Dry cleaning and dyeing. B B e ervatlOn). B B B 9. Dry cleaning pick-up and delivery stations and self-serv- B 18. Engines,including rebuilding. B B ice. B 19. Photographic film. B B 10. Educational occupancies above the 12th grade. B 20. Food processing. B B 11. Electronic data processing. B 21. Furniture. B B12. Fire stations. B B 22. Hemp products. B B 13. Florists and nurseries. B B 23. Jute products. B B14. Laboratories-testing and research. 24. Laundries. B B 15. Laundry pick-up and delivery stations and self-service. 25. Leather products. B s B 16. Police stations. 26. Machinery. B B17. Post offices. 27. Metal. B B 18. Print shops. 28. Motion pictures and television filming and videotaping. B B 19. Professional services such as attorney,dentist, physician, 29. Musical instruments. B Bengineer. 30. Optical goods. B B20. Radio and television stations. 31. Paper mills or products. B B21. Telephone exchanges. 32. Plastic products. B B Group E Occupancies: 33. Printing or publishing. B B Group E Occupancies shall be: 34. Recreational vehicles. B B 35. Refuse incineration. B B Division 1. Any building used for educational purposes B B through the 12th grade by 50 or more persons for more than 12 36. Shoes. B B hours per week or four hours in any one day. B B 37. Soaps and detergents. B B Division 2. Any building used for educational purposes 38. Tobacco. B B through the 12th grade by less than 50 persons for more than 12 B B hours per week or four hours in any one day. 39. Trailers. B B 40. Wood,distillation. B e Division 3. Any building or portion thereof used for day-care B B purposes for more than six persons. 41. Millwork(sash and door). B 1-19 216 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE B 42. Woodworking,cabinet. Division 3 Occupancies also include uses in which the quantity B B Division 2. Low-hazard factory and industrial occupancies of material in the building in excess of those listed in Table B B 8001.15-A presents a high physical hazard, including, but not B B shall include facilities producing noncombustible or nonexplo- B limited to: B B sive materials which,during finishing,packing or processing,do B B not involve a significant fire hazard,including,but not limited to, 1. Class II,III or IV organic peroxides. B Bthe following: 2. Class 1 or 2 oxidizers. B B 1. Nonalcoholic beverages. 3. Class I,II or III-A flammable or combustible liquids which B B 2. Brick and masonry. are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems and B B containers or systems pressurized at 15-pounds-per-square-inch B B 3. Ceramic products. (103.4 kPa)gage or less,and aerosols. B B 4. Foundries. 4. Class III-B combustible liquids. B B5. Glass products. 5. Pyrophoric liquids or solids. B B6. Gypsum. 6. Class 1 or 2 water-reactive materials. B B 7. Ice. 7. Flammable solids in storage. B B8. Steel products-fabrication and assembly. 8. Flammable or oxidizing cryogenic fluids(other than inert). B B 9. Class I unstable (reactive) gas or Class 2 unstable B B Group H Occupancies: B B (reactive) materials. B BGroup H Occupancies shall include buildings or structures,or 10. Storage of Class I AG(Class C Common)fireworks. B B portions thereof,that involve the manufacturing,processing,gen- B B eration or storage of materials that constitute a high fire,explosion Division 4. Repair garages not classified as Group S,Division B B or health hazard. Group H Occupancies shall be: 3 Occupancies. B B Division 5. Aircraft repair hangars not classified as Group S, B B Division 1. Occupancies with a quantity of material in the B B Division 5 Occupancies and heliports. B B building in excess of those listed in Table 8001.15-A which pre- B B sent a high explosion hazard,including,but not limited to: Division 6.Semiconductor fabrication facilities and compara- B B 1. Explosives, blasting agents, Class 1.3G (Class B Special) ble research and development areas in which hazardous produc- B B tion materials (HPM) are used and the aggregate quantity of B B fireworks and black powder. B B EXCEPTIONS: 1.Storage and the use of pyrotechnic special ef- 7903.2-B,8001.15-A or 8001.15-B. B B feet materials in motion picture,television,theatrical and group enter- B B tainment production when under permit as required by the Fire Code. Division 7.Occupancies having quantities of materials in ex- B B The time period for storage shall not exceed 90 days. cess of those listed in Table 8001.15-B that are health hazards,in- B B 2.Indoor storage and display of smokeless powder,black sporting eluding: B B powder,and primers or percussion caps exceeding the exempt amounts 1. Corrosives. B B for Group M retail sales need not be classified as a Group H,Division B B I Occupancy where stored and displayed in accordance with the Fire EXCEPTION:Stationary lead-acid battery systems. B B Code. 2. Toxic and highly toxic materials. B B 2. Manufacturing of Class I AG(Class C Common)fireworks. 3. Irritants. B B3. Unclassified detonatable organic peroxides. 4. Sensitizers. B B 4. Class 4 oxidizers. 5. Other health hazards. B B5. Class 4 or Class 3 detonatable unstable(reactive)materials. Group I Occupancies: B B Division 2. Occupancies where combustible dust is manufac- Group I Occupancies shall be: B B tured,used or generated in such a manner that concentrations and Division 1.1.Nurseries for the full-time care of children under B B conditions create a fire or explosion potential;occupancies with a the age of six(each accommodating more than five children). B B quantity of material in the building in excess of those listed in Hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with nonambulatory B B Table 8001.15-A,which present a moderate explosion hazard or a patients and similar buildings (each accommodating more than B B hazard from accelerated burning,including,but not limited to: five patients). B B1. Class I organic peroxides. Division 1.2. Health-care centers for ambulatory patients re- B B ceiving outpatient medical care which may render the patient in- B 2. Class 3 nondetonatable unstable(reactive)materials. B capable of unassisted self-preservation (each tenant space B B 3. Pyrophoric gases. accommodating more than five such patients). B B4. Flammable or oxidizing gases. Division 2.Nursing homes for ambulatory patients,homes for B B children six years of age or over(each accommodating more than B B 5. Class I,11 or III-A flammable or combustible liquids which B t; five patients or children). B B are used or stored in normally open containers or systems,or in B B closed containers or systems pressurized at more than Division 3.Mental hospitals,mental sanitariums,jails,prisons, B B 15-pounds-per-square-inch(103.4 kPa)gage. reformatories and buildings where personal liberties of inmates B B are similarly restrained. B B EXCEPTION:Aerosols. B B EXCEPTION: Group I Occupancies shall not include buildings B B 6. Class 3 oxidizers. used only for private residential purposes for a family group. B B 7. Class 3 water-reactive materials. Group M Occupancies: B B Division 3. Occupancies where flammable solids, other than Group M Occupancies shall include buildings, structures, or B B combustible dust,are manufactured,used or generated. portions thereof,used for the display and sale of merchandise,and B 1-20 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 216 B involving stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to 16. Gypsum board. B B such purposes and accessible to the public. Mercantile occupan- B 17. Inert pigments. B B cies shall include,but are not limited to,the following: B B 18. Meats. B B 1. Department stores. 19. Metal cabinets. B B 2. Drug stores. B 20. Metal furniture. B B 3. Markets. 21. Oil-filled distribution transformers. B B 4. Paint stores without bulk handling. B B 22.Stoves. B B 5. Shopping centers. B 23.Washers. B B 6. Sales rooms. Division 3.Division 3 Occupancies shall include repair garages B B7. Wholesale and retail stores. where work is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance B B requiring no open flame or welding,motor vehicle fuel-dispens- B Group R Occupancies B ing stations,and parking garages not classified as Group S,Divi- B B Group R Occupancies shall be: sion 4 open parking garages or Group U private garages. B BDivision 1.Hotels and apartment houses. Division 4. Open parking garages as set forth in the Building B B Congregate residences(each accommodating more than 10 per- Code.(See UBC Section 311.) B B sons). Division 5.Aircraft hangars where work is limited to exchange B B Division 2.Not used. of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame or welding and B B helistops. B B Division 3.Dwellings and lodging houses. B B Group U Occupancies: B B Congregate residences (each accommodating 10 persons or B B less). Group U Occupancies shall include buildings or structures,or B B portions thereof,and shall be: B B Group S Occupancies: B B Division 1. Private garages, carports, sheds and agricultural B B Group S Occupancies shall include the use of a building or buildings. B B structure,or a portion thereof,for storage not classified as a haz- B B ardous occupancy.Stora e occupancies shall include the follow- EXCEPTION: Where applicable in accordance with the Building B Bg P Code(see UBC Section 101.3 for agricultural buildings.See also UBC B B ing: Appendix Chapter 3). B B Division 1.Moderate hazard storage occupancies shall include Division 2.Fences over 6 feet(1829 mm)high,tanks and tow- B B buildings or portions of buildings used for storage of combustible ers. B Bmaterials that are not classified as a Group S,Division 2 or as a OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT is an oil burner of any type to- B Group H Occupancy. gether with its tank,piping,wiring,controls and related devices. B Division 2. Low-hazard storage occupancies shall include Oil-burning equipment includes oil burners, oil-fired units and B buildings,structures,or portions thereof,used for storage of non- heating and cooking appliances but does not include equipment B combustible materials, such as products on wood pallets or in exempted by Section 6101. B paper cartons with or without single-thickness divisions, or in B paper wrappings and shall include ice plants, power plants and OIL-FIRED UNIT is a heating appliance equipped with one or B um in lants.Such products may have a negligible It tble amount of more oil burners and the necessary safety controls, electrical B pumping g p p y g g equipment and related equipment manufactured for assembly as a B plastic trim such as knobs,handles or film wrapping.Low-hazard complete unit.Oil-fired unit does not include kerosene stoves or Boil occupancies shall include,but are not limited to,storage of oil stoves. B the following items: B OPEN BURNING is the burning of a bonfire,rubbish fire or B 1. Beer or wine(in metal,glass or ceramic containers). other fire in an outdoor location where fuel being burned is not B 2. Cement in bags. contained in an incinerator, outdoor fireplace, barbecue grill or B 3. Cold storage and creameries. barbecue pit. B OPEN-AIR GRANDSTANDS and BLEACHERS are seat- B B 4. Dairy products in nonwax-coated paper containers. B B ing facilities which are located so that the side toward which the B B 5. Dry-cell batteries. audience faces is unroofed and without an enclosing wall.See also B B 6. Dryers. Section 203 for BLEACHERS. B 7. Dry pesticides in a building not classified as a Group H Oc- OPERATING LINE is a group of separated operating build- cupancy. ings of specific arrangement used in the assembly,modification, reconditioning, renovation, maintenance, inspection, surveil- 8. Electrical coils. lance,testing or manufacturing of explosives. B 9. Electrical insulators. ORGANIC COATING is a liquid mixture of binders,such as B 10. Electrical motors. alkyd, nitrocellulose, acrylic or oil and flammable and B combustible solvents such as hydrocarbon,ester,ketone or alco- B 11. Empty cans. hol,which when spread in a thin film converts to a durable protec- B 12. Foods in noncombustible containers. tive and decorative finish. B B 13. Fresh fruits in nonplastic trays or containers. ORGANIC PEROXIDE is an organic compound that contains B the bivalent-0-0-structure and which may be considered to be a B 14. Frozen foods. structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of B 15. Glass bottles(empty or filled with nonflammable liquids). the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an organic radical.Or- 1-21 216 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 217 ganic peroxides can present an explosion hazard (detonation or airborne contaminant. The maximum permitted time-weighted deflagration)or they can be shock sensitive.They can also decom- average exposures to be utilized are those published in 29 C.F.R. pose into various unstable compounds over an extended period of 1910.1000. time. PEROXIDE-FORMING CHEMICAL is a chemical which, OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. when exposed to air, will form explosive peroxides which are OTHER HEALTH HAZARD MATERIAL is a hazardous shock,pressure or heat sensitive. material which affects target organs of the body,including,but not PERSON is a natural person, heirs, executors,administrators B limited to, those materials which produce liver damage,kidney or assigns,and also includes a firm,partnership or corporation,its B damage, damage to the nervous system, act on the blood to or their successors or assigns,or the agent of any of the aforesaid. B decrease hemoglobin function,deprive the body tissue of oxygen, PERSON,AMBULATORY,is one who is capable of leaving a or affect reproductive capabilities,including mutations(chromo- fire area within a reasonable length of time without assistance of somal damage)or teratogens(effects on fetuses). any kind in event of an emergency. OWNER includes persons having vested or contingent interest PERSON,NONAMBULATORY,is one who is incapable of in the property in question and their duly authorized agents or at- leaving a fire area within a reasonable length of time without assis- tomeys,purchasers,devisees and fiduciaries. tance in event of an emergency. OXIDIZER is a material,other than a blasting agent or explo- PESTICIDE is a substance or mixture of substances,including sive, that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that fungicides, intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible mitigating pests and substances or a mixture of substances materials. Oxidizer liquids and solids are subdivided as follows: intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant. Class 4:An oxidizer that can undergo an explosive reaction due Products defined as drugs in the Federal Food,Drug and Cosmetic to contamination or exposure to thermal or physical shock. In Act are not pesticides. addition,the oxidizer will enhance the burning rate and may cause PHYSICAL HAZARD is a classification of a chemical for spontaneous ignition of combustible materials. which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible Class 3: An oxidizer that will cause a severe increase in the liquid, compressed gas, cryogenic, explosive, flammable gas, burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes in con- flammable liquid, flammable solid, organic peroxide, oxidizer, tact or that will undergo vigorous, self-sustained decomposition Pyrophoric,unstable(reactive),or water-reactive material. due to contamination or exposure to heat. PLUMBING CODE is the Plumbing Code adopted by this Class 2:An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in the jurisdiction. burning rate or that may cause spontaneous ignition of combus- PORTABLE TANK is any packaging over 60 U.S. gallons tible materials with which it comes in contact. (227.1 L)capacity and designed primarily to be loaded into or on Class 1:An oxidizer whose primary hazard is that it slightly in- or temporarily attached to a transport vehicle or ship and equipped with skids,mounting or accessories to facilitate handling of the creases the burning rate but does not cause spontaneous ignition tank by mechanical means.It does not include any cylinder having when it comes in contact with combustible materials. less than a 1,000-pound (453.5 kg) water capacity, cargo tank, tank car tank or trailers carrying cylinders of over 1,000-pound SECTION 217—P (453.5 kg)water capacity. PACKAGING is a receptacle and other components or materi- POWER TAP is a device for indoor use consisting of an attach- als necessary for the receptacle to perform its containment func- ment plug on one end of a flexible cord and two or more recep- tion. Packaging includes, but is not limited to, containers, tacles on the opposite end,and has overcurrent protection. cylinders, and portable and stationary tanks. POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK is a forklift, tractor, PANELBOARD,ELECTRICAL,is a single panel,or group platform lift truck or motorized hand truck powered by an electri- of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel, cal motor or internal combustion engine. Powered industrial with automatic overcurrent devices and with or without switches trucks do not include farm vehicles or automotive vehicles for for the control of light,heat or power circuits,and designed to be highway use. placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall or par- PRESSURE DELIVERY SYSTEM and REMOTE tition and accessible only from the front.See SWITCHBOARD, PUMPING SYSTEM are methods of transferring flammable or ELECTRICAL. combustible liquids from underground storage tanks to the fuel B tanks of motor vehicles when the pump is located elsewhere than B PANIC HARDWARE is a door-latching assembly incorporat- in the dispenser. B ing an unlatching device,the activation portion of which extends B across at least one half the width of the door leaf on which it is in- PRESSURE VESSEL is a closed vessel designed to operate at B stalled. pressures above 15 psig(103.4 kPa). PARADE FLOAT is a unit especially designed or constructed PRIMARY CONTAINMENT is the first level of contain- for use in conjunction with a parade or public gathering. ment, consisting of the inside portion of that container which comes into immediate contact on its inner surface with the PERCUSSION CAP is a device used to ignite the powder material being contained. charge of small arms ammunition. PRIVATE STAIRWAY is a stairway serving one tenant only. B B PERMANENT STANDS are those seating facilities which re- PROCESSING PLANT is that portion of a property in which B main at a location for more than 90 days. flammable or combustible liquids or materials are mixed,heated, PERMANENT WIRING is wiring affixed to a structure in ac- separated or otherwise processed as principal business. cordance with the Electrical Code. Processing plants do not include refineries. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT(PEL)is the maximum PROPELLANT is the liquefied or compressed gas in an permitted eight-hour time-weighted average concentration of an aerosol container that expels the contents from an aerosol 1-22 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 217 220 container when the valve is actuated.A propellant is considered mm)or less in height for pleasure,religious,ceremonial,cooking flammable if it forms a flammable mixture with air,or if a flame is or similar purposes. self-propagating in a mixture with air. REDUCED FLOW VALVE is a valve equipped with a re- PROPRIETARY INFORMATION is information regarding stricted flow orifice and inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, compounds or ingredients used in a process or production which portable tank or stationary tank that is designed to reduce the max- does not qualify as trade secrets but which provides an industry or imum flow from the valve under full flow conditions.The maxi- business with a competitive advantage. mum flow rate from the valve is determined with the valve PSIA is pounds per square inch,absolute. allowed to flow to atmosphere with no other piping or fittings at- tached. PUBLIC CONVEYANCE is any railroad car,street car,cab, REFINERY is a plant in which flammable or combustible bus, airplane or other vehicle which is carrying passengers for liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, hire. natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources. PUBLIC NUISANCE is the existence of dry and drying REFRIGERANT is the fluid used for heat transfer in a refrig- weeds,rubbish and waste material on property,lands or premises erating system; the refrigerant absorbs heat and transfers it at a which is dangerous or injurious to that or neighboring property, higher temperature and a higher pressure,usually with a change of lands or premises and which is detrimental to the welfare of the state. occupants or residents of the vicinity. REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM. See PRESSURE DELIV- B PUBLIC WAY is any street, alley or similar parcel of land ERY SYSTEM. B essentially unobstructed from the ground to the sky which is B deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR is a liquid solvent B public for public use and having a clear width of not less than container which is completely enclosed against evaporative losses B 10 feet(3048 mm). to the atmosphere during nonuse periods, except for a solvent return opening not larger than 16 square inches (10 323 mm2). PYROPHORIC is a chemical that will spontaneously ignite in Such return allows pump-cycled used solvent to drain back into air at or below a temperature of 130°F(54.5°C). the reservoir from a separate solvent sink or work area. PYROTECHNIC OPERATOR is an individual approved to The reservoir is allowed to be integral to the parts-cleaning be responsible for pyrotechnics,pyrotechnic special effects mate- machine it services or separate and connected by hoses, tubing, rials or both. piping or similar devices. PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL REPAIR is the reconstruction or renewal of any part of an B (special effects)is a low explosive material,other than detonating existing building for the purpose of its maintenance. B cord, commonly used in motion picture, television, theatrical or RETAIL DISPLAY AREA is the area of a Group M Occu- group entertainment production for which a permit from the chief is required for use or storage. panty open for the purpose of viewing or purchasing merchandise offered for sale. Individuals in such establishments are free to circulate among the items offered for sale which are typically SECTION 218—0 displayed on shelves,racks or the floor. No definitions. RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCY is the occupancy or use of a building or structure or any portion thereof for displaying,selling or buying of goods,wares or merchandise. SECTION 219—R REVIEWING STANDS are elevated platforms accommo- B RACK STORAGE is a combination of vertical,horizontal and dating not more than 50 persons.Seating facilities,if provided,are B diagonal members that support stored materials. Racks are normally in the nature of loose chairs. Reviewing stands B allowed to be fixed or portable.See Article 81. accommodating more than 50 persons shall be regulated as B grandstands. RADIATION SOURCE MATERIALS, COMMON, are ROOM. See LIQUID STORAGE ROOM and see Section radioisotopes, other than fissile materials, commonly used in 7903.2.3 for construction requirements for rooms where flam- various medical and industrial testing and measuring situations. mable or combustible liquids are used, dispensed or mixed in RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL is a material or combination of quantities exceeding exempt amounts. materials that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation. RUBBISH is waste material including, but not limited to, RAILWAY is a steam,electric or other railroad which carries garbage,waste paper and debris from construction or demolition. passengers for hire. REACTIVE MATERIAL is a material which can enter into a SECTION 220—S hazardous chemical reaction with other stable or unstable materials. SAFE DISPERSAL AREA.See DISPERSAL AREA,SAFE. B READY BOX is a storage container for aerial shells at the site SAFETY CAN is an approved container of not over 5-gallon of a fireworks display. (18.9 L)capacity having a spring-closing lid and spout cover. RECEPTACLE is an electrical outlet designed for use with a SAFETY CAP is a paper tube,closed at one end,that is placed plug or connector for the purpose of supplying electrical power to over the end of the fuse of an aerial shell to protect it from acciden- an appliance. tal ignition. RECREATIONAL FIRE is the burning of materials other SAFETY FACTOR is a ratio of the design burst pressure to the than rubbish where fuel being burned is not contained in an incin- maximum working pressure which is not less than four. erator,outdoor fireplace,barbecue grill or barbecue pit and with a SALVAGE VEHICLE is a vehicle which is dismantled for total fuel area of 3 feet(914 mm)or less in diameter and 2 feet(610 parts or awaiting destruction. 1-23 220 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE SCAVENGED GAS is residual process gas that is collected for SPRAY BOOTH is a mechanically ventilated appliance of ' treatment or release at a location remote from the site of use. varying dimensions and construction provided to enclose or ac- SECONDARY CONTAINMENT is that level of containment commodate a spraying operation and to confine and limit the es- that is external to and separate from primary containment. cape of spray vapor and residue and to exhaust it safely. SECURE is safe from intrusion or contained separately to SPRAYING AREA is an area in which dangerous quantities of prevent mixing with other materials. flammable vapors or combustible residues,dusts or deposits are present due to the operation of spraying processes.The chief is au- SEGREGATED is storage in the same room or inside area,but thorized to define the limits of the spraying area in any specific physically separated by distance from incompatible materials. case. SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY is a SPRAYING ROOM is a room designed to accommodate building or portion of a building in which electrical circuits or de- spraying operations complying with the Building Code require- vices are created on solid crystalline substances having electrical ments for a Group H,Division 2 Occupancy. conductivity greater than insulators but less than conductors. SQUIB,ELECTRIC,is a device similar in appearance to an These circuits or devices are commonly known as semiconduc- electric blasting cap which,upon activation by an electric current, tors. produces a deflagration instead of a detonation. SENSITIZER is a chemical that causes a substantial STANDPIPE SYSTEM is a wet or dry system of piping, B proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic valves outlets and related equipment designed to provide water at a reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical. B specified pressures and installed exclusively for the fighting of B B SERVICE CORRIDOR.See Section 5101.4.2. fires,including the following: B SHELF STORAGE is storage on shelves less than 30 inches Class I is a standpipe system equipped with 21/2-inch (63.5 B (762 mm)deep with the distance between shelves not exceeding mm)outlets. B 3 feet(914 mm)vertically. For other shelving arrangements,see Class II is a standpipe system directly connected to a water sup- B the requirements for rack storage. ply and equipped with 11/2-inch(38.1 mm)outlets and hose. B SIMPLE ASPHYXIANT GAS is a gas which does not pro- Class III is a standpipe system directly connected to a water B vide sufficient oxygen to support life and has none of the other supply and equipped with 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)outlets or 21/2-inch B physical or health hazards specified in Section 8002.2.1. (63.5 mm)and 11/2-inch(38.1 mm)outlets when a 11/2-inch(38.1 B SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION is shotgun,rifle,pistol or re- mm)hose is required.Hose connections for Class III systems may B volver cartridges. be made through 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)hose valves with easily re- B SMOKE DETECTOR is an approved listed device which movable 21/2-inch by 11/2-inch(63.5 mm by 38.1 mm)reducers. B senses visible or invisible particles of combustion. STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASS I, is a standpipe system B equipped with 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)outlets. B SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING is seating B served by a means of egress and is not subject to blockage by STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASS II, is a standpipe system B smoke accumulation within or under a structure. directly connected to a water supply and equipped with 11/2-inch SMOKING is the carrying or use of lighted pipe, cigar, (38.1 mm)outlets and hoses. cigarette or tobacco in any form. STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASS III, is a standpipe system directly connected to a water supply and equipped with 21/2-inch SMOKING MATERIAL is a material or combination of (63.5 mm)outlets or 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)and 1 /2-inch(38.1 mm) materials intended for use by generating products of combustion. outlets when a 11/2-inch(38.1 mm)hose is required.Hose connec- Smoking materials include cigars, cigarettes, materials used in tions are allowed to be through 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)hose valves pipes, and smoke bombs. with easily removable 21/2-inch by 11/2-inch(63.5 mm by 38.1 SOLID is a material which has a melting point or decomposes mm)reducers. at a temperature greater than 68°F(20°C). STATIONARY TANK is packaging designed primarily for SOLID SHELVING is shelving that is solid,slatted or of other stationary installations not intended for loading,unloading or at- construction located in racks and which obstructs sprinkler tachment to a transport vehicle as part of its normal operation in discharge down into the racks. the process of use.It does not include cylinders having less than SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT is an appliance which re- 1,000-pound(453.5 kg)water capacity. ceives contaminated flammable or combustible liquids and dis- STORAGE FACILITY is a building,portion of a building or tills the contents to remove contaminants and recover the solvents. exterior area used for the storage of hazardous materials in excess SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE is an ex- of exempt amounts specified in Section 8001.15. plosive power-pack containing an explosive charge in the form of STREET is any thoroughfare or public way not less than 16 feet B a cartridge or construction device. The term includes,but is not (4877 mm)in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the B limited to,explosive rivets,explosive bolts,explosive charges for public for public use. B driving pins or studs, cartridges for explosive-actuated power STRUCTURE is that which is built or constructed,an edifice B tools and charges of explosives used in jet tapping of open-hearth or building of any kind,or any piece of work artificially built up or B furnaces and jet perforation of oil well casings. composed of parts joined together in some definite manner. B SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL HIGH-EXPLOSIVE MATER- SWITCHBOARD,ELECTRICAL,is a large floor-mounted IALS are sheets,extrusions,pellets and packages of high explo- single panel,frame or assembly of panels on which are mounted, sives containing dynamite, trinitrotoluol, penaerythritoltetran- on the face or back or both,switches,overcurrent and other protec- itrate,cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine or other similar compounds tive devices,buses and usually instruments.Most modern switch- used for high-energy-rate forming,expanding and shaping in met- boards, even though totally enclosed, are generally accessible al fabrication and for dismemberment and quick reduction of from the rear as well as from the front,and are not intended to be scrap metal. installed in cabinets.See PANELBOARD,ELECTRICAL. 1-24 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 220 222 SYSTEM is an assembly of equipment consisting of a contain- SECTION 222—U er or containers, appurtenances, pumps, compressors and con- necting piping. UFC STANDARDS is the 1997 edition of the Uniform Fire Code, Volume 2,published by the International Fire Code Insti- tute. UL is Underwriters Laboratories Inc. SECTION 221 —T UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE is a release or emission of TANK is a vessel containing more than 60 gallons(227 L). materials in a manner which does not conform to the provisions of this code or applicable public health and safety regulations. TANK VEHICLE is a vehicle other than a railroad tank car or UNSTABLE (Reactive)LIQUID is a chemical which in the boat,with a cargo tank mounted thereon or built as an integral part pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously thereof used for the transportation of flammable or combustible polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive liquids, LP-gas, or hazardous chemicals. Tank vehicles include under conditions of shock,pressure or temperature. self-propelled vehicles and full trailers and semitrailers,with or without motive power,and carrying part or all of the load. UNSTABLE(Reactive)MATERIAL is a material,other than an explosive,which in the pure state or as commercially produced TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURE is an air-in- will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense or become flated,air-supported,cable,or frame-covered structure as defined self-reactive and undergo other violent chemical changes, by the Building Code,which is erected for less than 180 days and including explosion,when exposed to heat,friction or shock,or in not otherwise defined as a tent,canopy or awning. See Uniform the absence of an inhibitor or in the presence of contaminants or in Building Code Appendix Chapter 31. contact with noncompatible materials.Unstable,reactive materi- als are subdivided as follows: s TEMPORARY SEATING FACILITIES are those which are e intended for use at a location for not more than 90 days. Class 4:Materials which,in themselves,are readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at TEMPORARY WIRING is wiring installed in an approved normal temperatures and pressures.This class includes materials manner for a specific period when approved by the authority which are sensitive to mechanical or localized thermal shock at enforcing the Electrical Code. normal temperatures and pressures. TENT is a temporary structure,enclosure or shelter constructed Class 3: Materials which,in themselves,are capable of detona- of fabric or pliable material supported by any manner except by air tion or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but or the contents it protects. which require a strong initiating source or which must be heated under confinement before initiation.This class includes materials TEST BLASTING CAP NO. 8 is a blasting cap containing which are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated 2 grams of a mixture of 80 percent mercury fulminate and 20 temperatures and pressures. percent potassium chlorate or a cap of equivalent strength. Class 2:Materials which,in themselves,are normally unstable THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING is the use of insec- and readily undergo violent chemical change but do not detonate. ticidal liquids which are passed through thermal-fog-generating This class includes materials which can undergo chemical change u With rapid release of energy at normal temperatures and pressures nits where they are,by means of heat,pressure and turbulence, transformed and discharged in the form of fog or mist that is blown and which can undergo violent chemical change at elevated tem- into the area to be treated. peratures and pressures. Class 1: Materials which, in themselves, are normally stable TOXIC MATERIAL is a material which produces a lethal but which can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pres- dose or a lethal concentration within any of the following sures. categories: USBM is the United States Bureau of Mines. 1. A chemical or substance that has a median lethal dose USE(Material)is: (LD50)of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered 1. Placing a material into action,including solids,liquids and orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. gases,or 2. A chemical or substance that has a median lethal dose 2. Making a material available for service by opening or (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more connecting anything utilized for confinement of material includ- than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when ing solids,liquids and gases. administered by continuous contact for 24 hours,or less if death USE,CLOSED SYSTEM,is use of a solid or liquid hazardous occurs within 24 hours, with the bare skin of albino rabbits material in a closed vessel or system that remains closed during weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each. normal operations where vapors emitted by the product are not lib- erated outside of the vessel or system and the product is not ex- 3. A chemical or substance that has a median lethal concentra- posed to the atmosphere during normal operations,and all uses of tion(LC50)in air more than 200 parts per million but not more than compressed gases.Examples of closed systems for solids and liq- 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor,or more than uids include reaction process operations and product conveyed two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter through a piping system into a closed vessel, system or piece of of mist,fume or dust,when administered by continuous inhalation equipment. for one hour,or less if death occurs within one hour,to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. USE, OPEN SYSTEM, is use of a solid or liquid hazardous material in a vessel or system that is continuously open to the at- TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE is the space between rows of mosphere during normal operations and where vapors are liber- storage parallel to the direction of loading. ated,or the product is exposed to the atmosphere during normal 1-25 222 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 227 operations. Examples of open systems for solids and liquids in- VEHICLE FUELING APPLIANCE is a listed natural gas clude dispensing from or into open beakers or containers,and dip compressor package,not containing storage designed for the unat- tank and plating tank operations. tended dispensing of natural gas into the fuel tanks of motor ve- hicles. SECTION 223—V VENT-RELEASE CONTAINER is an aerosol container which is designed to provide a controlled venting of the base prod- VAPOR AREA is an area containing flammable vapors.The uct and propellant at a nominal hydrostatic pressure of less than chief is authorized to determine the extent of the vapor area,taking 210 psig(1447 kPa). into consideration the characteristics of the liquid, the degree of sustained ventilation and the nature of operations. SECTION 224—W VAPOR BALANCE SYSTEM is a system designed to capture and retain,without processing,vapors displaced during the filling WAREHOUSE. See definitions of LIQUID STORAGE of tanks and containers or during the fueling of vehicles. WAREHOUSE and AEROSOL WAREHOUSE. VAPOR PRESSURE is the pressure exerted by a volatile fluid WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL is material which ex- as determined in accordance with Section 9003,Standard a.4.7. plodes;violently reacts;produces flammable,toxic or other haz- ardous gases; or evolves enough heat to cause self-ignition or VAPOR-PROCESSING SYSTEM is a system designed to ignition of nearby combustibles upon exposure to water or mois- capture and process vapors displaced during filling operations at ture. motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations,bulk plants or terminals by use of mechanical or chemical means.Examples include systems Water-reactive materials are subdivided as follows: using blower-assist for capturing vapors and refrigeration Class 3:Materials which react explosively with water without absorption and combustion systems for processing vapors. requiring heat or confinement. VAPOR-PROCESSING UNIT is the actual vapor-processing Class 2:Materials which may form potentially explosive mix- equipment in one contiguous unit in an isolated or separated area. tures with water. Vapor-processing units do not include in-line flame arresters, Class 1• Materials which may react with water with some re- in-line fire checks,pressure vacuum valves,in-line check valves lease of energy,but not violently. or flow regulators at the dispenser. VAPOR-RECOVERY SYSTEM is a system designed to cap- SECTION 225—X ture and retain,without processing,vapors displaced during fill- ing operations at motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations, bulk No definitions. plants or terminals. Examples include balanced-pressure vapor displacement systems and vacuum-assist systems without vapor SECTION 226—Y processing. VAPOR-TRANSFER EQUIPMENT is the components of a YARD WASTE FACILITY is a facility in which yard waste vapor-processing system, a vapor balance system, or other ap- from trees, brush and other natural materials is processed into proved system which is designed to capture,transfer and prevent chips or hogged material. emissions of vapors or liquids displaced during filling of tanks or containers or during the fueling of vehicles.Examples include the SECTION 227—Z vapor/liquid-dispensing nozzle, vapor-transfer lines and tank vents. No definitions. 1-26 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 901 902.2.2.1 PART III GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR SAFETY ARTICLE 9- FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS AND WATER SUPPLY SECTION 901 —GENERAL 901.4.5 Street or road signs. When required by the chief,streets and roads shall be identified with approved signs. 901.1 Scope. Fire department access and water supply shall be in accordance with Article 9. 901.5 Obstruction and Control of Fire Apparatus Access Roads and Fire-protection Equipment. See Sections 902.2.4 For firesafety during construction,alteration or demolition of a and 1001.7. building,see Article 87. 901.6 Fire Protection in Recreational Vehicle,Mobile Home 901.2 Permits and Plans. and Manufactured Housing Parks, Sales Lots and Storage Lots. Recreational vehicle, mobile home and manufactured 901.2.1 Permits. A permit is required to use or operate fire hy- housing parks,sales lots and storage lots shall provide and main- drants or valves intended for fire-suppression purposes which are tain fire hydrants and access roads in accordance with Sections installed on water systems and accessible to public highways, 902 and 903. alleys or private ways open to or generally used by the public.See Section 105,Permit f.1. EXCEPTION: Recreational vehicle parks located in remote areas shall be provided with protection and access roadways as required by EXCEPTION: A permit is not required for persons employed and the chief. authorized by the water company which supplies the system to use or operate fire hydrants or valves. SECTION 902—FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS 901.2.2 Plans. 902.1 General. Fire department access roads shall be provided 901.2.2.1 Fire apparatus access. Plans for fire apparatus access and maintained in accordance with Sections 901 and 902. roads shall be submitted to the fire department for review and ap- 902.2 Fire Apparatus Access Roads. proval prior to construction. 902.2.1 Required access. Fire apparatus access roads shall be 901.2.2.2 Fire hydrant systems. Plans and specifications for provided in accordance with Sections 901 and 902.2 for every fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department for facility,building or portion of a building hereafter constructed or review and approval prior to construction. moved into or within the jurisdiction when any portion of the facility or any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of the 901.3 Timing of Installation. When fire protection, including building is located more than 150 feet (45 720 mm) from fire fire apparatus access roads and water supplies for fire protection, apparatus access as measured by an approved route around the is required to be installed, such protection shall be installed and exterior of the building or facility.See also Section 902.3 for per- made serviceable prior to and during the time of construction. sonnel access to buildings. EXCEPTION: When alternate methods of protection, as EXCEPTIONS: 1.When buildings are completely protected with approved, are provided, the requirements of Section 901.3 may be an approved automatic fire sprinkler system,the provisions of Sections modified or waived. 902.2.1 and 902.2.2 may be modified by the chief. 901.4 Required Marking of Fire Apparatus Access Roads, 2.When access roads cannot be installed due to location on property, Addresses and Fire-protection Equipment. topography,waterways,nonnegotiable grades or other similar condi- tions,the chief is authorized to require additional fire protection as spe- 901.4.1 General. Marking of fire apparatus access roads, cified in Section 1001.9. addresses and fire-protection equipment shall be in accordance 3.When there are not more than two Group R,Division 3,or Group with Section 901.4. U Occupancies,the requirements of Sections 902.2.1 and 902.2.2 may be modified by the chief. 901.4.2 Fire apparatus access roads. When required by the More than one fire apparatus road shall be provided when it is chief,approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided determined by the chief that access by a single road might be im- and maintained for fire apparatus access roads to identify such paired by vehicle congestion,condition of terrain,climatic condi- roads and prohibit the obstruction thereof or both. tions or other factors that could limit access. 901.4.3 Fire-protection equipment and fire hydrants. Fire- For high-piled combustible storage,see Section 8102.6.1. protection equipment and fire hydrants shall be clearly identified For required access during construction, alteration or demoli- in an approved manner to prevent obstruction by parking and other tion of a building,see Section 8704.2. obstructions. 902.2.2 Specifications. When required by the chief, hydrant locations shall be 902.2.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an identified by the installation of reflective markers. unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm)and an un- See also Section 1001.7. obstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches(4115 mm). 901.4.4 Premises identification. Approved numbers or ad- EXCEPTION: Vertical clearance may be reduced,provided such dresses shall be provided for all new and existing buildings in such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs a position as to be plainly visible and legible from the street or road are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clear- fronting the property. ante when approved. 1-27 902.2.2.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 903.4.1.2 Vertical clearances or widths shall be increased when, in the appearance shall have a sign affixed to the exterior side of such opinion of the chief,vertical clearances or widths are not adequate door stating THIS DOOR BLOCKED.The sign shall consist of to provide fire apparatus access. letters having principal stroke of not less than /4 inch(19.1 mm) wide and at least 6 inches (152.4 mm) high on a contrasting 902.2.2.2 Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed background. Required fire department access doors shall not be and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and obstructed or eliminated.See Section 1207 for exit and exit-access shall be provided with a surface so as to provide all-weather driv- doors. ing capabilities. For access doors for high-piled combustible storage, see 902.2.2.3 Turning radius. The turning radius of a fire apparatus Section 8102.6.2. access road shall be as approved. 902.3.3 Shaftway marking. Exterior windows in buildings 902.2.2.4 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in used for manufacturing or for storage purposes which open excess of 150 feet(45 720 mm)in length shall be provided with directly on shaftways or other vertical means of communication approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus. between two or more floors shall be plainly marked with the word 902.2.2.5 Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as part SHAFTWAY in red letters at least 6 inches(152.4 mm)high on a of a fire apparatus access road, it shall be constructed and White background.Warning signs shall be easily discernible from maintained in accordance with nationally recognized standards. the outside of the building. Door and window openings on such See Article 90,Standard a.1.1.The bridge shall be designed for a shaftways from the interior of the building shall be similarly live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. marked with the word SHAFTWAY in a manner which is easily visible to anyone approaching the shaftway from the interior of the Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges building,unless the construction of the partition surrounding the when required by the chief. shaftway is of such distinctive nature as to make its purpose 902.2.2.6 Grade. The gradient for a fire apparatus access road evident at a glance. shall not exceed the maximum approved. 902.4 Key Boxes. When access to or within a structure or an area 902.2.3 Marking. See Section 901.4. is unduly difficult because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life-saving or firefighting 902.2.4 Obstruction and control of fire apparatus access. purposes, the chief is authorized to require a key box to be installed in an accessible location.The key box shall be of an ap- 902.2.4.1 General. The required width of a fire apparatus access proved type and shall contain keys to gain necessary access as road shall not be obstructed in any manner,including parking of required by the chief. vehicles. Minimum required widths and clearances established under Section 902.2.2.1 shall be maintained at all times. Entrances to roads,trails or other accessways which have been SECTION 903—WATER SUPPLIES AND FIREHYDRANTS closed with gates and barriers in accordance with Section 902.2.4.2 shall not be obstructed by parked vehicles. 903.1 General. Water supplies and fire hydrants shall be in 902.2.4.2 Closure of accessways. The chief is authorized to re- accordance with Sections 901 and 903. quire the installation and maintenance of gates or other approved 903.2 Required Water Supply for Fire Protection. An ap- barricades across roads,trails or other accessways,not including proved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow public streets,alleys or highways. for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which fa- When required, gates and barricades shall be secured in an cilities, buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter con- approved manner.Roads,trails and other accessways which have structed or moved into or within the jurisdiction. When any been closed and obstructed in the manner prescribed by Section portion of the facility or building protected is in excess of 150 feet 902.2.4.2 shall not be trespassed upon or used unless authorized (45 720 mm)from a water supply on a public street,as measured by the owner and the chief. by an approved route around the exterior of the facility or building, on-site fire hydrants and mains capable of supplying the required EXCEPTION:Public officers acting within their scope of duty. fire flow shall be provided when required by the chief.See Sec- Locks,gates,doors,barricades,chains,enclosures,signs,tags tion 903.4. or seals which have been installed by the fire department or by its order or under its control shall not be removed, unlocked, 903.3 Type of Water Supply. Water supply is allowed to consist destroyed,tampered with or otherwise molested in any manner. of reservoirs,pressure tanks,elevated tanks,water mains or other fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow.In set- public officers acting within their scope of duty.EXCEPTION: When authorized by the chief or performed by ting the requirements for fire flow, the chief may be guided by 902.3 Access to Building Openings. Appendix III-A. 903.4 Fire Hydrant Systems. 902.3.1 Required access. Exterior doors and openings required by this code or the Building Code shall be maintained readily 903.4.1 General. accessible for emergency access by the fire department. 903.4.1.1 Applicability. Fire hydrant systems and fire hydrants An approved access walkway leading from fire apparatus shall be in accordance with Section 903.4. access roads to exterior openings required by this code or the Building Code shall be provided when required by the chief. 903.4.1.2 Testing and maintenance. Fire hydrant systems shall be subject to such periodic tests as required by the chief. Fire 902.3.2 Maintenance of exterior doors and openings. Exte- hydrant systems shall be maintained in an operative condition at rior doors or their function shall not be eliminated without prior all times and shall be repaired where defective.Additions,repairs, approval by the chief. Exterior doors which have been rendered alterations and servicing shall be in accordance with approved nonfunctional and which retain a functional door exterior standards. 1-28 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 903.4.1.3 903.4.4 903.4.1.3 Tampering and obstruction. See Sections 1001.6 tus by roads meeting the requirements of Section 902.2. and 1001.7. 903.4.3 Protection, marking and obstruction of hydrants. 903.4.2 Required installations. The location,number and type Fire hydrants subject to possible vehicular damage shall be ade- of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of delivering quately protected with guard posts in accordance with Section the required fire flow shall be provided on the public street or on 8001.11.3.For marking,see Section 901.4.3.For obstruction,see the site of the premises or both to be protected as required and ap- Section 1001.7. proved. See Appendix III-B. 903.4.4 Maintenance and use of hydrants. See Sections Fire hydrants shall be accessible to the fire department appara- 1001.5 and 1001.6.2. 1-29 17.56.045 UFC Section 902.2.2.1 Amended—Fire Apparatus Access Dimensions. (3317-1/96) (a) Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than twenty-four(24') feet (7315 mm) and an obstructed vertical clearance of not less than thirteen (13') feet six (6") inches (4115 mm). Fire access streets, drives or roads adjacent to building fronts in commercial centers shall be not less than twenty-seven (27') (8230 mm) feet wide. (3317-1/96) EXCEPTION: Upon approval by the fire chief, vertical clearance may be reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance. (3317-1/96) 17.56.046 UFC Section 902.4 Amended—Key Boxes/Gates. When access to or within a structure or an area is unduly difficult because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life-saving or firefighting purposes, the fire chief is authorized to require a key box to be installed in an accessible location. The key box shall be of a type approved by the chief and shall contain keys to gain necessary access as required by the fire chief. On all electric vehicle gates leading to required fire department access lanes, an approved fire department key switch and an approved strobe light receiver (residential developments only-refer to City Specification #403) shall be installed and tested by the fire department. In the event of a power failure, the gate shall be automatically transferred to a fail safe mode allowing the gate to be pushed open without the use of special knowledge or any equipment. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1001 1001.5.4 ARTICLE 10—FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT SECTION 1001 —GENERAL shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times,and shall 1001.1 Scope. Fire-protection systems and equipment shall be be replaced or repaired where defective. L C in accordance with Article 10 [for SFMJ and the appropriate Fire-protection or fire-extinguishing systems coverage and L C standards and guides adopted in Chapter 35 of the California spacing shall be maintained according to original installation L C Building Code and the California Electrical Code. See also standards..Such systems shall be extended,altered or augmented Appendix II-C. as necessary to maintain and continue protection whenever any building so equipped is altered,remodeled or added to.Additions, Fire-protection equipment and systems shall be installed and repairs,alterations and servicing shall be in accordance with rec- maintained in buildings under construction in accordance with ognized standards. Article 87. 1001.5.1.1[For SFM] Afire alarm system and its devices shall C L 1001.2 Definitions. For definitions of ALARM CONTROL be under the supervision of a qualified person as defined in NFPA C L UNIT, ALARM-INITIATING DEVICE, ALARM SIGNAL, 72, Section 7-1.2.2, who shall cause proper tests to be made and A L ALARM-SIGNALING DEVICE,ALARM SYSTEM,ALARM shall have general charge of the system. Fire alarm system control C L ZONE,ANNUNCIATOR,AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISH- equipment and the devices connected to the control equipment C L ING SYSTEM,FACILITY,FIRE DEPARTMENT INLET CON- shall be tested in accordance with the appropriate standards in C L NECTION, SMOKE DETECTOR and STANDPIPE SYSTEM, Chapter 35 of the Building Code and the manufacturer's instruc- C L see Article 2. tions. C L EXCEPT/ON:Household fire-warning systems installed in Group C L C R,Division 3 Occupancies may be tested by the owner. A L A The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- C L A tion for applications specified by law for the Office of the State Fire Marshal. 1001.5.1.2 [For SFMJ A satisfactory agreement for periodic C L L A 1001.2a Definitions. For definitions (for SFMJ used in the testing and maintenance of fire alarm systems and extinguishing C L L A application of fire alarm systems, see the appropriate standard systems shall be provided by qualified persons. C L L A adopted in Chapter 35 of the California Building Code. EXCEPTION:Household fire-warning systems installed in Group C L R, Division 3 Occupancies, when approved by the authority having C L jurisdiction. A L 1001.3 Plans. Complete plans and specifications for fire alarm 1001.5.2 Inspection and testing. The chief is authorized to re- systems; fire-extinguishing systems, including automatic sprin- quire periodic inspection and testing for fire sprinkler systems, klers and wet and dry standpipes;halon systems and other special fire hydrant systems,standpipe systems,fire alarm systems,por- types of automatic fire-extinguishing systems;basement pipe in- table fire extinguishers, smoke and heat ventilators, smoke- lets;and other fire-protection systems and appurtenances thereto removal systems and other fire-protection or fire-extinguishing shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval systems or appliances. prior to system installation.Plans and specifications for fire alarm Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and systems shall include,but not be limited to,a floor plan;location tested at least annually. See Appendix III-C.Fire alarm systems of all alarm-initiating and alarm-signaling devices;alarm control- shall be inspected and tested at least at frequencies specified in and trouble-signaling equipment; annunciation; power connec- UFC Standard 10-2. Standpipe systems shall be inspected and tion;battery calculations;conductor type and sizes;voltage drop tested at least every five years. calculations; and manufacturer, model numbers and listing EXCEPTIONS: I.Automatic fire-extinguishing equipment asso- L A information for all equipment,devices and materials,(for SFMJ ciated with commercial cooking operations when in compliance with L A and state fire marshal listing number of all equipment,devices and Section 1006. L C materials requiring listing. 2. Systems in high-rise buildings when in compliance with Sec- 1001.4 Installation Acceptance Testing. Fire alarm systems; tion 1001.5.4. fire hydrant systems;fire-extinguishing systems,standpipes,and Reports of inspections and tests shall be maintained on the other fire-protection systems and appurtenances thereto shall premises and made available to the chief when requested. meet the approval of the fire department as to installation and loca- 1001.5.3 Systems out of service. The chief shall be notified tion and shall be subject to such acceptance tests as required by the when any required fire-protection system is out of service and on chief. restoration of service. Condition of acceptance of halon and clean agent systems shall 1001.5.3.1 Problematic systems and systems out of service. In be satisfactory passage of a test conducted in accordance with the event of a failure of a fire-protection system or an excessive nationally recognized standards prior to final acceptance of the number of accidental activations,the chief is authorized to require system. the building owner or occupant to provide firewatch personnel un- Fire alarm and detection systems shall be tested in accordance til the system is repaired: with UFC Standard 10-2 and nationally recognized standards. Such individuals shall be provided with at least one approved See Section 9003,Standard n.2.5. means for notification of the fire department and their only duty shall be to perform constant patrols of the protected premises and 1001.5 Maintenance,Inspection,Testing and Systems Out of keep watch for fires. Service. 1001.5.4 Systems in high-rise buildings. The owner of a 1001.5.1 Maintenance. Fire sprinkler systems,fire hydrant sys- high-rise building shall be responsible for assuring that the fire- tems, standpipe systems, fire alarm systems, portable fire extin- and life-safety systems required by the Building Code are guishers, smoke and heat ventilators, smoke-removal systems, maintained in an operable condition at all times.Unless otherwise and other fire protective or extinguishing systems or appliances required by the chief, quarterly tests of such systems shall be 1-31 1001.5.4 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1003.1.2 conducted by approved persons. A written record shall be 1001.9 Special Hazards. For occupancies of an especially maintained and shall be made available to the inspection hazardous nature or where special hazards exist in addition to the authority. (See UBC Section 403.) normal hazard of the occupancy,or where access for fire apparatus 1001.5.5 Smoke-control systems. Mechanical smoke-control is unduly difficult, the chief is authorized to require additional systems,such as those in high-rise buildings,buildings containing safeguards consisting of additional fire appliance units,more than atria,covered mall buildings and mechanical ventilation systems one type of appliance, or special systems suitable for theprotection of the hazard involved.Such devices or appliances can utilized in smokeproof enclosures and for smoke-removal consist of automatic fire alarm systems, automatic sprinkler or systems utilized in high-piled combustible storage occupancies, water spray systems, standpipe and hose, fixed or portable fire shall maintained in an operable condition at all times.Unless extinguishers,suitable fire blankets,breathing apparatus,manual otherwise required by the chief, quarterly tests of such systems or automatic covers, carbon dioxide, foam, halogenated or dry shall be conducted by approved persons.A written record shall be chemical or other special fire-extinguishing systems.Where such maintained and shall be made available to the inspection author- systems are provided, they shall be designed and installed in ity. accordance with the applicable Uniform Fire Code Standards.See 1001.6 Tampering with Fire-protection Equipment, Barri- Article 90 and Section 101.3. ers,Security Devices,Signs and Seals. 1001.10 Fire Appliances. The chief is authorized to designate 1001.6.1 Fire department property. Apparatus, equipment the type and number of fire appliances to be installed and and appurtenances belonging to or under the supervision and maintained in and upon all buildings and premises in the control of the fire department shall not be molested, tampered jurisdiction other than private dwellings.This designation shall be with, damaged or otherwise disturbed unless authorized by the based on the relative severity of probable fire, including the chief. rapidity with which it could spread.Such appliances shall be of a type suitable for the probable class of fire associated with such 1001.6.2 Fire hydrants and fire appliances. Fire hydrants and building or premises and shall have approval of the chief. fire appliances required by this code to be installed or maintained shall not be removed,tampered with or otherwise disturbed except SECTION 1002—PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS for the purpose of extinguishing fire, training, recharging or making necessary repairs,or when allowed by the fire department. 1002.1 General. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in When a fire appliance is removed as herein allowed,it shall be re- occupancies and locations as set forth in this code and as required placed or reinstalled as soon as the purpose for which it was re- by the chief. moved has been accomplished. Portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with UFC 1001.6.3 Barriers, security devices, signs and seals. Locks, Standard 10-1. gates, doors, barricades, chains, enclosures, signs, tags or seals 1002.2 Prohibited Types. Vaporizing liquid extinguishers which have been installed by the fire department or by its order or containing carbon tetrachloride or chlorobromomethane shall not under its control shall not be removed,unlocked,destroyed,tam- be installed or used in any location for fire-protection use. pered with or otherwise molested in any manner.See also Sections 103.4.3.3 and 902.2.4.2. Soda-acid,foam,loaded stream,antifreeze and water fire extin- EXCEPTION:When authorized b the chief or guishers of the inverting types shall not be recharged or placed in y performed by pub- lie officers acting within their scope of duty. service for fire-protection use. 1001.6.4 Fire alarms. See Sections 1007.1.2 and 1302. 1002.3 Sale of Defective Fire Extinguishers. Forms, types or kinds of fire extinguishers which are not approved or which are 1001.7 Obstruction and Impairment of Fire Hydrants and not in proper working order,or the contents of which do not meet Fire-protection Equipment. the requirements of this code,shall not be sold or traded. 1001.7.1 General. Posts, fences, vehicles, growth, trash, EXCEPTION: The sale or trade of fire extinguishers to a person storage and other materials or things shall not be placed or kept engaged in the business of selling or handling such extinguishers,and near fire hydrants, fire department inlet connections or the sale or exchange of obsolete or damaged equipment for junk. fire-protection system control valves in a manner that would prevent such equipment or fire hydrants from being immediately SECTION 1003—FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS B discernible.The fire department shall not be deterred or hindered B 1003.1 Installation Requirements. B from gaining immediate access to fire-protection equipment or hydrants. 1003.1.1 General. Fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed B in accordance with the Building Code and Section 1003. B 1001.7.2 Clear space around hydrants. A 3-foot(914.4 mm) B clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of fire Fire hose threads used in connection with fire-extinguishing B hydrants except as otherwise required or approved. systems shall be national standard hose thread or as approved. B The location of fire department hose connections shall be ap- B 1001.7.3 Fire-extinguishing equipment. Class II standpipe proved. B hose stations,Class I and Class III standpipe outlets,and portable B fire extinguishers shall not be concealed,obstructed or impaired. In buildings used for high-piled combustible storage, fire pro- B tection shall be in accordance with Article 81. B 1001.7.4 Fire alarm equipment. Alarm-initiating devices, B alarm-signaling devices and annunciators shall not be concealed, 1003.1.2 Standards. Fire-extinguishing systems shall comply B obstructed or impaired. with the Building Code. (See UBC Standard 9-1.) B B EXCEPTIONS: 1.Automatic fire-extinguishing systems not cov- B 1001.8 Marking of Fire-protection Equipment and Fire ered by the Building Code shall be approved and installed in accord- B Hydrants. Fire-protection equipment and fire hydrants shall be ance with approved standards. B clearly identified in an approved manner to prevent obstruction by 2.Automatic sprinkler systems may be connected to the domestic B parking and other obstructions.See also Section 901.4.3. water-supply main when approved by the building official,provided B 1-32 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1003.1.2 1003.2.4.2 B the domestic water supply is of adequate pressure,capacity and sizing uses exceeds 5,000 square feet(465 m2).For uses to be considered B BB for the combined domestic and sprinkler requirements.In such case, as separated,the separation shall not be less than as required for a B B the sprinkler system connection shall be made between the public wa- one-hour occupancy separation.The area of other uses shall be in- B B ter main or meter and the building shutoff valve,and there shall not be eluded unless separated by at least a one-hour occupancy separa- B B intervening valves or connections. The fire department connection B Bmay be omitted when approved. tion. B B 3.Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R Occupancies four stories 1003.2.3.2 Basements. An automatic sprinkler system shall be B B or less may be in accordance with the Building Code requirements for installed in basements classified as a Group A Occupancy when B B residential sprinkler systems.(See UBC Standard 9-3.) the basement is larger than 1,500 square feet (139 m2) in floor B B 1003.1.3 Modifications. When residential sprinkler systems as area. B B set forth in the Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-3)are pro- 1003.2.3.3 Exhibition and display rooms. An automatic sprin- B B vided, exceptions to, or reductions in, Building Code require- kler system shall be installed in Group A Occupancies which have B B ments based on the installation of an automatic fire-extinguishing more than 12,000 square feet(I H4.8 m2)of floor area which can B B system are not allowed. be used for exhibition or display purposes. B B 1003.2 Required Installations. 1003.2.3.4 Stairs. An automatic sprinkler system shall be in- B B stalled in enclosed usable space below or over a stairway in Group B B 1003.2.1 General. An automatic fire-extinguishing system B B shall be installed in the occupancies and locations as set forth in A,Divisions 2,2.1,3 and 4 Occupancies. B B Section 1003.2. 1003.2.3.5 Multitheater complexes. An automatic sprinkler B B system shall be installed in every building containing a multithe- B B For provisions on special and materials,see B vi l hazards d hazardous til B ater complex. B B Section 1001.9 and Articles 79,80 and 81. B B 1003.2.3.6 Amusement buildings. An automatic sprinkler sys- B B 1003.2.2 All occupancies except Group R, Division 3 and tem shall be installed in all amusement buildings.The main water- B B Group U Occupancies. Except for Group R, Division 3 and flow switch shall be electrically supervised.The sprinkler main B B Group U Occupancies,an automatic sprinkler system shall be in- cutoff valve shall be supervised.When the amusement building is e Bstalled: temporary, the sprinkler water-supply system may be of an ap- B B 1. In every story or basement of all buildings when the floor proved temporary type. B B area exceeds 1,500 square feet(139.4 m2) and there is not pro- EXCEPTION: An automatic sprinkler system need not be pro- B B vided at least 20 square feet(1.86 m2)of opening entirely above vided when the floor area of a temporary amusement building is less B B the adjoining ground level in each 50 lineal feet(15 240 mm)or than I,000 square feet(92.9 mz)and the exit travel distance from any B B fraction thereof of exterior wall in the story or basement on at least point is less than 50 feet(15 240 mm). B B one side of the building.Openings shall have a minimum dimen- 1003.2.3.7 Stages. All stages shall be sprinklered. Such sprin- B B sion of not less than 30 inches(762 mm).Such openings shall be klers shall be provided throughout the stage and in dressing B B accessible to the fire department from the exterior and shall not be rooms,workshops,storerooms and other accessory spaces contig- B e obstructed in a manner that firefighting or rescue cannot be ac- uous to such stages. B BB complished from the exterior. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Sprinklers are not required for stages 1,000 B B When openings in a story are provided on only one side and the square feet(92.9 m2)or less in area and 50 feet(15 240 mm)or less in B B opposite wall of such story is more than 75 feet(22 860 mm)from height where curtains,scenery or other combustible hangings are not g such openings,the story shall be provided with an approved auto- retractable vertically.Combustible hangings shall be limited to a single B B B main curtain,borders,legs and a single backdrop. e B matic sprinkler system, or openings as specified above shall be B B 2.Under stage areas less than 4 feet(1219 mm)in clear height used B B provided on at least two sides of an exterior wall of the story. exclusively for chair or table storage and lined on the inside with B B If any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet(22 860 5/8-inch(16 mm)Type X gypsum wallboard or an approved equal. B B mm) from openings required in Section 1003.2.2, the basement 1003.2.3.8 Smoke-protected assembly seating. All areas B B shall be provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system. enclosed with walls and ceilings in buildings or structures con- BB B 2. At the top of rubbish and linen chutes and in their terminal taming smoke-protected assembly seating shall be protected with B B rooms.Chutes extending through three or more floors shall have an approved automatic sprinkler system. B B additional sprinkler heads installed within such chutes at alternate EXCEPTION:Press boxes and storage facilities less than 1,000 B B floors. Sprinkler heads shall be accessible for servicing. square feet(92.9 m2)in area and in conjunction with outdoor seating B B ici B facilities where all means of egress in the seating area are essentially B B 3. In rooms where nitrate film is stored or handled. See also open to the outside. B BArticle 33. 1003.2.4 Group E Occupancies. B B 4. In protected combustible fiber storage vaults as defined in 1003.2.4.1 General. An automatic fire sprinkler system shall be B BArticle 2.See also Article 28. installed throughout all buildings containing a Group E,Division B B 5. Throughout all buildings with a floor level with an occupant 1 Occupancy. B Bload of 30 or more that is located 55 feet (16 764 mm) or more EXCEPTIONS: 1. When each room used for instruction has at B B above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. least one exterior exit door at ground level and when rooms used for B B assembly purposes have at least one half of the required exits directly B EXCEPTIONS:1. Airport control towers. B B to the exterior ground level,a sprinkler system need not be provided. B 2. Open parking structures. B B 2.When area separation walls,or occupancy separations having a B B 3. Group F,Division 2 Occupancies. fire-resistive rating of not less than two hours subdivide the building B into separate compartments such that each compartment contains an B B 1003.2.3 Group A Occupancies. aggregate floor area not greater than 20,000 square feet(1858 m2),an B B1003.2.3.1 Drinking establishments. An automatic sprinkler automatic sprinkler system need not be provided. B B system shall be installed in rooms used by the occupants for the 1003.2.4.2 Basements. An automatic sprinkler system shall be B B consumption of alcoholic beverages and unseparated accessory installed in basements classified as Group E,Division 1 Occupan- B B uses where the total area of such unseparated rooms and assembly cies. B 1-33 1003.2.4.3 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1003.4 B 1003.2.4.3 Stairs. An automatic fire sprinkler system shall be rooms.Residential or quick-response standard sprinklers shall be B installed in enclosed usable space below or over a stairway in used in the dwelling units and guest room portions of the building. B Group E,Division I Occupancies. B 1003.2.10 Sound stages and solid-ceiling sets and platforms.An A L B 1003.2.5 Group F Occupancies. automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in all permanent A L B sound stages and in all interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 square C L B 1003.2.5.1 Woodworking occupancies. An automatic fire feet(55.7 m2)in area and under platforms over 600 square feet C L B sprinkler system shall be installed in Group F woodworking occu- (55.7 m2)in area which exceed 3 feet(914 mm)in height. C L B panties over 2,500 square feet(232.3 m2)in area that use equip- EXCEPTIONS: 1. When heat detectors are installed beneath C L B ment, machines or appliances which generate fine] divided z A L B Y PP g Y solid-ceiling sets over 600 syuure feet(55.7 m )in area and under plat- C L B combustible waste or which use finely divided combustible mate- farms(when provided)over 600 square feet(55.7 m2)in area which ex- C L B rials. teed 3.feet(914 mm)in height. A L BThe detectors shall be spaced 30 feet(9144 mm)on center or as A L B 1003.2.6 Group H Occupancies. required by the mamlfacturer' installation instructions. The detectors A L BB shall be connected to an approved and listed central,proprietary or C L B 1003.2.6.1 General. An automatic fire-extinguishing system remote station service or a local alarm which will give mI audible sig- C L B nal at a constantly attended location. Such system shall be installed in A L B shall be installed in Group H,Divisions 1,2,3 and 7 Occupancies. accordance with Article 10. C L A L B 2. Sets with solid-ceilings over 600 square feet(55.7 m2)in area de- C L 1003.2.6.2 Group H, Division 4 Occupancies. An automatic A L B signed to allow the ceilings to be positioned to allow for the operation C L B fire-extinguishing system shall be installed in Group H,Division 4 o the automatic ire sprinkler system a er tlmi,t has been completed A L B Occupancies having a floor area of more than 3,000 square feet f f p y f g p p g q firr the day. A L B (279 m2). 1003.3 Sprinkler System Monitoring and Alarms. B B B B 1003.2.6.3 Group H, Division 6 Occupancies. An automatic 1003.3.1 Where required. All valves controlling the water sup- B B fire-extinguishing system shall be installed throughout buildings ply for automatic sprinkler systems and water-flow switches on all B B containing Group H,Division 6 Occupancies.The design of the sprinkler systems shall be electrically monitored where the num- B B sprinkler system shall not be less than that required under the ber of sprinklers are: B B Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1)for the occupancy hazard B B classifications as follows: 1. Twenty or more in Group I,Divisions L I and 1.2 Occupan- B B ties. B B B B OCCUPANCY HAZARD 2. One hundred or more in all other occupancies. B B LOCATION CLASSIFICATION B B Fabrication areas Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Valve monitoring and water-flow alarm and trouble signals B B Service corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2 shall be distinctly different and shall be automatically transmitted B B Storage rooms without dispensing Ordinary Hazard Group 2 to an approved central station,remote station or proprietary moni- B B toring station as defined by UFC Standard 10-2 or,when approved B B Storage rooms with dispensing Extra Hazard Group 2 by the building official with the concurrence of the chief, shall B B Corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 21 sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location. B B t When the design area of the sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected EXCEPTION•Underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes B B by one row of sprinklers,the maximum number of sprinklers that needs to be provided by the municipality or public utility need not be monitored. B B calculated is 13. B B B B 1003.3.2 Alarms. An approved audible sprinkler flow alarm B B shall be provided on the exterior of the building in an approved lo- B B 1003.2.7 Group I Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system cation.An approved audible sprinkler flow alarm to alert the occu- B B shall be installed in Group I Occupancies.In Group I,Division 1.1 pants shall be provided in the interior of the building in a normally B B and Group I,Division 2 Occupancies,approved quick-response or occupied location.Actuation of the alarm shall be as set forth in B B residential sprinklers shall be installed throughout patient sleep- B B P g P P the Building Code. (See UBC Standard 9-1.) B Bing areas. 1003.4 Permissible Sprinkler Omissions. Subject to the ap- B B EXCEPTION: In jails,prisons and reformatories,the piping sys- proval of the building official and with the concurrence of the B B [em may be dry,provided a manually operated valve is installed at a chief,sprinklers may be omitted in rooms or areas as follows: B BB continuously monitored location.Opening of the valve will cause the B B piping system to be charged.Sprinkler heads in such systems shall be 1. When sprinklers are considered undesirable because of the B B equipped with fusible elements or the system shall be designed as nature of the contents or in rooms or areas which are of noncom- B B required for deluge systems in[he Building Code(see UBC Stand- bustible construction with wholly noncombustible contents and 13 B B and 9-1). which are not exposed by other areas. Sprinklers shall not be B B omitted from any room merely because it is damp,of fire-resistive B B 1003.2.8 Group M Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler sys- B B construction equipment. B B tem shall be installed in rooms classed as Group M Occupancies on or contains electricalB B where the floor area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1114.8 m2)on 2. Sprinklers shall not be installed when the application of wa- B B any floor or 24,000 square feet (2229.6 m2) on all floors or in ter or flame and water to the contents may constitute a serious life B B Group M Occupancies more than three stories in height.The area or fire hazard,as in the manufacture or storage of quantities of alu- B B of mezzanines shall be included in determining the areas where minum powder,calcium carbide,calcium phosphide,metallic so- B B sprinklers are required. dium and potassium,quicklime,magnesium powder and sodium B B peroxide. B B 1003.2.9 Group R, Division I Occupancies. An automatic B B sprinkler system shall be installed throughout every apartment 3. Safe deposit or other vaults of fire-resistive construction, 13 B s house three or more stories in height or containing.16 or more When used for the storage of records,files and other documents, B B when stored in metal cabinets. B B dwelling units,every congregate residence three or more stories in B B height or having an occupant load of 20 or more,and every hotel 4. Communication equipment areas under the exclusive con- B B three or more stories in height or containing 20 or more guest trol of a public communication utility agency,provided: B 1-34 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1003.4 1006.2.3.1 B 4.1 The equipment areas are separated from the remainder any stage,on each side of the rear of the auditorium and on each B B of the building by one-hour fire-resistive occupancy side of the balcony. B B separation; and B Fire-resistant protection of risers and laterals of Class II stand-B B 4.2 Such areas are used exclusively for such equipment; pipe systems is not required. B B and B 1004.5 Location of Class III Standpipe Hose Connec- B B 4.3 An approved automatic smoke-detection system is in- tions. Class III standpipe systems shall have outlets located as re- B Bstalled in such areas and is supervised by an approved quired for Class I standpipes in Section 1004.3 and shall have B B central,proprietary or remote station service or a local Class II outlets as required in Section 1004.4. B B alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly Risers and laterals of Class III standpipe systems shall be pro- B Battended location;and tected as required for Class I systems. B B 4.4 Other approved fire-protection equipment such as por- EXCEPTIONS: I.In buildings equipped with an approved auto- B B matic sprinkler system,risers and laterals which are not located within B B table fire extinguishers or Class II standpipes are in- P Y B B stalled in such areas. an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure need not be enclosed B fire-resistive construction. B B5. Other approved automatic fire-extinguishing systems may 2.Laterals for Class II outlets on Class III systems need not be pro- B B be installed to protect special hazards or occupancies in lieu of au- tected. B B tomatic sprinklers." B B In buildings where more than one Class III standpipe is pro- B B vided,the standpipes shall be interconnected at the bottom. B B B SECTION 1004—STANDPIPES B B B 1004.1 Installation Requirements. SECTION 1005—BASEMENT PIPE INLETS B BB General. Standpipe systems shall be installed in Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of every B B accordance with the Building Code and Section 1004. store,warehouse or factory having a basement when required by B B the Building Code. See Appendix III-D. B B Fire hose threads used in connection with fire-extinguishing B systems shall be national standard hose thread or as approved. B SECTION 1006—PROTECTION OF COMMERCIAL BB The location of fire department hose connections shall be ap- COOKING OPERATIONS proved. B In buildings used for high-piled combustible storage,fire pro- 1006.1 Ventilating Hood and Duct Systems. A ventilating B hood and duct system shall be provided in accordance with the B tection shall be in accordance with Article 81. B Mechanical Code for commercial-type food heat-processing B 1004.1.2 Standards. Standpipe systems shall comply with the equipment that produces grease-laden vapors. B Building Code. (See UBC Standard 9-2.) B 1006.2 Fire-extinguishing System. B 1004.2 Required Installations. Standpipe systems shall be pro- B 1006.2.1 Where required. Approved automatic fire-extin- B vided as se[forth in Table 1004-A. guishing systems shall be provided for the protection of commer- B 1004.3 Location of Class I Standpipe Hose Connec- cial-type cooking equipment. B tions. There shall be a Class I standpipe outlet connection at ev- EXCEPTION: The requirement for protection does not include B cry floor-level landing of every required stairway above or below steam kettles and steam tables or equipment which as used does not B grade and on each side of the wall adjacent to the exit opening of a create grease-laden vapors. B horizontal exit.Outlets at stairways shall be located within the exit 1006.2.2 Type of system. The system used for the protection of B enclosure or,in the case of pressurized enclosures,within the ves- commercial-type cooking equipment shall be either a system B tibule or exterior balcony,giving access to the stairway. listed for application with such equipment or an automatic fire-ex- B Risers and laterals of Class I standpipe systems not located [inguishing system that is specifically designed for such applica B within an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure shall be pro- tion. B tected by a degree of fire resistance equal[o that required for ver[i- Systems shall be installed in accordance with the Mechanical Bcal enclosures in the building in which they are located. Code,their listing and the manufacturer's instruction.Other sys- B EXCEPTION: In buildings equipped with an approved automatic tems shall be of an approved design and shall be of one of the fol- B sprinkler system,risers and laterals which are not located within an en- lowing types: B B closed stairway or pressurized enclosure need not be enclosed within B fire-resistive construction. 1. Automatic sprinkler system. B There shall be at least one outlet above the roof line when the 2. Dry-chemical extinguishing system. B roof has a slope of less than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal 3. Carbon dioxide extinguishing system. B (33.3%slope). B 4. Wet-chemical extinguishing system. B In buildings where more than one standpipe is provided, the B standpipes shall be interconnected at the bottom. 1006.2.3 Extent of protection. 1006.2.3.1 General. The automatic fire-extinguishing system B 1004.4 Location of Class II Standpipe Hose Connec- B tions. Class II standpipe outlets shall be accessible and shall be used to protect ventilating hoods and ducts and cooking B located so that all portions of the building are within 30 feet(9144 appliances shall be installed to include cooking surfaces,deep fat B mm)of a nozzle attached to 100 feet(30 480 mm)of hose. fryers, griddles, upright broilers, charbroilers, range tops and B grills. Protection shall also be provided for the enclosed plenum B In Group A, Divisions 1 and 2.1 Occupancies with occupant space within the hood above filters and exhaust ducts serving the B loads of more than 1,000,outlets shall be located on each side of hood. 1-35 1006.2.3.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1007.2.4.2.1 1006.2.3.2 Carbon dioxide systems. When carbon dioxide sys- Fusible links and automatic sprinkler heads shall be replaced at tems are used,there shall be a nozzle at the top of the ventilating least annually, and other protection devices shall be serviced or duct.Additional nozzles that are symmetrically arranged to give replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. uniform distribution shall be installed within vertical ducts EXCEPTION: Frangible bulbs need not be replaced annually. exceeding 20 feet (6096 mm) and horizontal ducts exceeding 50 feet(15 240 mm).Dampers shall be installed at either the top or SECTION 1007—FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS the bottom of the duct and shall be arranged to operate automati- cally upon activation of the fire-extinguishing system.When the 1007.1 General. damper is installed at the top of the duct,the top nozzle shall be 1007.1.1 Applicability. Installation and maintenance of fire immediately below the damper. Carbon dioxide automatic fire- alarm systems shall be in accordance with Section 1007. extinguishing systems shall be sufficiently sized to protect all haz- ards venting through a common duct simultaneously. 1007.1.2 Problematic systems and systems out of service. See 1006.2.4 Automatic power,fuel and ventilation shutoff. Section 1001.5.3. 1007.2 Required Installations. 1006.2.4.1 General. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems 1007.2.1 General. shall be interconnected to the fuel or current supply for cooking equipment.The interconnection shall be arranged to automatical- 1007.2.1.1 When required. An approved manual,automatic or ly shut off all cooking equipment and electrical receptacles which manual and automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in sc- are located under the hood when the system is actuated. cordance with Section 1007.2. Shutoff valves or switches shall be of a type that require manual 1007.2.1.2 Use of area separation walls to define separate operation to reset. buildings. For the purposes of Section 1007, area separation 1006.2.4.2 Carbon dioxide systems. Commercial-type cook- walls shall not define separate buildings. ing equipment protected by an automatic carbon dioxide extin- 1007.2.2 Group A Occupancies. guishing system shall be arranged to shut off the ventilation 1007.2.2.1 General. Group A,Divisions 1,2 and 2.1 Occupan- system upon activation. cies shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system in accord- 1006.2.5 Special provisions for automatic sprinkler sys- ance with Section 1007.2.2. tems. Commercial-type cooking equipment protected by auto- EXCEPTIONS: 1.Manual fire alarm boxes are not required when matic sprinkler systems shall be supplied from a separate,readily an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system is installed which accessible indicating-type control valve that is identified. will immediately activate the prerecorded announcement upon water flow. Sprinklers used for the protection of fryers shall be listed for 2.Group A Occupancy portions of Group E Occupancies are al- that application and installed in accordance with their listing. lowed to have alarms as required for the Group E Occupancy. 1006.2.6 Manual system operation. A readily accessible See also Section 1007.2.12. manual activation device installed at an approved location shall be 1007.2.2.2 System initiation in Group A Occupancies with an provided for dry chemical,wet chemical and carbon dioxide sys- occupancy load of 1,000 or more. Activation of the fire alarm in tems.The activation device is allowed to be mechanically or elec- Group A Occupancies with an occupancy load of 1,000 or more trically operated. If electrical power is used,the system shall be shall immediately initiate an approved prerecorded message connected to a standby power system and a visual means shall be announcement using an approved voice communication system in provided to show that the extinguishing system is energized. In- accordance with UFC Standard 10-2 that is audible above the structions for operating the fire-extinguishing system shall be ambient noise level of the occupancy. posted adjacent to manual activation devices. EXCEPTION:When approved,the prerecorded announcement is 1006.2.7 Portable fire extinguishers. A sodium bicarbonate or allowed to be manually deactivated for a period of time,not to exceed three minutes,for the sole purpose of allowing a live voice announce- potassium bicarbonate dry-chemical-type portable fire extin- ment from an approved,constantly attended station. guisher having a minimum rating of 40-B shall be installed within 1007.2.2.3 Emergency power. Voice communication systems ' 30 feet (9144 mm) of commercial food heat-processing equip- ment,as measured along an unobstructed path of travel,in accord- ance with UFC Standard 10-1. 1007.2.3 Group B Occupancies. See Section 1007.2.12. 1006.2.8 Operations and maintenance. The ventilation sys- 1007.2.4 Group E Occupancies. tem in connection with hoods shall be operated at the required rate 1007.2.4.1 General. Group E Occupancies shall be provided of air movement, and classified grease filters shall be in place with fire alarm systems in accordance with Section 1007.2.4. when equipment under a kitchen grease hood is used. Group E,Division 1 Occupancies and Group E,Division 3 Occu- If grease extractors are installed,they shall be operated when pancies having an occupant load of 50 or more shall be provided the commercial-type cooking equipment is used. with an approved manual fire alarm system. When automatic Hoods,grease-removal devices,fans,ducts and other appurte- sprinkler systems or smoke detectors provided in accordance with nances shall be cleaned at intervals necessary to prevent the accu- Section 1007.2.4.2 are installed,such systems or detectors shall be mulation of grease.Cleanings shall be recorded,and records shall connected to the building fire alarm system,and the building fire state the extent,time and date of cleaning.Such records shall be alarm system shall be both automatic and manual. See also Sec- maintained on the premises. tion 1007.2.12. Extinguishing systems shall be serviced at least every six 1007.2.4.2 Smoke detectors. B months or after activation of the system. Inspection shall be by 1007.2.4.2.1 Increased travel distance. Smoke detectors shall B qualified individuals, and a Certificate of Inspection shall be be installed when required by the Building Code for increases in B forwarded to the chief upon completion. travel distance to exits. (See UBC Section 1007.3.) B 1-36 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1007.2.4.2.2 1007.2.7.2.5 B 1007.2.4.2.2 Travel through adjoining rooms. Smoke detec- EXCEPTION: In rooms equipped with automatic door closers B B tors shall be installed when required by the Building Code to allow having integral smoke detectors on the room side,the integral detector B B the only means of egress from a room to be through adjoining or may substitute for the room smoke detector,provided it performs the B B intervening rooms.(See UBC Section 1007.3.) required alerting functions. B 1007.2.4.3 Exterior alarm-signaling device. An alarm-signal- The following California section replacer the corresponding model code sec- A in-device shall be mounted on the exterior of the building. tion./or applications specified by law for the Of ce ol'the State Fire Marshal. CA 1007.2.7.1.2a Patient room smoke detectors. Smoke detectors C 1007.2.5 Group F Occupancies. See Section 1007.2.12. * * *shall be installed in patient sleeping rooms of hospitals and A 1007.2.6 Group H Occupancies. nursing homes. Actuation of such detectors shall cause a visual display on the corridor side of the room in which the detector is 1007.2.6.1 General. Group H Occupancies shall be provided located and shall cause an audible and visual alarm at the respec- with fire alarm systems in accordance with Section 1007.2.6.See tive nurses' station. also Section 1007.2.12. NOTE(For SFMI: Operation of the smoke detector shall not A L 1007.2.6.2 Organic coatings. Organic coating manufacturing include any alarm verilicatian,feature. C L uses shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system. See EXCEPTION: In rooms equipped with automatic door closers Article 50. having integral smoke detectors on the room side,the integral detector may substitute for the room smoke detector,provided it performs the 1007.2.6.3 Group H,Division 6 Occupancies. Group H,Divi- required alerting functions. sion 6 Occupancies shall be provided with a manual fire alarm sys- tem. See Article 51. 1007.2.7.1.3 Existing Group I Occupancies. In projects requir- A ing OSHPD approval,facilities not equipped with an automatic C 1007.2.6.4 Rooms used for storage,dispensing,use and ban- A sprinkler system throughout shall be equipped with an automatic c dling of hazardous materials. When required by Article 80, fire alarm system which responds to the products of combustion C rooms or areas used for storage, dispensing, use or handling of other than heat. A highly toxic compressed gases, liquid and solid oxidizers, and A Class I,1I,III or IV organic peroxides shall be provided with an EXCEPTION. Heat detectors may be used in closets, unusable C space underfloor areas,storage rooms,bathrooms,kitchens,laundry C automatic smoke-detection system. roams and rooms ofsimilar use. A 1007.2.7 Group I Occupancies. 1007.2.7.2 Division 3 Occupancies. 1007.2.7.1 Divisions 1.1,1.2 and 2 Occupancies. 1007.2.7.2.1 General. Group I,Division 3 Occupancies shall be provided with a manual and automatic fire alarm system installed 1007.2.7.1.1 System requirements.Group I,Divisions 1.1, 1.2 for alerting staff in accordance with Section 1007.2.7.2.See also and 2 Occupancies shall be provided with an approved manual and Section 1007.2.12. automatic fire alarm system in accordance with Section EXCEPTION[For SFMI:Heat detectors may be used in closets, A L 1007.2.7.1. See also Section 1007.2.12. unusable space underfloor areas, storage rooms, bathrooms, and A L t- C In Group I,Division 1.1 Occupancies,audible devices placed in rooms ofsimilar use. C L L A patient areas shall be only chitnes or similar-sounding devices for 1007.2.7.2.2 System initiation. Actuation of an automatic 1. c alerting staff. fire-extinguishing system,a manual fire alarm box or a fire detec- tor shall initiate an approved fire alarm signal which automatically B Smoke detectors shall be provided in accordance with the notifies staff.Presignal systems shall not be used. B Building Code as follows: 1007.2.7.2.3 Manual fire alarm boxes. B 1. At automatic-closing doors in smoke barriers and one-hour 1. General. Manual fire alarm boxes need not be located in B fire-resistive occupancy separations(see UBC Sections 308.2.2.1 accordance with Section 1007.3.3.1 when they are provided at B and 308.8), staff-attended locations having direct supervision over areas B 2. In waiting areas which are open to corridors(see UBC Sec- where manual fire alarm boxes have been omitted. B tion 1007.5). 2. Locking of manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm L C 3. In patient sleeping rooms. (See California Building Code boxes are allowed to be locked in areas occupied by detainees, L C Section 308.10a.) provided that staff members are present within the subject area When actuated,alarm-initiating devices shall activate an alarm and have keys readily available to operate the manual fire alarm signal which is audible throughout the building. boxes. EXCEPTION: Visual alarm-signaling devices are allowed to sub- 1007.2.7.2.4 Smoke detection. An approved automatic smoke- stitute for audible devices in patient use areas. detection system shall be installed throughout resident housing areas,including sleeping areas and contiguous day rooms,group L C [For SFM]/n Group/,Division 1.1 Occupancies, audible de- L C vices placed in patient areas shall be only chimes or similar- activity spaces and other common spaces normally accessible to L C sounding devices for alerting staff. residents. EXCEPTION: Other approved smoke-detection arrangements B 1007.2.7.1.2 Patient room smoke detectors. Smoke detectors providing equivalent protection,such as placing detectors in exhaust B which receive their primary power from the building wiring shall ducts from cells or behind protective grilles,are allowed when neces- B be installed in patient sleeping rooms of hospital and nursing sary to prevent damage or tampering. B homes.Actuation of such detectors shall cause a visual display on 1007.2.7.2.5 Zoning and annunciation. Alarm and trouble sig- B the corridor side of the room in which the detector is located and nals shall be annunciated at an approved constantly attended loca- B shall cause an audible and visual alarm at the respective nurses' tion. Such signals shall indicate the zone of origin. B station. When single-station detectors and related devices are Separate zones shall be provided for individual fire-protection B combined with a nursing call system,the nursing call system shall systems,buildings,floors,cell complexes and sections of floors B be listed for the intended combined use. compartmented by smoke-stop partitions. 1-37 1007.2.7.2.6 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1007.2.9.2.3 1007.2.7.2.6 Monitoring. The fire alarm system shall be moni- to any other fire alarm device, electrically supervised or provided A L tored by an approved central,proprietary or remote station service with emergency power. C L or by transmission of a local alarm which will give audible and vi- sual signals at an approved constantly attended location. 1007.2.9.1.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm 1007.2.8 Group M Occupancies. See Section 1007.2.12. boxes are not required for interior corridors having smoke detec- 1 1007.2.9 Group R Occupancies. tors as specified in Section 1007.2.9.1.3. 1007.2.9.1.3 Smoke detectors. Smoke detectors shall be 1007.2.9.1 New Group R Occupancies. provided in all common areas and interior corridors serving as a 1007.2.9.1.1 General. Group R Occupancies shall be provided required means of egress for an occupant load of 10 or more. C with fire alarm systems in accordance with Section 1007.2.9 and C Chapter 35 of the Building Code. Group R, Division I The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- C Occupancies shall be provided with a manual and automatic fire Lion for applications specified by law.for the Office of the State Fire Marshal. A alarm system in apartment houses three or more stories in height 1007.2.9.1.3a [For SFMJ Smoke detectors. Smoke detectors A L or containing 16 or more dwelling units,in hotels three or more shall be provided in all common areas and interior corridors of C L stories in height or containing 20 or more guest rooms,and in con- Group R, Division I and 2.1 occupancies. A L gregate residences three or more stories in height or having an C L EXCEPTION: Interior corridors of'Group R,Division 1 occupan- A L occupant load of 20 or more.See also Section 1007.2.12. cies serving an occupant load of!t7 or less. A L EXCEPTIONS: I. A manual fire alarm system need not be pro- vided in buildings not over two stories in height when all individual dwelling units and contiguous attic and crawl spaces are separated 1007.2.9.1.4 Heat detectors. Heat detectors shall be provided from each other and public or common areas by at least one-hour fire- in common areas such as recreational rooms, laundry rooms, resistive occupancy separations and each individual dwelling unit or furnace rooms,and similar areas in accordance with[for SFMJ the A L guest room has an exit directly to a public way,exit court or yard. California Electrical Code UFC Standard 10-2. C L 2. A separate fire alarm system need not be provided in buildings which are protected throughout by an approved supervised fire sprin- kler system conforming with the Building Code and having a local The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- C L C alarm to notify all occupants.[For SFMJ Occupant notification shall tion for applications specified by law for the OfficeA of the State Fire Marshal. C LA result from actuation of any flow of water or the operation of any, 1007.2.9.1.4a Heat detectors. Heat detectors shall be provided C L L C manual station.At least one manual station shall be installed at a loco- A L L A tion approved by the authority having jurisdiction.All initiating and in- in all common areas such as recreational rooms,laundry rooms, A L L C dicating devices shall be electrically supervised. furnace rooms,and similar areas[for SFMJ of Group R,Divisions C L L A The alarm signal shall be a distinctive sound which is not used 1 and 2.1 Occupancies in accordance with[for SFMJ Chapter 35 A L L C of the California Building Code. C L L A for any other purpose other than the fire alarm.Alarm signaling L A devices shall produce a sound that exceeds the prevailing equiva- L A lent sound level in the room or space by 15 decibels minimum,or 1007.2.9.1.5 Visual signaling devices. Guest rooms for persons L A exceeds any maximum sound level with a duration of 30 seconds B L C minimum by 5 decibels minimum, whichever is louder. Sound with hearing impairments shall be provided with visible and audi- B g appliances, activated by both the in-room B L C levels for alarm signals shall be 120 decibels maximum. smoke detector and the building fire alarm system. 13 1007.2.9.1.6 Single-station smoke detectors. Approved B A The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- single-station smoke detectors shall be installed in dwelling units, B A Lion for applications specified by lase for the Office of the State Fire Marshal. congregate residences and hotel or lodging house guest rooms[for B C L L A 1007.2.9.1.1a [For SFMJ Group R, Division 2.1 Occupan- SFMJ and in sleeping rooms of Group R,Division 2 Occupancies B C L L A cies. Group R,Division 2.1 Occupancies shall be provided with a in accordance with the Building Code. B L A manual and automatic fire alarm system in accordance with Sec- Single-station smoke detectors shall not be connected to a fire L A tion 1007.2.9 and Chapter 35 of the Building Code. alarm system.See also Section 1007.2.9.1.5. LC EXCEPTION: Buildings housing nonambulatory clients on the EXCEPTION: Connection of such detectors for annunciation L A first story only,and which are protected throughout by the fallowing: only. L C 1. An approved and supervised automatic sprinkler system,as spe- 1007.2.9.2 Existing Group R Occupancies. ifi L A ced in Chapter 35 of the Building Code,which upon activation will L C initiate the fire alarm system to notify all occupants. 1007.2.9.2.1 General. Existing Group R Occupancies not L C 2.A manual fire alarm system in accordance with this section and already provided with single-station smoke detectors shall be pro- L C Chapter 35 of the Building Code. vided with approved single-station smoke detectors. Installation L A 1007.2.9.I.1b [For SFMJ Group R, Division 2.2 Occupan- shall be in accordance with Section 1007.2.9.2. L A cies. Group R, Division 2.2 Occupancies shall be provided with 1007.2.9.2.2 Installation. Approved single-station smoke de- L A an approved manual fire alarm system in accordance with Section tectors shall be installed in existing dwelling units,congregate res- t A 1007.2.9 and Chapter 35 of the Building Code. idences,and hotel and lodging house guest rooms. L C L C I007.2.9.1.1c [For SFMJ Group R, Division 2.1.1 and 2.2.1 1007.2.9.2.3 Power source. In Group R Occupancies, single- L C Occupancies. In addition to smoke detectors required by Section station smoke detectors shall be either battery operated or may L C 1007.2.9.1.6, Group R. Division 2.1.1 and 2.2.1 Occupancies receive their primary power from the building wiring provided L C shall be provided with one manual pull station at a location that such wiring is served from a commercial source.When power L A approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Such pull station is provided by the building wiring,the wiring shall be permanent L A shall actuate a distinctive fire alarm signal which shall be audible and without a disconnecting switch other than those required for L A throughout the facility. These devices need not be interconnected overcurrent protection. 1-38 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1007.2.9.2.4 1007.2.12.9 1007.2.9.2.4 Locations within existing Group R Occupan- 3. At each connection to a vertical duct or riser serving two or B cies. In dwelling units,detectors shall be mounted on the ceiling more stories from a return-air duct or plenum of an air-condition- B or wall at a point centrally located in the corridor or area giving ing system. In Group R, Division 1 Occupancies, an approved B access to each separate sleeping area.Where sleeping rooms are smoke detector is allowed to be used in each return-air riser carry- B on an upper level,the detector shall be placed at the center of the ing not more than 5,000 cubic feet per minute(2360 Us)and serv- B ceiling directly above the stairway. Detectors shall also be ing not more than 10 air-inlet openings;and B installed in the basement of dwelling units having a stairway 4. For Group R,Division 1 Occupancies,in all interior corri- B which opens from the basement into the dwelling. dors serving as a means of egress for an occupant load of 10 or B In hotel, lodging house and congregate residence sleeping more. B rooms, detectors shall be located on the ceiling or wall of each 1007.2.12.2.3 Emergency voice alarm-signaling system. The B sleeping room. operation of any automatic fire detector,sprinkler or water-flow B 1007.2.10 Group S Occupancies. See Section 1007.2.12. device shall automatically sound an alert tone followed by voice B instructions giving appropriate information and directions on a B 1007.2.11 Group U Occupancies. No requirements. general or selective basis to the following terminal areas: B 1007.2.12 Special uses and conditions. 1. Elevators, B 2. Elevator lobbies, B 1007.2.12.1 Amusement buildings. B 3. Corridors, 1007.2.12.1.1 General. An approved smoke-detection system B 4. Exit stairways, B shall be provided in amusement buildings in accordance with Sec- B B f 000 1 di 5. Rooms and tenant spaces exceeding , square feet[ion 1007.2.12.1. B (93 m2)in area, B EXCEPTION: In areas where ambient conditions will cause a smoke-detection system to alarm,an approved alternate type of auto- 6. Dwelling units in apartment houses, B matic detector shall be installed. 7. Hotel guest rooms or suites,and B 1007.2.12.1.2 Alarm system. Activation of any single smoke 8. Areas of refuge.(As defined in the Building Code.) B detector, the automatic sprinkler system or other automatic fire- A manual override for emergency voice communication shall BB detection device shall immediately sound an alarm in the building be provided for all paging zones. B at a constantly supervised location from which the manual opera- B tion of systems noted in Section 1007.2.12.1.3 can be initiated. The emergency voice alarm-signaling system shall be designed B and installed in accordance with the Building'Code and UFC B 1007.2.12.1.3 System response. The activation of two or more Standard 10-2. B smoke detectors,a single smoke detector monitored by an alarm B verification zone, the automatic sprinkler system or other ap- 1007.2.12.2.4 Fire department communication system. A two-way,approved fire department communication system shall B proved fire-detection device shall automatically: B be provided for fire department use.It shall operate between the B 1. Stop confusing sounds and other visual effects, central control station and elevators,elevator lobbies,emergency B 2. Activate approved directional exit marking,and and standby power rooms and at entries into enclosed stairways. B 3. Cause illumination of the means of egress with light of not 1007.2.12.3 Buildings with atriums. Actuation of an atrium less than 1 footcandle(10.8 lx)at the walking surface. smoke-control system required by the Building Code shall initiate an audible fire alarm signal in designated portions of the building. 1007.2.12.1.4 Public address system. The public address sys- tem 1007.2.12.4 High-piled combustible storage uses. When is also allowed to serve as an alarm. required by Article 81,high-piled combustible storage uses shall B 1007.2.12.2 High-rise buildings. be provided with an automatic fire-detection system. B 1007.2.12.2.1 General.Group B office buildings and Group R, 1007.2.12.5 Special egress-control devices. When special B B Division 1 Occupancies,each having floors used for human occu- egress-control devices are installed on exit doors, an automatic B B pancy located more than 75 feet(22 860 mm)above the lowest smoke-detection system shall be installed throughout the build- B B level of fire department vehicle access,shall be provided with an ing.(See UBC Section 1003.3.1.10.) B B automatic fire alarm system and a communication system in ac- 1007.2.12.6 Corridors in office uses. When required by the B B cordance with Section 1007.2.12.2. Building Code for corridors in lieu of one-hour corridor construc- B B tion,smoke detectors shall be installed within office corridors in B B 1007.2.12.2.2 Automatic fire alarm system. Smoke detectors B g.The actuation of any detector shall B B shall be provided in accordance with Section 1007.2.12.2.2. B B Smoke detectors shall be connected to an automatic fire alarm sys- activate alarms audible in all areas served by the corridor. (See B B tem. The actuation of any detector required by Section UBC Section 1004.3.4.3,Exception 4.) B B 1007.2.12.2.2 shall operate the emergency voice alarm-signaling 1007.2.12.7 Aerosol storage uses. When required by Article B system and shall place into operation all equipment necessary to 88, aerosol storage rooms and general purpose warehouses con- B prevent the recirculation of smoke. Smoke detectors shall be taining aerosols shall be provided with an approved manual alarm Blocated as follows: system. B 1. In every mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer, 1007.2.12.8 Smoke-control systems. An approved automatic B B telephone equipment, elevator machine or similar room, and in smoke-detection system shall be provided when required by the B B elevator lobbies.Elevator lobby detectors shall be connected to an Building Code for automatic control of a smoke-control system. B B alarm verification zone or be listed as a releasing device; (See UBC Section 905.9.) B B2. In the main return-air and exhaust-air plenum of each air- 1007.2.12.9 Lumber,plywood and veneer mills. Lumber,ply- B conditioning system.Such detectors shall be located in a service- wood and veneer mills shall be provided with a manual fire alarm I B able area downstream of the last duct inlet; system.See Section 3004.5.2. 1-39 1007.2.13 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1007.3.3.7a L A 1007.2.13 [For SFMJ Group C Occupancies. Every building 1007.3.3.2 Control units, annunciator panels and access L A and structure used or intended for sleeping purposes shall be pro- keys. The alarm control unit, remote annunciator panel and ac- L A vided with an automatic smoke-detector system. cess keys to locked fire alarm equipment shall be installed and L C maintained in an approved location. L C EXCEPTION:Buildings and structures in existence and in opera- L C lion prior to January 11,1985. 1007.3.3.3 Alarm initiation and signal. L A 1007.2.14 [For SFMJ Automatic smoke detection system egress L C 1007.3.3.3.1 General. When actuated, fire alarm-initiating de- L C control devices. Smoke detectors shall be installed in accordance vices shall activate an alarm signal which is audible throughout L C with this section when required for use with special egress-control the building or in designated portions of the building when ap L C devices. proved. L A L C 1007.2.14.1 [For SFMJ In other than Group I Occupancies,for EXCEPTION: Single-station detectors in dwelling units,rooms L C single-story buildings smoke detectors shall be installed at ceil- used for sleeping purposes in hotel and lodging houses,and patient L A sleeping rooms in hospitals and nursing homes. L C ings throughout all occupied areas and mechanical/electrical L C spaces. For multiple-story buildings smoke detectors shall be 1007.3.3.3.2 Audible alarm signal. The audible signal shall be L C installed throughout all occupied areas and mechanical/electri- the standard fire alarm evacuation signal as described in UFC L C cal spaces for the story where special egress-control devices are Standard 10-2. L C installed. Additional detectors are required on adjacent stories EXCEPTION:This alarm signal is not required for: L C where occupants of those stories utilize the same exit egress. 1. Systems using prerecorded or live voice message announce- ' ments. L A 1007.2.14.2 [For SFMJ For Group I Occupancies,smoke detec- 2.Patient and inmate areas of Group I Occupancies. L C tors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied areas L C and mechanical/electrical spaces of smoke-compartments where 1007.3.3.3.3 Audibility. The alarm signal shall be a distinctive L A special egress-control devices are installed.Additional detectors sound which is not used for any other purpose other than the fire L c are required in adjacent smoke-compartments where occupants of alarm. Alarm-signaling devices shall produce a sound that L C those compartments utilize the same exit egress. exceeds the prevailing equivalent sound level in the room or space by 15 decibels minimum, or exceeds any maximum sound level 1007.3 General System Design and Installation Require- with a duration of 30 seconds minimum by 5 decibels minimum, ments. whichever is louder. Sound levels for alarm signals shall be 120 1007.3.1 Design standards. Fire alarm systems,automatic fire decibels maximum. detectors, emergency voice alarm communication systems and 1007.3.3.3.4 Visual alarms. Alarm systems shall include both B notification devices shall be designed,installed and maintained in audible and visual alarms.Alarm devices shall be located in hotel B accordance with UFC Standard 10-2 and other nationally recog- guest rooms as required by the Building Code(see UBC Section B nized standards. 1105.4.6); accessible public- and common-use areas, including B toilet rooms and bathing facilities; hallways; and lobbies. (See B Council of American Building Officials/American National B C The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- Standards Institute Standard A117.1-1992, Section 4-26.2, for B CB tion for applications specified by law.for the Office of the State Fire Marshal. additional information about visual signals.) B 1007.3.1a Design standards. Fire alarm systems,automatic fire 1007.3.3.4 Connections to other systems. A fire alarm system detectors, emergency voice alarm communication systems and shall not be used for any purpose other than fire warning unless notification devices shall be designed,installed and maintained in approved[for SFMJ by the authority having jurisdiction. A L c accordance with[for SFMJ the appropriate standards of Chapter C 35 of the Building Code and of the California Electrical Code. 1007.3.3.5 Supervision. Means of interconnecting equipment, devices and appliances shall be supervised for the integrity of the interconnecting conductors or equivalent, as set forth in UFC c 1007.3.2 Equipment. Systems and components shall be [for Standard 10-2. C SFMJ California State Fire Marshal listed and approved for the 1007.3.3.E Monitoring. purpose for which they are installed. 1007.3.3.6.1 General. When required by the chief, fire alarm 1007.3.3 System layout and operation. systems shall be monitored by an approved central,proprietary or 1007.3.3.1 Manual fire alarm boxes. When a manual fire alarm remote station service or a local alarm which gives audible and system is required, manual fire alarm boxes shall be distributed visual signals at a constantly attended location. throughout so that they are readily accessible,unobstructed,and 1007.3.3.6.2 Automatic telephone dialing devices. Automatic are located in the normal path of exit travel from the area and as telephone dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarm follows: shall not be connected to any fire department telephone number 1. At every exit from every level. unless approved. 2. Additional fire alarm boxes shall be located so that travel 1007.3.3.7 Annunciation. Fire alarm systems shall be divided distance to the nearest box does not exceed 200 feet(60 960 mm). into alarm zones when required by the chief.When two or more alarm zones are required,visible annunciation shall be provided in When fire alarm systems are not monitored, an approved per- an approved location. manent sign that reads LOCAL ALARM ONLY—CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT shall be installed adjacent to each manual fire alarm box. The following California section replaces the corresponding model code.sec-. C A lion for applications specified by law for the Ofce of the State Fire Marshal EXCEPTION: Separate signs need not be provided when the A manufacturer has permanently provided this information on the 1007.3.3.7a Annunciation. Fire alarm systems shall be divided A L manual fire alarm box. into alarm zones when required by the[for SFMJ authority having C L 1-40 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1007.3.3.7a-1007.3.4.3 TABLE 1004-A L A jurisdiction.When two or more alarm zones are required,visible 1007.3.3.7.1 Remote panel. Remote annunciator panels shall C L annunciation shall be provided in a location approved by the chief meet the requirements of Section 1007.3.3.7a and shall be electri- A L L A (for SFMJto assist in determining the fire location. The annunci- tally supervised when required by the authority having jurisdic- A L L A ation of all zones and device identification shall be on electrically tion. C L L C supervised initiation circuits to the main fire alarm control panel. L C Alarm,supervisory and trouble signals shall be annunciated in the L C main control panel by means of an audible signal and a visual dis- 1007.3.4 Acceptance test and certification. L C play.Such annunciation shall indicate the building,floor,zone or L C other designated area from which the alarm or trouble signal orig 1007.3.4.1 Acceptance test. Upon completion of the installa- L C inated. Visible annunciation shall be provided in a location Lion,a satisfactory test of the entire system shall be made in the L C approved by the chief. For the purposes of annunciation,zoning presence of the chief.All functions of the system or alteration shall L C shall be in accordance with the following: be tested. L C 1. When the fire-protective signaling system serves more than 1007.3.4.2 Certification. The permittee shall provide written L C one building, each building shall be considered as a separate certification to the chief that the system has been installed in ac- L C zone. cordance with the approved plans and specifications. L A 2. Each floor of a building shall be considered as a separate L C Zone. C L A The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- A L A 3.Each section of floor of a building that is separated by area Lion for applications specified by law.for the Office of the State Fire Marshal A L A separation walls or by horizontal exits shall be considered as a 1007.3.4.2a Certification. The permittee shall provide (for A L L C separate Zone. SFMJ the NFPA Certification of Compliance to the chief that the A L L C 4. Annunciation shall be further divided into zones where system has been installed in accordance with the approved plans L C deemed necessary by the authority having jurisdiction. and specifications. L C 5.Identification of the type of alarm, initiating devices such as L C manual, automatic, sprinkler waterflow, sprinkler supervisory 1007.3.4.3 Instructions. When required by the chief,operating, C switches,etc.,shall be separately indicated on electrically super testing and maintenance instructions and"as-built"drawings and L A vised imitating circuits to the main fire alarm control unit. L AC equipment specifications shall be provided at an approved loca- L C EXCEPTION:In Group R,Division 3 Occupancies. tion. TABLE 1004-A—STANDPIPE REQUIRED SYSTEMS B B OCCUPANCY NONSPRINKLERED BUILDING' SPRINKLERED BUILDING2,3 B B x 304.8 for mm B x 0.0929 for m2 Standpipe Class Hose Requirement Standpipe Class Hose Requirement B 1.Occupancies exceeding 150 ft.in height and more BB than one story 111 Yes 1 No B B 2.Occupancies 4 stories or more but less than 150 ft.in 11 and 1141 5 I No B height,except Group R,Division 36 (or III) Yes B 3.Group A Occupancies with occupant load exceeding B 1,000, 11 Yes No requirement No B B 4.Group A,Division 2.1 Occupancies over 5,000 square B feet in area used for exhibition 11 Yes 11 Yes B B B 5.Groups 1;H;B;S;M;F,Division 1 Occupancies less B than 4 stories in height but greater than 20,000 square 114 Yes No requirement No B feet per tloor6 B B B 6.Stages more than 1,000 square feet in-area II No III No B B 'Except as otherwise specified in Item 4 of this table,Class 11 standpipes need not be provided in basements having an automatic fire-extinguishing system through- B out. B 2The standpipe system may be combined with the automatic sprinkler system. B 3Portions of otherwise sprinklered buildings which are not protected by automatic sprinklers shall have Class II standpipes installed as required for the unsprm- B klered portions. B 4 In open structures where Class 11 standpipes may be damaged by freezing,the building official may authorize the use of Class I standpipes which are located as B required for Class II standpipes. B 5Hose is required for Class II standpipes only. B 617or the purposes of this table,occupied roofs of parking structures shall be considered an additional story.In parking structures,a tier is a story. B 7Class 11 standpipes need not be provided in assembly areas used solely for worship. B e 1-40.1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE (This page intentionally left blank.) 1-40.2 17.56.050 UFC Section 1003 Amended--Fire Extinguishing Systems.(3317-1/96) 1003.1.1 General. Fire extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with the Fire Code, and National Fire Protection Association Pamphlet #13. (3317-1/96) 1003.1.2 Standards. delete exceptions 2 and 3.(3317-1/96) ADD—For the purposes of this code, high-rise buildings are defined in UFC § 209H. (3317-1/96) 17.56.055 UFC Section 1003.2.2 Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 1003.2.2 All Occupancies: All Occupancies Except group U occupancies. (For group U occupancies, refer to City Specification#404). An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed whenever the total gross floor area exceeds 5,000 square feet for all new construction, additions to existing buildings (refer to City Specification #420), or change of occupancy classification, and as follows: (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 1003.2.3.1 Drinking Establishments: (3317-1196) Line 5 Change '(1) hour' to '(4) hour'. (3317-1196) Line 6 Change one (1) hour to four(4) hour. (3317-1/96) 1003.2.3.3 Exhibition and Display rooms: (3317-1/96) Line 2 Change 12,000 to 5,000. (3317-1/96) 1003.2.3.7 Stages. All buildings shall be sprinklered, where there is a stage or enclosed platform. (3317-1/96) 1003.2.3.9 ADD—Automatic sprinklers shall be required throughout the building where a portion of the building above the first floor is used for drinking and/or dining. (3317-1/96) 1003.2.3.10 ADD--Automatic sprinklers shall be required throughout the building when a portion of the building above the first floor is used for any assembly purpose other than drinking and/or dining, with an occupant load of fifty (50) or more persons. (3317-1/96) 1003.2.4.1 General. Delete-Exceptions one (1) and two (2). (3317-1/96) 1003.2.8 (d) Group M Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in retail sales rooms classified as Group M Occupancies where the floor area exceeds 5,000 square feet or in Group M retail sales occupancies more than three stories in height. The area of mezzanes shall be included in determining the areas where sprinklers are required. (3317-1/96) 17.56.060 UFC Section 1003.4 Permissible Sprinkler Omissions. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 6. When the gross square footage of the building is divided into nonsprinklered 5,000 square feet units by four hour masonry fire resistive separation walls, the four hour masonry walls shall have no openings, shall have parapets 30 inches above the roofline, and extend horizontally to separate exterior combustible cornices, canopies, etc. EXCEPTION: If four hour masonry walls are not extended horizontally, a 5 foot distance shall be provided between the four hour masonry wall and exterior combustible cornices, canopies, etc. (3317-1/96) 17.56.065 UFC Section 1004 Amended—Standpipes TABLE 1004-A. (3317-1/96) Amend as follows: (3317-1/96) Table 10.510A: (3317-1/96) Line 1. Standpipes for sprinklered buildings shall be Class III. (3317-1/96) Line 2. Change four (4) stories to three (3) stories. Standpipes for sprinklered buildings shall be Class III. (3317-1/96) Line 5. Change four(4) stories to three (3) stories; 20,000 square feet per floor to 10,000 and standpipes for sprinklered buildings shall be Class III. (3317-1/96) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1101 1102.5.2.1 ARTICLE 11 -GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SECTION 1101 —GENERAL 1102.3.3 Material restrictions. Open burning of rubbish con- 1101.1 Scope. General safety precautions shall be in accordance taining paper products is prohibited. with Article 11. See also Appendices II-A, II-C, 11-1), IV-A 1102.3.4 Time and atmospheric restrictions. Open burning and IV-B. shall only be performed when time and atmospheric conditions comply with the limits set forth in the open-burning permit. 1101.2 Definitions. For definitions of BONFIRE,FLAME-RE- 1102.3.5 Location. Open burning shall not be conducted within SISTANT MATERIAL, OPEN BURNING, RECREATIONAL 50 feet 5 240 mm) any structure or other combustible teri- FIRE,RUBBISH and SMOKING MATERIAL,see Article 2. al. Conditions which could cause the fire to spread to within 1101.3 Permits and Plans. Permits are required to conduct 50 feet(15 240 mm)of a structure shall be eliminated prior to igni- open burning,store tires outdoors,store combustible material,op- tion. erate a parade float and operate a commercial rubbish-handling EXCEPTION: Clearance from structures and other combustible operation as set forth in Section 105,Permits o.l,t.2,c.6,p.l and material is allowed to be reduced as follows: c.8, respectively. 1. Not less than 15 feet(4572 mm)when burning is conducted in an approved burning appliance. A plan showing location and dimensions of tire storage areas, 2. Not less than 25 feet(7620 mm)when the pile size is 3 feet(914 tire piles, buildings, aisles and access roads shall be submitted mm)or less in diameter and 2 feet(610 mm)or less in height. with applications for tire storage permits. 1102.3.6 Fire-extinguishing equipment. A garden hose con- nected to a water supply or other approved fire-extinguishing SECTION 1102—INCINERATORS, OPEN BURNING equipment shall be readily available for use at open-burning sites. AND COMMERCIAL BARBECUE PITS 1102.3.7 Attendance. Burning material shall be constantly 1102.1 General. Incinerators, open burning and commercial attended by a person knowledgeable in the use of the barbecue pits shall be in accordance with Section 1102. fire-extinguishing equipment required by Section 1102.3.6 and familiar with the permit limitations which restrict open burning. 1102.2 Incinerators. An attendant shall supervise the burning material until the fire has been extinguished. 1102.2.1 General. Free-standing noncommercial incinerators 1102.3.8 Discontinuance. The chief is authorized to require that not connected to buildings shall be in accordance with Section 1102.2. Incinerators shall be in accordance with other governing open burning be immediately discontinued if the chief determines agencies regulating emissions. For other requirements and for that smoke emissions are offensive to occupants of surrounding o property or if the open burning is determined by the chief to other types of incinerators, see the Building and Mechanical constitute a hazardous condition. codes. 1102.4 Recreational Fires. 1102.2.2 Construction. Free-standing incinerators shall be constructed of concrete or masonry and shall have a completely with S.1 General. Recreational fires shall be in accordance w enclosed combustion chamber. Incinerators shall be equipped with Section 1102.4. with a permanently attached spark arrester. The spark arrester 1102.4.2 Location. Recreational fires shall not be conducted shall be constructed of iron,heavy wire mesh or other noncombus- within 25 feet(7620 mm)of a structure or combustible material tible material with openings not larger than 1/2 inch(12.7 mm). unless contained in a barbecue pit.Conditions which could cause a 1102.2.3 Location. Free-standing incinerators shall not be fire to spread to within 25 feet(7620 mm)of a structure shall be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of combustible walls,roofs or eliminated prior to ignition. other combustible material;building openings;or property lines. 1102.4.3 Fire-extinguishing equipment. Buckets,shovels,gar- Incinerators shall not be located within 5 feet (1524 mm) of den hoses or a fire extinguisher with a minimum 4-A rating shall be noncombustible buildings or structures.Chimney stacks shall be readily available for use at recreational fires. constructed in accordance with the Building Code. 1102.4.4 Attendance. Recreational fires shall be constantly at- 1102.2.4 Maintenance. Incinerators shall be maintained in tended by a person knowledgeable in the use of the fire-extin- good condition at all times. guishing equipment required by Section 1102.4.3. An attendant shall supervise a recreational fire until such fire has been extin- 1102.2.5 Discontinuance. The chief is authorized to require in- guished. cinerator use to be immediately discontinued if the chief deter- 1102.4.5 Discontinuance. The chief is authorized to require that mines that smoke emissions are offensive to occupants of recreational fires be immediately discontinued if such fires are de- surrounding property or if the use of the incinerator is determined termined by the chief to constitute a hazardous condition. by the chief to constitute a hazardous condition. 1102.5 Commercial Barbecue Pits. 1102.3 Open Burning. 1102.5.1 Indoor locations. Barbecue pits used for commercial 1102.3.1 General. Open burning shall be conducted in accord- cooking operations in buildings shall be constructed as commer- ance with Section 1102.3.Open burning shall also be conducted as cial food heat-processing equipment in accordance with the Me- required by other governing agencies regulating emissions. chanical Code. See also Section 1006. EXCEPTION: Recreational fires shall be in accordance with Sec- 1102.5.2 Outdoor locations. tion 1102.4. 1102.5.2.1 Construction. Barbecue pits in outdoor locations 1102.3.2 Notification. Prior to commencement of open burn- shall be constructed of concrete or approved noncombustible ma- ing,the fire department shall be notified. terials. 1-41 1102.5.2.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1103.3.3.1 1102.5.2.2 Location. Barbecue pits outside of buildings shall 2. In covered metal or metal-lined receptacles or bins,or not be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of combustible walls or 3. Completely baled and stacked in an orderly manner in an ap- roofs or other combustible material. proved location. 1102.5.2.3 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extin- 1103.2.4 Combustible vegetation. Cut or uncut weeds, grass, guishers shall be provided for commercial barbecue pits in vines and other vegetation shall be removed when determined by accordance with UFC Standard 10-1. the chief to be a fire hazard.When the chief determines that total removal of growth is impractical due to size or environmental fac- SECTION 1103—COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS tors,approved fuel breaks shall be established.Designated areas shall be cleared of combustible vegetation to establish the fuel 1103.1 General. Storage, accumulation, use and handling of breaks. combustible materials shall be in accordance with Section 1103. 1103.3 Storage,Use and Handling of Miscellaneous Combus- 1103.2 Storage and Accumulation of Rubbish and Vegeta- tible Materials tion. 1103.3.1 General. Storage, use and handling of miscellaneous 1103.2.1 Rubbish within and adjacent to buildings and struc- combustible materials shall be in accordance with Section 1103.3. „ tures. 1103.3.2 Storage in buildings. 1103.2.1.1 General. Rubbish kept within or adjacent to build- 1103.3.2.1 General. Storage of combustible materials in ings or structures shall be in accordance with Section 1103.2.1. buildings shall be orderly. EXCEPTION:Commercial rubbish-handling operations shall be 1103.3.2.2 Ceiling clearance. Storage shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1103.2.3. 2 feet(610 mm)or more below the ceiling in nonsprinklered areas 1103.2.1.2 Required storage conditions. Combustible rubbish of buildings. kept or accumulated within or adjacent to buildings or structures Storage shall be maintained 18 inches(457 mm)or more below shall be in containers complying with Section 1103.2.1.4 or in sprinkler head deflectors in sprinklered areas of buildings. rooms or vaults constructed of noncombustible materials. 1103.3.2.3 Means of egress. Combustible material shall not be 1103.2.1.3 Oily rags. Oily rags and similar materials shall be stored in exits or exit enclosures. stored in metal, metal-lined or other approved containers equipped with tightfitting covers. 1103.3.2.4 Equipment rooms. Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms,mechanical rooms or electrical equip- 1103.2.1.4 Rubbish containers. ment rooms. 1103.2.1.4.1 General. Rubbish containers kept outside of 1103.3.2.5 Attic,under-floor and concealed spaces. Attic,un- rooms or vaults shall not exceed 40.5 cubic feet(1.15 m3)capac- der-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combustible ity. Containers exceeding 51/3 cubic feet [40 gallons (0.15 m3)] materials shall be protected on the storage side as required for one- shall be provided with lids. Such containers and lids shall be hour fire-resistive construction. Openings shall be protected by constructed of noncombustible materials or nonmetallic materials assemblies that are self-closing and are of noncombustible con- complying with Section 1103.2.1.4.2. struction or solid wood core not less than 13/4 inch(44.5 mm)in 1103.2.1.4.2 Nonmetallic containers. Nonmetallic rubbish thickness.Storage shall not be placed on exposed joists. containers exceeding 51/3 cubic feet[40 gallons(0.15 m3)]capac- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Areas protected by approved automatic sprin- ity shall be manufactured of materials having a peak rate of heat kler systems. release not exceeding 300 kW/m2 at a flux of 50 kW/m2 when 2. Group R,Division 3 and Group U Occupancies. tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See 1103.3.2.6 Fueled equipment. Fueled equipment,including but Article 90,Standard a.4.10.Such containers shall be permanently not limited to motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment and labeled indicating capacity and peak rate of heat release. portable cooking equipment,shall not be stored,operated or re- 1103.2.1.5 Removal. Combustible rubbish stored in containers paired within a building. outside of noncombustible vaults or rooms shall be removed from EXCEPTIONS: 1.Buildings or rooms constructed for such use in ' buildings at least once each working day. accordance with the Building Code. 2. When allowed by other provisions of this code. 1103.2.2 Rubbish within dumpsters. Dumpsters and contain- The chief is authorized to require removal of such equipment ers with an individual capacity of 1.5 cubic yards[40.5 cubic feet from any location when the presence of such equipment is deter- (1.15 m3)]or more shall not be stored in buildings or placed within mined by the chief to be hazardous. 5 feet(1524 mm)of combustible walls,openings or combustible For requirements in covered mall buildings,see Section 3504.3. roof eave lines. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Areas containing dumpsters or containers 1103.3.3 Use of combustible decorative materials. protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. 1103.3.3.1 General. Combustible decorative materials used in 2. Structures of Types I and II fire-resistive construction used for Group A;Group H and M wholesale and retail stores;Group E; dumpster or container storage located not less than 10 feet(3048 mm) from other buildings. Group I; and public areas of Group R, Division 1 Occupancies shall be flame resistant as determined by procedures set forth in 1103.2.3 Commercial rubbish-handling operations. Occu- Section lt03.3.3. pancies exclusively performing commercial rubbish handling or EXCEPTIONS: 1.The display of salable goods. recycling shall maintain rubbish or product to be processed or re- 2. Educational materials and product brochures that are stored,dis- cycled as follows: tributed and maintained in an approved manner. 1. In approved vaults, 3. Live vegetation of an approved type. 1-42 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1103.3.3.1 1107.1 4. Individual decorative items of a size and separated from others, 1103.3.5.4 Height. Storage in the open shall not exceed 20 feet as approved. (6096 mm)in height. 1103.3.3.2 Textile and film materials. Textile and film materi- 1103.3.6 Outside storage of tires. als shall be treated and maintained flame resistant in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Stand- 1103.3.6.1 General. Outside tire storage shall be in accordance and n.2.3. with Section 1103.3.6. 1103.3.3.3 Wood. Wood materials less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) 1103.3.6.2 Individual piles. Tires shall be restricted to individu- nominal thickness shall be treated with a flame-retardant coating al piles not exceeding 5,000 square feet(464.5 m2)of continuous in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article area.Piles shall not exceed 50,000 cubic feet(1415.8 m3)in vol- 90,Standard n.2.4. ume or 10 feet(3048 mm)in height. 1103.3.3.4 Foam plastics. Foam plastics and materials contain- 1103.3.6.3 Separation. A clear space of at least 40 feet(12 192 ing foam plastics shall be in accordance with the following: mm) shall be provided between piles. The clear space shall not contain flammable or combustible material or vegetation. Tire 1. Exhibit booth construction shall have a maximum heat- storage shall not be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of any prop- release rate of 100 kilowatts when tested in accordance with na- erty line or building and shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in tionally recognized standards. See Article 90,Standard u.1.15. height when within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any property line or 2. Decorative objects,including but not limited to mannequins, building. murals and signs,shall have a maximum heat-release rate of 150 kilowatts when tested in accordance with nationally recognized SECTION 1104—PARADE FLOATS standards. See Article 90,Standard u.1.15. 1104.1 Decorative Material. Decorative material on parade EXCEPTION: When the aggregate area of murals,signs or simi- floats shall be noncombustible or flame retardant. lar decorative objects occupies less than 10 percent of the floor or wall area,this requirement may be waived by the chief. 1104.2 Fire Protection. Motorized parade floats and towing ap- 3. Theater,motion picture and television stage settings with or paratus shall be provided with a minimum 2-A, 10-B:C-rated without horizontal projections and simulated caves or caverns portable fire extinguisher readily accessible to the operator. shall have a maximum heat-release rate of 100 kilowatts when tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See SECTION 1105—ASPHALT KETTLES Article 90,Standard u.1.15. 1103.3.3.5 Nonfoam plastics. Plastic materials other than foam 1105.1 Transporting. Asphalt kettles shall not be transported plastics shall be flame resistant or shall be rendered flame resistant on a highway,road or street when the heat source for the kettle is by treating with a flame-retardant coating. operating. EXCEPTION: Asphalt kettles in the process of patching road sur- 1103.3.3.6 Maintenance of flame-resistant treatments. Treat- faces. ments used to render materials flame resistant shall be renewed as 1105.2 Use. Asphalt kettles shall not be used inside or on the roof often as necessary to maintain the materials' flame resistance in of a building. accordance with Section 1103.3.3. 1105.3 Fire Protection. A minimum 20-B:C-rated portable fire 1103.3.4 Atrium furnishings. extinguisher shall be located within 30 feet(9144 mm)of each as- 1103.3.4.1 Potential heat. Potential heat of combustible fur- phalt kettle when the heat source is operating. A minimum 20-B:C-rated portable fire extinguisher shall also be located on nishings and decorative materials within atria shall not exceed roofs during asphalt coating operations. 9,000 Btu per pound(20 934 J/g)when located within an area that is more than 20 feet(6096 mm)below ceiling-level sprinklers. 1105.4 Covers. Asphalt kettles shall be equipped with tightfit- ting covers. 1103.3.4.2 Decorative materials. Decorative material in atria shall be noncombustible,flame resistant or treated with a flame re- 1105.5 Location. Asphalt kettles shall not be located within tardant. 20 feet (6096 mm) of any combustible material, combustible building surface or building opening. 1103.3.5 Outside storage. 1105.E Attendant. An attendant shall be within 100 feet(30 480 1103.3.5.1 Location. Outside storage of combustible materials mm)of a kettle when the heat source is operating.Ladders or simi- shall not be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of a property line. lar obstacles shall not form a part of the route between the atten- EXCEPTIONS: 1. The separation distance is allowed to be re- dant and the kettle. duced to 3 feet(914 mm)for storage not exceeding 6 feet(1829 mm) EXCEPTION: Thermostatically controlled kettles. in height. 2. The separation distance is allowed to be reduced when the chief SECTION 1106—GAS METERS AND PIPING determines that no hazard to the adjoining property exists. 1103.3.5.2 Storage beneath buildings and structures. Com- Aboveground gas meters,regulators and piping exposed to vehic- bustible material shall not be stored beneath a building or struc- ular damage due to proximity to alleys,driveways or parking areas ture. shall be protected in an approved manner. 1103.3.5.3 Storage beneath overhead projections from build- SECTION 1107—HEAT-PRODUCING APPLIANCES ings. Combustible materials stored or displayed outside of build- ings that are protected by automatic sprinklers shall not be stored 1107.1 General. Heating appliances shall be installed and main- or displayed under unsprinklered eaves,canopies or other projec- tained in accordance with their listing and the Building,Electrical tions or overhangs. and Mechanical codes.Clearance from combustible material shall 1-43 1107.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1109.8.2 be maintained as set forth in the Building and Mechanical codes maintained. When necessary,the chief is authorized to designate and the product listing. specific safe locations in any building, structure or place where 1107.2 Clothes Dryers. Clothes dryers shall be frequently smoking is allowed. cleaned to maintain the lint trap,mechanical and heating compo- 1109.4.2 Hazardous environmental conditions. When the nents free from excessive accumulations of lint. chief determines that hazardous environmental conditions EXCEPTION: Clothes dryers within private dwelling units of necessitate controlled use of smoking materials,the ignition or use Group R Occupancies. of such materials in mountainous, brush-covered or forest- covered areas or other designated areas is prohibited. SECTION 1108-POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS EXCEPTION: Approved designated smoking areas. 1109.5 Burning Objects. Lighted matches,cigarettes,cigars or 1108.1 General. Powered industrial trucks shall be operated and other burning objects shall not be discarded in such a manner that maintained in accordance with Section 1108. could cause ignition of other combustible material. 1108.2 Battery Chargers. Battery chargers shall be of an 1109.6 Hot Ashes and Spontaneous Ignition Sources. Hot approved type. Combustible storage shall be kept a minimum of ashes, cinders, smoldering coals or greasy or oily materials 5 feet(1524 mm)from battery chargers.Battery charging shall not subject to spontaneous ignition shall not be deposited in a be conducted in areas accessible to the public. combustible receptacle, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of other combustible material including combustible walls and partitions 1108.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in an approved or within 2 feet(610 mm)of openings to buildings. manner in battery-charging areas to prevent a dangerous accu- EXCEPTION: The separation distance to other combustible ma- mulation of flammable gases. terials is allowed to be reduced to 2 feet(610 mm)when the dangerous 1108.4 Fire Extinguishers. Battery-charging areas shall be pro- material is deposited in covered metal or noncombustible receptacles vided with a fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of which are placed on a noncombustible floor,ground surface or stand. 4-A-20B:C within 20 feet(6096 mm)of the battery charger. 1109.7 Sparks from Chimneys. Chimneys used with fireplaces or heating appliances in which solid or liquid fuel is used shall be 1108.5 Refueling. Industrial trucks using liquid fuel or LP-gas maintained with a spark arrester as required for incinerators by the shall be refueled outside of buildings or in areas specifically Mechanical Code. approved for that purpose, and in accordance with Articles 79 EXCEPTION: Chimneys which are located more than 200 feet and 82. (60 960 mm)from any mountainous,brush-covered or forest-covered land or land covered with flammable material and are not attached to 1108.E Repairs. Repairs to fuel systems, electrical systems or a structure having less than a Class C roof covering,as set forth in the repairs utilizing open flame or welding shall be done in approved Building Code. locations outside of buildings or in areas specifically approved for 1109.8 Requirements for Use of Candles and Other Open- that purpose. flame Decorative Devices. SECTION 1109-CONTROL OF SOURCES OF 1109.8.1 General. The use of candles and other open-flame dec- orative devices in places of assembly and drinking or dining estab- lishments shall be in accordance with Section 1109.8. 1109.1 General. Ignition sources shall be in accordance with 1109.8.2 Candles and other open-flame decorative devi- Section 1109. ces. Candles and other open-flame decorative devices shall be in 1109.2 Clearance from Ignition Sources. Clearance between accordance with the following: ignition sources,such as light fixtures,heaters and flame-produc- 1.Classes I and II liquids and LP-gas shall not be used. ing devices, and combustible storage shall be maintained in an 2.Liquid-or solid-fueled lighting devices containing more than approved manner. 8 ounces(236.6 ml)must self-extinguish and not leak fuel at a rate 1109.3 Portable Fueled Open-flame Devices. Portable open- of more than 1/4 teaspoon per minute(1.26 ml per minute)if tipped flame devices fueled by flammable or combustible gases or liq- over. uids shall be enclosed or installed in such a manner as to prevent 3.The devices or holder shall be constructed to prevent the spil- the flame from contacting any combustible material. lage of liquid fuel or wax at the rate of more than /4 teaspoon per EXCEPTIONS: 1. LP-gas-fueled devices as set forth in Article minute(1.26 ml per minute)when the device or holder is not in an 82 not used for sweating pipe joints or removing paint. upright position. 2. Cutting and welding operations as set forth in Article 49. 4.The device or holder shall be designed so that it will return to 3. Torches or flame-producing devices used as set forth in the upright position after being tilted to an angle of 45 degrees Article 49. from vertical. 4.Candles and open-flame decorative devices as set forth in Sec- EXCEPTION:Units that self-extinguish if tipped over and do not tion 1109.8. spill fuel or wax at the rate of more than 1/4 teaspoon per minute(1.26 1109.4 Smoking. ml per minute)if tipped over. 5.The flame shall be enclosed except as follows: 1109.4.1 Designated areas. When the chief determines that 5.1 Openings on the side shall not be more than 3/8 inch smoking constitutes a fire hazard in any areas of piers,wharves, (9.5 mm)diameter. warehouses,stores,industrial plants,institutions,schools,places of assembly and in open spaces where combustible materials are 5.2 Openings on the top and the distance to the top shall be stored or handled, the chief is authorized to order the owner or such that a piece of tissue paper placed on the top will not occupant to post approved NO SMOKING signs in each building, ignite in 10 seconds. structure, room or place in which smoking is prohibited. Such 6. Chimneys shall be made of noncombustible materials.Such signs shall be conspicuously and suitably located and shall be chimneys shall be securely attached to the open-flame device. 1-44 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1109.8.2 1113 EXCEPTION: The chimney need not be attached to any open- 1110.3 Maintenance of Vacant Buildings and Properties. Va- flame device that will self-extinguish if the device is tipped over. cant buildings and properties shall be maintained free of accumu- 7. Fuel canisters shall be safely sealed for storage. lations of combustible or hazardous materials. 8. Storage and handling of combustible liquids shall be in Vacant buildings shall be maintained,securely locked or barri- accordance with Article 79. caded to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. 9. Shades,if used,shall be made of noncombustible materials and securely attached to the open-flame device holder or chimney. SECTION 1111 —MAINTENANCE OF FIRE-RESISTIVE 10. Candelabras with flame-lighted candles shall be securely CONSTRUCTION fastened in place to prevent overturning and located away from 1111.1 Fire-resistive Construction. Required fire-resistive occupants using the area and away from possible contact with construction, including occupancy separations, area separation drapes,curtains or other combustibles. walls,exterior walls due to location on property,fire-resistive re- 1109.8.3 Religious ceremonies. When, in the opinion of the quirements based on type of construction, draft-stop partitions chief, adequate safeguards have been taken, participants in and roof coverings shall be maintained as specified in the Building religious ceremonies are allowed to carry handheld candles. Code and this code and shall be properly repaired,restored or re- Handheld candles shall not be passed from one person to another placed when damaged,altered,breached,penetrated,removed or while lighted. improperly installed. 1109.8.4 Theatrical performances. When approved, open- When required fire-rated gypsum wallboard walls or ceilings flame devices used in conjunction with theatrical performances are broken to the extent that through openings exist,the damaged are allowed to be used when adequate safety precautions have gypsum wallboard shall be replaced or returned to the required been taken. level of fire resistance using a listed repair system or using materi- als and methods equivalent to the original construction. 1109.9 Flaming Food and Beverage Preparation. For permits to repair, replace or restore required fire-resistive I 1109.9.1 General. The preparation of flaming foods or bever- construction,see the Building Code. ages in places of assembly and drinking or dining establishments 1111.2 Fire Doors, Windows, Dampers and Other Fire As- shall be in accordance with Section 1109.9. semblies for Protection of Openings. 1109.9.2 Dispensing. Flammable or combustible liquids used in 1111.2.1 Maintenance. Required fire assemblies shall be main- the preparation of flaming foods or beverages shall be dispensed tained as specified in the Building Code and this code. These from one of the following: assemblies shall bear an approved label or other identification 1.A 1-ounce(29.6 ml)container or showing the rating thereof and shall be properly repaired,restored 2.A container not exceeding 1 quart(946.5 ml)capacity with a or replaced when damaged, altered, breached, penetrated, controlled-pouring device that will limit the flow to a 1-ounce removed or improperly installed. (29.6 ml)serving. 1111.2.2 Operation. Fire assemblies shall not be obstructed or 1109.9.2.1 Containers not in use. Containers shall be secured otherwise impaired from their proper operation at any time. to prevent spillage when not in use. 1111.2.3 Identification. When required by the chief,a sign shall 1109.9.2.2 Serving of flaming food. The serving of flaming be displayed permanently near or on each required fire door in let- foods or beverages shall be done in a safe manner and shall not ters not less than 1 inch(25.4 mm)high to read as follows: create high flames.The pouring,ladling or spooning of liquids is FIRE DOOR restricted to a maximum height of 8 inches(203 mm)above the DO NOT OBSTRUCT receiving receptacle. 1111.2.4 Testing. Horizontal or vertical sliding and rolling fire 1109.9.3 Location. Flaming foods or beverages shall be pre- doors shall be inspected and tested annually by the owner or the pared only in the immediate vicinity of the table being serviced. owner's authorized representative to check for proper operation They shall not be transported or carried while burning. and full closure.Resetting of the release mechanism shall be done 1109.9.4 Fire protection. The person preparing the flaming in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions. A foods or beverages shall have a wet cloth towel immediately avail- Written record shall be maintained and shall be available to the fin- able for use in smothering the flames in the event of an emergency. spection authority. SECTION 1110—VACANT BUILDINGS SECTION 1112—MAINTENANCE OF INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISHES 1110.1 General. Buildings and properties which are vacant or in Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be in accordance with the I the process of being vacated shall be in accordance with Sec- Building Code. tion 1110. EXCEPTION: Occupancies regulated by Article 80. SECTION 1113— FLOOR OPENINGS 1110.2 Removal of Combustible and Hazardous Materi- als. Upon vacating or abandoning a building or property, the Floor openings shall be surrounded by guardrails as set forth in the owner or occupant thereof shall remove all combustible and haz- Building Code or shall have covers which are automatic closing or ardous materials. maintained in a closed position at all times. 1-45 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1201 1207.3 ARTICLE 12-MAINTENANCE OF MEANS OF EGRESS AND EMERGENCY ESCAPES SECTION 1201 —GENERAL 1. In areas serving employees only, the minimum aisle width B shall be 24 inches(610 mm)but not less than the width required by B 1201.1 Scope. Maintenance of means of egress and emergency the number of employees served. B escapes in buildings and structures used or intended to be used for B human occupancy shall be in accordance with Article 12. 2.In public areas of Groups B and M Occupancies, the mini- B mum clear aisle width shall be 36 inches(914 mm)where seats, B See Articles 24,25,32,77 and 81 for additional means of egress tables, counters, furnishings, displays and similar fixtures or B requirements. equipment are placed on one side of the aisle only and 44 inches B All references to the Building Code are to the code edition under (1118 mm)when such fixtures or equipment are placed on both B which the building was constructed. sides of the aisle. B 1201.2 Definitions. For definitions,see Article 2 and the Build- SECTION 1205—FIRE ESCAPE ing Code. When fire escapes are used as an approved means of egress,they shall be maintained in accordance with this code.Fire escapes and SECTION 1202—ADEQUACY OF MEANS OF related balconies, ladders, landings and operating devices shall EGRESS IN EXISTING OCCUPANCIES not be obstructed in any manner. 1202.1 General. Means of egress conforming to the require- SECTION 1206—EMERGENCY ESCAPES B ments of the Building Code under which they were constructed B B may be considered as complying means of egress if,in the opinion Emergency escape or rescue windows,doors or window wells re- B B of the chief,they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life.The quired by the Building Code for sleeping rooms of Group R B required fire-resistive rating of walls,ceilings and openings that Occupancies shall be maintained free of any obstruction, B are part of a means of egress shall be maintained. including bars, grates or similar devices which would inhibit B Buildings or structures that were not constructed under the egress. B requirements of a building code shall meet the minimum require- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Bars, grilles, grates or similar devices are B ments of Article 12.See also Appendices I-A and I-B. allowed provided that such devices are equipped with approved release B mechanisms which are openable from the inside without the use of a B 1202.2 Abatement of Buildings and Structures with Inade- key or special knowledge or effort, the release mechanisms are Bg maintained operable, and the building is equipped with smoke quate Means of Egress. Buildings or structures that are not pro- gdetectors installed in accordance with the Building Code. B vided with adequate means of egress or emergency escapes are 2. [For SFMJ For those Group R,Division I hotel occupancies pro- C L unsafe and shall be subject to the abatement procedures specified vided with a monitored automatic sprinkler system in accordance with C L Iin Section 103.4.5.When abatement is by repair or rehabilitation, Section 1003.2.9, designed in accordance with NFPA 13, operable A L means of egress and emergency escapes shall be provided and windows may be permanently restricted to a masimmn 4 inch(102 mm) C Lmaintained in accordance with the Building Code. open position. A L SECTION 1207—DOORS SECTION 1203—MEANS OF EGRESS OBSTRUCTIONS 1207.1 General. Exit doors shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1207.Exit doors shall be maintained in an operable Obstructions,including storage,shall not be placed in the required condition.Doors installed as part of required fire assemblies shall width of a means of egress,except projections as allowed by the be maintained in accordance with Section 1111. Building Code. Means of egress shall not be obstructed in any 1207.2 Swing and Opening Force. When required by the manner and shall remain free of any material or matter where its Building Code,exit doors shall be of the pivoted or side-hinged B presence would obstruct or render the means of egress hazardous. B swinging type.Exit doors shall swing in the direction of the path of B exit travel when serving any hazardous area or when the area B BSECTION 1204—AISLES served has an occupant load of 50 or more.The door shall swing to B B full-open position when an opening force not to exceed 30 pounds B B 1204.1 General. Aisles shall be provided from all occupied (133.45 N)is applied to the latch side. B B portions of the exit access which contain seats,tables,furnishings, 1207.3 Locking Devices. Exit doors shall be openable from the B B displays and similar fixtures or equipment.Aisles located within inside without the use of a key or any special knowledge or effort. B B an accessible route of travel shall also comply with the Building Exit doors shall not be locked,chained,bolted,barred,latched or 13 B B Code requirements for accessibility. (See UBC Chapter 11.) otherwise rendered unusable. All locking devices shall be of an B B 1204.2 Aisle Width. approved type. B B EXCEPTIONS: 1. In Groups A, Division 3; B; F; M and S B B 1204.2.1 General. Aisle width shall be in accordance with Sec- Occupancies and in all churches,key-locking hardware may be used B B tion 1204.2 for occupancies, other than assembly occupancies, on the main exit when the main exit consists of a single door or pair of B B without fixed seats.Aisle width in assembly occupancies shall be doors if there is a readily visible,durable sign on,or adjacent to,the B B in accordance with Section 2501.9. door stating THIS DOOR MUST REMAIN UNLOCKED DURING g B BUSINESS HOURS.This sign shall be in letters not less than I inch B BB mm) high on a contrasting background. When unlocked, the B g 1204.2.2 Width in occupancies without fixed seats. The width single door or both leaves of a pair of doors must be free to swing B B of aisles in occupancies without fixed seats shall be provided in without operation of any latching device.The use of this exception may B B accordance with the following: be revoked by the chief or building official for due cause. B 1-47 1207.3 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE'CODE 1212.2 B 2.Exit doors from individual dwelling units;Group R,Division 3 SECTION 1209—CORRIDORS B B congregate residences; and guest rooms of Group R Occupancies B B having an occupant load of 10 or less may be provided with a night Corridors shall be maintained in accordance with the Building g B latch,dead bolt or security chain,provided such devices are openable Code. Partitions, rails, counters and similar space.dividers not g g from the inside without the use of a key or tool and mounted at a height over 6 feet(1829 mm)in height above the floor shall not be con- B B not to exceed 48 inches(1219 mm)above the finished floor. g B strued to form corridors. B Manually operated edge- or surface-mounted flush bolts and B surface bolts are prohibited.When exit doors are used in pairs and B approved automatic flush bolts are used,the door leaf having the SECTION 1210—STAIRWAYS AND RAMPS B automatic flush bolts shall have no door knob or surface-mounted 1210.1 General. Stairways shall be maintained in accordance B hardware.The unlatching of any leaf shall not require more than with the Building Code. B one operation. B EXCEPTIONS: I.Group R,Division 3 Occupancies. 1210.2 Barriers: Barriers provided in exit stairways to prevent g egress traffic ascending or descending a stairway from going be- B 2.When a pair of doors serving a room not normally occupied is yond the grade level shall be maintained in an operable condition. B needed for the movement of equipment,manually operated edge or BB surface bolts may be used and a door closer need not be provided on 1210.3 Storage under Stairways. Storage is prohibited under g the inactive leaf. exit stairways. B B 1207.4 Panic Hardware. Panic hardware,when installed,shall EXCEPTION: Storage is allowed under interior or exterior stair- B comply with the requirements of the Building Code. The ways when such stairways are not within exit enclosures and such Bactivating member shall be mounted at a height of not less than spaces are protected on the enclosed side by one-hour fire-resistive B 30 inches(762 mm)nor more than 44 inches(1118 mm)above the, construction as specified in the Building Code. Bfloor.The unlatching force shall not exceed 15 pounds(66.72 N) 1210.4 Stairway Identification. Approved stairway identifica- B when applied in the direction of travel. tion signs shall be located at each floor level in all enclosed stair- B ways in buildings four or more stories in height.The sign shall g When balanced doors are used and panic hardware is required, B panic hardware shall be of the push-pad type and the pad shall not identify the stairway, indicate whether there is roof access, the B extend across more than one half of the width of the door measured floor level,and the upper and lower terminus of the stairway.The B from the latch side. sign shall be located approximately 5 feet(1524 mm)above the floor landing in a position which is readily visible when the door is 1207.5 Special Egress-control Devices. When special egress- in the open or closed position.See Appendix I-C. control devices or systems are installed,such devices or systems 1210.5 Enclosures. Stair and ramp enclosures required by the shall be maintained in accordance with the Building Code require- Building Code shall be maintained and shall not have openings L A ments for the original installation. (For SFM] See Section other than exit doorways and openings in exterior walls. t. C 1007.2.14 for design of automatic smoke-detection systems in L C association with new special egress-control devices. 1210.6 Ramps. Ramps used as exits shall be maintained in ac- cordance with the Building Code. B 1207.6 Door Identification. Exit doors shall be readily distin- B guishable from the adjacent construction and shall be easily rec- B ognizable as exit doors. SECTION 1211 —MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION B B 1207.7 Additional Doors. When required by the Building 1211.1 General. Means of.egress illumination shall be provided B and maintained in accordance with the Building Code. Means B Code, additional doors provided for egress purposes shall be in B accordance with all provisions of Article 12. of egress shall be illuminated when the building or structure is occupied. 1211.2 Emergency Power Equipment. Equipment providing SECTION 1208—GATES AND BARRIERS emergency power for means of egress illumination and exit signs 1208.1 General. Gates and barriers installed in means of egress shall be maintained in an operable condition. pathways shall be in accordance with Section 1208. B SECTION 1212—MEANS OF EGRESS g 1208.2 Latch. Gates and barriers shall be openable without the IDENTIFICATION e use of a key or any special knowledge or effort.Gates and barriers B in a means of egress shall not be locked,chained,bolted,barred, 1212.1 General.For the purposes of the Building Code,the term B exit sign"shall mean those required signs which indicate the path B latched or otherwise rendered unopenable at times when the build- of exit travel within the means of egress system. ing or area served by the means of egress is occupied. B EXCEPTION: Gates or barriers used to restrict access to various 1212.2 Where Required.The path of exit travel to and within B portions of a building or area,provided the gates or barriers do not exits in a building shall be identified by exit signs conforming to B obstruct access to required means of egress from occupied spaces and the requirements of the Building Code.Exit signs shall be readily B any dead ends created by the installation of such devices do not exceed visible from any direction of approach.Exit signs shall be located B 20 feet(6096 mm)in length. as necessary to clearly indicate the direction of egress travel.No B 1208.3 Width. Gates and barriers installed across a means of point shall be more than 100 feet(30 480 mm)from the nearest B egress shall be of sufficient size as to be capable of opening so that visible sign. B the clear width of the opening is not less than the width required by EXCEPTIONS: 1.Main exterior exit doors which obviously and B the Building Code. clearly are identifiable as exit doors need not have exit signs when B approved by the building official. B 1208.4 Swing. Gates and barriers installed across a means of 2.Rooms or areas which require only one exit or exit access. B egress shall swing in the direction of travel when required by the 3.in Group R,Division 3 Occupancies and within individual units B Building Code for exit doors. of Group R,Division 1 Occupancies. g 1-48 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1212.2 1213.3 B 4.Exits or exit access from rooms or areas with an occupant load of which are internally or externally illuminated,photoluminescent B B less than 50 where located within a Group 1,Division 1.1, 1.2 or z or self-luminous,shall be provided in all corridors serving guest B B Occupancy or a Group E.Division 3 day-care occupancy. rooms of hotels in Group R,Division 1 Occupancies. B B 1212.3 Graphics.The color and design of lettering,arrows and e The bottom of such sign shall not be less than 6 inches(152 mm) 8 e other symbols on exit signs shall be in high contrast with their e s nor more than 8 inches(203 mm)above the floor level and shall 8 B background.Exit signs shall have the word"EXIT"on the sign in 8 e indicate the path of exit travel.For exit and exit-access doors,the B e block capital letters not less than 6 inches(152 mm)in height with B e sign shall be on the door or adjacent to the door with the closest e B a stroke of not less than 3/4 inch(19 mm).The word"EXIT"shall edge of the sign within 4 inches(102 mm)of the door frame. B B have letters having a width of not less than 2 inches (51 mm) B e 1212.7 Amusement Building Exit Marking. Approved direc- B e except for the letter"I"and a minimum spacing between letters of B not less than 3/8 inch(9.5 mm).Signs with lettering larger than the tional exit marking and exit signs shall be provided in accordance B B with the Building Code. Approved low-level exit signs and 8 B minimum dimensions established herein shall have the letter B B width,stroke and spacing in proportion to their height. directional marking shall not be less than 6 inches(152 mm)nor B more than 8 inches(203 mm)above the walking surface and shall 8 B1212.4 Illumination.Exit signs shall be internally or externally indicate the exit path. Such marking shall be activated in B B illuminated.When the face of an exit sign.is illuminated from an accordance with the Building Code.(See UBC Section 408.5.3.) B B external source, it shall have an intensity of not less than B 5 footcandles(54 Ix)from either of two electric lamps.Internally 1212.8 Concealment and Obstruction. Exit signs and direc- B illuminated signs shall provide equivalent luminance and be listed tional exit markings shall not be concealed or obstructed. B for the purpose. BEXCEPTION:Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly SECTION 1213—DISCHARGE,DISPERSAL AND B illuminated letters that have a minimum luminance of 0.06 foot lambert B (0.21 cd/m2). REFUGE B 1212.5 Power Source.All exit signs shall be illuminated at all 1213.1 General. Areas designated for occupant discharge, B times.To ensure continued illumination for a duration of not less dispersal or refuge shall be maintained unobstructed and clear of B than 11/2 hours in case of primary power loss,the exit signs shall storage. B additionally be connected to an emergency electrical system pro- B vided from storage batteries,unit equipment or an on-site genera- 1213.2 Means of Egress Plans. Approved plans for means of B for set and the system shall be installed in accordance with the egress shall be posted when required by the chief. B Electrical Code.For high-rise buildings, see Section 403 of the B Building Code. 1213.3 Special Means of Egress Facilities. When special B conditions exist for mean of egress,such as exit access through an B EXCEPTION:Approved self-luminous signs that provide con[in- adjacent room,exit courts and exterior exits,the means of egress B uous illumination independent of an external power source. system shall be maintained.When areas in a room are dedicated B 1212.6 Floor-level Exit Signs.Where exit signs are required by for means of egress use, the spaces so dedicated shall remain 8 the Building Code, additional approved low-level exit signs usable at all times the building is occupied. 1-49 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1301 1303.3.5.3 ARTICLE 13- EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 1301 —GENERAL EXCEPTION:During severe weather,fire drills may be postponed when approved. 1301.1 Scope. Reporting of emergencies,emergency plans and 2. Extent of evacuation.Fire drills shall include the complete emergency procedures shall be in accordance with Article 13.See evacuation of all persons from the building or portion thereof used also Articles 51,80 and 81. for educational purposes. 1301.2 Definitions. For definitions of ALARM, FALSE EXCEPTION:The staff member responsible for notifying the fire ALARM,and FIRE,see Article 2. department and handling emergency communications. 3. Fire department notification.When required by the chief, the fire department shall be notified prior to each drill. SECTION 1302—REPORTING OF EMERGENCIES 4. Initiation.When a fire alarm system is provided,fire drills AND FALSE ALARMS shall be initiated by activation of the fire alarm system. 1302.1 General. Reporting of fires and hazardous materials re- 1303.3.4 Group I Occupancies. leases shall be in accordance with Section 1302. 1303.3.4.1 Emergency plan. Additional information provided 1302.2 Reporting Emergencies. In the event a fire occurs or the on emergency plans shall include procedures for use of alarms, discovery of a fire,smoke or unauthorized release of flammable or notification of occupants and emergency responders in the event hazardous materials on any property occurs, the owner or occu- of alarm system malfunctions,isolating the fire,evacuating each pant shall without delay report such condition to the fire depart- fire area and the building,and relocating nonambulatory persons. ment. Copies of the plan shall be given to all supervisory personnel and a 1302.3 False Alarms. False alarms shall not be given,signaled copy shall be available on the premises to all personnel at all times. or transmitted or caused or permitted to be given, signaled or 1303.3.4.2 Training. transmitted in any manner. 1303.3.4.2.1 General. In addition to other specific duty assign- ments,all employees shall be trained to recognize and respond to SECTION 1303—EMERGENCY PLANS AND fire alarm signals,and to initiate fire alarm signals utilizing both PROCEDURES the fire alarm system and the public address system when pro- vided. 1303.1 General. Emergency plans,staff training and fire drills 1303.3.4.2.2 Training frequency. Employees shall be provided shall be provided in accordance with Section 1303. See also with refresher training for their assigned duties every six months. Appendix I-B. 1303.3.4.3 Fire drills. Fire drills shall be conducted quarterly 1303.2 Implementation. In the event a fire is detected in a for each shift.Fire drills shall be for staff members only.Fire drills building or a fire alarm activates, the emergency plan shall be shall be initiated by either the activation of the fire alarm system or implemented. a coded public announcement. 1303.3 Occupancy-based Requirements. 1303.3.4.4 Additional requirements for occupancies with 1303.3.1 General. Emergency plans, employee duty assign- restrained occupants. ments, employee training and fire drills as specified in Sections 1303.3.4.4.1 Staffing. Group I Occupancies with restrained 1303.4, 1303.5 and 1303.6 shall be provided in Groups A,E,I and occupants shall be staffed at all times.Staff shall be within three Group R,Division 1 Occupancies.Additional requirements shall floors or 300 feet(91 440 mm)horizontally to the access door of be as set forth in Sections 1303.3.2 through 1303.3.5. each occupant housing area. When staff is located outside of a locked occupant housing area,the staff shall be able to release all religious worship withh an occupant nt load of less than 2,000. EXCEPTIONS: Group Occupancies used exclusively for locks necessary for emergency evacuation or rescue and initiate 2.Group A,Division 3 Occupancies. other actions required by the emergency plan to initiate evacua- 3. Group R,Division 1 Occupancy apartments without full-time tion within two minutes. staff need only comply with Section 1303.3.5.3. 1303.3.4.4.2 Notification by occupants. Provisions shall be 1303.3.2 Group A Occupancies. Fire drills shall be conducted made so that restrained occupants can notify the staff of an emer- quarterly and shall be for employees only. gency. 1303.3.3 Group E Occupancies. 1303.3.4.4.3 Keys. Keys necessary for the unlocking of exit doors shall be individually identifiable by both sight and touch. 1303.3.3.1 General. Exterior assembly areas shall be desig- 1303.3.5 Group R,Division 1 Occupancies. nated and shall be located away from the building being evacuated and so as to avoid interference with fire department operations. 1303.3.5.1 Fire drills. Fire drills shall be conducted quarterly Exterior assembly areas shall be arranged to keep each evacuated for each shift.Fire drills shall be for staff members only. class or group separated to provide accountability of all individu- als involved in the drill. 1303.3.5.2 Means of egress diagrams. A diagram depicting two evacuation routes shall be posted on or immediately adjacent 1303.3.3.2 Fire drills. Fire drills in Group E Occupancies shall to every required exit door from a sleeping room. be conducted as follows: EXCEPTION: Posting of diagrams is not required in apartment 1. Frequency.Fire drills shall be conducted at least once each buildings. month during school sessions. 1303.3.5.3 Fire emergency guide for apartment buildings. 1-51 1303.3.5.3.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1303.6.4 1303.3.5.3.1 General. A fire emergency guide shall be provided 1303.5 Employee Duties, Assignments and Training. When for apartment buildings which describes the location,function and required by Section 1303.3,all employees shall be assigned duties use of all fire-protection equipment and appliances accessible to for emergencies and shall be trained in their duties in accordance tenants, including fire alarm systems,single-station smoke detec- with Section 1303.5. Training shall include familiarization with tors and portable fire extinguishers.The guide shall also include assigned duties, evacuation routes, areas of refuge, exterior an emergency evacuation plan for each dwelling unit. assembly areas and procedures for leading groups or assisting 1303.3.5.3.2 Review and maintenance of guides. Emergency individuals to evacuate. guides shall be reviewed by the owner or manager at least annually Employees shall be trained to know the locations and proper use and revised whenever changes are made in the occupancy or of portable fire extinguishers. Employees shall be familiar with physical arrangement of the building.Emergency guides and revi- fire alarm signals, when alarms are provided, and emergency sions shall be submitted to the fire department for review when action required under potential emergency conditions. required by the chief. Employees shall receive training in the emergency plans and 1303.3.5.3.3 Distribution. A copy of the emergency guide shall their duties as part of new employee orientation and at least annu- be given to each tenant prior to the time of initial occupancy. ally thereafter. 1303.3.6 Group R,Division 4 Occupancies. When Appendix 1303.6 Fire Drills. Chapter 3,Division IV,of the Building Code is adopted,Group R, Division 4 Occupancies shall comply with all of the emergency 1303.6.1 General. When required by Section 1303.3,fire drills plans and procedures requirements set forth in Section 1303 for a shall be conducted in accordance with Section 1303.6.Fire drills Group I Occupancy. shall be conducted in a manner that provides for execution of pro- 1303.4 Emergency Plans. cedures set forth in the emergency plan. In addition, fire drills shall include a review of the emergency plan and execution of 1303.4.1 General. Emergency plans shall include the procedure assigned employee duties. for reporting of emergencies and notifying, relocating and eva- When fire drills are conducted, the orderly evacuation of the cuating occupants;staff member duties during emergencies;floor building shall receive priority over the speed of evacuation. plans identifying the locations of portable fire extinguishers,other manual fire-extinguishing equipment,manual fire alarm pull sta- 1303.6.2 Drill participation. When fire drills are conducted,all tions and fire alarm control panels;floor plans identifying the pri- persons who are subject to the fire drill requirements shall partici- mary and secondary routes of evacuation for each room or portion pate in the drill. of the occupancy; floor plans indicating the locations of interior areas of refuge;and site maps identifying the designated exterior 1303.6.3 Drill times and conditions. Fire drills shall be con- assembly area for each evacuation route. ducted at varying times and under varying conditions to simulate 1303.4.2 Review. Emergency plans shall be submitted to the fire conditions that could occur during a fire or other emergency. department for review when required by the chief. 1303.6.4 Records. Records of fire drills shall be maintained on 1303.4.3 Maintenance. Emergency plans shall be reviewed and the premises for review by the fire department. Records shall updated annually. Additional reviews and updates shall be pro- include the date and time of each drill,the person conducting the vided whenever changes are made in the occupancy or physical drill and other information relative to the drill. In Group E Occu- arrangement of the building.Revised plans shall be submitted for pancies,the records shall include the time required to evacuate the review in accordance with Section 1303.4.2. building. 1-52 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2401 2402.2.1 PART IV SPECIAL OCCUPANCY USES ARTICLE 24-AIRPORTS, HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS SECTION 2401 -GENERAL 2401.13.3 On welding apparatus. Welding apparatus shall be equipped with at least one fire extinguisher having a minimum rat- 2401.1 Scope. Airports,heliports,helistops and aircraft hangars ing of 2-A:10-B:C in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1. shall be in accordance with Article 24. 2401.13.4 On aircraft refuelers. Aircraft refuelers shall be 2401.2 Permits. For permits to use structures or enclosures for equipped with at least two fire extinguishers having a minimum aircraft servicing or repair and aircraft refueling vehicles,see Sec- rating of 20-B:C in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1. A fire tion 105,Permits a.2 and a.3. extinguisher shall be readily accessible from either side of the 2401.3 Dispensing Flammable and Combustible Liq- vehicle. uids. Dispensing, transferring and storage of flammable and 2401.13.5 At aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing sta- combustible liquids inside of a building or structure shall be in ac- tions. Portable fire extinguishers at aircraft motor vehicle fuel- cordance with Article 79. dispensing stations shall be located such that pumps or dispensers are not more than 75 feet(22 860 mm)from one such extinguisher. 2401.4 Transferring Fuel. Flammable and combustible liquids Fire extinguishers shall be provided as follows: shall not be dispensed into or removed from the fuel system of an 1. When the open-hose discharge capacity of the aircraft aircraft within an aircraft hangar. fueling system is not more than 200 gallons per minute(757 L per Flammable and combustible liquids shall not be dispensed into minute), at least two extinguishers having a minimum rating of or removed from a container,tank,vehicle or aircraft except in an 20-B:C in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1,shall be provided. approved location. 2. When the open-hose discharge capacity of the aircraft 2401.5 Application of Flammable and Combustible Liquid fueling system is more than 200 gallons per minute (757 L per Finishes. The application of Class I or II liquid finishes shall be minute)but not over 350 gallons per minute(1325 L per minute), done only in approved locations. at least one wheeled extinguisher having a minimum rating of 80-B:C in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1, and having a 2401.6 Cleaning Parts. Aircraft, engines and parts of aircraft minimum capacity of 125 pounds (57 kg) of agent, shall be shall not be cleaned with a flammable liquid in an aircraft hangar provided. or within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of another aircraft,building or han- 3. When the open-hose discharge capacity of the aircraft fuel- gar. ing system is more than 350 gallons per minute(1325 L per min- 2401.7 Drip Pans. Aircraft hangars shall be equipped and main- ute),at least two wheeled extinguishers having a minimum rating tained with metal drip pans under the engines of all aircraft stored of 80-B:C each,in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1,and hav- or parked therein. ing a minimum capacity of 125 pounds(57 kg)of agent each,shall be provided. 2401.8 Sources of Ignition. Open flames,flame-producing de- 2401.13.6 Reporting use. Use of any fire extinguisher equip- vices and other sources of ignition shall not be permitted in a ment under any circumstances shall be reported to the manager of hangar,except in approved locations. the airport and the chief immediately after use. 2401.9 Smoking. NO SMOKING signs shall be provided in 2401.14 Aircraft Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Sta- accordance with Section 1109.4.1. tions. Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be in 2401.10 Running Engines. Aircraft engines shall not be run in accordance with Article 52. aircraft hangars except in approved engine test areas. 2401.15 Regulations Not Covered. Regulations not specifical- ly contained herein pertaining to airports,aircraft hangars and ap- 2401.11 Repairing Aircraft. Repairing of aircraft requiring the purtenant operations shall be in accordance with nationally use of open flames, spark-producing devices or the heating of recognized standards and UFC Standard 24-1. parts above 500°F(260°C)shall be done in the open or in an area conforming with the Building Code for a Group H, Division 5 SECTION 2402-FUELING AND DEFUELING Occupancy. 2402.1 General. 2401.12 Combustible Storage. Combustible materials and oth- er hazardous materials stored in an aircraft hangar shall be stored 2402.1.1 Applicability. Aircraft shall be fueled and defueled in in approved locations and containers. accordance with Section 2402. 2401.13 Portable Fire Extinguishers. 2402.1.2 Refueling equipment. Aircraft shall be fueled and de- fueled from aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations or re- 2401.13.1 General. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided fueler units.Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall and maintained in accordance with Article 10 and Sec- be in accordance with Article 52.Refueler units shall be in accord- tion 2401.13. ance with Section 2402. 2401.13.2 On towing vehicles. Vehicles used for towing aircraft 2402.2 Construction of Aircraft Refuelers and Accessories. shall be equipped with at least one fire extinguisher having a 2402.2.1 General. Tank vehicles shall be in accordance with minimum rating of 20-B:C in accordance with UFC Stand- Section 2402 and shall be designed and constructed in accordance and 10-1. with UFC Standards 24-1 and 79-4. 1-53 2402.2.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2402.8.1 2402.2.2 Mransfer apparatus. Aircraft refueler units shall be 1.Ladders constructed of noncombustible material are allowed equipped and maintained with an approved transfer apparatus. to be used with or attached to aircraft refueler units,provided the If such transfer apparatus is operated by an individual unit of the manner of attachment or use of such ladders is approved and does internal combustion motor type,such power unit shall be located not occasion or constitute an additional fire or accident hazard in as remotely as practicable from pumps,piping,meters,air elimi- the operation of such refueler units. nators, water separators, hose reels, and similar equipment, and 2. Hose reels used in connection with refueler units shall be shall be housed in a separate compartment from any of the afore- constructed of noncombustible materials and shall be provided mentioned items; the fuel tanks in connection therewith shall be with a packing gland or other device which will preclude fuel suitably designated and installed,and the maximum capacity shall leakage between reels and fuel manifolds. not exceed 5 U.S.gallons(18.9 L)when such tank is installed on 2402.3 Qualified Operators. Aircraft refueler units shall be any such engine in any compartment housing any such engine. attended and operated only by persons instructed in methods of The exhaust pipe,muffler and tail pipe shall be shielded. proper use and operation and who are qualified to use such If operated by gears or chains, the gears,chains, shafts,bear- refueler units in accordance with minimum safety requirements. ings,housing and all parts thereof shall be of an approved design Qualified operators shall carry on their person an identification and shall be installed in a workmanlike manner and so maintained. card issued by their employer certifying their qualifications. Flexible connections for the purpose of eliminating vibration 2402.4 Protection of Hoses. Before an aircraft refueler unit is are allowed if the material used therein is designated,installed and moved, fuel transfer hoses shall be properly placed on the maintained in an approved manner,provided such connections do approved reel or in the compartment provided, or stored on top not exceed 24 inches(610 mm)in length. decking of the refueler if proper height rail is provided for security Transfer apparatus shall be metallically interconnected with and protection of such equipment.Fuel transfer hose shall not be tanks,chassis,axles and springs of aircraft refueler units. looped or draped over any part of the refueler unit,except as herein provided. Fuel transfer hose shall not be dragged when such 2402.2.3 Grounding cables. Aircraft refueler units shall be pro- refueler unit is moved from one fueling position to another. vided and maintained with a substantial heavy-duty ground cable of sufficient length to be bonded to the aircraft to be serviced.Such 2402.5 Operation,Maintenance and Use of Aircraft Refueler cable shall be metallically connected to the transfer apparatus or Units. chassis of the aircraft refueler unit on one end and shall be pro- 2402.5.1 General. The operation, maintenance and use of air- vided with a suitable metal clamp on the other end,to be fixed to craft refueler units shall be in accordance with Section 2402.5 and the aircraft. other applicable provisions of Article 24. The ground cable shall be bare or have a transparent protective 2402.5.2 Garaging. Aircraft refueler units shall be stored out- sleeve and be carried on a reel or in a compartment provided for no side of,and not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from,any building at other purpose in such a manner that it will not be subjected to sharp kinks or accidental breakage under conditions of general use. a location approved by the manager of the airport and the chief. 2402.2.4 Pumps. Pumps of a positive displacement type shall be 2402.5.3 Repairing. Mechanical repairs on such units shall be done only at approved locations.Minor adjustments or repairs are provided with a bypass relief valve set at a pressure of not more allowed when necessary to move such unit to the storage location than 35 percent in excess of the normal working pressure of such when failure occurs elsewhere in the airport. unit. Such units shall be equipped and maintained with a pressure gage on the discharge side of the pump. 2402.5.4 Operators. Aircraft refueler units which are operated by a person other than the permittee or the permittee's regularly 2402.2.5 Dispensing hoses and nozzles. Hoses shall be de- authorized employee shall be provided with a legible sign visible signed for the transferring of hydrocarbon liquids. from the outside thereof showing the name of the person,firm or The length of hose shall be limited to the actual needs of the corporation operating such unit. individual transfer apparatus. Hoses shall be equipped with an 2402.6 Condition of Equipment. Aircraft refueler units and approved shutoff nozzle. Fuel transfer nozzles shall be of equipment used in connection therewith shall be maintained in a self-closing type,designed to be actuated by hand pressure only. safe operating condition and good repair at all times. Notches and other devices shall not be used for holding a nozzle valve handle in the open position.Nozzles shall be equipped with Upon finding any aircraft servicing equipment which is in use a grounding cable complete with proper attachment for aircraft to during fueling operations to be defective or in a state of disrepair, be serviced. and by reason of such defect or state of disrepair the use of such aircraft servicing equipment constitutes an undue fire hazard,the 2402.2.6 Protection of electrical equipment. Electric wiring, chief is authorized to order the use of such equipment discontin- switches, lights and other sources of ignition,when located in a ued until repairs,replacements or changes are made to render the compartment housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, water same safe for continued use. Defective equipment shall not be separators,hose reels or similar equipment,shall be enclosed in a used until the same is rendered safe to the satisfaction of the chief. vapor-tight housing. Electrical motors located in such a compartment shall be of a type approved for use as specified in the 2402.7 Loading and Unloading. Aircraft refueler units shall be Electrical Code. loaded only at an approved loading rack,except,when defueling 2402.2.7 Venting of equipment compartments. Compart- aircraft,loading from the fuel tanks of aircraft is allowed.ments housing piping, pumps, air eliminators,water separators, The fuel cargo of such units shall be unloaded only by approved hose reels and similar equipment shall be adequately ventilated at transfer apparatus into the fuel tanks of aircraft, underground floor level or within the floor itself. storage tanks aor approved gravity storage tanks. 2402.2.8 Accessory equipment. Ladders,hose reels and similar 2402.8 Fueling and Defueling. accessory equipment shall be of an approved type and constructed 2402.8.1 Parking location. Aircraft refueler units shall not be substantially as follows: located,parked or permitted to stand under any portion of an air- 1-54 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2402•8.1 2403.6 craft or in a position where such unit would obstruct egress from cape of such passengers through regular and emergency exits in an aircraft should fire occur during fuel transfer operations. the event fire should occur during such fuel transfer operations. 2402.8.2 Bonding and grounding. Aircraft refueler units shall 2402.10 Sources of Ignition. Smoking and producing open be electrically bonded to the aircraft being fueled or defueled and flames within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of a point where fuel is being either the aircraft refueler unit or the aircraft shall be grounded in transferred shall be prohibited. Electrical and motor-driven de- an approved manner.A drag chain or flexible ground conductor vices shall not be connected to or disconnected from an aircraft at shall not be deemed to fulfill the requirements of Section 2402.8.2 any time fueling operations are in progress on such aircraft. for grounding during fuel transfer. Transfer nozzles shall be equipped with approved bonding con- SECTION 2403—HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS ductors which shall be clipped or otherwise positively engaged 2403.1 General. Heliports and helistops shall be maintained in with the bonding attachment provided on the aircraft adjacent to accordance with Section 2403. Heliports and helistops on the fuel tank cap. buildings shall be constructed in accordance with the Building Bonding and ground connections required by Section 2402.8.2 Code. shall be made prior to fuel transfer and shall not be disconnected until fuel transfer operations are completed. 2403.2 Clearances. The touchdown area shall be surrounded on all sides by a clear area having minimum average width at roof 2402.8.3 Transfer personnel. During fuel transfer operations,a level of 15 feet (4572 mm) but no width less than 5 feet (1524 qualified person shall be in control of each transfer nozzle and mm).The clear area shall be maintained. another qualified person shall be in immediate control of the 2403.3 Class I and Class II Liquid Spillage. Landing areas on fuel-pumping equipment to shut off or otherwise control the flow structures shall be so maintained as to confine Class I or II liquid of fuel from the time fueling operations are begun until they are spillage to the landing area itself,and provision shall be made to completed. drain such spillage away from any means of egress or stairway EXCEPTION: For underwing refueling,the person stationed at serving the helicopter landing area or from a structure housing the point of fuel intake is not required. such means of egress or stairway. 2402.8.4 Hold-open devices on nozzles. Fuel transfer nozzles 2403.4 Means of Egress. Means of egress and stairways from shall not be held in the open position by a device other than by di- heliports and helistops shall be maintained in accordance with Ar- rect hand pressure of the operator. ticle 12. Landing areas located on buildings or structures shall 2402.9 Passengers. Passenger traffic is allowed during the time have two or more means of egress.For landing platforms or roof fuel transfer operations are in progress, provided the following areas less than 60 feet(18 288 mm) in length or less than 2,000 provisions are strictly enforced by the owner of such aircraft or the square feet(185.8 m )in area,the second means of egress is al- lowed to be a fire escape or ladder leading to the floor below. owner's authorized employee: 1.Smoking and producing an open flame in the cabin of the air- 2403.5 Fire Protection. craft or on the outside thereof within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of such 2403.5.1 Fire extinguishers. At least one fire extinguisher hav- aircraft shall be prohibited. ing a minimum 80-B:C rating shall be provided for each perma- A qualified employee of the aircraft owner shall be responsible nent take-off and landing area and for the aircraft parking areas. for seeing that the passengers are not allowed to smoke when Portable fire extinguishers shall comply with Article 10. remaining aboard the aircraft or while going across the ramp from 2403.5.2 Standpipe systems. When a building with a rooftop the gate to such aircraft,or vice versa. heliport or helistop is equipped with a standpipe system,the sys- 2. Passengers shall not be permitted to linger about the plane, tem shall be extended to the roof level on which the heliport or he- but shall proceed directly between the loading gate and the air- listop is located.All portions of the heliport or helistop area shall craft. be within 150 feet(45 720 mm)of a 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)outlet on 3.Passenger loading stands shall be left in loading position until a Class I or III standpipe. all fuel transfer operations are completed. 2403.5.3 Foam protection. Foam fire protection capabilities 4.Fuel transfer operations shall not be performed on the main shall be provided for rooftop heliports. exit side of any aircraft containing passengers except when the 2403.6 Federal Approval. Before operating helicopters from owner of such aircraft or a capable and qualified employee of such heliports and helistops, approval shall be obtained from the owner shall remain inside the aircraft to direct and assist the es- Federal Aviation Administration. 1-55 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2501 2501.9.3 ARTICLE 25- PLACES OF ASSEMBLY SECTION 2501 -GENERAL 2501.8.2 Panic hardware. Exit doors from Group A B Occupancies shall not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is B 2501.1 Scope. Places of assembly,including Group A Occupan- panic hardware. B cies, reviewing stands,grandstands,bleachers,folding and tele- B scoping seating, and outdoor carnivals and fairs, shall be in EXCEPTIONS: 1.In Group A,Division 3 Occupancies and in all B churches,panic hardware may be omitted from the main exit when the B accordance with Article 25. main exit consists of a single door or pair of doors.A key-locking B 2501.2 Definitions. For definitions of ASSEMBLY;BLEACH- device may be used in place of the panic hardware,provided there is B a readily visible durable sign adjacent to the doorway stating THIS B ERS; DISPERSAL AREA, SAFE; FOLDING AND TELE- DOOR MUST REMAIN UNLOCKED DURING BUSINESS B SCOPING SEATING; FOOTBOARDS; GRANDSTANDS; HOURS.The sign shall be in letters not less than 1 inch(25.4 mm)high B OPEN-AIR GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS; PERMA- on a contrasting background.When unlocked,the single door or both B NENT STANDS; REVIEWING STANDS; SMOKE-PRO- leaves of a pair of doors must be free to swing without operation of any B TECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING and TEMPORARY SEATING latching device.When a pair of doors is installed,one leaf shall have B FACILITIES,See Article 2. no locking devices whatsoever,and the second leaf shall be arranged B to latch or lock into the frame and into the first leaf in such a manner BB 2501.3 Permits and Plans. For permits to operate a place of that a single unlocking action will unlock both leaves simultaneously. B Flush,edge or surface bolts or any other type of device that may be used B assembly, operate a carnival or fair, use liquid- or gas-fueled to close or restrain the door other than by operation of the locking B vehicles or equipment for competition or display inside an device is prohibited.The use of this exception may be revoked by the B assembly occupancy,or use candles or other open-flame devices building official for due cause. B B in assembly areas,see Section 105,Permits C.1,c.2,1.2 and p.2. 2.Panic hardware may be waived on gates surrounding stadiums B B when the gates are under constant immediate supervision while the B Plans of carnival and fair grounds shall be submitted when re- public is present and provided safe dispersal areas based on 3 square B quired by the chief. feet(0.28 m2)per occupant are located between the stadium and the B fence.Gates may be horizontal sliding or swinging and may exceed the B 2501.4 Supervision and Communication System. 4-foot-width(1219 mm)limitation.The required dispersal area shall B be located not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from the stadium. BB 2501.4.1 Supervision. Places of assembly shall be under the B constant supervision of a competent adult on the premises during 2501.9 Aisles. B the time that the premises are open to the public. B 2501.9.1 General. Aisles leading to required exits shall be B 2501.4.2 Communication.When required by the chief,places of provided from all portions of buildings.Aisles located within an B assembly shall be provided with a method for notifying the fire de- accessible route of travel shall also comply with the Building B partment in the event of an emergency.Such method can consist of Code for accessibility(see UBC Chapter 11). B a telephone,an alarm system connected to the fire department or B 2501.9.2 Width without fixed seats. The width of aisles in B other approved agency,or other approved means.Methods of noti- B fying the fire department shall be readily available to the public. assembly occupancies without fixed seats shall comply with Sec- B tion 2501.9.2.Aisle widths shall be provided in accordance with B 2501.5 Decorative Materials. Combustible decorative materi- the following: B B als shall be in accordance with Section 1103.3.3. 1. In areas serving employees only,the minimum aisle width B 2501.6 Pyroxylin-coated Fabrics. Pyroxylin-coated fabrics may be 24 inches(610 mm)but not less than the width required by B used as a decorative material in accordance with Section 2501.6 or the number of employees served. B B a surface covering on fixed furnishings,shall be limited in amount 2. In assembly occupancies without fixed seats,the minimum B to the following: clear aisle width shall be 36 inches(914 mm)where seats,tables, B counters,furnishings,displays and similar fixtures or equipment B 1. Fabrics containing 1.4 ounces to 1.7 o znces of cellulose ni- are placed on one side of the aisle only and 44 inches(1118 mm) B trate per square yard(47.59 g/m2to 57.6 g/m )shall not be used in when such fixtures or equipment are placed on both sides of the B excess of a total amount equivalent to 1 square foot of fabric sur- B face to 15 cubic feet of room volume(0.22 m2/m3). aisle. B 2. Fabrics containing 1.7 ounces or more of cellulose nitrate 2501.9.3 Width with fixed seats. Aisles in assembly occupan- B per square yard(57.6 g/m2)shall not be used in excess of a total cies with fixed seats shall comply with Section 2501.9.3.The clear B amount equivalent to 0.5 square feet of fabric surface to 15 cubic width of aisles shall be based on the number of occupants within B feet of room volume(0.11 m2/m3). the portion of the seating areas served by the aisle. B 3. Measurement can be accomplished by folding a piece to five The minimum clear width of aisles and other means of egress B thicknesses and measuring to see if the thickness of five layers ex- shall be in accordance with Table 2501-A or,for buildings provid- B ceeds 1/8 inch(3.2 mm). ing smoke-protected assembly seating and for which an approved B life-safety evaluation is conducted, in accordance with Table B 2501.7 Motion Picture Screens. In places of assembly,motion 2501-B.For Table 2501-13,the number of seats specified must be B picture screens or screen masking shall be in accordance with Sec- within a single assembly place, and interpolation shall be per- B tion 2501.5. mitted between the specified values shown. For both tables, the B minimum clear widths shown shall be modified in accordance B 2501.8 Exit Doors. B with the following: 2501.8.1 General. Exit doors shall comply with Sections 1207 1. FactorA:If risers exceed 7 inches(178 mm)in height,mul- B and 2501.8. tiply the stair width in the tables by factor A,where: B 1-57 2501.9.3 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2501.10.2 B (riser height — 7.0 inches) not exceed 3/16 inch (4.8 mm). A contrasting marking stripe or B B = 5 other approved marking shall be provided on each tread at the B A 1 + B nosing or leading edge such that the location of each tread is B B For SI: readily apparent when viewed in descent. Such stripe shall be a B (riser height — 178 mm) Y PP P B B A = 1 + 127 minimum of 1 inch(25.4 mm)wide and a maximum of 2 inches B B (51 mm)wide. B B 2. Factor B:Stairs not having a handrail within a 30-inch(760 EXCEPTION: When the slope of aisle steps and the adjoining B B B mm)horizontal distance shall be 25 percent wider than otherwise seating area is the same, the riser heights may be increased to a B B B calculated. Multiply by factor B,where B= 1.25. maximum of 9 inches(229 mm)and may be nonuniform but only to B Bthe extent necessitated by changes in the slope of the adjoining seating B B 3. Factor C:Ramps steeper than 1 unit vertical in 10 units hori- area to maintain adequate sightlines.Variations may exceed 3/16 inch B B zontal(10%slope)where used in ascent shall be 10 percent wider (4.8 mm)between adjacent risers provided the exact location of such B B than otherwise calculated.Multiply by factor C,where C= 1.10. variations is identified with a marking stripe on each tread at the nosing B B or leading edge adjacent to the nonuniform riser.The marking stripe B B Where egress is possible in two directions, the width of such shall be distinctively different from the contrasting marking stripe. B B aisles shall be uniform throughout their length. B B 2501.9.7 Handrails. Handrails shall comply with the height, B When aisles converge to form a single path of exit travel, the size and shape dimensions set forth in the Building Code (See B B aisle width shall not be less than the combined required width of UBC Section 1004.3.2.7)and shall have rounded terminations or B B the converging aisle. bends.Ramped aisles having a slope steeper than 1 unit vertical in B B In assembly rooms with fixed seats arranged in rows,the clear 15 units horizontal (6.7% slope) and aisle stairs (two or more B B width of aisles shall not be less than set forth above and not less adjacent steps) shall have handrails located either at the side or B B than the following: within the aisle width. Handrails may project into the required B B aisle width a distance of 31/2 inches(89 mm). B B Forty-eight inches(1219 mm)for stairs having seating on both B B B sides. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Handrails may be omitted on ramped aisles B B having a slope not greater than 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal BB B 12.5%sloe g B Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for stairs having seating on one ( P )w hen fixed seating is on both sides of the aisle. B B side. 2.Handrails may be omitted when a guardrail is at the side of an aisle B B which conforms to the size and shape requirements for handrails. B B Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between a stair handrail and B B seating when the aisles are subdivided b the handrail. Handrails located within the aisle width shall be discontinuous B B g y with gaps or breaks at intervals not to exceed five rows. These B B Forty-two inches(1067 mm)for level or ramped aisles having gaps or breaks shall have a clear width of not less than 22 inches B B seating on both sides. (559 mm) and not more than 36 inches (914 mm) measured B Bhorizontally.Such handrails shall have an additional intermediate B B Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for level or ramped aisles having B B seating on one side. handrail located 12 inches(305 mm)below the main handrail. B B Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between a stair handrail and 2501.10 Seating. B B seating when an aisle does not serve more than five rows on one 2501.10.1 Spacing. When seating rows have 14 or less seats,the B Bside. minimum clear width between rows shall not be less than 12 in- B B ches(305 mm)measured as the clear horizontal distance from the B 2501.9.4 Aisle termination. Aisles shall terminate at a cross B B aisle,foyer,doorway or vomitory.Aisles shall not have a dead end back of the row ahead and the nearest projection of the row behind. B Bgreater than 20 feet(6096 mm)in length. Where seats are automatic or self-rising, measurement may be B B made with the seats in the raised position.Where seats are not au- B B EXCEPTION: A longer dead-end aisle is permitted when seats tomatic or self-rising,the minimum clear width shall be measured B B served by the dead-end aisle are not more than 24 seats from another B B aisle measured along a row of seats having a minimum clear width of With the seat in the down position. g B B 12 inches(305 mm)plus 0.6 inch(15 mm)for each additional seat The clear width shall be increased as follows: B above seven in a row. B B 1. For rows of seating served by aisles or doorways at both ends, B B Each end of a cross aisle shall terminate at an aisle, foyer, there shall be no more than 100 seats per row and the minimum B Bdoorway or vomitory. clear width of 12 inches(305 mm)between rows shall be increased B B 2501.9.5 Ramp slope. The slope of ramped aisles shall not be by 0.3 inch(7.62 mm)for every additional seat beyond 14,but the B minimum clear width need not exceed 22 inches 559 mm).If the B B more than 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal (12.5% slope). ( B B Ramped aisles shall have a slip-resistant surface. aisles are dead ended,see Section 2501.9.4 for further limitations. B B 2. For rows of seating served by an aisle or a doorway at one end B B 2501.9.6 Aisle steps. only, the minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) between B B 2501.9.6.1 When prohibited. Steps shall not be used in aisles rows shall be increased by 0.6 inch(15 mm)for every additional B B having a slope of 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal(12.5%slope) seat beyond seven,but the minimum clear width need not exceed B B or less. 22 inches(559 mm).In addition,the distance to the point where the B occupant has a choice of two directions of travel to an exit shall not B B 2501.9.6.2 When required. Aisles with a slope steeper than exceed 30 feet(9144 mm)from the point where the occupant is B B1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal(12.5%slope)shall consist of seated. B B a series of risers and treads extending across the entire width of the 2501.10.2 Bonding of chairs. Loose seats, folding chairs or B aisle. similar seating facilities that are not fixed to the floor shall be B The height of risers shall not be more than 7 inches(178 mm)or bonded together in groups of three or more. B less than 4 inches(102 mm)and the tread run shall not be less than EXCEPTIONS: 1.When not more than 300 such seats,chairs or B 11 inches(279 mm).The riser height shall be uniform within each facilities are provided,bonding is not required. Bflight and the tread run shall be uniform throughout the aisle. 2.The bonding of chairs is not required when tables are provided, B Variations in run or height between adjacent treads or risers shall as when the occupancy is used for dining or similar purposes. 1-58 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2501.10.2—2501.18 TABLE 2501-A,TABLE 2501-B When bonding of chairs is required, aisles and exits shall be 2501.16.2 Determination of occupant load. The number of provided as required by Section 2501.9.3. persons in a building or portion thereof shall not exceed the amount determined as specified in the Building Code,except that 2501.10.3 Bleacher seats and grandstands. Bleacher seats and where such additional exit facilities are provided the occupant reviewing stands shall be in accordance with Sections 2502 load can be increased by not more than 10 percent, when and 2503. approved,without being considered overcrowding. 2501.11 Use of Exit Ways. Interior and exterior stairways, 2501.16.3 Overcrowding. Overcrowding and admittance of smokeproof enclosures,hallways,corridors,vestibules,balconies persons beyond the approved capacity of a place of assembly are and bridges leading to a stairway or an exit shall not be used in any prohibited. The chief,upon finding overcrowding conditions or way that will obstruct their use as an exit or that will present a obstructions in aisles, passageways or other means of egress, or hazardous condition. upon finding a condition which constitutes a serious menace to 2501.12 Ashtrays. Where smoking is allowed, approved non- life, is authorized to cause the performance, presentation, combustible ashtrays or match receivers shall be provided on each spectacle or entertainment to be stopped until such condition or table and at other convenient places. obstruction is corrected. 2501.13 Fire Appliances. Fire appliances shall be kept in prop- 2501.17 Candles and other open-flame devices. Candles and er working condition. Extinguishers and hose and similar other open-flame devices shall not be used in places of assembly appliances shall be visible and accessible at all times.It shall be or in drinking or dining establishments. the duty of the owner and the occupant of each building or part of a EXCEPTIONS: 1.When used in conjunction with approved heat- building occupied as a place of assembly to properly train suffi- ing or cooking appliances in areas not accessible to the public. cient regular employees in the use of fire appliances.See also Sec- 2.When used in conformance with Section 1109.8. I tion 1303.5. 3.When used in conformance with Section 8203.2.1.8. 2501.14 Plan of Exit Ways and Aisles. When required by the 2501.18 Standby Personnel. When,in the opinion of the chief, chief, a plan indicating the seating arrangements, location and it is essential for public safety in a place of assembly or any other width of exit ways and aisles shall be submitted for approval,and place where people congregate,due to the number of persons,or an approved copy of the plan shall be kept on display on the prem- the nature of the performance, exhibition, display, contest or ises. activity, the owner, agent or lessee shall employ one or more qualified persons,as required and approved,to be on duty at such 2501.15 Marking and Lighting of Exits. Exits in places of as- place. Such individuals shall be subject to the chief's orders at all sembly shall be identified and lighted in accordance with Sections times when so employed and shall be in uniform and remain on 1211 and 1212. duty during the times such places are open to the public,or when B 2501.16 Maximum Occupant Load. such activity is being conducted.Before each performance or the B start of such activity, such individuals shall inspect the required B 2501.16.1 Posting of room capacity. Any room having an fire appliances provided to see that they are in proper place and in Boccupant load of 50 or more where fixed seats are not installed, good working order,and shall keep diligent watch for fires during B and which is used for assembly purposes,shall have the capacity the time such place is open to the public or such activity is being B of the room posted in a conspicuous place on an approved sign conducted and take prompt measures for extinguishment of fires B near the main exit from the room. Such sign shall be maintained that may occur. Such individuals shall not be required or B legible by the owner or the owner's authorized agent and shall permitted,while on duty,to perform any other duties than those B indicate the number of occupants permitted for each room use. herein specified. TABLE 2501-A—MINIMUM WIDTH OF AISLES AND OTHER MEANS OF EGRESS IN ASSEMBLY B OCCUPANCIES WITHOUT SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING' B B CLEAR WIDTH PER SEAT SERVED IN INCHES B B Stairs Passageway,Ramps and Doorways BB NUMBER OF SEATS x 25.4 for mm B B Unlimited 0.300 x A x B x 0 0.220 x C x 0 BB I See Section 2501.9.3 for determining factors A,B and C.O=occupant load. B B B TABLE 2501-B—MINIMUM WIDTH OF AISLES AND OTHER MEANS OF EGRESS IN ASSEMBLY B OCCUPANCIES WITH SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING' B B CLEAR WIDTH PER SEAT SERVED IN INCHES B Stairs Passageways,Ramps and Doorways B NUMBER OF SEATS2 x 25.4 for mm B 2,000 0.300xAxBx0 0.220xCx0 B e 5,000 0.200xAxBx0 0.150xCx0 B B 10,000 0.130xAxBx0 0.100xCx0 B B 15,000 0.096xAxBx0 0.070xCx0 B B 20,000 0.076xAxBx0 0.056xCx0 B 25,000 or more 0.060 x A x B x 0 0.044 x C x 0 BB ISee Section 2501.9.3 for determining factors A,B and C.0=occupant load. B 21nterpolation between the number of seats listed is allowed with a corresponding interpolation between the widths shown. B 1-59 2502 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2502.4.9 SECTION 2502—REVIEWING STANDS, quired widths determined in accordance with the Building Code B GRANDSTANDS, BLEACHERS,AND FOLDING AND (see UBC Section 1008.5.4)and Section 2502.4.4.3. B TELESCOPING SEATING B 2502.4.5 Cross aisles and vomitories. Cross aisles and vomito- B B 2502.1 General. Reviewing stands,grandstands,bleachers,and ries shall not be less than 54 inches(1372 mm)in clear width and B B folding and telescoping seating shall be in accordance with Sec- shall extend to an exit, enclosed stairway or exterior perimeter B B tion 2502. ramp. Except for temporary seating facilities,the required width B B for cross aisles shall equal the greatest of three minimum required B B 2502.2 Height of Reviewing Stands,Grandstands,Bleachers, widths determined in accordance with the Building Code require- B B and Folding and Telescoping Seating. The height of reviewing ments for exits and aisles(see UBC Section 1008.5.4) and Sec- B B stands,grandstands,bleachers,and folding and telescoping seat- tion 2502.4.5. B B ing shall be in accordance with the Building Code(see UBC Sec- B B lion 303.2). 2502.4.6 Stairways and ramps. Except as otherwise provided B B in Section 2502.4.6,grandstands,bleachers,and folding and tele- B B 2502.3 Design Requirements. Reviewing stands, grandstands scoping seating shall comply with other applicable sections of the B B and bleachers shall be designed in accordance with the Building Building Code for exits.Stairways and ramps shall have a maxi- B BCode(see UBC Chapter 16 and Section 1806.9). mum rise and run as provided in the Building Code(see UBC Sec- B B tions 1003.3.3 and 1003.3.4), except those within the seating B B 2502.4 General Requirements. facility which serve as aisles at right angles to the rows of seats B B where the rise shall not exceed 8 inches 203 mm When an aisle B 2502.4.1 Row spacing. There shall be a clear space of not less ( )' B terminates at an elevation more than 8 inches (203 mm) above B B than 12 inches(305 mm)measured horizontally between the back B B or backrest of each seat and the front of the seat immediately be grade or floor below,the aisle shall be provided with a stairway or B B ramp which width is not less than the width of the aisle. B B hind it. The minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from B B back to back shall be: Stairways and ramps shall have handrails as provided in the B B Building Code(see UBC Sections 1003.3.3.6 and 1003.3.4.5),ex- B B 1. Twenty-two inches(559 mm)for seats without backrests. B cept stairways within the seating facility which serve as aisles at B B2. Thirty inches(762 mm)for seats with backrests. right angles where handrails shall be provided at one side or along B B the center line.A minimum clear width of 48 inches(1219 mm) B B 3. Thirty-three inches(838 mm)for chair seating. B B between seats shall be provided for aisle stairways having center- B B 2502.4.2 Rise between rows. The maximum rise from one row aisle handrails. When there is seating on both sides of the aisle, B B of seats to the next shall not exceed 16 inches(406 mm)unless the handrails shall be discontinuous with openings at intervals not ex- B B seat spacing from back to back measured horizontally is ceeding five rows for access to seating.The opening shall have a B B 40 inches(1016 mm)or more. clear width of at least 22 inches(559 mm) and not greater than B B EXCEPTION: When automatic-or self-rising seats are installed, 36 inches(914 mm)measured horizontally,and the handrail shall BB B the rise between rows may be increased to 24 inches(610 mm)with the have rounded terminations. When handrails are provided in the B B horizontal spacing back to back of 33 inches(838 mm). middle of the aisle stairs,there shall be an additional intermediate B B rail located approximately 12 inches(305 mm)below the top of B B 2502.4.3 Seating capacity determination. When bench-type the handrail. B B seating is used,the number of seats shall be based on one person EXCEPTION: Temporary seating facility stairways within the B B for each 18 inches(457 mm)Of length of the bench. seating area which serve as aisles at right angles need not be provided B B with handrails. B B 2502.4.4 Aisles. B B 2502.4.7 Guardrails. Perimeter guardrails or enclosing walls or B B 2502.4.4.1 Aisles required. Aisles shall be provided in all seat- fencing shall be provided for all portions of elevated seating facili- B B ing facilities except that aisles may be omitted when all of the fol- ties which are more than 30 inches(762 mm)above grade or floor. B B lowing conditions exist: Construction of guardrails shall comply with the Building Code B B 1. Seats are without backrests, (see UBC Section 509 and Table 16-B).Guardrails shall be 42 in- B Bches(1067 mm)above the rear of a seat board or 42 inches(1067 B B 2. The rise from row to row does not exceed 6 inches(154 mm) B B mm)above the rear of the steps in an aisle when the guardrail is B B per row, parallel and adjacent to the aisle. B B 3. The rows spacing does not exceed 28 inches 711 mm unless B B P g ( ) EXCEPTION: Guardrails at the front of the front row of seats, B B the seatboards and footboards are at the same elevation, which are not located at the end of an aisle and where there is no cross B B aisle,may have a height of 26 inches(660 mm)and need not meet the B B 4. The number Of rows does not exceed 16 in height, 4-inch-maximum (102 mm)spacing specified in the Building Code B B 5. The first seating board is not more than 12 inches(305 mm) (see UBC Section 509);however,a midrail shall be installed. B B above grade, The open vertical space between footboards and seats shall not B exceed 9 inches 228.6 mm when footboards are more than 30 in- B B 6. Seatboards are continuous flat surfaces,and ( ) B ches(762 mm)above grade. B B 7. Seatboards provide a walking surface with a minimum width B B of 11 inches(279 mm). 2502.4.8 Toeboards. A 4-inch-high (102 mm) vertical barrier B B shall be installed along the edge of walking platforms whenever B B 2502.4.4.2 Obstructions. No obstruction shall be placed in the guardrails are required. B Brequired width of any aisle or exitway. EXCEPTION:Toeboards shall not be required at the ends of foot- B B 2502.4.4.3 Width. Aisles serving seats on both sides shall have boards. B B a minimum width of 44 inches(1118 mm).When serving seats on 2502.4.9 Footboards. Footboards shall be provided for all rows B B only one side,the aisle shall have a minimum width of 36 inches of seats above the third row or beginning at such a point where the B B (914 mm). Except for temporary seating facilities, the required seat is more than 2 feet(610 mm)above the grade or floor below. B B width for aisles shall equal the greater of the two minimum re- When the same platform is used for both seating and footrests, B 1-60 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2502.4.9 2505.2.1 B footrests are not required,provided each level or platform is not EXCEPTION: When less than 25 chairs are used upon a single B less than 24 inches(610 mm)wide. When aisles are required by raised platform,the fastening of seats to the platform is not required. B Section 2502.4.4,footboards not less than 18 inches(457 mm)in 2503.2 Ground Seats. When more than 500 loose chairs are B width shall be installed between each row of seats. used in connection with athletic events,chairs shall be fastened to- B gether in groups of not less than three and shall be tied or staked to B 2502.5 Grandstands,Bleachers,and Folding and Telescoping the ground. B Seating within Buildings. Except as otherwise provided in Sec- B tions 2502.5 and 2502.6,grandstands,bleachers,and folding and B telescoping seating within a building shall comply with the other SECTION 2504—OUTDOOR CARNIVALS AND FAIRS Bapplicable sections of the Building Code(see UBC Chapter 10). 2504.1 General. The grounds of carnivals and fairs, including B EXCEPTIONS: 1.When seats are without backrests,there may be concession booths,shall be in accordance with Section 2504. Bnine seats between any seat and an aisle. B B 2. When seats are without backrests, dead ends in vertical aisles 2504.2 Grounds. B shall not exceed a depth of 16 rows. 2504.2.1 General. Grounds shall be in accordance with Sec- B B 2502.6 Open-air Grandstands, Bleachers, and Folding and tion 2504.2. B Telescoping Seating. B 2504.2.2 Access. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided B 2502.6.1 General. Except as otherwise provided in Sections in accordance with Section 3205. B 2502.6.2 through 2502.6.10 open-air grandstands,bleachers,and B 2504.2.3 Fire appliances. B folding and telescoping seating shall comply with the other appli- B cable requirements for exits in the Building Code(see UBC Chap- 2504.2.3.1 General. Fire appliances shall be provided for the Bter 10). entire midway,as required by the chief. B 2502.6.2 Number of seats between aisles. The number of seats 2504.2.3.2 Location. Maximum travel distance to a portable Bbetween any seat and an aisle shall not be greater than 20 when the fire extinguisher shall not exceed 75 feet(22 860 mm). B seats are without backrests and nine if the seats have backrests. 2504.2.4 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipment and in- B 2502.6.3 Dead ends. Dead ends in vertical aisles shall not ex- stallations shall comply with the Electrical Code. B ceed a depth of 16 rows for permanent grandstands and 26 rows for 2504.3 Concession Stands. B temporary grandstands. B 2504.3.1 General. Concession stands shall be in accordance B 2502.6.4 Distance to exit. The line of travel from any seat to a with Section 2504.3. B safe dispersal area exit ramp,enclosed stairway or vomitory shall B not be more than 200 feet(60 960 mm).When the seats have no 2504.3.2 Location. Concession stands utilized for cooking shall B backrests,the distance may be a direct line measurement. have a minimum of 10 feet(3048 mm)of clearance on two sides B and shall not be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of amusement B 2502.6.5 Safe dispersal area. Each safe dispersal area shall rides or devices. B have a minimum of two exits.If more than 6,000 persons are to be B accommodated within a dispersal area,there shall be a minimum 2504.3.3 Fire extinguishers. A 40-B:C-rated dry chemical fire B of three exits and for more than 9,000 persons there shall be at least extinguisher shall be provided where deep-fat fryers are used. Bfour exits.The aggregate clear width of exits from a safe dispersal 2504.4 Internal Combustion Power Sources. B area shall be determined on the basis of not less than one exit unit B of 22 inches(559 mm)for each 500 persons to be accommodated, 2504.4.1 General. Internal combustion power sources, includ- B and no exit shall be less than 44 inches(1118 mm)in width. ing motor vehicles,generators and similar equipment,shall be in B accordance with Section 2504.4. B 2502.6.6 Two exits required. Two exits shall be provided from B every facility which accommodates more than 300 persons. 2504.4.2 Fueling. Fuel tanks shall be of adequate capacity to B permit uninterrupted operation during normal operating hours. B 2502.6.7 Three exits required. Three exits shall be required Refueling shall be conducted only when the ride is not in use. B when a facility or section thereof accommodates more than 1,000 B 2504.4.3 Protection. Internal combustion power sources shall B persons. B be isolated from contact with the public by either physical guards, B 2502.6.8 Four exits required. Four exits shall be required when fencing or an enclosure. Ba facility or section thereof accommodates more than 3,000 per- 2504.4.4 Fire extinguishers. A minimum of one fire extin- B sons. guisher with a rating of not less than 2-A:10-B:C shall be B 2502.6.9 Determination of exit width. The total width of exits provided. B in feet(mm)shall not be less than the total occupant load served B divided by 150(0.492)when exiting by stairs and divided by 200 SECTION 2505—LIQUID-AND GAS-FUELED B (0.656)when exiting by ramps,corridors,tunnels or vomitories. VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT B B 2502.6.10 Minimum exit width. Exits shall not be less than B 2505.1 General. Liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles and equip- B 42 inches(1067 mm)in width. ment used for display, competition or demonstration within as- sembly occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 2505. SECTION 2503—SECURING OF CHAIRS 2505.2 Displays. 2503.1 Raised Stands. Chairs and benches used on raised 2505.2.1 General. Display of liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles stands shall be secured to the platforms upon which they are and equipment inside an assembly occupancy shall be in placed. accordance with Section 2505.2. 1-61 2505.2.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2505.3.4 2505.2.2 Batteries. Batteries shall be disconnected in an ap- 2505.2.4 Location. The location of vehicles or equipment shall proved manner. not obstruct or block means of egress. 2505.2.3 Fuel systems. 2505.3 Competitions and Demonstrations. 2505.2.3.1 Fueling. Vehicles or equipment shall not be fueled or 2505.3.1 General. Liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles and equip- defueled within the building. ment used for competition or demonstration within an assembly 2505.2.3.2 Quantity limit. Fuel in the fuel tank shall not exceed occupancy shall be in accordance with Section 2505.3. one quarter of the tank capacity or 5 gallons(18.9 L),whichever is 2505.3.2 Fuel storage. Fuel for the vehicles or equipment shall less. be stored in approved containers in an approved location outside 2505.2.3.3 Inspection. Fuel systems shall be inspected for of the building. leaks. 2505.3.3 Fueling. Refueling shall be performed outside of the 2505.2.3.4 Closure. Fuel-tank openings shall be locked and building at an approved site. sealed to prevent the escape of vapors. 2505.3.4 Spills. Fuel spills shall be cleaned up immediately. 1-62 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2601 2604.5 ARTICLE 26- BOWLING ALLEYS SECTION 2601 —SCOPE shall not be operated during resurfacing or refinishing operations The storage,use and handling of flammable and combustible liq- or within four hours of the application of flammable or combus- tibleuids and woodworking operations within bowling alleys and pin- liquids. refinishing rooms shall be in accordance with Article 26. 2603.4 Ignition Sources. The control of ignition sources shall be in accordance with Section 1109.Open-flame devices and elec- SECTION 2602—PERMITS trical equipment not classified for Class I locations,as defined in the Electrical Code, shall not be operated during or within four For permits for bowling pin refinishing or bowling alley resurfac- hours of the application of flammable or combustible liquids. ing, see Section 105,Permit b.1. SECTION 2604—PIN-REFINISHING ROOMS SECTION 2603—ALLEY RESURFACING AND 2604.1 Construction. Rooms used for the refinishing of bowl- REFINISHING ing pins involving the application of flammable or combustible 2603.1 General. Alley resurfacing and refinishing operations liquids or woodworking operations shall be constructed in accord- shall not be conducted during business hours.The fire department ance with the Building Code. shall be notified a minimum of 24 hours in advance of such opera- 2604.2 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. The storage, tions. use and handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in 2603.2 Finishes. The amount of flammable and combustible accordance with Article 79. liquid applied to alley surfaces for refinishing shall not exceed the 2604.3 Sanding and Buffing. Sanding and buffing equipment use-open system exempt amounts in Section 7903.2. shall be provided with approved equipment for collecting dust 2603.3 Ventilation. To prevent the accumulation of flammable during bowling pin-refinishing operations in accordance with vapors,mechanical ventilation shall be provided.The ventilation Article 76 and the Mechanical Code. rate shall be sufficient to maintain the atmosphere below 20 per- 2604.4 Combustible Waste. Combustible waste shall be in cent of the lower explosive limit for the material being applied. accordance with Section 1103. Such exhaust is allowed to be accomplished by approved tempo- rary or portable means.Vapors shall be exhausted to the exterior of 2604.5 Ignition Sources. The control of ignition sources shall the building. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems be in accordance with Section 1109. 1-63 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2701 2707.2 ARTICLE 27- CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (PYROXYLIN), STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION 2701 —SCOPE 2. Cabinets in any one workroom shall not contain more than 1,000 pounds(453.6 kg)of raw material.Each cabinet shall not Cellulose nitrate storage and handling shall be in accordance with contain more than 500 pounds (226.8 kg). Each compartment Article 27. shall not contain more than 250 pounds(113.4 kg). 3. Raw material in excess of that allowed by Item 2 above shall SECTION 2702—DEFINITIONS be kept in vented vaults not exceeding 1,500-cubic-foot capacity For the definition of CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (Py- (42.5 m3), with one approved automatic sprinkler head to each roxylin),see Article 2. 125 cubic feet(3.5 m3)of total vault space,and with construction and venting in conformance with nationally recognized standards and as approved. SECTION 2703—PERMITS 4. Cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) shall not be stored For permits to store,handle,manufacture or assemble articles of within 2 feet(610 mm)of heat-producing appliances,steam pipes, cellulose nitrate,see Section 105,Permit c.4. radiators or chimneys. 5. In factories manufacturing articles of cellulose nitrate SECTION 2704—DISPLAY OF PLASTICS plastics (pyroxylin), such approved sprinklered and vented cabinets, vaults or storage rooms, shall be provided as are 2704.1 General. Displays of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyrox- necessary to prevent the accumulation in workrooms of raw stock ylin) articles in stores shall be in show cases or show windows in process or finished articles. except as set forth in Section 2704.2. 6. In the workrooms of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) 2704.2 Display on Tables and Counters. factories, operators shall not be stationed closer together than 2704.2.1 General. Articles are allowed to be placed on tables 3 feet(914 mm),and the amount of material per operator shall not less than 3 feet(914 mm)wide and 10 feet(3048 mm)long.Tables exceed one-half day's supply and shall be limited to the capacity shall be spaced at least 3 feet(914 mm)apart.Where articles are of three tote boxes,including material awaiting removal or use. displayed on counters,they shall be arranged in like manner. 7. Waste cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)materials such as shavings,chips,turnings,sawdust edgings and trimmings shall be 2704.2.2 Combustible storage. Spaces underneath tables shall kept under water in metal receptacles until removed from the be kept free of storage of any kind and of accumulations of paper, premises. refuse and other combustible material. 2704.2.3 Location. Sales or display tables shall be so located SECTION 2706—FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT that in the event of a fire at the table,the table will not interfere with free means of egress from the room,in at least one direction. The manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate plastic 2704.3 Lighting. Lighting shall not be located directly above (pyroxylin)in quantities exceeding 100 pounds(45.4 kg)shall be cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)material,unless provided with located in a building or portion thereof equipped with an approved a suitable guard to prevent heated particles from falling. automatic sprinkler system. SECTION 2705—STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION 2707—SOURCES OF IGNITION Raw cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) material in a factory 2707.1 General. Sources of ignition shall not be located in building shall be kept and handled as follows: rooms in which cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)in excess of 1. Where raw material in excess of 25 pounds (11.3 kg) is 25 pounds(11.3 kg)is handled or stored. received in a building or fire area,an approved vented cabinet or 2707.2 Heating. Rooms in which cellulose nitrate plastic approved vented vault equipped with an approved automatic fire (pyroxylin)in excess of 25 pounds(11.3 kg)is handled or stored sprinkler system shall be provided for the storage of the material. shall be heated by low-pressure steam or hot-water radiators. l 1-65 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 2801—2807 TABLE 2804-A ARTICLE 28-STORAGE AND HANDLING OF COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS SECTION 2801 —SCOPE noncombustible material extending from floor to a height of at least 1 foot (305 mm) above the highest point of piles and Storage and handling of combustible fibers shall be in accordance projecting at least 1 foot(305 mm)beyond the sides of the piles. with Article 28. 2805.2 Location. Sisal and other fibers in bales bound with SECTION 2802—DEFINITIONS combustible tie ropes, also jute and other fibers liable to swell when wet,shall be stored to allow for expansion in any direction For definitions of COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS; COMBUSTIBLE without endangering building walls,floors,ceilings or columns. FIBER STORAGE BINS;COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE Not less than 3-foot (914 mm) clearance shall be left between ROOMS; COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, PRO- walls and sides of piles,except that if storage compartment is not TECTED; and COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, more than 30 feet(9144 mm)in width, 18-inch(457 mm)clear- UNPROTECTED, see Article 2. ance at side walls will be sufficient,provided a center aisle not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)is maintained. SECTION 2803—PERMITS 2805.3 Clearance. A clearance of not less than 3 feet(914 mm) shall be maintained between sprinkler heads and the tops of piles. For permits to store or handle combustible fibers,see Section 105, Permit c.5. EXCEPTION: A permit is not required for exterior storage of hay, SECTION 2806—STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL straw and similar agricultural materials. PRODUCTS Hay, straw and other similar agricultural products shall not be SECTION 2804—LOOSE STORAGE stored adjacent to buildings or combustible material unless a cleared horizontal distance equal to the height of pile is main- Combustible fibers not in suitable bales or packages shall be tained between such storage and combustible material and stored in accordance with Table 2804-A. buildings. EXCEPTION: Amounts not exceeding 2,500 cubic feet(70.8 m3) Storage shall be limited to stacks of 100 tons(90 718.5 kg)each. of loose fibers are allowed to be stored in a detached"loose house" suitably located,with opening properly protected against entrance of Either an approved one-hour occupancy separation constructed as sparks.The loose house shall be used for no other purpose. specified in the Building Code or a clear space of 20 feet(6096 mm)shall be maintained between such stacks. SECTION 2805—BALED STORAGE 2805.1 General. A single block or pile shall not contain more SECTION 2807—DUST-COLLECTING SYSTEM than 25,000 cubic feet (708 m3) of fiber exclusive of aisles or Equipment or machinery within a building which generates or clearances.Blocks or piles of baled fiber shall be separated from emits combustible fibers shall be provided with an approved adjacent storage by aisles not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)wide,or dust-collecting and exhaust system. See Article 76 and the by flash-fire barriers consisting of continuous sheets of Mechanical Code. TABLE 2804-A—STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS AMOUNT OF MATERIAL (cubic feet) x 0.028 for m3 METHOD OF STORAGE 0-100 Combustible fiber storage bin More than 100-500 Combustible fiber storage room More than 500-1,000 Unprotected combustible fiber storage vault More than 1,000 Protected combustible fiber storage vault 1-67 I 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2901 2903.2.4 ARTICLE 29- REPAIR GARAGES SECTION 2901 -GENERAL 2902.2.2 Mixed liquids. Containers and tanks containing a mixture of fuel and lubricating oil shall be stored and handled in 2901.1 Scope. Repair garages used for service or repair of accordance with the requirements of Article 79 for Class I liquids. motor vehicles shall be in accordance with Article 29. Repair garages for vehicles which use more than one type of fuel shall 2902.3 Storage and Handling of LP-gas. LP-gas storage and comply with the applicable sections of Article 29 for each type of handling shall be in accordance with Article 82. fuel used. 2902.4 Sources of Ignition. Sources of ignition shall not be 2901.2 Permits. For permits to use a structure as a place of busi- within 18 inches(457.2 mm)of the floor. ness for the purpose of servicing or repairing motor vehicles,see 2902.5 Ventilation. Section 105.8,Permit 0.The permit shall identify the fuel types of vehicles allowed to be repaired. 2902.5.1 Buildings with basements or pits. When Class I liq- uids or LP-gas are stored or used within a building having a base- 2901.3 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. ment or pit where flammable vapors could accumulate, the 2901.3.1 General. Storage, use and handling of flammable or basement or pit shall be provided with ventilation designed to pre- combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79 and vent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. Sections 2901.3 and 2902.2. 2902.5.2 Additional design requirements. For repair garages 2901.3.2 Tank spill control. Spill control for tanks shall be pro- Where compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas vided in accordance with Section 7901.8. (LNG)or hydrogen are also present,the ventilation system shall also comply with Section 2903.2. 2901.4 Dispensing Inside of Buildings. Dispensing of motor- EXCEPTION:Repair garages where no work is performed on the vehicle fuels shall be in accordance with Article 52.Dispensing fuel system and is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance requir- of hydrogen as a motor-vehicle fuel shall be in accordance with ing no open flame or welding. Articles 74 and 80. 2902.6 Preparation of Vehicles for Repair. For vehicles 2901.5 Ventilation. Ventilation shall comply with the Building fueled by LP-gas,the fuel shut-off valves shall be closed prior to Code,Mechanical Code,and Article 29. repairing any portion of the vehicle fuel system. 2901.6 Liquids Drained from Vehicles. SECTION 2903-REPAIR GARAGES FOR NATURAL 2901.6.1 Motor-vehicle fuel. Motor-vehicle fuel shall not be GAS-AND HYDROGEN-FUELED VEHICLES drained in Group S,Division 3 Occupancies. 2903.1 Applicability. Repair garages for the conversion and 2901.6.2 Lubricating oil. Lubricating oil which has been repair of vehicles which use CNG,LNG or hydrogen as a motor- drained from motor vehicles shall be stored and handled as vehicle fuel shall be in accordance with Section 2903. required for Class III-B liquids in accordance with Article 79. EXCEPTION:Repair garages where no work is performed on the fuel system and is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance requir- 2901.6.3 Tank-drainage lines. Tank-drainage lines terminat- ing no open flame or welding. ing inside a building shall be equipped with a nonremoveable- 2903.2 Ventilation. type cap,such as a hinged cap. 2903.2.1 General. Repair garages used for the repair of natural 2901.7 Sources of Ignition. gas- or hydrogen-fueled vehicles shall be provided with an 2901.7.1 Smoking. Smoking and open flames shall be prohib- approved mechanical ventilation system. The mechanical ven- ited in areas used for servicing motor vehicles. tilation system shall be in accordance with the Mechanical Code and Section 2903.2. 2901.7.2 Welding. Welding operations shall be conducted only EXCEPTION:Repair garages with natural ventilation when sp- in Group H,Division 4 Occupancies,and shall be in accordance proved. with Article 49. 2903.2.2 Design. The mechanical ventilation system shall 2901.7.3 Oily waste materials. Oily rags and similar waste exhaust a minimum of 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot(5.1 materials shall be stored in metal,metal-lined or other approved Us per m2)of repair garage space.Exhaust inlet openings shall be containers equipped with tightfitting covers. located within 6 inches (152.4 mm) of the highest point in the garage in the exterior walls or roof. Make-up air inlet openings shall be located within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the floor.Exhaust SECTION 2902-REPAIR GARAGES FOR duct openings shall be located to effectively remove flammable LIQUID-FUELED AND LPG-FUELED VEHICLES vapor accumulations from all parts of the repair area.Exhaust dis- charge shall be directed to a safe location outside of the building. 2902.1 Applicability. Repair garages used for service or repair The mechanical ventilation system shall be independent of the of motor vehicles fueled by gasoline,diesel,methanol or similar heating and air conditioning systems. liquid fuels or LP-gas shall be in accordance with Section 2902. 2903.2.3 Additional design requirements. For repair garages 2902.2 Storage and Handling of Liquids. where LNG,LP-gas or liquid fuels are also present,exhaust inlets 2902.2.1 Motor-vehicle fuel. Liquids drained from motor-ve- shall also be within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the floor. hicle fuel tanks shall be stored and handled as required for Class I 2903.2.4 Buildings with basements or pits. When LNG liquids in accordance with Article 79. vehicles are converted or repaired within a building having a 1-69 2903.2.4 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2903.4.2 basement or pit where flammable vapors could accumulate, the lubrication or chassis repair pits of repair garages used for repair- basement or pit shall be provided with ventilation designed to pre- ing LNG-fueled vehicles. vent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. 2903.3.3 Operation. Activation of the gas detection system 2903.2.5 Operation. The mechanical ventilation system shall shall result in the following: operate continuously. 1.Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm signals in the EXCEPTIONS: 1.Mechanical ventilation systems that are inter- repair garage, locked with a gas detection system designed in accordance with Sec- 2. Deactivation of all heating systems located in the repair tions 2903.3.2,2903.3.3 and 2903.3.4. garage,and 2.Mechanical ventilation systems provided in repair garages that 3.Activation of the mechanical ventilation system. are not used for repair of LNG-or hydrogen-fueled vehicles and that have a ventilation system which is electrically interlocked with the 2903.3.4 Failure of the gas detection system. Failure of the gas lighting circuit. detection system shall result in the deactivation of the heating 2903.3 Gas-detection System. system and activation of the mechanical ventilation system. 2903.3.1 When required. Repair garages used for repair of 2903.4 Preparation of Vehicles for Repair. hydrogen or LNG-fueled vehicles shall be provided with an 2903.4.1 Fuel shutoff valves. Vehicle fuel shutoff valves shall approved flammable gas-detection system. be closed prior to repairing any portion of the vehicle fuel system. 2903.3.2 System design. The flammable gas-detection system 2903.4.2 Damaged vehicles. Vehicles fueled by LNG or hydro- shall be calibrated to the types of fuels or gases used by vehicles to gen which may have sustained damage to the fuel system shall be be repaired. The gas detection system shall be designed to acti- inspected and evaluated for fuel system integrity prior to being vate when the level of flammable gas exceeds 25 percent of the brought into the repair garage.The inspection shall include test- lower explosive limit. Gas detection shall also be provided in ing of the entire fuel delivery system using a gas detector. 1-70 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3001 3007.2 ARTICLE 30-WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION 3001 -SCOPE 3004.5 Fire Alarms. The storage,manufacturing and processing of timber,lumber,ply- 3004.5.1 Transmission of alarms. An approved means for wood,veneers and by-products shall be in accordance with Arti- transmitting alarms to the fire department shall be provided in tim- cle 30. ber and lumber production mills and plywood and veneer mills. 3004.5.2 Manual fire alarm. A manual fire alarm system con- SECTION 3002-DEFINITIONS forming to Section 1007 shall be installed in areas of timber and lumber production mills and for plywood and veneer mills which 3002.1 General. For definitions of APPROVED, CHIPS, contain product dryers or other significant ignition sources as des- COLD DECK, COMBUSTIBLE DUST, HOGGED MATERI- ignated by the chief and shall be in accordance with Section 1007. AL,LUMBER and YARD WASTE FACILITY,see Article 2. EXCEPTION:When dryers or other sources of ignition are pro- 3002.2 Limited Application. For the purpose of Article 30,cer- tected by monitored fire sprinkler systems,a manual fire alarm system tain terms are defined as follows: is not required. FINES are small pieces or splinters of wood by-products that 3004.6 End Stops. Log and pole piles shall be stabilized by an will pass through a 0.25-inch(6.4 mm)screen. approved means to ensure pile stability. PLYWOOD AND VENEER MILLS are facilities that pro- SECTION 3005-LOG STORAGE AREAS cess raw wood products into finished wood products that include waferboard, oriented strandboard, fiberboard, composite wood 3005.1 General. Log storage areas shall be in accordance with panels and plywood. Section 3005. RAW PRODUCT is a mixture of natural materials such as tree, 3005.2 Cold Decking. Cold decks shall not exceed 500 feet brush trimmings,or waste logs and stumps. (152.4 m)in length,300 feet(91.4 m)in width and 20 feet(6096 STATIC PILES are piles in which processed product is mm)in height.Cold decks shall be separated from adjacent cold mounded and is not being turned or moved. decks or other exposures by a minimum of 100 feet(30 480 mm). TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES EXCEPTION: The size of cold decks protected by special fire are facilities that process raw wood products into finished wood protection in accordance with Section 1001.9 may be increased.Exam- ples of such,special fire protection include additional fire flow,portable products. turrets and deluge sets, and hydrant hose houses equipped with approved firefighting equipment capable of reaching the entire storage SECTION 3003-PERMITS area. For permits for wood product storage, see Section 105, SECTION 3006-STORAGE OF WOOD CHIPS AND Permit w.1. HOGGED MATERIAL IN ASSOCIATION WITH TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES SECTION 3004-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3006.1 General. The storage of wood chips and hogged materi- 3004.1 Open Yards. Open yards required by the Building Code als in association with timber and lumber production facilities shall be maintained around structures. shall be in accordance with Section 3006. 3004.2 Dust Control. Equipment or machinery located inside 3006.2 Size of Piles. Piles shall not exceed 60 feet(18 288 mm) system in height, 300 feet(91.4 in) in width and 500 feet(152.4 in) in buildings which generates or emits combustible dust shall pro- length.Piles shall be separated from adjacent piles or other expo- vided with an approved dust-collection and exhaust sy installed in conformance with Article 76 and the Mechanical sures by fire department access roadways. Code. Equipment or systems that are used to collect,process or EXCEPTION:The size of piles protected by special fire protection convey combustible dusts shall be provided with an approved in accordance with Section 1001.9 may be increased. explosion-control system. 3006.3 Pile Fire Protection. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided in conveyor tunnels and combustible enclosures 3004.3 Waste Removal. Sawmills, planning mills and other that pass under a pile.Combustible or enclosed conveyor systems woodworking plants shall be equipped with a waste-removal sys- shall be protected by automatic sprinkler protection. tem which will collect and remove sawdust and shavings. Such systems shall be installed in accordance with Article 76 and the 3006.4 Material-handling Equipment. Approved material- Mechanical Code. handling equipment shall be readily available for moving wood 3004.4 Fire Apparatus Access Roads. chips and hogged material. 3006.5 Emergency Plan. The owner or operator shall develop a 3004.4.1 Access. Fire apparatus access roadways shall be pro- plan for monitoring,controlling and extinguishing spot fires.This vided for buildings and facilities in accordance with Sec- plan shall be submitted to the chief for review and approval. tion 902.2. EXCEPTION:The requirement for an all-weather driving surface SECTION 3007-PLYWOOD AND VENEER MILLS may be modified for access to exterior storage areas when approved. 3004.4.2 Access plan. When storage pile configurations could 3007.1 General. Plant operations of plywood and veneer mills change due to changes in product operations and processing,the shall be in accordance with Section 3007. access plan shall be submitted for approval when required by the 3007.2 Dryer Protection. Dryers shall be protected throughout chief. by an approved,automatic-deluge water-spray protection system. 1-71 3007.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3009.3 Deluge heads shall be inspected quarterly for pitch build-up.Del- dures and schedules for the inspection,monitoring and restricting uge heads shall be flushed during regular maintenance for func- of excessive internal temperatures in static piles shall be sub- tional operation.Manual activation valves shall be located within mitted to the chief for review and approval. 75 feet(22 860 mm)of the drying equipment. 3008.7 Pile Fire Protection. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided in conveyor tunnels and combustible enclosures SECTION 3008—STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF that pass under a pile.Combustible or enclosed conveyor systems WOOD CHIPS, HOGGED MATERIAL, FINES, shall also be protected by automatic sprinklers. COMPOST AND RAW PRODUCT IN ASSOCIATION 3008.8 Fire Extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers with a WITH YARD WASTE AND RECYCLING FACILITIES minimum rating of 2-A:60-B:C shall be provided on all vehicles 3008.1 General. The storage and processing of wood chips, and equipment operating on piles and at all processing equipment. hogged materials,fines,compost and raw product produced from 3008.9 Material-handling Equipment. Approved material- yard waste,debris and recycling facilities shall be in accordance handling equipment shall be available for moving wood chips, with Section 3008. hogged material,wood fines and raw product during firefighting 3008.2 Storage Site. Storage sites shall be reasonably level and operations. be on solid ground or another all-weather surface.All sites shall be 3008.10 Emergency Plan. The owner or operator shall develop thoroughly cleaned before transferring wood products to the site. a plan for monitoring,controlling and extinguishing spot fires and 3008.3 Size of Piles. Piles shall not exceed 25 feet(7620 mm)in submit the plan to the chief for review and approval. height, 150 feet(45 720 mm)in width and 250 feet(76.2 m)in length. SECTION 3009—EXTERIOR STORAGE OF FINISHED EXCEPTION:The size of piles protected by special fire protection LUMBER PRODUCTS in accordance with Section 1001.9 may be increased. 3009.1 General. Exterior storage of finished lumber products 3008.4 Pile Separation. Piles shall be separated from adjacent shall be in accordance with Section 3009. piles by fire department access roadways. 3009.2 Exterior Lumber Storage. Exterior lumber storage 3008.5 Combustible Waste. The storage, accumulation and shall be in accordance with Section 1103.3.5. Lumber storage handling of combustible materials and control of vegetation shall shall be arranged to form stable piles. Piles shall not exceed be in accordance with Section 1103. 150,000 cubic feet(4248 m3)in volume. 3008.6 Static Pile Protection. Static piles shall be monitored by 3009.3 Security. Permanent lumber storage areas shall be sur- an approved means to measure temperatures within the static rounded with an approved fence. Fences shall be a minimum of piles.Internal pile temperatures shall be monitored and recorded 6 feet(1829 mm)in height. weekly.All records shall be kept on file at the facility and be made EXCEPTION: Lumber piles inside of buildings and production available for inspection. An operational plan indicating proce- mills for lumber,plywood and veneer do not require fences. 1-72 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 31 (NOT USED) 1-73 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3201 3211.5 ARTICLE 32— TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES, TENTS AND CANOPIES SECTION 3201 —SCOPE Floor coverings, bunting, combustible decorative materials and Tents and temporary membrane structures having an area in ex- effects, including sawdust when used on floors or passageways, Tess of d t square feet(1 membrane ne s and canopies in excess of ex- shall be composed of flame-resistant material or shall be treated with a flame retardant in an approved manner. See also Sec- square feet(37.2 m-)shall be in accordance with Article 32. tion 1103. SECTION 3202—DEFINITIONS Temporary membrane structures,tents or canopies shall have a permanently affixed label bearing the following information: 3202.1 General. For definitions of AWNING, COMBUS- 1.Identification of temporary membrane structure,tent or cano- TIBLE DECORATIVE MATERIALS, FLAME-RESISTANT py,size and fabric or material type. MATERIAL, FLAME RETARDANT, TEMPORARY MEM- BRANE STRUCTURE and TENT,see Article 2. 2. For flame-resistant materials, the necessary information to determine compliance with this article or Section 1103 as applica- 3202.2 Limited Application. For the purpose of Article 32,this ble. term is defined as follows: 3.For flame-retardant-treated materials,the date that the tem- CANOPY is a temporary structure, enclosure or shelter porary membrane structure,tent or canopy and other combustible constructed of fabric or pliable materials supported by any man- materials were last treated with an approved flame retardant. ner,except by air or the contents it protects,and is open without sidewalls or drops on 75 percent or more of the perimeter. 4. The trade name and type of flame retardant utilized in the flame-retardant treatment. SECTION 3203—PERMITS 5.The name of the person and firm that applied the flame retard- ant. For permits to erect temporary membrane structures,tents or can- opies,see Section 105,Permit t.1. SECTION 3208—PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SECTION 3204—USE PERIOD Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1002 and 1006.2.7. Temporary membrane structures,tents and canopies shall be used for a period of not more than 180 days within a 12-month period on a single premises. SECTION 3209—MAXIMUM OCCUPANT LOAD Occupant load requirements shall be in accordance with Sec- SECTION 3205—ACCESS, LOCATION AND PARKING tion 2501.16. 3205.1 Access.Fire apparatus access shall be provided in accord- ance with Section 902.2. SECTION 3210—SEATING ARRANGEMENTS 3205.2 Location and Parking.Temporary membrane structures, Seating in temporary membrane structures,tents or canopies shall tents and canopies shall not be located within 20 feet(6096 mm)of be in accordance with Section 2501.10. property lines,buildings,temporary membrane structures, other tents and canopies, parked vehicles or internal combustion en- SECTION 3211 —MEANS OF EGRESS gines.For the purpose of determining required distances,support ropes and guywires shall be considered as part of the temporary 3211.1 Distribution. Exits shall be spaced at approximately membrane structure,tent or canopy. equal intervals around the perimeter of the temporary membrane EXCEPTION:Separation distance between temporary membrane structure,tent or canopy and shall be located such that all points structures,tents and canopies,not used for cooking,is not required are 100 feet(30 480 mm)or less from an exit. when the aggregate floor area does not exceed 15,000 square feet (1393.5 m2). 3211.2 Number. Every tent and temporary membrane structure or usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit and not less SECTION 3206—STRUCTURAL STABILITY than the number of exits required by Table 3211-A. 3206.1 General.Temporary membrane structures,tents and can- 3211.3 Exit Openings. Exit openings from tents shall remain opies and their appurtenances shall be adequately braced and an- open unless covered by a flame-resistant curtain,provided: chored to prevent weather related collapse. Documentation of 1.Curtains shall be free sliding on a metal support.The support structural stability shall be furnished to the chief on request. shall be a minimum of 8 feet(2438 mm)above the floor level at the 3206.2 Air-supported and Inflated Structures.The design and exit.The curtains shall be so arranged that,when open,no part of construction of the fabric envelope,the method of anchoring,and the curtains obstructs the exit,and inflation systems for air-supported and air-inflated structures shall 2.Curtains shall be of a color,or colors,which contrasts with the be in accordance with the Building Code. See UBC Appendix color of the tent. Chapter 31,Division II. 3211.4 Doors. Exit doors shall swing in the direction of exit travel.To avoid hazardous pressure loss from air supported struc- SECTION 3207—FLAME RESISTANCE tures, such doors shall be automatic closing against operating The sidewalls,drops and tops of temporary membrane structures, pressures.Opening force at the door edge shall be in accordance tents and canopies shall be composed of flame-resistant material With the Building Code. or shall be treated with a flame retardant in an approved manner. 3211.5 Aisle. Aisles shall be in accordance with Section 1204. 1-75 3212 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3220 SECTION 3212—MAINTENANCE OF MEANS OF arrestors having openings not exceeding 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)wire EGRESS mesh. The required width of exits,aisles and passageways shall be main- 3216.3 Location. tained at all times to a public way. 3216.3.1 Cooking and heating equipment shall not be located Guywires,guyropes and other support members shall not cross within 10 feet(3048 mm)of exits or combustible materials. a means of egress at a height of less than 8 feet(2438 mm). 3216.3.2 Tents where cooking is performed shall be separated The surface of means of egress shall be maintained in an ap- from temporary membrane structures,other tents and canopies by proved manner. a minimum of 20 feet(6096 mm). 3216.3.3 Outdoor cooking that produces sparks or grease-laden SECTION 3213—MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION vapors shall not be performed within 20 feet(6096 mm)from a temporary membrane structure,tent or canopy. Means of egress shall be illuminated with light having an intensity 3216.4 LP-Gas. of not less than 1 footcandle (10.76 lx) at floor level while the structure is occupied.Fixtures required for means of egress illumi- 3216.4.1 General. Equipment such as tanks,valves,tubing and nation shall be supplied from a separate circuit or source of power other related components shall be approved and in accordance when required by Section 3214.2. with Article 82 and the Mechanical Code. 3216.4.2 Location of containers. LP-gas containers shall be lo- SECTION 3214—EXIT SIGNS cated outside and in accordance with Table 8204-A.Safety release valves shall be pointed away from the temporary membrane struc- 3214.1 When Required. Exit signs shall be installed at required ture,tent or canopy. exit doorways and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate EXCEPTION: Portable LP-gas containers used in temporary the direction of egress when the exit serves an occupant load of 50 membrane structures,tents or canopies in accordance with Sections or more. 8203.2.1.5 and 8203.2.1.6. 3214.2 Illumination. Exit signs in temporary membrane struc- 3216.4.3 Protection and security. Portable LP-gas containers, tures, tents and canopies with occupant loads of more than 100 piping,valves and fittings which are located outside and are being persons shall be of an approved self-luminous type or shall be in- used to fuel equipment inside a temporary membrane structure, ternally or externally illuminated by fixtures supplied in the fol- tent or canopy shall be adequately protected to prevent tampering, lowing manner: damage by vehicles or other hazards and shall be located in an ap- 1.Two separate circuits,one of which shall be separate from all proved location. other circuits,for occupant loads of 300 or less,or 3216.5 Electrical Heating and Cooking Equipment. Electri- cal cooking and heating equipment shall be in accordance with the 2.Two separate sources of power,one of which shall be an ap- Electrical Code and Article 85. proved emergency system,shall be provided when the occupant load exceeds 300.Emergency systems shall be supplied from stor- SECTION 3217—FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE age batteries or on-site generator set, and the system shall be LIQUIDS installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. 3217.1 General. Flammable-liquid-fueled equipment shall not SECTION 3215—SOURCES OF IGNITION be used in temporary membrane structures,tents or canopies. 3217.2 Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage. Flam- 3215.1 Smoking. Smoking shall not be permitted in temporary mable and combustible liquids shall be stored outside in an ap- membrane structures, tents and canopies or in adjacent areas proved manner not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from temporary where hay, straw, sawdust or other combustible materials are membrane structures, tents and canopies. Storage shall be in stored or used. NO SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously accordance with Article 79. posted. 3217.3 Refueling. Refueling shall be performed in an approved 3215.2 Fireworks,Open Flames and Hot Objects. Fireworks, location not less than 20 feet(6096 mm)from temporary mem- open flames and devices capable of igniting combustible materi- brane structures,tents and canopies. als shall not be used in or adjacent to a temporary membrane struc- ture,tent or canopy,unless otherwise approved. SECTION 3218—DISPLAY OF MOTOR VEHICLES Liquid-and gas-fueled vehicles and equipment used for display, SECTION 3216—COOKING AND HEATING competition or demonstration within assembly occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 2505. 3216.1 General. Cooking and heating shall be in accordance with Section 3216.Cooking and heating equipment,tanks,piping, SECTION 3219—GENERATORS hoses,fittings,valves,tubing and other related components shall be approved or in accordance with the Mechanical Code. Generators and other internal combustion power sources shall be EXCEPTION: Operations such as warming of Foods, cooking separated from temporary membrane structures, tents and cano- demonstrations and similar operations which do not present an ignition pies by a minimum of 20 feet(6096 mm)and be isolated from con- hazard. tact with the public by fencing, enclosure or other approved 3216.2 Ventilation. Cooking and heating equipment shall be means. vented to the outside air by approved means.Where vents or flues SECTION 3220—STANDBY PERSONNEL are used,all portions of the temporary membrane structure,tent, or canopy shall be no less than 12 inches(305 mm)from the flue or The provisions of standby personnel shall be in accordance with vent.Solid-fuel-burning equipment shall be equipped with spark Section 2501.18. 1-76 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3221—3221.4 TABLE 3211-A SECTION 3221 —HOUSEKEEPING rary membrane structure,tent or canopy being used for cooking or 3221.1 General. Housekeeping shall be in accordance with Sec- public assembly. tion 3221. EXCEPTION: Hay, straw and similar combustible materials 3221.2 Vegetation Removal. Combustible vegetation shall be treated with a flame retardant in an approved manner. removed from the area occupied by a temporary membrane struc- ture,tent or canopy and from areas within 30 feet(9144 mm)of 3221.4 Waste Material. The floor surface inside a temporary such structures. membrane structure,tent or canopy and the grounds outside and within a 30-foot(9144 mm)perimeter shall be kept clear of com- 3221.3 Storage. Hay, straw and similar combustible materials bustible waste.Such waste shall be stored in approved containers shall not be stored inside or within 30 feet(9144 mm)of a tempo- until removed from the premises. TABLE 3211-A—MINIMUM NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS AND MEANS OF EGRESS WIDTHS FROM TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES,TENTS AND CANOPIES' MINIMUM WIDTH OF EACH MEANS OF EGRESS(Inches) MINIMUM NUMBER x 25.4 for mm OF MEANS OF OCCUPANT LOAD EGRESS Tent or Canopy Membrane Structure 10 to 199 2 72 36 200 to 499 3 72 72 500 to 999 4 96 72 1,000 to 1,999 5 120 96 2,000 to 2,999 6 120 96 Over 3,000 7 120 96 1The total width of means of egress in inches(mm)shall not be less than the total occupant load served by a means of egress multiplied by 0.2(5.08).Such widths of means of egress shall be divided approximately equally among the separate means of egress. 1-77 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3301 3304 ARTICLE 33-CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM SECTION 3301 —SCOPE SECTION 3303—BUILDINGS Storage and handling of cellulose nitrate motion picture film, Buildings or portions thereof in which nitrate film is stored,ex- hereinafter referred to as "nitrate film," shall be in accordance amined, projected or processed shall be in accordance with the with Article 33. Building Code. EXCEPTION: Film having a cellulose acetate or other slow- burning base,referred to as"safety film." SECTION 3304—STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION 3302—PERMITS The storage and handling of nitrate film shall be in accordance For permits to store cellulose nitrate film, see Section 105, with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Stand- Permit c.3. and n.2.1. 1-79 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3401 3410.5 ARTICLE 34-AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS SECTION 3401 —SCOPE with a rating of not less than 4-A:40-B:C.When required by the Automobile wrecking yards shall be in accordance with Arti- chief, additional portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in Au Au specific use areas in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1. cle 34. For rubbish handling operations,see Articles 11 and 28. SECTION 3408—TIRES SECTION 3402—DEFINITIONS Tires shall be stored on racks in an approved manner or shall be 3402.1 General. For definitions of AUTOMOBILE WRECK- piled in accordance with Section 1103.3.6. ING YARD,RUBBISH and SALVAGE VEHICLE,see Article 2. 3402.2 Limited Application. For the purpose of Article 34,cer- SECTION 3409—BURNING OPERATIONS tain terms are defined as follows: MOTOR VEHICLE FLUIDS are liquids which are flam- The burning of salvage vehicles and salvage or waste materials mable, combustible or hazardous materials, such as crankcase shall be in accordance with Section 1102 and federal,state or local fluids,fuel,brake fluids,transmission fluids, radiator fluids and air quality control regulations. gear oil.This definition does not include liquids which are perma- nently sealed,such as hydraulic fluid within shock absorbers. SECTION 3410—MOTOR VEHICLE FLUIDS AND SECTION 3403—PERMITS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS For permits to operate automobile wrecking yards, see Section 3410.1 General. The storage,use and handling of motor vehicle 105,Permit a.5. fluids and hazardous materials,such as those used to operate air bags and electrical systems, shall be in accordance with Section SECTION 3404—FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS 3410 and Articles 29,79 and 80. Fire apparatus access roads shall be constructed and maintained 3410.2 Motor Vehicle Fluids. Motor vehicle fluids shall be throughout the site in accordance with Section 902.2. drained from salvage vehicles when such fluids are leaking.Stor- age and handling of motor vehicle fluids shall be done in an SECTION 3405—WELDING AND CUTTING approved manner. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored and handled in accordance with Articles 29,79 and 80. Welding and cutting operations shall be in accordance with Articles 49 and 74. 3410.3 Mitigation for Vehicle Fluid Leaks. Supplies or equip- ment capable of mitigating leaks from fuel tanks, crankcases, brake systems and transmissions shall be kept available on site. SECTION 3406—HOUSEKEEPING Single-use plugging,diking and absorbent materials shall be dis- Combustible rubbish accumulated on the site shall be collected Posed of as hazardous waste and removed from the site in a man- and stored in approved containers,rooms or vaults of noncombus- ner approved by federal,state or local requirements. tible materials. Combustible vegetation, cut or uncut, shall be 3410.4 Air Bag Systems. Removed air bag systems shall be removed when determined by the chief to be a fire hazard. handled and stored in accordance with Article 80. SECTION 3407—FIRE PROTECTION 3410.5 Lead-acid Batteries. Lead-acid batteries shall be removed from salvage vehicles when such batteries are leaking. Offices, storage buildings and vehicles used for site operations Lead-acid batteries that have been removed from vehicles shall be shall each be provided with at least one portable fire extinguisher stored in an approved manner. 1-81 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3501 3506 ARTICLE 35-COVERED MALL BUILDINGS SECTION 3501 —SCOPE EXCEPTIONS: 1. When approved,liquid-or gas-fueled appli- ances,tools,apparatus,craft or vehicles are allowed to be displayed Temporary use of the common pedestrian area within a covered within the mall. The display shall be in accordance with Sec- mall building for promotional, educational, assembly, sales or tion 2505.2. similar activities shall be in accordance with Article 35. 2.LP-gas-powered floor maintenance machines may be used when in conformance with Section 8203.2.2. SECTION 3502—DEFINITIONS 3504.4 Hazardous Materials. Hazardous materials shall not be used,stored or displayed in a mall. 3502.1 General. For definitions of COVERED MALL BUILD- EXCEPTION:Carcinogens,irritants,sensitizers,combustible liq- ING and MALL,see Article 2. uids and Class I oxidizers. 3502.2 Limited Use. For the purpose of Article 35,certain terms 3504.5 Nonflammable Gas. Cylinders containing nonflam- are defined as follows: mable gases shall be in accordance with Article 74. ALLOWABLE USE AREA is the area approved to conduct 3504.6 Combustible Decorative Materials and Signs. Com- activities in accordance with Article 35 and shall not include area bustible decorative materials and combustible signs other than necessary for main and cross aisles. plastics shall be in accordance with Section 1103.3.3.Plastic pan- CROSS AISLES are required aisles which permit egress from els and plastic signs shall be in accordance with the Building one main aisle to another through an allowable use area. Code.(See UBC Section 404.3.7.) FIXTURES are those furnishings accessory to the normal op- 3504.7 Fixtures. Fixtures shall not be located in main aisles or eration of the mall.Fixtures are allowed to include,but are not lim- cross aisles. ited to,seating,directories,planters and lighting fixtures. MAIN AISLE is that area of a mall designated to accommodate SECTION 3505—TEMPORARY STRUCTURES the required means of egress width located between the furthest projection of the area designated for use by a tenant and the allow- 3505.1 General. Temporary structures located in the allowable use area shall be in accordance with Section 3505. able use area. TEMPORARY STRUCTURES are kiosks, booths, conces- 3505.2 Flame Spread. Temporary structures shall be noncom- sion stands and similar structures. bustible or be treated and maintained in a flame-retardant condi- TEMPORARY USE is a single permitted activity not to ex- tion conforming to Class II flame-spread ratings. (See UBC ceed 60 consecutive days. Chapter 8.) 3505.3 Sprinkler Obstructions. Roofs or coverings for kiosks, SECTION 3503—PERMITS display booths, concession equipment or similar structures shall not exceed 4 feet(1219 mm)in dimension unless the area beneath For temporary use permits of the allowable use area,see Section the roofs or coverings is protected by an approved automatic 105,Permit m.2. fire-extinguishing system. SECTION 3504—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SECTION 3506—TEMPORARY PLACES OF ASSEMBLY 3504.1 Main Aisle Width. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) in width or the minimum required means of When the mall area,or any portion thereof,is used as a temporary egress width,whichever is greater,and shall be maintained in ac- place of assembly, such area shall be in accordance with Arti- cordance with Section 1204.Main aisles shall not be obstructed. cle 25. 3504.2 Cross Aisle Width. Cross aisles shall be a minimum of The means of egress facilities shall limit the number of persons 15 feet(4572 mm)in width or the required means of egress width, in attendance.The chief is authorized to establish the conditions whichever is greater,and shall be maintained in accordance with necessary to ensure that the covered mall building tenants do not Section 1204. have their means of egress obstructed by the assembly.It shall be the responsibility of the covered mall management to provide ade- 3504.3 Fueled Equipment. Liquid- or gas-fueled appliances, quate personnel to comply with the conditions required by the tools,apparatus,craft or vehicles shall not be located in a mall. chief. 1-83 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3601 3602.2.4 ARTICLE 36- DRY CLEANING SECTION 3601 —GENERAL 3601.6 Fire Protection. Approved portable fire extinguishers of a type suitable for fighting fires involving flammable or com- 3601.1 Scope. Dry-cleaning plants and systems shall be in ac- bustible liquids shall be provided in dry-cleaning plants in accord- cordance with Article 36. ance with Article 10.At least one extinguisher shall be provided at 3601.2 Definitions. each entrance to rooms where flammable or combustible liquids are stored or used. 3601.2.1 General. For definitions of COMBUSTIBLE LIQ- 3601.7 Smoking. Smoking in dry-cleaning plants shall only be UID,DRY CLEANING and FLAMMABLE LIQUID, see Arti- within designated smoking rooms.NO SMOKING signs shall be cle 2. posted in rooms containing flammable or combustible liquids.See 3601.2.2 Limited applications. For the purposes of Article 36, Section 1109.4. certain terms are defined as follows: CONTAINER is a vessel of 60 United States gallons(227 L)or SECTION 3602—DRY CLEANING WITH less capacity used for transporting or storing flammable or com- NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS EXCEPT FOR bustible liquids. Pipes, piping systems, engines and engine fuel LIMITED-ACCESS SPOTTING OPERATIONS tanks are not considered to be containers. 3602.1 General. Class IV dry-cleaning plants and systems shall NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUID is a liquid that does not ex- be in accordance with Section 3602. hibit a flash point. 3602.2 Equipment. STORAGE is the keeping,retention or leaving of flammable or combustible liquids in closed containers,tanks or similar vessels. 3602.2.1 Compatibility. Equipment used for dry cleaning with noncombustible liquids shall be suitable for the type of solvent uti- 3601.3 Permits. For permits to engage in dry cleaning,see Sec- lized and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's tion 105,Permit d.l. recommendations. 3601.4 Plant and System Classification. Dry-cleaning plants 3602.2.2 Solvent-handling systems. and systems shall be classified according to the character of the flammable or combustible liquids used or stored as listed below 3602.2.2.1 Transfer. The transfer and circulation of solvents (see Section 3603.2 regarding the use of Class I liquids): shall be through closed systems. 1. Class II plants or systems are those plants or systems in 3602.2.2.2 Pumps. Pumps used for the transfer or circulation of which Class 11 combustible liquids in quantities that exceed the solvents shall be designed with leakproof seals.Positive displace- exempt amounts set forth in Articles 79 and 80 are used as solvents ment pumps shall be fitted with relief valves or bypasses to pre- for dry cleaning. vent overpressure. 2. Class III-A plants or systems are those plants or systems in 3602.2.2.3 Physical protection. Flow and level sight glasses which Class 111-A combustible liquids in quantities that exceed shall be protected against physical damage. the exempt amounts set forth in Articles 79 and 80 are used as sol- vents for dry cleaning. 3602.2.2.4 Testing. Piping, valves and sight glasses shall be tested at a minimum of 150 percent of the system's maximum op- 3. Class III-B plants or systems are those plants or systems in erating pressure. Testing shall be in accordance with nationally which Class III-B combustible liquids in quantities that exceed the recognized standards. See Article 90,Standard a.2.5. exempt amounts set forth in Articles 79 and 80 are used as solvents for dry cleaning. 3602.2.3 Exhaust ventilation systems. Dry-cleaning systems shall be provided with an automatically activated exhaust ventila- 4. Class IV plants or systems are those plants or systems in tion system to maintain a minimum of 100-feet-per-minute(0.51 which only Class 11,III-A or III-B combustible liquids not exceed- m/s) air velocity through the loading door when the door is ing the exempt amounts set forth in Articles 79 and 80 or noncom- opened.Such systems for dry-cleaning equipment shall be in ac- bustible liquids are used as solvents for dry cleaning, using cordance with the Mechanical Code. See Uniform Mechanical flammable and combustible liquids only for spotting. Code Chapter 5. Except for the quantities of liquids allowed for scouring,brush- EXCEPTION:Dry-cleaning units need not be provided with ex- ing or spotting in Section 3603.13,when more than one class of haust ventilation when an exhaust hood is installed immediately out- flammable or combustible liquid solvent is used or stored in a side of and above the loading door which operates at an airflow rate as plant or system,the plant or system classification shall be based on follows: the numerically lowest class. Q=100 x Ago 3601.5 Control of Solvents. For SI: Q=510 x Ago WHERE: 3601.5.1 Changes in class. Solvents shall not be changed to a Q = flow rate exhausted through the hood,cubic feet per min- solvent in a more hazardous classification unless such change has ute(L/s). been approved and a new permit has been issued. Ago area of the loading door,square feet(m2). 3601.5.2 Verification of class. The chief is authorized to require 3602.2.4 Combustion air. Combustion air for fuel-burning that samples of solvents be taken and tested to verify that a plant or equipment shall be taken from exterior openings that are located a system is correctly classified. Tests shall be by an independent minimum of 5 feet (1524 mm) from exhaust openings for agency or laboratory. dry-cleaning equipment. 1-85 3602.3 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3603.6 3602.3 Storage of Solvents and Waste Solvents. the capacity of individual containers or tanks within the building does not exceed 275 gallons(1041 L). 3602.3.1 Flammable and combustible solvents. The storage 2.Class III-A plants and associated operations are allowed to be sep- of flammable and combustible liquid solvents and waste solvents arated from other occupancies by two-hour fire-resistive occupancy Shall be in accordance with Article 79. separations when the total quantity of.Class III-A liquids within the building does not exceed 1,320 gallons(4997 L)and the capacity of in- 3602.3.2 Noncombustible solvents. The storage of noncom- dividual containers or tanks within the building does not exceed 330 bustible liquid solvents and waste solvents that are hazardous gallons(1249 L). materials shall be in accordance with Article 80. 3603.4.5 Occupancy separations within plants. 3602.4 Spotting operations. 3603.4.5.1 Dry-cleaning rooms. Dry-cleaning rooms contain- 3602.4.1 General. The local application of flammable or com- ing Class II or Class III-A liquid solvents shall be separated from bustible liquids for the removal of stains shall be in accordance other uses, including solvent storage, offices and laundering, with Section 3602.4, Article 79 and Article 80. Spotting opera- scouring, scrubbing,pressing and ironing operations,by not less tions shall be in accordance with Section 3603.13 except as modi- than a two-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation. fied by Section 3602.4. EXCEPTION:Solvent storage tanks need not be separated from the dry-cleaning room when the capacity of each such tank does not ex- 3602.4.2 Public access. Areas where flammable and combus- ceed 1,500 gallons(5678 L),provided there are not more than two stor- tible liquids are used for spotting operations shall not be accessible age tanks and the aggregate capacity of all solvent tanks and containers by the public. within the room does not exceed 7,500 gallons(28 391 L). Dry-cleaning rooms containing Class III-B solvents need not be 3602.4.3 Dispensing at workstations. Dispensing of flam- separated from other uses in the dry-cleaning plant;however,the mable or combustible liquids for spotting operations shall be from maximum capacity of any container or tank within the room shall approved containers.The amount of flammable and combustible not exceed 2,500 gallons(9464 L)and the capacity of all contain- liquid solvents at each workstation shall not exceed 1 gallon(3.8 ers or tanks within the room shall not exceed 7,500 gallons L), 1 pint(0.47 L)of which is allowed to be in a plastic container. (28 391 L). 3603.4.5.2 Solvent storage. Except for solvent storage allowed SECTION 3603—DRY CLEANING WITH FLAMMABLE within a dry-cleaning room in Section 3603.4.5.1,solvents stored AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS within a plant shall be within liquid storage rooms in accordance with Section 7902.5.11. 3603.1 General. Class II,III-A and III-B dry-cleaning plants or EXCEPTION:Solvent storage for scouring,brushing and spotting systems shall be in accordance with Section 3603. operations in quantities not exceeding exempt amounts for control areas set forth in Section 7902.5.7.1 and stored in accordance with Sec- 3603.2 Class I Liquids. Class I liquids shall not be used for dry tion 7902.5 as required for such quantities. cleaning. 3603.4.5.3 Drying rooms. Rooms or areas in which articles are EXCEPTION: Class I liquids used in accordance with Sec- hung up to dry shall be separated from other uses by not less than a tion 3603.13. two-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation. 3603.3 Heating of Liquids. The temperatures of Class II and EXCEPTION:Approved drying or deodorizing cabinets located Class III-A liquids shall not exceed 90°F(32.2°C).The tempera- within dry-cleaning rooms. ture of Class III-B liquids shall not be in excess of 30°F(1.1°C) 3603.4.5.4 Rooms containing open flames. Fuel-burning below their flash point.When liquid coolers are required,temper- equipment which generates an open flame shall be separated from atures shall be monitored by visual as well as audible alarming de- rooms in which solvents are used or stored by not less than a vices installed to warn operators that temperatures are four-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation. Openings to such approaching the specified limitation. rooms shall be at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from openings into 3603.4 Occupancy Requirements. rooms containing solvents. 3603.4.1 General. Class II and Class III-A dry-cleaning plants 3603.4.5.5 Floors. Floors in rooms containing solvents shall be shall be within Group H, Division 2 Occupancies. Class III-B in accordance with the Building Code as required for floors in liq- dry-cleaning plants shall be within Group F,Division 1 Occupan- uid storage rooms. cies.Classes II,III-A and III-B plants shall also be within an occu- 3603.5 Ventilation. A mechanical ventilation system which is pancy complying with the Group H, Division 7 Occupancy designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot of air per minute for each square classification when required by the Building Code. foot(5.1 L/s per square meter)of floor area shall be installed in 3603.4.2 Fire protection. Buildings containing dry-cleaning dry-cleaning rooms and in drying rooms. plants shall be protected throughout by an automatic fire-sprinkler The ventilation system shall operate automatically when the system in accordance with the Building Code. dry-cleaning equipment is in operation and shall have manual 3603.4.3 Location within buildings. Dry-cleaning rooms and controls at an approved location. solvent storage rooms shall be located only on the first story. 3603.6 Fuel-burning Equipment. Fuel-burning equipment shall be separated from dry-cleaning operations and solvent stor- 3603.4.4 Plant separations. Buildings containing Class II or age areas as required by Section 3603.4.5.4. Circulating-air sys- III-A dry-cleaning plants and their associated operations shall be tems which return air from dry-cleaning rooms or solvent rooms to separated from other businesses by not less than four-hour fire-re- fuel-burning or other heating equipment shall not be used. sistive occupancy separations. EXCEPTION: Forced-air, fuel-burning or other heating equip- EXCEPTIONS:1.Class II dry-cleaning plants and associated op- ment which is separated from the dry-cleaning room is allowed when erations are allowed to be separated from other businesses by two-hour only Class III-13 systems are used. Combustion air for fuel-burning fire-resistive occupancy separations when the total quantity of Class II equipment shall not be taken from rooms in which liquids are used or liquids within the building does not exceed 550 gallons(2082 Q and stored or from areas containing flammable vapors. 1-66 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3603.7 3603.11 3603.7 Electrical Wiring and Equipment. Artificial illumina- 3603.9 Dry-cleaning Units. tion shall be by electricity. Electrical wiring and equipment shall 3603.9.1 Construction. Immersion and agitation of textiles in be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. Electrical solvent and the extraction of solvent from textiles shall be within forced-air heating systems shall be in accordance with Sec- dry-cleaning machines that comply with Section 3603.9. tion 3603.6. Dry-cleaning machines shall be substantially constructed closed 3603.8 Solvent Containers, Tanks and Transferring Equip- units that are well secured to the building or foundations. The ment. loading opening shall be equipped with a close-fitting door de- signed to prevent solvent leaks.The units shall be provided with 3603.8.1 General. Containers and tanks shall be in accordance interlocks to prevent cylinder rotation under power when the J with Section 7902,except as modified by Section 3603.8.Piping doors are open.A manually operated stop switch shall be installed shall be in accordance with Section 7901.11; however, flexible on or at each unit. hoses resistant to the solvent are allowed to connect equipment EXCEPTION:Scouring,brushing and spotting operations in ac- when the operating pressures do not exceed 5 psi(34.5 kPa). Re- cordance with Section 3603.13. quired shutoff valves at equipment shall be located ahead of flex- ible connectors. 3603.9.2 Connections. Dry-cleaning units shall be provided with an overflow pipe one size larger than the size of solvent sup- 3603.8.2 Transferring. Transferring of solvents from storage ply line to the machine.Such overflow pipe shall be connected to tanks through processes shall be by closed-circuit piping.Positive the shell of the washer such that the top of overflow is below the displacement pumps shall have a bypass and relief valve. bottom of the trunion shaft. The overflow pipe shall be without Fill openings to storage tanks shall be located outside of the shutoff valves and be arranged to discharge to a suitable tank.The building at an approved location.Fill pipe inlets shall be perma- supply pipe shall contain a shutoff valve, shall enter the washer nently identified with the appropriate liquid classification. above the discharge level and shall discharge away from the door opening. 3603.8.3 Venting. The emergency relief venting capacity for 3603.9.3 Traps. Individual button and lint traps shall be pro- aboveground tanks and containers shall not be less than that vided for each dry-cleaning unit. derived from Table 7902.2-H multiplied by 0.3.In calculating the vent size, 100 percent of the surface area of the tank or container 3603.9.4 Warning labels and signs. A permanently affixed la- shall be assumed to be wetted. bel or sign shall be displayed near the door opening of each ma- chine indicating that it is not to be operated with solvents having a 3603.8.4 Gaging device. A gaging device shall be installed on flash point less than a specified level. The specified flash point inside storage or treatment tanks.Gaging devices shall be of a de- shall be the minimum flash point established by the manufacturer. sign that will not allow vapors to escape within the building or liq- The label or sign shall also indicate that the doors to the machine uids to escape in case a gage is broken. shall not be opened until the rotating cylinder has stopped. 3603.8.5 Sludge removal. When underground treating and 3603.10 Stills. The source of heat for stills shall be steam, hot settling tanks are used,a separate suction pipe shall be carried to water or oil.When steam is used,a pressure-regulating valve shall the bottom of the tank and a pump shall be installed to remove the be installed in the steam line to the still,and a check valve shall be sludge. Discharge piping from the pump shall connect to a suitable installed in the steam line between the boiler and the still. Stills container. shall be liquid and gas tight and shall be designed to operate on the 3603.8.6 Treatment tanks. Treatment tanks shall be con- vacuum principle.If a relief valve is installed on a still,it shall be structed in accordance with approved standards and shall be de- equipped with a vent line extending to the exterior. signed for working pressure not less than 15 psig (103.4 kPa) Stills shall be provided with a combination vacuum and pres- when they are subjected to pressures greater than atmospheric. sure gage.Stills shall be equipped with a constant level device to Pressure-relief devices shall be installed on treatment tanks that automatically maintain the solvent liquid in the still at the proper are subjected to pressures greater than atmospheric which will height. prevent the pressures in the tank from exceeding 10 percent above 3603.11 Drying Tumblers and Cabinets. Drying tumblers the working pressure.Relief devices shall be connected to an un- shall be of substantial construction,well secured to foundations derground tank or an aboveground tank of a dry-cleaning unit by and shall be provided with self-closing explosion hatches having piping not less than 3/4 inch(19 mm)in diameter without a shutoff an area of 0.011 square feet per cubic foot(0.036 m2 per m3)of valve in the piping. cylinder volume.Hatches shall be arranged to open away from the operator. Drying tumblers in Class II systems shall be provided 3603.8.7 Filters and pressure-relief devices. Pressure-type fil- tern shall be equipped with a reliable pressure gage and shall not be with approved extinguishing equipment arranged to operate auto- operated at pressures exceeding those for which they were de- matically in case of a fire,unless otherwise approved. signed. Filters shall be provided with an air-bleeding valve and Drying tumblers in Class II systems shall be provided with a line connected to discharge into a washer or into the storage tank steam jet of not less than 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)size for humidifying vent line. Such air-bleeding lines shall not discharge into the during the drying processes.Drying tumblers and drying cabinets room. shall be ventilated to the outside by means of pipes or ducts con- nected to an exhaust fan of sufficient capacity to remove dust,va- Pressure-relief devices shall be installed on pressure filters to pors or lint generated by the process.Such discharge pipes or ducts prevent the pressure in the filter from rising more than 10 percent shall be carried to a height of not less than 6 feet(1829 mm)above above its working pressure. Relief devices shall be connected to the roof and shall be provided with cleanout facilities.Discharge an underground tank or dry-cleaning unit by piping not less than pipes shall not terminate within 10 feet(3048 mm),measured hor- 3/4 inch(19 mm)in diameter. izontally,from doors,windows or combustible walls. 3603.8.8 Sight glasses. Sight glasses, the breakage of which The fan shall be properly housed and interlocked to ensure oper- would allow the escape of liquids,shall not be of the type readily ation while the drying tumbler is in use.Fan blades shall be of non- damaged by heat and shall be protected against physical damage. ferrous metal,and fan motors shall not be located within the duct. 1-87 3603.12 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 3603.13.3 3603.12 Bonding and Grounding. 3603.13.2 Type of solvent. Scouring,brushing and spotting op- erations using solvents with lower flash points than the solvents 3603.12.1 General. Storage tanks, treatment tanks, filters, used in the plant dry-cleaning units shall be limited to 1 gallon pumps,piping, ducts,dry-cleaning units, stills,tumblers,drying (3.785 L).Such solvents shall be dispensed from approved safety cabinets and other such equipment, if not inherently electrically cans. conductive, shall be bonded together and grounded. Isolated equipment shall be grounded. Additional storage shall be in approved safety cans or approved metal shipping containers not exceeding 1-gallon (3.785 L) ca- 3603.12.2 Pulleys and belts. Pulleys and belts in dry-cleaning pacity. Class I liquids and Class 11 liquids in Class III plants that rooms shall be provided with properly grounded combs, collec- are not in use shall be stored in liquid cabinets that comply with tors or neutralizers. Section 7902.5.9 or shall be within liquid storage rooms comply- '� 3603.12.3 Double process equipment. When fabrics are trans- ing with Section 7902.5.11. ferred from one piece of equipment to another,the two pieces of Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at scouring,brushing equipment shall be electrically bonded together. and spotting tables. The mechanical ventilation system shall be designed to capture vapors and exhaust them through a system that 3603.12.4 Spotting tables. Metal tops of spotting tables shall be complies with the Mechanical Code. permanently and effectively grounded. 3603.13.3 Dry cleaning outside of dry-cleaning units. Textiles 3603.13 Scouring,Brushing and Spotting. which cannot be cleaned within dry-cleaning units that comply with Section 3603.9 shall be cleaned on scouring or brushing 3603.13.1 Design. Scouring,brushing and spotting tables shall tables or in scrubbing tubs that contain not more than 3 gallons have a liquid-tight top with a curb on all sides not less than 1 inch (11.4 L) of flammable or combustible solvent. Scrubbing tubs (25.4 mm) high. The top of the table shall be pitched to ensure shall be secured to the floor and shall be provided with permanent thorough draining to a 11/2-inch(38 mm)drain connected to a suit- 11/2-inch(38 mm)trapped drains connecting to a suitable contain- able container especially provided and marked for such purpose. er especially provided and marked for such purpose. 1-88 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4001 4005.3 ARTICLE 40-[FOR SFM]MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTION A L STUDIO SOUND STAGES AND APPROVED A L PRODUCTION FACILITIES A L C L . A L C L A L C L L A SECTION 4001-GENERAL 4003.3 Live Audiences. A permit shall be required for seating L C arrangements of all live audience stages. Such arrangements A L L C 4001.1 Scope. Production studios, sound stages and approved shall be in accordance with Article 25. A L L C production facilities used by the entertainment industry for the A L L C purpose of motion picture,.television and commercial production A L L C shall be in accordance with the provisions of this article. SECTION 4004-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A L L C 4004.1 Housekeeping. Studio sound stages shall maintain A L LC 4001.2 Purpose. The purpose of this article is to establish mini proper housekeeping in accordance with Article 11,Section 1103. A L L A mum requirements that will provide a reasonable degree of safety A L L A from fire,panic and explosion. Buildings and structures defined 4004.2 Aisles. Perimeter aisles within the sound stage shall be C L L A herein shall be in accordance with this article. provided. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum C L L C width of 4 feet(1219 mm). See Article 12 for maintenance require- A L L A 4001.3 Definitions. C L L c ments.Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum clear A L L A APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITY is an existing build unobstructed height of 7 feet(2134 tutu). t L A ing,or portion of a building,or a group of buildings altered for use 4004.3 Travel Distance. The maximum travel distance to any A L L A by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, exit within the sound stage shall be 150 feet(45 720 min). C L L CA television and commercial production. C L 4004.4 Exit Doors. Exit doors shall be equipped with panic A L L A PLATFORM is part of a set which is a floor or horizontal sur- hardware and swing in the direction of exit travel. A L L A face raised above stage floor level. A L L C 4004.5 Exit Signs. Illuminated exit signs shall be installed in C L L A PRODUCTION LOCATIONis any area or facility outside a accordance with the California Building Code. A L L C production studio, approved production facility or sound stage A L L C used by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion pic,- 4004.6 Exit Illumination. Exit illumination shall be provided in A L L A ture, television and commercial production. accordance with the California Building Code. In the, event of C L L A power failure, exit path illumination shall be automatically pro- C L L A PRODUCTION STUDIO is a building,portion of a building, vided by an approved emergency back-up system. C L L C or a group of buildings designed and constructed for use by the en- A L L C tertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television 4004.7 Exit Obstructions. All means of egress shall be main- C L L C and commercial production. tained in accordance with the provisions of Article 12, Section A L L C SET is a structure built or assembled for the purpose of motion 1203. C L L A picture, television and commercial production. 4004.8 Foam Plastics. All foam plastics shall meet the require- C L L C ments of Article 11,Section 1103.3.3.4. A L L A SOUND STAGE is a building or portion of a building usually A L L C insulated from outside noise and natural light for use by the enter- A L L A tainment industry for the purpose of motion picture,television and SECTION 4005-FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS C L L A commercial production. C L L C 4005.1 Existing Sound Stages. All existing sound.stages A L L C equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system shall be main- A L L A SECTION 4002-OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION tained in accordance with the provisions in Article 10. C L L C 4005.2 New Sound Stages. All new sound stages shall be `C L L C 4002.1 Live Audience Stages. Production facilities, sound equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system. The A L L C stages and approved production studios with live audience stages system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions in A L L C shall be classified as Croup A,Division 3 Occupancies in accor- Article 10 and shall meet the minimum design requirements of an A L L C dance with the California Building Code. Extra Hazard,Group 2 system. A L L A 4002.2 All Other Stages. Production studios, sound stages and 4005.3 Solid-ceiling Sets and Platforms. All interior solid-cell- C L L A approved production facilities without live audience stages shall ing sets over 600 square feet(55.7 m2)in area shall be protected by C L L Abe classified as Group F, Division 1 Occupancies in accordance an automatic fire sprinkler system.Platforms over 600 square feet C L L A with the California Building Code. (55.7 m2)in area and which exceed 3 feet(914 mm)in height shall C L L A be protected by an automatic fire sprinkler system. C L EXCEPTIONS: 1.Approved and listed heat detectors shall be C L L C SECTION 4003-REQUIRED PERMITS installed beneath solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet(55.7 m2)in C L LC area and under platforms(when provided)over 600 square feet(55.7 A L L C 4003.1 Change in Use. A permit from the authority having�uris- m2)in area and which exceed 3 feet(914 mm)in height. A L L C diction shall be obtained any time a change in use or occupancy is Heat detectors shall be spaced 30 feet(9144 mm)on center or as A L LC intended by the owner(i.e.,for live audience shows,wrap parties). required by the manufacturer's installation instructions. Detectors A L L A shall be connected to an approved and listed central,proprietary or re- C L L C mote station service,or a local alarm which will give an audible signal .A L L A 4003.2 Additional Permits. A permit shall be required for the C L L C use o pyrotechnic special effects, open ante use, use o am- at a constantly attended location. Such system shall be installed in A L L A f Py p ff p flame f fl accordance with Article 10. C L L A mable or combustible liquids and gases, welding, and the parking 2.Sets with solid-ceilings over 600 square feet(55.7 m2)in area A L L A of motor vehicles within a sound stage or an approved production ,shall be positioned to allow.tbr the operation ql�the automatic}ire C L L C facility. sprinkler system after filming has been completed for the day. A L 1-88.1 4006 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4010 L A SECTION 4006—FIRE-DETECTION EQUIPMENT tapped from panelboards and switchboards where deadfront A L LA covers have to be removed. C L L C 4006.1 Fire Alarm Panels. Fire alarm panels shall be Califor- C L L C nia State Fire Marshal listed and shall be utilized in accordance 4008.4 Installations. Permanent or temporary electrical instal- C L L C with their listing. Panels may be temporarily supported by sets, lations.shall be installed in accordance with the California Elec- C L L C platforms or pedestals. trical Code and this code.Such equipment shall not obstruct exits, C L L A means of egress or fire department access. A L L A 4006.2 Heat Detectors. Heat detection required by this article A L L A shall be defined as a portable system as it is intended to be rein- 4008.5 Generators.Portable,mobile or stationary power-gener- A L L A stalled when platforms or sets are changed. ating equipment may be used to supplement building electrical A L L A Heat detectors shall be secured to standard outlet boxes which Power for temporary wiring.Equipment shall be located at a pre- A L L A may be temporarily supported by sets,platforms or pedestals. designated location as approved by the chief. A L L A Temporary auxiliary power cables supplied from mobile gener- A L L C SECTION 4007—FIRE SAFETY OFFICERS ators or adjacent buildings may pass through exterior walls and A L L A interior fire-resistive assemblies provided an approved through- A L L A Standby fire safety officers shall be required for all productions penetration fire-stop system is utilized for protection of the A L L A where pyrotechnic special effects are used. opening. C L A L L C Where permits are required by the Fire Code,standby fire safety C L L C officers shall be determined by the chief on a case-by-case basis. SECTION 4009—MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT C L L A L C Standby fire safety officers shall not be required when the provi- 4009.1 Existing Equipment.All mechanical equipment used as C L L C sions of this article are met. part of the building ventilation system shall be maintained in good C L L A working order and shall comply with the provisions of the Califor- C L L A SECTION 4008—ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS nia Mechanical Code. & L L C 4009.2 Auxiliary Equipment.All auxiliary heating, ventilation C L L C 4008.1 General. All electrical equipment including lighting, A L and air-conditioning equipment shall be approved and listed for C L L A cabling and temporary power,such as portable generators,shall A L L C the intended use. Flexible duct, if utilized, shall be noncombus- C L L A be maintained in good working order and shall comply with the A L L A provisions of the California Electrical Code. tible. Such auxiliary equipment shall not obstruct exits,means of A L L C egress or fire department access. C L L C 4008.2 Lighting and Power Requirements.A studio sound stage & L L C and approved production facility shall be provided with a mini- C L L C SECT/ON 4010—DESIGN REQUIREMENTS mum of 35 watts per square foot of permanently installed power C L L C dedicated for the distribution of production lighting and power. The fire chief shall be provided with certification that approved A L L C Mobile generators may be utilized for auxiliary power. production facilities and studio sound stages will sustain the an- C L L C 4008.3 Distribution. Distribution equipment shall be designed ticipated loads of sets,props or other temporary modifications. C L L C for sound stage use. The wiring to such equipment shall be consid- Where the anticipated loads exceed the design criteria for an C L L A ered permanent and shall comply with applicable provisions of the approved production facility and studio sound stage,the building A L L C California Electrical Code. Temporary feeders shall not be or portions thereof shall be modified for the additional loads. C L 1-88.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4101 4111 ARTICLE 41 -[FOR SFM] WINERY CAVES A L C L A L C L A L L A SECTION 4101—SCOPE 1. Inspect the required fire appliances to ensure they are in the A L proper place and in good working order. A L L C The use of subterranean space for winery facilities in natural or C L L A 2. Inspect all exits to verify accessibility and proper operation. A L L C manmade caves shall be in accordance with this article. A L While on duty, such individuals shall not be required or per- C L mitted to perform any duties other than those specified by the C L L A SECTION.4102—DEFINITIONS chief. C L L C 4102.1 General. For� definitions of ASSEMBLY, FIRE'AP- 4106.3 Open flame Devices.The use of candles and other open- A L L A PLIANCE and NONCOMBUSTIBLE,see Article 2. flame devices shall be in accordance with Section 2501.18. A L L A. 4102.2•Limited Application. For the purpose of Article 41,cer- A L L A tain terms are defined as follows: SECTION 4107—PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS A L TYPE I WINERY CAVES are natural or manmade caves used AND OTHER FIRE APPLIANCES C L C solely for storage and/or processing of wine at a winery facility. A portable fire extinguisher shall be located to be readily acces- A L L A Type 1 winery caves are not accessible to the public. sible.Its a location and spacing throughout the facility shall.be L C type, P g g f ty A L L C TYPE 2 WINERY CAVES are natural or manmade caves used in accordance with the provisions of Title 19,Article 5. C L L C for the'storage and/or processing of wine at a winery facility. Type When approved by the chief,garden hoses connected to a reli- A L L C 2 winery caves are accessible to the public on guided tours only. able domestic water supply may satisfy the requirement for a C L L C TYPE 3 WINERY CAVES are natural or manmade caves used Class A extinguisher.In these instances,all hose outlets shall be C L L A for the storage and/or processing of wine at a winery facility. Type identified similar to a fire extinguisher. C L L C 3 winery caves are accessible to the public on guided tours and Other fire appliances shall be maintained at the site as required A L L A contain assembly use areas. ' by the chief. A L L C SECTION 4103—PERMITS SECTION 4108-FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS A :L C ,L' L C For permits to operate Type 2 and 3 winery caves,see Section 105. An approved manual fire alarm system conforming with the provi- C L L C sions of Article 10,Section 1007.2.2,shall be provided in all Type A L L C 3 winery caves. C L L A SECTION 4104—FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS L A Fire apparatus access roads shall be constructed and maintained SECTION 4109—EXITS A L L C in accordance with Section 902. A L .1 Distribution. Exits shall be located remotely from each C L L A other and arranged to minimize any possibility that more than one C L L C SECTION 4105—CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS may be blocked off by any one f re or other emergency condition. C L L A 4105.1 Allowable Area. The area of winery caves shall not be 4109.2 Number.Winery caves shall be provided with a minimum A L L A limited if constructed entirely of noncombustible materials.. of two exits. A L L A Winery caves constructed with combustible materials shall be Assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be provided with A L L A limited in area so that no point is more than 150 feet(45 720 mm) exits as required by the California Building Code for Group A Oc- C L L A from an exit. cupancies. L C 4105.2 Interior Construction. The walls and ceilings of winery C L L A SECTION 4110—EXIT ILLUMINATION C L L C caves shall not contain hidden or concealed spaces. L C 4110.1 General.Exits shall be illuminated to a minimum intensi- C L L C ty of not less than 1 footcandle(10.76 Ix)at floor level whenever C L L A SECTION 4106—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A L L C the winery cave is occupied. Fixtures providing.exit illumination C L L C 4106.1 Public Tours. Tours for the public shall be continuously shall be supplied from a dedicated circuit or source of power used A L L C guided by staff knowledgeable in the location of exits and the use only for exit illumination. A L L C of emergency notification devices. C L 4110.2 Separate Sources of Power.The power supply for exit il- A L L A 4106.2 Standby Personnel. When, in the opinion of the chief, it is lumination may be provided by the premises'wiring system.In the L C event o its allure, illumination shall be automatically provided C L L A essential for public safety,the owner,agent or lessee shall employ f f y p A L L C from an emergency system in Types 2 and 3 wine caves.Emer- C L L A one or more qualified persons, as required and approved by the f g y y yp A L L C chief, to be on du at such lace.Such individuals shall be in uni gency systems shall be supplied from storage batteries or an on- C L LA f°rm or otherwise easily identifiable. site generator set,and the system shall be installed in accordance A L L C with the requirements of the California Electrical Code. C L L A Standby personnel shall be subject to the chief's orders at all C L L A times when so employed and shall remain on duty during the times A L L A such places are open to the public or when such activity is being SECTION 4111—EXIT SIGNS C L L A conducted. Exit signs shall be installed at required exits and where otherwise C L L C L A Before the start of any activity requiring standby personnel, necessary to clearly indicate the exits from assembly areas in Type' C L L A such individuals shall: 3 winery caves. A L 1-88.3 4112 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4113 L C SECTION 4112—MAXIMUM OCCUPANT LOAD SECTION 4113—SEATING ARRANGEMENTS c L L C Occupant load requirements in the assembly areas of Type 3 win- Seating arrangements in the assembly areas of Type 3 winery C L L C ery caves shall be in accordance with Section 2501.16. caves shall be in accordance with Section 2501.10. C L 1-88.4 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4501 4502.2.9 PART V , SPECIAL PROCESSES ARTICLE 45-APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES SECTION 4501 —GENERAL In other occupancies, spray-finishing operations shall be con- ducted in a spray booth,spraying area or spraying room approved 4501.1 Scope. Locations and areas where the following activi- for such use.Limited spraying areas for touch-up or spot painting ties are conducted shall be in accordance with Article 45: may be approved,provided they meet the requirements of Article 1. The application of flammable or combustible paint,varnish, 45.See Section 4502.6. lacquer,stain or other flammable or combustible liquid applied as 4502.2 Spray Booths. spray by compressed air,airless or hydraulic atomization,steam, electrostatic or other methods or means in continuous or intermit- 4502.2.1 Materials. Spray booths shall be substantially con- tent process, structed of steel not less than 0.044 inch(1.118 mm)(18 gage)in 2. Dip tank operations in which articles or materials are passed thickness or other approved noncombustible materials. through contents of tanks,vats or containers of flammable or com- 4502.2.2 Size. The aggregate area of spray booths in a building bustible liquids,including coating,finishing,treatment and simi- shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the area of any floor of a lar processes,and building or the basic area allowed for a Group H,Division 2 Occu- 3. The application of combustible powders by powder spray pancy without area increases,as set forth in the Building Code(see guns,electrostatic powder spray guns,fluidized beds or electro- UBC Table 5-13). static fluidized beds. The area of any individual spray booth in a building shall not exceed the lesser of the aggregate size limit or 1,500 square feet 4501.2 Definitions. For definitions of SPRAY BOOTH, (139 m2). SPRAYING AREA and SPRAYING ROOM,see Article 2. EXCEPTION:One individual booth not exceeding 500 square feet 4501.3 Permits. For permits for spraying or dipping operations (45 m'-). utilizing flammable or combustible liquids,or the application of 4502.2.3 Surfaces. Interior surfaces of spray booths shall be combustible powders regulated by Article 45, see Section 105, smooth and continuous without edges and otherwise designed to Permit s.1. prevent pocketing of residue,to allow free passage of exhaust air from all parts of the interior and to facilitate washing and cleaning 4501.4 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in spray-finish- without injury. ing areas and in the vicinity of dip tanks. NO SMOKING signs with lettering of approved size shall be conspicuously posted in 4502.2.4 Floors. Floors of spray booths shall be of noncombus- such areas. tible material or shall be covered with a noncombustible, non- sparking material of such character to facilitate safe cleaning and 4501.5 Welding Warning Signs. Conspicuous signs with the removal of residue. following warning shall be posted in the vicinity of spraying areas, 4502.2.5 Baffles. If installed,baffle plates shall be of a noncom- dipping operations and paint storage rooms: bustible material readily removable or accessible to facilitate cleaning and designed to provide an even flow of air through the NO WELDING booth and to prevent the deposit of overspray before it enters the The use of welding or cutting equipment in or near exhaust duct. Baffle plates shall not be installed in the exhaust this area is dangerous because of fire and explosion ducts. hazards.Welding and cutting shall be done only un- 4502.2.6 Deflectors. Spray booths having a frontal area of more der the supervision of the person in charge. than 9 square feet (0.84 m2) and not equipped with doors shall have a metal deflector or fire curtain not less than 41/2 inches (114.3 mm)deep installed at the upper outer edge of the booth over 4501.6 Electrical Wiring and Equipment. Electrical wiring the booth opening. and equipment shall be in accordance with Article 45 and the Elec- 4502.2.7 Separation. Spray booths shall be separated from oth- trical Code. er operations by not less than 3 feet(914 mm),by a wall or parti- 4501.7 Storage, Use and Handling of Flammable and Com- tion,or by a greater distance as required by the chief. bustible Liquids. The storage, use and handling of flammable 4502.2.8 Clear space. All portions of spray booths shall be and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. readily available for cleaning, and a clear space of not less than 3 feet(914 mm)shall be kept free of storage or combustible mate- rials. SECTION 4502—SPRAY FINISHING 4502.2.9 Light fixtures. When spray booths are illuminated, 4502.1 Location of Spray-finishing Operations. When con- fixed lighting units which transmit light into the spray booth ducted in buildings used for assembly,educational,institutional or through heat-treated or hammered wire glass shall be used.Glass residential occupancies, spray-finishing operations shall be lo- panels shall be arranged to minimize breakage and so that normal cated in a spraying room protected with an approved automatic accumulation of residue on the exposed surface of a panel will not sprinkler system and separated vertically and horizontally from be raised to a dangerous temperature by heat from the source of other areas in accordance with the Building Code. illumination. 1-89 4502.2.10 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4502.5.5 4502.2.10 Exit doors. Exit doors from premanufactured paint rated from the spraying area by partitions shall not produce sparks spray booths shall not be less than 2 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 8 inches under normal operating conditions. Electric lamps in such areas (763 mm by 2032 mm). shall be totally enclosed to prevent the falling of hot particles and 4502.3 Spray Booths Using Dry Filters. shall be protected from physical damage by suitable guards or by location. Such areas shall be considered a Class I,Division 2 haz- 4502.3.1 General. Spray booths using dry filters and dry filter ardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code. rolls and the use and handling of such filters shall be in accordance 4502.4.3.3 Portable electric lamps. Portable electric lamps with Section 4502.3. shall not be used in spraying areas during spraying operations. 4502.3.2 Maintaining air velocity. Spray booths equipped with Portable electric lamps,if used during cleaning or repairing opera- a filter roll which is automatically advanced when the air velocity tions,shall be of a type approved for hazardous locations. is reduced to less than 100 lineal feet(30 480 mm)per minute shall 4502.4.4 Grounding. Metal parts of spray booths,exhaust ducts be arranged to cause shut down of spraying operations if the filter and piping systems conveying Class I or II liquids shall be electri- roll fails to automatically advance. cally grounded in accordance with the Electrical Code. Visible gages or audible alarm devices shall be installed to indi- 4502.5 Ventilation of Spray Booths and Spraying Areas. cate that the required air velocity is maintained in accordance with 4502.5.1 General. Spraying areas shall be provided with me- Section 4502.5. chanical ventilation adequate to prevent the dangerous accumula- 4502.3.3 Filter disposal. Discarded filter pads shall be immedi- tion of vapors. ately removed to a safe,well-detached location or placed in a wa- Mechanical ventilation shall be kept in operation at all times ter-filled metal container and disposed of at the close of each day's while spraying operations are being conducted and for a sufficient operation. time thereafter to allow vapors from drying coated articles and fin- 4502.3.4 Filter obstruction. Articles being sprayed shall be po- ishing material residue to be exhausted.Spraying equipment shall sitioned in a spray booth in a manner which does not obstruct col- be interlocked with the ventilation of the spraying area such that lection of overspray. spraying operations cannot be conducted unless the ventilation system is in operation. 4502.3.5 Spontaneous ignition. Spray booths using dry filters Air exhausted from spraying operations shall not be recircu- shall not be used for spraying materials which are known to be lated. highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition. Filters shall be changed prior to spraying materials which could 4502.5.2 Air velocity. Ventilation systems shall be designed,in- react with other materials previously collected.Examples of po- stalled and maintained such that the average air velocity over the tentially reactive combinations include lacquer when combined open face of the booth,or booth cross section in the direction of with varnishes,stains or primers. See also Section 4502.9.5. airflow during spraying operations,shall not be less than 100 lin- eal feet(30 480 mm)per minute. 4502.3.6 Filter material. Clean filters shall be noncombustible 4502.5.3 Independent ducts. Each spray booth shall have an in- or of an approved type. dependent exhaust duct system discharging to the building's exte- 4502.4 Sources of Ignition. rior. EXCEPTION:Multiple cabinet spray booths having a combined 4502.4.1 General. Open-flame and spark-producing equipment frontal area of 18 square feet(1.62 m2)or less are allowed to have a shall not be located in spraying areas and shall not be located with- common exhaust when identical spray-finishing material is used in in 20 feet(6096 mm)of spraying areas unless separated by a parti- each booth.If more than one fan serves one booth,fans shall be inter- tion. connected such that all fans operate simultaneously. EXCEPTION: Equipment allowed by Sections 4502.10,4504.1 4502.5.4 Fan motors and belts. Electric motors driving exhaust and 4504.2. fans shall not be placed inside booths or ducts.Fan rotating ele- 4502.4.2 Hot surfaces. Space-heating appliances, steam pipes ments shall be nonferrous or nonsparking or casings shall consist and hot surfaces shall not be located in spraying areas where de- of or be lined with such material. posits of combustible residues could readily accumulate. Belts shall not enter ducts or booths unless belts and pulleys within a duct or booth are tightly enclosed. 4502.4.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. 4502.5.5 Duct material and termination point. Exhaust ducts 4502.4.3.1 Areas subject to overspray deposits. Electrical shall be constructed of steel having a thickness in accordance with equipment in spraying areas located such that deposits of combus- Table 4502.5-A. tible residues could readily accumulate thereon shall be specifi- The termination point for exhaust ducts discharging to the M cally approved for locations containing deposits of readily atmosphere shall not be less than the following: M ignitable residue and explosive vapors. M 1. Ducts conveying explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or EXCEPTIONS: 1. Wiring in rigid conduit,boxes or fittings dusts: 30 feet(9144 mm)from property line; 10 feet(3048 mm) not containing taps,splices or terminal connections. from openings into the building; 6 feet(1829 mm)from exterior M 2. Equipment allowed by Sections 4502.10, 4504.1 and walls or roofs;30 feet(9144 mm)from combustible walls or open- M 4504.2. ings into the building which are in the direction of the exhaust dis- M 4502.4.3.2 Areas not subject to overspray deposits. Electrical charge; 10 feet(3048 mm)above adjoining grade. M wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combustible resi- 2. Other product-conveying outlets: 10 feet (3048 mm) from M dues but located in a spraying area shall be of an explosion-proof property line;3 feet(914 mm)from exterior wall or roof; 10 feet type approved for use in a Class I,Division 1 hazardous location in (3048 mm)from openings into the building; 10 feet(3048 mm) accordance with the Electrical Code. above adjoining grade. M Electrical wiring,motors and other equipment located outside 3.Environmental air duct exhaust:3 feet(914 mm)from prop- M of,but within 20 feet(6096 mm)of,a spraying area and not sepa- erty line;3 feet(914 mm)from openings into the building. M 1-90 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 4502.5-A 4502.5.6—4502.9.3 TABLE 4502.5-A—MINIMUM THICKNESS OF EXHAUST DUCTS 4502.7 Storage, Use and Handling of Flammable and Com- DIAMETER OF DUCT(inches) MINIMUM SHEET THICKNESS(Inches) bustible Liquids. x 25.4 for mm 4502.7.1 General. The storage and handling of flammable and Over 8 to 18 0.027(22 gage) 8 or less 0.02 (2 gage) combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79 and Over 18 to 30 0.033(20 gage) Section 4502.7. Over 30 0.044(18 gage) 4502.7.2 Storage. Where the quantity of liquid in 5-gallon(18.9 L) and smaller containers, other than original sealed containers, 4502.5.6 Clearance between ducts and combustible construc- exceeds a total of 10 gallons(37.9 L),such liquids shall be stored tion. in a storage cabinet,liquid storage room or a room or building for using,dispensing and mixing liquids in quantities exceeding ex- 4502.5.6.1 General. Exhaust ducts shall have a clearance from empt amounts. See Sections 7902.5.9, 7902.5.11 and 7903.2.3. combustible construction or material of not less than 18 inches Open containers and glass containers shall not be used. (457 mm)unless protection of exposed surfaces is provided in ac- 4502.7.3 Handling. Original closed containers,approved porta- cordance with Section 4502.5.6.2. ble tanks,approved safety cans or a properly arranged system of 4502.5.6.2 Protected combustible construction. When com- piping shall be used for bringing flammable or combustible liq- bustible construction is provided with the following protection uids into spray-finishing areas. applied to all surfaces within 18 inches(457 mm)of the exhaust 4502.7.4 Use. Containers supplying spray nozzles shall be of a duct,clearances shall not be less than those indicated: closed type or provided with metal covers which are kept closed. 1. 0.013-inch(0.33 mm)(28 gage)sheet metal on 1/4-inch(6.4 Containers not resting on floors shall be on noncombustible sup- mm)insulating millboard . . . . . . . . 12 inches(305 mm) ports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed 10 gallons(37.9 L)capac- 2. 0.013-inch(0.33 mm)(28 gage)sheet metal on 1/8-inch(3.2 ity. mm)insulating millboard spaced out 1 inch(25.4 mm)on noncombustible spacers . . . . . . . . . . 9 inches(229 mm) 4502.7.5 Valves. Containers and piping to which a hose or flex- 3. 0.027-inch(0.67 mm)(22 gage)sheet metal on 1-inch(25.4 ible connection is attached shall be provided with a shutoff valve mm)rockwool balls reinforced with wire mesh or the equiva- at the connection.Such valves shall be kept shut when hoses are lent 3 inches(76 mm) not in use. :. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4502.5.7 Product-conveying system intake. The mechanical 4502.7.6 Ignition sources. Heaters shall not be located in spray ventilation system shall have air intake ducts extended to pick up booths or other locations subject to accumulation of deposits or flammable vapor within 6 inches(153 mm)of the floor. combustible residue. 4502.7.7 Pumped liquid supplies. If flammable or combustible 4502.5.8 Duct bends. Exhaust ducts shall not include individual liquids are supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement bends exceeding 45 degrees measured from the center line of the pumps,pump discharge lines shall be provided with an approved duct. Bends, turns and elbows in ducts and pipes shall be con- relief valve discharging to pump suction or a safe detached loca- structed in a manner which does not reduce the cross-sectional tion. area of the duct or pipe. 4502.7.8 Liquid transfer. When a flammable mixture is trans- 4502.5.9 Cleanouts. Cleanout openings shall be provided at in- ferred from one portable container to another,a bond shall be pro- tervals which allow thorough cleaning of ducts. Cleanout open- vided between the two containers.At least one container shall be ings in ducts and pipes shall be equipped with tightfitting sliding grounded.Piping systems for Class I and Class II liquids shall be or hinged doors constructed of metal which is equal to or greater permanently grounded. than the thickness of the duct or pipe.Such doors shall be equipped 4502.8 Fire-protection Equipment. with a substantial latch to hold the door tightly closed. 4502.8.1 General. Spray booths and spraying rooms shall be 4502.6 Limited Spraying Areas. protected by approved automatic fire-extinguishing systems. 4.502.6.1 General. When approved, limited spraying areas are Such systems shall be extended to protect exhaust plenums, ex- haust ducts and both sides of dry filters when such filters are used. allowed in accordance with Section 4502.6. For installation of automatic sprinklers in ducts,see the Mechani- 4502.6.2 Occupancy. Limited spraying areas shall only be lo- cal Code.(See UMC Chapter 5.) cated in Group H,Division 4 Occupancies. 4502.8.2 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided for spraying areas in accordance with the require- 4502.6.3 Job size. The aggregate surface area to be sprayed ments for an extra(high)hazard occupancy as set forth in UFC shall not exceed 9 square feet(0.84 m2). Standard 10-1. 4502.6.4 Frequency. Spraying operations shall not be of a con- 4502.9 Operations and Maintenance. tinuous nature. 4502.9.1 General. Spraying areas shall be kept free from the 4502.6.5 Ventilation. Positive mechanical ventilation shall be accumulation of deposits of combustible residues, as practical, installed which provides a minimum of six complete air changes with cleaning conducted daily if necessary. per hour.Such system shall meet the requirements of this code for 4502.9.2 Tools. Scrapers,spuds or other tools used for cleaning handling flammable vapors. purposes shall be constructed of nonsparking materials. 4502.6.6 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring within 10 feet 4502.9.3 Residue. Residues removed during cleaning and de- (3048 mm)of the floor shall be designed for Class 1,Division 2 bris contaminated with residue shall be immediately removed locations in accordance with the Electrical Code. from premises and properly disposed of. 1-91 4502.9.4 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4503.3.2 4502.9.4 Use of solvents. 4502.10.2.2.5 Interlocks. The spraying apparatus,drying appa- ratus and ventilating system for the spray booth or spraying room 4502.9.4.1 Class I liquids. shall be equipped with suitable interlocks arranged to: 4502.9.4.1.1 General. Class I liquids used as solvents shall be 1. Prevent operation of spraying apparatus while drying opera- used in spray gun and equipment cleaning machines which have tions are in progress, been listed and approved for such purpose or shall be used in spray 2. Purge spray vapors from the spray booth or spraying room booths or spraying rooms in accordance with Section 4502.9.4. for a period of not less than three minutes before drying apparatus 4502.9.4.1.2 Listed devices. Spray gun and equipment cleaning can be operated, machines shall be located in areas not open to the public and shall 3. Have the ventilating system maintain a safe atmosphere be separated from ignition sources in accordance with their list- within the spray booth or spraying room during the drying process ings or by a distance of 3 feet(914 mm),whichever is greater.The and automatically shut off drying apparatus in the event of a fail- quantity of solvent used in a machine shall not exceed the design ure of the ventilating system,and capacity of the machine. 4. Automatically shut off the drying apparatus if the air temper- 4502.9.4.1.3 Within spray booths and spraying rooms. When ature within the booth exceeds 160°F(71.1°C)when other than solvents are used for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equip- portable infrared drying apparatus is used. ment,the ventilating equipment shall be operated during cleaning. 4502.10.2.2.6 Portable infrared apparatus. When portable in- 4502.9.4.2 Class H and Class III liquids. Solvents used outside frared drying apparatus is used,electrical wiring and portable in- of spray booths,spraying rooms or listed and approved spray gun frared drying equipment shall comply with Article 45 and the and equipment cleaning machines shall be restricted to Class II Electrical Code. Electrical equipment located within 18 inches and Class III liquids. (457 mm)of floor level shall be approved for Class I,Division 2 hazardous locations. Metallic parts of drying apparatus shall be 4502.9.5 Alternate use of materials. Spray booths shall not be properly electrically bonded and grounded. alternately used with different types of coating materials where During spraying operations, portable drying apparatus and the combination of the materials could be conducive to sponta- electrical connections and wiring thereto shall not be located with- neous ignition,unless all deposits of the first-used material are re- in spray booths,spraying rooms or other areas where spray residue moved from the booth and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with the could be deposited thereon. second material. 4502.10.3 Spraying areas. Drying or baking units using a heat- 4502.9.6 Waste receptacles. Approved metal waste cans shall ing system having open flames or which could produce sparks be provided for rags and waste impregnated with finishing materi- shall not be installed in a spraying area. als.Rags and waste impregnated with finishing materials shall be deposited in such waste cans immediately after use.The contents When such units are installed adjacent to a spraying area,they of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily and shall be equipped with an interlocked ventilating system arranged at the end of each shift. to: 1. Thoroughly ventilate the drying space before the heating 4502.10 Drying Apparatus. system can be started, 4502.10.1 General. Drying apparatus shall be in accordance 2. Maintain a safe atmosphere at any source of ignition,and with Section 4502.10 and Article 62. 3. Automatically shut down the heating system in the event of a 4502.10.2 Spray booths and spraying rooms. failure of the ventilating system. 4502.10.2.1 General. Spray booths and spraying rooms shall SECTION 4503—DIPPING OPERATIONS not be alternately used for the purpose of drying by arrangements which could cause a material increase in the surface temperature 4503.1 Location of Dip Tank Operations. When conducted in of the spray booth or spraying room unless in accordance with buildings used for assembly,institutional or residential occupan- Section 4502.10.2.2. cies,dip tank operations shall be located in a room designed for the 4502.10.2.2 Drying operations. purpose,protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system, and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas in ac- 4502.10.2.2.1 General. Spray booths and spraying rooms used cordance with the Building Code. ' for spraying operations with drying conducted therein using dry- 4503.2 Ventilation of Vapor Areas. Vapor areas shall be pro- ing apparatus shall be in accordance with Section 4502.10.2.2. vided with mechanical ventilation adequate to prevent the danger- 4502.10.2.2.2 Drying apparatus. Drying apparatus used in ous accumulation of vapors. spraying rooms shall be of the portable infrared type. Required ventilating systems shall be arranged such that the Drying apparatus used in spray booths shall be of the portable failure of any ventilating fan will automatically stop dipping con- infrared type,or if other types of drying apparatus are used,the veyor systems. spray booth, including drying apparatus, shall be listed and ap- 4503.3 Construction of Dip Tanks and Appurtenances. proved for use with flammable vapors and combustible residues and shall be provided with explosion control. 4503.3.1 General. Dip tanks, including drain boards if pro- vided,shall be constructed of substantial noncombustible material 4502.10.2.2.3 Spraying procedure. The spraying procedure and their supports shall be of heavy metal,reinforced concrete or shall use low-volume spray application. masonry. 4502.10.2.2.4 Housekeeping. The interior of the spray booth or 4503.3.2 Overflow. Dip tanks of over 150 gallons(568 L)in ca- spraying room shall be kept free of overspray deposits. pacity or 10 square feet(0.93 m2)in liquid surface area shall be 1-92 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4503.3.2 4503.9.6 equipped with a properly trapped overflow pipe leading to a safe contents of waste cans shall be disposed of at the end of each shift location outside buildings. by approved methods. The bottom of the overflow connection shall not be less than 4503.7 Fire-extinguishing Equipment. 6 inches(153 mm)below the top of the tank. 4503.7.1 General. Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be pro- 4503.3.3 Bottom drains. Dip tanks over 500 gallons(1893 L)in vided with portable fire extinguishers suitable for flammable liq- liquid capacity shall be equipped with automatic and manual bot- uid fires,as specified for extra(high)hazard occupancies in UFC tom drains arranged to quickly drain the tank in event of fire,un- Standard 10-1. less the viscosity of the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature makes this impractical. Manual operation shall be from a safely 4503.7.2 Fixed equipment. An approved automatic fire-extin- accessible location.Where gravity flow is not practical,automatic 503.ng system or dip tank covers in accordance with Section 4 pumps shall be provided. 4503.8 shall be provided for: Such drains shall be trapped and discharged to a closed,proper- 1. Dip tanks of over 150-gallon (568 L) capacity or ly vented salvage tank or to a safe outside location. 10-square-foot(0.93 m )liquid surface area,and 2. Dip tanks containing a liquid with a flash point below 110°F 4503.3.4 Conveyor systems. Dip tanks utilizing a conveyor (43.3°C),used in such manner that the liquid temperature could system shall be arranged such that the conveyor system will auto- equal or be greater than its flash point from artificial or natural matically stop and required bottom drains will open in the event of causes,and having both a capacity of more than 10 gallons(37.9 a fire. L)and a liquid surface area of more than 4 square feet(0.37 m2). 4503.4 Storage and Handling of Flammable and Combustible 4503.8 Dip Tank Covers. Liquids. The storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. 4503.8.1 General. Dip tanks shall be provided with an automat- ic-closing cover complying with Section 4503.8 unless they are 4503.5 Sources of Ignition. provided with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system as specified in Section 4503.7.2. 4503.5.1 General. Open flames and spark-producing devices shall not be located in vapor areas and shall not be located within 4503.8.2 Actuation. Covers shall be actuated by approved auto- 20 feet(6096 mm)of vapor areas unless separated by a tight parti- matic-closing devices designed to operate in the event of fire and tion. shall also be arranged for manual operation. EXCEPTION: Drying and baking apparatus complying with Sec- 4503.8.3 Construction. Covers shall be of substantial noncom- tion 4502.10.3. bustible material or of tin-clad type with enclosing metal applied 4503.5.2 Hot surfaces. Heated surfaces having a temperature with locked joints. sufficient to ignite vapors shall not be located in vapor areas. 4503.8.4 Cover support and operating mechanisms. Chains 4503.5.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. or wire rope shall be used for cover support or operating mecha- nisms where the burning of a cord would interfere with the action 4503.5.3.1 Vapor areas. Electrical wiring and equipment in va- of a device. por areas shall be of an explosion-proof type approved for use in 4503.8.5 Tanks not in use. Covers shall be kept closed when such hazardous locations. Such areas shall be considered to be tanks are not in use. Class I, Division 1, hazardous locations in accordance with the Electrical Code. 4503.9 Hardening and Tempering Tanks. 4503.5.3.2 Areas subject to deposits of residues. Electrical 4503.9.1 General. Hardening and tempering tanks shall be equipment in the vicinity of dip tanks or associated drain boards or in accordance with Sections 4503.3 through 4503.7 and Sec- drying operations which are subject to splashing or dripping of dip tion 4503.9, but shall be exempt from other provisions of Sec- tank liquids shall be specifically approved for locations contain- tion 4503. ing deposits of readily ignitible residue and explosive vapors. 4503.9.2 Ignition sources and exposures. Tanks shall be lo- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Wiring in rigid conduit,threaded boxes or fit- cated as far as practical from furnaces and shall not be located on tings not containing taps,splices or terminal connections. or near combustible floors. 2. Equipment allowed by Section 4504 relating to electrostatic ap- paratus. 4503.9.3 Venting. Tanks shall be provided with a noncombus- tible hood and vent or other equally effective means venting to the 4503.5.3.3 Areas adjacent to vapor areas. Electrical wiring outside of the building to serve as a vent in case of fire.Such vent and equipment located outside of,but within 20 feet(6096 mm) ducts shall be treated as flues and shall be kept away from combus- of,a vapor area and not separated from the vapor area by tight par- tible roofs and materials. titions,shall be approved for Class I,Division 2,hazardous loca- tions in accordance with the Electrical Code. 4503.9.4 Limit controls. Tanks shall be equipped with a high-temperature limit switch arranged to sound an alarm when 4503.6 Operations and Maintenance. the temperature of the quenching medium reaches 50°F(10°C) 4503.6.1 General. Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be kept below the flash point. as clear of combustible stock as practical and shall be kept entirely 4503.9.5 Fire protection. Hardening and tempering tanks of free of combustible debris. over 500-gallon(1893 L)capacity or 25-square-foot(2.32 m2)liq- 4503.6.2 Waste receptacles. Approved metal waste cans shall uid surface area shall be protected as specified in Sec- be provided for waste and rags used in connection with dipping tion 4503.7.2. operations. Rags and waste impregnated with finishing material 4503.9.6 Use of air pressure. Air under pressure shall not be shall be deposited in such waste cans immediately after use.The used to fill or to agitate oil in tanks. 1-93 4503.10 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4505.6.1 4503.10 Coating Operations. 4. Reduction of clearance below that specified in Sec- tion 4504.2.1. 4503.10.1 General. Flow coat operations shall be in accordance with the requirements for dip tanks,considering the area of sump 4504.3 Guards and Signs. and any areas on which paint flows as the area of a dip tank. 4504.3.1 Barriers. Adequate booths,fencing,railings or guards 4503.10.2 Paint supply. Paint shall be supplied by a direct shall be placed about the equipment such that either by their loca- low-pressure pumping arranged to automatically shut down in tion or character,or both,they ensure that a safe isolation of the case of fire by means of approved heat-actuated devices,or by a process is maintained from plant storage and personnel.Such rail- gravity tank not exceeding 10 gallons(37.9 L)in capacity. ings, fencing and guards shall be of conductive material, ade- quately grounded, and shall be at least 5 feet (1524 mm) from 4503.10.3 Roll coating, spreading and impregnating. The processing equipment. process of roll coating,spreading and impregnating in which fab- 4504.3.2 Signs. Signs designating the process zone as danger- ric, paper or other material is passed directly through a tank or ous with respect to fire and accident hazards shall be posted. trough containing Class I or II liquids,or over the surface of a roll- er that revolves partially submerged in a flammable liquid,shall 4504.4 Maintenance. be in accordance with Section 4503.10.4 and the applicable provi- 4504.4.1 Insulator. Insulators shall be kept clean and dry. sions of Sections 4501,4502 and 4503. 4504.4.2 Drip plates and screens. Drip plates and screens sub- 4503.10.4 Ignition sources. Adequate arrangements shall be ject to paint deposits shall be removable and shall be taken to a safe made to prevent sparks from static electricity by electrically bond- place for cleaning. ing and grounding all metallic rotating and other parts of machin- ery and equipment and by the installation of static collectors or 4504.5 Ventilation. The spraying area shall be adequately ven- maintaining a conductive atmosphere by means such as high rela- tilated so as to ensure a safe condition from a fire and health stand- tive humidity. point. 4504.6 Fire Protection. Areas used for electrostatic spray fin- SECTION 4504—ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS ishing with fixed equipment shall be protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system. 4504.1 Equipment Type and Location. 4504.1.1 General. Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in SECTION 4505—POWDER COATING connection with paint spraying and paint detearing operations 4505.1 General. Operations using finely ground particles of shall be of approved types. protective finishing material applied in dry powder form by fluid- ized bed,electrostatic fluidized bed,powder spray guns or electro- 4504.1.2 Location of equipment. Transformers, power packs, static powder spray guns shall be in accordance with Sec- control apparatus and other electric portions of the equipment, tion 4505. with the exception of high-voltage grids and electrostatic atomiz- Each method requires certain essential protective measures ing heads,the hand gun and their connections,shall be located out- which shall be compatible with the method employed. side of spraying or vapor areas or shall be in accordance with Sections 4502.4 and 4503.5. 4505.2 Location and Construction of Powder Coating Rooms and Booths. Powder coating operations shall be conducted in 4504.1.3 Construction of equipment. Electrodes and electro- completely enclosed rooms constructed of noncombustible mate- static atomizing heads shall be of substantial construction,shall be rials, enclosed powder coating facilities which are adequately rigidly supported in permanent locations and shall be effectively ventilated,or adequately ventilated spray booths meeting the re- insulated from ground. Insulators shall be nonporous and non- quirements of Section 4502.2. combustible. When used,fine wire elements shall be under ten- sion at all times and shall be of unkinked hardened steel or 4505.3 Sources of Ignition. Electrical equipment and other material of comparable strength. sources of ignition shall be in accordance with the Electrical Code. 4504.2 Controls. When parts are heated prior to coating,the temperature of the parts shall not exceed the ignition temperature of the powder to be 4504.2.1 Clear space. A space of at least twice the sparking dis- used. tance shall be maintained between goods being painted or de- Precautions shall be taken to minimize the possibility of igni- teared and electrodes, electrostatic atomizing heads or tion by static electrical sparks through static grounding, where conductors.A suitable sign stating the sparking distance shall be possible, of powder transport, application and recovery equip- conspicuously posted near the assembly. ment. 4504.2.2 Emergency shut down. Electrostatic apparatus shall 4505.4 Ventilation. Exhaust ventilation shall be sufficient to be equipped with automatic controls which will operate without maintain the atmosphere below the lowest explosive limits for the time delay to disconnect the power supply to the high-voltage material being applied. Nondeposited, air-suspended powders transformer and to signal the operator under any of the following shall be safely removed through exhaust ducts to the powder re- conditions: covery cyclone or receptacle. 1. Stopped ventilating fans or failure of ventilating equipment 4505.5 Drying, Curing and Fusion Equipment. Drying, cur- from any cause, ing and fusion equipment shall be in accordance with Article 62. 2. Stopped conveyor carrying goods past the high-voltage grid, 4505.6 Operation and Maintenance. 3. Occurrence of a ground or of an imminent ground at any 4505.6.1 Dust accumulation. Areas including but not limited to point on the high-voltage system,or horizontal surfaces,such as ledges,beams, pipes,hoods,booths 1-94 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4505.6.1 4506.7 and floors,shall be kept free of accumulations of powder coating 1. Electrical and pneumatic energy supplies to conveyor,venti- dusts. lation, application, transfer and powder collection equipment 4505.6.2 Cleaning methods. Surfaces shall be cleaned in a shall be disconnected, manner which avoids scattering dust to other places or creating 2. Dampers in associated ductwork shall close to interrupt air- dust clouds.Equipment shall be approved for use in hazardous lo- flows from the application equipment to the powder collectors, cations. and 4505.6.3 Spark-producing metals. Care shall be exercised to 3. An alarm which is audible throughout the powder coating prevent iron or spark-producing metals from being introduced room or booth shall activate. into the powders being applied.Acceptable methods include mag- netic and filter-type separators. SECTION 4506—ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND 4505.6.4 Smoking. NO SMOKING signs in accordance with DUAL-COMPONENT COATINGS Section 1109.4 shall be conspicuously posted at powder coating 4506.1 General. areas and powder storage rooms. 4506.1.1 Contamination prevention. Extreme care should be 4505.7 Fixed Electrostatic Spraying Equipment. In addition exercised at all times to prevent the contamination of organic per- to Section 4505, Section 4504 shall apply to fixed electrostatic oxide initiators with foreign substances. See also Sec- equipment. tion 4506.1.4. 4505.8 Electrostatic Fluidized Beds. 4506.1.2 Equipment. Spray guns and related handling equip- ment used with organic peroxides shall be specifically manufac- 4505.8.1 General. Electrostatic fluidized beds and associated tured for such use. equipment shall be of approved types.The maximum surface tem- perature of such equipment in the coating area shall not exceed 4506.1.3 Pressure tanks. Separate pressure vessels and inserts 150°F(65.6°C).High voltage circuits shall not produce sparks of specific for the application shall be used for the resin and for the sufficient intensity to ignite powder-air mixtures or result in a organic peroxide,and they shall not be interchanged.Organic per- shock hazard upon coming in contact with a grounded object un- oxide pressure tank inserts shall be constructed of stainless steel or der normal operating conditions. polyethylene. 4505.8.2 Location of equipment. Transformers, power packs, 4506.1.4 Residue control. Care shall be exercised to prevent control apparatus and other electrical portions of equipment,with contamination of materials by dusts and overspray residues result- the exception of the charging electrodes and their connections to ing from the sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing the power supply,shall be located outside of powder coating areas organic peroxides. or shall be in accordance with Section 4505. 4506.1.5 Spilled material. Spilled peroxides shall be promptly 4505.8.3 Grounding. Electrically conductive objects within the removed so there are no residues.Spilled material absorbed by us- charging influence of the electrodes shall be adequately grounded. ing a noncombustible absorbent shall be promptly disposed of in The powder coating equipment shall carry a prominent, perma- nently installed warning regarding the necessity for grounding 4506.2 Use of Organic Peroxide Coatings. Spraying opera- these objects. tions involving the use of organic peroxides and other dual-com- Objects being coated shall be maintained in contact with the ponent coatings shall be conducted in approved sprinklered spray conveyor or other support in order to ensure proper grounding. booths meeting the requirements of Section 4502. Hangers shall be regularly cleaned to ensure effective contact,and 4506.3 Storage. The storage of organic peroxides shall be in areas of contact shall be sharp points or knife edges where possi- accordance with Article 80. ble. 4506.4 Handling. To avoid decomposition and violent reaction 4505.8.4 Ventilation interlock. Electrical equipment shall be hazards,care shall be exercised in handling organic peroxides to interlocked with the ventilation system such that the equipment avoid shock and friction. cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation. 4506.5 Mixing. To avoid violent decomposition and explosion 4505.9 Fire Protection. hazards,organic peroxides shall not be mixed directly with accel- 4505.9.1 General. Areas used for powder coating shall be pro- erators or promoters. tected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system. 4506.6 Sources of Ignition. Smoking shall be prohibited and 4505.9.2 Additional protection for fixed systems. Fixed pow- NO SMOKING signs shall be prominently displayed.See Section 1109.4. Only nonsparking tools shall be used in areas where or- der application equipment shall be protected by the installation of approved flame-detection devices designed to react to the pres- ence of flame within one-half second.Upon detection of a fire by a 4506.7 Personnel Qualifications. Personnel working with or- flame-detection device, automatic controls shall initiate the fol- ganic peroxides and dual-component coatings shall be specifical- lowing: ly trained to work with these materials. 1-95 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4601 4607 ARTICLE 46- FRUIT-RIPENING PROCESSES SECTION 4601 —SCOPE proved electric,gas or kerosene heaters.Combustion type heaters Fruit-ripening processes in heated rooms and ripening processes shall have sealed combustion chambers. where ethylene gas is introduced into a room to assist the ripening 4605.2 Clearance. Steam and hot-water pipes and radiators process shall be in accordance with Article 46. shall have a clearance of at least 1 inch(25.4 mm)to combustible Cylinders of compressed gases shall be stored in accordance material. with Articles 74 and 80. Gas heaters and their vents shall be installed in accordance with the Mechanical Code.Gas heaters shall be equipped with an auto- SECTION 4602—PERMITS matic pilot device to shut off the gas supply when the flame is ex- For a permit for a fruit-ripening process, see Section 105, tinguished. Permit f.4. 4605.3 Combustion Air. Combustion air for burners in gas and kerosene heaters shall be taken from outside the ripening room. SECTION 4603—USE OF ETHYLENE Products of combustion shall be discharged to the outside. 4603.1 General. The location of buildings in which fruit-ripen- 4605.4 Installation. Fuel-fired heaters shall be installed in ac- ing processes utilizing ethylene are conducted shall be approved. cordance with the Mechanical Code. 4603.2 Concentration Controls. Ethylene shall be introduced 4605.5 Electric Heaters. Electric heaters shall be of a type by a means under positive control and measured so that the quanti- which does not have exposed surfaces with temperatures higher ty introduced does not exceed one part ethylene to 1,000 parts of than 800°F (426.7°C). Thermostatic elements in such heaters air. shall not produce sparks and shall be of a type approved for use in 4603.3 Container Construction. Containers storing ethylene hazardous locations. shall be in accordance with Section 7401.4. 4605.6 Guards. Protective guards shall be provided around 4603.4 Piping. Piping containing ethylene shall be constructed heaters to prevent heaters from being knocked over by other of iron. Flexible connectors and hose,when used, shall be of an equipment such as vehicles or lift trucks. approved type. Tubing shall be of brass or copper with not less than 0.049-inch(1.2 mm)wall thickness. SECTION 4606—SOURCES OF IGNITION SECTION 4604—ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND 4606.1 Open Flames and Lights. Open-flame heaters and open ILLUMINATION lights shall not be located in ripening rooms. 4604.1 Electrical Equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment 4606.2 Smoking. NO SMOKING signs shall be posted at every shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. entrance,and smoking shall be prohibited in ripening rooms.See 4604.2 Illumination. Sources other than electrical lighting shall Section 1109.4. not be used for supplemental illumination. SECTION 4605—HEATING SECTION 4607—HOUSEKEEPING 4605.1 General. Heating of ripening rooms shall be by indirect Ripening rooms shall be frequently cleared of combustible mate- means with low-pressure steam; hot water or warm air; or ap- rials. 1-97 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4701 4711 ARTICLE 47- FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING SECTION 4701 —SCOPE SECTION 4706—WATCH DURING FUMIGATION Fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging operations shall be Where a flammable gas or substance generating a flammable gas in accordance with Article 47. is used for fumigation,the employer shall provide 24-hour super- vision from the time the premises have been fumigated until venti- SECTION 4702—PERMITS lation work has been completed. EXCEPTION: Approved gas-tight vaults and tanks. For a permit to engage in the business of fumigation or thermal in- secticidal fogging or to maintain a fumigation room, vault or chamber in which a toxic or flammable fumigant is used,see Sec- SECTION 4707—SEALING OF BUILDINGS tion 105,Permit f.5. Paper and other similar materials which are not flame resistant shall not be used to wrap or cover a building in excess of that re- SECTION 4703—SOURCES OF IGNITION quired for the sealing of cracks,casements and similar openings. 4703.1 General. Fires,open flames and similar sources of igni- EXCEPTION: Approved tarps. tion shall be eliminated from spaces under fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging.Heating,if needed,shall be of an approved SECTION 4708—WARNING SIGNS type. Where fumigants are used or stored, conspicuous warning signs 4703.2 Electrical Equipment. If the fumigant used has a flam- bearing the "skull and crossbones" emblem with the warning mability rating of 2 or higher as set forth in Table 4703-A,the elec- DANGER! POISON GAS! KEEP OUT! and designating the tric service shall be disconnected outside of the premises. If the name of the fumigant and the fumigator's name,address and tele- fumigant has a flammability rating of less than 2,electric service phone number shall be posted in a manner which provides ade- need not be disconnected. quate warning. When fumigants having a flammability rating of 2 or higher are used,temporary remote control power leads with control switches SECTION 4709—VENTING AND CLEANUP located outside the fumigated space are allowed for powering fu- migant-circulating fans in the fumigated space.Such fans shall be At the end of the exposure period, fumigators shall safely and approved for the intended use. properly ventilate the premises and contents;properly dispose of fumigant containers,residues,debris and other materials used for SECTION 4704—NOTIFICATION OF FUMIGATION such fumigation;and clear obstructions from gas-fired appliance vents. The chief shall be notified in writing at least 24 hours before any building,structure or ship is to be closed in connection with the use of toxic or flammable fumigants. SECTION 4710—THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING EXCEPTION: In warehouses or other structures used for the stor- LIQUIDS age of produce,tarp-enclosed fumigation of not more than 5 percent of Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids having a flash point below the total volume of the warehouse is allowed without notification when 100°F(37.8°C)shall not be used. the fumigation is conducted by a licensed fumigator. SECTION 4705—BREATHING APPARATUS SECTION 4711 —CARBON DISULFIDE AND HYDROGEN CYANIDE Persons engaged in the business of fumigation or thermal insecti- cidal fogging shall maintain and have available approved protec- The use of carbon disulfide(CSZ)and hydrogen cyanide(HCN) tive breathing apparatus. shall be restricted to agricultural fumigation. 1-99 TABLE 4703-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 4703-A—CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED FUMIGANTS BOILING DEGREE OF CHEMICAL POINT(°F) WATER FL MM A LE HAZARDS2 CHEMICAL NAME FORMULA -32 x 5/9 for°C SOLUBLE1 (%VOL.IN AIR) H F R REMARKS Acrylonitrile3 CH2CHCN 171 No 3-17 4 3 2 May polymerize violently on contact with alkali unless inhibited.Decomposes and releases hydrogen cyanide at high temperatures or in contact with acids. Aluminum Phosphide A1P See Phosphine Not flammable in dry state but reacts with (formulated) moisture to produce phosphine gas. Benzene3 C61­16 176 No 1.3-7.1 2 3 0 Can be absorbed through skin. Calcium Cyanide Ca(CN)2 See Hydrogen Cyanide Reacts slowly with moisture to release hydrogen cyanide. Carbon Disulfide3 CS2 115 No 1.3-44 2 3 0 Low ignition temperature-212°F(100°C). Carbon Tetrachloride3 C C14 170 No None 2 0 0 Decomposes at elevated temperatures to form phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Chloroform3 CH CI3 142 No None 2 0 0 Decomposes at elevated temperatures to form phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Chloropicrin CC13 NO2 233.6 No None 4 0 1 Causes severe eye irritation(tear gas).May decompose violently when heated above 390°F (199°C). Ethylene Dibromide CHZBr CHZBr 268.7 No None 3 0 0 Ethylene Dichloride3 CH2CI CH2CI 183 No 6.2-16 2 3 0 Decomposes at elevated temperatures to give off phosgene. Ethylene Oxide3 CH2OCH2 51 Yes 3-100 2 4 3 May polymerize violently in contact with highly reactive catalytic surfaces.Cannot depend upon odor for warning. Hydrogen Cyanide HCN 79 Yes 6-41 4 4 2 Almond-like odor,but do not depend upon odor for warning.May polymerize violently when unstabilized.Can be absorbed through skin. Methyl Bromide CH3Br 40 No 10-16 3 1 0 Phosphine PH3 -125 No 1.79 3 4 1 Decomposes when heated to give phosphorus oxides.Low ignition temperature 212 to 302°F (100 to 150°C).Explosive under vacuum fumigation conditions. Propylene Oxide3 CH2CHOCH3 95 Yes 2.1-21.5 2 4 2 Cannot depend upon odor for warning. Sulfur Dioxide3 S02 14 Slightly None 3 0 0 Vapors are corrosive to some metals. Sulfuryl fluoride S02F2 -67 No None 2 0 0 Cannot depend upon odor for warning. From standpoint of use of water for extinguishment by dilution. 2H=Health,F=Flammability,R=Reactivity.If the fumigant is a mixture of compounds,use numbers corresponding to the properties of the mixture.See UFC Stand- ard 79-3. 3Seldom used singly as fumigant,but used as components of mixtures. 1-100 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4801 4810.1 ARTICLE 48- MAGNESIUM SECTION 4801 —SCOPE in the direction of air flow and without unused capped side outlets, pockets or other dead-end spaces which might allow an accumula- Storage, handling and processing of magnesium, including the tion of dust. pure metal and alloys of which the major part is magnesium,shall be in accordance with Article 48. 4807.1.3 Independent dust separators. Each machine shall be equipped with an individual dust-separating unit. SECTION 4802—PERMITS EXCEPTIONS: 1. One separator is allowed to serve two dust- producing units on multi-unit machines. For a permit for the melting,casting,heat treating,machining or 2. One separator is allowed to serve not more than four portable grinding of magnesium,see Section 105,Permit m.l. dust-producing units in a single enclosure or stand. 4807.2 Power Supply Interlock. Power supply to machines shall be interlocked with exhaust air flow,and liquid pressure lev- SECTION 4803—STORAGE OF PIGS, INGOTS AND el or flow.Interlocks shall provide for improper functioning of the BILLETS dust removal and separator system to shut down the machine it 4803.1 Outdoor Storage. Outdoor storage of magnesium pigs, serves. ingots and billets shall be in piles not exceeding 1,000,000 pounds 4807.3 Electrical Equipment. Electric wiring, fixtures and (453 592.3 kg)each,separated by aisles not less in width than one equipment in the immediate vicinity of and attached to dust-pro- half the pile height,and separated from combustible materials or ducing machines,including those used in connection with separa- buildings on the same or adjoining property by a distance of not for equipment,shall be of approved types and shall be approved less than the height of the nearest pile. for use in Class II,Division 1 hazardous locations in accordance 4803.2 Indoor Storage. Indoor storage of pigs,ingots and bil- with the Electrical Code. lets shall be on floors of noncombustible construction,in piles not 4807.4 Grounding. Equipment shall be securely grounded by larger than 500,000 pounds(226 796.2 kg)each,and separated by permanent ground wires in accordance with the Electrical Code. aisles not less in width than one half the pile height. SECTION 4808—FIRE-EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS SECTION 4804—MELTING POTS A supply of approved extinguishing materials in a substantial con- Floors under and around melting pots shall be of noncombustible tainer with a hand scoop or shovel for applying material on mag- construction. nesium fires or an approved extinguisher unit designed for use with such material shall be kept within easy reach of every opera- tor performing a machining,grinding or other processing opera- SECTION 4805—STORAGE OF MAGNESIUM tion on magnesium. ARTICLES IN FOUNDRIES AND PROCESSING PLANTS SECTION 4809—STORAGE OF MAGNESIUM The size of storage piles of magnesium articles in foundries and ARTICLES processing plants shall not exceed 1,250 cubic feet (35.4 m3). Storage piles shall be separated by aisles not less in width than one 4809.1 General. Magnesium storage in quantity greater than half the pile height. 50 cubic feet (1.4 m3) shall be separated from storage of other materials that are either combustible or in combustible containers by aisles equal in width to not less than the height of the magne- SECTION 4806—HEAT-TREATING OVENS sium piles. Approved means shall be provided for control of magnesium fires 4809.2 Storage of Greater than 1,000 Cubic Feet (28.3 in heat-treating ovens. m3). Magnesium storage in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m)shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3)with aisles between equal in width to SECTION 4807—MAGNESIUM PROCESSING not less than the pile height.Such storage shall not be located in OPERATIONS unsprinklered combustible buildings. 4807.1 Dust Collection. 4809.3 Storage in Combustible Containers or within 30 Feet (9144 mm)of Other Combustibles. Magnesium stored in com- 4807.1.1 General. Magnesium grinding, buffing and wire bustible containers or within 30 feet(9144 mm)of other combus- brushing operations,other than rough finishing of castings,shall tibles shall not be stored in unsprinklered combustible buildings. be provided with suitable hoods or enclosures for dust collection which are connected to a liquid precipitation type of separator that converts dust to sludge without contact in a dry state with any SECTION 4810—FINE MAGNESIUM SCRAP high-speed moving parts. 4810.1 Collection. Chips, turnings and other fine magnesium 4807.1.2 Duct construction. Connecting ducts or suction tubes scrap shall be collected from the pans or spaces under machines shall be completely grounded, as short as possible, and without and from other places where they collect at least once each work- unnecessary bends. Ducts shall be carefully fabricated and as- ing day. Such material shall be placed in a covered,vented steel sembled,with a smooth interior,with internal lap joints pointing container and removed to a safe location. 1-101 4810.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4810.2.3 4810.2 Storage. 50 feet(15 240 mm)or by an area separation wall constructed in 4810.2.1 General. Magnesium fines shall be kept separate from accordance with the Building Code. other combustible materials. 4810.2.3 Storage of greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28.3 4810.2.2 Storage of 50 to 1,000 cubic feet (1.4 m3 to 28.3 m3). Storage of fine ma nesium scrap in quantities greater than m3). Storage of fine magnesium scrap in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m ) shall be separated from all buildings 50 cubic feet(1.4 m3)[six 55-gallon(208 L)steel drums]shall be other than those used for magnesium scrap recovery operations by separated from other occupancies by an open space of at least a distance of not less than 100 feet(30 480 mm). 1-102 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4901 4901.7.1.2 ARTICLE 49-HOT WORK SECTION 4901 —GENERAL 4901.5.3 Combustibles. Hot-work areas shall not contain com- bustibles or shall be provided with appropriate shielding to pre- 4901.1 Scope. The use of welding, cutting and other hot-work vent sparks,slag or heat from igniting exposed combustibles. equipment shall be in accordance with Article 49. 4901.5.4 Openings. Openings or cracks in walls,floors,ducts or EXCEPTION:Hot work under special permit,hot work allowed shafts within the hot-work area shall be tightly covered to prevent with alternate requirements in conjunction with ship construction or repair,or hot work in confined spaces need not comply with Article 49. the passage of sparks to adjacent combustible areas,or shielding For construction,alteration and work requirements at terminals by metal or fire-resistant guards or curtains shall be provided to and refineries,and tank construction or repair,see Section 7904.7. prevent passage of sparks or slag. Where hot work is performed above locations where persons Storage, use and handling of hazardous materials associated are likely to pass,noncombustible shields shall be used for protec- with hot work shall be in accordance with the specific articles tion from sparks and hot metal or oxide. which regulate the materials. Compressed gases shall be in accordance with Article 74. 4901.5.5 Housekeeping. Floors shall be kept clean within the hot-work area. Storage of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with 4901.5.6 Conveyor systems. Conveyor systems that could Article 80. carry sparks to distant combustibles shall be shielded or shut 4901.2 Definitions. down. 4901.2.1 General. For definitions,see Article 2. 4901.6 Pre-hot-work Check. 4901.2.2 Limited application. For the purposes of Article 49, 4901.6.1 General. A pre-hot-work check shall be conducted in certain terms are defined as follows: accordance with Section 4901.6. HOT WORK is operations including cutting,welding,use of 4901.6.2 Hot-work equipment inspection. Hot-work equip- open torch,brazing,glass blowing or similar operations. ment shall be inspected by the operator prior to use. HOT-WORK AREA is the area which is exposed to sparks, 4901.6.3 Hot-work site inspection. The hot-work site shall be hot slag,or radiant or convective heat as a result of the hot work. inspected by the individual responsible for the hot work for com- pliance with Section 4901.5.The inspection of the hot-work site HOT-WORK EQUIPMENT is electric or gas welding or cut- shall ensure that: ting equipment used for hot work. 1. The hot-work site is clear of combustibles or that combus- 4901.3 Permits. For permits to conduct hot work, see Section tibles are protected; 105.8,Permit h.3. 2.Exposed construction is of noncombustible materials or that 4901.4 Fire Watch. combustible materials are protected; 3.Openings are protected; 4901.4.1 General. A fire watch, in accordance with Section 4.Floors are kept clean; 4901.4,shall be provided during hot-work activities and shall con- tinue for a minimum of 30 minutes after the conclusion of the 5. There are no exposed combustibles on the opposite side of work.The chief is authorized to extend the fire watch based on the partitions,walls,ceilings and floors; hazards or work being performed. 6.Fire watches are assigned,equipped and trained; and EXCEPTION:A fire watch is not required when the hot-work area 7.Fire extinguishers shall be verified as operable and available. has no fire hazards or combustible exposures. 4901.4.2 Location. The fire watch shall include the entire hot- 4901.6.4 Report. A sign-off sheet that indicates that required work area.Hot work conducted in areas with vertical or horizontal safety precautions listed in Section 4901.6 have been accom- fire exposures that are not observable by a single individual shall plished shall be available at the work site. The sheet shall be have additional personnel assigned to fire watches to ensure that signed by the individual responsible for the hot work. exposed areas are monitored. 4901.7 Cylinders. 4901.4.3 Duties. Individuals designated to fire watch duty shall 4901.7.1 Manifolding of cylinders. have fire-extinguishing equipment readily available and shall be trained in the use of such equipment.Individuals assigned to fire 4901.7.1.1 Oxygen manifolds. Oxygen manifolds shall not be watch duty shall be responsible for extinguishing spot fires and located in an acetylene generator room or in close proximity to communicating an alarm. cylinders of combustible gases. Oxygen manifolds shall be located away from material such as oil,grease or any substance 4901.5 Hot-work Area. likely to cause or accelerate fire. 4901.5.1 General. Hot-work areas shall be in accordance with 4901.7.1.2 Fuel-gas manifolds. Where it is necessary to man- Section 4901.5. ifold fuel-gas cylinders having an aggregate gas capacity in excess of the exempt amounts in Table 8001.15-A, cylinders and man- 4901.5.2 Prohibited areas. Hot work shall not be conducted in ifolds shall be located outside or in a room or a building complying rooms or areas where flammable liquids or vapors,lint,dust,or with the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy. combustible storage is at risk of ignition from sparks or hot metal Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Sec- from the hot work or in other locations as determined by the chief. tion 8003.1.4. 1-103 4901.7.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4902.3 4901.7.2 Location. Portable oxygen/fuel gas welding equip- 4901.9 Fire Protection. A minimum 2-A, 20-B:C-rated fire ment located inside of buildings shall be stored in a well-venti- extinguisher or a charged water hose equipped with a nozzle shall lated dry location at least 20 feet (6096 mm) from combustible be located within 30 feet (9144 mm) of the location where hot material and away from elevators, stairs,gangways or means of work is in progress and shall be accessible without climbing stairs egress. or ladders. 4901.7.3 Maximum pressure. Acetylene shall not be utilized at 4901.10 Identification Signs. Visible hazard identification a pressure in excess of 15 psi gage(103.4 kPa). signs shall be provided when required by Section 8001.7. 4901.7.4 Hydrocarbon residues. Cylinders, cylinder valves, When the hot-work area is accessible to persons other than the couplings, regulator hose and apparatus shall be kept free from operator of the hot-work equipment, conspicuous signs shall be grease, oil or other hydrocarbon residues. Oxygen cylinders or posted to warn others before they enter the hot-work area. Such apparatus shall not be handled with oily hands or gloves. signs shall display the following warning: 4901.7.5 Hoses. Damaged, leaking or worn hoses shall not be CAUTION—HOT WORK IN PROCESS—STAY CLEAR used. 4901.8 Arc-welding Equipment. 4901.8.1 Installation. Electrical equipment shall be in accord- SECTION 4902—FIXED HOT-WORK AREAS ance with the manufacturer's recommendations and the Electrical 4902.1 Fixed Hot-work Areas. Fixed hot-work areas shall be in Code. accordance with Sections 4901 and 4902. 4901.8.2 Emergency disconnect. A switch or circuit breaker shall be provided so that fixed electric welders and control equip- 4902.2 Floors. Floors in fixed hot-work areas shall have non- ment can be disconnected from the supply circuit.The disconnect combustible surfaces. shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.The dis- 4902.3 Partitions. Partitions segregating hot-work areas shall connect shall be marked EMERGENCY DISCONNECT and shall be visible from the equipment. be noncombustible and shall be securely connected to the floor so that there is no gap between the floor and the partition.Walls shall 4901.8.3 Damaged cable. Damaged cables shall be removed prevent the passage of sparks, slag and heat from the hot-work from service until properly repaired or replaced. area. 1-104 1998 CAWF,.ORNIA FIRE,CODE 5001 5007.2 A. RTICLEZO—,MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS.' .; SECTION 5001 —SCOPE Loading and unloading structures and platforms for flammable Processes manufacturingprotective and decorative finishes or and combustible liquids shall be designed and installed in accord- ance with Section 7904.5. coating for industrial,automotive,marine,transportation,institu- tional, household or other purposes, including the handling of Tank cars for Class I or II liquids shall be unloaded in a manner flammable or combustible liquids,combustible solids and dusts, which is reasonably safe to persons and property. shall be in accordance with Article 50. Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids shall be EXCEPTION: Processes manufacturing nonflammable or wa- loaded and unloaded in accordance with Section 7904.5. ter-thinned coatings and operations applying coating materials. 5005.4 Storage of Finished Products. Finished products that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored outside of SECTION 5002—DEFINITIONS buildings,in a separate building,or in a room separated from the For definition of ORGANIC COATING,see Article 2. processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with the Building Code. The storage of finished products shall be in tanks or in closed containers in accordance SECTION 5003—PERMITS with Article 79. For permits for organic coating manufacturing operations, see 5005.5 Nitrocellulose Storage. Section 105,Permit o.2. 5005.5.1 Location. The nitrocellulose storage area shall be in a separate.building or in a room which is separated from the SECTION 5004—PROCESS BUILDINGS processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Nitrocellulose storage 5004A General. Manufacturing of organic coatings shall be areas shall not be used for other purposes. Electrical wiring and performed only in buildings meeting the requirements of a Group equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical H Occupancy as specified in the Building Code. Such buildings Code. shall not have pits or basements and shall be provided with ap- 5005.5.2 Containers. Nitrocellulose shall be stored in closed proved explosion control.See the Building Code. containers.Barrels shall be stored on end and,if tiered,not more 5004.2 Location. Organic coating manufacturing operations than two high.Barrels and other containers of nitrocellulose shall and operations incidental to or connected with organic coating not be opened in the main storage building. Barrels and other manufacturing shall not be located in buildings having other occu- containers shall be opened at the point of use or another location pancies. set aside for this purpose. 5004.3 Firefighting Access. Organic coating manufacturing 5005.5.3 Spills. Spilled nitrocellulose shall be promptly wetted operations shall be accessible from at least one side for the pur- with water and disposed of by use or by burning in the open at a pose of fire control. suitable detached location. I5004.4 Ventilation. Process buildings in which Class I liquids 5005.6 Organic Peroxides. The storage of organic peroxides are processed or handled shall be provided with ventilation in shall be in accordance with Article 80. accordance with Section 7903.2.3.4.2. The size of packages containing organic peroxides shall be se- 5004.5 Heating. When provided, heating in hazardous areas lected so that,as nearly as practical,full packages are utilized at shall be provided by indirect means.Ignition sources such as open one time.Spilled peroxide shall be promptly cleaned up and dis- posed flames and electrical heating elements shall not be used within of as recommended by the supplier. process buildings unless in accordance with Section 5011. SECTION 5006—SPILL CONTROL AND SECONDARY SECTION 5005—STORAGE OF RAW MATERIALS CONTAINMENT AND FINISHED PRODUCTS Buildings,rooms and areas shall be provided with a means to con- 5005.1 General. The storage, use and handling of flammable trol spills and to contain or drain spills and fire protection water in and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. accordance with Section 7901.8. 5005.2 Tanks in Buildings. Tank storage for flammable and SECTION 5007—PROCESS MILLS, MIXERS AND combustible liquids inside of buildings shall be in storage areas at KETTLES or above grade which are separated from the processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with 5007.1 Mill Location. Mills operating with close clearances the Building Code. and used for the processing of flammable and heat-sensitive EXCEPTION: Quantities in processing equipment essential to the materials, such as nitrocellulose, shall be located in a detached continuity of operations. building or in a noncombustible structure without other 5005.3 Tank Car and Tank Vehicle Loading and Unloading occupancies. The amount of nitrocellulose or other flammable material brought into the area shall not be more than that required Facilities. Tank car and tank vehicle loading and unloading for a batch. stations for Class I liquids shall be separated from processing areas,other plant buildings,property lines to property that could 5007.2 Mixers. Mixers shall be of an enclosed type or an open be built upon,or public thoroughfares by a clear space of not less type provided with properly fitted covers.Where gravity flow is than 25 feet(7620 mm). used,a shutoff valve shall be installed as close as practical to the '1-.105 5007.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5012.4 mixer,and a control valve shall be provided near the end of the fill 5009.4 Storage of Containers. Empty and filled containers pipe. shall be stored outside the filling area. 5007.3 Kettles. SECTION 5010—RAW MATERIALS IN PROCESS 5007.3.1 Location. Open-fire kettles shall be located in an AREAS outside area, provided with a protective roof or in a separate building of noncombustible construction or separated from other 5010.1 Nitrocellulose. The amount of nitrocellulose brought areas by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in into process areas shall not exceed that required for a shift.Spilled accordance with the Building Code. nitrocellulose shall be promptly swept up,put into a pail of water, removed at the end of the day or shift,and disposed of by use or by 5007.3.2 Vaporizer location. The vaporizer section of heat- burning in the open at a suitable detached location. transfer systems heating closed kettles containing solvents shall be remotely located. 5010.2 Organic Peroxides. Organic peroxides brought into process areas shall be in the original shipping container and shall 5007.3.3 Safety features. Contact-heated kettles containing not exceed the quantity required for a shift.When in the process solvents shall be equipped with safety devices that turn the process area, peroxide shall not be placed in areas exposed to ignition heat off,turn the cooling medium on and inject inert gas into the sources,heat or mechanical shocks. kettle in the event of fire. Kettles and thin-down tanks shall be instrumented,controlled SECTION 5011 —ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT and interlocked so that any failure of the controls will result in a safe condition.The kettle shall be provided with a pressure rupture 5011.1 General. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply disc in case the normal vent becomes inoperative.The vent piping with the Electrical Code. from the rupture disc shall be of a minimum length and shall dis- 5011.2 Class I,Division 1 Areas. Where Class I liquids are ex- charge to a safe location. Thin-down tanks shall be adequately posed to the air,the design of equipment and ventilation of build- vented. Thinning operations shall be provided with an adequate ings shall limit the Class I,Division 1 locations to pits,the interior vapor-removal system. of equipment and the immediate vicinity of pumps or equipment locations such as dispensing stations,open centrifuges,plate and SECTION 5008—PROCESS PIPING frame filters,opened vacuum filters,change cans and the surfaces of open equipment.The immediate vicinity shall include a zone 5008.1 General. Piping,valves and fittings shall be designed for extending from the vapor liberation point 20 feet(6096 mm)hori= the working pressures and structural stresses to which they could zontally in all directions and vertically from the floor to a level be subjected. Piping, valves and fittings shall be constructed of 6 feet(1829 mm)above the highest point of vapor liberation. steel or other material approved for the intended service. 5011.3 Class I,Division 2 Areas. Locations not covered by Sec- 5008.2 Valves. Valves shall be of an indicating type. Terminal tion 5011.2 where Class I liquids are handled shall be Class I, valves on remote pumping systems shall be of the "dead-man" Division 2.If the flash point of the liquid processed is higher than type which will shut off both the pump and the flow of solvent. ambient temperature and at least 100°F (37.8°C), ordinary electrical equipment is allowed. Care shall be used in locating 5008.3 Flexible Connectors and Hoses. Approved flexible electrical apparatus to prevent hot metal from falling into open connectors are allowed where vibration exists or where frequent processing equipment. movement is necessary.Approved hose shall be used at dispens- ing stations. 5011.4 Other Areas. Ordinary electrical equipment, including switch gear, is allowed in rooms which are maintained under 5008.4 Installation. Piping systems shall be substantially sup- positive pressure with respect to hazardous areas. Air and other ported and protected against physical damage. Piping shall be mediums for pressurization shall be taken from locations where pitched to avoid unintentional trapping of liquids or suitable entrainment of flammable vapor is improbable. drains shall be provided. 5008.5 Testing. Before being placed in service,piping shall be SECTION 5012—PROTECTION FROM STATIC free of leaks when tested to not less than one and one-half times the ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING working pressure,and not less than 5 psig(34.5 kPa)at the highest 5012.1 Fixed Equipment. Equipment, such as tanks, machin- point in the system.Tests shall continue for a minimum of 30 min- ery and piping,where an ignitable mixture could be present,shall utes. be bonded and connected to ground.The bond or ground or both shall be physically applied or shall be inherently present by the na- SECTION 5009—TRANSFER OF FLAMMABLE AND ture of installation.This electrically conductive path shall have a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN PROCESS AREAS resistance of not more than 1 million ohms. 5009.1 General. The transfer of large quantities of flammable Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or equipment and combustible liquids shall be through piping by means of shall be bonded to the other portions of the system or grounded. pumps.Compressed air shall not be used as a transfer medium. 5012.2 Tank Vehicles. Tank vehicles loaded or unloaded 5009.2 Pumps. Pumps shall be selected for the flammable and through open connections shall be grounded and bonded to the re- combustible liquid, working pressures and structural stresses to ceiving system. which they could be subjected. 5012.3 Portable Containers. When a flammable mixture is 5009.3 Emergency Controls. Where solvents are pumped from transferred from one portable container to another,a bond shall be storage to points of use,approved switches shall be provided in the Provided between the two containers. processing areas and at the pumps to shut down the pumps in case 5012.4 Buildings. Steel framing of buildings shall be grounded of fire. with resistance of not more than 5 ohms. 1-106 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5001 5007.2 ARTICLE 50- MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS SECTION 5001 —SCOPE Loading and unloading structures and platforms for flammable Processes manufacturing protective and decorative finishes or and combustible liquids shall be designed and installed in accord- ance with Section 7904.5. coating for industrial,automotive,marine,transportation,institu- tional, household or other purposes, including the handling of Tank cars for Class I or II liquids shall be unloaded in a manner flammable or combustible liquids,combustible solids and dusts, which is reasonably safe to persons and property. shall be in accordance with Article 50. Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids shall be EXCEPTION: Processes manufacturing nonflammable or wa- loaded and unloaded in accordance with Section 7904.5. ter-thinned coatings and operations applying coating materials. 5005.4 Storage of Finished Products. Finished products that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored outside of SECTION 5002—DEFINITIONS buildings,in a separate building,or in a room separated from the For definition of ORGANIC COATING,see Article 2. processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with the Building Code. The storage of finished products shall be in tanks or in closed containers in accordance SECTION 5003—PERMITS with Article 79. For permits for organic coating manufacturing operations, see 5005.5 Nitrocellulose Storage. Section 105,Permit o.2. 5005.5.1 Location. The nitrocellulose storage area shall be in a separate building or in a room which is separated from the SECTION 5004—PROCESS BUILDINGS processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Nitrocellulose storage 5004.1 General. Manufacturing of organic coatings shall be areas shall not be used for other purposes.Electrical wiring and performed only in buildings meeting the requirements of a Group equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical H Occupancy as specified in the Building Code. Such buildings Code. shall not have pits or basements and shall be provided with ap- 5005.5.2 Containers. Nitrocellulose shall be stored in closed proved explosion control. See the Building Code. containers.Barrels shall be stored on end and,if tiered,not more 5004.2 Location. Organic coating manufacturing operations than two high.Barrels and other containers of nitrocellulose shall and operations incidental to or connected with organic coating not be opened in the main storage building. Barrels and other manufacturing shall not be located in buildings having other occu- containers shall be opened at the point of use or another location pancies. set aside for this purpose. 5004.3 Firefighting Access. Organic coating manufacturing 5005.5.3 Spills. Spilled nitrocellulose shall be promptly wetted operations shall be accessible from at least one side for the pur- with water and disposed of by use or by burning in the open at a pose of fire control. suitable detached location. 5004.4 Ventilation. Process buildings in which Class I liquids 5005.6 Organic Peroxides. The storage of organic peroxides are processed or handled shall be provided with ventilation in shall be in accordance with Article 80. accordance with Section 7903.2.3.4.2. The size of packages containing organic peroxides shall be se- 5004.5 Heating. When provided, heating in hazardous areas lected so that,as nearly as practical,full packages are utilized at shall be provided by indirect means.Ignition sources such as open one time.Spilled peroxide shall be promptly cleaned up and dis- flames and electrical heating elements shall not be used within posed of as recommended by the supplier. process buildings unless in accordance with Section 5011. SECTION 5006—SPILL CONTROL, DRAINAGE SECTION 5005—STORAGE OF RAW MATERIALS CONTROL AND SECONDARY CONTAINMENT AND FINISHED PRODUCTS Buildings,rooms and areas shall be provided with a means to con- 5005.1 General. The storage, use and handling of flammable trol spills and to contain or drain spills and fire protection water in and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. accordance with Section 7901.8. 5005.2 Tanks in Buildings. Tank storage for flammable and SECTION 5007—PROCESS MILLS, MIXERS AND combustible liquids inside of buildings shall be in storage areas at KETTLES or above grade which are separated from the processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with 5007.1 Mill Location. Mills operating with close clearances the Building Code. and used for the processing of flammable and heat-sensitive EXCEPTION: Quantities in processing equipment essential to the materials, such as nitrocellulose, shall be located in a detached continuity of operations. building or in a noncombustible structure without other 5005.3 Tank Car and Tank Vehicle Loading and Unloading occupancies. The amount of nitrocellulose or other flammable Facilities. Tank car and tank vehicle loading and unloading material brought into the area shall not be more than that required stations for Class I liquids shall be separated from processing for a batch. areas,other plant buildings,property lines to property that could 5007.2 Mixers. Mixers shall be of an enclosed type or an open be built upon,or public thoroughfares by a clear space of not less type provided with properly fitted covers.Where gravity flow is than 25 feet(7620 mm). used,a shutoff valve shall be installed as close as practical to the 1-105 5007.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5012.4 mixer,and a control valve shall be provided near the end of the fill 5009.4 Storage of Containers. Empty and filled containers pipe. shall be stored outside the filling area. 5007.3 Kettles. SECTION 5010—RAW MATERIALS IN PROCESS 5007.3.1 Location. Open-fire kettles shall be located in an AREAS outside area, provided with a protective roof or in a separate building of noncombustible construction or separated from other 5010.1 Nitrocellulose. The amount of nitrocellulose brought areas by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in into process areas shall not exceed that required for a shift.Spilled accordance with the Building Code. nitrocellulose shall be promptly swept up,put into a pail of water, removed at the end of the day or shift,and disposed of by use or by 5007.3.2 Vaporizer location. The vaporizer section of heat- burning in the open at a suitable detached location. transfer systems heating closed kettles containing solvents shall be remotely located. 5010.2 Organic Peroxides. Organic peroxides brought into process areas shall be in the original shipping container and shall 5007.3.3 Safety features. Contact-heated kettles containing not exceed the quantity required for a shift.When in the process solvents shall be equipped with safety devices that turn the process area, peroxide shall not be placed in areas exposed to ignition heat off,turn the cooling medium on and inject inert gas into the sources,heat or mechanical shocks. kettle in the event of fire. Kettles and thin-down tanks shall be instrumented,controlled SECTION 5011 —ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT and interlocked so that any failure of the controls will result in a safe condition.The kettle shall be provided with a pressure rupture 5011.1 General. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply disc in case the normal vent becomes inoperative.The vent piping with the Electrical Code. from the rupture disc shall be of a minimum length and shall dis- 5011.2 Class I,Division 1 Areas. Where Class I liquids are ex- charge to a safe location. Thin-down tanks shall be adequately posed to the air,the design of equipment and ventilation of build- vented. Thinning operations shall be provided with an adequate ings shall limit the Class I,Division 1 locations to pits,the interior vapor-removal system. of equipment and the immediate vicinity of pumps or equipment locations such as dispensing stations,open centrifuges,plate and SECTION 5008—PROCESS PIPING frame filters,opened vacuum filters,change cans and the surfaces of open equipment. The immediate vicinity shall include a zone 5008.1 General. Piping,valves and fittings shall be designed for extending from the vapor liberation point 20 feet(6096 mm)hori- the working pressures and structural stresses to which they could zontally in all directions and vertically from the floor to a level be subjected. Piping, valves and fittings shall be constructed of 6 feet(1829 mm)above the highest point of vapor liberation. steel or other material approved for the intended service. 5011.3 Class I,Division 2 Areas. Locations not covered by Sec- 5008.2 Valves. Valves shall be of an indicating type. Terminal tion 5011.2 where Class I liquids are handled shall be Class 1, valves on remote pumping systems shall be of the "dead-man" Division 2.If the flash point of the liquid processed is higher than type which will shut off both the pump and the flow of solvent. ambient temperature and at least 100°F (37.8°C), ordinary electrical equipment is allowed. Care shall be used in locating 5008.3 Flexible Connectors and Hoses. Approved flexible electrical apparatus to prevent hot metal from falling into open connectors are allowed where vibration exists or where frequent processing equipment. movement is necessary.Approved hose shall be used at dispens- ing stations. 5011.4 Other Areas. Ordinary electrical equipment, including switch gear, is allowed in rooms which are maintained under 5008.4 Installation. Piping systems shall be substantially sup- positive pressure with respect to hazardous areas. Air and other ported and protected against physical damage. Piping shall be mediums for pressurization shall be taken from locations where pitched to avoid unintentional trapping of liquids or suitable entrainment of flammable vapor is improbable. drains shall be provided. 5008.5 Testing. Before being placed in service,piping shall be SECTION 5012—PROTECTION FROM STATIC free of leaks when tested to not less than one and one-half times the ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING working pressure,and not less than 5 psig(34.5 kPa)at the highest point in the system.Tests shall continue for a minimum of 30 min- 5012.1 Fixed Equipment. Equipment, such as tanks, machin- utes. ery and piping,where an ignitable mixture could be present,shall be bonded and connected to ground.The bond or ground or both shall be physically applied or shall be inherently present by the na- SECTION 5009—TRANSFER OF FLAMMABLE AND ture of installation.This electrically conductive path shall have a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN PROCESS AREAS resistance of not more than 1 million ohms. 5009.1 General. The transfer of large quantities of flammable Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or equipment and combustible liquids shall be through piping by means of shall be bonded to the other portions of the system or grounded. pumps.Compressed air shall not be used as a transfer medium. 5012.2 Tank Vehicles. Tank vehicles loaded or unloaded 5009.2 Pumps. Pumps shall be selected for the flammable and through open connections shall be grounded and bonded to the re- combustible liquid, working pressures and structural stresses to ceiving system. which they could be subjected. 5012.3 Portable Containers. When a flammable mixture is 5009.3 Emergency Controls. Where solvents are pumped from transferred from one portable container to another,a bond shall be storage to points of use,approved switches shall be provided in the Provided between the two containers. processing areas and at the pumps to shut down the pumps in case 5012.4 Buildings. Steel framing of buildings shall be grounded of fire. with resistance of not more than 5 ohms. 1-106 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5013 5014.7 SECTION 5013—FIRE PROTECTION Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated areas. 5013.1 Fire Alarm System. An approved fire alarm system 5014.3 Confined Space Entry. When necessary to enter a tank, shall be provided.See Section 1007. pit,manhole or other confined spaces,such entry shall be autho- rized by the responsible individual in charge. 5013.2 Maintenance. Plant fire-protection facilities shall be ad- equately maintained,periodically inspected and tested. 5014.4 Powered.Industrial Trucks. Powered industrial trucks shall be of a type approved for the location and shall be in accord- ance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90,Stand- SECTION 5014—MAINTENANCE and n.2.2. 5014.1 Tanks and Vessels. The cleaning of tanks or vessels 5014.5 Empty Containers. Empty containers previously used which have contained flammable or combustible liquids shall be for flammable or combustible liquids shall be removed to a under the supervision of persons who understand the fire and ex- well-detached, outside location and, if not cleaned on the prem- plosion potential. ises,removed from the plant as soon as practical. 5014.2 Ignition Sources. When necessary to make repairs in- 5014.6 Outside Storage in Containers. Storage of flammable volving potential ignition sources,the work shall be authorized by and combustible liquids in containers outside of buildings shall be the responsible individual in charge before the work is started. in accordance with Section 7902.3. Open flames and direct-fired heating devices shall not be used 5014.7 Aisles. Adequate aisles shall be maintained for the unob- in areas where flammable vapor-air mixtures could exist. structed movement of personnel and fire-protection equipment. 1-107 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5101 6101.9.1.1 ARTICLE 51 -SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES SECTION 5101 —GENERAL signals from emergency equipment and alarm and detection sys- tems. Such emergency equipment and alarm and detection sys- 5101.1 Scope. tems shall include,but not necessarily be limited to,the following 5101:1.1 General. Semiconductor fabrication facilities and when such equipment or systems are required to be provided comparable research and development areas classified as Group either by this article or elsewhere in this code: H,Division 6 Occupancies shall be in accordance with Article 51 1. Automatic fire sprinkler system alarm and monitoring sys- and the Building Code. . tems(see Section 5101.10.1). The use,storage and handling of hazardous materials in Group 2.Manual fire alarm systems(see Section 5101.10.2). H,Division 6 Occupancies shall be in accordance with Article 51, 3.Emergency alarm systems(see Section 5101.10.3). other applicable provisions of this code and the Building Code. 4.Continuous gas,detection systems(see Section 5101.10.4). 5101.1.2 Application. The requirements set forth in Article 51 are requirements specific only to Group H,Division 6 Occupan- 5. Smoke-detection systems (see Sections 1007.2.6.4, cies and shall be applied as exceptions or additions to applicable 8003.3.1.7, 8003.6.1.6, 8003.7.1.7 and 8004.2.3.7.7 and the requirements set forth elsewhere in this code. Building Code). 5101.2 Material Classification. Hazardous production materi- 6.Emergency power system(see Section 5101.13). als(HPM)and other hazardous materials are those chemicals or 5101.7 Systems,Equipment and Processes. substances defined as such in Article 2.When a material has multi- ple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed. See also Sec- 5101.7.1 General. Systems, equipment and processes shall lion azard.2. include, but not necessarily be limited to, containers, cylinders, tanks, piping, tubing, valves and fittings. See Section 8001.4, 5101.3 Existing Buildings and Existing Fabrication Areas. other applicable provisions of this code, and the Building and For existing buildings and existing fabrication areas,see Sections Mechanical codes. 102,5101:8.2 and 5103.3.2.2 and the Building Code. 5101.7.2 Additional regulations for HPM supply piping. The 5101.4 Definitions. requirements set forth in Section 8001.4.3.3 shall apply to supply 5101.4:1 General. For definitions of CEILING LIMIT,COM- piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids.Supply piping for PRESSED GAS, COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER, COM- HPM having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall have welded PRESSED GAS SYSTEM,CONTINUOUS GAS-DETECTION connections throughout unless an exhausted enclosure is pro- vided. SYSTEM, EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM, EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE, FABRICATION AREA -(Fab Area), FLAM- 5101.8 Construction Requirements. MABLE VAPORS OR FUMES,GAS CABINET,GAS ROOM, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION areas shall Fabrication areas. Occupied levels of fabrication MATERIAL (HPM), HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, HPM areas shall be located at or above the first story.See also the Build ROOM, INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS, LIQUID STORAGE ing Code. ROOM, NONFLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE, OCCUPANCY- 5101.8.2 Pass-throughs in existing corridors. Self-closing GROUP H DIVISION 6, PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT doors having a fire-protection rating of not less than one hour shall (PEL),SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES,and separate pass-throughs from existing corridors. Pass-throughs USE(Material),see Article 2. shall be constructed as required for corridors. See also Section 5101.4.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 51, 5103.3.2. certain terms are defined as follows: 5101.8.3 Liquid storage rooms. See Section 7902.5.11 and the B SERVICE CORRIDOR is a fully enclosed passage used for Building Code. B transporting HPM and for purposes other than required means of 5101.8.4 HPM rooms. See the Building Code. B egress. WORKSTATION is a defined space or an independent princi- pal 5101.8.5 .Gas cabinets. See Sections 208 and 8003.3.1.3.2. pal piece of equipment using HPM within a fabrication area where 5101.8.6 Exhausted enclosures. See Sections 206 and a specific function, laboratory procedure or research activity 8003.3.1.3.3. occurs.Approved or listed hazardous materials storage cabinets, flammable liquid storage cabinets or gas cabinets serving a work- 5101.8.7 Gas rooms. See Sections 208, 8001.10.3 and station are included as part of the workstation. A workstation is 8003.3.1.3.4 and the Building Code. allowed to contain ventilation equipment,fire-protection devices, 5101.8.8 Service corridors. See Section 5103.3.3.2 and the detection devices, electrical devices, and other processing and Building Code. scientific equipment. 5101.5 Permits. Permits are required to store,handle or use haz- 5101.9 General Safety Precautions. ardous materials and compressed gases.See Section 105,Permits 5101.9.1 Emergency plan. c.7 and h.1. 5101.9.1.1 Plans and diagrams. Plans and diagrams shall be 5101.6 Emergency Control Station. An emergency control maintained in approved locations indicating the approximate plan station shall be provided on'the premises at an approved location, for each area;the amount and type of HPM stored, handled and outside of the fabrication area and shall be continuously staffed by used; locations of shutoff valves for HPM supply piping;emer- trained personnel. The emergency control station shall receive gency telephone locations;and locations of exits. 1-109 5101.9.1.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5101.10.4.3.1 5101.9.1.2 Plan updating. Plans and diagrams shall be main- 5101.10.2a Fire Alarm System. A manual fire alarm system tained up-to-date and the fire department shall be informed of ma- shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H,Divi- jor changes. sion 6 Occupancies.Activation of the alarm system shall sound a local alarm with the alarm signal sent to the emergency control 5101.9.1.3 Emergency response team. Responsible persons station.Manual fire alarm systems shall be designed and installed shall be designated to an on-site emergency response team and in accordance with [for SFMJ the appropriate standard and C L trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department.These per- guides adopted in Chapter 35 of the California Building Code and C L sons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency re- Article 760 of the California Electrical Code. C L sponses;identifying locations where HPM is stored,handled and used;and shall be familiar with the chemical nature of HPM.An approved number of personnel for each work shift shall be desig- 5101.10.3 Emergency alarm system. nated. 5101.10.3.1 General. Emergency alarm systems shall be pro- 5101.9.1.4 Emergency drills. Emergency drills of the on-site vided in accordance with Sections 5101.10.3, 8003.1.10 and emergency response team shall be conducted on a regular basis 8004.4.3. The exempt amount provisions of Sections 8001.15, but not less than once every three months.Records of drills con- 8003.1.1 and 8004.1.1 shall not apply to emergency alarm systems ducted shall be maintained. required for HPM. 5101.9.2 Maintenance of equipment, machinery and pro- 5101.10.3.2 Where required. cesses. See Section 8001.4.4. 5101.10.3.2.1 Service corridors. An emergency alarm system 5101.9.3 Security of areas. See Section 8001.11.2. shall be provided in service corridors, with at least one alarm device in the service corridor or as otherwise required by the chief. 5101.9.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. 5101.10.3.2.2 Corridors and exit enclosures. See Section 5101.9.4.1 Fabrication areas. See the Building Code. 8004.4.3. 5101.9.4.2 Workstations. Electrical equipment and devices 5101.10.3.2.3 Liquid storage rooms, HPM rooms and gas within 5 feet(1524 mm)of workstations in which flammable or rooms. See Section 8003.1.10. pyrophoric gases or flammable liquids are used shall be in accord- 5101.10.3.3 Alarm-initiating devices. An approved emer- ance with the Electrical Code for Class I, Division 2 hazardous gency telephone system,local alarm manual pull stations,or other locations. Workstations shall not be energized without adequate approved alarm-initiating devices are allowed to be used as emer- exhaust ventilation.See Section 5101.12 for exhaust ventilation gency alarm-initiating devices. system requirements. 5101.10.3.4 Alarm signals. Activation of the emergency alarm EXCEPTION: Class 1, Division 2 hazardous electrical is not system shall sound a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emer- required when the air removal from the workstation or dilution will gency control station. provide nonflammable atmosphere on a continuous basis. 5101.9.4.3 HPM rooms, gas rooms and liquid storage 5101.10.4 Continuous gas-detection systems. rooms. Electrical wiring and equipment in HPM rooms, gas 5101.10.4.1 General. A continuous gas-detection system shall rooms and liquid storage rooms shall be in accordance with the be provided for HPM gases when the physiological warning prop- Electrical Code. erties of the gas are at a higher level than the accepted permissible 5101.9.5 Corridors and exit enclosures. Hazardous materials exposure limit (PEL) for the gas and for flammable gases in shall not be used or stored in corridors or exit enclosures.See Sec- accordance with Section 5101.10.4. tion 5103.3.2.2. 5101.10.4.2 Where required. 5101.9.6 Service corridors. Hazardous materials shall not be 5101.10.4.2.1 Fabrication areas. A continuous gas-detection used in an open system use condition in service corridors.See Sec- system shall be provided for fabrication areas at locations in the tion 5103.3.3. fabrication area where gas is used or stored. 5101.10 Alarm and Detection Systems. 5101.10.4.2.2 HPM rooms. A continuous gas-detection system 5101.10.1 Automatic fire sprinkler system. Automatic fire shall be provided in HPM rooms when gas is used in the room. sprinkler systems shall be electronically monitored and provided 5101.10.4.2.3 Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas with alarms in accordance with Section 1003.3. Automatic fire rooms. A continuous gas-detection system shall be provided in sprinkler system alarm and monitoring signals shall be trans- gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures and gas rooms. mitted to the emergency control station. 5101.10.4.2.4 Corridors. When gases are transported in piping 5101.10.2 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm sys- placed within the space defined by the walls of a corridor and the tem shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H, floor or roof above the corridor,a continuous gas-detection system Division 6 Occupancies.Activation of the alarm system shall ini- shall be provided where piping is located and in the corridor. tiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control EXCEPTION:A continuous gas-detection system is not required station.Manual fire alarm systems shall be designed and installed for occasional transverse crossings of the corridors by supply piping L C to accordance with Section 1007[for SFMJ the appropriate stand- which is enclosed in a ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor. L c and and guides adopted in Chapter 35 of the California Code and 5101.10.4.3 Gas-detection system operation. L C Article 760 of the California Electrical Code. 5101.10.4.3.1 Monitoring. The continuous gas-detection sys- tem shall be capable of monitoring the location where gas detec- t The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- tion is required at or below the permissible exposure limit(PEL) C don,or a lications s peci ied 6 law,or the Office q the State Fire Marshal. or ceiling limit of the as for which detection is provided. For c f Ip I f f Jl f g g 1-110 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5101.10.4.3.1 5101.10.4.3.3 flammable gases,the monitoring detection threshold level shall be be distinct from all other alarms. vapor concentrations in excess of 20 percent of the lower explo- 5101.10.4.3.3 Shut off of gas supply. The gas-detection system sive limit(LEL).See also Section 8003.3.1.6. shall automatically close the shutoff valve at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system being monitored for 5101.10.4.3.2 Alarms. The gas-detection system shall initiate a which gas is detected when a short-term hazard condition is local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control station detected. Automatic closure of shutoff valves shall be in accord- when a short-term hazard condition is detected.The alarm shall be ance with the following:. s both visual and audible and shall provide warning both inside and EXCEPTION:When the gas-detection sampling point initiating outside the area where the gas is detected.The audible alarm shall the gas-detection system alarm is at a use location or within a gas valve (Text continues on page 1-111.) 1-110.1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE (This page intentionally left blank.) 1-110.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5101.10.4.3.3 5101.13.1 enclosure of a branch line downstream of a piping distribution man- 5101.11.5.2 Metallic and noncombustible, nonmetallic ifold,the shutoff valve in the gas valve enclosure for the branch line exhaust ducts. Automatic fire sprinkler system protection shall located in the piping distribution manifold enclosure shall automati- be provided in metallic and noncombustible,nonmetallic exhaust cally close. ducts when all of the following conditions apply: 1. When the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas- detection system alarm is within a gas cabinet or exhausted enclo- sure,the shutoff valve in the gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure greater than 10 inches(254 mm), for the specific gas detected shall automatically close. 2.The ducts are within the building,and 2. When the gas detection sampling point initiating the gas- 3.The ducts are conveying flammable vapors or fumes. detection system alarm is within a room and compressed gas con- 5101.11.5.3 Combustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts. Auto- tainers are not in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures,the shutoff matic fire sprinkler system protection shall be provided in combus- valves on all gas lines for the specific gas detected shall automati- tible nonmetallic exhaust ducts when the largest cross-sectional cally close. diameter of the duct is equal to or greater than 10 inches(254 mm). 3. When the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas- EXCEPTIONS:1.Ducts listed or approved for applications with- detection system alarm is within a piping distribution manifold out automatic fire sprinkler system protection. enclosure, the shutoff valve for the compressed gas container of 2.Ducts not more than 12 feet(3658 mm)in length installed below specific gas detected supplying the manifold shall automatically ceiling level. close. 5101.11.5.4 Exhaust connections or plenums of combustible 5101.11 Fire-extinguishing Systems. workstations. See Section 5101.11.2.2. 5101.11.1 General. An approved automatic fire sprinkler sys- 5101.11.5.5 Fire sprinkler head locations. Fire sprinkler heads tem shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1003.2.6.3 and shall be installed at 12-foot(3658 mm)intervals in horizontal ex- 5101.11 and the Building Code. haust ducts and at changes in direction.In vertical runs,fire sprin- kler heads shall be installed at the top and at alternate floor levels. 5101.11.2 Workstations. 5101.12 Exhaust Ventilation Systems for HPM. 5101.11.2.1 General. The design of the automatic fire sprinkler 5101.12.1 General. Exhaust ventilation systems and materials system in the area shall take into consideration the spray pattern for exhaust ducts used for the exhaust of HPM shall be in accord- and the effect on the equipment.Automatic fire sprinkler system ance with Section 5101.12, other applicable provisions of this coverage of the horizontal surface at workstations shall not be code,and the Building and Mechanical codes. obstructed. 5101.11.2.2 Combustible workstations. An automatic fire 5101.12.2 Where required. Exhaust ventilation systems shall be provided in the following locations in accordance with the sprinkler head shall be installed within each branch exhaust con- requirements indicated in Section 5101.12 and the Building Code: nection or within individual plenums of workstations of combus- tible construction.The automatic fire sprinkler system head in the 1. Fabrication Areas: See the Building Code. The chief is exhaust connection or plenum shall be located not more than 2 feet allowed to require additional manual control switches. (610 mm)from the point of the duct connection or the connection 2.Workstations:A ventilation system shall be provided to cap- to the plenum. When necessary to prevent corrosion, the auto- ture and exhaust fumes and vapors at workstations.Two or more matic fire sprinkler system head and connecting piping in the duct workstation operations shall not be connected to the same exhaust shall be coated with approved or listed corrosion-resistant materi- system when either one or the combination of the substances ex- als. The automatic fire sprinkler system head shall be accessible hausted could constitute a fire,explosion or hazardous chemical for periodic inspection. reaction within the exhaust system.Also,see Sections 8004.2.2.2 EXCEPTIONS:1.Approved alternate automatic fire-extinguish- and 8004.2.3.3. ing systems are allowed.Activation of such systems shall deactivate 3.Liquid Storage Rooms:See Section 8003.1.4 and the Build- the related processing equipment. ing Code. 2. Process equipment which operates at temperatures exceeding 932°F(500°C)and which is provided with automatic shutdown capa- 4.HPM Rooms: See Section 8003.1.4 and the Building Code. bilities for hazardous materials. 5.Gas Cabinets:See Section 8003.3.1.3.2.The gas cabinet ven- 3.Exhaust ducts 10 inches(254 mm)or less in diameter from flam- tilation system is allowed to connect to a workstation ventilation mable gas storage cabinets that are part of a workstation. System. 5101.11.3 Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. Automatic 6.Exhausted Enclosures: See Section 8003.3.1.3.3. fire sprinkler system protection shall be provided in gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures containing HPM compressed gases. 7.Gas Rooms: See Section 8003.3.1.3.4. EXCEPTION:Automatic fire sprinkler system protection is not 5101.12.3 Penetrations. Exhaust ducts penetrating occupancy required in gas cabinets located in an HPM room other than those cabi- separations shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent fire-resis- nets containing pyrophoric gases. tive construction. Exhaust ducts shall not penetrate area separa- 5101.11.4 Pass-throughs in existing corridors. Pass-throughs tion walls.Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust ducts. in existing corridors shall be protected by an approved automatic 5101.12.4 Treatment systems. See Sections 8003.3.1.3.5, fire sprinkler system. 8003.12.1.3,8004.2.3.7.5 and 8004.2.3.7.9. 5101.11.5 Exhaust ducts for HPM. 5101.13 Emergency Power System. 5101.11.5.1 General. Automatic fire sprinkler system protec- 5101.13.1 General. An emergency power system shall be pro- tion shall be provided in exhaust ducts conveying vapors,fumes, vided in accordance with Section 5101.13 and the Building Code. mists or dusts generated from HPM in accordance with Section The design and installation of emergency power systems shall be 5101.11.5.See also the Mechanical Code. in accordance with the Electrical Code. 1-111 5101.13.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5103.2.3.4 5101.13.2 Required electrical systems. Emergency power room or gas room (see Sections 8001.10.4 and 8003.3.1.3.3) as shall be provided for electrically operated equipment and con- appropriate for the materials stored.The storage of other hazard- nected control circuits for the following systems: ous materials shall be in accordance with Article 80 and other 1.HPM exhaust ventilation systems(see Section 5101.12). applicable provisions of this code.For detached storage of HPM, see Section 8003.1.15. 2. HPM gas cabinet ventilation systems (see Section 8003.3.1.3.2). 5102.3.2 Separation of HPM. Hazardous production material stored in a liquid storage room, HPM room or gas room shall 3. HPM exhausted enclosure ventilation systems(see Section be separated from each other in the room in accordance with 8003.3.1.3.3). Table 5102-C. 4. HPM gas room ventilation systems (see Section Noncombustible partition separation shall be in accordance 8003.3.1.3.4). with Section 8001.11.8,Item 2. 5.HPM gas-detection systems(see Section 5101.10.4). When separate rooms are required,the walls of such rooms are 6.Emergency alarm systems(see Section 5101.10.3). not required to be fire rated. 7. Manual fire alarm systems(see Section 5101.10.2). One-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation shall be provided 8. Automatic fire sprinkler system monitoring and alarm sys- when one-hour separation is required. tems(see Section 5101.10.1). SECTION 5103—USE AND HANDLING 9.Electrically operated systems required elsewhere in this code or the Building Code applicable to the use,storage or handling of 5103.1 Applicability. The use and handling of hazardous mate- HPM. rials shall be in accordance with Sections 5101 and 5103 and other applicable provisions of this code. 5101.13.3 Exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust ventilation 5103.2 Fabrication Areas. systems are allowed to be designed to operate at not less than one half the normal fan speed on the emergency power system when it 5103.2.1 General. Hazardous production material located in is demonstrated that the level of exhaust will maintain a safe atmo- fabrication areas shall be within approved or listed storage cabi- sphere. nets,gas cabinets or within a workstation. 5103.2.2 Maximum quantities. SECTION 5102—STORAGE 5103.2.2.1 Aggregate quantities. The aggregate quantities of 5102.1 Applicability. Storage of hazardous materials shall be in hazardous materials in a single fabrication area shall be in accord- accordance with Sections 5101 and 5102 and other applicable pro- ance with Section 5102.2.2.See Table 5102-A. visions of this code. 5103.2.2.2 Workstations. The quantity of HPM in use at a 5102.2 Fabrication Areas. workstation shall not exceed the quantities listed in Table 5102-B. 5102.2.1 General. Storage of HPM in fabrication areas shall be 5103.2.3 Workstations. within approved or listed storage cabinets,gas cabinets,exhausted 5103.2.3.1 Construction. Workstations in fabrication areas enclosures or within a workstation. shall be constructed of materials compatible with the materials See Section 7902.5.9 for flammable and combustible liquid used and stored at the workstation.The portion of the workstation storage cabinet requirements. that serves as a cabinet for HPM gases and flammable liquids shall be noncombustible and, if of metal, shall not be less than See Section 8001.10.6.1 for hazardous materials storage cabi- 0.044-inch(18 gage)(1.12 mm)steel.See also Section 8001.4.4. net requirements. 5103.2.3.2 Protection of vessels. Vessels containing HPM See Section 8003.3.1.3.2 for gas cabinet requirements. located in or connected to a workstation shall be protected from See Section 8001.10.4 for exhausted enclosure requirements. physical damage and shall not project from the workstation.Haz- ardous gases and liquid vessels located within a workstation shall 5102.2.2 Maximum quantities. be protected from seismic forces in an approved manner in accord- 5102.2.2.1 Aggregate quantities. The aggregate quantities of ance with the Building Code.For compressed gases,see also Sec- hazardous materials stored and used in a single fabrication area tion 7401.6.4. shall not exceed the quantities set forth in Table 5102-A. 5103.2.3.3 Drainage and containment for HPM liquids. Each EXCEPTION:The quantity limitations for any hazard category in workstation using HPM liquids shall have the following: Table 5102-A shall not apply when the fabrication area contains quan- 1. Drainage piping systems connected to a compatible system tities of hazardous materials not exceeding the exempt amounts estab- for disposition of such liquids, lished by Articles 79 and 80 (see Tables 7902.5-A, 7903.2-13, 8001.15-A and 8001.15-8). 2. The work surface provided with a slope or other means for directing spilled materials to the containment or drainage system, 5102.2.2.2 Hazardous production materials. The maximum and quantities of HPM stored in a single fabrication area shall not exceed the exempt amounts established by Articles 79 and 80.See 3. An approved means of containing or directing spilled or Tables 7902.5-A,7903.2-B,8001.15-A and 8001.15-B. leaked liquids to the drainage system. 5102.3 Storage Rooms. 5103.2.3.4 Clearances. Workstations where HPM is located shall be provided with horizontal servicing clearances of not less 5102.3.1 General. The storage of HPM in quantities greater than 3 feet(914 mm)for electrical equipment,gas cylinder con- than those listed in Table 7902.5-A, 7903.2-B, 8001.15-A or nections and similar hazardous conditions.These clearances shall 8001.15-B shall be in a room complying with the requirements of apply only to normal operational procedures and not to repair or the Building Code and this code for a liquid storage room,HPM maintenance-related work. 1-112 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5103.3 5103.3.4.5 5103.3 Transportation and Handling. 5103.3.3.2 Minimum width. The minimum clear width of a 5103.3.1 General. The transportation and handling of hazard- service corridor shall be 5 feet(1524 mm)or 33 inches(828 mm) ous materials shall be in accordance with Section 5103.3 and other wider than the widest cart or truck used in the service corridor, applicable provisions of this code. whichever is greater. 5103.3.2 Corridors and exit enclosures. 5103.3.3.3 Use as a corridor. Service corridors shall not be used as a required corridor. 5103.3.2.1 New buildings and new fabrication areas. Corri- dors and exit enclosures in new buildings or serving new fabrica- 5103.3.3.4 Maximum quantities. The maximum quantities of tion areas shall not contain HPM. HPM transported in a service corridor at one time shall not exceed two times that set forth in Section 5103.3.4.3. 5103.3.2.2 Existing buildings and existing fabrication areas. 5103.3.4 Carts and trucks. 5103.3.2.2.1 Transport in corridors and exit enclosures. When existing fabrication areas are altered or modified in existing 5103.3.4.1 General. Carts and trucks used to transport HPM in buildings,HPM is allowed to be transported in existing corridors corridors and exit enclosures in existing buildings shall be in and exit enclosures when approved.Such corridors and exit enclo- accordance with Sections 5103.3.4 and 8001.12.3. sures shall be in accordance with the Building Code.Transporta- tion in corridors and exit enclosures shall be in accordance with 5103.3.4.2 Size. Neither the length nor width of a cart shall Sections corridors .4 and it enclosures 2.2. exceed 4 feet(1219 mm)or one half of the width of existing corri- dors or exit enclosures,whichever is less. 5103.3.2.2.2 Glass containers. Hazardous production material in glass containers shall not be transported in corridors and exit 5103.3.4.3 Capacity. The capacity of carts and trucks used for enclosures unless glass is necessary to prevent contamination of transportation of hazardous materials shall not exceed the follow- the product.Glass containers shall not exceed 1 gallon(3.79 L)in mg: size. 1.Liquids: 55 gallons(208.1 L). 5103.3.2.2.3 HPM gases. Hazardous production material gas 2.Compressed Gases:seven cylinders,up to 400 pounds(181.4 cylinders transported in corridors or exit, enclosures shall have kg)each. their valves capped or plugged with an approved closure device and shall have their protective cylinder caps in place. 3.Solids:500 pounds(226.8 kg). 5103.3.3 Service corridors. 5103.3.4.4 Power carts and trucks. Power carts and trucks shall be approved or listed for use in the environment intended and 5103.3.3.1 When required. When a new fabrication area is shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards(see constructed,a service corridor shall be provided when necessary Article 90,Standard n.2.2). to transport HPM from a liquid storage room, HPM room, gas room or from the outside of a building to the perimeter wall of a 5103.3.4.5 Identification. Carts and trucks shall be marked to fabrication area. indicate the contents. 1-113 TABLE 5102-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 5102-A—QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN A GROUP H,DIVISION 6 OCCUPANCY SOLID LIQUID GAS (Ibs/sq.ft.) (gals/sq.ft.) (ft.3 @ NTP/sq.ft.) HAZARD CATEGORY x 4.882 for kg/m2 x 40.74 for Um2 x 0.305 for m3 at NTP/mz Combustible liquid II — 0.01 — III-A — 0.02 — III-B — NL — Combination Class I,II and III-A — 0.04 — Combustible dust Footnote 1 Combustible fiber Loose Footnote 1 — — Baled Footnote 1 — — Cryogenic Flammable — — Footnote 2 Oxidizing — — 1.25 Explosives Footnote 1 Footnote 1 Footnote 1 Flammable solid 0.001 — — Flammable gas Gaseous — — Footnote 2 Liquefied — — Footnote 2 Flammable liquid I-A — 0.0025 — I-B — See Combination flammable — I-C — See Combination flammable — Combination Class I-A,I-B and I-C — 0.025 — Combination Class I,II and III-A — 0.04 — Organic peroxide UD Footnote 1 Footnote 1 — I Footnote 1 Footnote 1 — II 0.025 0.0025 — III 0.1 0.01 — IV NL NL — V NL NL — Oxidizing gas Gaseous — — 1.25 Liquefied — — 1.25 Combination of Gaseous and Liquefied — — 1.25 Pyrophoric Footnote 1 Footnote 1 Footnotes 2 and 3 Oxidizer 4 Footnote 1 Footnote 1 N/A 3 See Combination oxidizer See Combination oxidizer N/A 2 See Combination oxidizer See Combination oxidizer N/A 1 See Combination oxidizer See Combination oxidizer N/A Combination oxidizer Class 1,2,3 0.003 0.03 N/A Unstable(reactive) 4 Footnote 1 Footnote 1 Footnote 1 3 0.025 0.0025 Footnote 1 2 0.1 0.01 Footnote 1 1 NL NL NL Water reactive 3 Footnote 1 Footnote 1 — 2 0.25 0.025 — 1 NL NL — Carcinogen NL NL NL Corrosive NL NL NL Highly toxic NL NL Footnote 2 Irritants NL NL NL Radioactive NL NL NL Sensitizers NL NL NL Other health hazards NL NL NL Toxic NL NL Footnote 2 NL—The quantity of hazardous material in a single fabrication area is not limited. tQuantity of hazardous material in a single fabrication area shall not exceed exempt amounts in Tables 8001.15-A and 8001.15-B. 2The aggregate quantity of flammable,pyrophoric,toxic and highly toxic gases shall not exceed 9,000 cubic feet(254.9 m3)at NTP. 3The aggregate quantity of pyrophoric gases in the building shall not exceed quantity limits set forth in Table 8003.1-B. 1-114 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 5102-B TABLE 5102-C TABLE 5102-B—MAXIMUM QUANTITIES OF HPM AT A WORKSTATION MAXIMUM QUANTITY x 3.785 for L MATERIAL STATE x 0.45 for kg HPM flammables,highly toxics,pyrophorics and gas 3 cylinders ' toxics combined liquid 15 gallons solid 5 pounds Corrosives gas 3 cylinders liquid 25 gallonst solid 20 pounds Oxidizers gas 3 cylinders liquid 12 gallonst solid 20 pounds IAn equal amount of nonflammable HPM liquid in reservoirs of filtering systems of connected materials in use is allowed. TABLE 5102-C—MINIMUM SEPARATION OF HPM1,2 HIGHLY WATER UNSTABLE ORGANIC MATERIALS TOXIC TOXIC ACID BASE FLAMMABLE OXIDIZER REACTIVE PYROPHORIC REACTIVE PEROXIDE Highly toxic N.R. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. Toxic N.R. _r.„x' e ;s= S S S S S S S S Acid 1 hr. S S S3 S S S3 S S Base 1 hr. S S m S S S S S S Flammable 1 hr. S S3 S S R S S S Oxidizers 1 he S S S 8� ":" S S3 S S Water reactives 1 hr. S S S R S S S S P ro horic 1 hr. S S3 S S S3 S ' S S Y P w; Unstable reactives 1 hr. S S S S S S S = S Organic peroxides 1 hr. S S S S S S S S t N.R. = not required. S = separation by a partial noncombustible partition. R = separate rooms. 1 hr. = one-hour fire-resistive separation. ZHazardous production material gas shall be separated from all HPM liquids and solids by a one-hour fire-resistive separation or shall be kept in approved gas cabinets.See Section 8003.3.1.3.2.Hazardous production material gases shall be separated from gases in other HPM categories as shown in Table 5102-C,or shall be kept in approved gas cabinets.See Section 8003.3.1.3.2. 3Separation by not less than 20 feet(6096 mm)is allowed in lieu of a noncombustible partition. 1-115 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5201 5201.6.2 ARTICLE 52—MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS SECTION 5201 —GENERAL 1.Ten feet(3048 mm)or more from property lines, 5201.1 Scope. Automotive, marine and aircraft motor vehicle 2•Ten feet(3048 mm)or more from buildings having combus- fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accordance with Article 52 and tible exterior wall surfaces or buildings having noncombustible UFC Standard 52-1. Such operations shall include both public exterior wall surfaces that are not part of a one-hour fire-resistive accessible and private operations. Flammable and combustible assembly, liquids and LP-gas shall also be in accordance with Articles 79 EXCEPTION:Canopies constructed in accordance with the Build- and 82. ing Code. 3.Such that all portions of the vehicle being fueled will be on the 5201.2 Definitions. For definitions of CNG,COMBUSTIBLE premises of the motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station, LIQUID, FLAMMABLE LIQUID and MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATION,see Article 2. 4.Such that the nozzle,when the hose is fully extended,will not reach within 5 feet(1524 mm)of building openings,and 5201.3 Permits and Plans. 5.Twenty feet(6096 mm)or more from fixed sources of igni- 5201.3.1 Permits. Permits are required for motor vehicle tion. fuel-dispensing stations. See Section 105,Permit m3. 5201.4.1.3 Bulk plants. Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations 5201.3.2 Plans and specifications. Plans and specifications located at bulk plants shall be separated by a fence or similar bar- shall be submitted for review and approval prior to the installation rier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted.See also or construction of a motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station.A site Section 5202.3.1. plan shall be submitted which illustrates the location of flammable 5201.4.2 Storage vessels. Storage vessels for LP-gas and CNG liquid,LP-gas or CNG storage vessels,and their spatial relation to shall be located 20 feet (6096 mm) or more from aboveground each other, property lines and building openings. Both above- tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids. ground and underground storage vessels shall be shown on plans. 5201.5 Installation of Dispensing Devices. For each type of station,plans and specifications shall include,but not be limited to,the following: 5201.5.1 Protection of dispensers. Dispensing devices shall be 1.Flammable and Combustible Liquids: the type and design protected against physical damage from vehicles by mounting on of underground and abovegroundapproved methods.[For DSA/ACj Where dispensing devices are C L liquid storage tanks; the loca- a concrete island 6 inches(152.4 mm)or more in height or by other tion and design of the fuel dispensers and dispenser nozzles;the mounted at grade, they shall be protected at each end with a mini- c L design and specifications for related piping, valves and fittings; mum of two concrete filled steel posts,6 inches(152 mm)in diame- .C L the location and classification of electrical equipment,including ter,having a minimum 3 feet(914 mm)deep footing not less than A L emergency fuel shutdown devices; and specifications for fuel 15 inches (381 mm) in diameter, and projecting above grade a c L storage and venting components. minimum of 3 feet(914 mm)and be located not less than 4 feet A L 2. Liquefied Petroleum Gas: equipment and components as (1219 mm)nor more than 5 feet(1524 mm)from fuel dispensers or c L required in UFC Standard 82-1;the location and design of the LP- point-of-sale devices,or equivalent means approved by the chief. A L gas dispensers and dispenser nozzles; the design, specifications 5201.5.2 Dispenser installation. Dispensing devices shall be and location for related piping, valves and fittings; the location secured in an approved manner.Dispensers shall not be secured to and classification of electrical equipment, including emergency the island usingpiping or conduit. fuel shutdown devices; and specifications for fuel storage and p p g pressure-relief components. 5201.5.3 Emergency shutdown devices. Emergency shutdown 3.Compressed Natural Gas: when provided,the location of devices shall be provided for all fuel dispensers.Emergency shut- CNG compressors;the location and design of CNG dispensers and down devices for exterior fuel dispensers shall ( located within vehicle fueling connections;the design,specification and location 100 feet(30 480 rum)of,but not less than 20 fee[(6096 rum)from, ' for related piping,valves and fittings;the location and classifd locatica-on dispensers.For interior.fuel-dispensing operations,the emergen- Ac- tion of electrical equipment,including emergency fuel shutdown ti shutdown devices shall be installed i approved locations.transfer devices; and specifications for fuel storage and pressure-relief offu l of the emergency shutdown devices shall stop the transfer components. of fuel to the dispensers and close all valves which supply fuel to the dispensers.Such devices shall be distinctly labeled as EMER- 5201.4 Location of Dispensing Operations and Storage Ves- GENCY FUEL SHUTDOWN DEVICE.Signs shall be provided sels. in approved locations. 5201.4.1 Dispensing operations. 5201.5.4 Dispenser electrical disconnects. An electrical dis- connect switch shall be provided for all dispensers in accordance 5201.4.1.1 General. Flammable and combustible liquids,CNG with the Electrical Code. The disconnect shall be placed in the and LP-gas shall not be dispensed in buildings and dispensers for OFF position before repairing dispensers and before closing a such products shall not be located in buildings. motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station. EXCEPTIONS: 1.Dispensing of flammable and combustible liq- 5201.6 Supervision of Dispensing Operations. uids inside buildings in accordance with Section 5202. ' 2.Compression,storage and dispensing of CNG in accordance with 5201.6.1 General. The dispensing of fuel into the fuel tanks of Section 5204. automobile,marinecraft or aircraft,or portable containers shall be See Sections 5202,5203 and 5204 for additional requirements. under the supervision of a qualified attendant at all times. EXCEPTION:Unsupervised dispensing of flammable and com- 5201.4.1.2 Dispensing devices. Dispensing devices shall be lo- bustible liquids,LP-gas and CNG as a motor fuel is allowed in accord- cated as follows: ance with Sections 5201.6.3,5202,5203 and 5204. 1-117 5201.6.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5202.3.9 5201.6.2 Attendants. The attendant's primary function shall be 5202.3 Storage of Fuel. to supervise, observe and control the dispensing of motor fuels. 5202.3.1 General. Class I liquids shall be stored in closed con- The attendant shall prevent the dispensing of flammable and com- bustible liquids and flammable gases into containers not in com- tainers, in tanks located underground or in special enclosures in pliance with this code,control sources of ignition,give immediate accordance with Section 5202.3.6.Class I1 and III-A liquids shall attention to accidental spills or releases,and be prepared to use fire be stored in containers or in tanks located underground or in spe- extinguishers. A method of communicating with the fire depart- cial enclosures in accordance with Section 5202.3.6.See also Ap- ment shall be provided for the attendant. pendix 11-F. 5201.6.3 Unsupervised dispensing. Unsupervised dispensing 5202.3.2 Interconnection of aboveground tanks and under- ground tanks. A connection shall not be made between an is allowed when the owner or operator provides,and is account- aboveground tank and an underground tank. able for,daily site visits,regular equipment inspection and main- tenance,conspicuously posted instructions for the safe operation 5202.3.3 Fueling from portable tanks. Portable tanks are al- ' of dispensing equipment, and posted telephone numbers for the lowed to be temporarily used in conjunction with the dispensing of owner or operators. A sign, in addition to the signs required by Class I,II or III-A liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or Section 5201.8,shall be posted in a conspicuous location reading: other motorized equipment on premises not normally accessible to the public when approved. IN CASE OF FIRE,SPILL OR RELEASE 5202.3.4 Storage tanks at bulk plants. Storage tanks used for 1. Use emergency pump shutoff! fueling operations shall not be connected to or serve as bulk plant 2. Report the accident! tanks. Fire Department Telephone No. 5202.3.5 Class I liquids in basements or pits. Class I liquids Facility address shall not be stored or used within a building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors could travel unless such area is During hours of operation, stations having unsupervised dis- provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of pensing shall be provided with a fire alarm transmitting device.A flammable vapors therein. telephone not requiring a coin to operate is acceptable. 5202.3.6 Special enclosures. When installation of tanks in ac- 5201.7 Sources of Ignition. Electrical equipment shall be in ac- cordance with Section 7902.6 is impractical,or because of proper- cordance with the Electrical Code. ty or building limitations,tanks for Class 1,II or 111-A liquids are Smoking and open flames shall be prohibited in areas where allowed to be installed in buildings in special enclosures as fol- lows: fuel is dispensed. The engines of vehicles being fueled shall be 1. The special enclosure shall be liquid[ight and vaportight. stopped. 2. The special enclosure shall not contain backfill. 5201.8 Signs. Signs prohibiting smoking, prohibiting dispens- 3. Sides,top and bottom of the special enclosure shall be of re- ing into unapproved containers and requiring vehicle engines to inforced concrete at least 6 inches(152.4 mm)thick,with open- be stopped during fueling shall be conspicuously posted within ings for inspection through the top only. sight of each dispenser. 4. Tank connections shall be piped or closed such that neither 5201.9 Fire Protection. Portable fire extinguishers shall be pro- vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space between the vided as set forth in UFC Standard 10-1. special enclosure and any tanks inside the special enclosure. 5. Means shall be provided whereby portable equipment can be 5201.10 Clearance from Combustible Materials. Weeds, employed to discharge to the outside any vapors which might ac- grass,brush,trash and other combustible materials shall be kept cumulate inside the special enclosure should leakage occur. not less than 10 feet(3048 mm)from fuel storage vessels and fuel- 6. Tanks containing Class 1,11 or III-A liquids inside a special handling equipment. enclosure shall not exceed 6,000 gallons(22 712 L)individual or 5201.11 Maintenance. Fueling systems shall be maintained in 18,000 gallons(68 137 L)aggregate capacity. proper operating condition. 7. Each tank within special enclosures shall be surrounded by a clear space of not less than 3 feet(910 mm)to allow for mainte- SECTION 5202—FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE nance and inspection. LIQUID MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING 5202.3.7 Container storage inside buildings. Class I, II or STATIONS III-A liquids stored inside motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station buildings shall be in approved containers and in accordance with 5202.1 General. Automotive,marine and aircraft motor vehicle Section 7902.5. fuel-dispensing stations utilizing flammable or combustible liq- uids shall be in accordance with Section 5202.See also Article 79. 5202.3.8 Testing or leak-detection devices. Leak-detecting de- vices shall be tested annually by the owner or occupant of the 5202.2 Approvals. property on which they are located. Test results shall be main- 5202.2.1 General. Equipment and appliances used for the stor- tained on the premises and available to the chief on request. age or dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be 5202.3.9 Inventory control. Accurate daily inventory records approved or listed in accordance with Section 5202.2. shall be maintained and reconciled on Class I,I1 and III-A liquid 5202.2.2 Approved equipment. Pits and piping used for flam- storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from tanks and mable and combustible liquids shall be approved. piping.The records shall be kept at the premises and available to the chief upon request and shall include records showing,by prod- 5202.2.3 Listed equipment. Tanks, electrical equipment, dis- uct,daily reconciliation between sales,use,receipts and inventory pensers,hose,nozzles,and submersible or subsurface pumps used on hand.If there is more than one system consisting of tanks serv- for the storage or dispensing of flammable and combustible liq- ing separate pumps or dispensers for a product,the reconciliation uids shall be listed. shall be ascertained separately for each tank system.A consistent 1-118 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5201 5201.6.2 ARTICLE 52- MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS SECTION 5201 —GENERAL 1.Ten feet(3048 mm)or more from property lines, 5201.1 Scope. Automotive, marine and aircraft motor vehicle 2•Ten feet(3048 mm)or more from buildings having combus- fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accordance with Article 52 and tible exterior wall surfaces or buildings having noncombustible UFC Standard 52-1. Such operations shall include both public exterior wall surfaces that are not part of a one-hour fire-resistive accessible and private operations. Flammable and combustible assembly, liquids and LP-gas shall also be in accordance with Articles 79 EXCEPTION:Canopies constructed in accordance with the Build- and 82. ing Code. 3.Such that all portions of the vehicle being fueled will be on the 5201.2 Definitions. For definitions of CNG, COMBUSTIBLE premises of the motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station, LIQUID, FLAMMABLE LIQUID and MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATION,see Article 2. 4.Such that the nozzle,when the hose is fully extended,will not reach within 5 feet(1524 mm)of building openings,and 5201.3 Permits and Plans. 5.Twenty feet(6096 mm)or more from fixed sources of igni- 5201.3.1 Permits. Permits are required for motor vehicle tion. fuel-dispensing stations.See Section 105,Permit m.3. 5201.4.1.3 Bulk plants. Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations 5201.3.2 Plans and specifications. Plans and specifications located at bulk plants shall be separated by a fence or similar bar- shall be submitted for review and approval prior to the installation rier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted.See also or construction of a motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station.A site Section 5202.3.1. plan shall be submitted which illustrates the location of flammable 5201.4.2 Storage vessels. Storage vessels for LP-gas and CNG liquid,LP-gas or CNG storage vessels,and their spatial relation to shall be located 20 feet (6096 mm) or more from aboveground each other, property lines and building openings. Both above- tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids. ground and underground storage vessels shall be shown on plans. For each type of station,plans and specifications shall include,but 5201.5 Installation of Dispensing Devices. not be limited to,the following: 5201.5.1 Protection of dispensers. Dispensing devices shall be 1.Flammable and Combustible Liquids:the type and design protected against physical damage from vehicles by mounting on of underground and aboveground liquid storage tanks; the loca- a concrete island 6 inches(152.4 mm)or more in height or by other tion and design of the fuel dispensers and dispenser nozzles;the approved methods. design and specifications for related piping,valves and fittings; 5201.5.2 Dispenser installation. Dispensing devices shall be the location and classification of electrical equipment,including secured in an approved manner.Dispensers shall not be secured to emergency fuel shutdown devices; and specifications for fuel the island using piping or conduit. storage and venting components. 2. Liquefied Petroleum Gas: equipment and components as 5201.5.3 Emergency shutdown devices. Emergency shutdown r devices shall be provided for all fuel dispensers.Emergency shut- required in UFC Standard 82-1;the location and design of the LP- down devices for exterior fuel dispensers shall be located within as dispensers and dispenser nozzles; the design, specifications and location for related piping, valves and fittings; the location 100 feet(30 480 mm)of,but not less than 20 feet(6096 mm)from, and classification of electrical equipment, including emergency dispensers.For interior fuel-dispensing operations,the emergen- fuel shutdown devices; and specifications for fuel storage and cy shutdown devices shall be installed at approved locations.Ac- tivation of the emergency shutdown devices shall stop the transfer of fuel to the dispensers and close all valves which supply fuel to 3. Compressed Natural Gas: when provided,the location of the dispensers.Such devices shall be distinctly labeled as EMER- CNG compressors;the location and design of CNG dispensers and GENCY FUEL SHUTDOWN DEVICE.Signs shall be provided vehicle fueling connections;the design,specification and location in approved locations. for related piping,valves and fittings;the location and classifica- 5201.5.4 Dispenser electrical disconnects. An electrical dis- tion of electrical equipment,including emergency fuel shutdown d connect switch shall be provided for all dispensers in accordance devices; and specifications for fuel storage and pressure-relief components. with the Electrical Code. The disconnect shall be placed in the OFF position before repairing dispensers and before closing a 5201.4 Location of Dispensing Operations and Storage Ves- motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station. sels. 5201.6 Supervision of Dispensing Operations. 5201.4.1 Dispensing operations. 5201.6.1 General. The dispensing of fuel into the fuel tanks of 5201.4.1.1 General. Flammable and combustible liquids,CNG automobile,marinecraft or aircraft,or portable containers shall be and LP-gas shall not be dispensed in buildings and dispensers for under the supervision of a qualified attendant at all times. such products shall not be located in buildings. EXCEPTION:Unsupervised dispensing of flammable and com- bustible liquids,LP-gas and CNG as a motor fuel is allowed in accord- ance with Sections 5201.6.3,5202,5203 and 5204. uids inside buildings in accordance with Section 5202. I 2.Compression,storage and dispensing of CNG in accordance with 5201.6.2 Attendants. The attendant's primary function shall be Section 5204. to supervise,observe and control the dispensing of motor fuels. See Sections 5202,5203 and 5204 for additional requirements. The attendant shall prevent the dispensing of flammable and com- bustible liquids and flammable gases into containers not in com- 5201.4.1.2 Dispensing devices. Dispensing devices shall be lo- pliance with this code,control sources of ignition,give immediate cated as follows: attention to accidental spills or releases,and be prepared to use fire 1-117 5201.6.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5202.3.9 extinguishers.A method of communicating with the fire depart- accordance with Section 5202.3.6.Class II and III-A liquids shall ment shall be provided for the attendant. be stored in containers or in tanks located underground or in spe- cial enclosures in accordance with Section 5202.3.6.See also Ap- 5201.6.3 Unsupervised dispensing. Unsupervised dispensing pendix II-F. is allowed when the owner or operator provides,and is account- able for,daily site visits,regular equipment inspection and main- 5202.3.2 Interconnection of aboveground tanks and under- tenance,conspicuously posted instructions for the safe operation ground tanks. A connection shall not be made between an of dispensing equipment, and posted telephone numbers for the aboveground tank and an underground tank. owner or operators.A sign, in addition to the signs required by Section 5201.8,shall be posted in a conspicuous location reading: 5202.3.3 Fueling from portable tanks. Portable tanks are al- lowed to be temporarily used in conjunction with the dispensing of IN CASE OF FIRE,SPILL OR RELEASE Class I,II or III-A liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or other motorized equipment on premises not normally accessible 1. Use emergency pump shutoff! to the public when approved. 2. Report the accident! Fire Department Telephone No. 5202.3.4 Storage tanks at bulk plants. Storage tanks used for Facility address fueling operations shall not be connected to or serve as bulk plant tanks. During hours of operation, stations having unsupervised dis- 5202.3.5 Class I liquids in basements or pits. Class I liquids shall not be stored or used within a building having a basement or pensing shall be provided with a fire alarm transmitting device.A telephone not requiring a coin to operate is acceptable. pit into which flammable vapors could travel unless such area is provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of 5201.7 Sources of Ignition. Electrical equipment shall be in ac- flammable vapors therein. cordance with the Electrical Code. 5202.3.6 Special enclosures. When installation of tanks in ac- Smoking and open flames shall be prohibited in areas where cordance with Section 7902.6 is impractical,or because of proper- fuel is dispensed. The engines of vehicles being fueled shall be ty or building limitations,tanks for Class I,II or III-A liquids are stopped. allowed to be installed in buildings in special enclosures as fol- 5201.8 Signs. Signs prohibiting smoking, prohibiting dispens- lows: ing into unapproved containers and requiring vehicle engines to 1. The special enclosure shall be liquidtight and vaportight. be stopped during fueling shall be conspicuously posted within 2. The special enclosure shall not contain backfill. sight of each dispenser. 3. Sides,top and bottom of the special enclosure shall be of re- 5201.9 Fire Protection. Portable fire extinguishers shall be pro- inforced concrete at least 6 inches(152.4 mm)thick,with open- vided as set forth in UFC Standard 10-1. ings for inspection through the top only. 5201.10 Clearance from Combustible Materials. Weeds, 4. Tank connections shall be piped or closed such that neither grass,brush,trash and other combustible materials shall be kept vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space between the not less than 10 feet(3048 mm)from fuel storage vessels and fuel- special enclosure and any tanks inside the special enclosure. handling equipment. 5. Means shall be provided whereby portable equipment can be 5201.11 Maintenance. Fueling systems shall be maintained in employed to discharge to the outside any vapors which might ac- proper operating condition. cumulate inside the special enclosure should leakage occur. 6. Tanks containing Class I,II or III-A liquids inside a special enclosure shall not exceed 6,000 gallons(22 712 L)individual or SECTION 5202—FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE 18,000 gallons(68 137 L)aggregate capacity. LIQUID MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS 7. Each tank within special enclosures shall be surrounded by a clear space of not less than 3 feet(910 mm)to allow for mainte- 5202.1 General. Automotive,marine and aircraft motor vehicle nance and inspection. fuel-dispensing stations utilizing flammable or combustible liq- 5202.3.7 Container storage inside buildings. Class I, II or uids shall be in accordance with Section 5202.See also Article 79. III-A liquids stored inside motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station 5202.2 Approvals. buildings shall be in approved containers and in accordance with 5202.2.1 General. Equipment and appliances used for the stor- Section 7902.5. age or dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be 5202.3.8 Testing or leak-detection devices. Leak-detecting de- approved or listed in accordance with Section 5202.2. vices shall be tested annually by the owner or occupant of the property on which they are located. Test results shall be main- 5202.2.2 Approved equipment. Pits and piping used for flam- tained on the premises and available to the chief on request. mable and combustible liquids shall be approved. 5202.3.9 Inventory control. Accurate daily inventory records 5202.2.3 Listed equipment. Tanks, electrical equipment, dis- shall be maintained and reconciled on Class I,II and III-A liquid pensers,hose,nozzles,and submersible or subsurface pumps used storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from tanks and for the storage or dispensing of flammable and combustible liq- piping.The records shall be kept at the premises and available to uids shall be listed. the chief upon request and shall include records showing,by prod- 5202.3 Storage of Fuel. uct,daily reconciliation between sales,use,receipts and inventory on hand.If there is more than one system consisting of tanks serv- 5202.3.1 General. Class I liquids shall be stored in closed con- ing separate pumps or dispensers for a product,the reconciliation tainers, in tanks located underground or in special enclosures in shall be ascertained separately for each tank system.A consistent 1-118 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5202.3.9 5202.4.8 or accidental loss of Class I,II or III-A liquids shall be immediate- EXCEPTION:A listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve ly reported to the fire department. with latch-open device is allowed to be used if the design of the system is such that the hose nozzle valve will close automatically in the event 5202.4 Dispensing. the valve is released from a fill opening or upon impact with a drive- way. 5202.4.1 Aboveground tanks. Class I and Class II liquids shall Where dispensing of Class I,II or III-A liquids is performed by not be dispensed into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle from above- someone other than a qualified attendant,a listed automatic-clos- ground tanks except when such tanks are installed inside special ing-type hose nozzle valve shall be used incorporating the follow- enclosures in accordance with Section 5202.3.6.See also Appen- ing features: dix II-F. 1. The hose nozzle valve shall be equipped with an integral 5202.4.2 Filling of portable containers and tanks and cargo latch-open device. tanks.Class I,II and III-A liquids shall not be dispensed into por- 2.When the flow of product is normally controlled by devices table containers unless such container is of approved material and or equipment other than the hose nozzle valve, the hose nozzle construction, and having a tight closure with screwed or spring valve shall not be capable of being opened unless the delivery hose cover so designed that the contents can be dispensed into without is pressurized.If pressure to the hose is lost,the nozzle shall close spilling. Liquids shall not be dispensed into portable tanks. automatically. Cargo tanks shall be filled at bulk plants or terminals. EXCEPTION:Vapor-recovery nozzles incorporating insertion in- terlock devices designed to achieve shutoff upon disconnect with ve- 5202.4.3 Dispenser hoses. hicle fill pipe. 5202.4.3.1 Hose length. Dispenser hoses shall be a maximum of 3.The hose nozzle shall be designed such that the nozzle is re- g p tained in the fill pipe during the filling operation. 18 feet (5486 mm) in length unless approved. Dispenser hoses shall be listed and approved. When not in use, hoses shall be 5202.4.4.3 Transferring apparatus for fueling air- reeled,racked or otherwise protected from damage. craft. Transferring apparatus used or intended to be used for fuel- EXCEPTION: When approved, dispenser hoses in excess of ing aircraft shall be approved and shall be installed,operated and 18 feet(5486 mm)in length are allowed at aircraft and marine motor- maintained in accordance with Section 2402.2.2. vehicle fueling facilities. 5202.4.5 Supervision. In addition to the requirements in Sec- 5202.4.3.2 Breakaway devices. Dispenser hoses for Class I and tion 5201.6,dispensing equipment used at unsupervised locations II liquids shall be equipped with a listed emergency breakaway de- shall comply with one of the following: vice designed to retain liquid on both sides of a breakaway point. 1. Dispensing devices are programmed or set to limit uninter- Such devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with rupted fuel delivery to 25 gallons(94.6 L)and require a manual the manufacturer's instructions. action to resume continued delivery,or Where hoses are attached to hose-retrieving mechanisms, the 2. The amount of fuel being dispensed is limited in quantity by emergency breakaway device shall be located between the hose a preprogrammed card as approved. nozzle and the point of attachment of the hose-retrieval mecha- 5202.4.6 Dispensing inside garages. Where an outside location nism to the hose. is impractical,dispensing devices approved for inside use are al- 5202.4.4 Design and construction. lowed to be installed inside a garage or similar establishment which stores, parks, services or repairs automotive equipment. 5202.4.4.1 General. Class I and 11 liquids shall be transferred The location of and safeguards for such dispensing devices shall Ifrom tanks by means of fixed pumps designed and equipped to al- be approved.Dispensing devices shall be protected from physical low control of the flow and to prevent leakage or accidental dis- damage by vehicles by mounting such devices on a concrete is- charge. land, or by equivalent means, and shall be located in a position Supplemental means shall be provided outside of the dispens- where they cannot be struck by an out-of-control vehicle descend- ing device whereby the source of power can readily be discon- ing a ramp or other slope. nected in the event of fire or other accident. The dispensing area shall be provided with an approved me- Dispensing devices for Class I,II or III-A liquids shall be of an chanical or gravity ventilation system.When dispensing units are approved type.See Article 90,Standard u.1.6.Class I,II or 111-A located below grade,only approved mechanical ventilation shall liquids shall be dispensed by approved pumps taking suction be used and the entire dispensing area shall be protected by an ap- through the top of the container.Class 1,II or III-A liquids shall not proved automatic sprinkler system. Ventilating systems shall be be dispensed by a device that operates through pressure within a electrically interlocked with Class I liquid dispensing units such storage tank or container unless the tank or container has been ap- that the dispensing units cannot be operated unless the ventilating proved as a pressure vessel for the use to which it is subjected.Air fan motors are energized. See also Section 5202.10. and oxygen pressure shall not be used for dispensing Class I,II or 5202.4.7 Electrical controls. A control shall be provided that III-A liquids. will allow the pump to operate only when a dispensing nozzle is See Section 5202.5 for pressure-delivery motor vehicle removed from its bracket or normal position with respect to the fuel-dispensing stations. dispensing unit and the switch on the dispensing unit is manually actuated. This control shall also stop the pump when all nozzles 5202.4.4.2 Nozzles. A listed automatic-closing-type hose have been returned,either to their brackets or to the normal non- nozzle valve with or without a latch-open device shall be provided dispensing position. on island-type dispensers used for dispensing Class I,II or III-A 5202.4.8 Special-type dispensers. Approved special-dispens- liquids. ing systems such as,but not limited to,coin-operated and remote Overhead-type dispensing units shall be provided with a listed preset types, are allowed at motor vehicle fuel-dispensing sta- automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve without a latch-open tions, provided there is at least one qualified attendant on duty device. while the station is open to the public,and: 1-119 5202.4.8 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5202.10.3.2 1. The attendant or supervisor on duty shall be capable of per- an indication if the piping and dispensers are not essentially liq- forming the functions and assuming the responsibilities set forth uidtight. in Sections 5201 and 5202.4.5, 5202.5.3.4 Testing. Upon completion of the installation, the 2. Instructions for the operation of dispensers shall be conspic- system shall be tested in accordance with Section 7901.11. uously posted, 5202.E Electrical Equipment. 3. Remote preset-type devices shall be set in the off position while not in use so that the dispenser cannot be activated without 5202.6.1 General. Areas where Class I liquids are stored,han- the knowledge of the attendant, dled or dispensed shall be in accordance with Section 5202.6.See also Section 7901.4. 4. The dispensing device shall be in clear view of the attendant at all times and obstacles shall not be placed between the dispens- 5202.6.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring ing devices and the attendant,and and equipment shall be installed in a manner which provides rea- 5. The attendant shall be able to communicate with persons in sonable safety to persons and property.Evidence that wiring and equipment are of the type approved for use in the hazardous loca- tions as set forth in Table 5202.6-A and that wiring and equipment 5202.5 Pressure Delivery Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Sta- have been installed in accordance with the Electrical Code shall be tions. provided. 5202.5.1 General. Systems used for the dispensing of Class I or 5202.6.3 Classified area. In Table 5202.6-A, a classified area II liquids that transfer the liquid from storage to individual or mul- need not extend beyond an unpierced wall,roof or other solid par- tiple dispensing units by pumps that are not located at dispensing tition. units shall be in accordance with Section 5202.5. For area classifications not covered in Section 5202.6.2 and not EXCEPTION:The chief is authorized to alter or impose additional listed in Table 5202.E-A,the chief is authorized to classify the ex- regulations where such systems are located within buildings. tent of the hazardous area. Notification shall be given to the chief prior to abandonment, 5202.7 Heating Equipment. alteration or repair of any part of a pressure delivery system,ex- cept the dispenser. 5202.7.1 Electrical heating equipment. Electrical heating equipment shall be in accordance with Section 5202.6. 5202.5.2 Pits. Pits intended to contain subsurface pumps or fit- 5202.7.2 Fuel-burning equipment. Fuel-burning equipment, tings from submersible pumps shall not be larger than necessary to other than wet heat systems and direct-fired makeup air heaters, contain the intended equipment and to allow the free movement of shall not be located in dispensing rooms or in areas where vapors hand tools operated from above grade. could migrate.Such systems shall be in accordance with the Me- Pits and covers shall be designed and constructed to withstand chanical Code. the external forces to which they could be subjected. When lo- cated above an underground tank,at least 1 foot(305 mm)of earth 5202.8 Drainage Control. Provisions shall be made to prevent or sand cover shall be maintained over the top of the tank. liquids spilled during dispensing operations from flowing into buildings. Acceptable methods include grading driveways, rais- Pits shall be protected against ignition of vapors by one of the ing doorsills,or other approved means. following methods: 5202.9 Fire Protection. A fire extinguisher with a minimum 1. Sealing the unpierced cover with mastic or by bolting rating of 2-A,20-B:C shall be provided and located such that it is against a gasket in an approved manner,or not more than 75 feet(22 860 mm)from any pump,dispenser or 2. Filling the pit with a noncombustible inert material. fill-pipe opening. 5202.5.3 Piping,valves and fittings. 5202.10 Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations Located inside Buildings. 5202.5.3.1 General. Piping, valves and fittings shall be de- 5202.10.1 General. Automotive motor vehicle fuel-dispensing signed for the working pressures and structural stresses to which they could be subjected. Metallic piping in contact with the stations which dispense fuels into vehicles in areas that are wholly ground shall be provided with cathodic protection. Threaded or partially enclosed by the walls,floors or ceilings of the build- joints or connections shall be made up tight with the use of an ap- build- ings shall be in accordance with Section 5202.10. See also Sec- proved pipe joint sealing compound. Nonmetallic joints shall be tion 5202.4.6. approved and shall be installed in accordance with the manufac- EXCEPTION:Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations located in- turer's instructions. side a building with two or more sides of the dispensing area open to the building exterior so that normal ventilation can be expected to dissi- 5202.5.3.2 Valves. A check or manual valve shall be provided in pate flammable vapors. the discharge dispensing supply line from the pump with a union Dispensing of fuel into motor vehicles inside of buildings is al- between the valve and the same pump discharge. lowed only when approved. An approved emergency shutoff impact valve incorporating a 5202.10.2 Construction. Automotive motor vehicle fuel-dis- fusible link designed to close automatically in the event of severe pensing stations within buildings shall be constructed in accord- impact or fire exposure shall be rigidly mounted and connected by ance with the Building Code. a union in the dispensing supply line at the base of each dispensing device. The shear section of the impact valve shall be mounted 5202.10.3 Ventilation. flush with the top of the surface upon which the dispenser is 5202.10.3.1 General. Heating,ventilation and air-conditioning mounted. systems shall be in accordance with the Mechanical Code. 5202.5.3.3 Leak detection. Pumps shall have installed on the 5202.10.3.2 Interlocks on dispensers. When mechanical sys- discharge an approved leak-detection device which will provide tems for ventilation are installed serving only the area where fuels 1-120 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5202.10.3.2 5202.11.5.1 are dispensed, the system shall operate when the motor vehicle near the approach to the pier,wharf or other structure,and an ap- fuel-dispensing station is open for business and shall be inter- proved quick-throw valve shall be provided above each flexible locked to dispensing units so that fuel cannot be dispensed unless connection to stop flow to float in the event of rupture of such flex- the ventilation system is in operation. ible connections. 5202.10.3.3 Exhaust system design. The exhaust system shall 5202.11.3.5 Flexible connections. Not more than two flexible be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the dis- connections shall be installed in lines leading from piers or pensing floor area and to prevent the flow of flammable vapors be- wharves to a float,except when unusual conditions exist.In such yond the dispensing area.Exhaust inlet ducts shall not be less than cases, additional flexible connections may be allowed when ap- 3 inches(76.2 mm)or more than 12 inches(304.8 mm)above the proved. floor.Exhaust ducts shall not be located in floors or penetrate the 5202.11.3.6 Piping materials. Commodity piping at marine floor of the dispensing area and shall discharge to a safe location outside the building. motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be welded or welded flanged steel construction. 5202.10.4 Piping. EXCEPTION:Pipe less than 2 inches(50.8 mm)in diameter is 5202.10.4.1 General. Piping systems shall be in accordance allowed to be threaded provided it is constructed of steel or other approved material. with Section 7901.11. 5202.11.3.7 Electrical grounding. Piping used for transporting 5202.10.4.2 Enclosure of vent piping. Fuel and flammable va- Class I liquids shall be grounded to control stray electrical current. por piping inside buildings, but outside of the motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station area,shall be enclosed within a horizontal 5202.11.3.8 Testing. Testing of piping systems shall be in ac- or a vertical shaft used only for this piping.Vertical and horizontal cordance with Section 7901.11.10. shafts shall be constructed of materials having a fire-resistance 5202.11.4 Dispensing. rating of not less than two hours. 5202.11.4.1 General. Wharves,piers or floats at marine motor 5202.10.5 Spill control and drainage control. Spill control and vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be used exclusively for the drainage control shall be provided as set forth in Section 7901.8. dispensing or transfer of petroleum products to or from marine 5202.11 Marine Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations. craft,except that transfer of essential ship stores is allowed.Ship stores and merchandise shall not be sold from an area where fuel is 5202.11.1 General. The construction of marine motor vehicle dispensed into the tanks of motor craft. fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accordance with the Building 5202.11.4.2 Location of tanks and pumps. Tanks and pumps, Code.The storage of Class I,II or III-A liquids at such locations hall,except as otherwise provided in Section 5202.11,be in ac- other than those integral with approved dispensing devices,sup- shall, ce with Articles 52 and 79. plying Class I,II or III-A liquids at marine motor vehicle fuel-dis- pensing stations shall be located only on shore or,when approved, 5202.11.2 General construction. Piers, wharves and floats on piers of solid-fill type. Approved dispensing devices with or where Class I,II or III-A liquid dispensers are located shall be of without integral pumps are allowed to be located on shore,piers of fire-resistive construction and shall be impervious to spills of such solid-fill type,open piers,wharves or floating docks. liquids and oils within the immediate area of the dispenser. 5202.11.4.3 Supervision. Dispensing of Class I,II or 1I1-A liq- 5202.11.3 Storage and handling. uids or flammable gases shall be under the direct control of a com- petent person at all times who is fully aware of the operation, 5202.11.3.1 General. Class I,II or III-A liquids stored in build- mechanics and hazards inherent to fueling of boats. ings used for marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing buildings shall be stored in approved containers or portable tanks. Storage of 5202.11.4.4 Hoses and nozzles. Dispensing of Class I, II or Class I liquids shall not exceed 10 gallons(37.9 L). III-A liquids into the fuel tanks of marine craft shall be by means EXCEPTION:Storage in liquid storage rooms in accordance with of an approved-type hose equipped with a listed automatic-clos- Section 7902.5.11. ing nozzle with or without latch-open device. Class II or III-A liquids stored or dispensed inside of buildings Hoses used for dispensing or transferring Class I,II or III-A liq- used for marine motor vehicle fuel dispensing shall be stored in uids, when not in use, shall be reeled, racked or otherwise pro- and dispensed from approved containers or portable tanks. Stor- tected from mechanical damage. age of Class II and III-A liquids shall not exceed 120 gallons 5202.11.4.5 Portable containers. Class I, II or I11-A liquids (454.2 L).Heating equipment shall comply with Section 5202.7. shall not be dispensed into portable containers unless such con- 5202.11.3.2 Connections between aboveground and under- tainer is approved. ground tanks. Connections shall not be made between an above- 5202.11.4.6 Liquefied petroleum gas. Liquefied petroleum gas ground tank and an underground tank, except that aboveground cylinders shall not be filled at marine motor vehicle fuel-dispens- tanks located in an adjoining bulk plant are allowed to connect,by ing stations unless approved. Approved storage facilities for piping, to marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station under- LP-gas cylinders shall be provided.See also Section 5204. ground tanks if,in addition to valves at the aboveground tanks,a valve is also installed within control of marine motor vehicle 5202.11.4.7 Access. The dispensing area shall be located from fuel-dispensing station personnel. other structures so as to provide room for safe ingress and egress of 5202.11.3.3 Piping. Piping at marine motor vehicle fuel-dis- craft to be fueled.Dispensing units shall be at least 20 feet(6096 mm)from activities involving fixed sources of ignition. pensing stations shall be protected against physical damage, external corrosion and excessive stresses. 5202.11.5 Fire-prevention regulations. 5202.11.3.4 Emergency valve. A valve whereby supply from 5202.11.5.1 Housekeeping. Marine motor vehicle fuel-dis- shore can be shut off shall be provided in each product line at or pensing stations shall be maintained in a neat and orderly manner 1-121 5202.11.5.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5202.13.2.5 and accumulations of rubbish or waste oils in excessive amounts shall be labeled FIRE HOSE EMERGENCY USE ONLY.Tests shall be prohibited. and valving shall be approved. 5202.11.5.2 Spills. Spills of Class I,II or III-A liquids at or on 5202.11.6.2 Fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers,each having the water of marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be a minimum rating of 20-B:C,shall be provided as follows: reported immediately to the fire department and jurisdictional au- 1. One on each float. thorities. 2. One on the pier or wharf within 25 feet(7620 mm)of the 5202.11.5.3 Rubbish containers. Metal containers with tight- head of the gangway to the float,unless the office is within 25 feet fitting or self-closing metal lids shall be provided for the tempo- (7620 mm)of the gangway or is on the float and an extinguisher is rary storage of combustible trash or rubbish. provided thereon. 5202.11.5.4 Marine vessels and craft. Vessels or craft shall not 5202.12 Aircraft Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations. be made fast to or berthed at fuel docks serving a marine motor ve- hicle fuel-dispensing station, except during fueling operations, 5202.12.1 General. Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing sta- and craft shall not be made fast to other vessels or craft occupying tions shall be in accordance with Article 52. a berth at a marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station. 5202.12.2 Transferring apparatus for fueling aircraft. Re- 5202.11.5.5 Sources of ignition. Construction, maintenance, fueling units and transferring apparatus other than automotive- repair and reconditioning work involving the use of open flames, type dispensing equipment used or intended to be used for fueling arcs or spark-producing devices shall not be performed at marine aircraft shall be approved and shall be installed and maintained in motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations or within 50 feet(15 240 accordance with Section 2402.2.2. mm) of the dispensing facilities, including piers, wharves or 5202.12.3 Fueling and defueling operations. Fueling and de- floats,except for emergency repair work approved in writing by fueling operations shall be in accordance with Section 2402. the chief.Fueling shall not be conducted at the pier,wharf or float during the course of such emergency repairs. 5202.13 Vapor Recovery. Smoking or open flames shall be prohibited within 50 feet 5202.13.1 General. Vapor-recovery and vapor-processing sys- (15 240 mm)of fueling operations.NO SMOKING signs shall be tems shall be in accordance with Section 5202.13. posted conspicuously about the premises. Such signs shall have letters not less than 4 inches(101.6 mm)in height on a background 5202.13.2 Vapor-balance systems. of contrasting color. 5202.13.2.1 Dispensing devices. Dispensing devices incorpo- 5202.11.5.6 Preparation of tanks for fueling. Boat owners and rating provisions for vapor recovery shall be listed and labeled. operators shall not offer their craft for fueling unless the tanks be- When existing listed or labeled dispensing devices are modified ing filled are properly vented to dissipate fumes to the outside at- for vapor recovery,such modifications shall be listed by report by mosphere. a nationally recognized testing laboratory. The listing by report shall contain a description of the component parts used in the mod- 5202.11.5.7 Warning signs. Warning signs shall be predomi- ification and recommended method of installation on specific dis- nantly displayed at the face of each wharf,pier or float at such ele- pensers. Such report shall be made available on request to the vation as to be clearly visible from the decks of marine craft being chief. fueled. Such signs shall have letters not less than 3 inches(76.2 Means shall be provided to shut down fuel dispensing in the mm)in height on a background of contrasting color bearing the event the vapor-return line becomes blocked. following or equivalent wording: 5202.13.2.2 Vapor-return line closeoff. An acceptable method shall be provided to close off the vapor-return line from dispensers WARNING when the product is not being dispensed. NO SMOKING—STOP ENGINE 5202.13.2.3 Piping. Piping in vapor-balance systems shall be in WHILE FUELING. SHUT OFF accordance with Sections 7901.11,7902.2 and 7902.6.Nonmetal- ELECTRICITY. DO NOT START lic piping shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's ENGINE UNTIL AFTER installation instructions. BELOW-DECK SPACES ARE Existing and new vent piping shall be in accordance with Sec- VENTILATED. tions 7901.11,7902.2 and 7902.6.Vapor-return piping shall be in- stalled in a manner which drains back to the tank,without sags or traps in which liquid can become trapped. If necessary, due to grade,condensate tanks are allowed in vapor-return piping.Con- 5202.11.6 Fire protection. densate tanks shall be designed and installed such that they can be drained without opening. 5202.11.6.1 Standpipes. Piers, wharves and floats at marine 5202.13.2.4 Flexible joints and shear joints. Flexible joints motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be equipped with an shall be installed in accordance with Section 7901.11.7. approved wet standpipe system installed in accordance with Article 10. An approved shear joint shall be rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the vapor-return piping at the base of each dispensing Hose stations shall be spaced to provide protection to any por- device.The shear joint shall be mounted flush with the top of the tion of docks,piers,wharves or floating craft.An approved and surface on which the dispenser is mounted. listed hose reel or approved and listed semiautomatic hose rack shall be provided and shall be located such that the hose is accessi- 5202.13.2.5 Testing. Vapor-return lines and vent piping shall be ble. Hose shall be enclosed within a cabinet, and hose stations tested in accordance with Section 7901.11.10. 1-122 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5202.13.3 5202.13.4 5202.13.3 Vapor processing. pact or fire exposure shall-be rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the vapor-return line at the base of each dispensing de- 5202.13.3.1 Equipment. Equipment in vapor-processing sys- vice.The shear section of the valve shall be mounted flush with the tems, including hose nozzle valves,vapor pumps,flame arresters, top of the surface on which the dispenser is mounted. fire checks or systems for prevention of flame propagation,con- trols and vapor-processing equipment,shall be individually listed 5202.13.3.6 Vapor-return line closeoff. An acceptable method for the intended use in a specified manner. shall be provided to close off the vapor-return line from dispensers Vapor-processing systems that introduce air into the under- When product is not being dispensed. ground piping or storage tanks shall be provided with equipment 5202.13.3.7 Component design. If a component is likely to for prevention of flame propagation that has been tested and listed contain a flammable vapor/air mixture under operating conditions as suitable for the intended use. and can fail in a manner which could ignite the mixture,the com- 5202.13.3.2 Location. Vapor-processing equipment shall be lo- ponent shall be designed to withstand an internal explosion with- cated at or above grade. Sources of ignition shall be located not out failure to the outside and protected to prevent flame less than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from.fuel-transfer areas and not less Propagation to other parts of the system. than 18 inches(457.2 mm)above tank fill openings and tops of 5202.13.3.8 Fire checks. Approved fire checks or other positive dispenser islands. means of automatic isolation of underground storage tanks shall Vapor-processing units shall be located not less than 10 feet be installed in vapor-return piping to prevent a flashback from (3048 mm)from the nearest building or property line of a property reaching the underground tanks. Such devices also shall be in- which can be built upon. stalled in all vapor/air piping as close as practical to each burner or group of burners in a vapor incineration unit, and in all va- EXCEPTION:Where the required distances to buildings,property por-transfer piping as close as practical to refrigeration, absorp- lines or fuel-transfer areas cannot be obtained,means shall be provided tion or similar types of processing equipment. to protect equipment against fire exposure.Acceptable means include: 1.Approved protective enclosures,which extend at least 18 inches 5202.13.3.9 Vent termination. Vents from vapor-processing (457.2 mm)above the equipment,constructed of fire-resistant or non- units shall not be less than 12 feet (3658 mm) above adjacent combustible materials,or ground level and not less than 8 feet(2438 mm)above the process- 2.Fire protection using an approved water-spray system. ing unit itself.Vent outlets shall be directed and located such that Vapor-processing equipment shall be located a minimum of flammable vapors will not accumulate, travel to an unsafe loca- 20 feet (6096 mm) from dispensing devices. Processing equip- tion or enter buildings. ment shall be protected against physical damage by guardrails, curbs, protective enclosures or fencing. When approved protec- 5202.13.3.10 Testing. Vapor-return lines, vapor-transfer lines tive enclosures are used,approved means shall be provided to ven- and vent piping shall be tested in accordance with Sec- tilate the volume within the enclosure to prevent pocketing of tion 7901.11.10. flammable vapors. 5202.13.3.11 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipment shall If a downslope exists toward the location of the vapor-process- be in accordance with Table 5202.6-A. Electrically energized ing unit from a fuel-transfer area,the chief is authorized to require vapor-recovery equipment shall be directly connected to and additional separation by distance and height. controlled by the emergency pump shutoff switch in Sec- tion 5202.4.7. 5202.13.3.3 Installation. Vapor-processing units shall be se- curely mounted on concrete,masonry or structural steel supports 5202.13.3.12 Site control. Fences, bumper posts or other con- on concrete or other noncombustible foundations. trol measures shall be provided where necessary to protect from tampering,trespassing and vehicle traffic.The area within 15 feet Vapor-recovery and vapor-processing equipment is allowed to (4572 mm) of the installed vapor-processing unit shall be kept be installed on roofs when approved. clear of combustible materials. 5202.13.3.4 Piping. Piping in a mechanical-assist system shall 5202.13.4 Maintenance,tests and inspection. Vapor-recovery be in accordance with Sections 7901:11,7902.2 and 7902.6. and vapor-processing equipment shall be subject to periodic Nonmetallic piping shall be installed in accordance with the maintenance, tests and inspections. Maintenance, tests and in- manufacturer's installation instructions. spections set forth in the listing document,or other tests required by the chief,shall be the responsibility of the owner or occupant of Existing and new vent lines shall be in accordance with Section the premises on which such equipment is located. 7902.1.11.Vapor-return lines shall be installed in a manner which drains back to the tank,without sags or.traps in which liquid can Maintenance on a vapor-recovery system or vapor-processing become trapped.If necessary,due to grade,condensate tanks are equipment shall be performed by the manufacturer of the affected allowed in vapor-return piping. Condensate tanks shall be de- equipment, or an equally qualified person. Written records of signed and installed such that they can be drained without open- maintenance,tests,inspections and the results and recommenda- ing. tions therefrom shall be maintained on the premises where the equipment is located,and shall be made available to the chief on 5202.13.3.5 Flexible joints and emergency shutoff impact request. valves. Flexible joints shall be installed in accordance with Sec- Incidents involving leaks,fires,explosions,overheating or re- tion 7901.11.7. quiring shutting down equipment,other than for routine mainte- An approved emergency shutoff impact valve incorporating a nance or tests, shall be immediately reported to the fire fusible link designed to close automatically in event of severe im- department. 1-123 TABLE 5202.6-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 5202.6-A—CLASS I LOCATIONS1 LOCATION GROUP D DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Underground tank Fill opening I Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level,any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from a loose fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet(1524 mm)from a tight fill connection. Vent—Discharging upward 1 Within 3 feet(914 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet(914 mm)and 5 feet(1524 mm)of open end of vent, extending in all directions. Dispensing device2—(except overhead type) Pits 1 Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level,any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. Dispenser4 2 Within 18 inches(457.2 mm)horizontally in all directions extending to grade from(1)the dispenser enclosure or(2)that portion of the dispenser enclosure containing liquid-handling components. Outdoor 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 20 feet(6096 mm) horizontally of any edge of enclosure. Indoor with mechanical ventilation 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade or floor level within 20 feet (6096 mm)horizontally of any edge of enclosure. with gravity ventilation 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade or floor level within 25 feet (7620 mm)horizontally of any edge of enclosure. Dispensing device—overhead type3 1 The space within the dispenser enclosure and all electrical equipment integral with the dispensing hose or nozzle. 2 A space extending 18 inches(457.2 mm)horizontally in all directions beyond the enclosure and extending to grade. 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 20 feet(6096 mm) horizontally measured from a point vertically below the edge of any dispenser enclosure. Remote pump—outdoor I Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level if any part is within a horizontal distance of 10 feet(3048 mm)from any edge of pump. 2 Within 3 feet(914 mm)of any edge of pump,extending in all directions. Also,up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 10 feet(3048 mm)horizontally from any edge of pump. Remote pump—indoor 1 Entire area within a pit. 2 Within 5 feet(1524 mm)of any edge of pump,extending in all directions. Also up to 3 feet(914 mm)above floor or grade level within 25 feet(7620 mm)horizontally from any edge of pump. Lubrication or service room —with dispensing I Pits within an unventilated area. 2 Pits with ventilation. 2 Area up to 18-inches(457.2 mm)above floor or grade level and 3 feet (914 mm)horizontally from a lubrication pit. Dispenser for Class I liquids 2 Within 3 feet(914 mm)of any fill or dispensing point,extending in all directions. Lubrication or service room —without dispensing 2 Entire area within pits used for lubrication or similar service where Class I liquids could be released. 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above such pits,and extending a distance of 3 feet(914 mm)horizontally from any edge of the pit. 2 Entire unventilated area within any pit,below-grade area or subfloor area. 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above any such unventilated pit, below-grade work area or subfloor work area and extending a distance of 3 feet(914 mm)horizontally from the edge of any such pit,below-grade work area or subfloor work area. Non-Classified Any pit,below-grade work area or subfloor work area that is ventilated at a rate of not less than I cfm per square foot(5.1 L/s per m2)of floor area at all times that the building is occupied or when vehicles are parked in or over these areas.Exhaust air shall be taken from a point within 12 inches (304.8 mm)of the floor of the pit,below-grade area or subfloor area. Special enclosure inside building (See Section 5202.3.6) 1 Entire enclosure. Sales,storage and restrooms Non-Classified If there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of a Division 1 area, the entire room shall be classified as Division 1. Vapor-processing systems pits 1 Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level,any part of which is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area or which houses equipment used to transport or process vapors. Vapor-processing equipment located within protective enclosures(See Section 5202.13.3) 2 (Continued) 1-124 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 5202.6-A FIGURE 5202.6-A TABLE 5202.E-A—CLASS I LOCATIONS1—(Continued) LOCATION GROUP D DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Vapor-processing equipment not within protective enclosures(excluding piping and combustion 2 The space within 18 inches(457.2 mm)in all directions of equipment devices) containing flammable vapor or liquid extending to grade level.Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 10 feet(3048 mm) horizontally of the vapor-processing equipment. Equipment enclosures 1 Areas within the enclosure where vapor or liquid is present under normal operating conditions. 2 The entire area within the enclosure other than Division 1. Vacuum-assist blowers 2 The space within 18 inches(457.2 mm)in all directions extending to grade level.Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 10 feet(3048 mm)horizontally. iLocations as classified in the Electrical Code. 2Refer to Figure 5202.6-A for classified location around dispensing devices. 3Ceiling-mounted hose reels are considered overhead-type dispensing devices. 4For classification of space inside the dispenser enclosure,see Article 90,Standard u.1.6. - Class 1 Div.1 ® Class 1 Div.2 I 20'(6096 mm) I 18"(457.2 mm)*1 18"(457.2 mm)-*l o / o 1 (457.22 min) 001, 20 (6096 min) 20'(6096 mm) I EN E FIGURE 5202.6-A—CLASSIFIED LOCATIONS ADJACENT TO DISPENSERS AS DETAILED IN TABLE 5202.6-A 1-125 5203 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5204.5.3 SECTION 5203—LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS 5203.5.2.3 Vehicle impact protection. Vehicle impact protec- MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS tion for LP-gas storage containers,pumps and dispensers shall be 5203.1 General. Automotive,marine and aircraft motor vehicle provided in accordance with Section 8001.11.3. fuel-dispensing stations utilizing LP-gas shall be in accordance 5203.6 Private Fueling of Motor Vehicles. Self-service LP-gas with Section 5203.See also Article 82. dispensing systems,including key,code and card lock dispensing systems,shall not be open to the public and shall be limited to the 5203.2 Approvals. filling of permanently mounted fuel containers on LP-gas pow- ered vehicles. 5203.2.1 General. Storage vessels and equipment used for the storage or dispensing of LP-gas shall be approved or listed in In addition to the requirements in Section 5201.6,self-service accordance with Section 5203.2. LP-gas dispensing systems shall be in accordance with the follow- ing: 5203.2.2 Approved equipment. Containers; pressure-relief 1. The system shall be provided with an emergency shutoff devices,including pressure-relief valves;and pressure regulators switch located within 75 feet(22 860 mm) of,but not less than and piping used for LP-gas shall be approved. 25 feet(7620 mm)from,dispensers. 5203.2.3 Listed equipment. Hoses, hose connections, vehicle 2. The owner of the dispensing facility shall ensure the safe op- fuel connections,dispensers,LP-gas pumps and electrical equip- eration of the system and the training of users. ment used for LP-gas shall be listed. 5203.7 Overfilling. Liquefied petroleum gas containers shall 5203.3 Attendants. Motor vehicle fueling operations shall be not be filled in excess of the fixed outage installed by the manufac- conducted by qualified attendants or in accordance with Section turer or the weight stamped on the tank. 5203.6 by persons trained in the proper handling of LP-gas. 5203.4 Location. In addition to the requirements of Section SECTION 5204—COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS 5201.4, the point of transfer for dispensing operations shall be 25 feet(7620 mm)or more from buildings having combustible ex- 5204.1 General. Automotive,marine and aircraft motor vehicle terior wall surfaces or buildings having noncombustible exterior fuel-dispensing stations utilizing CNG shall be in accordance with wall surfaces that are not part of a one-hour fire-resistive assem- Section 5204. bly,property which may be built on,public streets,or sidewalks 5204.2 Standards. Compressed natural gas motor vehicle and railroads;and at least 10 feet(3048 mm)from driveways and fuel-dispensing operations and facilities shall be in accordance buildings having noncombustible exterior wall surfaces that are with UFC Standard 52-1. part of a fire-resistive assembly having a rating of one-hour or more. 5204.3 Approvals. I EXCEPTION:The point of transfer for dispensing operations need 5204.3.1 General. Storage vessels and equipment used for the not be separated from canopies constructed in accordance with the storage,compression or dispensing of CNG shall be approved or Building Code. listed in accordance with Section 5204.3. Liquefied petroleum gas vehicle fuel dispensers shall not be located in the same island as a gasoline dispenser. 5204.3.2 Approved equipment. Containers; compressors; pressure-relief devices, including pressure-relief valves; and Liquefied petroleum gas containers shall be located in accord- pressure regulators and piping used for CNG shall be approved. ance with Article 82. Liquefied petroleum gas storage and dis- pensing equipment shall be located outdoors and in accordance 5204.3.3 Listed equipment. Hoses,hose connections,dispens- with Section 5201.5. ers,gas-detection systems and electrical equipment used for CNG shall be listed.Vehicle fueling connections shall be listed and la- 5203.5 Installation of Dispensing Devices and Equipment. beled. 5203.5.1 General.The installation and operation of LP-gas dis- 5204.4 Attendants. Motor vehicle fueling operations shall be pensing systems shall be in accordance with Section 5203.5 and conducted by qualified attendants or in accordance with Section UFC Standard 82-1.Liquefied petroleum gas dispensers and dis- 5204.6 by persons trained in the proper handling of CNG. pensing stations shall be installed in accordance with manufactur- 5204.5 Location of Dispensing Operations and Equipment. ers specifications and their listing. 5204.5.1 General. Compression,storage and dispensing equip- 5203.5.2 Vehicle fuel dispensers. ment shall be located aboveground. 5203.5.2.1 Valves. A manual shutoff valve and an excess flow- EXCEPTIONS:1.Compression,storage or dispensing equipment control valve shall be located in the liquid line between the pump is allowed in buildings of noncombustible construction,as set forth in the Building Code,which are unenclosed for three quarters or more of and the dispenser outlet and at the termination of the liquid piping the perimeter. at the point of attachment of the dispenser hose. 2. Compression,storage and dispensing equipment is allowed to be EXCEPTION:When approved,an emergency shutoff valve may located indoors in accordance with UFC Standard 52-1. be installed in lieu of the excess flow-control valve at the point where 5204.5.2 Maximum capacity within established lim- the dispenser hose is attached to the liquid piping. its. Within the limits established by law restricting the storage of A listed shutoff valve shall be located at the discharge end of the CNG for the protection of heavily populated or congested com- transfer hose. mercial areas,the aggregate capacity of any one installation shall 5203.5.2.2 Hoses. Hoses and piping for the dispensing of LP- not exceed 183,000 cubic feet(5 181 974 L). gas shall be provided with hydrostatic relief valves. The hose 5204.5.3 Location on property. In addition to the requirements length shall not exceed 18 feet(5486 mm).An approved method of Section 5201.4, compression, storage and dispensing equip- shall be provided to protect the hose against mechanical damage. ment shall be installed as follows: 1-126 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 5204.5.3 5204.10.2.3.6 1. Not beneath power lines, piping,regulators and equipment settings shall be provided to the 2. Ten feet (3048 mm) or more from the nearest building or chief for review and approval.The drawing shall illustrate the pip- property line which could be built on,public street,sidewalk,or ing and regulator arrangement and shall be shown in spatial rela- source of ignition, tion to the location of the compressor, storage vessels and I EXCEPTION:Dispensing equipment need not be separated from emergency shutdown devices. canopies constructed in accordance with the Building Code. 5204.10.2.3 Atmospheric venting. 3. Twenty-five feet(7620 mm)or more from the nearest rail of 5204.10.2.3.1 Plans and specifications. A drawing illustrating any railroad track and 50 feet(15 240 mm)or more from the near- the location of the vessel support,piping,the method of grounding est rail of any railroad main track or any railroad or transit line and bonding,and other requirements specified herein shall be pro- where power for train propulsion is provided by an outside electri- vided to the chief for review and approval. cal source such as third rail or overhead catenary,and 4. Fifty feet(15 240 mm)or more from the vertical plane below 5204.10.2.3.2 Cylinder stability. A method of rigidly support- the nearest overhead wire of a trolley bus line. ing the vessel during the venting of CNG shall be provided.The selected method shall provide not more than two points of support 5204.6 Private Fueling of Motor Vehicles. Self-service CNG- and shall prevent the horizontal and lateral movement of the ves- dispensing systems,including key,code and card lock dispensing sel.The system shall be designed to prevent the movement of the systems, shall be limited to the filling of permanently mounted vessel based on the highest gas-release velocity through valve ori- fuel containers on CNG-powered vehicles. fices at the vessel's rated pressure and volume. The structure or In addition to the requirements in Section 5201.6,self-service appurtenance shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. CNG-dispensing systems shall be in accordance with the follow- 5204.10.2.3.3 Separation. The structure or appurtenance used ing: for stabilizing the cylinder shall be separated from the site equip- 1. The system shall be provided an emergency shutoff switch ment,features and exposures and shall be located in accordance located within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of,but not less than 25 feet with Table 5204.10-A. (7620 mm)from,dispensers,and 2. The owner of the dispensing facility shall ensure the safe op- TABLE 5204.10-A—SEPARATION DISTANCE FOR eration of the system and the training of users. ATMOSPHERIC VENTING OF CNG MINIMUM SEPARATION 5204.7 Pressure Regulators. Pressure regulators shall be EQUIPMENT OR FEATURE (feet) (MM) designed, installed or protected so their operation will not be Buildings 25 7620 affected by the elements(freezing rain,sleet,snow or ice),mud or Building openings 25 7620 debris.This protection is allowed to be integral with the regulator. Property lines 15 4572 5204.8 Valves. Gas piping to equipment shall be provided with a Public ways 15 4572 remote,readily accessible manual shutoff valve. Vehicles 25 7620 5204.9 Emergency Shutdown Equipment. An emergency CNG compressor and shutdown device shall be located within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of, storage vessels 25 7620 but not less than 25 feet(7620 mm)from,dispensers and shall also CNG dispensers 25 7620 be provided in the compressor area. Upon activation, the emer- gency shutdown shall automatically shut off the power supply to 5204.10.2.3.4 Grounding and bonding. The structure or the compressor and close valves between the main gas supply and appurtenance used for supporting the cylinder shall be grounded the compressor and between the storage containers and dispens- in accordance with the Electrical Code.The cylinder valve shall ers. be bonded prior to the commencement of venting operations. 5204.10 Discharge of CNG from Motor Vehicle Fuel Storage 5204.10.2.3.5 Vent tube. A vent tube which will divert the gas Containers. flow to atmosphere shall be installed on the cylinder prior to the 5204.10.1 Applicability. The discharge of CNG from motor commencement of venting and purging operation.The vent tube vehicle fuel cylinders for the purposes of maintenance,cylinder shall be constructed of pipe or tubing materials in accordance with certification, calibration of dispensers or other activities shall be Article 90,Standard a.2.5. in accordance with Section 5204.10. Piping materials specified in Section 2-8.4 of UFC Standard 52-1 shall not be used.The vent tube shall be capable of dispersing 5204.10.2 Methods. the gas a minimum of 10 feet(3048 mm)above grade level.The 5204.10.2.1 General. The discharge of CNG from motor vent tube shall not be provided with a rain cap or other feature vehicle fuel cylinders shall be accomplished through a use-closed which would limit or obstruct the gas flow. transfer system or an approved method of atmospheric venting. At the connection fitting of the vent tube and the CNG cylinder, 5204.10.2.2 Use-closed transfer system. A documented proce- a listed bidirectional detonation flame arrester shall be provided. dure which explains the logical sequence for discharging the cyl- 5204.10.2.3.6 Signage. Approved NO SMOKING signs shall inder shall be provided to the chief for review and approval.The be posted within 10 feet(3048 mm)of the cylinder support struc- procedure shall include what actions the operator will take in the ture or appurtenance. Approved CYLINDER SHALL BE event of a low-pressure or high-pressure natural gas release during BONDED signs shall be posted on the cylinder support structure the discharging activity.A drawing illustrating the arrangement of or appurtenance. 1-127 17.56.075 UFC Section 5202.4.1 Amended--Aboveground Fuel Tanks. (3317-1/96) Aboveground Tanks. Class I and Class II flammable liquids shall not be dispensed into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle from aboveground tanks EXCEPT as follows: (3317-1/96) Above Ground Tank Model Policy For Dispensing Into Motor Vehicles SCOPE: When approved by the fire chief, the outside storage and dispensing of motor fuels (does not pertain to LPG) into tanks of motor vehicles from an aboveground tank(s), used in commercial applications which are not intended for retail sales to the general public. (3317-1/96) RESTRICTED LOCATIONS: ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS (ZONES)IN WHICH STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN OUTSIDE ABOVEGROUND TANKS ARE PROHIBITED. (3317-1/96) The limits referred to in Section 7902.2.2 of the UFC, as adopted by Huntington Beach Municipal Code 17.56.095 in which the storage of flammable or combustible liquids is restricted shall be as per local code and as approved by the fire chief. (3317-1/96) PLANS: Plans shall be submitted and approved prior to installation for each application. The plans shall indicate the method of storage and dispensing quantities to be stored, distances from buildings and property lines, accessways, fire-protection facilities, barrier protection, diking (secondary containment), design and construction of tanks, supports, seismic design, tank venting and vapor recovery, wiring and equipment, electrical controls, safety rules, signage and any additional information and requirements required by the fire chief. (3317-1/96) PERMITS : Permits shall be required in accordance with Section 105 of the UFC. In addition, the storage and dispensing of each operation shall be reviewed and permitted annually to assure compliance with approved plans. Prior to the issuance of the Fire Department's permit to install, all other applicable permits shall be obtained, i.e., Building, Planning, Environmental Health, Air Quality. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) PERMITTABLE LOCATIONS ON PROPERTY: The minimum distance in feet from property lines, public ways or significant buildings in which tank(s) and dispenser(s) can be located are hereby restricted to the following guidelines: (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Tanks to a maximum of 2200 gallons capacity shall be located fifteen (15') feet from property lines, public ways or significant buildings. (3317-1/96) The aggregate gallonage per site shall be limited to 2200 gallons. (3317-1/96) Quantities greater than 2200 gallons aggregate shall be approved by the fire chief. (3317-1/96) SEPARATION BETWEEN TANKS: Except for double-bulkheaded compartmentalized tanks, the separation between each tank shall be 1/6 the sum of adjacent tank diameter but not less than three (3) feet. (See UFC Table 79.504(a)). (3317-1/96) FIRE AND EXPLOSION PROTECTION: The primary tank shall be protected by a minimum listed or approved fire resistive protection of 2-hour rating and impact resistance as approved by the fire chief. (Impact resistance Article 9 definition.) (3317-1/96) DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TANKS AND EQUIPMENT: The design, fabrication and construction of tanks shall be in accordance with UFC Section 7902.1.8.1.1. (3317-1196) Equipment- All dispensing equipment and devices shall be of an approved type and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory as approved by the fire chief for use in conjunction with Class I and Class II liquids and shall comply with UFC Section 7903. (3317-1/96) MONITORING: The following procedures are required for monitoring: (3317-1/96) 1. Electronic leak detection that complies with California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 23-2634, shall be required to monitor the interstitial space between the primary and secondary tank. (3317-1/96) 2. All visible exterior surfaces of an aboveground storage tank, including any visible horizontal surface directly beneath the tank, shall be inspected at least daily by direct viewing. The inspection schedule shall be established such that some of the inspections are conducted when the liquids are at their highest level. (3317-1/96) 3. A written statement of the routine monitoring procedures shall be available at the facility and the record shall include the frequency of visual inspections, the location(s) from which observations will be made, the name(s) and title(s) of the person(s) responsible for performing the observations and the reporting format. (3317-1/96) 4. Written records shall be maintained on site for three (3)years. (3317-1/96) PRODUCT DISPENSING: Dispensers shall be equipped with a listed emergency breakaway device designed to retain liquid on both sides of the breakaway point. The devices shall be located at each end of the hose between the nozzle and the pump. Such devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. (See NFPA(TIA) 30) (3317-1/96) DISPENSING: Dispensers shall be equipped with a permanently attached, approved pumping device mounted on top of tank, with an approved hose of an approved length for filling vehicles, equipment or containers. Each tank shall have a pump that is activated/ deactivated when the nozzle is removed and replaced. (UFC Section 79.903(i)) (3317-1/96) PIPE, VALVES,FITTINGS: In addition to other requirements outlined in UFC Section 7901.11, the following shall be required: (3317-1/96) Piping: All piping shall be enclosed in two (2) hour fire protection. Pipes containing liquid are required to be double contained. This includes the base of working and emergency vents and fuel sleeves. Manifold piping to connect multiple tanks is prohibited. (3317-1/96) A fusible link valve, of the type that upon heat activation the valve will close preventing fumes from ignition, shall be required on all openings other than working and emergency vents. The valve shall be approved by the fire chief. (3317-1/96) A fire extinguisher with a minimum classification of 2-A, 20 B:C shall be provided and so located that it will be not more than seventy-five (75) feet from any pump, dispenser or fill pipe opening. (See UFC Section 5202.9)(3317-1/96) TANK LINING: Tank linings are prohibited in the City of Huntington Beach unless approved by the fire chief. (See UFC Section 7902.1.8.2.9). (3430-7/99) SUPPORTS AND FOUNDATIONS: Tanks shall rest on foundations made of concrete, masonry, piling or steel. Tank foundations shall be designed to minimize the possibility of uneven settling of the tank and to minimize corrosion in any part of the tank resting on the foundations. Steel tank supports shall be designed to U.L. Standard 1709. (See UFC Section 7902.1.13) (3317-1/96) ANCHORAGE: Design of Supports: The design of the supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance with well established engineering principles in accordance with the Building Code. (3317-1/96) 1. Tanks shall be so supported as to prevent the excessive concentration of loads on the supporting portion of the shell. (See UFC Section 7902.1.13.5) (3317-1/96) 2. Locations Subject to Flooding: Where a tank is located in an area that may be subjected to flooding, the applicable provisions of UFC Appendix II-B apply. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 3. Seismic Design: The tank supports and connections shall be designed to resist damage as a result of such shocks in accordance with the Building Code. (See UFC Section 7902.1.13.5) (3317-1/96) BARRIER PROTECTION: Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular damage specified as follows: (3317-1/96) 1. Seven (7) foot steel posts, with three (3) feet above and four(4) feet below grade. The post shall be secured in a one (1) foot square concrete footing. (3317-1/96) 2. The post shall be of 1/2" steel (schedule 40) six (6") inch diameter and concrete filled with cap. (3317-1/96) 3. The posts shall be thirty-six (36") inches apart on center. (3317-1/96) 4. The backside of the post shall be a minimum of three (Y) feet from the tank. (3317-1/96) DIKING: The area surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall be provided with drainage or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining property or reaching waterways. (3317-1/96) Exception: When double containment is provided within the construction of the tank, the diking requirements may be waived by the fire chief. (See UFC Section 7901.8)(3317-1/96) VEHICULAR APPROACH PAD: A non-absorbent surface sufficiently covering the vehicle fueling area is required as approved by the fire chief. (3317-1/96) TANK VENTING AND VAPOR RECOVERY: 1. Emergency relief venting shall be in accordance with UFC Section 7902.2.6 and NFPA(TIA) 30A. Emergency relief vents for gasoline primary and secondary tanks shall have a flame arrestor as approved by the fire chief. (3317-1/96) 2. A coaxial breakaway device as approved by the fire chief shall be required on phase II vapor recovery systems. Vapor recovery shall be in accordance with UFC Section 5202.12 and the Air Quality authority having jurisdiction. (3317-1/96) APPROVED WIRING: All installation of electrical wiring and equipment shall be reasonably safe to persons and property. For Class I liquids where electrical wiring and equipment installed, evidence that such wiring and equipment are of the type approved for use in the hazardous locations as set forth in Table 5202.6 and that such wiring and equipment have been installed in accordance with the Electrical Code will be required. (See UFC Section 5202.12.3.11) (3317-1/96) ELECTRICAL CONTROLS: Emergency and routine electrical controls shall comply with the following: (3317-1/96) 1. A clearly labeled manually operated pump master switch shall be provided in an approved location, within seventy-five (75') feet of, but not nearer than fifteen (15') feet to any dispenser. (3317-1/96) 2. Signs identifying the pump master switch shall be clearly labeled "EMERGENCY PUMP SHUTOFF" in four(4") inch high letters with 1/2" strokes. (3317-1/96) 3. Where such master switch is not visible from all dispensers, the location thereof shall be indicated by approved signs. (3317-1/96) 4. A control switch or each individual pump circuit switch shall be set in the "off' position at time of business closure. (3317-1/96) SAFETY RULES: The following safety regulations shall be strictly enforced: (3317-1/96) 1. There shall be no smoking or open flames in the areas used for fueling, servicing internal combustion engines, receiving or dispensing of Class I, H, or III-A liquids. (3317-1/96) 2. There shall be no dispensing into unapproved containers. (See UFC Section 5201.6)(3317-1/96) 3. The engines of all vehicles being fueled shall be stopped. Conspicuous signs prohibiting smoking, prohibiting dispensing into unapproved containers and requiring vehicle engines to be shut off during fueling operations shall be posted at each dispenser. (3317-1/96) 4. Flammable or combustible liquids or any waste liquid containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be discharged into or upon any street, highway drainage canal or ditch, storm drain, sewer, flood-control channel, lake or tidal waterway, or upon the ground. (3317-1/96) 5. Storage is prohibited on top of the tank(s). (3317-1/96) TANK IDENTIFICATION: Aboveground storage tanks over 100 gallons (water capacity) permanently installed, mounted or affixed and used for the storage of Class I, II or III-A liquids shall bear the label or placard in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3 identifying the material within. A placard shall also be installed, mounted or affixed adjacent to the "Emergency Shut-off' sign. (3317-1/96) TANK FILLING OPERATIONS: Delivery operations shall comply with applicable requirements of NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids. 1. The delivery vehicle shall be separated from any aboveground tank by at least twenty-five (25') feet (7.6m). Tank filling shall not begin until the delivery operator has determined tank ullage (available capacity). The delivery hoseline shall not exceed fifty (50') feet. 2. A dry break coupling shall be installed at a point where connection and disconnection is made from the delivery vehicle to any aboveground tank. This device shall be protected from tampering and physical damage. A sign stating "Do not remove or tamper with the Dry Break Coupling" shall be affixed adjacent to the coupling. 3. An overfill-protection system approved by the fire chief is required. The tank shall be equipped with an overspill box to contain any spill at the fill opening during delivery operations. (See NFPA 30A UFC Section 2.4.8.2 to 2.4.8.5) TESTING: All tank and piping shall be tested in a manner acceptable to the fire chief. (See UFC Section 7901.11.10) (3317-1/96) FENCING: Fencing shall be provided for all installations. Fencing shall not be less than six (6) feet in height, constructed of wire mesh, solid metal sheathing or masonry. Fencing shall be so located as to provide protection from tampering or trespassing. Exception: Tanks are not required to be enclosed within a fence if the property on which the tanks are located already has a perimeter security fence. (See UFC Section 7902.3.5)(3317-1/96) MAINTENANCE TESTING: The integrity of the primary and secondary tanks shall be tested annually or after a significant event or possible breach of integrity, by the tank owner or operator using the tank monitoring port. All test results shall be maintained on the premises for three (3)years and shall be made available to the fire chief upon request. (See UFC Section 7902.6.13) (3317-1/96) The tank integrity tests at a minimum shall: 1. Test for vapor in the interstitial space. . 2. Secondary tank-vacuum or pressure procedure approved by the fire chief. COMMUNICATIONS: During hours of operation, the system's site shall be provided with a fire alarm transmitting device. Such a device may be a telephone that is readily available. (See UFC Article 52) (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) SUPERVISION: Where dispensing of Class I, II, or III-A liquids is performed a listed automatic-closing-type nozzle valve shall be used incorporating the following features: (See UFC Section 79.903) 1. The hose nozzle valve shall be equipped with an integral latch-open device. 2. When the flow of product is normally controlled by devices or equipment other than the nozzle valve, the hose nozzle valve shall not be capable of being opened unless the delivery hose is pressurized. If pressure to the hose is lost, the nozzle shall close automatically. Exception: Vapor recovery nozzles incorporating Insertion Interlock devices designed to achieve shut-off upon disconnection with vehicle fill pipe. 3. The hose nozzle shall be designed in such a way that the nozzle is retained in the fill pipe during the filling operation. 4. Supervision: The dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids into a fuel tank of a vehicle or into a container shall at all times be under the supervision of a qualified attendant. Exception: Supervision by a qualified attendant is not required at locations, provided the owner or operator provides and is accountable for: (3317-1/96) a. At least daily site visits. b. Regular equipment inspection and maintenance. c. Conspicuously posting instructions for safe operation of dispensing equipment. d. Posting the phone number of the owner operator. e. A sign in addition to that required in UFC Section 79.903(d) is posted in a conspicuous location stating: IN CASE OF FIRE OR SPILL .....................:....................................... 1. Use Emergency pump shut-off 2. Report the accident .......................... IRE DEPARTMENT#: 911 FACILITIES ADDRESS f. Product delivery hoses from dispensers shall be equipped with a listed emergency breakaway device designed to retain liquid on both sides of the breakaway point. Such double-breakaway devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with manufacturer's instruction. (3317-1/96) 17.56.080 UFC Section 5202.4.5 Dispensing Supervision. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) UFC Section 5202.4.5 Delete #1 and Delete #2. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 6101 6106.4 PART VI SPECIAL EQUIPMENT ARTICLE 61 - OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT SECTION 6101 —SCOPE SECTION 6105—FUEL OIL Oil-burning equipment other than internal combustion engines, The fuel oil used in a burner shall be of a type approved for the oil lamps and portable devices such as blow torches,melting pots burner and in accordance with the burner manufacturer's and weed burners shall be in accordance with Article 61. recommendations. SECTION 6102—GENERAL SECTION 6106—PORTABLE UNVENTED OIL-BURNING HEATING APPLIANCES The design, construction and installation of oil-burning equip- 6106.1 General. The design, construction and use of portable ment shall be in accordance with the Mechanical Code.Oil-burn- unvented oil-burning heating appliances shall be in accordance ing equipment shall be of an approved type. Tanks and piping with Section 6106 and other applicable provisions of this code. serving oil-burning equipment which has been out of service for a period of one year shall be removed from the ground or property or 6106.2 Equipment. Portable unvented oil-burning heating abandoned in place in accordance with Section 7902.1.7.4 of this appliances shall be listed and shall be limited to a fuel tank capac- code. ity of 2 gallons(7.6 L). EXCEPTION: Appliances approved for temporary use during construction processes are allowed to have a greater fuel tank capacity, SECTION 6103—PERMITS provided such capacity does not exceed the terms of the listing of the appliance. A permit is required to remove,abandon,place temporarily out of 6106.3 Location. The use of listed portable unvented oil-burn- service or otherwise dispose of a combustible liquids tank. See ing heating appliances shall be limited to supplemental heating in Section 105.8,permit 0. Group S,Divisions 3,4 and 5 and Group U Occupancies. EXCEPTION: When approved, portable unvented oil-burning SECTION 6104—ELECTRICAL WIRING AND heating appliances may be used in any occupancy during construction EQUIPMENT when such use is necessary for the construction and the use does not represent a hazard to life or property. Electrical wiring and equipment used in connection with oil-burn- 6106.4 Fuel. The grade and type of fuel shall be in accordance ing equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical with the listing for the appliance. Storage and handling of fuel Code. shall be in accordance with Article 79. 1-129 17.56.085 UFC Section 6106.3 Portable Unvented Oil-Burning Heating Devices. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) UFC Section 6106.3 Location- line 3 delete group S, Division 3, 4, and 5. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 6201 6205.5 ARTICLE 62- INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING OVENS SECTION 6201 —SCOPE face temperatures from exceeding 160°F(71.1°C).Exhaust ducts shall not discharge near doors,windows or other air intakes in a Location,construction and operation of industrial baking and dry- manner that will risk reentry of vapors into the building. ing ovens which are heated with oil or gas fuel or which during operation contain flammable.vapors from the products being baked or dried shall be in accordance with Article 62.This article SECTION 6204—VENTILATION provides requirements for the operation of these ovens within cer- tain limitations of control depending on oven design, paint for- 6204.1 General. Ovens in which flammable or toxic vapors are mutation and ventilation requirements. In addition to the liberated or through which products of combustion are circulated requirements of Article 62, industrial baking and drying ovens shall be ventilated by the introduction of fresh air and proper shall comply with UFC Standard 62-1. exhaust to outdoors. Discharge pipes shall not terminate within 10 feet(3048 mm),measured horizontally,from doors,windows or wood frame walls of buildings. Oven ventilation shall be SECTION 6202—PERMITS AND PLANS arranged to provide vigorous and well-distributed air circulation For a permit to operate an oven regulated by Article 62,see Sec- within the oven and to ensure that the flammable vapor tion 105, Permit o.3:Application for a permit shall be accompa- concentration will be below the lower explosive limit at all times. nied by plans showing essential details and calculations Unless the oven is operated in accordance with specific approval demonstrating safe operation. specifying particular solvents and rate of ventilation,the rate of ventilation shall not be less than 10,000 cubic feet of fresh air per gallon of solvent evaporated (74.8 m3/L) in continuous process SECTION 6203—LOCATION AND CONSTRUCTION ovens and not less than 380 cubic feet per minute per gallon(0.047 6203.1 General. When locating ovens,oven heaters and related m3/s per L) of flammable solvent evaporated in batch process equipment, the possibility of fire resulting from overheating or ovens. from the escape of fuel gas or fuel oil and the possibility of damage 6204.2 Duct Intake Openings. Exhaust duct intake openings to the building and injury to persons resulting from explosion shall shall be located in the area of greatest concentration of vapors. be considered. 6204.3 Conveying Means. Exhaust shall be conveyed by me- 6203.2 Elevation. Ovens shall be located at or above grade. chanical means using power-driven fans. EXCEPTION: Ovens are allowed in basements having at least 50 percent of the wall area of the room in which the oven is located above grade. SECTION 6205—SAFETY CONTROLS 6203.3 Clearances. Ovens shall be readily accessible for in- 6205.1 General. Safety controls specified in UFC Standard spection and maintenance and shall have adequate clearances to 62-1 shall be provided in sufficient number and substantially con- allow the proper functioning of explosion vents.Roofs and floors structed and arranged to maintain the required conditions of safety of ovens shall be sufficiently insulated and ventilated to keep and prevent the development of fire and explosion hazards. temperatures at combustible ceilings and floors below 160°F (71.1°C). 6205.2 Ventilation Controls. Suitably interlocked ventilation controls shall be provided which will ensure required ventilation 6203.4 Construction. Ovens with a maximum oven-operating of the system. temperature exceeding 160°F (71.1°C) shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.The amount of insulation used in oven 6205.3 Fuel-safety Controls. Suitably interlocked fuel-safety panel construction shall be adequate to prevent the outside surface controls shall be provided and arranged to minimize the possibil- temperature from exceeding 160°F(71.1°C),or adequate guards ity of dangerous accumulations of explosive air-fuel mixtures in shall be provided to protect personnel. the heating system. 6203.5 Explosion Control. Ovens which could contain flam- 6205.4 Excess Temperature Controls. Excess temperature mable air-gas mixtures shall be equipped with explosion venting. controls shall be provided to maintain a safe operating 6203.E Ducts. Ducts shall be constructed of noncombustible temperature within the oven. material. Ducts shall be tight and shall not have openings other 6205.5 Conveyor Interlocks. Conveyor interlocks shall be pro- than those required for the proper operation and maintenance of vided in conveyor ovens having a flammable vapor hazard such the system. Ducts passing through combustible walls, floors or that the conveyor cannot move unless ventilating fans are operat- roofs shall have adequate insulation and clearances to prevent sur- ing and discharging the required volume of air. 1-131 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 6301 6309 ARTICLE 63- REFRIGERATION SECTION 6301 —SCOPE 6307.2 Valve Operational Procedure. Valves and switches shall be adequately identified as to the sequential procedure to be Refrigeration unit and system installations having a refrigerant followed in the event of an emergency. circuit containing more than 220 pounds(100 kg)of Group Al or 30 pounds (13.6 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be in 6307.3 Control Boxes. Control boxes shall be of iron or steel not accordance with Article 63 and the Mechanical Code. See the less than 0.055 inch(1.4 mm) (16 gage)thickness and provided Mechanical Code for refrigerant group descriptions.See also Sec- with a hinged cover and lock. tions 8001.1.2 and 8002. 6307.4 Identification. Control boxes shall be provided with a EXCEPTION:The chief is authorized to exempt temporary or por- permanent label on the outside cover reading FIRE DEPART- table installations. MENT—EMERGENCY CONTROL BOX and including the name of the refrigerant in the system.Hazard identification in ac- SECTION 6302—CLASSIFICATION cordance with UFC Standard 79-3 and Table A-VI-H-1 if the re- frigerant used is included in this table shall be posted inside and Refrigerants shall be classified into safety groups in accordance outside of the control box. with the Mechanical Code. Refrigerant hazards categories shall be classified as indicated in SECTION 6308—TREATMENT AND FLARING Table A-VI-H-1 if the refrigerant used is included in this table and SYSTEMS FOR DISCHARGE in accordance with Section 8002 otherwise. 6308.1 General. 6308.1.1 Applicability. Refrigeration systems which are SECTION 6303—DEFINITIONS designed to discharge refrigerant vapor to atmosphere shall be For definitions of IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE provided with an approved treatment or flaring system when required by Section 6308.1.Also see Section 6314.1. AND HEALTH (IDLH), LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT (LFL),PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT(PEL)and REFRIG- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Ammonia systems complying with Sec- tion 6309. ERANT,see Article 2.For refrigerant groups,see the Mechanical Code. 2.Ammonia absorption systems serving a single dwelling unit. 6308.1.2 Toxic and highly toxic refrigerants. Systems con- taining refrigerants which are toxic or highly toxic shall discharge SECTION 6304—PERMITS AND PLANS vapor to atmosphere only through an approved treatment system. Treatment systems shall be in accordance with Sections For a permit to install or operate a refrigeration system,see Sec- 8003.3.1.3.5.1,8003.3.1.3.5.2 and 8003.3.1.3.5.3. tion 105,Permit r.2.When required by the chief,applications for permits shall also be in accordance with Section 8001.3. 6308.1.3 Flammable refrigerants. Systems containing refrig- Plans and specifications for devices and systems required by erants which are flammable shall discharge vapor to the atmo- Article 63 shall be submitted to the fire department for review and sphere only through an approved treatment or flaring system. approval prior to installation. Flaring systems shall be in accordance with Section 6308.2. 6308.2 Flaring System Design Requirements. Flaring systems for incineration of flammable refrigerants shall be designed to SECTION 6305—INSTALLATION AND incinerate the entire discharge.The products of refrigerant incin- MAINTENANCE eration shall not pose health or environmental hazards. Incinera- Refrigeration systems shall be installed and maintained in a safe tion shall be automatic upon initiation of discharge, shall be manner which will minimize the life,health and fire hazard of the designed to prevent blowback,and shall not expose structures or installation.Installation shall be in accordance with the Mechani- materials to threat of fire. Standby fuel, such as LP-gas, and cal Code.Also see Sections 6313.5 and 6320.2. standby power shall have the capacity to operate for one and one half the required time for complete incineration of refrigerant in Refrigeration systems shall be safely maintained in an operable the system. condition, free from accumulations of oil, dirt, waste, excessive corrosion,other debris or leaks. SECTION 6309—AMMONIA DISCHARGE Ammonia refrigeration systems shall be provided with an emer- SECTION 6306—ACCESS gency discharge into a tank of water provided exclusively for Refrigeration systems shall be accessible to the fire department at ammonia absorption.At least 1 gallon(3.79 L)of fresh water shall all times as required by the chief. See also Sections 6310.2 be provided for each pound(kg)of ammonia in the system.The and 6315.3. water used shall be prevented from freezing without the use of salt or chemicals by burial below frost depth or other approved means. The tank shall be substantially constructed of not less than 1/8-inch SECTION 6307—EMERGENCY CONTROL BOX (2.51 mm)(10 gage)steel.The horizontal dimensions of the tank shall be equal to or less than one half of the height.The tank shall 6307.1 Location. When required by Article 63 or the Mechani- have a hinged cover or,if of the enclosed type,shall have a vent cal Code, control boxes shall be located outside of the building hole at the top. Pipe connections shall be through the top of the adjacent to a street or at an approved accessible location.All por- tank.The discharge pipe from the pressure-relief valves shall dis- tions of the control box shall be 6 feet(1829 mm)or less above the charge ammonia in the center of the tank near the bottom but not adjoining grade. more than 30 feet(9144 mm)below the surface of the water. 1-133 6309 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 6311.8 EXCEPTION:An emergency discharge is not required for ammo- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Momentary temperature excursions such as M nia-water absorption unit systems installed outdoors serving a dwell- electrical contacts in Group Al and Bl systems. M ing unit provided that the discharge is shielded and dispersed. 2.Refrigeration machinery rooms used exclusively for direct-fired M M absorption equipment. M M SECTION 6310-REFRIGERATION MACHINERY 3.Existing nonconforming installations may be allowed if approved M M ROOMS by the building official when the combustion system is interlocked M M with the refrigerant detection system to shut off at the PEL and the risks M M to the equipment life arising from dissociation products are acknowl- M M 6310.1 When Required. Refrigeration systems shall be pro- edged in writing by the owner. M M vided with a refrigeration machinery room when any of the fol- M M lowing conditions exist: M M SECTION 6311 -REFRIGERATION MACHINERY M M 1. The quantity of refrigerant in a single system exceeds quan- ROOM VENTILATION M M tities specified in the Mechanical Code. M M 6311.1 General. Refrigeration machinery rooms shall be pro- M M 2. Direct-fired absorption equipment. vided with a continuous source of outside air for ventilation and M M EXCEPTION:Direct-and indirect-fired lithium bromide absorp- removal of rejected heat. M M tion systems using water as the refrigerant. M M 6311.2 Distribution of Ventilation. Exhaust inlets or perma- M M 3. A Group Al system,as determined by the Mechanical Code, nent openings shall be located to provide ventilation throughout M M having an aggregate compressor energy of 100 horsepower(351.6 the entire refrigeration machinery room. M M kW)or more. M 6311.3 Intermittent Control of Ventilation Systems. Fans M M 4. The system contains other than a Group Al refrigerant, as providing refrigeration machinery room temperature control or M M determined by the Mechanical Code. automatic response to refrigerant gas in order to maintain con- M M EXCEPTIONS: 1. Lithium bromide absorption systems using centrations below the PEL are allowed to be automatically con- M M water as the refrigerant. trolled to provide intermittent ventilation as conditions require. M M 2.Ammonia-water absorption unit systems installed outdoors,pro- m vided that the quantity of refrigerant in a single system does not exceed 6311.4 Emergency Control of Ventilation Systems. Fans pro- M Table 11-A amounts and the discharge is shielded and dispersed. viding emergency purge ventilation for refrigerant escape shall M 3.Systems containing less than 300 pounds(136 kg)of refrigerant have a clearly identified switch of the break-glass type providing MR-123 and located in an approved exterior location. on-only control immediately adjacent to and outside of each M 4.Systems containing less than 35 pounds(16 kg)of refrigerant refrigerant machinery room means of egress.Purge fans shall also M R-717 and located in an approved exterior location. respond automatically to the refrigerant concentration detection M system set to activate the ventilation system at no more than 25 M 6310.2 Dimensions. Refrigeration machinery rooms shall be of percent of the LFL or 50 percent of the IDLH or a measure equiva- M such dimensions that all system parts are readily accessible with M lent thereto,whichever is less.An emergency purge control shall M adequate space for maintenance and operations.An unobstructed M be provided with a manual reset only. M walking space at least 3 feet (914.4 mm) in width and 6 feet M 8 inches (2032 mm) in height shall be maintained throughout 6311.5 Central Control of Ventilation Systems. Mechanical M allowing free access to at least two sides of all moving machinery ventilation systems shall have switches to control power to each M and approaching each stop valve.Access to refrigeration machin- fan.The switches shall be key operated or within a locked glass- M ery rooms shall be restricted to authorized personnel and posted covered enclosure at an approved location adjacent to and outside M with a permanent sign. of the principal entrance to the machinery room.Necessary keys M shall be located in a single approved location. Switches control- M 6310.3 Means of Egress. Means of egress shall comply with the ling fans providing continuous ventilation shall be of the two- M Building Code for special hazards. position, on/off type. Switches controlling fans providing 6310.4 Refrigerant-vapor Alarms. Machinery rooms shall intermittent or emergency ventilation shall be of the three-posi- have approved refrigerant-vapor dectector or detectors. The de- tion,automatic/on/off type.Switches shall be labeled identifying tector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector,shall be both function and specific fan controlled. Two-colored and located in an area where refrigerant from a leak is likely to concen- labeled indicator lamps responding to the differential pressure trate. The dectector shall activate visual and audible alarms at a created by air flow shall be provided for each switch. One lamp value not greater than one half IDLH,or measurement consistent shall indicate flow,the other shall indicate no flow. therewith, the PEL, or measurement consistent therewith, or 25 6311.6 Ventilation Discharge. Exhaust from mechanical ven- percent of the LFL,whichever is less. tilation systems shall be discharged 20 feet(6096 mm)or more M 6310.5 Separation. Refrigeration machinery rooms shall be from a property line or openings into buildings.Discharges capa- M ble of exceeding 25 percent of the LFL or 50 percent of the IDLH M separated from other portions of the building as required in the shall be equipped with approved treatment systems to reduce the M special hazards provisions of the Building Code. Penetrations discharge concentrations to these values or lower.Also see Sec- M shall be sealed to inhibit the passage of refrigerant vapor.M tion 6308. M6310.6 Combustion Air and Return Air. Combustion air or 6311.7 Fans. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate M M return air shall not be taken from or through a refrigeration the emergency purge of other than Group Al or Group B1 refriger- M M machinery room. ants shall meet the requirements for a Class I,Division 1 hazard- M MEXCEPTIONS: 1. Refrigeration machinery rooms used exclu- ous location as specified in the Electrical Code. M M sively for direct-fired absorption equipment. M M 6311.8 Ventilation Intake. Makeup-air intakes to replace the M 2.Direct-vented combustion equipment. M exhaust air shall be provided to the refrigeration machinery room M M 6310.7 Special Requirements. Open flames or devices having directly from outside the building. Intakes shall be located as M M an exposed surface exceeding 800°F (427°C) are prohibited in required by the Mechanical Code and fitted with backdraft damp- M M refrigeration machinery rooms. ers or similar approved flow-control means to prevent reverse tMw 1-134 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 6311.8 6315.4 M flow.Distribution of makeup air shall be arranged to provide thor- SECTION 6314-REFRIGERATION MACHINERY M M ough mixing within the refrigeration machinery room to prevent ROOM EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS M M short circuiting of the makeup air directly to the exhaust. M 6314.1 General. Equipment, piping, ducts, vents or similar M 6311.9 Ventilation Rate. Ventilation rate shall be in accordance devices which are not essential for the refrigeration process,main- M with the Building and Mechanical codes. tenance of the equipment, or illumination, ventilation or fire M protection of the room shall not be placed in or pass through a M refrigeration machinery room. M M Equipment essential to the refrigeration process often includes, M M SECTION 6312-REFRIGERATED PROCESS AND M M STORAGE AREAS but is not always limited to,the following:refrigeration compres- M M sors; condensing units; pumps, associated piping and automatic M M control valves for refrigerant, condenser water, and brine or M M Refrigerant quantities exceeding the amounts in the Mechanical M chilled water;refrigeration control devices and panels;machinery M M Code (see UMC Table 11-A) in evaporators and piping within M room ventilation equipment; cooling towers or portions thereof; M M rooms or spaces used exclusively for processing or storage of M M refrigerant receivers and accumulators; refrigerant vapor-detec- M M materials under refrigerated conditions shall not be limited pro- M M tion and alarm systems; machinery room fire sprinkler system M M vided that means of egress is provided in accordance with the M M exclusive of its shutoff valves;machinery room lighting and serv- M M Building Code for special hazards and: ice receptacles;and motor control centers and electrical panels for M M 1. The refrigerated room or space is equipped with a refrigerant machinery room systems. M M M M 6314.2 Electrical. Electrical equipment and installations shall vapor-detection and alarm system complying with Section 6313, M M and comply with the Electrical Code. The refrigeration machinery M M 2. The refrigerated room or space is sealed from all other por- room shall not be required to be classified as a hazardous location M M tions of the building by vaportight construction and tightfitting, for electrical equipment except as provided in the Mechanical M M gasketed doors. Code and Article 63. M M EXCEPTION:Adjoining refrigerated rooms. 6314.3 Storage. Storage of materials in a refrigeration machin- M ery room shall be in accordance with other applicable articles of M this code. M M SECTION 6313-DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS 6314.4 Emergency Control. A clearly identified switch of the M break-glass type providing off-only control of electrically ener- M 6313.1 General. When required by this article,approved refrig- erant vapor-detection devices shall be connected to alarm systems gized equipment and devices within the refrigeration machinery M room shall be provided immediately adjacent to and outside of M utilizing listed fire alarm signaling devices capable of generating a M each refrigeration machinery room means of egress. In addition, M sound level of at least 15 dB above the operating ambient sound M emergency shutoff shall also be automatically activated when the M pressure level of the space in which they are installed and provid- concentration of refrigerant vapor exceeds 25 percent of the LFL. M ing an approved, distinctive audible and visual alarm. See Sec- M tions 6314.1 and 8003.1.10. M SECTION 6315-REFRIGERANT CONTROL VALVES M 6313.2 Detection Thresholds. M 6315.1 Location. Stop valves shall be installed in the refrigerant M 6313.2.1 Alarm. Refrigerant vapor alarms shall be activated piping of a refrigeration system at the following locations: M whenever the refrigerant vapor PEL is exceeded. 1. At the inlet and outlet of a positive-displacement-type com- M pressor,compressor unit or condensing unit, M 6313.2.2 Automatic shutdown. In other than machinery rooms, M such systems shall also automatically stop the flow of refrigerant 2. At the refrigerant outlet from a liquid receiver,and M to evaporators within the space and stop the flow of refrigerant in 3. At the refrigerant inlet of a pressure vessel containing liquid M all supply lines leaving the machinery room whenever the refrig- refrigerant and having an internal gross volume exceeding 3 cubic M erant vapor concentration is detected at or above 50 percent of the feet(85 L). M IDLH or 25 percent of the LFL. Detection of refrigerant vapor EXCEPTIONS: 1.Systems with nonpositive-displacement com- M concentrations at or above 25 percent of the LFL shall automati- ressors. M call de-energize electrical power within the space which does not p Y g P P 2.Systems having a pump-out receiver for storage of the charge. M meet the requirements for a Class I,Division 1,Group D electrical 3.Systems containing less than 110 pounds(50 kg)of Group At M installation. refrigerant. M 4.Self-contained systems do not require a stop valve at the inlet of M 6313.3 Power and Supervision. Detection and alarm systems the receiver. M shall be powered and supervised as required for fire alarm systems M in accordance with UFC Standard 10-2. 6315.2 Support. Stop valves installed in copper refrigerant M lines of 3/4 inch(19 mm)or less outside diameter shall be securely M 6313.4 Monitoring and Annunciation. Detection and alarm supported independently of the tubing or piping. M systems shall be remotely annunciated at an approved constantly 6315.3 Access. Stop valves required by Section 6315 shall be M attended location as required for fire alarm systems in accordance readily accessible from the refrigeration machinery room floor or M with Article 10. a level platform. M M 6313.5 Installation and Maintenance. Detection and alarm 6315.4 Identification. Stop valves shall be identified by tagging M systems shall be installed and maintained as required for fire in accordance with Section 6319.A valve chart shall be mounted M alarm systems in accordance with Article 10 and UFC Standards under glass at an approved location near the principal entrance to a M 10-2 and 10-4.Also see Section 6320.1. refrigeration machinery room. M 1-135 6315.5 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 6324 M 6315.5 Piping Identification. Piping shall be identified in 5. Detection and alarm systems. M accordance with Section 6319.The type of refrigerant,function M Fire alarm systems shall be tested in accordance with UFC M and pressure shall be indicated. Standard 10-2. M M 6320.2 Periodic Testing. The following emergency devices or M SECTION 6316—PROTECTION FROM MECHANICAL systems shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturer's M DAMAGE instructions and as required by the chief: MRefrigeration systems and portions thereof shall not be located in 1. Treatment and flaring systems, M an elevator shaft, dumbwaiter shaft or a shaft having moving 2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of M objects therein, nor in a location where they will be subject to emergency refrigeration control boxes, M mechanical damage.Equipment subject to vehicular damage shall M be protected in accordance with Section 8001.11.3. 3. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emer- gency purge ventilation systems, SECTION 6317—ELECTRICAL 4. Detection and alarm systems.See Section 6313.5. 6317.1 General. Electrically energized components of refrig- Also see Section 6305. eration systems shall conform to the Electrical Code.See also Sec- 6320.3 Records. A written record of required testing shall be tion 6314.2. maintained on the premises. 6317.2 Secondary Source. When treatment,detection or alarm 6320.4 Frequency of Testing. Unless otherwise required by the systems are required,such systems shall be connected to a second- chief, testing frequency shall be in accordance with Sec- ary source of power to automatically supply electrical power in tion 6320.2. the event of loss of power from the primary source.See the Electri- 6320.5 Personnel Qualifications. Tests of emergency devices cal Code. or systems required by Article 63 shall be conducted by approved persons. SECTION 6318—INSTRUCTIONS The person in charge of premises on which a refrigeration unit or SECTION 6321 —NOTIFICATION OF DISCHARGES system is installed shall provide an approved card located in the The fire department shall be notified immediately upon discharge emergency control box designating: of refrigerant,whether automatic or manual.Refrigerant shall not 1. Instructions for suspending operation of the system in the be discharged except in an emergency.Notification shall comply event of an emergency, with Section 8001.5.2.2. 2. The name, address and emergency telephone numbers to EXCEPTIONS: 1. Refrigeration systems operating at pressures obtain emergency service, below atmospheric and incorporating automatic purge cycles. 3. The name,address and telephone number of the fire depart- 2•Incidental operation of automatic pressure-relief valves resulting in minor release of the refrigerant charge. ment with instructions to notify the fire department in the event of 3.Incidental minor releases associated with service operations after an emergency,and system pump down has been accomplished. 4. The location and operation of emergency discharge systems when such systems are required by Article 63. SECTION 6322—STORAGE, HANDLING AND USE Flammable and combustible materials shall not be stored in SECTION 6319—EMERGENCY SIGNS AND LABELS machinery rooms. Storage,use and handling of extra refrigerant Refrigeration units or systems shall be provided with approved or refrigerant oils shall be as required by other articles of this code. emergency signs, charts and labels in accordance with the Me- See Articles 74,75,79 and 80 for storage,use and handling other chanical Code and UFC Standard 79-3.See also Appendix VI-H. than within refrigeration systems. IHazard signals shall be in accordance with Table A-VI-H-1 if the EXCEPTION:Spare parts,tools and incidental materials neces- refrigerant used is included in this table. sary for the safe and proper operation and maintenance of the system. SECTION 6320—TESTING OF EQUIPMENT SECTION 6323—CHANGING OF REFRIGERANT TYPE 6320.1 Acceptance Testing. The following emergency devices Refrigerant types shall not be changed without prior notification or systems shall be tested to demonstrate their safety and effec- and approval of the chief. tiveness upon completion or alteration: 1. Treatment and flaring systems, SECTION 6324—RECORDS 2. Ammonia diffusion systems, The person in charge of the premises on which a refrigeration unit 3. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of or system subject to these regulations is installed or maintained emergency refrigeration control boxes, shall keep a written record of refrigerant quantities brought onto 4. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emer- and removed from the premises.Such records shall be available to gency purge ventilation systems,and the fire department. 1-136 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 6401 6404.9 ARTICLE 64-STATIONARY LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEMS SECTION 6401 —SCOPE other portions of the building by a two-hour fire-resistive occu- Stationary lead-acid battery systems having a liquid capacity of pancy separation. more than 100 gallons(378.5 L)used for facility standby power, 6404.4 Spill Control. Each rack of batteries,or group of racks emergency power or uninterrupted power supplies shall be in ac- shall be provided with a liquid-tight 4-inch(101.6 mm)spill-con- cordance with Article 64. Stationary lead-acid battery systems trol barrier which extends at least 1 inch (25.4 mm)beyond the with individual lead-acid batteries exceeding 20 gallons(75.7 L) battery rack in all directions. each shall also comply with Article 80. 6404.5 Neutralization. An approved method to neutralize spilled electrolyte shall be provided.The method shall be capable SECTION 6402—DEFINITIONS of neutralizing a spill from the largest lead-acid battery to a pH be- For definitions of BATTERY,LEAD-ACID and BATTERY SYS- tween 7.0 and 9.0. TEM,STATIONARY LEAD-ACID,see Article 2. 6404.6 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the Mechanical Code and the following: SECTION 6403—PERMITS 1. The ventilation system shall be designed to limit the maxi- 6403.1 General. For a permit to install or operate battery sys- mum concentration of hydrogen to 1.0 percent of the total volume tems with stationary lead-acid batteries, see Section 105.8, of the room in accordance with nationally recognized standards, Permit b.1. or 2. Continuous ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less 6403.2 Design Submittals. Prior to installation, plans shall be than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot(5.1 m3/s per m2)of submitted and approved. floor area of the room. SECTION 6404—INSTALLATION AND 6404.7 Signs. Doors into rooms or buildings containing station- MAINTENANCE ary lead-acid battery systems shall be provided with approved signs.The signs shall state that the room contains lead-acid battery 6404.1 General. Installation and maintenance of battery sys- systems, that the battery room contains energized electrical cir- tems shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards. cuits and that the battery electrolyte solutions are corrosive liq- See Section 9003,Standards a.2.10 and a.2.11,and Section 6404. uids. 6404.2 Safety Venting. Batteries shall be provided with safety 6404.8 Seismic Protection. Battery systems shall be seismical- venting caps. ly braced in accordance with the Building Code. 6404.3 Occupancy Separation. In other than Groups A, E, I 6404.9 Smoke Detection. An approved automatic smoke detec- and R Occupancies,battery systems shall be located in a room sep- tion system shall be installed in such areas and supervised by an arated from other portions of the building by a minimum one-hour approved central,proprietary or remote station service or a local fire-resistive occupancy separation.In Groups A,E,I and R Occu- alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended pancies,battery systems shall be located in a room separated from location. 1-137 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7401 7401.7.3 PART VII SPECIAL SUBJECTS ARTICLE 74-COMPRESSED GASES SECTION 7401 —GENERAL 7401.6 Security. 7401.1 Scope. Storage,use and handling of compressed gases in 7401.6.1 General. Compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks and systems shall be and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and in accordance with Article 74, including those gases regulated against access by unauthorized personnel in accordance with Sec- elsewhere in this code. Partially full compressed gas containers, tion 7401.6. cylinders or tanks containing residual gases shall be considered as 7401.6.2 Security of areas. The storage, use and handling of full for the purposes of the controls required. compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks and systems shall be 1� EXCEPTION:Gases within approved refrigeration systems com- safeguarded in accordance with Section 8001.11.2. plying with the Mechanical Code are not regulated by Article 74.See Article 63. 7401.6.3 Physical protection. Compressed gas containers,cyl- For requirements pertaining to bulk oxygen systems at indus- inders, tanks and systems which could be exposed to physical trial and institutional consumer sites,see UFC Standard 80-2. damage shall be protected. Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks For requirements pertaining to cutting and welding, see and systems indoors and outdoors from vehicular damage.When Article 49. such guards are provided,see Section 8001.11.3 for design crite- For requirements pertaining to CNG,see Article 52. ria. For requirements pertaining to cryogenic fluids,see Article 75. 7401.6.4 Securing compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks. Compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks shall be For requirements pertaining to compressed gases classified as secured to prevent falling due to contact, vibration or seismic hazardous materials,see Article 80. activity. Securing of compressed gas containers, cylinders and For requirements pertaining to LP-gas,see Article 82. tanks shall be by one of the following methods: 7401.2 Definitions. For definitions Of.COMPRESSED GAS, EXCEPTION:Compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks in the process of examination,filling,transport or servicing. COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER, COMPRESSED GAS 1. Securing containers, cylinders and tanks to a fixed object SYSTEM,DOT,FLAMMABLE GAS,FLAMMABLE LIQUE- FIED GAS,HANDLING,NESTING and USE,see Article 2. with one or more restraints. 2. Securing containers, cylinders and tanks on a cart or other 7401.3 Permits. Permits are required to store,transport on site, mobile device designed for the movement of compressed gas con- dispense,use or handle compressed gases in excess of quantities tainers,cylinders or tanks. specified in Section 105,Permit c.7. 3. Nesting of compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks at 7401.4 Containers, Cylinders and Tanks. Compressed gas container filling or servicing facilities or in seller's warehouses containers, cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance with Sec- not accessible to the public.Nesting shall be allowed provided the tion 8001.4.Compressed gas containers,cylinders or tanks which nested containers,cylinders or tanks,if dislodged,do not obstruct are not designed for refillable use shall not be refilled after use of the required means of egress. the original contents. 4. Securing of compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks 7401.5 Marking. to or within a rack, framework, cabinet or similar assembly designed for such use. 7401.5.1 General. Compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks 7401.7 Valve Protection. and systems shall be marked in accordance with nationally recog- nized standards and in accordance with Section 7401.5. See 7401.7.1 General. Compressed gas container,cylinder and tank Article 90,Standards a.2.1 and c.1.1. valves shall be protected from physical damage by means of pro- tective caps, collars or similar devices in accordance with Sec- 7401.5.2 Stationary compressed gas containers, cylinders tion 7401.7. and tanks. Stationary compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks shall be marked in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3. 7401.7.2 Compressed gas container,cylinder or tank protec- Markings shall be visible from any direction of approach. tive caps or collars. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks designed for protective caps, collars or other protective 7401.5.3 Piping systems. Markings used for piping systems devices shall have the caps or devices in place except when the shall consist of the content's name and include a direction of flow containers,cylinders or tanks are in use or are being serviced or arrow.Markings shall be provided at each valve;at wall,floor or filled. ceiling penetrations; at each change of direction; and at a mini- mum of every 20 feet(6096 mm)or fraction thereof throughout 7401.7.3 Caps and plugs. Compressed gas containers, cylin- the piping run. ders and tanks designed for valve protection caps or other protec- tive devices shall have the caps or devices attached.When outlet EXCEPTION:Piping which could carry more than one gas at vari- caps o.r plugs are installed,they shall be in place. ous times shall have appropriate signs or markings posted at the man- ifold, along the piping and at each point of use to provide clear EXCEPTION:When compressed gas containers, cylinders or identification and warning. tanks are in use,being serviced or being filled. 1-139 7401.8 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7402.2.2.1 7401.8 Separation from Hazardous Conditions. by trained personnel in accordance with nationally recognized 7401.8.1 General. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and standards. See Article 90,Standard u.3.3. tanks and systems in storage or use shall be separated from materi- 7401.11 Unauthorized Use. Compressed gas containers,cylin- als and conditions which present exposure hazards to or from each ders, tanks and systems shall not be used for any purpose other other.Compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks and systems in than to serve as a vessel for containing the product which it is storage or use shall be separated in accordance with Section designed to contain. 7401.8. 7401.12 Exposure to Fire. Compressed gas containers, cylin- 7401.8.2 Incompatible materials. Compressed gas containers, ders and tanks which have been exposed to fire shall be removed from service.Containers,cylinders and tanks so removed shall be cylinders and tanks shall be separated from each other based on handled by approved qualified persons. the hazard class of their contents.Compressed gas containers,cyl- inders and tanks shall be separated from incompatible materials in 7401.13 Leaks, Damage or Corrosion. Leaking, damaged or accordance with Section 8001.11.8. corroded compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks shall be removed from service. Leaking, damaged or corroded com- 7401.8.3 Combustible waste,vegetation and similar materi- pressed gas systems shall be replaced or repaired in accordance als. Combustible waste,vegetation and similar materials shall be with the following: kept a minimum of 10 feet(3048 mm)from compressed gas con- 1. Compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks which have tainers,cylinders, tanks and systems.An unpierced noncombus- been removed from service shall be handled in an approved man- tible barrier extending not less than 18 inches(457 mm)above and ner. to the front and rear of the area of storage or use is allowed in lieu of such distance. P 2 Compressed gas systems which are determined to be leak- ing,damaged or corroded shall be repaired to a serviceable condi- 7401.8.4 Ledges, platforms and elevators. Compressed gas tion or removed from service. containers,cylinders and tanks shall not be placed near elevators, 7401.14 Surface of Unprotected Storage or Use Areas. unprotected platform ledges or other areas where falling would Unless otherwise specified,compressed gas containers,cylinders result in compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks being and tanks are allowed to be stored or used without being placed allowed to drop distances exceeding one half the height of the con- under overhead cover.(See Section 7401.15.)To prevent bottom tainer,cylinder or tank. corrosion,containers,cylinders and tanks shall be protected from 7401.8.5 Temperature extremes. Compressed gas containers, direct contact with soil or unimproved surfaces.The surface of the cylinders and tanks, whether full or partially full, shall not be area on which the containers are placed shall be graded to prevent exposed to artificially created high temperatures exceeding 125°F accumulation of water. (51.7°C) or subambient (low) temperatures unless designed for 7401.15 Overhead Cover. Compressed gas containers, cylin- use under the exposed conditions. ders and tanks are allowed to be stored or used in the sun except in locations where extreme temperatures prevail. When extreme 7401.8.6 Falling objects. Compressed gas containers, cylin- temperatures prevail,overhead covers shall be provided. ders,tanks and systems shall not be placed in areas where they are likely to be damaged by falling objects. 7401.16 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial lighting means shall be provided in accordance with Sec- 7401.8.7 Heating. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tion 8004.1.9. tanks,whether full or partially full,shall not be heated by devices which could raise the surface temperature of the container,cylin- SECTION 7402—STORAGE der or tank to above 125°F(51.7°C).Heating devices shall be in 7402.1 General. accordance with the Mechanical and Electrical codes.Approved heating methods involving temperatures of less than 125°F 7402.1.1 Applicability. The storage of compressed gas contain- (51.7°C) are allowed to be used by trained personnel. Devices ers,cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7402. designed to maintain individual compressed gas containers,cylin- 7402.1.2 Upright storage. Liquefied gas compressed gas con- ders or tanks at constant temperature shall be approved and shall tainers,cylinders and tanks,except those designed for use in a hor- be designed to be fail safe. izontal position,and all compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks containing nonliquefied gases shall be stored in a"valve end 7401.8 Sources of ignition. Open flames and high-tempera- up"upright position.An upright position shall include conditions to devices shall not be used in a manner which creates ahazard- where the container,cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as ous condition. 45 degrees from the vertical. 7401.8.9 Exposure to chemicals. Compressed gas containers, EXCEPTIONS: 1. Compressed gas containers with a water vol- cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be exposed to corrosive ume less than 1.3 gallons(5 L)are allowed to be stored in a horizontal chemicals or fumes which could damage containers, cylinders, position. tanks,valves or valve-protective caps. 2. Cylinders,containers and tanks containing nonflammable gases I or cylinders,containers and tanks containing nonliquefied flammable 7401.9 Wiring and Equipment. Electrical wiring and equip- gases,which have been secured to a pallet for transportation purposes. ment shall be in accordance with the Electrical Code. 7402.2 Material-specific Regulations. Compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks and systems shall 7402.2.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of compressed gases not be located where they could become part of an electrical cir- shall be in accordance with the material-specific provisions of cuit. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems Section 8003. shall not be used for electrical grounding. 7402.2.2 Exterior storage. 7401.10 Service and Repair. Service, repair, modification or 7402.2.2.1 General. Exterior storage of compressed gases shall removal of valves, pressure-relief devices or other compressed be in accordance with the material-specific provisions of Sec- gas container,cylinder or tank appurtenances shall be performed tion 8003. 1-140 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7402.2.2.2 7404.2.1.4 7402.2.2.2 Separation. Distances from property lines, build- 7403.3 Handling. ings and exposures shall be in accordance with the material- 7403.3.1 Application. The handling of compressed gas contain- specific provisions of Section 8003. ers, cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance with Sec- tion 7403.3. SECTION 7403—USE AND HANDLING 7403.3.2 Carts and trucks. Containers, cylinders and tanks 7403.1 General. shall be moved using an approved method.Where containers,cyl- inders or tanks are moved by hand cart,hand truck or other mobile 7403.1.1 Applicability. The use and handling of compressed device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be in accord- secure movement of containers, cylinders or tanks. Carts and ance with Section 7403. trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers,cylin- ders and tanks within buildings shall be in accordance with Sec- 7403.1.2 Compressed gas systems. Compressed gas systems tion 8001.12.3. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by per- compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks exterior to build- sons competent in such design.Where nationally recognized good ings shall be designed so that the containers,cylinders and tanks practices or standards have been established for the process will be secured against dropping or otherwise striking violently employed,such practices and standards shall be followed.Com- against each other or other surfaces. pressed gas equipment, machinery and processes shall be in accordance with Section 8001.4.4. 7403.3.3 Lifting devices. Ropes, chains or slings shall not be used to suspend compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks 7403.1.3 Controls. Compressed gas system controls shall be unless provisions at time of manufacture have been made on the designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or container, cylinder or tank for appropriate lifting attachments, reaction systems at other than the intended time, rate or path. such as lugs. Automatic controls shall be designed to be fail safe. 7403.1.4 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing,valves,fit- SECTION 7404—MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS tings and pressure regulators,shall be in accordance with Sections 7404.1 General. Compressed gases at hospitals and similar fa- 7403 and 8001.4.3.Piping,tubing,pressure regulators,valves and cilities intended for inhalation or sedation including,but not lim- other apparatus shall be kept gas-tight to prevent leakage. ited to, analgesia systems for dentistry, podiatry, veterinary and 7403.1.5 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems similar uses shall be in accordance with Section 7404 in addition shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be accessible.Valve to other requirements of Article 74. handles or operators for required shutoff valves shall not be 7404.2 Supply Location. removed or otherwise altered to prevent access. 7404.2.1 Interior supply location. 7403.1.6 Venting. Venting of gases shall be directed to an approved location. Venting shall be in accordance with the 7404.2.1.1 General. Medical gases shall be stored in areas dedi- Mechanical Code. cated to the storage of such gases without other storage or uses. When containers of medical gases in quantities greater than the 7403.1.7 Upright use. Liquefied gas compressed gas contain- permit amount are located inside buildings,they shall be in a one- ers,cylinders and tanks,except those designed for use in a hori- hour exterior room, a one-hour interior room or a gas cabinet in zontal position,and all compressed gas containers,cylinders and accordance with Section 7404.2.1.2,7404.2.1.3 or 7404.2.1.4. tanks containing nonliquefied gases shall be used in a"valve end up"upright position.An upright position shall include conditions 7404.2.1.2 One-hour exterior rooms. A one-hour exterior where the container,cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as room shall be a room or enclosure separated from the rest of the 45 degrees from the vertical.Nonflammable liquefied gases may building by not less than one-hour-rated fire-resistive construc- be used in the inverted position when the liquid phase is used,pro- tion.Openings between the room or enclosure and interior spaces vided that the container,cylinder or tank is properly secured and shall be self-closing smoke-and draft-control assemblies having a the dispensing apparatus is designed for liquefied gas use. fire-protection rating of not less than one hour.Rooms shall have at least one exterior wall which is provided with at least two vents. EXCEPTION: Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks Each vent shall not be less than 36 square inches(0.023 m2) in with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons(5 L)are allowed to be used in a horizontal position. area.One vent shall be within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the floor and one shall be within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the ceiling.Containers 7403.1.8 Transfer. Transfer of gases between containers,cylin- of medical gases shall be provided with at least one fire sprinkler ders and tanks shall be performed by qualified personnel using to provide container cooling in case of fire. equipment and operating procedures in accordance with nation- ally recognized standards.See Article 90,Standard c.1.2. 7404.2.1.3 One-hour interior room. When an exterior wall cannot be provided for the room, automatic sprinklers shall be 7403.1.9 Use of compressed gas for inflation. Inflatable equip- installed within the room.The room shall be exhausted through a ment,devices or balloons shall only be pressurized or filled with duct to the exterior.Makeup air to the room shall be taken from the compressed air or inert gases. exterior.Both separate air streams shall be enclosed in a one-hour- 7403.2 Material-specific Regulations. rated shaft enclosure from the room to the exterior. Approved mechanical ventilation shall be in accordance with the Mechani- 7403.2.1 Indoor use. In addition to the requirements of Section cal Code and provided at a minimum rate of 1 cubic foot per min- 7403,indoor use of compressed gases shall be in accordance with ute per square foot(5.1 L/s per m2)of the area of the room. material-specific provisions of Section 8004. 7404.2.1.4 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be in accordance 7403.2.2 Exterior use. In addition to the requirements of Sec- With the following: tion 7403,exterior use of compressed gases shall be in accordance 1. Operated at a negative pressure in relation to surrounding with material-specific provisions of Section 8004. area, 1-141 7404.2.1.4 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7404.2.3 2. Provided with self-closing limited-access ports or noncom- 6. Internally sprinklered. bustible windows to give access to equipment controls.The aver- 7404.2.2 Exterior supply locations. Oxidizer medical gas sys- age velocity of ventilation at the face of access ports or windows shall not be less than 200 feet per minute(61 m/min.)with a mini- tems located on the exterior of a building with quantities greater mum of 150 feet per minute(45.7 m/min.)at any point of the ac- than the permit amount shall be located in accordance with Sec- cess port or window, tion 8004. 3. Connected to an exhaust system, 7404.2.3 Medical gas systems. Medical gas systems including, 4. Provided with a self-closing door, but not limited to,distribution piping,supply manifolds,connec- tions,pressure regulators,and relief devices and valves,shall be in 5. Constructed of not less than 0.097-inch(2.46 mm)(12 gage) accordance with UFC Standard 74-1 and the general provisions of steel,and Article 74. 1-142 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7501 7501.5.7 ARTICLE 75-CRYOGENIC FLUIDS SECTION 7501 —GENERAL 3. Description showing dimensions and materials used in 7501.1 Scope. Storage, use and handling of cryogenic fluids construction; shall be in accordance with Article 75. Partially full containers 4.Design pressure,maximum operating pressure and test pres- having residual cryogenic fluids shall be considered as full for the sure; purposes of the controls required. 5.Type,size and setting of pressure relief devices;and EXCEPTION:Fluids within an approved closed-cycle refrigera- 6. Other data requested by the chief. tion system complying with the Mechanical Code are not regulated by Article 75.See Article 63. 7501.4.3 Concrete containers. Concrete containers shall be For requirements pertaining to oxidizing cryogenic fluids,see built in accordance with the Building Code.Barrier materials and UFC Standard 80-2.Common oxidizing cryogenic fluids include membranes used in connection with concrete,but not functioning structurally,shall be compatible with the materials contained. oxygen. For requirements pertaining to flammable cryogenic fluids,see 7501.4.4 Foundations and supports. Containers shall be pro- UFC Standard 80-3. Common flammable cryogenic fluids vided with substantial concrete or masonry foundations,or struc- tural steel supports on firm concrete or masonry foundations. Containers shall be supported to prevent the concentration of ex- Liquefied natural gas(LNG)is not regulated by this article.For cessive loads on the supporting portion of the shell.Foundations requirements pertaining to liquefied natural gas,see Section 9003, for horizontal containers shall be constructed to accommodate ex- Standard n.2.2. pansion and contraction of the container. Foundations shall be For requirements pertaining to inert cryogenic fluids,see UFC provided to support the weight of vaporizers or heat exchangers. Standard 80-4. Common inert cryogenic fluids include argon, 7501.4.4.1 Temperature effects. When container foundations helium and nitrogen. or supports are subject to exposure to temperatures below—150°F For requirements pertaining to cryogenic fluids classified as (-101°C), the foundations or supports shall be constructed of hazardous materials,see Article 80. materials to withstand the low-temperature effects of cryogenic For a table of weight and volume equivalents to convert gallons fluid spillage. of liquid to cubic feet of gas and similar units of measure, see 7501.4.4.2 Corrosion protection. Portions of containers in Appendix VI-I. contact with foundations or saddles shall be painted to protect against corrosion. 7501.2 Definitions. 7501.5 Pressure-relief Devices. 7501.2.1 General. For definitions of CRYOGENIC FLUID, 7501.5.1 General. Pressure-relief devices shall be provided to CRYOGENIC VESSEL, DESIGN PRESSURE and SYSTEM, protect containers and systems containing cryogenic fluids from see Article 2. rupture in the event of overpressure in accordance with Section 7501.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 75, 7501.5. Pressure-relief devices shall be designed in accordance certain terms are defined as follows: with nationally recognized standards. See Section 9003, Stand- CONTAINER is a cryogenic vessel used for transportation, ards c.1.3,c.1.4 and c.1.5. handling or storage. 7501.5.2 Containers. Containers shall be provided with pres- OPERATING PRESSURE is the pressure at which a system sure-relief devices. operates. EXCEPTION:Portable containers in open use. 7501.5.3 Vessels or equipment other than containers. Heat 7501.3 Permits. For a permit to store, transport on site, dis- exchangers, vaporizers, insulation casings surrounding contain- pense,use or handle cryogenic fluids,see Section 105,Permit c.9. ers,vessels and coaxial piping systems in which liquefied cryo- EXCEPTION:Permits are not required for vehicles equipped for genic fluids could be trapped due to leakage from the primary and using cryogenic fluids as the primary fuel for propelling the vehicle container shall be provided with a pressure-relief device. or for refrigerating the lading. 7501.5.4 Sizing. Pressure-relief devices shall be sized in 7501.4 Containers. accordance with the specifications to which the container was fab- 7501.4.1 General. Containers employed for storage or use of ricated.The relief device shall have sufficient capacity to prevent cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with Sections 7501.4 the maximum design pressure of the container or system from be- and 8004.1.2. ing exceeded. 7501.4.2 Nonstandard containers. Containers,equipment and 7501.5.5 Accessibility. Pressure-relief devices shall be located devices which are not in compliance with recognized standards such that they are readily accessible for inspection and repair. for design and construction may be approved upon presentation of 7501.5.6 Arrangement. Pressure-relief devices shall be ar- satisfactory evidence that they are designed and constructed for ranged to discharge unobstructed to the open air in such a manner safe operation. as to prevent impingement of escaping gas on personnel,contain- The following data shall be submitted to the chief with refer- ers,equipment and adjacent structures or to enter enclosed spaces. ence to the deviation from the standard with the application for EXCEPTION:DOT-specified containers with an internal volume approval: of 2 cubic feet(0.057m3)or less. 1.Type and use of container,equipment or device; 7501.5.7 Shutoffs between pressure-relief devices and con- tainers. Shutoff valves shall not be installed between pressure- 2.Material to be stored,used or transported; relief devices and containers. 1-143 7501.5.7 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7501.9.3 EXCEPTION:A shutoff valve is allowed on containers equipped 7501.8 Security. with multiple pressure-relief device installations where the arrange- ment of the valves will provide the full required flow through the mini- 7501.8.1 General. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be mum number of required relief devices at all times. secured against accidental dislodgment and against access by un- 7501.5.8 Temperature limits. Pressure-relief devices shall not authorized personnel in accordance with Section 7501.8. be subjected to cryogenic fluid temperatures except when operat- 7501.8.2 Security of areas. Containers and systems shall be ing. safeguarded in accordance with Section 8001.11.2. 7501.6 Pressure-relief Vent Piping. 7501.8.3 Securing of containers. Stationary containers shall be 7501.6.1 General. Pressure-relief vent piping systems shall be secured to foundations in accordance with the Building Code.Por- constructed and arranged so as to remain functional and direct the table containers subject to shifting or upset shall be secured.Nest- ing is allowed as a means of securing containers. flow of gas to a safe location in accordance with Section 7501.6. 7501.8.4 Securing of vaporizers. Vaporizers, heat exchangers 7501.6.2 Sizing. Pressure-relief device vent piping shall have a and similar equipment shall be anchored to a suitable foundation, cross-sectional area not less than that of the pressure-relief device and its connecting piping shall be sufficiently flexible to provide vent opening and shall be arranged to not unduly restrict the flow for the effects of expansion and contraction due to temperature of escaping gas. changes. 7501.6.3 Arrangement. Pressure-relief device vent piping and 7501.8.5 Physical protection. Containers,piping,valves,pres- drains in vent lines shall be arranged so that escaping gas will dis- sure-relief devices, regulating equipment and other appurte- charge unobstructed to the open air and not impinge on personnel, nances shall be protected against physical damage and against containers, equipment and adjacent structures or enter enclosed tampering. spaces.Pressure-relief device vent lines shall be installed in such a manner to exclude or remove moisture and condensation and pre- 7501.9 Separation from Hazardous Conditions. vent malfunction of the pressure-relief device due to freezing or 7501.9.1 General. Cryogenic containers and systems in storage ice accumulation. or use shall be separated from materials and conditions which 7501.7 Marking. present exposure hazards to or from each other in accordance with Section 7501.9. 7501.7.1 General. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be 7501.9.2 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be marked in accordance with nationally recognized standards and in separated from exposure hazards in accordance with the UFC accordance with Section 7501.7. See Section 9003, Standards standard applicable to the type of fluid contained and the mini- a.2.1 and c.l.l. mum separation distances indicated in Table 7501.9.2-A.See Sec- 7501.7.2 Identification signs. Visible hazard identification tion 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. signs shall be provided at entrances to buildings or areas in which cryogenic fluids are stored, handled or used in accordance with TABLE 7501.9.2-A—MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE Section 8001.7. BETWEEN STATIONARY CONTAINERS AND EXPOSURES 7501.7.3 Identification of contents. Stationary aboveground MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) containers shall be placarded and the contents shall be identified EXPOSURE x 304.8 for mm in accordance with the requirements of Section 8003.1.2.Portable Buildings,regardless of 1 containers shall be identified in accordance with nationally recog- construction type nized standards. See Section 9003,Standard c.l.l. Wall openings 1 Air intakes 10 7501.7.4 Identification of containers. Stationary containers Property lines 5 shall be identified with the manufacturing specification and maxi- mum allowable working pressure with a permanent nameplate. Places of public assembly 50 The nameplate shall be installed on the container in an accessible Nonambulatory patient areas 50 location. The nameplate shall be marked in accordance with na- Combustible materials such as tionally recognized standards.See Section 9003,Standards a.5.1 paper,leaves,weeds,dry grass or 15 debris and u.3.3. Other hazardous materials See Section 8001.11.8 7501.7.5 Identification of container connections. Container inlet and outlet connections,liquid-level limit controls,valves and 7501.9.2.1 Point of fill connections. Remote transfer points and pressure gages shall be identified in accordance with one of the fill-connection points shall not be positioned closer to exposures following: marked with a permanent tag or label identifying their than the minimum distances required for stationary containers. function, or identified by a schematic drawing which portrays See Section 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. their function and designates whether they are connected to the vapor or liquid space of the container.When a schematic drawing 7501.9.2.2 Surfaces beneath containers. The surface of the is provided,it shall be attached to the container and maintained in area on which stationary containers are placed,including the sur- a legible condition. face of the area located below the point where connections are made for the purpose of filling such containers,shall be compat- 7501.7.6 Identification of piping systems. Piping systems ible with the fluid in the container.See Section 7501.1 for applica- shall be identified in accordance with Section 8001.4.3. ble UFC standards. 7501.7.7 Identification of emergency shut-off valves. Emer- 7501.9.3 Portable containers. Portable containers shall be sep- gency shut-off valves shall be identified in accordance with Sec- arated from exposure hazards in accordance with Table tion 8001.4.3. 7501.9.3-A. 1-144 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7501.9.3-A 7501.9.3.1—7502.3.2.2 TABLE 7501.9.3-A—MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE 7502.2.1 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be BETWEEN PORTABLE CONTAINERS AND EXPOSURES installed in accordance with the UFC standard applicable to the MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) type of fluid stored and Section 7502.2.1.See Section 7501.1 for EXPOSURE x 304.8 for mm applicable UFC standards. Building means of egress 10 7502.2.1.1 Containers stationary. Stationary containers shall Wall openings I be in accordance with Section 7501.4. Air intakes 10 Property lines 5 7502.2.1.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in Room or area means of egress 3 stationary containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, Combustible materials such as rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the Building Code. paper,leaves,weeds,dry grass or 15 7502.2.1.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for stationary containers debris shall be ventilated in accordance with the Mechanical Code. Other hazardous materials See Section 8001.11.8 7502.2.2 Portable containers. Indoor storage of portable con- tainers shall be in accordance with the UFC standard applicable to 7501.9.3.1 Surfaces beneath containers. Containers shall be the type of fluid stored and the requirements of Section 7502.2.2. placed on surfaces which are compatible with the fluid in the con- See Section 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. tainer. See Section 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. 7502.2.2.1 Containers. Portable containers shall be in accord- 7501.10 Electrical Wiring and Equipment. ance with Section 7501.4. 7501.10.1 General. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be in 7502.2.2.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in accordance with the Electrical Code and Section 7501.10. portable containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the Building Code. 7501.10.2 Location. Containers and systems shall not be located where they could become part of an electrical circuit. 7502.2.2.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for portable containers shall be ventilated in accordance with the Mechanical Code. 7501.10.3 Electrical grounding and bonding. Containers and systems shall not be used for electrical grounding.When electrical 7502.3 Outdoor Storage. grounding and bonding is required the system shall be in accord- 7502.3.1 Stationary containers. The outdoor storage of sta- ance with the Electrical Code.The grounding system shall be pro- tionary containers shall be in accordance with Sections 7501 tected against corrosion, including corrosion caused by stray and 7502.3.1. electric currents. 7502.3.1.1 Location. Stationary containers shall be located in 7501.11 Service and Repair. Service, repair, modification or accordance with Section 7501.9. removal of valves, pressure-relief devices or other container appurtenances shall be in accordance with Section 7501.11 and Containers of cryogenic fluids shall not be located within diked nationally recognized standards. See Section 9003, Standards areas containing other hazardous materials. a.5.1 and u.3.3. 7502.3.1.2 Areas subject to flooding. Stationary containers lo- 7501.11.1 Containers. Containers which have been removed cated in areas subject to flooding shall be securely anchored or ele- from service shall be handled in an approved manner. vated to prevent the containers from separating from foundations or supports. 7501.11.2 Systems. Service and repair of systems shall be per- 7502.3.1.3 Drainage. The area surrounding stationary contain- formed by trained personnel in accordance with nationally recog- ers shall be provided with a means to prevent accidental discharge nized standards. of fluids from endangering personnel,containers,equipment and 7501.12 Unauthorized Use. Containers shall not be used for adjacent structures or to enter enclosed spaces. The stationary any purpose other than to serve as a vessel for containing the prod- container shall not be placed where spilled or discharged fluids uct which it is designed to contain. will be retained around the container. EXCEPTION:These provisions may be altered or waived when 7501.13 Leaks,Damage and Corrosion. Leaking,damaged or determined by the chief that the container does not constitute a hazard, corroded containers shall be removed from service. Leaking, after consideration of special features such as crushed rock utilized as damaged or corroded systems shall be replaced, repaired or a heat sink,topographical conditions,nature of occupancy,proximity removed in accordance with Section 7501.11. to structures on the same or adjacent property,and the capacity and construction of containers and character of fluids to be stored. 7501.14 Lighting. When required by the chief,lighting,includ- 7502.3.2 Portable containers. Outdoor storage of portable con- ing emergency lighting, shall be provided to illuminate fire tainers shall be in accordance with Sections 7501 and 7502.3.2. appliances and operating facilities such as walkways, control valves and gates ancillary to stationary containers. 7502.3.2.1 Location. Portable containers shall be located in accordance with Section 7501.9. SECTION 7502—STORAGE 7502.3.2.2 Drainage. The area surrounding portable containers shall be provided with a means to prevent accidental discharge of 7502.1 General. Storage of containers shall be in accordance fluids from endangering adjacent containers, buildings, equip- with Section 7502. ment or adjoining property. EXCEPTION:These provisions may be altered or waived when 7502.2 Indoor Storage. determined by the chief that the container does not constitute a hazard. 1-145 7503 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7503.4.3 SECTION 7503—USE AND HANDLING 7503.2 Material-specific Requirements. 7503.1 General. 7503.2.1 Indoor use. Indoor use of cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with the material-specific provisions of Sec- 7503.1.1 Applicability. Use and handling of containers and sys- tion 7501.1. tems shall be in accordance with Section 7503. 7503.2.2 Outdoor use. 7503.1.2 Cryogenic fluid systems. Cryogenic fluid systems 7503.2.2.1 General. Outdoor use of cryogenic fluids shall be in shall be suitable for the use intended and designed by persons accordance with the material specific provisions of Sections competent in such design. Where nationally recognized good 7501.1 and 7503.2.2. practices or standards have been established for the process employed,such practices and standards shall be followed.Equip- 7503.2.2.2 Separation. Distances from property lines, build- ment, machinery and processes shall be in accordance with Sec- ings and exposure hazards shall be in accordance with Section tion 8001.4.4. 7501.9 and the material-specific provisions of Section 7501.1. 7503.1.3 Piping systems. 7503.2.2.3 Shutoff valves. Readily available shutoff valves shall be provided to shut off the cryogenic fluid supply in case of 7503.1.3.1 General. Piping, tubing, valves,joints and fittings emergency.A shutoff valve shall be located at the source of supply conveying cryogenic fluids shall be installed in accordance with and at the point where the system enters the building. the material-specific provisions of Sections 7501.1 and 7503.1.3. 7503.3 Filling and Dispensing. 7503.1.3.2 Design and construction. Piping systems shall be suitable for the use intended through the full range of pressure and 7503.3.1 General. Filling and dispensing of cryogenic fluids temperature to which they will be subjected.Piping systems shall shall be in accordance with Section 7503.3. be designed and constructed to provide adequate allowance for 7503.3.2 Dispensing areas. Dispensing of cryogenic fluids with expansion,contraction,vibration,settlement and fire exposure. physical or health hazards shall be conducted in approved loca- 7503.1.3.3 Joints. Joints on container piping and tubing shall be tions.Dispensing indoors shall be conducted in areas constructed threaded,welded,silver-brazed or flanged. in accordance with the Building Code. 7503.3.2.1 Ventilation. Indoor areas where cryogenic fluids are 7503.1.3.4 Valves and accessory equipment. Valves and ac- dispensed shall be ventilated in accordance with the requirements cessory equipment shall be suitable for the intended use at the tem- of Sections 8004.2.2.2 and 8004.2.3.3 and the Mechanical Code. peratures of the application and shall be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum pressure at the minimum temperature 7503.3.2.2 Piping systems. Piping systems utilized for filling or to which they will be subjected. dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 7503.1.3. 7503.1.3.4.1 Shutoff valves on containers. Shutoff valves shall be provided on all container connections except for pressure-relief 7503.3.3 Vehicle loading and unloading areas. Loading or un- devices.Shutoff valves shall be accessible and located as close as loading areas shall be constructed in accordance with the require- practical to the container. ment of the appropriate UFC standard.See Section 7501.1. 7503.1.3.4.2 Shutoff valves on Shutoff valves shall be 7503.3.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided to piping.installed in piping containing cryogenic fluids when needed to prevent overfilling of stationary containers during filling opera- limit the volume of liquid discharged in the event of piping or tions. equipment failure.Pressure-relief valves shall be installed when 7503.4 Handling. liquid can be trapped between shutoff valves in the piping system. See Section 7501.5.1. 7503.4.1 Applicability. Handling of cryogenic containers shall be in accordance with Section 7503.4. 7503.1.3.5 Physical protection and support. Aboveground 7503.4.2 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall be piping systems shall be well supported and protected from physi- moved using an approved method. Where cryogenic containers cal damage.Piping passing through walls shall be protected from are moved by hand cart,hand truck or other mobile device,such mechanical damage. carts,trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement 7503.1.3.6 Corrosion protection. Aboveground piping which of the container. is subject to corrosion shall be protected against corrosion.Below Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers shall be ground piping shall be protected against corrosion. designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be trans- 7503.1.3.7 Testing. Piping systems shall be tested and proven Ported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent free of leaks after installation as required by the standards to which accidental dislodgment. they were designed and constructed. Test pressures shall not be 7503.4.3 Closed containers. Pressurized containers shall be less than 150 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure transported in a closed condition.Containers designed for use at when hydraulic testing is conducted or 110 percent when testing is atmospheric conditions shall be transported with appropriate conducted pneumatically. loose-fitting covers in place to prevent spillage. 1-146 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7501.9.3-A 7501.9.3.1—7502.3.2.2 TABLE 7501.9.3-A—MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE 7502.2.1 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be BETWEEN PORTABLE CONTAINERS AND EXPOSURES installed in accordance with the UFC standard applicable to the MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) type of fluid stored and Section 7502.2.1.See Section 7501.1 for EXPOSURE x 304.8 for mm applicable UFC standards. Building means of egress 10 7502.2.1.1 Containers stationary. Stationary containers shall Wall openings 1 be in accordance with Section 7501.4. Air intakes 10 Property lines 5 7502.2.1.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in Room or area means of egress 3 stationary containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Combustible materials such as paper,leaves,weeds,dry grass or 15 7502.2.1.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for stationary containers debris shall be ventilated in accordance with the Mechanical Code. Other hazardous materials See Section 8001.11.8 7502.2.2 Portable containers. Indoor storage of portable con- tainers shall be in accordance with the UFC standard applicable to 7501.9.3.1 Surfaces beneath containers. Containers shall be the type of fluid stored and the requirements of Section 7502.2.2. placed on surfaces which are compatible with the fluid in the con- See Section 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. tainer. See Section 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. 7502.2.2.1 Containers. Portable containers shall be in accord- 7501.10 Electrical Wiring and Equipment. ance with Section 7501.4. 7501.10.1 General. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be in 7502.2.2.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in accordance with the Electrical Code and Section 7501.10. portable containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the Building Code. 7501.10.2 Location. Containers and systems shall not be located where they could become part of an electrical circuit. 7502.2.2.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for portable containers shall be ventilated in accordance with the Mechanical Code. 7501.10.3 Electrical grounding and bonding. Containers and systems shall not be used for electrical grounding.When electrical 7502.3 Outdoor Storage. grounding and bonding is required the system shall be in accord- 7502.3.1 Stationary containers. The outdoor storage of sta- ance with the Electrical Code.The grounding system shall be pro- tionary containers shall be in accordance with Sections 7501 tected against corrosion, including corrosion caused by stray and 7502.3.1. electric currents. 7502.3.1.1 Location. Stationary containers shall be located in 7501.11 Service and Repair. Service, repair, modification or accordance with Section 7501.9. removal of valves, pressure-relief devices or other container appurtenances shall be in accordance with Section 7501.11 and Containers of cryogenic fluids shall not be located within diked nationally recognized standards. See Section 9003, Standards areas containing other hazardous materials. a.5.1 and u.3.3. 7502.3.1.2 Areas subject to flooding. Stationary containers lo- 7501.11.1 Containers. Containers which have been removed cated in areas subject to flooding shall be securely anchored or ele- from service shall be handled in an approved manner. vated to prevent the containers from separating from foundations or supports. 7501.11.2 Systems. Service and repair of systems shall be per- 7502.3.1.3 Drainage. The area surrounding stationary contain- formed by trained personnel in accordance with nationally recog- ers shall be provided with a means to prevent accidental discharge nized standards. of fluids from endangering personnel,containers,equipment and 7801.12 Unauthorized Use. Containers shall not be used for adjacent structures or to enter enclosed spaces. The stationary any purpose other than to serve as a vessel for containing the prod- container shall not be placed where spilled or discharged fluids uct which it is designed to contain. will be retained around the container. EXCEPTION:These provisions may be altered or waived when 7501.13 Leaks,Damage and Corrosion. Leaking,damaged or determined by the chief that the container does not constitute a hazard, corroded containers shall be removed from service. Leaking, after consideration of special features such as crushed rock utilized as damaged or corroded systems shall be replaced, repaired or a heat sink,topographical conditions,nature of occupancy,proximity removed in accordance with Section 7501.11. to structures on the same or adjacent property,and the capacity and construction of containers and character of fluids to be stored. 7501.14 Lighting. When required by the chief,lighting,includ- 7502.3.2 Portable containers. Outdoor storage of portable con- ing emergency lighting, shall be provided to illuminate fire tainers shall be in accordance with Sections 7501 and 7502.3.2. appliances and operating facilities such as walkways, control valves and gates ancillary to stationary containers. 7502.3.2.1 Location. Portable containers shall be located in accordance with Section 7501.9. SECTION 7502—STORAGE 7502.3.2.2 Drainage. The area surrounding portable containers shall be provided with a means to prevent accidental discharge of 7502.1 General. Storage of containers shall be in accordance fluids from endangering adjacent containers, buildings, equip- with Section 7502. ment or adjoining property. EXCEPTION:These provisions may be altered or waived when 7502.2 Indoor Storage. determined by the chief that the container does not constitute a hazard. 1-145 7503 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7503.4.3 SECTION 7503—USE AND HANDLING 7503.2 Material-specific Requirements. 7503.1 General. 7503.2.1 Indoor use. Indoor use of cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with the material-specific provisions of Sec- 7503.1.1 Applicability. Use and handling of containers and sys- tion 7501.1. tems shall be in accordance with Section 7503. 7503.2.2 Outdoor use. 7503.1.2 Cryogenic fluid systems. Cryogenic fluid systems 7503.2.2.1 General. Outdoor use of cryogenic fluids shall be in shall be suitable for the use intended and designed by persons accordance with the material specific provisions of Sections competent in such design. Where nationally recognized good 7501.1 and 7503.2.2. practices or standards have been established for the process employed,such practices and standards shall be followed.Equip- 7503.2.2.2 Separation. Distances from property lines, build- ment,machinery and processes shall be in accordance with Sec- ings and exposure hazards shall be in accordance with Section tion 8001.4.4. 7501.9 and the material-specific provisions of Section 7501.1. 7503.1.3 Piping systems. 7503.2.2.3 Shutoff valves. Readily available shutoff valves shall be provided to shut off the cryogenic fluid supply in case of 7503.1.3.1 General. Piping, tubing, valves, joints and fittings emergency.A shutoff valve shall be located at the source of supply conveying cryogenic fluids shall be installed in accordance with and at the point where the system enters the building. the material-specific provisions of Sections 7501.1 and 7503.1.3. 7503.3 Filling and Dispensing. 7503.1.3.2 Design and construction. Piping systems shall be 7503.3.1 General. Filling and dispensing of cryogenic fluids suitable for the use intended through the full range of pressure and shall be in accordance with Section 7503.3. temperature to which they will be subjected.Piping systems shall be designed and constructed to provide adequate allowance for 7503.3.2 Dispensing areas. Dispensing of cryogenic fluids with expansion,contraction,vibration,settlement and fire exposure. physical or health hazards shall be conducted in approved loca- 7503.1.3.3 Joints. Joints on container piping and tubing shall be tions.Dispensing indoors shall be conducted in areas constructed threaded,welded,silver-brazed or flanged. in accordance with the Building Code. 7503.3.2.1 Ventilation. Indoor areas where cryogenic fluids are 7503.1.3.4 Valves and accessory equipment. Valves and ac- dispensed shall be ventilated in accordance with the requirements cessory equipment shall be suitable for the intended use at the tem- of Sections 8004.2.2.2 and 8004.2.3.3 and the Mechanical Code. peratures of the application and shall be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum pressure at the minimum temperature 7503.3.2.2 Piping systems. Piping systems utilized for filling or to which they will be subjected. dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 7503.1.3. 7503.1.3.4.1 Shutoff valves on containers. Shutoff valves shall be provided on all container connections except for pressure-relief 7503.3.3 Vehicle loading and unloading areas. Loading or un- devices. Shutoff valves shall be accessible and located as close as loading areas shall be constructed in accordance with the require- practical to the container. ment of the appropriate UFC standard. See Section 7501.1. 7503.1.3.4.2 Shutoff valves on piping. Shutoff valves shall be 7503.3.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided to installed in piping containing cryogenic fluids when needed to prevent overfilling of stationary containers during filling opera- limit the volume of liquid discharged in the event of piping or tions. equipment failure.Pressure-relief valves shall be installed when 7503.4 Handling. liquid can be trapped between shutoff valves in the piping system. See Section 7501.5.1. 7503.4.1 Applicability. Handling of cryogenic containers shall be in accordance with Section 7503.4. 7503.1.3.5 Physical protection and support. Aboveground 7503.4.2 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall be piping systems shall be well supported and protected from physi- moved using an approved method. Where cryogenic containers cal damage.Piping passing through walls shall be protected from are moved by hand cart,hand truck or other mobile device,such mechanical damage. carts,trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement 7503.1.3.6 Corrosion protection. Aboveground piping which of the container. is subject to corrosion shall be protected against corrosion.Below Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers shall be ground piping shall be protected against corrosion. designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be trans- 7503.1.3.7 Testing. Piping systems shall be tested and proven ported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent free of leaks after installation as required by the standards to which accidental dislodgment. they were designed and constructed. Test pressures shall not be 7503.4.3 Closed containers. Pressurized containers shall be less than 15 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure transported in a closed condition. Containers designed for use at when hydraulic testing is conducted or 110 percent when testing is atmospheric conditions shall be transported with appropriate conducted pneumatically. loose-fitting covers in place to prevent spillage. 1-146 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7601 7608 ARTICLE 76- PREVENTION OF DUST EXPLOSIONS SECTION 7601 —GENERAL SECTION 7605—HOUSEKEEPING 7601.1 Scope. Prevention of dust explosions shall be in accord- Accumulation of dust shall be kept at a minimum in the interior of ance with Article 76. buildings.Accumulated dust on floors and other surfaces shall be collected by vacuum cleaning.Forced-air or similar devices shall 7601.2 Definitions. For the definition of DUST,see Article 2. not be used to remove dust from surfaces. 7601.3 Permits. For a permit to conduct an operation which pro- duces dust,see Section 105,Permit d.2. SECTION 7606—ELECTRICAL GROUNDING Artificial lighting in areas containing dust-producing or dust- agitating operations shall be by electricity with wiring and electri- SECTION 7602—ENCLOSURES cal equipment installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. Machinery and metal parts of crushing, drying, pulverizing and Dust-producing and dust-agitating machinery, such as grinding conveying systems shall be electrically grounded in accordance mills and separators,and elevators,elevator legs,spouts,hoppers with the Electrical Code. and other conveyors shall be provided with casing or enclosures maintained as nearly dust-tight as possible. Static electricity shall be removed from machinery and other component parts by permanent grounds or bonds or both.The de- sign and installation of such grounds shall be in accordance with SECTION 7603—SEPARATORS approved standards. Approved magnetic or pneumatic separators shall be installed SECTION 7607—SMOKING AND OPEN FLAMES ahead of shellers,crackers,crushers,grinding machines,pulveriz- ers and similar machines in which the entrance of foreign materi- Smoking,carrying matches,use of heating or other devices em- als could cause sparks to be generated. ploying an open flame, and use of spark-producing equipment shall be prohibited in areas containing dust-producing or dust- agitating operations. SECTION 7604—DUST COLLECTION Suitable dust-collecting equipment shall be installed on all dust- SECTION 7608—EXPLOSION CONTROL producing machinery and interlocked with the machinery power Buildings in which flammable or explosive dusts are manufac- supply so that the machinery cannot be operated without the dust- tured, processed or generated shall be provided with explosion collection equipment also operating. control in accordance with the Building Code. 1-147 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7701 7701.6 ARTICLE 77- EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS SECTION 7701 -GENERAL SOFTWOOD is Douglas fir,pine or other softwood of equal bullet-resistance free from loose knots,wind shakes or similar de- 7701.1 Scope. Manufacture,possession,storage,sale,transpor- fects. tation and use of explosive materials shall be in accordance with STEEL is general purpose, hot- or cold-rolled, low carbon Article 77.See Appendix VI-F for excerpts from nationally recog- steel. nized standards for separation distances for explosives. 7701.3 Permits. Explosives class designations in parentheses refer to new clas- sifications used by DOT. See Appendix VI-F for information on 7701.3.1 Required. Where permits are required to be issued by explosives class designations. the chief,the chief may grant that authority to the agency having EXCEPTIONS: 1. The armed forces of the United States,Coast enforcement jurisdiction.Permits shall be obtained: Guard or National Guard. 1. To manufacture, possess, store, sell, display or otherwise 2. Explosives in forms prescribed by the official United States dispose of explosive materials at any location. Pharmacopoeia. 2. To transport explosive materials. ' 3. The sale,possession or use of fireworks 1.4G(Class C common 3. To use explosive materials. fireworks). 4. The possession,transportation,storage and use of small arms 4. To operate a terminal for handling explosive materials. ammunition when packaged in accordance with DOT packaging re- See Section 105,Permit e.1. quirements. 5. The possession, storage, transportation and use of not more 7701.3.2 Unsafe material or practice. Permits for the follow- than 5 pounds(2.27 kg)of commercially manufactured sporting black ing materials shall be invalidated and the materials disposed of in powder,20 pounds(9.07 kg)of smokeless powder and 10,000 small an approved,safe manner. arms primers for hand loading of small arms ammunition for personal consumption. 1. Dynamite having an unsatisfactory absorbent or one that permits leakage of a liquid explosive ingredient under any condi- 6. The transportation and use of explosive materials by the United tions liable to exist during storage. States Bureau of Mines,and federal,state and local law enforcement and fire agencies acting in their official capacities. 2. Nitrocellulose in a dry and uncompressed condition in quan- 7. Special industrial explosive devices which in the aggregate tity greater than 10 pounds(4.5 kg)net weight in one package. contain less than 50 pounds(22.7 kg)of explosive materials. 3. Fulminate of mercury in a dry condition and fulminate of 8. The possession,transportation,storage and use of blank indus- other metals in any condition except as a component of manufac- trial power load cartridges when packaged in accordance with DOT tured articles not hereinafter forbidden. packaging regulations. 9. When preempted by federal regulations. 4. Explosive compositions that ignite spontaneously or under- I go marked decomposition, rendering the products or their use 10. The use and handling of fireworks 1.3G(Class B fireworks)as more hazardous,when subjected for 48 consecutive hours or less set forth in Article 78. to a temperature of 167o F(75 C). 7701.2 Definitions. 5. New explosive materials until approved by DOT,except that 7701.2.1 General. For definitions of BATF; BLASTING permits may be issued to educational,governmental or industrial AGENT; BLASTING CAP, BULLET RESISTANT, C.F.R.; laboratories for instruction or research purposes. DEA; DEFLAGRATION; DETONATION; DETONATOR; 6. Explosive materials condemned by DOT. DOT; ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP; EXPLOSIVE; EXPLO- 7. Explosives containing an ammonium salt and a chlorate. SIVE MATERIALS; FIREWORKS, CLASS C, COMMON; GUNPOWDER; HIGH EXPLOSIVE; INHABITED BUILD- 7701.4 Bond. Before a permit is issued to use explosive materi- ING;INTRAPLANT DISTANCE;LOW EXPLOSIVE;MAGA- als,the applicant shall file with the jurisdiction a corporate surety ZINE; MASS-DETONATING EXPLOSIVE; PERCUSSION bond in the principal sum of$100,000 or a public liability insur- CAP; SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE; ance policy for the same amount for the purpose of the payment of SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL HIGH-EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL; damages to persons or property which arise from,or are caused by, SQUIB, ELECTRIC; and TEST BLASTING CAP NO. 8, see the conduct of an act authorized by the permit upon which a judi- Article 2. cial judgment results.The chief is authorized to specify a greater or lesser amount when,in the chief's opinion,conditions at the lo- 7701.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 77, cation of use indicate a greater or lesser amount is required. certain terms are defined as follows: EXCEPTION: Government entities shall be exempt from this FIRE RESISTANT is construction designed to provide rea- bond requirement. sonable protection against fire. For exterior walls of magazines 7701.5 Notice of New Storage and Manufacturing Sites. constructed of wood,this shall mean fire-resistance equivalency When a new explosive material storage or manufacturing loca- provided by sheet metal of not less than 0.0179 inch(0.45 mm)(26 tion, including a temporary jobsite, is established, the local law manufacturer's standard gage). enforcement agency, fire department and emergency planning committee shall be notified immediately of the type,quantity and HARDWOOD is red oak,white oak,hard maple,ash or hicko- location of explosive materials at the site. ry, each of which is free from knots, wind shakes or similar de- fects. 7701.E Access Road Signs. At the entrance to explosive materi- al manufacturing and storage sites,all access roads shall be posted PLYWOOD is A-C exterior grade plywood. with the following warning sign or other approved sign: 1-149 7701.6 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7702.2.1 DANGER 7702.1.9 Storage with other materials. Magazines shall be NEVER FIGHT EXPLOSIVE FIRES used exclusively for the storage of approved explosive materials EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE and other blasting materials.Tools,other than approved convey- CALL ors,shall not be stored in magazines. The sign shall be weather resistant with a reflective surface and 7702.1.10 Cleaning. Magazine floors shall be swept regularly lettering at least 2 inches(50.8 mm)high. and shall be kept clean, dry and free of grit, paper and rubbish. Sweepings from floors of magazines shall be disposed of in ac- 7701.7 Prohibited and Limited Acts. cordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. 7701.7.1 Manufacturing. Explosive materials shall not be 7702.1.11 Deteriorated material handling. When an explo- manufactured without authorization by the chief. sive material has deteriorated to an extent that it is in an unstable or dangerous condition,or when a liquid has leaked from an explo- 7701.7.2 Limits established by law. Storage of explosive mate- sive material,the person in possession of such explosive material rials is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits shall immediately contact the material's manufacturer and the of districts in which such storage is prohibited(see sample adop- chief. The work of destroying explosive materials shall be di- tion ordinance,Section 6). rected by persons experienced in the destruction of explosive ma- terials.Explosive materials recovered from blasting misfires shall 7701.7.3 Limits based on location. The chief is authorized to be placed in a magazine until an experienced person has deter- limit the quantity of explosive materials allowed at any location. mined the method of disposal. 7701.8 Seizure of Explosive Materials. The chief is authorized 7702.1.12 Stained floors. Magazine floors stained with liquid to seize,take,remove or cause to be removed at the expense of the shall be dealt with according to instructions obtained from the owner explosive materials offered or exposed for sale,stored,pos- manufacturer of the explosive materials stored in the magazine. sessed,used or transported in violation of Article 77. 7702.1.13 Magazine maintenance. When magazines need in- terior repairs, all explosive materials shall be removed and the SECTION 7702—STORAGE floors cleaned before and after making repairs.When making ex- terior magazine repairs involving the possibility of causing a fire, 7702.1 General. all explosive materials shall first be removed from the magazine. 7702.1.1 Magazines required. Explosive materials shall be Explosive materials removed from a magazine under repair shall stored in magazines in accordance with Section 7702. be placed either in another magazine or placed a safe distance from the magazine,where they shall be properly guarded and pro- A competent person shall be in charge of magazines.The person tected until repairs have been completed.Upon completion of re- shall be at least 21 years of age and responsible for compliance pairs, the explosive materials shall be promptly returned to the with all safety precautions. magazine. 7702.1.2 Inspection. Magazines containing explosive materials 7702.1.14 Sources of ignition. Smoking, matches, flame- shall be inspected at intervals of not greater than seven days to de- producing devices, open flames and firearms or cartridges shall termine whether there has been an unauthorized entry or at- not be permitted inside of or within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of maga- tempted entry into a magazine, or unauthorized removal of a zines. magazine or its contents. Where low explosives are stored in magazines,spark-produc- 7702.1.3 Security. Magazine doors shall be kept locked when mg tools shall not be used. Such magazines shall be bonded and the magazine is unattended. grounded. 7702.1.4 Posting safety rules. Current safety rules covering the 7702.1.15 Yard maintenance. The land within 25 feet (7620 operations of magazines shall be posted on the interior of each mm) of magazines shall be kept clear of rubbish, brush, driedgrass,leaves,dead trees,and live trees less than 10 feet(3048 mm) magazine in a visible location. high.Where conditions warrant,the chief is authorized to require 7702.1.5 Rotating stock. When explosive material is removed greater distances. from a magazine for use,the oldest usable stocks shall be removed Combustible materials shall not be stored within 50 feet(15 240 first. mm)of magazines. 7702.1.6 Manner of storage. Corresponding grades and brands 7702.1.16 Premises identification. The premises upon which shall be stored together and in such a manner that grades and brand Types 1,2,4 and 5 outdoor magazines are located shall be posted marks are visible.Stocks shall be stored so as to be easily counted with signs reading EXPLOSIVES—KEEP OFF.These signs shall and checked. be in contrasting colors with a minimum letter size of 3-inch(76 Packages of explosive materials shall be stacked in a stable mm)height with 1/2-inch(12.7 mm)brush stroke. Signs shall be manner not exceeding 6 feet(1829 mm)in height. located so that a bullet passing through the sign will not strike a magazine. Signs shall not be attached to outdoor magazines. 7702.1.7 Opened stock. Packages of explosive materials which 7702.1.17 Location. Types 1, 2, 4, and 5 outdoor magazines have been opened shall be closed before being placed in a maga- shall be located in accordance with nationally recognized stand- zine. Packages constructed of materials other than fiberboard or ards.See Appendix VI-F. paper shall not be opened in a magazine. 7702.1.8 Damaged material. Packages of damaged explosive 7702.2 Retail Sales. materials shall not be unpacked or repacked in or within 50 feet 7702.2.1 General. Indoor storage and display of gunpowder and (15 240 mm)of a magazine or inhabited building or in close prox- ammunition for retail sales shall be in accordance with Sec- imity to other explosive materials. tion 7702.2. 1-150 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7702.2.1.1-7702.3.2 TABLE 7702.3-A 7702.2.1.1 Storage. The maximum quantities, storage condi- by a distance of 25 feet(7620 mm)or by a fire partition tions,and fire-protection requirements for gunpowder and ammu- having a fire-resistive rating of at least one hour,and nition stored in a building shall be as follows: 3.6 The building shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler 1. Smokeless powder- system. 200 pounds(90.7 kg)in a Type 4 magazine,or 7702.2.1.2 Display. The maximum quantities, storage condi- tions,and fire-protection requirements for gunpowder and ammu- 400 pounds(181.4 kg)in separate portable Type 4 maga- nition displayed in a building shall be as follows: zines in a completely sprinklered building.The quantity of product in a magazine shall not exceed 200 pounds(90.7 1. Smokeless powder-20 pounds(9.07 kg)in original con- kg) tainers. 2. Commercially manufactured sporting black powder- 2. Black powderimNONE: 3. Small arms primers or percussion caps- 25 pounds(11.3 kg)in a separate, portable Type 4 maga- 10,000 in a nonsprinklered building. zine. 25,000 in a sprinklered building. 3. Small arms primers or percussion caps- 7702.2.2 Magazine size. Indoor magazines shall not be of a size 750,000,with not more than 100,000 stored in one pile and greater than the exit door or contain more than 200 pounds(90.7 piles separated from each other by at least 15 feet (4572 kg)of explosive materials. mm),or Greater than 750,000,when in accordance with the follow- 7702.2.3 Powder. The amount of powder stored in an indoor magazine shall not exceed 200 pounds(90.7 kg). ing: 3.1 The storage room shall not be accessible to unauthorized 7702.2.4 Combined storage. Black powder shall not be stored persons, with small arms primers or percussion caps. 3.2 Primers or percussions caps shall be stored in a 1-inch 7702.2.5 Bulk repackaging. The bulk repackaging of powder, (25.4 mm)nominal thickness wood cabinet or equivalent primers or percussion caps shall not be performed in retail stores. with self-closing doors with not more than 200,000 prim- 7702.2.6 Repackaging of damaged containers. Damaged Gon- ers or caps per cabinet, tainers shall not be repackaged. 3.3 Shelves in cabinets shall be vertically separated by at least EXCEPTION: Repackaging of damaged containers of smokeless 2 feet(6096 mm), powder into an original size and type container when approved. 3.4 Cabinets shall be located against walls of the storage room 7702.2.7 Separation. Buildings containing gunpowder or am- with at least 40 feet(12192 mm)between cabinets,or with munition in accordance with Section 7702.2 need not be located as at least 20 feet(6096 mm)between cabinets when barri- required by Section 7702.3.3. cades are installed midway between cabinets.Such barri- 7702.3 Storage Magazines. cades shall be securely attached to the wall,shall project from the wall at least 10 feet(3048 mm)and shall be at 7702.3.1 General. Explosive materials, including special in- least twice the height of cabinets.Barricade construction dustrial high-explosive materials, shall be stored in magazines shall be of 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)boiler plate or 2 inches(50.8 which meet the requirements of Section 7702.3. mm)of wood,brick or concrete block, 7702.3.2 Classification and use of magazines. Magazines 3.5 Primers or percussion caps shall be separated from flam- shall be classed as Type 1,2, 3,4 or 5. Magazines shall be con- mable liquids,flammable solids and oxidizing materials structed and used in accordance with Table 7702.3-A. TABLE 7702.3-A-TYPES OF MAGAZINES REQUIRED FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS MAGAZINE TYPES1 MATERIALS 1 2 3 4 5 High Explosives,LID,(Class A explosives)including dynamites;cap sensitive emulsions; X X X slurries and watergels;cast boosters. Black Powder,1.113,(Class A explosives).Defined as low explosive by the Bureau of Alcohol, X X X X Tobacco and Firearms for storage: Detonators,1.1B,(Class A explosives) X X X Detonating Cords,1.113;1.213;1.413;IAG,(Class A or C explosive) X X X Detonators2,1.413;1.4S,(Class C explosive) X X X X Safety fuse,electric squibs,igniters and igniter cord3,1AG;1.4S. X X X X Blasting Agents,1.5D,(Blasting Agents) X X X X X Propellants,1.3C,(Class B explosives).Defined as low explosives by the Bureau of Alcohol, X X X X Tobacco and Firearms for storage. tAny of the types indicated by"X"are allowed. 21ncludes electric detonators with leg wires 4 feet(1219 mm)long or longer or detonators with empty plastic tubing 12 feet(3657.6 mm)long or longer that contain not more than 1 gram of explosives(excluding ignition and delay charges). DDetonators shall not be stored in the same magazine with other explosive materials,except that 1.4(Class C)detonators and those described in Footnote 2 are allowed to be stored with safety fuse,electric squibs,igniters or igniter cord in Type 1,2,3 or 4 magazines. 1-151 7702.3.3 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7702.3.5.7 7702.3.3 Location. Site magazines for the storage of high ex- space filled with well-tamped dry sand or a well-tamped sand/ce- plosives and blasting agents shall be located in accordance with ment mixture. nationally recognized standards.See Appendix VI-F.Magazines 18. Exterior of 1/8-inch(3.2 mm)steel,lined with a first inter- for the storage of low explosives shall be located in accordance mediate layer of 3/4-inch (19.1 mm) plywood, a second inter- with nationally recognized standards. See Appendix VI-F. The mediate layer of 35/8 inches(92.1 mm)of a well-tamped dry sand ground around outdoor magazines shall be graded such that water or sand/cement mixture and an interior lining of 3/4-inch (19.1 drains away from the magazines. mm)plywood. 7702.3.4 Bullet-resistant construction. 19. Exterior of any type of fire-resistant material,lined with a 7702.3.4.1 General. Magazines which are required to be bullet first intermediate layer of 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)plywood,a second resistant shall be constructed using a method specified in Section intermediate layer of 35/8 inches(92.1 mm)of a well-tamped dry 7702.3.4. Steel and wood dimensions indicated are actual thick- sand or sand/cement mixture,a third intermediate layer of /4-inch nesses. Concrete block and brick dimensions indicated are the (19.1 mm)plywood, and a fourth intermediate layer of 2 inches manufacturer's represented thicknesses. (50.8 mm)of hardwood or not less than 0.068 inch(1.7 mm)of steel and an interior lining of 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)plywood. 7702.3.4.2 Specified construction. The following methods are 20. Eight-inch-thick(203.2 mm)solid concrete. acceptable as bullet-resistant construction: 7702.3.4.3 Tested construction. Methods of construction other 1. Exterior of 5/8-inch(15.9 mm)steel,lined with an interior than those specified in Section 7702.3.4.2 are acceptable as bullet- of any type of nonsparking material. resistant construction when tested as prescribed herein. Tests to 2. Exterior of 1/2-inch(12.7 mm)steel,lined with an interior determine bullet resistance shall be conducted on test panels or of not less than 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)plywood. empty magazines which shall resist five out of five shots placed 3. Exterior of 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)steel,lined with an interior of independently of each other in an area 3 feet by 3 feet(914.4 mm 2 inches(50.8 mm)of hardwood. by 914.4 mm).For ceilings and roofs,the bullet shall be fired at an angle of 45 degrees from the perpendicular.For walls and doors, 4. Exterior of 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)steel,lined with an interior of the bullet shall be fired perpendicular to the wall or door. See 3 inches(76.2 mm)of softwood or 21/4 inches(57.2 mm)of ply- BULLET RESISTANT in Section 203. wood. 5. Exterior of 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)steel,lined with an interior of 7702.3.5 Type 1 magazines. 3 inches(76.2 mm)of hardwood. 7702.3.5.1 General. Type 1 magazines shall be constructed in 6. Exterior of 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)steel,lined with an interior of accordance with the Building Code and Section 7702.3.5. 5 inches(127 mm)of softwood or 51/4 inches(133.4 mm)of ply- A Type 1 magazine shall be a permanent structure such as a wood. building, igloo, tunnel or dugout. It shall be bullet resistant,fire 7. Exterior of 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)steel,lined with an intermedi- resistant,weather resistant,theft resistant and ventilated. ate layer of 2 inches(50.8 mm)of hardwood and an interior lining 7702.3.5.2 Walls. Walls shall be bullet resistant as specified in Of 11/2 inches(38.1 mm)of plywood. Section 7702.3.4. 8. Exterior of 3/16-inch(4.8 mm)steel,lined with an interior 7702.3.5.3 Floors. Floors shall be constructed of wood or other of 4 inches(101.6 mm)of hardwood. suitable nonsparking materials. 9. Exterior of 3/16-inch(4.8 mm)steel,lined with an interior 7702.3.5.4 Foundations. Foundations shall be constructed of of 7 inches(177.8 mm)of softwood or 63/4 inches(171.4 mm)of brick, concrete, cement block, stone or wood posts. If piers or plywood. posts are used in lieu of a continuous foundation,the space under 10. Exterior of 3/16-inch(4.8 mm)steel,lined with an interme- the buildings shall be enclosed with fire-resistant materials. diate layer of 3 inches(76.2 mm)of hardwood and an interior lin- 7702.3.5.5 Bullet-resistant roofs or ceilings. Where it is possi- ing of 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)of plywood. ble for a bullet to be fired directly through the roof and into the 11. Exterior of 1/8-inch(3.2 mm)steel,lined with an interior of magazine at such an angle that the bullet could strike the explo- 5 inches(127 mm)of hardwood. sives within,the magazine roof shall be bullet resistant as speci- fied in Section 7702.3.4 or shall be protected by one of the 12. Exterior of 1/8-inch(3.2 mm)steel,lined with an interior of following methods: 9 inches(228.6 mm)of softwood. 1. A sand tray having a depth of 4 inches(101.6 mm)of sand 13. Exterior of 1/8-inch(3.2 mm)steel,lined with an intermedi- and located at the top of the inner walls covering the entire ceiling ate layer of 4 inches(101.6 mm)of hardwood and an interior lin- area,except that portion necessary for ventilation. ing of 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)plywood. 2. Either not less than 0.033-inch (0.84 mm) (20 gage) steel 14. Exterior of any type of fire-resistant material which is with 4 inches(101.6 mm)of hardwood or not less then 0.043-inch structurally sound, lined with an intermediate layer of 4 inches (1.1 mm)(18 gage)aluminum with 7 inches(177.8 mm)of hard- (101.6 mm)of solid concrete block or 4 inches(101.6 mm)of solid wood. brick or 4 inches(101.6 mm)of solid concrete,and an interior lin- ing of 1/2-inch(12.7 mm)plywood placed securely against the ma- 7702.3.5.6 Doors. Doors shall be bullet resistant as specified in sonry lining. Section 7702.3.4.Hinges and hasps shall be attached to the doors by welding,riveting,or bolting with nuts on the inside of the door. 15. Standard 8-inch (203.2 mm) concrete block with voids Hinges and hasps shall be installed in such a manner that they can- filled with a well-tamped sand/cement mixture. not be removed when the doors are closed and locked. 16. Standard 8-inch(203.2 mm)solid brick. 7702.3.5.7 Locks. Each door shall be equipped with two mortise 17. Exterior of any type of fire-resistant material which is locks,two padlocks fastened in separate hasps and staples,a com- structurally sound,lined with an intermediate 6-inch(152.4 mm) bination of a mortise lock and a padlock, a mortise lock that re- 1-152 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7702.3.5.7 7702.3.10 quires two keys to open,or a three-point or equivalent-type lock 7702.3.8 Type 4 magazines. Type 4 magazines shall be con- that secures the door to the frame at more than one point.Padlocks structed in accordance with the Building Code and Section shall be steel having at least five tumblers and at least a 3/8-inch 7702.3.8. (9.5 mm)diameter case-hardened shackle.Padlocks shall be pro- A Type 4 magazine shall be a permanent, portable or mobile tected by not less than 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)steel hoods constructed in structure,such as a building,igloo,box,semitrailer or other mo- a manner which prevents sawing or lever action on the locks, bile container, which shall be fire resistant, theft resistant and hasps and staples. weather resistant. EXCEPTION: Magazine doors that are adequately secured on the Outdoor magazines shall be constructed of masonry, metal- inside by means of a bolt,lock or bar that cannot be actuated from the covered wood, fabricated metal or a combination of these outside. materials.Doors shall be metal or solid wood covered with metal. 7702.3.5.8 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided to prevent Permanent magazines shall be constructed as required for Type dampness and heating of stored explosive materials.Ventilation 1 magazines with respect to foundations, floors, ventilation and openings shall be screened to prevent the entrance of sparks.Ven- locking devices.Vehicular magazines shall be immobilized when tilation openings in side walls and foundations shall be offset or unattended as required for Type 2 magazines. shielded for bullet-resistant purposes.Magazines having founda- 7702.3.9 Type 5 magazines. Permanent Type 5 magazines shall tion and roof ventilators with the air circulating between the side be constructed in accordance with the Building Code and Section walls and the floors and between the side walls and the ceiling 7702.3.9.Temporary Type 5 magazines shall be constructed in ac- shall have a wooden lattice or equivalent to prevent the packages cordance with Section 7702.3.9. of explosive materials from being stacked against the side walls and blocking the air circulation. A Type 5 magazine shall be a building, igloo, box, bin, tank, semitrailer,bulk-trailer,tank trailer,bulk truck,tank truck or other 7702.3.5.9 Exposed metal. Sparking material shall not be ex- mobile container. posed to contact with the stored explosive materials.Ferrous met- Outdoor Type 5 magazines shall be weather resistant and theft al nails in the floor and side walls, which could be exposed to resistant. contact with explosive materials shall be blind nailed, counter- Construction shall be of wood,wood covered with metal,ma- sunk or covered with a nonsparking latticework or other non- sonry,fabricated metal or a combination of these materials.Doors sparking material. shall be metal or solid wood. 7702.3.6 Type 2 magazines. Type 2 magazines shall be con- Permanent Type 5 magazines shall be constructed as required structed in accordance with Section 7702.3.6. for Type 1 magazines with respect to foundations,floors,ventila- tion and locking devices. A Type 2 magazine shall be a box,trailer,semitrailer or other Vehicular magazines shall be immobilized when unattended,as mobile facility. required for Type 2 vehicular magazines. A Type 2 magazine shall be bullet resistant, fire resistant, Over-the-road trucks and semitrailers used for temporary stor- weather resistant,theft resistant and ventilated. age shall have each door locked with one steel padlock having at Walls,ceiling and roof construction,hinges,hasps,locks,venti- least five tumblers and a case-hardened shackle of at least 3/8-inch lation, and interior construction shall be constructed as required (9.5 mm)diameter.The door hinges and lock hasp shall be secure- for Type 1 magazines. ly fastened to the magazine and the door frame. EXCEPTION: Magazine doors that are adequately secured on the Type 2 magazines shall be supported to prevent the floor from inside by means of a bolt,lock or bar that cannot be actuated from the having direct contact with the ground.Magazines less than 1 cubic outside. yard(0.76 m3)in size shall be fastened to a fixed object to prevent Type 5 storage magazines in trailers shall display BLASTING theft of the entire magazine. AGENT placards,as required by Section 7703.2.10 on the trailer t when any quantity of blasting agents(Explosives, 1.513—see Ap- Vehicular magazines shall be immobilized by removing the pendix VI-F)is contained therein. wheels,locking with a kingpin locking device or other approved methods. 7702.3.10 Indoor magazines. Indoor magazines shall be con- structed in accordance with Section 7702.3.10. 7702.3.7 Type 3 magazines. Type 3 magazines shall be con- Indoor magazines shall be fire resistant and theft resistant.In- structed in accordance with Section 7702.3.7. door magazines constructed of wood shall have sides,bottoms and A Type 3 magazine shall be a"day box"or other portable maga- lids or doors constructed of 2-inch(50.8 mm)wood and shall be zine.Type 3 magazines shall be theft resistant,fire resistant and well braced at corners.The magazines shall be covered on the ex- weather resistant. terior with steel not less than 0.016 inch (0.41 mm) (26 gage) thick. Indoor magazines constructed of metal shall have sides, Type 3 magazines shall be constructed of not less than bottoms and lids or doors constructed of not less than 0.097-inch 0.097-inch (2.5 mm) (12 gage) steel lined with at least 1/2-inch (2.5 mm) (12 gage) steel and shall be lined with a minimum of (12.7 mm)plywood or masonite.Doors shall overlap sides by at 1/2 inch(12.7 mm)of nonsparking material. least 1 inch(25.4 mm). EXCEPTION:Type 5 indoor magazines used for the storage of blasting agents(Explosives, 1.5D—see Appendix VI-F)need not be ' Hinges and hasps shall be attached by welding,riveting or bolt- fire resistant. ing with nuts on the inside.Type 3 magazines shall have one steel Indoor magazines need not be bullet resistant or weather resis- padlock having at least five tumblers and a case-hardened shackle tant if the buildings in which they are stored provide protection of at least 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)diameter. from the weather and bullet penetration. Explosive materials shall not be left unattended in a Type 3 Hinges and hasps shall be attached to doors or lids by welding, magazine.When Type 3 magazines will be left unattended,explo- riveting or bolting with nuts on the inside so that doors or lids can- sive materials shall first be moved to a Type 1 or 2 magazine. not be removed when closed and locked. 1-153 7702.3.10 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7703.2.4 Each magazine shall be equipped with a steel padlock,which a safe place,that persons and vehicles are at a safe distance or un- need not be protected by a steel hood,having at least five tumblers der sufficient cover, and that a loud warning signal has been with a case-hardened shackle of at least 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)diame- sounded. ter. Indoor magazines shall have substantial wheels or casters to fa- 7703.1.9 Premature detonation safeguards. Precautions shall cilitate removal from a building in case of emergency. be taken to prevent the premature detonation of explosive materi- als from lightning,radio frequency energy,extraneous electricity Magazines shall be painted red and the lid or door shall bear in or static electricity caused by dust or snow storms,low humidity or conspicuous white lettering,at least 3 inches(76.2 mm)high,EX- mechanical conditions.Such precautions shall include: PLOSIVES—KEEP FIRE AWAY. 1. The suspension of blasting operations and removal of per- The indoor storage of high explosives shall not exceed sons from the blasting area during the approach and progress of a 50 pounds(22.7 kg).Detonators shall be stored in a separate mag- thunderstorm, azine from other explosive materials and the total number of deto- nators stored shall not exceed 5,000. 2. The posting of signs prohibiting the use of mobile radio transmitters on roads within 1,000 feet(304.8 m)of blasting oper- Indoor magazines containing blasting agents in excess of ations where electric detonators are being used,and 50 pounds(22.7 kg)shall be located in accordance with nationally recognized standards.(See Appendix VI-F.) 3. Periodic checks for static electricity or stray currents in areas where these factors could exceed safe operating limits. Indoor storage magazines shall not be located in residences or dwellings. 7703.1.10 Nonsparking tools. Tools used for the opening of containers of explosive materials shall be made of nonsparking materials. SECTION 7703—USE, HANDLING AND EXCEPTION: Slitters of metal are allowed for opening paper, TRANSPORTATION plastic or fiberboard containers. 7703.1 Use and Handling. 7703.1.11 Exposure protection. When blasting is performed in a congested area or in close proximity to a building,structure,rail- 7703.1.1 Hours of operation. Blasting operations shall be con- way,highway or other installation that could be damaged by mate- ducted during daylight hours. rial being thrown into the air, the blast shall be covered with an EXCEPTION: When other times are approved. adequate blasting mat. 7703.1.2 Personnel qualifications. The person in charge of the 7703.1.12 Disposal of packaging. Empty boxes and paper, handling and use of explosive materials shall be at least 21 years of plastic or fiber packing material which have previously contained age and possess a valid explosive-use permit issued by the chief. explosive materials shall not be reused,and shall be disposed of in EXCEPTION: Persons 18 years of age or older are allowed to use an approved manner. and handle explosive materials under the direct personal supervision of a person who possesses a valid explosive-use permit. 7703.1.13 Abandonment. Explosive materials shall not be 7703.1.3 Intoxicants. Explosive materials shall not be handled abandoned. by persons under the influence of intoxicants, narcotics or 7703.2 '17ransportation. DEA-controlled substances. 7703.1.4 Smoking. Smoking and carrying matches while han- 7703.2.1 Public conveyance. Explosive materials shall not be dling explosive materials or while within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of carried or transported in or upon a public conveyance or vehicle where explosive materials are being used are prohibited. carrying passengers for hire. 7703.1.5 Sources of ignition. The use of matches, lighters, 7703.2.2 Vehicle construction. Vehicles used for transporting spark-producing devices or the presence of any open flames is explosive materials shall be strong enough to carry the load with- prohibited within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of areas where explosives out difficulty and shall be in good mechanical condition. If ve- are being used. hicles do not have a closed body, a portable, magazine-type container that is reasonably weather and theft resistant, and se- EXCEPTION: The lighting of safety fuse in conjunction with ap- curely fastened to the vehicle body,shall be used to contain the ex- proved blasting operations. plosive materials. Vehicles used for the transportation of 7703.1.6 Utilities notification. When blasting is being con- explosive materials shall have tight floors and any exposed, ducted in the vicinity of gas,electric,water,fire alarm,telephone, spark-producing metal on the inside of the body shall be covered telegraph or stream utilities,the blaster shall notify the appropri- with wood or other nonsparking material to prevent contact with ate representative of such utilities at least 24 hours in advance of explosive materials. blasting specifying the location and intended time of such blast- EXCEPTION:Exposed spark-producing metal need not be cov- ing. ered in vehicles in which only blasting agents(Explosives,1.51)—see ' EXCEPTION: In an emergency, advance notification may be Appendix VI-F)or oxidizing materials are being transported. waived by the chief. 7703.2.3 Authorization. Explosive materials shall be trans- 7703.1.7 Other regulations. Blasting operations shall be con- ported on vehicles authorized by the chief or DOT. ducted in accordance with federal,state and local regulations. 7703.2.4 Fire protection. Vehicles used for transporting explo- 7703.1.8 Blasting safeguards. Before a blast is fired,the person sive materials shall be equipped with fire extinguishers according in charge shall make certain that surplus explosive materials are in to the following schedule: 1-154 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7703.2.4 7703.3.5 1. Vehicle—Gross vehicle At least two multipurpose 7703.2.14 Unattended vehicles. Vehicles transporting explo- weight less than 14,000 dry-chemical extinguishers sive materials shall not be left unattended. pounds(6350.2 kg). having a combined capacity 7703.2.15 Passengers. Unless authorized by the chief,persons of not less than 4-A:20-B:C. other than the driver and one assistant,who is at least 18 years of 2. Vehicle—Gross vehicle At least two multipurpose age,shall not ride on vehicles transporting explosive materials. weight 14,000 pounds dry-chemical extinguishers (6350.2 kg)or greater; having a combined capacity 7703.2.16 Delivery conditions. Delivery of explosive materials tractor/semitrailer of not less than combined capacity shall be made only to authorized persons and into approved stor- units. age,handling or use areas. 7703.2.17 Vehicle storage and repair. Vehicles containing ex- 7703.2.5 Fire extinguisher maintenance and placement. Fire plosive materials shall not be taken into a garage or repair shop for extinguishers shall be securely mounted on vehicles at well-sepa- repairs or storage. rated,accessible locations.Extinguishers shall be checked period- ically to verify that they are filled and in operating condition. 7703.3 Explosive Materials Terminals. 7703.2.6 Vehicle inspection. Vehicles used to transport explo- 7703.3.1 Quantities at terminals. The chief is authorized to sive materials shall be inspected by the person to whom a permit designate the location and specify the maximum quantity of ex- has been issued for such vehicles in order to determine that: plosive materials allowed to be loaded,unloaded,reloaded or tem- porarily retained at each terminal where such operations are 1. Electric wires are insulated and securely fastened, permitted. 2. The engine chassis and body are reasonably clean and free of 7703.3.2 Other regulations. Shipments of explosive materials excessive grease and oil, delivered to carriers shall be in accordance with DOT regulations. 3. The fuel tanks and fuel lines are securely fastened and not 7703.3.3 Placarding. Vehicles,while in the terminal,shall con- leaking, tinue to exhibit the placarding required by DOT regulations. 4. Brakes,lights,horn,windshield wipers and steering mecha- 7703.3.4 Notification. Carriers shall immediately notify con- nism are functioning properly, signees of arrival of explosive materials at terminals. 5. Tires are properly inflated and free from defects,and 7703.3.5 Terminal requirements. Truck terminals where ex- 6. The vehicle is in proper condition for transporting explosive plosive materials are loaded,unloaded or transferred shall be in materials. accordance with the following conditions: 7703.2.7 Nonsparking tools. Spark-producing metal tools shall 1. There shall not be aboveground storage tanks of flammable not be carried in the cargo compartment of a vehicle transporting or combustible liquids or other hazardous materials on the termi- explosive materials. nal property which would present a significant exposure hazard to 7703.2.8 Sources of ignition. Smoking, carrying matches or the operation of the terminal or to adjacent properties, other flame-producing devices, carrying firearms or loaded car- 2. The terminal property shall be sufficiently large that docking tridges while in or near a vehicle transporting explosive materials, or vehicle storage areas containing explosives shall be a minimum and driving,loading or unloading any such vehicle in a careless or of 75 feet(22 860 mm)from adjoining property lines, reckless manner are prohibited. 3. Adequate access to adjoining streets shall be provided to and EXCEPTION: As allowed by Department of Defense or DOT reg- from the terminal property. Local routes between terminals and ulations. those to and from state-approved routes shall be as prescribed by 7703.2.9 Personnel qualifications. Vehicles transporting ex- the chief, plosive materials shall be in the custody of drivers who are physi- 4. Explosives shall be kept in vehicles except during transfer- cally fit; careful; capable; reliable; able to read and write the ring or loading operations, English language;not addicted to the use or under the influence of 5. Specific areas of docks shall be designated for the holding of intoxicants,narcotics or DEA-controlled substances;and are not explosive materials for not more than 72 hours during loading or less than 21 years of age.They shall be familiar with federal,state transferring operations. A minimum distance shall be specified and local traffic regulations,and the provisions of Article 77 gov- and maintained between this designated area and other materials erning the transportation of explosive materials. on the dock.Combustible storage and flammable and combustible 7703.2.10 Placarding. Vehicles transporting explosive materi- liquids shall be kept the greatest possible distance from this als shall display placards, lettering or numbering required by designated area, DOT. 6. At all times,a guard shall be on duty on the terminal proper- ty.The guard shall be capable of driving all equipment in the area. 7703.2.11 Detonator identification. When detonators are At times when there are a substantial number of vehicles carrying transported on the same motor vehicle with other explosive mate- explosive materials in the terminal,additional persons capable of rials,they shall be packaged,labeled,placarded and loaded in ac- driving shall be provided, cordance with DOT regulations. 1 7. Adequate security against unauthorized persons entering the 7703.2.12 Transportation routes. Vehicles transporting explo- terminal area shall be provided. In metropolitan areas,this shall sive materials shall be routed to avoid congested traffic and heavi- include a fence and gates, ly populated areas. The chief is authorized to designate such 8. The terminal shall be adequately lighted for normal observa- routes of travel and the times of use. tion of all vehicles containing explosive materials, 7703.2.13 Vehicular tunnels. Explosive materials shall not be 9. Approved fire-protection appliances shall be provided for transported through completed vehicular tunnels which prohibit the loading dock near the designated explosive materials area and the transport of explosive materials. near the parked vehicles, 1-155 7703.3.5 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7704.5 10. An approved,isolated area of the terminal property shall be 1.5—see Appendix VI-F) and fireworks shall be in accordance designated for vehicles containing explosive materials, with Section 7704. 11. Vehicles containing special inherent hazards shall be kept EXCEPTIONS: Section 7704 does not apply to the hand loading separated from the area designated for the parking of explosive of small arms ammunition prepared for personal use and not for resale. materials vehicles,and 2.Section 7704 does not apply to the mixing and loading of blasting 12. Shipments of explosive materials shall be transported with- agents(Explosives,Division 1.5—see Appendix VI-F)at blasting sites provided all necessary safety precautions are taken. out unnecessary delay.Delays shall not exceed 72 hours. 7704.2 Required Information. 7703.4 Blasting Agents. 7704.2.1 General. Prior to manufacturing, assembling, testing 7703.4.1 Transportation and storage.Blasting agents(Explo- or loading explosives, ammunition,blasting agents(Explosives, sives, 1.5D—see Appendix VI-F)shall be transported in accord- Division 1.5—see Appendix VI-F)or fireworks,the chief shall be ance with DOT regulations and stored in accordance with federal, furnished with the following information: state and local regulations. 1. The exact location of the place of manufacture, 7703.4.2 Ammonium nitrate storage. Ammonium nitrate stored at a closer distance to the blasting agent storage area than 2. The kind of explosives,ammunition,blasting agents(Explo- provided in Section 7703.4.3 shall be calculated in accordance sives, Division 1.5—see Appendix VI-F) or fireworks to be with nationally recognized standards.See Appendix VI-F. manufactured or processed and the property of hazardous materials to be used, 7703.4.3 Intraplant separation. Minimum intraplant separa- tion distances between mixing units and the ammonium nitrate 3. The names and addresses of individual owners,partners or fficers of the corporation, storage areas and blasting agent storage areas shall be in accord- o ance with nationally recognized standards.See Appendix VI-F. 4. A plot plan of the operating premises with the operating buildings indicated in which greater than 1 pound(0.45 kg)of ex- 7703.5 Safety Precautions for Blasting Agents. plosives is manufactured,handled,used or stored.The maximum 7703.5.1 Mixing facilities. Buildings or other facilities used for amount of explosives greater than 1 pound(0.45 kg)to be used in mixing blasting agents shall be located away from inhabited each building,number of persons in each operating building,bar- buildings,passenger railways and public highways in accordance ricade locations and dimensions,and the location and capacity of with nationally recognized standards.See Appendix VI-F. storage magazines,and EXCEPTION: Bulk mixing and delivery equipment for shot serv- 5. A copy of the general safety rules which the manufacturer ice delivery. will enforce, including plans for emergency procedures in the 7703.5.2 Production quantities. Not more than eight hours' event of fire or explosion. production of blasting agents or the limit determined by nationally 7704.2.2 Retention of plans. A copy of the plans of the plant recognized standards (see Appendix VI-F), whichever is less, shall be kept in the office on the premises of each explosive, shall be located in or near the building used for mixing blasting ammunition, blasting agents (Explosives, Division 1.5—see agents. Larger quantities shall be stored in magazines. Appendix VI-F) or fireworks manufacturing plant and shall be 7703.5.3 Construction. Buildings or other facilities used for the made available to the chief upon request. mixing of blasting agents shall be designed and constructed in ac- 7704.3 Training. Workers who handle explosives or explosive cordance with the Building Code. charges or dispose of explosives shall be trained in the hazards of 7703.5.4 Compounding and mixing. Compounding and mix- the materials and processes in which they are to be engaged and in ' ing of approved formulations of blasting agents shall be con- the safety rules governing such materials and processes. ducted in accordance with federal,state and local regulations. 7704.4 Emergency Procedures. Approved emergency proce- 7703.5.5 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flames shall be dures shall be developed for each plant.Such procedures shall in- prohibited in or within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of buildings or facili- clude personal instruction in any emergency that could be ties used for the mixing of blasting agents. anticipated. Personnel shall be made aware of an emergency 7703.5.6 Disposal of oxidizer bags. Empty oxidizer bags shall Warning signal. be disposed in an approved manner. 7704.5 Intraplant Separation of Operating Buildings. Mass- detonating explosives and fireworks manufacturing buildings,in- SECTION 7704—MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING cluding those where explosive charges are assembled, AND TESTING manufactured, prepared or loaded, shall be separated from all other buildings, including magazines,within the confines of the 7704.1 General. Manufacture,assembly,testing and loading of manufacturing plant by a distance not less than those shown in explosives, ammunition, blasting agents (Explosives, Division Table 7704.5-A. 1-156 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7704.5-A 7704.6-7704.8.1 TABLE 7704.5-A-MINIMUM INTRAPLANT SEPARATION BETWEEN OPERATING BUILDINGS CONTAINING MASS-DETONATING EXPLOSIVES OR FIREWORKS MANUFACTURING1 EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS(pounds) MINIMUM DISTANCE EXPLOSIVE OR FIREWORKS(pounds) MINIMUM DISTANCE x 0.454 for k9 (feet) x 0.454 for kg (feet) Over Not Over x 304.8 for mm Over Not Over x 304.8 for mm 50 60 20,000 25,000 530 50 100 80 25,000 30,000 560 100 200 100 30,000 35,000 590 200 300 120 35,000 40,000 620 300 400 130 40,000 45,000 640 400 500 140 45,000 50,000 660 500 600 150 50,000 55,000 680 600 700 160 55,000 60,000 700 700 800 170 60,000 65,000 720 800 900 180 65,000 70,000 740 900 1,000 190 70,000 75,000 770 1,000 1,500 210 75,000 80,000 780 1,500 2,000 230 80,000 85,000 790 2,000 3,000 260 85,000 90,000 800 3,000 4,000 280 90,000 95,000 820 4,000 5,000 300 95,000 100,000 830 5,000 6,000 320 100,000 125,000 900 6,000 7,000 340 125,000 150,000 950 7,000 8,000 360 150,000 175,000 1,000 8,000 9,000 380 175,000 200,000 1,050 9,000 10,000 400 200,000 225,000 1,100 10,000 15,000 450 225,000 250,000 1,150 15,000 20,000 490 t When a building or magazine containing explosives is provided with barricades,the intraline distances shown are allowed to be reduced by one half. 7704.6 Buildings and Equipment. lives or pyrotechnic materials are done shall be provided with ap- 7704.6.1 Construction. Operating buildings or rooms which proved static controls. exceed the exempt amounts of explosives specified in the Build- 7704.7.3 Explosive containers. Bulk explosives shall be kept in ing Code shall be constructed in accordance with the Building approved nonsparking containers when not being used or pro- Code. cessed.Explosives shall not be stored or transported in open con- tainers. 7704.6.2 Explosive dust. Explosive dust shall not be exhausted to the atmosphere. 7704.7.4 Allowable quantities. The quantity of explosives at a workstation shall not exceed the quantity posted on the load limit When collecting explosive dust,a"wet'collector system shall signs established by the intraplant distances.See Table 7704.5-A. be used.Wetting agents shall be compatible with the explosives. 7704.7.5 Waste receptacles. Approved receptacles with covers Explosive dusts shall be removed from the collection chamber shall be provided for each location for disposing of waste material as often as necessary to prevent overloading. The entire system and debris.These waste receptacles shall be emptied and cleaned shall be cleaned at a frequency that will eliminate hazardous con- as often as necessary but not less than once each day or at the end centrations of explosive dusts in pipes,tubing or ducts. of each shift. 7704.6.3 Intrinsically safe ventilation system. Squirrel cage 7704.7.6 Posting of pertinent information. General safety blowers shall not be used for exhausting hazardous fumes,vapors rules and operating instructions governing the particular opera- or gases.Nonferrous fan blades shall be used for fans located with- tion or process carried on at that location shall be available at each in the ductwork and through which hazardous materials are ex- location. hausted. Motors shall be located outside the duct. 7704.7.7 Posted limits. Personnel and explosive limits shall be 7704.6.4 Workstation protection. Workstations shall be sepa- posted. rated by distance,barrier or other approved alternates so that fire 7704.7.8 Maintenance. Regular maintenance and repair work in one station will not ignite material in the next workstation. shall not be performed in an explosive area until explosives are re- When necessary,each operator shall be protected by a personnel moved and the area is made safe. shield located between the operator and the explosive device or explosive material being processed. This shield and its support EXCEPTION: Minor adjustments or emergency repairs to secure shall be a tested design to withstand a blast from the maximum immediate safety. amount of explosives allowed behind it. 7704.7.9 Spills. Spilled or dropped explosives shall be cleaned 7704.7 Operations. up at once. 7704.7.10 Contaminated materials. Shipping containers, 7704.7.1 Remote processing. When the type of material and cleaning rags and other materials contaminated with explosives processing warrants,mechanical operations involving explosives shall be removed daily and disposed in an approved,safe manner. in excess of 1 pound(0.45 kg)shall be performed at isolated sta- tions or at intraplant distances,and machinery shall be controlled hall n ll n.11 Storage. Fireworks,explosives and explosive charges s from remote locations behind substantial barricades or at separa- tions so that workers can remain at a safe distance while machin- EXCEPTION: Approved curing or drying operation. ery is operating. 7704.8 Explosive Materials Testing Sites. 7704.7.2 Static control. The working area where the screening, 7704.8.1 Location. Detonation of explosive materials or grinding,blending and other processing of static-sensitive explo- ignition of fireworks for testing purposes shall be performed only 1-157 7704.8.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7704.9.4 in isolated areas at special sites where distance; protection from explosive materials and fireworks shall be located in accordance missiles, shrapnel or flyrock by barricades,bunkers or adequate with nationally recognized standards.See Appendix VI-F.When shelter; and other safeguards to assure adequate protection to possible,barricades shall be utilized between the destruction site prevent injury to personnel or damage to property are provided. and inhabited buildings. See Section 7704.9. 7704.9.2 Reuse of site. Unless an approved burning site has 7704.8.2 Personal protective equipment. Protective clothing been thoroughly saturated with water and has passed a safety and equipment shall be provided to protect persons engaged in the inspection,48 hours shall elapse between the completion of a burn testing,ignition or detonation of explosive materials. and the placement of scrap explosive materials for a subsequent 7704.8.3 Test site safeguards. When tests are being conducted burn. or explosives are being detonated,only authorized persons shall 7704.9.3 Personnel safeguards. Once an explosive burn opera- be present. Areas where explosives are regularly or frequently tion has started,personnel shall relocate to a safe location where detonated or burned shall be fenced and posted with adequate adequate protection from air blast and flying debris is provided. warning signs. Adequate warning devices shall be used before Personnel shall not return to the burn area until the person in burning or detonating explosives to warn persons who might charge has inspected the burn site and determined that it is safe for approach from any direction that they are approaching a danger personnel to return. zone. 7704.9 Disposal of Waste Explosive Materials. 7704.9.4 Standby personnel. When required by the chief, standby personnel shall be provided until such time as the site is 7704.9.1 Disposal site safeguards. Sites for the destruction of determined to be safe.See Section 2501.18. 1-158 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7801 7802.4.4.4 ARTICLE 78- FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL SECTION 7801 —GENERAL 7802.3 Prohibition. The storage,use and handling of fireworks are prohibited. 7801.1 Scope. Fireworks and temporary storage, use and han- dling of pyrotechnic special effects material used in motion pic- EXCEPTIONS:1. Storage and handling of fireworks are allowed tures, television, and theatrical and group entertainment as required for explosives in Article 77. Sec- productions Shall be in accordance with Article 78. 2. The use of fireworks for display is allowed as set forth in Sec- tion 7802.4. 7801.2 Definitions. TABLE 7802.3-A—MINIMUM MORTAR SEPARATION DISTANCES 7801.2.1 General. For the definitions of AERIAL SHELL; MIN MUM FROM BINARY EXPLOSIVE;BREAK(Aerial Shell);DESIGNATED SPECTATOR V EW NIG AREAS, LANDING AREA;EXPLOSIVE; EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS; MORTAR DIAMETER(inches) VEHICLES AND BUILDINGS(feet) ' FIREWORKS; FIREWORKS, 1.4G; FIREWORKS, 1.3G; x 25.4 for mm x 0.3048 for m FIXED GROUND PIECE; GROUND PIECE; HIGH EXPLO- less than 3 140 SIVE;LOW EXPLOSIVE;MORTAR;PYROTECHNIC OPER- 3 210 ATOR; PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL; 4 280 READY BOX;and SAFETY CAP,see Article 2. 5 420 6 0 7 490 7801.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 78, 8 560 certain terms are defined as follows: 10 100 12 840 DISPLAY is an outdoor display of aerial shells or ground dis- 1 greater than 12 Approved play pieces. TEMPORARY STORAGE is storage of pyrotechnic special 7802.4 Displays. effects material on site for a period of time of 72 hours or less. 7802.4.1 General. Fireworks displays shall be in accordance 7801.3 Permits. with Section 7802.4.Only fireworks 1AG(Class C Common)and fireworks 1.3G(special fireworks)are allowed to be used.When 7801.3.1 Fireworks. fireworks 1.3G(special fireworks)are used,see Section 7703. 7801.3.1.1 Manufacturing. The manufacturing of fireworks is 7802.4.2 Pyrotechnic operator. Fireworks display operations prohibited except under special permits as required by local and shall be under the direct supervision of a pyrotechnic operator. state regulations. See Section 105,Permit e.1. The pyrotechnic operator shall be responsible for all aspects of a display related to pyrotechnics. 7801.3.1.2 Displays. Permits are required to conduct a fire- works display. See Section 105, Permit f.2. Permit application 7802.4.3 Bond. The permittee shall furnish a bond or certificate shall be made not less than 14 days prior to the scheduled date of of insurance in an amount deemed adequate by the chief for the the display.The permit application shall include a diagram of the payment of damages which could be caused either to a person or grounds on which the display is to be held showing the point at persons or to property by reason of the permitted display and aris- which the fireworks are to be discharged; the location of build- ing from acts of the permittee,agents,employees or subcontrac- ings,highways and other lines of communication;the lines behind tors. which the audience will be restrained;and the location of nearby 7802.4.4 Mortars for aerial shell displays. trees, telegraph or telephone lines and other overhead obstruc- tions. At the time of permit application, the chief shall be con- 7802.4.4.1 Site criteria. Mortars for aerial displays shall be sep- sulted regarding requirements for standby fire apparatus. arated from spectator viewing areas,vehicles and buildings as set 7801.3.2 Pyrotechnic special effects material. A permit is re- forth in Table 7802.3-A. quired to manufacture,compound, store or use pyrotechnic spe- EXCEPTION: The chief is authorized to modify separation dis- cial effects material. A permit for use shall be granted only to a tance requirements based on characteristics of specific sites. pyrotechnic operator.See Section 105,Permit p.3. The designated landing area shall be an approved large,clear, open area. Spectators, vehicles and combustible materials shall not be allowed within the designated landing area.The designated SECTION 7802—FIREWORKS landing area shall not be within 100 feet(30 480 mm)of tents,ca- nopies and membrane structures. 7802.1 General. Storage,use and handling of fireworks shall be in accordance with Section 7802. 7802.4.4.2 Construction. Mortars shall be approved for use with the aerial shells to be fired.Mortars shall be constructed of EXCEPTIONS:1. The use of fireworks by railroads or other heavy cardboard,paper or metal other than cast iron. transportation agencies for signaling or illumination. 2. The sale or use of blank cartridges for theatrics, signaling or 7802.4.4.3 Inspection. Prior to placement,mortars shall be in- ceremonial purposes. spected for defects such as dents,bent ends,damaged interiors and 3. The use of fireworks by the United States Armed Forces. damaged plugs.Mortars found to be defective shall not be used. 7802.2 Seizure of Fireworks. The chief is authorized to seize, 7802.4.4.4 Positioning. Mortars shall be positioned so that aeri- take,remove or cause to be removed at the expense of the owner al shells are directed over the designated landing area and away all stocks of fireworks offered or exposed for sale,stored or held in from ground pieces.Mortars shall not be angled toward spectator violation of Article 78. viewing areas. 1-159 7802.4.4.4 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7802.4.9.5 The trajectory of aerial shells shall be arranged such that a mini- 7802.4.5.3 Securing. Poles for ground pieces shall be securely mum clearance of 25 feet(7620 mm) is maintained from potential placed and braced. obstructions. 7802.4.6 Electrical fire units. Seamed metal mortars shall be placed such that the seam of a mortar faces to the side rather than to the top or bottom. 7802.4.6.1 General. Electrical firing units shall be in accord- ance with Section 7802.4.6. 7802.4.4.5 Securing. Mortars shall be buried to a depth of not less than two thirds of their length,either in the ground or in above- 7802.4.6.2 Wiring. Electrical wiring associated with an electri- ground troughs or drums.In soft ground,wood not less than 2 in- cal firing unit shall be prevented from contacting metal objects in ches (50.8 mm)nominal thickness or rock slabs shall be placed contact with the ground. beneath mortars which will be used more than once to prevent 7802.4.6.3 Power supply. AC-powered electrical firing units their sinking or being driven into the ground during firing. shall be isolated from the power source using an isolation trans- EXCEPTION: Approved securely positioned mortar racks are al- former. lowed for the firing of single-break shells 6 inches(152.4 mm)or less in diameter. 7802.4.6.4 Security. Electrical firing units shall require opera- 7802.4.4.6 Mortar separation. Mortars that are buried in the tion of a key-operated switch or other similar device to prevent un- ground, in troughs or in drums shall be separated from adjacent authorized operation. mortars by a distance equal to or greater than the diameter of the EXCEPTION: Hand-held electrical firing units connected to fire- mortar. works only during a display. EXCEPTION: Electrically fired mortars. 7802.4.6.5 Manually activated firing units. Manually acti- vated electrical firing units shall require two or more distinct ac- 7802.4.4.7 Moisture protection. In damp ground,a weather-re- tions to apply electric current to an electric match. sistant bag shall be placed under the bottoms of mortars prior to placement in the ground to protect mortars from moisture.Weath- 7802.4.6.6 Automatic-firing units. Automatic-sequencing- er-resistant bags shall be placed over the open end of mortars in type electrical firing units shall include a momentary contact damp weather to keep moisture from accumulating on the inside switch which must be held to cause application of current to an surface of mortars. electric match and which will immediately disconnect current to all electric matches upon release. 7802.4.4.8 Ground burst protection. Sand bags,dirt boxes or other suitable protection shall be placed around mortars on the up- 7802.4.6.7 Testing of firing circuits. The pyrotechnic operator range side to protect the operator from ground bursts. shall ensure that personnel are kept at a safe distance from fire- works which are connected to electrical firing units during testing. 7802.4.4.9 Paper mortars. Electrical firing units with integral test circuits shall be designed 7802.4.4.9.1 Convolute. Paper mortars constructed of convo- to limit the maximum current output during a test to 0.05 ampere lute wound paper shall be approved for the size aerial shells being or to 20 percent of the no-fire current of electric matches,which- discharged having a maximum double break. ever is less. Multitesters shall not be used for testing unless the maximum current output has been measured and determined not 7802.4.4.9.2 Spiral wound. Spiral-wound paper mortars shall to exceed the current output limits for integral test circuits. not be used for greater than 3-inch (76.2 mm) diameter aerial 7802.4.7 Inspection. Fireworks shall be inspected upon deliv- shells with a maximum double break. ery to the display site by the pyrotechnic operator. Aerial shells 7802.4.4.10 Grouping mortars. Mortars of the same diameter, having tears, leaks or broken fuses or showing signs of having which are to be reloaded during a display,shall be grouped togeth- been wet shall be properly disposed of. er such that various sizes are not intermixed.Groups shall be sepa- 7802.4.8 Supervision. Fireworks shall not be left unattended or rated. allowed to become wet at the display site. 7802.4.4.11 Loose gravel and rocks. Loose gravel, rocks and 7802.4.9 Display operation. other loose solid objects shall be removed from the area around mortars to prevent such materials from being thrown from ground 7802.4.9.1 General. Display operation shall be in accordance bursts during firing. with Section 7802.4.9. 7802.4.4.12 Cleaning tool. When mortars are to be fired more 7802.4.9.2 Fire protection. When required by the chief,the py- than once during a display,a cleaning tool shall be available for the rotechnic operator shall provide portable fire extinguishers for the cleaning of debris from mortars as necessary.For metal mortars, discharge area and arrange for standby fire apparatus for protec- the tool shall be nonsparking. tion down range. 7802.4.5 Ground pieces. 7802.4.9.3 Monitors. The pyrotechnic operator shall employ 7802.4.5.1 Location. Ground pieces shall be located not less monitors whose sole duty shall be the enforcement of crowd con- trol around the display area.Unauthorized persons shall not be al- than 150 feet(45 720 mm)from spectators and vehicles;not less lowed to enter the discharge site until the site has been inspected than 100 feet (30 480 mm) from tents, canopies or membrane after the display by the pyrotechnic operator. structures; not less than 100 feet(30 480 mm)from mortars;and outside of the designated landing area. 7802.4.9.4 Barriers. The chief is authorized to require rope bar- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Fixed ground pieces are allowed not less than riers,fences,signs or other devices to be installed around the dis- 75 feet(22 860 mm)from spectators and vehicles. play area to aid in crowd control. 2. Electrically fired ground pieces are allowed in the designated 7802.4.9.5 Display discontinued. If the chief or the pyrotechnic landing area. operator determines that there is a lack of crowd control or that the 7802.4.5.2 Combustibles. The area beneath ground pieces shall crowd is in danger,the display shall be immediately discontinued. be free of dry grass and combustibles. If at any time high winds or wet weather creates a danger,the dis- 1-160 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7802.4.9.5 7803.4.5 play shall be postponed until weather conditions are acceptable to SECTION 7803—PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS the chief. MATERIAL 7802.4.9.6 Illumination. Display operators shall use only flash- 7803.1 General. Temporary storage,use and handling of pyro- lights or electric lighting for illumination. technic special effects material used in motion picture,television, theatrical and group entertainment productions shall be in accord- 7802.4.9.7 Smoking and open flames. Smoking and use.of ance with Section 7803.Permanent storage of pyrotechnic special open flames are prohibited in the aerial shell storage area. NO effects material shall be in accordance with Article 77. SMOKING OR OPEN FLAME signs shall be conspicuously 7803.2 Classification of Materials. Pyrotechnic special effects posted. material shall be classified in accordance with DOT regulations and procedures.See Appendix VI-F. 7802.4.9.8 Aerial shells. EXCEPTION: Pyrotechnic special effects material which is manufactured on-site and which is in storage or use need not be classi- 7802.4.9.8.1 General. Aerial shell operations shall be in ac- fied. cordance with Section 7802.4.9.8. 7803.3 Construction of Magazines. Magazines used for the. storage of pyrotechnic special effects material shall be 7802.4.9.8.2 Ready boxes. Ready boxes shall be located not constructed in accordance with Section 7702.3. less than 25 feet(7620 mm)in an upwind direction from mortars. 7803.4 Storage. 7802.4.9.8.3 Transporting and loading. Aerial shells shall be 7803.4.1 Fireworks 1.4G. Fireworks I AG (Class C common ' carried to mortars by the shell body. For the purpose of loading fireworks)shall be stored in accordance with the requirements for mortars,aerial shells shall be held by the thick portion of the fuse low explosives in Article 77. and carefully lowered into mortars. 7803.4.2 Other pyrotechnic special effects material. 7802.4.9.8.4 Proper fit. Aerial shells shall be checked for prop- 7803.4.2.1 General. Storage of pyrotechnic special effects ma- er fit in mortars prior to discharge.The pyrotechnic operator shall terial other than fireworks I AG(Class C common fireworks)shall ' inspect all aerial shells to be certain that they are properly seated in be in accordance with the requirements of Sections 7702 and mortars prior to firing.Aerial shells that do not fit properly shall 7803.4.2. not be fired. Containers of explosive materials shall.be closed when stored. 7802.4.9.8.5 Safety cap. The safety cap protecting a fuse shall 7803.4.2.2 Storage magazines. not be removed until immediately before an aerial shell is to be fired. 7803.4.2.2.1 Within buildings. Explosives stored within a building shall not exceed 50 pounds (22.7 kg). Low explosives 7802.4.9.8.6 Ignition. Aerial shells shall be ignited by lighting stored within a building shall be stored in a Type 2 or 4 magazine. the.tips of fuses with a fuse, torch, portfire, electrical ignition High explosives shall be stored in a Type 2 magazine. source or similar device.Operators shall not place any part of their Detonators shall be stored in a separate Type 2 magazine. bodies over the throat of a mortar. 7803.4.2.2.2 Outside of buildings. Pyrotechnic special effects 7802.4.9.8.7 Trajectory. The first aerial shell fired shall be material which is to be stored outdoors shall be stored in a Type 2 carefully'observed to determine that its trajectory will carry it into or 4 magazine.Pyrotechnic special effects material which is class the intended firing range and that the aerial shell will function over sified as a high explosive,including detonating cord and detona- and debris will drop into the designated landing area. Mortars tors that will mass detonate,such as fuse caps,shall be stored in a shall be reangled or reset if necessary at any time during the dis- Type 2 magazine. play to properly maintain trajectories over the designated landing When a Type 4 magazine is used for outdoor storage,such stor- area. age shall be in a constantly attended location or, if,unattended, shall have wheels removed or the magazine immobilized by king- 7802.4.9.8.8 Defective aerial shells. If an aerial shell fails to ig- pin locking devices or by other approved security measures.When nite in a mortar,the mortar shall be left alone for a minimum of 15 a quantity in excess of 50 pounds(22.7 kg)of explosive materials minutes,then carefully flooded with water.Immediately follow-' is stored•outside of a building,such storage shall be located in ac- ing the display,and not less than 5 minutes after flooding the mor- cordance with nationally recognized standards. See Appendix tar,the mortar shall be emptied into a bucket of water and properly VI-F. disposed of. Damaged aerial shells shall not be repaired or dis- mantled. 7803.4.3 Storage against walls. Explosive materials within a magazine shall not be placed directly against interior walls and 7802.4.9.8.9 Range inspection. The entire firing range shall be shall not interfere with ventilation. To prevent contact of stored inspected immediately following a display and prior to allowing explosive materials with walls,a nonsparking lattice-work or oth- public access for the purpose of locating unexploded aerial shells. er nonsparking material is allowed to be used. Such shells shall not be handled within 15 minutes of their firing. 7803.4.4 Marking of containers. Containers of explosive ma- Such shells shall then be doused with water,allowed to stand for terials shall be stored such that identifying marks are visible. not less than 5 minutes and placed in a bucket of water. Stocks of explosive materials shall be stored so they can be easily When the firing range cannot be thoroughly inspected due to counted and checked upon inspection. darkness,the site shall be reinspected the following morning. 7803.4.5 Unpacking and repacking containers. Containers of explosive materials shall not be unpacked or repacked inside a 7802.4.9.8.10 Record. The pyrotechnic operator shall keep a magazine or within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of a magazine,and shall record of aerial shells that fail to ignite or fail to function. not be unpacked or repacked close to other explosive materials. 1-161 7803.4.5 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7803.9 EXCEPTION: Unpacking and repacking of fiberboard and other 7803.8.1.2 Preparation. The company or producer shall allo- nonmetallic containers. cate sufficient time to the pyrotechnic operator to prepare for the 7803.4.6 Tools. Tools used for opening or closing containers of transportation,packing,storing and daily securing,and to dispose explosive materials shall be of nonsparking materials. A wood of or otherwise handle pyrotechnic special effects material in a wedge and a fiber,rubber or wooden mallet shall be used for open- safe manner. ing or closing wood containers of explosive materials. Metal tools, other than nonsparking transfer conveyors, shall not be 7803.8.1.3 Crowd control. Onlookers shall be kept at a safe dis- stored in magazines containing high explosives. tance from the area where the pyrotechnic special effects material EXCEPTION: Metal slitters are allowed to be used for opening fi- is discharged and so restrained until the area is cleared. berboard containers. 7803.8.2 Smoke control. When pyrotechnic special effects 7803.5 Smoking and Open Flames. Controls on smoking and material is fired within a building,the quantity of smoke devel- open flames shall be in accordance with Sections 7702.1.14, oped shall not obscure the visibility of exit signs or paths of egress 7703.1.4 and 7703.1.5. travel. 7803.6 Housekeeping. Housekeeping shall be in accordance The maximum density of smoke shall be approved,and the py- with Article 77. rotechnic operator shall ensure that the maximum density is not exceeded. 7803.7 Pyrotechnic Operators. A pyrotechnic operator shall obtain required permits and be responsible for notifying the chief When required by the chief,provisions shall be made to confine prior to using the pyrotechnic special effects material.The pyro- smoke generated by pyrotechnic special effects material to an ap- technic operator shall have the authority and responsibility for the proved area and to remove such smoke from the building. storage,use and handling of the pyrotechnic special effects mate- rial. The authority of the pyrotechnic operator shall not be as- 7803.8.3 Binary explosives. When binary explosives are used, sumed by anyone and shall be superseded only the chief. the compounding and firing shall be performed by a pyrotechnic operator.Firing shall be subject to the conditions described in the 7803.8 Use of Pyrotechnic Special Effects Material. permit. 7803.8.1 General precautions. 7803.8.4 Surplus materials. Surplus materials shall be proper- 7803.8.1.1 Demonstration and approval. When required by ly stored until it can be disposed of in a safe manner. the chief,a test shall be conducted to demonstrate the safe use of 7803.9 Standby Personnel and Equipment. When necessary pyrotechnic special effects material prior to normal use. for the preservation of life or property,the chief is authorized to The use of pyrotechnic special effects material shall be ap- require the attendance of standby personnel and fire equipment as proved by the pyrotechnic operator in charge. set forth in Section 2501.18. 1-162 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7901 7901.4.2.1 ARTICLE 79-FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SECTION 7901 -GENERAL 2.2 A metal floating cover supported by liquid-tight metal pon= 7901.1 Scope. toons or floats which provide sufficient buoyancy to pre- vent sinking of the cover when one half of the pontoons or 7901.1.1 General. Storage, use, dispensing, mixing and,han- floats is punctured. dling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance An internal metal floating pan,roof or cover which does with Article 79. not meet the requirements of Item 2,or one which uses plas- EXCEPTIONS:1.As otherwise provided in other laws or iegula- tic foam,except for seals,for flotation,even if capsulated in tions., metal or fiberglass,shall be treated as a fixed roof tank."' 7 2.Alcoholic beverages in retail sales or storage uses,provided the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. MIXING is the combining, blending or bringing together 3.Medicines,foodstuffs and cosmetics containing not more than 50 within the same container,tank or vessel flammable or combus- percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of tible liquids or other materials whereby flammable vapors'could the solution not being flammable,in retail sales or storage uses when be liberated to the atmosphere. packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. OUTDOOR AREA is a single;contiguous property exterior to 4.Storage and use of fuel-oil tanks and containers connected to oil- buildings or without buildings thereon which is under the owner- burning equipment.Such storage and use shall be in accordance with ship or control of a single person.See also definition of PERSON ' Article 61 and the Mechanical Code.For abandonment of tanks,Ar- in Section 217. ticle 79 shall apply. 5. Refrigerant liquids and refrigerant oils within an approved STORAGE is the keeping,retention or leaving of flammable or closed-cycle refrigeration system complying with the Mechanical combustible liquids in closed containers,tanks or similar vessels. Code.See Article 63. " 6.Storage and display of aerosol products.See Article 88. 7901.3 Permits and Plans. . 7.Materials which are solid at 100°F(37.8°C)or above. 7901.3.1 Permits. See also Section,105,Permits f.3.l.through 8.Storage of liquids that have no fire point when tested in accord- f.3.7.A permit is required to: ance with nationally recognized standards.See Section 9003,Stand- and a.4.5. 1. Install, operate, repair or modify pipelines, equipment-or 9.Liquids without flash points that can be flammable under some facilities where flammable or combustible liquids are'produced, conditions, such as'certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures processed,dispensed,stored,handled or used. containing halogenated hydrocarbons. 2. Store, handle, transport,dispense, mix, blend or use flam- 7901.1.2 Material classification. Flammable and combustible mable or combustible liquids in excess of quantities specifted in liquids shall be classified in accordance with Article 2 and as set Section 105. forth in Table 7901.1-A. 3. Remove,abandon,place temporarily out of service or other- 7901.2 Definitions. wise dispose of a flammable or combustible liquids tank. 4. Install,construct,alter or operate tank vehicles,equipment, 7901.2.1 General. For definitions of ATMOSPHERIC TANK; tanks, plants, terminals, wells, refineries and similar facilities AUTOMATIC FIRE CHECK;BOILING POINT;BOILOVER; where flammable and combustible liquids are produced, pro- CLASSIFIED PRODUCT;CLOSED CONTAINER;COMBUS- TIBLE LIQUID; CONDENSATE TANKS; DIP TANK; DIS- cessed,transported,stored,dispensed or used. PENSING;DOT;FIRE POINT;FIXED ROOF TANK;FLAME 5. Change the type of contents stored in a flammable or com- ARRESTER; FLAMMABLE LIQUID; FLASH POINT; bustible liquid tank to a material other than that for which the tank LABELED; LIQUID; LIQUID STORAGE ROOM; LIQUID was designed and constructed. STORAGE WAREHOUSE; LISTED; LOW-PRESSURE 7901.3.2 Plans. Plans shall be submitted with each application TANK; PORTABLE TANK; REMOTE SOLVENT RES- for a permit to store more than 5,000 gallons(18 925 L)of liquids ERVOIR;RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCY,UNSTABLE(Reac- outside of buildings in drums or tanks.The plans shall indicate the tive)LIQUID;USE(Material);USE,CLOSED SYSTEM;USE, method of storage,quantities to be stored,distances from build- OPEN SYSTEM,see Article 2. ings and property lines,accessways,fire-protection facilities,and 7901.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 79, provisions for spill control and secondary containment. certain terms are defined as follows: 7901.4 Electrical. CONTAINER is a vessel of 60 U.S.gallons(227.1 L)or less 7901.4.1 General. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be capacity used for transporting or storing flammable or combus- installed and maintained in accordance with the Electrical Code tible liquids.Pipes,piping systems,engines and engine fuel tanks and as otherwise required by Article 79. are not considered to be containers. FLOATING ROOF TANK is a tank which incorporates 7901.4.2 Classified locations. either: 7901.4.2.1 Flammable liquids. Areas where flammable liquids 1. A pontoon or double-deck metal floating roof in an open-top are stored, handled, dispensed or mixed shall be in accordance tank,or with Tables 5202.6-A and 7901.4-A.A classified area shall not ex- tend beyond an unpierced floor,roof or other solid partition. 2. A fixed metal roof with ventilation at the top and roof eaves The extent of the classified area may be reduced, or the area and containing a metal floating roof or cover meeting the follow- eliminated, if sufficient technical justification is provided to the ing requirements: chief that a concentration in the area in excess of 25 percent lower 2.1 A pontoon or double-deck metal floating roof,or flammability limit cannot be generated. 1-163 7901.4.2.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7901.11.1.1 7901.4.2.2 Combustible liquids. Areas where Class II or III liq- discharge of flammable or combustible liquids. Spills shall be uids which are heated above their flash points are stored,handled cleaned up promptly. or dispensed shall have electrical installations in accordance with 7901.7.3 Leaking containers. Where flammable or combus- Article 79. See also Table 7901.]-A,Footnote 1. tible liquids are stored in containers,provisions shall be made and 7901.4.3 Other applications. The chief shall determine the ex- maintained for the detection of leakage.Leaking containers shall tent of the Class I electrical equipment and wiring location when a be taken to a safe location in an area not accessible to the public condition is not specifically covered by these requirements or the and the contents transferred to a liquid-tight container. Electrical Code.See Article 90,Standard n.2.2. 7901.7.4 Site assessment. In the event of a spill, leak or dis- 7901.4.4 Special hazards. Wiring and electrical equipment charge from a tank system,a site assessment shall be completed by located within 25 feet(7620 mm)of any portion of a loading rack the owner or operator of such tank system if the chief determines shall be designed, operated and installed such that it does not that a potential fire or explosion hazard exists. Such site assess- create an ignition hazard. ments shall be conducted to ascertain potential fire hazards and shall be completed and submitted to the fire department within a 7901.5 Fire Protection. time period established by the chief not to exceed 60 days. See Appendix II-H. 7901.5.1 General. Fire protection for the storage,use,dispens- 7.5 Waste control. Waste liquids shall be kept in a sump, ing,mixing,handling and on-site transportation of flammable and tank 7901.or receptacle approved for this purpose. combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Articles 9, 10 and 79,and the Building Code. 7901.8 Spill Control and Secondary Containment. When re- Fire protection in petroleum processing plants and facilities or quired,rooms,buildings or areas used for storage,dispensing,use, mixing,or handling portions of plants or facilities in which flammable or combustible flammable and combustible liquids shall be liquids are handled, treated or produced on a commercial scale Provided with spill control and secondary containment in accord ance with Sections 8003.1.3,8004.2.2.5,8004.2.3.E and 8004.3.4. from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources shall also be in accordance with nationally recognized 7901.9 Labeling and Signs. standards. See Article 90,Standard a.3.13. 7901.9.1 General. The chief is authorized to require warning 7901.5.2 Special fire-extinguishing equipment. Special fire- signs for the purpose of identifying the hazards of storing or using extinguishing equipment such as equipment utilizing foam,inert flammable liquids. gas or dry chemical shall be provided as the need is indicated by 7901.9.2 Style. Warning signs shall be of a durable material with the special hazards of operation,dispensing and storage.See Sec- red lettering on a white background and shall read DANGER— tion 1001.9. FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.Letters shall not be less than 3 inches 7901.5.3 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguish- (76.2 mm)in height and 1/2 inch(12.7 mm)in stroke. ers shall be provided in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1 and 7901.9.3 Location. Signs shall be posted in, locations as as otherwise required by Article 79. required by the chief.Piping containing liquids shall be identified in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 7901.5.4 Hose lines. Hose lines shall be provided in accordance 90,Standard a.2.1. with Section 1001.9,Article 79 and the Building Code. 7901.9.4 Warning labels. Warning labels shall be in accordance 7901.6 Construction and Site Requirements. Buildings, or with the Federal Hazardous Substance Labeling Act and applica- portions thereof,in which flammable or combustible liquids are ble state laws.Flammable liquids,and flammable and liquid com- stored,dispensed,used,mixed or handled shall be constructed in pounds and mixtures manufactured,packaged or offered for sale accordance with the Building Code. shall be conspicuously marked or labeled in legible type which is in contrast by typography,layout or color with any other printed Fire apparatus access roads and water supply shall be provided matter on the label. for all portions of facilities and uses in accordance with Sections 902.2 and 903. EXCEPTION:Foods,drugs or cosmetics subject to the Federal Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act. 7901.7 Unauthorized Discharges. 7901.10 Sources of Ignition. In locations where flammable vapors could be present,precautions shall be taken to prevent igni- tion by eliminating or controlling sources of ignition. Adequate petroleum waste products shall not be discharged or released on grounding and bonding shall be provided to prevent the accumula- sidewalks, streets, highways, drainage canals, ditches, storm tion of static electricity wherever Class I or II liquids are trans- drains,sewers,flood-control channels, lakes,rivers,tidal water- ferred or dispensed.See also Section 1109. ways or the ground. Unauthorized discharge or release of such products shall be handled as set forth in Section 8001.5.2. Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not be used in a manner which creates a hazardous condition.Heating equipment EXCEPTIONS:1.Materials and products intended for use in weed shall be of a type approved for hazardous locations. abatement,pest control,erosion control,paving and similar applica- tions when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, EXCEPTION:Energy-consuming equipment listed for use with label directions and nationally recognized standards. the material stored. 2.Materials released in accordance with federal,state or local gov- Protection against ignitions arising out of static,lightning and emment regulations or permits of the jurisdictional air quality manage- stray currents in petroleum industry operations shall be in accord- ment board with a national pollutant discharge elimination system ance with nationally recognized standards.See Article 90,Stand- permit,with waste discharge requirements established by the jurisdic- and a.3.13. tional water quality control board,or with local sewer pretreatment 7901.11 Piping,Valves and Fittings. requirements for publicly owned treatment works. 7901.7.2 Maintenance and operating practices. Maintenance 7901.11.1 Materials and design. and operating practices shall be in accordance with established 7901.11.1.1 General. Piping, valves, fittings and related com- procedures which will tend to control leakage and unauthorized ponents intended for use with flammable and combustible liquids 1-164 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7901.11.1.1 7901.12 shall be designed and fabricated from suitable materials having 3. Other approved methods. adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressures,struc- tural stresses and exposures to which they can be subjected.Such 7901.11.7 Flexible joints. equipment shall be in accordance with nationally recognized 7901.11.7.1 General. Flexible joints shall be listed and engineering standards, be listed for the application or be ap- approved and shall be installed on underground liquid,vapor and proved. See Article 90,Standards a.2.2,a.2.3,a.2.4,a.2.5,a.2.6, vent piping at the following locations: u.1.10 and u.l.11.Nonmetallic piping,if used,shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. 1. Where piping connects to underground tanks, 7901.11.1.2 Low melting point materials. Low melting point 2. Where piping ends at pump islands and vent risers,and materials, such as aluminum,copper and brass; materials which 3. At points where differential movement in the piping can soften on fire exposure,such as nonmetallic materials;or nonduc- occur. tile materials,such as cast iron,used underground shall be within 7901.11.7.2 Fiberglass-reinforced plastic piping. Fiberglass- their pressure and temperature limitations.When such materials reinforced plastic(FRP)piping need not be provided with flexible are used outdoors in aboveground piping systems or within build- joints in locations where both of the following conditions are pres- ings,they shall be either: ent: 1. Suitably protected against fire exposure, 1. Piping does not exceed 4 inches(101.6 mm)in diameter,and 2. Located such that leakage resulting from failure would not 2. Piping has a straight run of not less than 4 feet(1219 mm)on unduly expose persons,buildings or structures,or one side of the connection when such connections result in a 3. Located where leakage can readily be controlled by opera- change of direction. tion of accessible remotely located valves. In lieu of the minimum 4-foot(1219 mm)straight run length, 7901.11.2 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved and listed flexible joints are allowed to be used under approved means shall be provided to protect piping,valves or fit- dispensers and suction pumps,at submerged pumps and tanks,and tings subject to vehicular damage.When guard posts are installed, where vents extend aboveground. the posts shall be in accordance with Section 8001.11.3. 7901.11.8 Pipe joints. Joints shall be liquid tight and shall either 7901.11.3 Protection from corrosion and galvanic action. be welded,flanged or threaded.Threaded or flanged joints shall fit Piping, related fluid-handling components and supports for both tightly by using approved methods and materials for the type of underground and aboveground applications where subject to joint. Joints in piping systems used for Class I liquids shall be external corrosion shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materi- welded when located in concealed spaces within buildings. als, coated or provided with corrosion protection as specified in Nonmetallic joints shall be approved and shall be installed in Section 7902.6.15.Dissimilar metallic parts which promote gal- accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. vanic action shall not be joined. Pipe joints which are dependent on the friction characteristics 7901.11.4 Valves. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient for liquid tightness of piping shall not be used in buildings. The number of manual control valves and check valves to operate the piping shall be secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting. system properly and to protect the plant under both normal and 7901.11.9 Bends. Pipe and tubing shall not be bent in excess of emergency conditions.Piping systems in connection with pumps 90 degrees or at a radius less than five diameters of the nominal shall contain a sufficient number of such valves to properly con- trade size of the pipe or tube when the radius is measured from the trol the flow of liquid in normal,operation and in the event of inside edge of the pipe or tube. physical damage or fire exposure. Connections to pipelines or piping by which equipment,such as 7901.11.10 Testing. Unless tested in accordance with the appli- tank cars,tank vehicles or marine vessels,discharges liquid into cable sections of nationally recognized standards for pressure pip- storage tanks shall be provided with check valves for automatic ing(see Article 90,Standard a.2.3),piping,before being covered, protection against backflow. enclosed or placed in use, shall be hydrostatically tested to 150 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, or Manual drainage-control valves shall be located at approved pneumatically tested to 110 percent of the maximum anticipated I locations remote from the tanks,diked area,drainage system and pressure of the system,but not less than 5 psig(34.47 kPa)at the impounding basin to assure their operation in a fire condition. highest point of the system.This test shall be maintained for a suf- 7901.1.1.5 Connections. Connections to an aboveground tank ficient time period to complete visual inspection of all joints and located below normal liquid level shall be provided with internal connections. For a minimum of 10 minutes,there shall not be leak- or external control valves located as close as practical to the shell age or permanent distortion.Care shall be exercised to ensure that of the tank.Except for liquids whose chemical characteristics are these pressures are not applied to vented storage tanks.Such stor- incompatible with steel,such valves,when external,and their con- age tanks shall be tested independently from the piping. nections to the tank shall be of steel. Existing piping shall be tested in accordance with Section 7901.11.10 when the chief has reasonable cause to believe that a 7901.11.6 Piping supports. Piping systems shall be substan- leak exists. Piping that could contain flammable or combustible tially supported and protected against physical damage and exces- liquids shall not be tested pneumatically.Such tests shall be at the sive stresses arising from settlement, vibration, expansion or expense of the owner or operator. contraction, or exposure to fire. The supports shall be protected against exposure to fire by: . EXCEPTION:Vapor-recovery piping is allowed to be tested using an inert gas. 1. Draining liquid away from the piping system at a minimum 7901.12 Powered Industrial Truck Operation. Powered slope of not less than 1 percent, industrial trucks shall be listed and labeled for use in the environ- 2. Providing protection with a fire-resistive rating of not less ment intended and shall be in accordance with nationally recog- than two hours,or nized standards. See Article 90,Standard n.2.2. 1-165 TABLE 7901.1-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7901.4-A TABLE 7901.1-A--CLASSIFICATION OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS (See Sections 7901.1.2 and 7901.4.3) FLASH POINT(FAHRENHEIT) BOILING POINT(FAHRENHEIT) CLASSIFICATION1 0.556 x(4—32)for°C 0.556 x(t'F—32)for°C Class I I-A Less than 73 degrees Less than 100 degrees I-B Less than 73 degrees Greater than or equal to 100 degrees I-C Greater than or equal to 73 degrees and less than 100 N/A degrees Class II Greater than or equal to 100 degrees and less than 140 N/A degrees Class III III-A Greater than or equal to 140 degrees and less than 200 N/A degrees III-B Greater than or equal to 200 degrees N/A Crude Petroleum Less than 150 degrees N/A N/A=Not applicable to classification. t When heated,sprayed or mixed,Class II or III liquids can assume the characteristics of lower flash point liquids.Under such conditions the appropriate provisions of Article 79 for the actual flash point shall apply.For construction requirements,see the Building Code. When flammable or combustible liquids present multiple hazards,all hazards shall be addressed.See Section 8001.1.3. For the purpose of Article 79,unstable liquids shall be treated as Class I-A liquids. TABLE 7901.4-A—CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS1 (See Section 7901.4.2.1) GROUP D LOCATION DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Underground tank till opening 1 Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level,any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from a loose-fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet(1524 mm)from a tight-fill connection. Vent—Discharging upward 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 5 feet(1524 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. Drum and container filling Outdoor or indoor with adequate 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of vent and fill opening,extending in all directions. ventilation 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 5 feet(1524 mm)from vent of fill opening,extending in all directions.Also up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above floor or grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from vent or fill opening. Pumps,bleeders,withdrawal fittings, meters and similar devices Indoor 2 Within 5 feet(1524 mm)of any edge of such devices,extending in all directions.Also up to 3 feet(914.4 mm)above floor or grade level within 25 feet(7620 mm)horizontally from any edge of such devices. Outdoor 2 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of any edge of such devices,extending in all directions.Also up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)horizontally from an edge of such devices. Pits Without mechanical ventilation 1 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area. With mechanical ventilation 2 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area. Containing valves,fittings or piping,and 2 Entire pit. not within a a Division 1 or 2 classified area Drainage ditches,separators, impounding basins Indoor Same as pits. Outdoor 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above ditch,separator or basin.Also up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade within 15 feet(4572 mm)horizontal from any edge. (Continued) 1-166 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7901.4-A TABLE 7901.4-A—CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS'—(Continued) (See Section 7901.4.2.1) GROUP D LOCATION DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Tank vehicle and tank care Loading through open dome 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of edge of dome,extending in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 15 feet(4572 mm)from edge of dome,extending in all directions. Loading through bottom connections 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of point of venting to atmosphere,extending in all directions. with atmospheric venting 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 15 feet(4572 mm)from point of venting to atmosphere, extending in all directions.Also up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from point of loading connection. Office and Rest Rooms Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an indoor classified location,the room shall be classified the same as if the wall,curb or partition did not exist. Loading through closed dome with 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. atmospheric venting 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 15 feet(4572 mm)from open end of vent,extending in all directions.Also within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of edge of dome,extending in all directions. Loading through closed dome with 2 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of point of connection of both fill and vapor lines,extending in all vapor control directions. Bottom loading with vapor control or 2 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of point of connection,extending in all directions.Also up to 18 any bottom unloading inches(457.2 mm)above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from point of connection. Storage and repair garage for tank 1 Pits or spaces below floor level. vehicles 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above floor or grade level for entire storage or repair garage. Garages for other than tank vehicles Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an outdoor classified area,the entire room shall be classified the same as the area classification at the point of the opening. Outdoor drum storage Ordinary Indoor warehousing where there is no Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an indoor classified area,the room flammable liquid transfer shall be classified the same as if the wall,curb or partition did not exist. Indoor equipment where flammable 1 Area within 5 feet(1524 mm)of any edge of such equipment,extending in all directions. vapor/air mixtures could exist under 2 Area between 5 feet(1524 mm)and 8 feet(2438 mm)of any edge of such equipment, normal operations extending in all directions.Also,area up to 3 feet(914.4 mm)above floor or grade level within 5 feet(1524 mm)to 25 feet(7620 mm)horizontally from any edge of such equipment.3 Outdoor equipment where flammable 1 Area within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of any edge of such equipment,extending in all directions. vapor/air mixtures could exist under 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 8 feet(2438 mm)of any edge of such equipment normal operations extending in all directions.Also,area up to 3 feet(914.4 mm)above floor or grade level within 3 feet(914.4 mm)to 10 feet(3048 mm)horizontally from any edge of such equipment. Tank—Aboveground 1 Area inside dike where dike height is greater than the distance from the tank to the dike for more than 50 percent of the tank circumference. Shell,ends or roof and dike area 2 Area between 10 feet(3048 mm)from shell,ends or roof of tank.Area inside dikes to level of top of dike. Vent 1 Area within 5 feet(1524 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. 2 Area between 5 feet(1524 mm)and 10 feet(3048 mm)from open end of vent,extending in all directions. Floating roof 1 Area above the roof and within the shell. 'Locations as classified in the Electrical Code. 2When classifying extent of area,consideration shall be given to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles can be spotted at varying points.Therefore,the extremities of the loading or unloading positions shall be used. 3The release of Class I liquids can generate vapors to the extent that the entire building,and possibly a zone surrounding it,are considered a Class I,Division 2 location. 1-167 7902 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7902.1.7.4.1 SECTION 7902—STORAGE 7902.1.7.2.2 Out of service 90 days. Underground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be safeguarded in accordance 7902.1 General. with the following or removed in accordance with Sec- 7902.1.1 Applicability. Storage of flammable and combustible tion 7902.1.7.4: liquids in containers,cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance 1. Flammable or combustible liquids shall be removed from with Sections 7901 and 7902. the tank, For motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations,see Article 52. 2• All piping, including fill line, gage opening, vapor return and pump connection, shall be capped or plugged and secured 7902.1.2 Change of tank contents. Tanks subject to change in from tampering,and contents shall be in accordance with Section 7902.1.8.Prior to a 3. Vent lines shall remain open and be maintained in accord- change in contents,the chief is authorized to require testing of a ance with Sections 7902.1.11 and 7902.2.6. tank. 7902.1.7.2.3 Underground tanks out of service for one 7902.1.3 Labeling and signs. year. Underground tanks which have been out of service for a 7902.1.3.1 Smoking and open flames. Signs shall be posted in period of one year shall be removed from the ground in accord- storage areas prohibiting open flames and smoking.See also Sec- ance with Section 7902.1.7.4 and the site shall be restored in an tion 7901.9. approved manner.When the chief determines that the removal of the tank is not necessary,abandonment in place is allowed. 7902.1.3.2 Label or placard. Tanks over 100 gallons(378.5 L) 7902.1.7.2.4 Tanks abandoned in place. Tanks abandoned in in capacity permanently installed or mounted and used for the place shall be abandoned as follows: storage of Class I,II or III-A liquids shall bear a label or placard identifying the material therein in accordance with UFC Stand- 1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from and 79-3. the tank and connected piping, EXCEPTIONS:1.Tanks of 300 gallons(1135.5 L)capacity or less 2• The suction,inlet,gage,vapor return and vapor lines shall be located on private property and used for heating and cooking fuels in disconnected, single-family dwellings. 3. The tank shall be filled completely with an approved,inert 2.Tanks located underground. solid material, 7902.1.4 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flames are 4. Remaining underground piping shall be capped or plugged, prohibited in storage areas. See also Section 7901.10. and 7902.1.5 Explosion control. Explosion control, equivalent 5. A record of tank size,location and date of abandonment shall protection devices or suppression systems,or a barricade shall be be retained. provided in accordance with the Building Code when Class I liq- 7902.1.7.2.5 Reinstallation of underground tanks. Tanks uids are stored inside buildings in excess of the exempt amounts, which are to be reinstalled for flammable or combustible liquid or where explosive vapor-air mixtures could develop under nor- service shall comply with all of the provisions of Article 79 and mal operating conditions. shall be tested in an approved manner. EXCEPTION:Class 1-11 and 1-C liquids when provided with con- tinuous ventilation at the rate set forth in Section 8003.1.4. 7902.1.7.3 Aboveground tanks. See also Sections 7902.5.11.7, 7902.5.12.7, 7903.2.3.4.3 7902.1.7.3.1 Temporarily out of service. Aboveground tanks and 7903.2.3.5.3. temporarily out of service shall have all connecting lines isolated 7902.1.E Separation from incompatible materials and accu- from the tank and secured against tampering. mulation of combustibles. Storage of flammable and combus- 7902.1.7.3.2 Out of service 90 days. Aboveground tanks not tible liquids shall be separated from incompatible hazardous used for a period of 90 days shall be safeguarded in accordance materials in accordance with Section 8001.11.8. with Section 7902.1.7.2.2 or removed in accordance with Sec- Grass;weeds;combustible materials;and waste Class I,II and tion 7902.1.7.4. III-A liquids shall not be accumulated in an unsafe manner at a 7902.1.7.3.3 Aboveground tanks out of service one year. storage site. Aboveground tanks which have been out of service for a period of 7902.1.7 Abandonment and status of tanks. one year shall be removed in accordance with Section 7902.1.7.4. EXCEPTION:Tanks located at refineries,bulk plants and termi- 7902.1.7.1 General. Notwithstanding the time schedules stipu- nals that are in operation. lated,tanks taken out of service shall be removed or safeguarded 7902.1.7.4 Removing tanks. in accordance with Section 7902.1.7 and nationally recognized standards. See Section 9003,Standard a.3.9. 7902.1.7.4.1 General. Removal of aboveground and under- % In other cases,tanks taken out of service shall be safeguarded or ground tanks shall be in accordance with all of the following: removed in accordance with Section 7902.1.7. 1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connecting piping, 7902.1.7.2 Underground tanks. 2. Piping at tank openings which is not to be used further shall 7902.1.7.2.1 Temporarily out of service. Underground tanks be disconnected, temporarily out of service shall have the fill line,gage opening, 3. Piping shall be removed from the ground, vapor return and pump connection secure against tampering.Vent EXCEPTION:Piping is allowed to be abandoned in place when lines shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with Sec- the chief determines that removal is not practical.Abandoned piping tions 7902.1.11 and 7902.2.6. shall be capped and safeguarded as required by the chief. 1-168 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.1.7.4.1 ' 7902.1.11.2 4. Tank openings shall be capped or plugged,leaving a 1/8-inch 7902.1.8.2.4 Locations subject to flooding. Where a tank is to I/4-inch-diameter (3.2 mm to 6.4 mm) opening for pressure located in an area that is subject to flooding,uplift protection shall equalization,and be provided. See Appendix II-B. 5. Tanks shall be purged of vapor and inerted prior to removal. 7902.1.8.2.5 Acceptance testing. Prior to being put into serv- 7902.1.7.4.2 Disposal. Tanks shall be disposed of in accordance ice,tanks shall be tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. with federal,state and local regulations. 7902.1.8 Design, construction and general installation re- 7902.1.,82.6 Product compatibility. Tank construction materi-` qu 2.1.8 for tanks,containers and equipment. als shall be compatible with the liquid to be stored.The chief is authorized to require that evidence be submitted to substantiate 7902.1.8.1 Portable tanks,•containers and equipment. that the properties of the liquid are compatible with the tank. 7902.1.8.1.1 General.. Portable tanks, containers and equip- 7902.1.8.2.7 Use of combustible materials in tank construc- ment used or intended to be used for the storage of flammable or tion. Tanks constructed of combustible materials shall be subject combustible liquids shall be of an approved type.Containers and to the approval of the chief and limited to: portable tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance 1. Installation underground, with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Standards 2. Case where required by the properties of the liquid stored, u.1.2 and u.1.13 and UFC Standard 79-5.The capacity of individ- ual containers and portable tanks for liquids shall be in accordance 3. Storage of Class III-B liquids aboveground in.areas not with Table 7902.1-A. - potentially exposed to a spill or leak of Class I or II liquid, EXCEPTION: Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs and cosmetics 4. Storage of Class III-B liquids inside a building protected by when packaged according to commonly accepted practices for retail an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system,or sales. 5. Protected tanks which are listed by a nationally recognized 7902.1.8.1.2 Use of tank cars and tank vehicles as storage testing laboratory to meet UFC Standard 79-7. ' tanks. Tank cars and tank vehicles shall not be used as storage tanks. 7902.1.8.2.8 Use of concrete in tank construction..Unlined concrete tanks are allowed for storing liquids having a gravity of 7902.1.8.1.3 Plastic containers. Plastic containers shall not be 40 degrees API or heavier. Concrete tanks with special linings used for storage of Class I or II liquids unless such containers are are allowed for other services, provided the design is in accor- listed and approved for such storage or the containers are stored in dance with approved engineering practices. See also Sec- liquid storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses. See Sections tion 7902.1.8.2.11. 7902.5.11 and 7902.5.12. 7902.1.8.2.9 Tank linings. Tanks are allowed to have combus- ' EXCEPTION: Plastic containers in Group M Occupancies in tible or,noncombustible linings. accordance with Section 7902.5.10.2.2. See also Section 7902.5.10.2.2 for additional limitations. 7902.1.8.2.10 Tanks containing liquids with high.specific gravity and low temperature liquids. Special engineering con- 7902.1.8.2 Tanks. sideration shall be used if the specific gravity of the liquid to be 7902.1.8.2.1 General. The design,fabrication and construction stored exceeds that of water or if the tank is designed to contain of tanks shall be in accordance with recognized good engineering liquids at a liquid temperature below 0 F(-17.8 C). practice and nationally recognized standards.Each'tank shall bear 7902.1.8.2.11 Existing oil storage reservoirs. Existing oil stor-. a permanent nameplate or marking indicating the standard used as age reservoirs with a concrete lining and with a combustible roof the basis of design, fabrication and construction. See Article 90, covering and built prior to the adoption of requirements set forth in Standards a.3.1,a.3.2,a.3.3,a.3.4,a.3.5,a.4.8,u.1.3,u.1.5,u.1.7 Section 7902.1.8 are allowed to be continued for the storage of and u.1.13. petroleum products with a flash point in excess of 150°F.(65.6°C). 7962.1.8.2.2 Use of tank cars and tank vehicles as storage 7902.1.8.2.12 Corrosion protection. Where subject to external tanks. Tank cars and tank vehicles shall not be used as storage corrosion,aboveground tanks shall be fabricated from corrosion tanks. resistant materials,coated or provided with corrosion protection. 7902.1.8.2.3 Pressure limitations for tanks. Tanks shall be.. 7902.1.9 Inspection,'repair, alteration or reconstruction of designed for the pressures to which they are subjected as follows: tanks and piping. The inspection, repair, alteration or'recon- 1. Atmospheric tanks shall not exceed operating pressures of struction, including welding, cutting and hot tapping, of above- 1 psig(6.89 kPa)and shall not exceed 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa)under ground storage tanks and piping that have been placed in service emergency venting conditions.Such tanks shall not be used for the shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards.See Article 90,Standards a.3.7,a.3.15 and a.3.19. storage of a liquid at a temperature at or above its boiling point, 2. Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels are allowed to be 7902.1.10 Seismic design. In areas subject to earthquakes, the used as atmospheric tanks, tank supports and connections shall be designed to resist damage as a result of seismic activity in accordance with the Building 3. ,Pressure vessels are allowed to be used as low-pressure Code. tanks, 7902.1.11 Tank vents for normal venting. 4. The normal operating pressure of any tank or pressure vessel shall not exceed the design-pressure,and 7902.1.11.1 General. Tank vents for normal venting shall be 5. Unless otherwise approved, fired and unfired pressure installed and maintained in accordance with Section 7902.1.11. See Section 7902.2.E for emergency vents. vessels shall be designed and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Standards a.3.4 7902.1.11.2 Vent lines. Vent lines from tanks shall not be used and a.5.1. for purposes other than venting unless approved. 1-169 7902.1.11.3 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.1.11.9.4 7902.1.11.3 Vent line flame arresters and venting prevent pressure or vacuum from exceeding the design pressure of devices. Vent line flame arresters and venting devices shall be the tank or vessel as a result of filling or emptying and atmospheric installed in accordance with their listings. temperature changes.Protection shall also be provided to prevent Use of flame arresters in piping systems shall be in accordance over pressure from pumps discharging into the tank or vessel with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Stand- when the pump discharge pressure can exceed the design pressure and a.3.17. of the tank or vessel. 7902.1.11.8.3 Vent outlets and drains. For tanks designed to 7902.1.11.4 Vent pipe outlets. Vent pipe outlets for tanks stor- vent at pressures greater than 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa),vent outlets and ing Class I,II,or III-A liquids shall be located such that the vapors drains shall discharge in a manner which prevents localized over- are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than heating of or flame impingement on any part of the tank. 12 feet(3658 mm)above the adjacent ground level.Vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally away from closely adjacent 7902.1.11.8.4 Tanks and pressure vessels containing Class I walls to assist in vapor dispersion. Vent outlets shall be located liquids. Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class I-A liquids shall such that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other be equipped with venting devices which shall normally be closed, obstructions and shall be at least 5 feet(1524 mm)from building except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions.Tanks openings or property lines of properties that can be built on. and pressure vessels storing Class I-B or I-C liquids shall be equipped with venting devices which shall be normally closed 7902.1.11.5 Installation of vent piping. Vent piping shall be except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions,or with constructed in accordance with Section 7901.11.Vent pipes shall listed flame arresters. be installed such that they will drain toward the tank without sags EXCEPTIONS: 1.Tanks of 3,000-barrel(476 960 L)capacity or or traps in which liquid can collect.Vent pipes shall be installed in less containing crude petroleum in crude producing areas are allowed such a manner as to not be subject to physical damage or vibration. to have open vents. 2. Outside aboveground atmospheric tanks under 1,000-gallon 7902.1.11.6 Manifolding. Tank vent piping shall not be man- (3785 L)capacity are allowed to have open vents. ifolded unless required for special purposes such as vapor recov- 3.Flame arresters or venting devices with integral flame arresters ery,vapor conservation or air pollution control.Manifolded vent need not be provided for Class I-B and I-C liquids where conditions are pipes shall be adequately sized to prevent system pressure limits such that their use could,in case of obstruction,result in tank damage. from being exceeded when manifolded tanks are subject to the Liquid properties justifying the omission of such devices include, same fire exposure. but are not limited to, condensation, corrosiveness, crystallization, polymerization,freezing or plugging.When any of these conditions Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be man- exist,consideration shall be given to heating,use of devices employing ifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II or III liquids special materials of construction,the use of liquid seals or inerting in unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from accordance with nationally recognized standards for explosion-pre- Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II or III liquids,to vention systems.See Section 101.3. prevent contamination and possible change in classification of the 4.Vent pipes 2 inches(50.8 mm)or less in nominal inside diameter less volatile liquid. and longer than 10 feet(3048 mm)are allowed to have open vents. 5.Tanks storing gasoline are allowed to have open vents provided 7902.1.11.7 Vent sizing. Tank venting systems shall be pro- the vent pipes do not exceed a 3-inch(76.2 mm)nominal inside diame- vided with sufficient capacity to prevent blowback of vapor or ter. liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled.Vent pipes 7902.1.11.9 Additional requirements for underground tanks. shall not be less than 11/4-inch(31.8 mm)nominal inside diameter. 7902.1.11.9.1 General. Tank-venting systems located on under- The capacity of the vent shall be based on the filling or withdrawal ground tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7902.1.11.9. rate, whichever is greater, and the vent line length.Unrestricted vent piping sized in accordance with Table 7902.1-B is acceptable 7902.1.11.9.2 Vent pipes,outlets and devices. Vent pipes shall to prevent back-pressure development in tanks from exceeding not be obstructed by devices provided for vapor recovery or other 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa). Where tank-venting devices are installed in purposes unless the tank and associated piping and equipment are vent lines,their flow capacities shall be determined in accordance otherwise protected to limit back-pressure development to less with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Stand- than the maximum working pressure of the tank and equipment by and a.3.11. providing pressure/vacuum vents, rupture discs or other tank- venting devices installed in the tank vent lines.Vent outlets and 7902.1.11.8 Additional requirements for aboveground tanks. devices shall be protected to minimize the possibility of blockage 7902.1.11.8.1 General. Atmospheric storage tanks shall be ade- from weather,snow,dirt or insect nests. quately vented to prevent the development of vacuum or pressure 7902.1.11.9.3 Tanks containing Class I liquids. Tanks contain- sufficient to distort the roof of a cone roof tank or exceed the ing Class I-A liquids shall be equipped with pressure/vacuum design pressure in the case of other atmospheric tanks as a result of venting devices with integral flame arresters which shall be nor- filling or emptying and atmospheric temperature changes. mally closed except when venting under pressure or vacuum Normal vents shall be sized in accordance with nationally rec- conditions. Tanks storing Class I-B or I-C liquids shall be ognized engineering standards or shall be at least as large as the equipped with pressure/vacuum venting devices or with listed filling or withdrawal connection,whichever is larger,but not less flame arresters. than 11/4-inch(31.8 mm)nominal inside diameter.See Article 90, EXCEPTIONS:1.Vent pipes 2 inches(50.8 mm)or less in nomi- nal inside diameter and longer than 10 feet(3648 mm)shall not be obstructed by devices that will reduce their capacity and,thus,cause If a tank or pressure vessel has more than one fill or withdrawal extensive back pressure. connection and simultaneous filling or withdrawal can be made, 2.Tanks storing gasoline are not required to have pressure/vacuum the vent size shall be based on the maximum anticipated simulta- venting devices except as required for excessive back pressure, or nexus flow. flame arresters,provided the vent does not exceed a 3-inch(76.2 mm) nominal inside diameter. 7902.1.11.8.2 Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels. Low- 7902.1.11.9.4 Condensate tanks. Condensate tanks,if utilized, pressure tanks and pressure vessels shall be adequately vented to shall be installed and maintained in a manner which will preclude 1-170 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.1.11.9.4 7902.1.13.2.4 the blocking of the vapor-return piping by liquid. Condensate 7902.1.13.1.3 Valves for tank connections. Connections to tanks shall be located such that they will not be subjected to physi- tanks inside of buildings through which liquid can normally flow cal damage.The vent pipe shall enter the tank through the top of shall be provided with an internal or an external valve located as the tank.The lower end of vent pipes shall not extend into the tank close as practical to the shell of the tank. more than 1 inch(25.4 mm). For connections to tanks containing Class I or II liquids inside of 7902.1.11.9.5 Manifolding. Manifolded vent pipes shall be buildings, such valve or an additional adjacent valve shall be adequately sized to prevent system pressure limits from being either: exceeded when manifolded tanks are'filled simultaneously.Float- 1. Normally closed and remotely activated, type check valves installed in tank openings connected to man- 2, Automatic-closing and heat-activated,or ifold vent piping to prevent product contamination are allowed, provided that the static head imposed at the bottom of the tank will 3. As an alternate to valving an approved device on each liquid- not exceed 10 psig(68.9 kPa)if the fill or vent pipe is filled with transfer connection below the liquid level,except for connections liquid when the valves are closed. used for emergency disposal,to provide for quick cutoff of flow in the event of fire in the vicinity of the tank is allowed. EXCEPTION: For.motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations, the capacity of manifolded vent piping shall be sufficient to discharge 7902.1.13.1.4 Overflow protection. Tanks storing Class I, II vapors generated when two manifolded tanks are simultaneously and III-A liquids inside buildings shall be equipped with a device filled. or other means to prevent overflow into the building. Suitable 7902.1.12 Tank vents for emergency venting. devices include,but are not limited to,a float valve,a preset meter on the fill line,a valve actuated by the weight of the tank contents, 7902.1.12.1 Stationary aboveground tanks. Stationary above- a low head pump which is incapable of producing overflow or a ground tanks shall be provided with emergency venting. For re- liquid-tight overflow pipe at least one pipe size larger than the fill quirements,see Section 7902.2.6. pipe discharging by gravity back to the outside source of liquid or to an approved location. 7902.1.12.2 Portable tanks. Portable tanks shall be provided with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emer- 7902.1.13.1.5 Piping,valves and fittings. Connections,fittings gency venting capacity to limit internal pressure under fire-expo- and other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Sec- sure conditions to 10 psig(68.9 kPa)or 30 percent of the bursting tion 7901.11. pressure of the tank,whichever is greater.The total venting capac- 7902.1.13.1.6 Manual gaging. Openings for manual gaging,if ity shall not be less than that specified in Sections 7902.2.6.3.1 and independent of the fill pipe,shall be provided with a liquid-tight 7902.2.6.3.3.At least one pressure-actuated vent having a mini- cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed,when not gaging. If mum capacity of 6,000 cubic feet(169.9 m3)of free air per hour at inside a building,such openings shall be protected against liquid 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)and 60°F(15.6°C)shall be used.It shall be overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring-loaded set to open at not less than 5 psig(34.5 kPa).If fusible vents are check valve or other approved device. used,they shall be actuated by elements that operate at a tempera- ture not exceeding 300°F(148.9°C).When used for paints,drying 7902.1.13.2 Underground. oils and similar materials where plugging of the pressure-actuated 7902.1.13.2.1 Piping,valves'and fittings. Connections,fittings vent can occur,fusible vents or vents of the type that soften to fail- and other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Sec-, ure at a maximum of 300°F (148.9°C) under fire exposure are tion 7901.11. allowed for the entire emergency venting requirement. 7902.1.13.2.2 Manual gaging. Openings for manual gaging,if 7902.1.13 Tank openings other than vents. independent of the fill pipe,shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not gaging. If 7902.1.13.1 Inside buildings. inside a building,such openings shall be protected against liquid 7902.1.13.1.1 General. Connections for tank openings shall be overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring-loaded liquid tight. Openings to tanks shall be located outside of build- check valve or other approved device. ings at a location free from sources of ignition and not less than 10 7902.1.13.2.3 Fill pipe and discharge lines. Fill pipe and dis- feet(3048 mm)away from building openings or of lines of prop- charge lines shall enter tanks only through the top.Fill lines shall erty that can be built on.Such openings shall be provided with a be sloped toward the tank.Underground tanks for Class I liquids liquid-tight cap which shall be closed when not in use and shall be having a capacity of more than 1,000 gallons (3785 Q shall be properly identified. equipped with a tight fill device for connecting the fill hose to the For top-loaded tanks,a metallic fill pipe shall be designed and tank. installed to minimize the generation of static electricity by termi- Overfill protection shall be provided in accordance with Sec- nating the pipe within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the bottom of the tion 7902.6.5. tank,and it shall be installed in a manner which avoids excessive For Class I liquids other than crude oil,gasoline and asphalt,the vibration. fill pipe shall be designed and installed in a manner which will 7902.1.13.1.2 Vapor recovery. Tank openings provided for the minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by termi- nating within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the bottom of the tank. purposes of vapor recovery shall be.protected against possible vapor release by means of a spring-load4 check valve or dry- 7902.1.13.2.4 Location of connections that are made or bro- break connections,,or other approved device,unless the opening is ken. Filling, withdrawal and vapor-recovery connections for pipe connected to a vapor-processing system.Openings designed Class I,II and III-A liquids which are made and broken shall be for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected located outside of buildings at a location away from sources of against vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line ignition and not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)away from building to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the vapor-recovery line. openings.Such connections shall be closed and liquid tight when Connections shall be.vapor tight. not in use and shall be properly identified. 1-171 7902.1.13.2.5 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.2.3.3 7902.1.13.2.5 Protection against vapor release. Tank open- 7902.2.2.2 Location of tanks with pressures 2.5 psig (17.2 ings provided for purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected kPa) or less. Aboveground tanks operating at pressures not against possible vapor release by means of a spring-loaded check exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) for storage of Class I, II or III-A valve or drybreak connection,or other approved device,unless the liquids, which are designed with a weak roof-to-shell seam opening is pipe-connected to a vapor-processing system. Open- or equipped with emergency venting devices limiting pressures ings designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be to 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), shall be located in accordance with protected against vapor release unless connection of the liquid Table 7902.2-A. delivery line to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the vapor- EXCEPTIONS:1.Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to-shell seam recovery line.Connections shall be vapor tight. and storing Class III-A liquids are allowed to be located at one half the distances specified in Table 7902.2-A,provided that the tanks are not 7902.1.13.3 Exterior aboveground. Openings for manual gag- within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or 11 liq- ing on tanks storing Class I liquids shall be provided with a vapor- uids. tight cap or cover.Such covers shall be closed when not gaging. 2.Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids.See See also Section 7902.2.7. Sections 7902.2.2.4 and 7902.2.2.5. 7902.1.14 Supports,foundations and anchorage. 7902.2.2.3 Location of tanks with pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa). Aboveground tanks for the storage of Class I,II or 7902.1.14.1 General. Supports,foundations and anchorage for UI-A liquids operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig(17.2 kpa) aboveground tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7902.1.14. or equipped with emergency venting allowing pressures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) shall be located in accordance with 7902.1.14.2 Tanks at grade. Tanks shall rest on the ground or on Table 7902.2-B. foundations made of concrete, masonry, piling or steel. Tank EXCEPTION:Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable foundations shall be designed to minimize the possibility of liquids.See Sections 7902.2.2.4 and 7902.2.2.5. uneven settling of the tank and to minimize corrosion in any part of the tank resting on the foundation. 7902.2.2.4 Location of tanks for boilover liquids. Above- ground tanks for storage of liquids with boilover characteristics 7902.1.14.3 Tanks above grade. Tanks shall be securely sup- shall be located in accordance with Table 7902.2-C. ported.Supports for tanks storing Class I,II or III-A liquids shall 7902.2.2.5 Location of tanks for unstable liquids. Above- be of concrete, masonry or protected steel. Single wood timber ground tanks for the storage of unstable liquids shall be located in supports,not cribbing, laid horizontally,are allowed for outside accordance with Table 7902.2-D. aboveground tanks when the bottom of the tank is not more than 12 inches(304.8 mm)above grade. 7902.2.2.6 Location of tanks for Class III-B liquids. Above- ground tanks for the storage of Class III-B liquids, excluding 7902.1.14.4 Fire protection of supports. Supports or pilings unstable liquids, shall be located in accordance with Table for aboveground tanks storing Class I,II or III-A liquids elevated 7902.2-E, except when located within a diked area or drainage more than 12 inches (304.8 mm)above grade shall have a fire- path for a tank or tanks storing Class I or II liquids.When a Class resistive rating of not less than two hours in accordance with the M-B liquid storage tank is within the diked area or drainage path fire exposure criteria of acceptance specified in nationally recog- for a Class I or II liquid,distances required by Section 7902.2.2.2 nized standards. See Section 9003,Standard a.4.16. shall apply. EXCEPTIONS:1.Structural supports tested as part of a protected aboveground tank in accordance with UFC Standard 79-7. 7902.2.2.7 Reduction of separation distances to adjacent 2.Stationary tanks located outside of buildings when protected by property. Where two tank properties of diverse ownership have a an approved water-spray system designed in accordance with UFC common boundary,the chief is authorized to,with the written con- Standard 79-2. sent of the owners of the two properties, apply the distances in 3. Stationary tanks located inside of buildings protected by an Sections 7902.2.2.2 through 7902.2.2.6 assuming a single prop- approved automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance with erty. UBC Standard 9-I. 7902.2.3 Separation and orientation of tanks. 7902.1.14.5 Design of supports. The design of the supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance with well-established 7902.2.3.1 Separation between adjacent tanks containing engineering principles of mechanics and shall be in accordance stable liquids. The separation between tanks containing stable with the Building Code. liquids shall be in accordance with Table 7902.2-G.When tanks are in a diked area containing Class I or II liquids,or in the drain- 7902.1.15 Stairs, platforms and walkways. Stairs, platforms age path of Class I or II liquids,and are compacted in three or more and walkways shall be of noncombustible construction and shall rows or in an irregular pattern,the chief is authorized to require be designed and constructed in accordance with the Building greater separation than that specified in Table 7902.2-G or other Code. means to make tanks in the interior of the pattern accessible for firefighting purposes. 7902.2 Stationary Aboveground Tanks Outside of Buildings. 7902.2.3.2 Separation between adjacent tanks containing 7902.2.1 General. Stationary aboveground tanks outside of unstable liquids. The separation between tanks containing buildings shall be in accordance with Sections 7902.1 and 7902.2. unstable liquids shall not be less than one half the sum of their diameters. 7902.2.2 Tank locations. 7902.2.3.3 Separation between adjacent tanks containing 7902.2.2.1 Locations where aboveground tanks are prohib- flammable or combustible liquids and LP-gas. The minimum ited. Storage of Class I and II liquids in aboveground tanks out- horizontal separation between an LP-gas container and a Class I, side of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law II or III-A liquid storage tank shall be 20 feet(6096 mm)except in as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited. (See the case of Class I,II or III-A liquid tanks operating at pressures sample adoption ordinance,Section 4.) exceeding 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa)or equipped with emergency vent- 1-172 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.2.3.3 7902.2.6.3.3 ing allowing pressures to exceed 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa),in which case 7902.2.6.1 General. Stationary tanks shall be equipped with the provisions of Section 7902.2.3.1 shall apply. adequate additional venting that will relieve excessive internal Suitable means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of pressure caused by exposure to fires. Class I,II or III-A liquids under adjacent LP-gas containers such EXCEPTION:Tanks larger than 12,000-gallon(45 420 L)capac- as by dikes,diversion curbs or grading.:When flammable or com- ity storing Class I11-13 liquids and not within the diked area or the drain- bustible liquid storage tanks are within a diked area,the LP-gas age path of Class I or II liquids do not require emergency relief venting. containers shall be outside the diked area and at least 10 feet(3048 Emergency relief vents shall not be modified, obstructed or mm)away from the center line of the wall of the diked area. otherwise altered such that the required area of opening for the re- I quired flow rate is reduced. EXCEPTIONS: 1.Liquefied petroleum gas containers of 125-gal- Ion(473 L)or less capacity installed adjacent to fuel-oil supply tanks 7902.2.6.2 Type of venting device. Aboveground storage tanks of 660-gallon(2498 L)or less capacity. shall be provided with construction or devices that will relieve 2.Horizontal separation is not required between aboveground LP- excessive internal pressure caused by exposure fires. gas containers and underground flammable and combustible liquid tanks. Construction methods such as floating roofs,lifter roofs,weak ' roof-to-shell seams or other approved pressure-relieving 7902.2.3.4 Orientation of horizontal pressure tanks. Where construction are allowed as methods providing emergency relief end failure of horizontal pressure tanks and vessels can expose venting. Weak roof-to-shell seams shall be constructed to fail property,the tank shall be placed with the longitudinal axis paral- before any other seam. Tel to the nearest important exposure. Devices such as self-closing manhole covers,covers using long 7902.2.4 Foam fire protection. bolts that allow the cover to lift under internal pressure,an addi- tional or larger relief valve or valves or rupture disks are allowed 7902.2.4.1 Required systems. When required by the chief, for emergency relief venting. Such devices shall be approved. foam fire protection shall be provided for aboveground tanks, other than pressure tanks operating at or above 1 psig(6.89 kPa), 7902.2.6.3 Venting sizing. when such tank,or group of tanks spaced less than 50_feet(15 240 7902.2.6.3.1 General. Where emergency relief venting is pro- mm) apart measured shell to shell, has a liquid surface area in vided solely by pressure-relieving devices, the total is excess of 1,500 square feet(139.4 m2),and is capacity of both normal and emergency vents shall be enough to 1. Used for the storage of Class I or II liquids, prevent rupture of the shell or bottom of the tank,if vertical,or of 2. Used for storage of crude oil, the shell or heads,if horizontal.If unstable liquids are stored,the effects of heat or gas resulting from polymerization,decomposi- 3. Used for in-process products and is located within 100 feet tion,condensation or self-reactivity shall be taken into account. (30 480 mm)of a fired still,heater,related fractioning or proces- The total capacity of both normal and emergency venting sing apparatus or similar device at a processing plant or petroleum devices shall not be less than that derived from Table 7902.2-H, refinery as herein defined,or except as provided in Sections 7962.2.6.3.3 and 7902.2.6.3.4.The 4. Considered by the chief as presenting an unusual exposure wetted area of the tank shall be calculated on the basis of 55 per- hazard because of topographical conditions;nature of occupancy, cent of the total exposed area of a sphere or spheroid,75 percent of proximity on the same or adjoining property,and height and char- the total exposed area of a horizontal tank and the first 30 feet acter of liquids to be stored;and degree of private fire protection to (9144 mm)above grade of the exposed shell area of a vertical tank. be provided and facilities of the fire department to cope with flam- See Appendix VI-C for the square footage of typical tank sizes. mable liquid fires. 7902.2.6.3.2 Tanks and storage vessels over 1 psig(6.89 kPa). 7902.2.4.2 Installation. Where foam fire protection is required, For tanks and'storage vessels designed for pressures over I psig installation shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 79-1. (6.89 kPa),the total rate of venting shall be determined in accord- ance with Table 7902.2-H,except that when the exposed wetted 7902.2.4.3 Foam storage. Where foam fire protection is area of the surface is greater than 2,800 square feet(260.1 m2),the required, foam-producing materials shall be stored on the prem- total rate of venting shall be in accordance with Table 7902.2-I or ises. calculated by the following formula: EXCEPTION:Storage of foam-producing materials off the prem- CFH= 1,167 A0.82 ises is allowed as follows: I.Such materials stored off the premises shall be of the proper type For SI: CMH=220 A0.82 suitable for use with the equipment at the installation where required, WHERE: 2.Such materials shall be immediately available at the storage loca- A = exposed wetted surface,in square feet(m2). tion at all times, 3.Adequate loading and transportation facilities shall be provided, CFH = venting requirement, in cubic feet of free air per hour 4.The time required to deliver such materials to the required loca- (CMH=m31hr). 0 82 tion in the event of fire shall not exceed two hours,and The foregoing formula is based on Q=21,000 A (For SI:Q= 5.At the time of a fire,these off-premises supplies shall be accumu- 43,198 Ao.82�. lated in sufficient quantities before placing the equipment in operation 7902.2.6.3.3 Emergency relief vents. The total emergency to ensure foam production at an adequate rate without interruption until extinguishment is accomplished. relief venting capacity for a specific stable liquid can be deter- mined by the following formula: 7902.2.5 Inerting of tanks with boilover liquids. Liquids with 1,337 V boilover characteristics shall not be stored in fixed roof tanks CFH = larger than 150 feet(45 720 mm)in diameter unless an approved L V inerting system is provided on the tank. 743.4 V H For SI: CMH — 7902.2.6 Emergency relief venting for stationary tanks. L 1-173 7902.2.6.3.3 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.2.8.1 WHERE: CFH = 1,667C,A JP,.- P„ CFH = venting requirement, in cubic feet of free air per hour (CMH=m3/hr). For SI: CMH = 0.1467C A P,.- Pa L = latent heat of vaporization of specific liquid,in Btus per WHERE: pound(cal/g). A = the orifice area in square inches(mm). M = molecular weight of specific liquids. CFH = venting requirement in cubic feet of free air per hour V = cubic feet(m)of free air per hour from Table 7902.2-H. (CMH=m3/hr). 7902.2.6.3.4 Reductions in required venting for stable liq- C1 = 0.5(the flow coefficient) uids. For tanks containing stable liquids, a reduction in the Pa = the absolute atmospheric pressure outside the tank in required airflow rate in Sections 7902.2.6.3.1 and 7902.2.6.3.3 is inches of water(kPa). allowed. Such reduction shall be calculated by multiplying the Pt = the absolute pressure inside the tank in inches of water required airflow rate in Section 7902.2.6.3.1 or 7902.2.6.3.3 by the appropriate factor listed in the following schedule when (tea)' protection is provided as indicated.Only one factor can be used for 7902.2.6.5 Termination of vent outlets. any one tank. 7902.2.6.5.1 General. Emergency vents shall not discharge 1. 0.5 For drainage in accordance with requirements for inside a building. remote impounding in Section 7902.2.8.2 for tanks EXCEPTION:Emergency vents for stationary atmospheric tanks I over 200 square feet(18.6 m2)of wetted area. containing Class Ill-B liquids. 2. 0.3 For water spray in accordance with UFC Standard 79-2 7902.2.6.5.2 Tanks with pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 and drainage in accordance with requirements for kPa). The outlets of vents and vent drains on tanks equipped with remote impounding in Section 7902.2.8.2. emergency venting that allows pressures to exceed 2.5 psig(17.2 3. 0.3 For insulation in accordance with the following: kPa)shall be arranged to discharge in a manner which prevents localized overheating of,or flame impingement on,any part of the 3.1 Remain in place under fire-exposure conditions, tank if vapors from such vents are ignited. 3.2 Withstand dislodgement when subjected to hose stream 7902.2.7 Tank openings other than vents. impingement during fire exposure,and 7902.2.7.1 General. Connections to aboveground tanks EXCEPTION:The requirement may be waived by the chief where through which liquid can normally flow shall be provided with use of solid hose streams is not contemplated or would not be practical. internal or external valves located as close as practical to the shell 3.3 Maintain a maximum conductance value of 4 Btus per hour of the tank.See also Section 7902.1.13. per square foot per degree Fahrenheit [81.8 kJ/(hr x m2 x °C)]when the outer insulation jacket or cover is at a temper- Connections below the liquid level through which liquid does ature of 1,660°F(904°C)and when the mean temperature of not normally flow shall be provided with a liquid-tighto closure, the insulation is 1,000°F(538°C). such as a valve,plug or blind,or a combinationnof these. 4. 0.15 For water spray with insulation in accordance with 7902.2.7.2 Fill pipe openings. For top-loaded tanks, metallic UFC Standard 79-2 and drainage in accordance with fill pipes shall be designed and installed to minimize the genera- requirements for remote impounding in Section tion of static electricity by terminating the pipe within 6 inches 7902.2.8.2. (152.4 mm)of the bottom of the tank and shall be installed to avoid excessive vibration: 7902.2.6.4 Venting device capacity. For Class I-B and I-C liquids;olhenthan crude oils and asphalts, 7902.2.6.4.1 Identification. Commercial tank-venting devices fill pipes shall be designed and installed in.a manner which mini- shall bear a stamp indicating the opening pressure,the pressure at mizes the possibility of generating stat ic electricity. which the valve reaches the full-open position and the flow capac- Filling and withdrawal connections for Class 1,II and III-A liq- ity at the latter pressure.If the start-to-open pressure is less than uids which are made and broken shall be located outside of build- 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa)and the pressure at full-open position is greater ings at a location away from sources of ignition and not less than than 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa),the flow capacity at 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa) 5 feet(1524 mm)away from building openings.Such connections shall also be stamped on the venting device. The flow capacity for any liquid shall be closed, liquid tight when not in use and shall be expressed in cubic feet per hour of air at 60°F and 14.7 psia properly identified. (m3 of air/hr at 15.6°C and 101.3 kPa). 7902.2.7.3 Openings for vapor recovery. Vapor-recovery sys- 7902.2.6.4.2 Determination of capacity. The flow capacity of tems shall be in accordance with Section 5202.13. tank-venting devices under 8 inches (203 mm)in nominal pipe 7902.2.7.4 Piping,valves and fittings. Connections,fittings or size shall be determined by actual test of each type and size of other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Sec- vent.These flow tests shall be conducted by a qualified impartial tion 7901.11. outside agency or by the manufacturer when certified by a quali- fied impartial observer.Calculation of the flow capacity of tank- 7902.2.8 Drainage control and diking. venting devices 8 inches(203 mm)nominal pipe size and larger, 7902.2.8.1 General. The area surrounding a tank or group of including manhole covers with long bolts or equivalent,is allowed tanks shall be provided with drainage control or shall be diked to provided that the opening pressure is actually measured,the rating prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent pressure and corresponding free orifice area are stated,the word tanks,adjoining property or reaching waterways. "calculated" appears on the nameplate, and the computation is based on a flow coefficient of 0.5 applied to the rated orifice area. EXCEPTIONS: I.The chief is authorized to alter or waive these requirements based on a technical report in accordance with Section ' Calculations shall be performed using the following formula: 103.1.1 which demonstrates that such tank or group of tanks does not 1-174 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7902.2.8.1 7902.3.3.1 constitute a hazard to other tanks,waterways or adjoining property, 2. Piping passing through dike walls shall be designed to pre- after consideration of special features such as topographical condi- vent excessive stresses as a result of settlement or fire exposure, tions,nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings on the same or and adjacent property, capacity and construction of proposed tanks and character of liquids to be stored,and nature and quantity of private and 3. The minimum distance between tanks and the toe of the inte- public fire protection provided. rior dike walls shall be 5 feet(1524 mm),and diked areas contain- 2. Drainage control and diking is not required for listed tanks ing two or more tanks shall comply with Section 7902.2.8.3.4. constructed with an integral method of secondary containment. 7902.2.8.3.4 Diked areas containing two or more 7902.2.8.2 Drainage system. Where protection of adjacent tanks. Diked areas containing two or more tanks shall be subdi- tanks,adjoining property or waterways is by means of a natural or vided by drainage channels leading to an impounding basin or by constructed drainage system, such system shall comply with the intermediate curbs or spill dikes in order to prevent spills from following: endangering adjacent tanks within the diked area. Intermediate 1. Drainage shall be provided at a slope of not less than 1 per- curbs and spill dikes shall not be less than 18 inches(457.2 mm)in cent away from the tank toward an impounding basin or an height. approved means of disposal.This termination area and the route of 7902.2.8.3.5 Protection of piping from exposure fires. Piping the drainage system shall be so located that a fire occurring in the shall not pass through adjacent diked areas or impounding basins, drainage system will not endanger pumps, manifolds, control unless provided with a sealed sleeve or otherwise protected from valves, electrical equipment, public utilities, fire-protection exposure to fire. equipment, tanks, adjoining property or fire apparatus access roads,and 7902.2.8.3.6 Removing water from diked area. Provision shall be made for draining or removing excess water from a drain- 2. Impounding basins and approved means of disposal shall be age system or diked area. Such drains shall not discharge to designed to retain a spill from the largest capacity tank draining adjoining property,natural water courses,public sewers or public into a basin plus the design discharge from fire-protection systems drainage channels unless the drain is designed to prevent the including monitor nozzles, as specified in UFC Standard 79-1, release of flammable or combustible liquids. A valve operable Chapter 3, which flow into a basin. Impounding basins and the from outside the dike shall be provided in the dike system and shall route of a drainage system shall be located such that a fire occur- normally be kept closed. Control of drainage shall be accessible ring in a drainage system will not endanger pumps, manifolds, under fire conditions. control valves, electrical equipment,public utilities,fire-protec- tion equipment, tanks, adjoining properties or fire apparatus 7902.2.8.3.7 Combustible materials in diked areas. Diked access roads. areas shall be kept free of combustible materials,drums and bar- rels. 7902.2.8.3 Diked areas. 7902.2.8.3.8 Equipment, controls and piping in diked 7902.2.8.3.1 General. Where protection of adjacent tanks, areas. Pumps,manifolds,and fire-protection equipment or con- adjoining property or waterways is accomplished by retaining the trols shall not be located within diked areas or drainage basins or in liquid around the tank by means of a diked area,such diked areas a location where such equipment and controls would be endan- shall comply with Section 7902.2.8.3. gered by fire in the diked area or drainage basin. Piping above- ground shall be minimized and located as close as practical to the 7902.2.8.3.2 Volumetric capacity. The volumetric capacity of shell of the tank in diked areas or drainage basins. the diked area shall not be less than the greatest amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area. 7902.2.9 Protection from vehicles. When tanks are subject to The capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall vehicular damage, protection shall be in accordance with Sec- be calculated by deducting the volume of the tanks other than the tion 8001.11.3. largest tank below the height of the dike. 7902.3 Container and Portable Tank Storage Outside of 7902.2.8.3.3 Walls. Walls of the diked area shall be of earth, Buildings. steel,concrete or solid masonry designed to be liquid tight and to 7902.3.1 General. Storage of flammable and combustible liq- withstand a full hydrostatic head.Earthen walls 3 feet(914.4 mm) uids in closed containers and portable tanks outside of buildings or more in height shall have a flat section at the top not less than shall be in accordance with Sections 7902.1 and 7902.3.See also 2 feet (609.6 mm)wide. The slope shall be consistent with the Section 7902.1.8.1 for capacity limits for containers and portable angle of repose of the material of which the walls are constructed. tanks. The walls of the diked area shall be restricted to an average 7902.3.2 Plans. See Section 7901.3.2. Storage shall be in ac- height of 6 feet(1828.8 mm)above the interior grade,except when cordance with approved plans. dikes are higher than an average of 6 feet(1828.8 mm)above inte- rior grade, provisions shall be made for normal and necessary 7902.3.3 Location on property. emergency access to tanks,valves and other equipment and safe egress from the diked enclosure,as follows: 7902.3.3.1 General. Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Table 7902.3-A. 1. Where the average height of the dike containing Class I liq- Storage of liquids near buildings located on the same property uids is over 12 feet(3657.6 mm)measured from interior grade or shall be in accordance with Section 7902.3.3. where the distance between a tank and the top inside edge of the When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single dike wall is less than the height of the dike wall,provisions shall be pile,the quantity in the pile shall not exceed the smallest of maxi- made for normal operation of valves and for access to tank roofs mum quantities for the classes material stored. without entering below the top of the dike.These provisions are allowed to be met through the use of remotely operated valves, Storage of containers or portable tanks shall be provided with elevated walkways or similar arrangements, fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 902.2. 1-175 7902.3.3.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7902.5.6.3 The storage area shall be protected against tampering or tres- Rooms or buildings used for storage of Class I,II or III liquids passers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris shall be in accordance with Section 7902.5.7. and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage. Rooms or buildings used for dispensing,use,mixing and han- 7902.3.3.2 Storage adjacent to buildings. A maximum of dling of Class 1,II or III liquids shall be in accordance with Sec- 1,100 gallons(4163.5 L)of liquids stored in closed containers and tion 7903.2.1.6. portable tanks is allowed adjacent to a building located on the 7902.4.3 Openings for manual gaging. Openings for manual same premises and under the same management,provided that: gaging,if independent of the fill pipe,shall be provided with a liq- 1. The building does not exceed one story in height. Such uid-tight cover.Covers shall be kept closed when not in use.Such building shall be of fire-resistive construction with noncombus- openings shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible tible exterior surfaces or noncombustible construction and shall vapor release by means of a spring-loaded check valve or other be devoted principally to the storage of liquids,or approved devices. 2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the storage area shall 7902.5 Container and Portable Tank Storage inside Build- have a fire-resistance rating of not less than two hours,having no ings. openings to abovegrade areas within 10 feet(3048 mm)horizon- 7902.5.1 General. tally of such storage and no openings to belowgrade areas within 50 feet(15 240 mm)horizontally of such storage. 7902.5.1.1 Applicability. Storage of flammable and combus- The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in tible liquids inside buildings in drums or other containers and por- accordance with Item 2 is allowed to exceed 1,100 gallons(4163.5 table tanks shall be in accordance with Sections 7902.1 and L),provided that the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 7902.5. 1,100 gallons(4163.5 L)and each pile is separated by a 10-foot- EXCEPTIONS:1.Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles,air- minimum(3048 mm)clear space along the common wall. craft,boats,or portable or stationary engines. 2.The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or Where the quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons (4163.5 L) casks. adjacent to a building complying with Item 1,or the provisions of 7902.5.1.2 Fire protection. Item 1 cannot be met,a minimum distance in accordance with the column for distance to property line that can be built on in Table 7902.5.1.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Approved portable 7902.3-A shall be maintained between buildings and the nearest fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with UFC container or portable tank. Standard 10-1,except as specified in Section 7902.5.11.5.2. 7902.3.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Storage 7902.5.1.2.2 Water supply. The water supply shall be sufficient areas shall be provided with spill control and secondary contain- to deliver the specified fire-protection demand,including at least ment as set forth in Section 7901.8. 500 gallons per minute(31.5 L/s)for inside and outside hose lines. EXCEPTION:Containers stored on approved containment pallets 7902.5.2 Capacity limits for containers and portable in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.4. tanks. Containers shall not exceed 60 gallons(227.1 L)capacity. 7902.3.5 Security. Storage areas shall be protected against tam- Portable tanks shall not exceed 660 gallons(2498 L)capacity.See pering or trespassers by fencing or other control measures. Section 7902.1.8.1.Tanks exceeding 660 gallons(2498 L)capac- ity shall be in accordance with Section 7902.2,7902.4 or 7902.6. 7902.3.6 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other means 7902.5.3 Empty containers and portable tanks. Empty tanks shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular and containers previously used for the storage of flammable or damage. When guard posts are installed, the posts shall be combustible liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, shall be installed in accordance with Section 8001.11.3. stored as required for filled tanks and containers. 7902.3.7 Clearance from combustibles. The storage area shall Tanks and containers,when emptied,shall have the covers or be kept free of weeds,debris and combustible materials not neces- plugs immediately replaced in openings. sary to the storage.The area surrounding an exterior storage area shall be kept clear of such materials for a minimum distance of 7902.5.4 Incompatible materials. Materials which will react 15 feet(4572 mm). with water or other liquids to produce a hazard shall not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids.See also 7902.3.8 Weather protection. For weather protection for out- Section 7902.1.6. door storage,see Section 8003.1.14. 7902.5.5 Storage near means of egress. Class I,II or III-A liq- 7902.3.9 Empty containers and tank storage. The storage of uids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored near or exit- empty tanks and containers previously used for the storage of access doorways, stairways or in a location that would impede flammable or combustible liquids, unless free from explosive egress. vapors,shall be stored as required for filled containers and tanks. 7902.5.6 Shelf storage. Tanks and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings. 7902.5.6.1 General. Shelving shall be of substantial construc- tion,adequately braced and anchored.For seismic requirements, 7902.4 Stationary Aboveground Tank Storage inside Build- see the Building Code. ings. 7902.5.6.2 Displacement protection. Shelves shall be of suffi- 7902.4.1 General. Storage of flammable and combustible liq- cient depth and provided with a lip or guard to prevent individual uids in stationary aboveground tanks inside of buildings shall be in containers from being easily displaced. accordance with Sections 7902.1 and 7902.4. EXCEPTION:Shelves in storage cabinets or on laboratory furni- 7902.4.2 Where allowed. Stationary tanks for the storage of ture specifically designed for such use. flammable and combustible liquids shall be in rooms or buildings 7902.5.6.3 Manner of storage. Shelf storage of flammable and complying with the Building Code. combustible liquids shall be maintained in an orderly manner. 1-176 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7902.5.7 7902.5.10.1 7902.5.7 Quantity limits for storage. ratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment 7902.5.7.1 Exempt amounts for control areas. For occupan- and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. cies other than Group M Occupancy wholesale and retail sales 7902.5.7.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control uses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall areas. Quantities exceeding quantities allowed in control areas not exceed the exempt amounts set forth in Table 7902.5-A and set forth in Sections 7902.5.7.1 and 7902.5.7.2 shall be in liquid shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in Sec- storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accordance with tion 7902.5.7.2. Sections 7902.5.11 and 7902.5.12. For Group M Occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses,indoor 7902.5.8 Special provisions for liquids used for maintenance storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the and operation of equipment. In all occupancies, quantities of exempt amounts set forth in Table 7902.5-B. flammable and combustible liquids in excess of 10 gallons(37.85 See Article 51 for storage of hazardous production material L)used for maintenance purposes and the operation of equipment flammable and combustible liquids in Group H,Division 6 Occu- shall be stored in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with Sec- pancies. tion 7902.5.9. Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons(37.85 L)are allowed to be stored outside of a cabinet when in approved con- 7902.5.7.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits tainers located in private garages or other approved locations. for quantities of stored flammable or combustible liquids shall not In Groups A,B,E,F,I,M,R and S Occupancies,quantities of be exceeded: flammable and combustible liquids used for demonstration,treat- 1. Group A Occupancies: ment and laboratory work exceeding 10 gallons(37.85 L)shall be Quantities in Group A Occupancies shall not exceed amounts stored in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with Section necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- 7902.5.9. Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons(37.85 L)shall be nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed in approved locations. quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. 7902.5.9 Liquid storage cabinets. 2. Group B Occupancies: 7902.5.9.1 General. When other sections of this code require Quantities in drinking, dining, office and school uses within that liquid containers are stored in storage cabinets,such cabinets Group B Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for and storage shall be in accordance with Section 7902.5.9. demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance pur- 7902.5.9.2 Quantities. The combined total quantity of all liq- ' poses and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities uids in a cabinet shall not exceed 120 gallons(454.2 L). set forth in Table 7902.5-A. 3. Group E Occupancies: 7902.5.9.3 Construction. Quantities in Group E Occupancies shall not exceed amounts 7902.5.9.3.1 Labeling. Cabinets shall be provided with a con- necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- spicuous label in red letters on contrasting background which nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed reads FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIRE AWAY. quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. 7902.5.9.3.2 Doors. Doors shall be well fitted,self-closing and 4. Group F Occupancies: equipped with a latch. Quantities in dining, office and school uses within Group F 7902.5.9.3.3 Bottom. The bottom of the cabinet shall be liquid Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demon- tight to a height of at least 2 inches(50.8 mm). stration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in 7902.5.9.3.4 Materials. Cabinets shall be constructed of ap- Table equipment proved wood or metal. Cabinets shall be listed or constructed in accordance with the following: 5. Group I Occupancies: 1. Unlisted metal cabinets shall be constructed of steel having a Quantities in Group I Occupancies shall not exceed amounts thickness of not less than 0.044 inch (1.12 mm) (18 gage). The necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- cabinet,including the door,shall be double walled with 11/2-inch nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed (38.1 mm)airspace between the walls. Joints shall be riveted or quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. welded and shall be tightfitting. 6. Group M Occupancies: 2. Unlisted wooden cabinets, including doors, shall be Quantities in dining, office and school uses within Group M constructed of not less than 1-inch(25.4 mm)exterior grade ply- Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demon- Food.Joints shall be rabbited and shall be fastened in two direc- stration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation tions with wood screws. Door hinges shall be of steel or brass. of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Cabinets shall be painted with an intumescent-type paint. Table 7902.5-A. 7902.5.9.4 Number of cabinets. Group A Occupancies shall ' See Section 7902.5.7.1 for exempt amounts for wholesale and not contain more than one cabinet. retail sales uses. 7902.5.10 Storage in control areas. 7. Group R Occupancies: 7902.5.10.1 General. Storage in control areas shall be in ac- Quantities in Group R Occupancies shall not exceed amounts cordance with the following: necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment 1. Class I liquids shall not be stored in basements, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. 8. Group S Occupancies: 2. Containers having less than 30-gallon (113.6 L) capacity shall not be stacked more than 3 feet(914.4 mm)or two containers Quantities in dining and office uses within Group S Occupan- high, whichever is greater, unless stacked on fixed shelving or cies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration,labo- otherwise satisfactorily secured.Containers having a capacity of 1-177 7902.5.10.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7902.5.11.5.2 30 gallons(113.6 L)or more shall not be stored more than one con- stored in a liquid storage room complying with Section 7902.5.11 tainer high.Containers shall be stored in an upright position, and constructed and separated as required by the Building Code. 3. Containers on shelves shall be stored in accordance with 7902.5.11.2 Quantities and arrangement of storage. Table 7902.5-C. Combustible commodities shall not be stored 7902.5.11.2.1 General. The quantity limits and arrangements of above flammable or combustible liquids, liquid storage in liquid storage rooms shall be in accordance with 4. Piles shall not be closer than 3 feet(914.4 mm)to the nearest Table 7902.5-D or 7902.5-E and Section 7902.5.11.2. beam,chord,girder or other obstruction and shall be 3 feet(914.4 mm) below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water uids are stored Mixed storage. When two or more classes of liq- spray or other overhead fire-protection systems,and uids are stored in a pile or rack section: 5. In areas that are not accessible to the public,Class I,II and 1. The quantity in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest III-A liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or rack section as of the maximum quantities for the classes of liquids stored in ordinary combustible commodities unless such materials are accordance with Table 7902.5-D or 7902.5-E,and packaged together as kits. 2. The height of storage in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest of the maximum heights for the classes of liquids stored 7902.5.10.2 Group M Occupancy wholesale and retail sales in accordance with Table 7902.5-D or 7902.5-E. uses. 7902.5.11.2.3 Separation and aisles. Piles shall be separated 7902.5.10.2.1 General. Flammable and combustible liquids in from each other by at least 4-foot(1219.2 mm)aisles.Aisles shall Group M Occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses shall be in be provided so that all containers are 12 feet(3657.6 mm)or less accordance with Section 7902.5.10.2. from an aisle.Where the storage of liquids is on racks,a minimum 4-foot-wide (1219.2 mm) aisle shall be provided between adja- 7902.5.10.2.2 Container type. Containers for Class I liquids cent rows of racks and adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be metal. shall be a minimum of 8 feet(2438.4 mm)wide. EXCEPTION: In sprinklered buildings an aggregate quantity of Additional aisles shall be provided for access to doors,required 120 gallons(454.2 L)of water-miscible Class I-B and I-C liquids is windows and ventilation openings, standpipe connections, allowed in nonmetallic containers,each having a capacity of 16 ounces mechanical equipment,and switches.Such aisles shall be at least (0.473 L)or less. 3 feet(914.4 mm)in width,unless greater widths are required for See also Section 7902.1.8.1.3. separation of piles or racks,in which case the greater width shall 7902.5.10.2.3 Container capacity. Containers for Class I liq- be provided. uids shall not exceed 5-gallon(18.9 L)capacity. 7902.5.11.2.4 Stabilizing and supports. Containers and piles EXCEPTION:Metal containers not exceeding 55 gallons(208.2 shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to provide stability and to L)may be used to store up to 240 gallons(908.5 L)of the allowable prevent excessive stress to container walls.Portable tanks stored exempt amount of Classes I-B and I-C liquids in a control area.The over one tier high shall be designed to nest securely without dun- building shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system nage. See UFC Standard 79-5 for requirements for portable tank in accordance with Table 7902.5-B.The containers shall be provided design. Shelving,racks,dunnage,scuffboards,floor overlay and with plastic caps without cap seals and shall be stored upright.Contain- similar installations shall be of noncombustible construction or of ers shall not be stacked or stored in racks and shall not be located in wood not less than 1-inch(25.4 mm)nominal thickness.Adequate areas accessible to the public. material-handling equipment shall be available to handle tanks 7902.5.10.2.4 Fire protection and storage arrangement. Fire safely at upper tier levels. protection and container storage arrangement shall be in accord- 7902.5.11.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Liquid ance with Table 7902.5-C and the following: storage rooms shall be provided with spill control and secondary 1. Combustible commodities shall not be stored above flam- containment in accordance with Section 7901.8. mable or combustible liquids, 7902.5.11.4 Ventilation. Liquid storage rooms shall be venti- 2. Storage on shelves shall not exceed 6 feet(1828.8 mm)in lated in accordance with Section 8003.1.4. height, and shelving shall be metal, 7902.5.11.5 Fire protection. 3. Storage on pallets or in piles greater than 4 feet 6 inches 7902.5.11.5.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquid storage (1371.6 mm) in height, or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet rooms shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems installed (5486.4 mm) in height, shall be protected in accordance with in accordance with the Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1)and Table 7902.5-F,and the storage heights and arrangement shall be Table 7902.5-F, 7902.5-G, 7902.5-H, 7902.5-I or 7902.5-J. In- limited to those specified in Table 7902.5-D,and rack sprinklers shall also comply with UFC Standard 81-2. 4. Storage on racks greater than 4 feet 6 inches(1371.6 mm)in Automatic foam-water systems and automatic aqueous film height,or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet(5486.4 mm)in height, forming foam(AFFF)-water sprinkler systems may be used only shall be protected in accordance with Tables 7902.5-H,7902.5-I when approved. and 7902.54 as appropriate,and the storage heights and arrange- ments shall be limited to those specified in Table 7902.5-E. Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale fire testing conducted at a nationally recognized fire testing labo- 7902.5.10.2.5 Storage plan. When required by the chief, aisle ratory is allowed in lieu of the protection as shown in Tables and storage plans shall be submitted in accordance with Sec- 7902.5-D through 7902.54 when approved. tion 8001.3.2. 7902.5.11.5.2 Portable fire extinguishers. One or more porta- 7902.5.11 Liquid storage rooms. ble fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) or more than 50 feet 7902.5.11.1 General. Quantities of liquids exceeding those set (15 240 mm)from any Class I or II liquid storage area located out- forth in Section 7902.5.7 for storage in control areas shall be side of a liquid storage room. 1-178 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7902.5.11.5.2 7902.6.5.3 One or more portable fire extinguishers having a rating of not 7902.6.2 Contents. Underground tanks shall not contain petro- less than 20-B shall be located outside of,but not more than 10 feet leum products containing mixtures of a nonpetroleum nature, (3048 mm)from,the door opening into a liquid storage room. such as ethanol or methanol blends,without evidence of compati- 7902.5.11.6 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall not be bility. stored in basements. 7902.6.3 Location. Flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks located underground,either outside or under buildings,shall 7902.5.11.7 Explosion control.See Section 7902.1.5. be in accordance with the following: 7902.5.12 Liquid storage warehouses. 1. Tanks shall be located with respect to existing foundations and supports such that the loads carried by the latter cannot be 7902.5.12.1 General. Buildings used for storage of flammable transmitted to the tank, or combustible liquids in quantities exceeding those set forth in 2. The distance from any part of a tank storing liquids to the Section 7902.5.7 for control areas and Section 7902.5.11.2 for liq- nearest wall of a basement,pit,cellar or property line shall not be uid storage rooms shall comply with Section 7902.5.12 and shall less than 3 feet(914.4 mm),and be constructed and separated as required by the Building Code. 3. A minimum distance of 1 foot (304.8 mm), shell to shell, 7902.5.12.2 Quantities and storage arrangement. shall be maintained between underground tanks. 7902.5.12.2.1 General. The total quantities of liquids in a liquid 7902.6.4 Depth and cover. Excavation for underground storage storage warehouse are not limited. The arrangement of storage tanks shall be made with due care to avoid undermining of founda- shall be in accordance with Table 7902.5-D or 7902.5-E. tions of existing structures.Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations and surrounded with at least 6 inches(152.4 mm)of 7902.5.12.2.2 Mixed storage. Mixed storage shall be in accord- noncorrosive inert material such as clean sand or gravel well ance with Section 7902.5.11.2.2. tamped in place or in accordance with the manufacturer's installa- 7902.5.12.2.3 Separation and aisles. Separation and aisles tion instructions.Tanks shall be covered with a minimum of 2 feet shall be in accordance with Section 7902.5.11.2.3. (609.6 mm)of earth or shall be covered by not less than 1 foot (304.8 mm)of earth,on top of which shall be placed a slab of rein- 7902.5.12.2.4 Stabilizing and supports. Stabilizing and sup- forced concrete not less than 4 inches(101.6 mm)thick. ports shall be in accordance with Section 7902.5.11.2.4. When underground tanks are,or are likely to be, subjected to 7902.5.12.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Liquid traffic,they shall be protected against damage from vehicles pass- storage warehouses shall be provided with spill control and secon- ing over them by at least 3 feet (914.4 mm) of earth cover, or dary containment as set forth in Section 7901.8. 18 inches(457.2 mm)of well-tamped earth plus 6 inches(152.4 mm)of reinforced concrete,or 8 inches(203.2 mm)of asphaltic 7902.5.12.4 Ventilation. Liquid storage warehouses shall be concrete.When asphaltic or reinforced concrete paving is used as ventilated in accordance with Section 8003.1.4. part of the protection,it shall extend at least 1 foot(304.8 mm)hor- izontally beyond the outline of the tank in all directions. 7902.5.12.5 Fire protection. For tanks built in accordance with Section 7902.1.8,the burial 7902.5.12.5.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquid storage depth and the height of the vent line shall be such that the static warehouses shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems head imposed at the bottom of the tank will not exceed 10 psig installed in accordance with the Building Code(see UBC Stand- (68.9 kPa)if the fill or vent pipe is filled with liquid. and 9-1) and Table 7902.5-F, 7902.5-G, 7902.5-H, 7902.5-I or If the depth of cover exceeds 7 feet (2133.6 mm) or the 7902.5-J. In-rack sprinklers shall also comply with UFC Stand- manufacturer's specifications, reinforcements shall be provided and 81-2. in accordance with the tank manufacturer's recommendations. Automatic foam-water systems and automatic aqueous film Nonmetallic underground tanks shall be installed in accordance forming foam-water sprinkler systems may only be used when ap- with the manufacturer's instructions. The minimum depth of proved. cover shall be as specified above in Section 7902.6.4. Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale 7902.6.5 Overfill protection. fire testing conducted at a nationally recognized fire testing labo- ratory is allowed in lieu of the protection as shown in Tables 7902.6.5.1 General. Fill pipes shall be equipped with a spill 7902.5-D through 7902.54 when approved. container and an overfill prevention system as specified in Sec- tion 7902.6.5. 7902.5.12.5.2 Warehouse hose lines. In liquid storage ware- 7902.6.5.2 Spill containers. A spill container shall be provided houses,either I1/2-inch(38.1 mm)lined or 1-inch(25.4 mm)hard for each fill pipe to collect liquids spilled by overfilling during rubber hand hose lines shall be provided in sufficient number to tank-filling operations.Containers are allowed to be constructed reach all liquid storage areas. See also Section 1001.9. of single-wall construction. Containers shall have a capacity of 7902.5.12.6 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall not be not less than 5 gallons(18.9 L)and shall be equipped with a drain stored in basements. valve which drains a spill into the primary tank. 7902.5.12.7 Explosion control. See Section 7902.1.5. 7902.6.5.3 Overfill prevention system. An overfill prevention system shall be provided for each tank.The system shall either: 7902.6 Underground Tank Storage. 1. Have an alarm which provides an audible and visual signal 7902.6.1 General. Underground storage of flammable and When the quantity of liquid in the tank reaches 90 percent of tank combustible liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with Sections capacity, 17902.1 and 7902.6.For storage of flammable and combustible liq- 2. Automatically shut off the flow when the quantity of liquid uids in below-grade vaults,see Appendix II-J. in the tank reaches 95 percent of tank capacity,or 1-179 7902.6.5.3 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7902.6.16.4 3. Reduce the flow rate to not more than 15 gallons per minute 7902.6.15.2 Cathodic protection. Cathodic protection systems (0.95 L/s)so that,at the reduced flow rate,the tank will not overfill provided for corrosion protection shall be in accordance with for 30 minutes, and automatically shut-off flow into the tank so nationally recognized standards. that none of the fittings on the top of the tank are exposed to prod- uct due to overfilling. 7902.6.15.3 Corrosion-resistant materials. Corrosion-resis- tant materials of construction,such as special alloys;nonmetallic, 7902.6.6 Inventory control. Daily inventory records shall be reinforced plastic coatings; composites; or equivalent systems, maintained for underground storage tank systems in accordance may be used when approved. with Section 5202.3.9. 7902.6.15.4 Testing of corrosion protection. New under- 7902.6.7 Locations subject to flooding. Where a tank could ground steel tanks and piping shall be tested by the structure-to- become buoyant due to a rise in the level of the water table or due soil-potential method after the system is in operation. The tank to location in an area that is subject to flooding,the tank shall be manufacturer shall provide a structure lead and a test station.The anchored in place.See Appendix II-B or manufacturer's installa- criteria for adequate corrosion protection shall be in accordance tion instructions. with recognized standards. Testing shall be done at installation and not less than once every five years thereafter by approved 7902.6.8 Leaking tanks. Leaking tanks shall be promptly emp- qualified persons. tied and removed from the ground or abandoned in accordance with Section 7902.1.7.4 or 7902.1.7.2.4,respectively. EXCEPTION: Approved and listed composite fiberglass-rein- forced plastic tanks. 7902.6.9 Used tanks. Reinstallation of used tanks is allowed when such tanks comply with the requirements of Sections 7902.6.16 Testing of underground tanks. 7902.1.8 and 7902.6.15. See also Section 7902.6.16.4. 7902.6.16.1 General. Before being covered or placed in use, 7902.6.10 Tank lining. Steel tanks are allowed to be lined only tanks and piping connected to underground tanks shall be tested for the purpose of protecting the interior from corrosion or provid- for tightness in the presence of the chief.For pipe testing,see Sec- ing compatibility with a material to be stored.Only those liquids tion 7901.11.10.The system shall not be covered until it has been tested for compatibility with the lining material are allowed to be approved. stored in lined tanks. 7902.6.16.2 New tanks. New underground tanks shall be tested Tank opening,cleaning,preparation,inspection,lining,closing for tightness hydrostatically or pneumatically at not less than and testing shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 79-6. 3 pounds per square inch(20.7 kPa)and not more than 5 pounds For permits to alter a tank,see Section 105,Permit f.3.6. per square inch(34.5 kPa)for 30 minutes.Pneumatic testing shall not be used on a tank containing flammable or combustible liquids Interior-lined underground tanks shall be protected from corro- or vapors. sion in accordance with Section 7902.6.15. When secondary containment tanks are required in accordance 7902.6.11 Secondary containment. An approved method of with Section 7902.6.11,they shall be tested in accordance with the secondary containment shall be provided for underground tank manufacturer's instructions.Both the primary and secondary con- systems,including tanks,piping and related components,where a tainment shall be tested. leak from such a system would pose an immediate hazard to per- sons or property,as determined by the chief.See Appendix II-G. 7902.6.16.3 Existing tanks and piping. Existing underground storage tanks and piping shall be tested for leakage at the owner's 7902.6.12 Leak detection required. Underground storage tank or operator's expense when the chief has reasonable cause to systems shall be provided with an approved method of detecting believe that a leak exists.Orders by the chief requiring testing on leaks from any component of the system which normally contains underground tanks or piping shall indicate that the test be com- liquid. pleted by a specified date.Tanks shall be emptied of flammable or combustible liquids,and piping and other equipment shall not be 7902.6.13 Leak-detection installation and maintenance. used if required tests are not completed within the specified time. Leak-detection devices and methods shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Standard u.3.2. When testing is required,owners or operators shall provide the Such devices shall be inspected and tested at least annually,and chief with data setting forth the method of testing that is to be used the test results maintained for at least one year. and shall submit the name of a qualified individual who will con- duct the test.The method of testing to be used shall consider the 7902.6.14 Leak reporting. Any consistent or accidental loss of effects of temperature, pressure and other variables and shall liquid, or other indication of a leak from a tank system, shall be establish conclusively whether the tank or piping is leaking.Pneu- reported immediately to the fire department. matic testing shall not be used for tanks. 7902.6.15 Corrosion protection. Devices used for final testing of tanks shall be capable of detect- ing leaks as small as 0.05 gallon per hour(0.19 L/hr).Leaking pip- 7902.6.15.1 General. Underground tanks and piping shall be ing and equipment shall not be used until repaired or replaced. properly designed,installed and maintained, and protected from The chief is authorized to require that the test be conducted in corrosion in accordance with Section 7902.6.15.2 or 7902.6.15.3. the chief's presence. EXCEPTION:If conditions,based on adequate proof,warrant the deletion of the corrosion-protection requirements,the chief may waive 7902.6.16.4 Used tanks. Used tanks intended for flammable or the corrosion-protection requirements. combustible liquid service shall be tested as required for new See Article 90,Standards a.3.10,n.1.2,s.1.1,u.1.14 and u.2.1. tanks. 1-180 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.1-A TABLE 7902.2-A TABLE 7902.1-A-MAXIMUM SIZE OF CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS (See Section 7902.1.8.1) CLASS I-A CLASS I-B CLASS I-C CLASS II CLASS III CONTAINER TYPE x 3.785 for gal.to L 1.Glass) 1 pt.(0.47 L) 1 qt.(0.95 L) 1 gal. 1 gal. 5 gal. 2.Metal or listed approved plastic2 1 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 3.Approved plastic2 0 gal. 0 gal. 0 gal. 0 gal. 5 gal. 4.Safety cans 2 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5.Metal drum 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 6.Approved portable tanks 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 7.Polyethylene3 Footnote 4 Footnote 4 60 gal. 60 gal. Klass I-A and I-B liquids are allowed to be stored in glass containers of not more than 1-gallon(3.785 L)capacity if the required liquid purity,such as American Chemical Society analytical reagent grade or higher,would be affected by storage in metal containers or if the liquid would cause excessive corrosion of a metal container. 2See Sections 7902.1.8.1.3 and 7902.5.10.2.2 for special limitations. 3Polyethylene containers in accordance with nationally recognized standards.See Article 90,Standard u.3.3. 4See Rows 2,3 and 4. TABLE 7902.1-B-VENT LINE DIAMETERS (See Section 7902.1.11.7) MAXIMUM FLOW(gpm) PIPE LENGTH' x 3.785 for Umin 50 feet 15 240 mm 100 feet 30 480 mm 200 feet 60 960 mm 100 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 200 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 300 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 400 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 500 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 600 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 700 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 800 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 3-inch 76.2 mm 900 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 3-inch 76.2 mm 1,000 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 3-inch 76.2 mm 1Vent lines of 50 feet(15 240 mm),100 feet(30 480 mm)and 200 feet(60 960 mm)of pipe,plus 7 ells. TABLE 7902.2-A-STABLE LIQUIDS WITH OPERATING PRESSURE OF 2.5 PSIG(17.2 kPa)OR LESS (See Section 7902.2.2.2) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM NEAREST SIDE MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, IMPORTANT BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY, REQUIRED INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY, AND SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION AND SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 5 FEET(1524 mm) 5 FEET(1524 mm) Floating roof Protection Ifor 1/2 times diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of tank (See Section 7901.2.2) exposures None Diameter of tank but need not exceed 175 feet 1/6 times diameter of tank (53 340 mm) Vertical with weak roof- Approved foam or to-shell seam inerting system on tanks 1/2 times diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of tank (See Sections 7902.2.2.2 not exceeding 150 feet and 7902.2.6.2) (45 720 mm)in diameter2 Protection for Diameter of tank 1/3 times diameter of tank exposures) None 2 times diameter of tank but need not exceed 1/3 times diameter of tank 350 feet(106.7 mm) Horizontal and vertical Approved inerting system with emergency relief on the tank or approved 1/2 times Table 7902.2-F 1/2 times Table 7902.2-F venting to limit pressures foam system on vertical to 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa) tanks Protection for Table 7902.2-F Table 7902.2-F exposures) None 2 times Table 7902.2-F Table 7902.2-F 1Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adja- cent to liquid storage. 2For tanks over 150 feet(45 720 mm)in diameter,use"Protection for exposures"or"None,"as applicable. 1-181 TABLE 7902.2-B 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.2-E TABLE 7902.2-B—STABLE LIQUIDS WITH OPERATING PRESSURE GREATER THAN 2.5 PSIG(17.2 kPa) (See Section 7902.2.2.3) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM NEAREST SIDE OF REQUIRED OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY Protection for 11/2 times Table 7902.2-F but shall not be less 11/2 times Table 7902.2-F but shall not be less Any type exposures) than 25 feet(7620 mm) than 25 feet(7620 mm) None 3 times Table 7902.2-F but shall not be less than 11/2 times Table 7902.2-F but shall not be less 50 feet(15 240 mm) than 25 feet(7620 mm) 1Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing than water streams on structures on property adja- cent to liquid storage. TABLE 7902.2-C—BOILOVER LIQUIDS (See Section 7902.2.2.4) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM NEAREST SIDE OF OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT REQUIRED INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY AND SHALL NOT TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION AND SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 5 FEET(1524 mm) BE LESS THAN 5 FEET(1524 mm) Floating roof Protection for t 1 (See Section 7901.2.2) exposures) /2 times diameter of tank /6 times diameter of tank None Diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of tank Fixed roof Approved foam or inerting system2 Diameter of tank 1/3 times diameter of tank Protection for exposures) 2 times diameter of tank 2/3 times diameter of tank None 4 times diameter of tank but need not exceed 350 2/3 times diameter of tank feet(106.7 m) 1Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adja- cent to liquid storage. 2See Section 7902.2.5. TABLE 7902.2-D—UNSTABLE LIQUIDS (See Section 7902.2.2.5) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM LINE OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY OR REQUIRED UPON,INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT BUILDING ON TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION PUBLIC WAY THE SAME PROPERTY Horizontal and vertical Tank protected with any one of the Table 7902.2-F but not less than 25 feet 25 feet(7620 mm) tanks with emergency following:approved water spray, (7620 mm) relief venting to permit approved inerting,approved pressure not in excess of insulation and refrigeration, 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa) approved barricade Protection for exposures) 21/2 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 5 50 feet(15 240 mm) 0 feet(15 240 mm) None 5 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 100 100 feet(30 480 mm) feet(30 480 mm) Horizontal and vertical Tank protected with any one of the 2 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 50 50 feet(15 240 mm) tanks with emergency following:approved water spray, feet(15 240 mm) relief venting to permit approved inerting,approved pressure over 2.5 psig insulation and refrigeration, (17.2 kPa) approved barricade Protection for exposures) 4 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 100 feet(30 480 mm) 100 feet(30 480 mm) None 8 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 150 150 feet(45 720 mm) feet(45 720 mm) 1Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adja- cent to liquid storage. TABLE 7902.2-E—CLASS III-B LIQUIDS (See Section 7902.2.2.6) MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM PROPERTY LINE OF MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON,INCLUDING PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT TANK CAPACITY(gallons) THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY(feet) BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY(feet) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm 12,000 or less 5 5 12,001 to 30,000 10 5 30,001 to 50,000 10 10 50,001 to 100,000 15 10 100,001 or more 15 15 1-182 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.2-F TABLE 7902.2-1 TABLE 7902.2-F-REFERENCE TABLE FOR USE IN TABLES 7902.2-A,7902.2-B AND 7902.2-D MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM PROPERTY LINE OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY BUILT UPON,INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT TANK CAPACITY(gallons) OF A PUBLIC WAY(feet) BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY(feet) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm 275 or less 5 5 276 to 750 10 5 751 to 12,000 15 5 12,001 to 30,000 20 5 30,001 to 50,000 30 10 50,001 to 100,000 50 15 100,001 to 500,000 80 25 500,001 to 1,000,000 100 35 1,000,001 to 2,000,000 135 45 2,000,001 to 3,000,000 165 55 3,000,001 or more 175 60 TABLE 7902.2-G-MINIMUM SEPARATION(SHELL-TO-SHELL)OF TANKS CONTAINING STABLE LIQUIDS1,2 (See Section 7902.2.3.1) MINIMUM SEPARATION TANK DIAMETER(feet) Fixed Roof Tanks x 304.8 for mm Floating Roof Tanks Class I or II Liquids Class III Liquids Not over 150 1/6 sum of adjacent tank 1/6 sum of adjacent tank 1/6 sum of adjacent tank diameters but not less than diameters but not less than diameters but not less than 3 feet(914.4 mm) 3 feet(914.4 mm) 3 feet(914.4 mm) More than 150 If remote impounding is in accordance with Section 1/6 sum of adjacent tank 1/4 sum of adjacent tank 1/6 sum of adjacent tank 7902.2.8.2 diameters diameters diameters If impounding is within dikes around tanks in 1/4 sum of adjacent tank 1/3 sum of adjacent tank 1/4 sum of adjacent tank accordance with diameters diameters diameters Section 7902.2.8.3 1Crude petroleum tanks having individual capacities not exceeding 126,000 gallons(3,000 barrels)(476 910 L),when located at production facilities in isolated locations,need not be separated by more than 3 feet(914.4 mm). 2Tanks used for storing Class III-B liquids are allowed to be spaced 3 feet(914.4 mm)apart unless within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or II liquid. TABLE 7902.2-H-WETTED AREA VERSUS VENT CAPACITYI (14.7 psia and 60°F)(101.3 kPa and 15.6°C) (See Sections 7902.2.6.3.1 and 7902.2.6.3.2) WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY (square feet) (CFH) (square feet) (CFH) (square feet) (CFH) x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0283 for m3/hr. x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0283 for m3/hr. x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0283 for m3/hr. 20 21,100 200 211,000 1,000 524,000 30 31,600 250 239,000 1,200 557,000 40 42,100 300 265,000 1,400 587,000 50 52,700 350 288,000 1,600 614,000 60 63,200 400 312,000 1,800 639,000 70 73,700 500 354,000 2,000 662,000 80 84,200 600 392,000 2,400 704,000 90 94,800 700 428,000 2,800 742,000 100 105,000 800 462,000 and over 120 126,000 900 493,000 140 147,000 160 168,000 180 190,000 1Interpolate for intermediate values. TABLE 7902.2-1-WETTED AREA OVER 2,800 SO.FT.(260.1 m2)AND PRESSURES OVER 1 PSIG(6.89 kPa) (See Section 7902.2.6.3.2) WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY (square feet) (CFH) (square feet) (CFH) x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0283 for m3/hr. x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0283 for m3/hr. 2,800 742,000 9,000 1,930,000 3,000 786,000 10,000 2,110,000 3,500 892,000 15,000 2,940,000 4,000 995,000 20,000 3,720,000 4,500 1,100,000 25,000 4,470,000 5,000 1,250,000 30,000 5,190,000 6,000 1,390,000 35,000 5,900,000 7,000 1,570,000 40,000 6,570,000 8,000 1,760,000 1-183 TABLE 7902.3-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-B TABLE 7902.3-A—OUTDOOR LIQUID STORAGE IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS (See Sections 7902.3.3.1 and 7902.3.3.2) CONTAINER STORAGE—MAXIMUM PORTABLE TANK MINIMUM DISTANCE PER PILE STORAGE—MAXIMUM PER PILE TO PROPERTY LINE Quantityt z Height Quanti 2 Height MINIMUM DISTANCE OF PROPERTY THAT MINIMUM DISTANCE CLASS g g BETWEEN PILES OR CAN BE BUILT TO STREET,ALLEY OR OF (gallons) (feet) (gallons) (feet) RACKS(feet) UPON3,4(feet) A PUBLIC WAY4(feet) LIQUID x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm I-A 1,100 10 2,200 7 5 50 10 I-B 2,200 12 4,400 14 5 50 10 I-C 4,400 12 8,800 14 5 50 10 II 8,800 12 17,600 14 5 25 5 III 22,000 18 44,000 14 5 10 5 1For mixed class storage,see Section 7902.3.3.1. 217or storage in racks,the quantity limits per pile do not apply,but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 feet(15 240 mm)in length and two rows or 9 feet(30 480 mm)in depth. 31f protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams is not available,the distance shall be doubled. 4When the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile,the distances are allowed to be reduced 50 percent,but not less than 3 feet(914.4 mm). TABLE 7902.5-A—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS— MAXIMUM QUANTITIES STORED PER CONTROL AREA1,2,3 (See Section 7902.5.7) EXEMPT AMOUNT(gallons) TYPE OF LIQUID x 3.785 for L Flammable Class I-A 30 Class I-B 60 Class I-C 90 Combination I-A,I-B,I-C 1204 Combustible Class II 120 Class III-A 330 Class III-B 13,2005 Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2Quantities are allowed to be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets.When Footnote 3 applies,the increase for each footnote is allowed. 3Quantities are allowed to be increased 100 percent in buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. When Footnote 2 applies,the increase for each footnote is allowed. 4Combinations shall not contain more than the exempt amounts of any individual class. 5Quantities permitted in a building equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system are not limited. TABLE 7902.5-B—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES USES— MAXIMUM QUANTITIES STORED PER CONTROL AREA1 (See Section 7902.5.7.1) EXEMPT AMOUNTS(gallons) x 3.785 for L Sprinklered2 per Footnote Densities Sprinklered per Tables 7902.5-F TYPE OF LIQUID and Arrangements through 7902.5-K Unsprinklered Flammable:Class I-A 60 60 30 Flammable and combustible:Combination Class I-13,I-C, 7,5003 15,0003 1,600 II and 111-A Combustible:Class III-B Unlimited Unlimited 13,200 IControl areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2T6 be considered as sprinklered,buildings shall be protected with approved automatic sprinkler systems with designs providing minimum densities as follows: For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet(1829 mm)or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet(5486 mm),quantities are those per- mitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2. For cartoned,palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches(1372 mm)or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet (5486 mm),quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gpm per square foot[8.56 L/(min•m2)]over the most remote 1,500-square-foot(139 m2)area. 3When wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet(4645 m2)in area,exempt amounts are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet(92.9 m2)of area in excess of 50,000 square feet(4645 m2),up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts.A control area separation is not required.The cumulative amounts,including amounts attained by having an additional control area,shall not exceed 30,000 gallons(113 562 L). 1-184 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-C TABLE 7902.5-E TABLE 7902.5-C-MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT IN CONTROL AREA (See Sections 7902.5.10.1 and 7902.5.10.2.4) SPRINKLERED1 WITH IN-RACK UNSPRINKLERED AREA(feet) SPRINKLERED AREA(feet) PROTECTION (feet) TYPE OF LIQUID x 304.8 for mm Flammable liquids: Class I-A 4 4 4 Class I-B 4 8 12 Class I-C 4 8 12 Combustible liquids: Class 11 6 8 12 Class III-A 8 12 16 Class III-B 8 12 20 lln-rack protection shall be in accordance with Table 7902.5-H,7902.5-1 or 7902.5-J. TABLE 7902.5-D-STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PALLETIZED OR SOLID-PILE STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.2.1,7902.5.11.2.2 and 7902.5.12.2.1) MAXIMUM QUANTITY MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER PILE(gallons) PER ROOM'(gallons) MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT x 3.785 for L Containers2 Portable Tanks STORAGE (feet) (feet) CLASS LEVEL Drums x 304.8 for mm Containers Portable Tanks Containers Portable Tanks Ground floor 1 5 Not allowed 3,000 Not allowed 12,000 Not allowed I-A Upper floors 1 5 Not allowed 2,000 Not allowed 8,000 Not allowed Basements 0 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Ground floor 1 61/2 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 I-B Upper floors 1 61/2 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements 0 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Ground floor 1 61/23 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 I-C Upper floors 1 61/23 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements 0 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Ground floor 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 11 Upper floors 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 Basements 1 5 7 7,500 20,000 7,500 20,000 Ground floor 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 III Upper floors 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 Basements 3 10 7 10,000 20,000 25,000 40,000 1See Section 7902.5.12.2.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses. 2Storage heights are allowed to be increased for Class I-B,I-C,II and III liquids in metal containers of 5-gallon(18.9 L)or less capacity when an automatic AFFF- water protection system is provided in accordance with Table 7902.5-G. 3These height limitations are allowed to be increased to 10 feet(3048 mm)for containers having a capacity of 5 gallons(18.9 L)or less. TABLE 7902.5-E-STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.2.1,7902.5.11.2.2 and 7902.5.12.2.1) feet MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOM MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT(feet) (gallons) x 304.8 for mm x 3.785 for L CLASS TYPE RACK STORAGE LEVEL Containers Containers Double row Ground floor 25 7,500 I-A or Upper floors 15 4,500 Single row Basements Not allowed Not allowed I-B Double row Ground floor 25 15,000 I-C or Upper floors 15 9,000 Single row Basements Not allowed Not allowed Double row Ground floor 25 24,000 II or Upper floors 25 24,000 Single row Basements 15 9,000 Multirow, Ground floor 40 48,000 III Double row or Upper floors 20 48,000 Single row Basements 20 24,000 1-185 TABLE 7902.5-F 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-G TABLE 7902.5-F-AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR SOLID-PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKSI (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) STORAGE CONDITIONS CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND Area(sq.ft.) Maximum MINIMUM HOSE Density Spacing STREAM DEMAND gpm/sq.ft. x 0.0929 for m2 (sq.ft.) (gpm) Ordinary MINIMUM DURATION Class Container x 40.75 for High Temp. Temp. SPRINKLERS AND Liquid Size and Arrangement Umin./m2 Sprinklers Sprinklers x 0.0929 for m2 x 3.785 for Umin. HOSE STREAMS(hrs.) 5 gal.(18.9 L)or less,with or without cartons,palletized or solid 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 750 I-A pile2 2 Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 L),on end or side,palletized or solid 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 pile 5 gal.(18.9 L)or less,with or without cartons,palletized or solid 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 1-13,I-C pile2 and II Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 025 5000 8000 100 500 . , , L)on pallets or solid pile,one high 2 Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 11 L)on pallets or solid pile,more than 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 2 one high on end or side I-B,I-C,II portable tanks,one high 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 500 2 11 Portable tanks,two high 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 2 5 gal.(18.9 L)or less,with or III without cartons,palletized or solid 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 1 pile Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 L)on pallets or solid pile,on end or 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 1 sides,up to three high Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 III L),on pallets or solid pile,on end or 0.35 3,000 5,000 100 750 2 sides,up to 18 feet(5486 mm)high Portable tanks,one high 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 1 Portable tanks,two high 0.50 3,000 5,000 80 750 2 1The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems.Where Class I standpipe systems are used,the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. 217or storage heights above 4 feet(1219 mm)or ceiling heights greater than 18 feet(5486 mm),an approved engineering design shall be provided.See Section 103.1.1. TABLE 7902.5-G-AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLID PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON(18.9 L)CAPACITY OR LESS1,2 (See Sections 7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND HOSE Density Area STORAGE DEMAND gpm/sq.ft. (sq.ft.) Orifice Size DURATION (Inch) (feet) (gpm)3 AFFF DURATION SUPPLY WATER PACKAGE CLASS x 40.75 for x 0.0929 Temperature Maximum x 25.4 for x 304.8 x 3.785 for SUPPLY TYPE LIQUID L/(min•m2) for mz Rating Spacing mm for mm Umin. (min.) hours Carloned I-13,I-C,I1 0.40 2,000 286OF 100 sq.ft./hd. 17/32 11 500 15 2 and III (141°C) (9.29 m2/hd.) Uncartoned I-B,I-C,11 0.30 2,000 2860F 100 sq.ft./hd. 1/2 or 17/32 12 500 15 2 and III (141°C) (9.29 m2/hd.) tSystem shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. 2Maximum ceiling height of 30 feet(9144 mm). 3Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch(38.1 mm)inside hand hose,when required. 1-186 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-H TABLE 7902.5-H-AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON(18.9 L)CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSI (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. Density Area(sq.N.) HOSE (205.8 kPa) STREAM gpm/ (standard DEMAND MIN. x 0.0929 for m2 orifice (gpm) DURATION SPRINKLER High Racks over 9 N. 14 psi AND HOSE CLASS x 40.75 for Temp. Ord.Temp. Max. Racks up to 9 N. (27"mm)to 12 N. (96.5 Val Number of Sprinklers x 3.785 STREAM LIQUID L/(min•m2) Sprinklers Sprinklers Spacing (2744 mm)deep (3658 mm)dee (large orifice) Operating for Umin. (hrs.) 1 0.40 3,000 5,000 80 sq. 1.Ord.temp., 1.Ord.temp., 30 psi(206.8 I.Eight sprinklers 750 2 [max.25 ft./hd. quick-response quick-response kPa) if only one level ft.(7620 (7.4 sprinklers,maxi- sprinklers,maxi- [I/2-inch 2.Six sprinklers mm) m2/hd.) mum 8 feet 3 inches mum 8 feet 3 inches (13.5 mm) each on two levels height] (2515 mm)horizon- (2515 mm)horizon- orifice] if only two levels Option I tal spacing tal spacing 3.Six sprinklers 2.One line sprin- 2.One line sprin- each on top 3 lev- klers above each klers above each els,if 3 or more level of storage level of storage levels 3.Locate in longi- 3.Locate in trans- 4.Hydraulically tudinal flue space, verse flue spaces, most remote staggered vertical staggered vertical 4.Shields required and within 20 in. where multilevel (508 mm)of aisle 4.Shields required where multilevel 1 0.55 2,0002 N/A 100 sq. 1.Ord.temp., 1.Ord.temp,quick- 14 psi(96.5 See I through 4 500 2 [max.25 ft./hd. quick-response response sprinklers, kPa) above ft.(7620 (9.29 sprinklers,maxi- maximum 8 feet 3 [17/32-inch mm) m2/hd.) mum 8 feet 3 inches inches(2515 mm) (13.5 mm) height] (2515 mm)horizon- horizontal spacing orifice] Option 2 tal spacing 2.See 2 above 2.See 2 above 3.See 3 above 3.See 3 above 4.See 4 above 4.See 4 above I and 11 0.553 2,0004 N/A 100 sq. N/A None for max. N/A N/A N/A 500 2 [max. ft./hd. 6 ft.(1829 mm) 14-ft. (9.29 deep racks (4267 m2/hd.) mm) storage ht.] (max. three tiers) 11 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 sq. 1.Ord.temp.sprin- 1.Ord.temp.sprin- 30 psi 1.Hydraulically 750 2 [max. ft./hd. klers 8 feet(2438 klers 8 feet(2438 (206.8 kPa) most remote- 25 ft. (9.29 mm)apart horizon- mm)apart horizon- 6 sprinklers at each (7620 m2/hd.) tally tally level,up to max.of mm) 2.One line sprin- 2.Two lines be- three levels height] klers between levels tween levels at at nearest 10-foot nearest 10 foot (3048 mm)vertical (3048 mm)vertical intervals intervals 3.Locate in longi- 3.Locate in trans- tudinal flue space, verse flue spaces, staggered vertical staggered vertical 4.Shields required and within 20 where multilevel inches(508 mm)of aisle 4.Shields required where multilevel Ill 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 sq. Same as for Same as for 30 psi Same as for 500 2 [40 ft. ft./hd. Class 11 liquids Class 11 liquids (206.8 kPa) Class Il liquids (12 192 (11.15 mm) m2/hd.) height] IThe design area contemplates the use of Class 11 standpipe systems.Where Class I standpipe systems are used,the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. 2Using listed or approved extra-large orifices,high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 30-foot(9144 mm)ceiling with minimum 71/2400t(2286 mm)aisles. 317or friction lid cans and other metal containers equipped with plastic nozzles or caps,the density shall be increased to 0.65 gpm per square foot[26.5 L/(min•m2)] I using listed or approved extra-large orifice,high-temperature quick-response sprinklers. 4Using listed or approved extra-large orifice,high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 18-foot(5486 mm)ceiling with minimum 71/2-foot(2286 mm)aisles and metal containers. 1-187 TABLE 7902.5-1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-J TABLE 7902.5-1-AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON(18.9 L)CAPACITY1 (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN.HOSE Densery Area(sq.ft.) STREAM (0pm/ x 0.0929 for mz DEMAND DURATION s .ft.) m) SPRINKLER High Ord. On-side Storage Racks On-end Storage(on AND HOSE CLASS x 40.75 for Temp. Temf. Max. up to 9-fool(2744 mm) pallets)up to 9 foot Min.Nozzle Number of Sprinklers x 3.785 for STREAM LIQUID L/(mtn•mz) Sprinklers Sprink ers Spacing Deep Racks (2744 mm)Deep Racks Pressure Operating L/min. (hrs.) I-A 0.60 3,000 5,000 80 sq. 1.Ord.temp. 1.Ord.temp. 30 psi 1.Hydraulically 1,000 2 [max. ft./hd. sprinklers 8 feet sprinklers 8 feet (206.8 kPa) most remote-6 25 ft. (7.4 (2438 mm)apart (2438 mm)apart sprinklers at each (7620 mz/hd.) horizontally horizontally level mm) 2.One line sprin- 2.One line sprin- height] klers above each klers above each tier of storage tier of storage 3.Locate in longi- 3.Locate in longi- tudinal flue space, tudinal flue space, staggered vertical staggered vertical 4.Shields required 4.Shields required where multilevel where multilevel I-B,I-C 0.60 3,000 5,000 100 sq. 1.See 1 above 1.See I above 30 psi 1.See 1 above 750 2 and 11 ft./hd. 2.One line sprin- 2.See 2 above (206.8 kPa) max. klers eve three [ (9.29 every 3.See 3 above 25 ft. m2/hd.) tiers of storage (7620 4.See 4 above nun) 3.See 3 above height] 4.See 4 above III 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 sq. I.See 1 above 1.See 1 above 15 psi I.See 1 above 500 1 [max. ft./hd. 2.One line sprin- 2.One line sprin- (103.4 kPa) 40 ft. (11.15 klers every sixth klers every third (12 192 m2/hd.) level(maximum) level(maximum) mm) t] 3.See 3 above 3.See 3 above 4.See 4 above 4.See 4 above IThe design assumes the use of Class II standpipe systems.Where a Class I standpipe system is used,the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. TABLE 7902.5-J-AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS1,2 (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMANDa Area(sq.ft.) Minimum Hose Nozzle Stream Density Pressure Demand4 (gpm/sq.ft.) x 0.0929 for m2 (psi) m DURATION DURATION Number of AFFF WATER CLASS x 40.75 for High Temp. Ord.Temp. On-end Storage of Drums x 6.895 Sprinklers x 3.785 SUPPLY SUPPLY LIQUID U(min•m2) Sprinklers Sprinklers on Pallets,up to 25 ft.(7620 mm) for kPa Operating for Umin min. hrs. 1-A,1-13, 0.30 1,500 2,500 1.Ord.temp.-sprinkler up to 10 feet 30 Three 500 15 2 I-C,11 (3048 mm)apart horizontally sprinklers 2.One line sprinklers above each per level level of storage 3.Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertically 4.Shields required for multilevel ISystem shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. 2Except as modified herein,in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with UFC Standard 81-2. 3The height of storage shall not exceed 25 feet(7620 mm). 41-lose stream demand includes II/2-inch(38.1 mm)inside hand hose,when required. 1-188 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-K 7903—7903.2.1.3 TABLE 7902.5-K—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1 GALLON(3.79 L)CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 61/2 FEET(1981 mm), AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE ROW RACK ARRAYI CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND Area(sq.R.) Racks Minimum Hose Minimum Density pill/ 9 to 12 Stream Demand Duration sq.N. x 0.0929 for m2 Feet (gpm) Sprinklers (2743 to Minimum and Hose x 40.75 for High Ord. Maximum Racks up to 9 Feet 3658 Nozzle Number of Sprinklers Stream CLASS LIQUID (Umin•mZ) Temp. Temp. Spacing (2743 mm)Deep mm) Pressure Operating x 3.785 for Um (hours) Maximum 0.60 2,0002 N/A 100 sq. 1.Ord.temp.quick response N/A 30 psi 1.Six sprinklers 500 2 20 ft. ft./hd. sprinklers,max.8 ft.3 in. (206.8 each on two levels (6096 (9.29 (2515 mm)horizontal kPa) 2.Hydraulically mm)stor- m2/hd.) spacing (standard most remote 12 age height 2.One line of sprinklers at the orifice) sprinklers 6 ft.(1829 mm)level and the 111/2 ft.(3505 mm)level of or storage 3.Locate in longitudinal flue 14 psi space,staggered vertical )kPa kPa 4.Shields required where (large multilevel orifice) (This table shall not apply to racks with solid shelves. 2Using extra-large orifice sprinklers under a ceiling 30 feet(9144 mm)or less in height.Minimum aisle width is 71/2 feet(2286 mm). SECTION 7903—DISPENSING, USE, MIXING AND 1. From safety cans, HANDLING 2. Through an approved closed piping system, 7903.1 General. 3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suc- t 7903.1.1 Applicability. Dispensing, use, mixing and handling ion through an opening in the top of the container or tank, of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with 4. For Class I-B,I-C,II or III liquids,from containers or tanks Sections 7901 and 7903. See Section 7904 for tank vehicle and by gravity through an approved self-or automatic-closing valve tank car loading and unloading and other special operations. when the container or tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and secondary containment (see Section ' EXCEPTION:Containers organic coatings having no fire point 7901.8). Class I-A liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from when tested in accordance withh nationally recognized standards(see tanks,or Section 9003,Standard a.4.5)when opened for pigmentation need not comply with Section 7903. 5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems. 7903.1.2 Sale of Class I or II liquids for domestic clean- 7903.1.4 Container-tilling facilities for Class I liquids. ing. Class I and II liquids with a flash point of 110°F(43.3°C)or 7903.1.4.1 Manual operations. Class I liquids shall not be run less shall not be sold or offered for sale for the express purpose of domestic cleaning. into containers unless the nozzle and containers are electrically interconnected.Acceptable methods of electrical interconnection 7903.1.3 Liquid transfer. include: 7903.1.3.1 General. Liquid transfer equipment and methods for 1. Metallic floor plates on which containers stand while filling, transfer of Class I, II and ITI-A liquids shall be approved and in when such floor plates are electrically connected to the fill stem, accordance with Section 7903.1.3. or 7903.1.3.2 Pumps. Positive displacement pumps shall be pro- 2. Where the fill stem is bonded to the container during filling by means of a bond wire. vided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank,pump suc- tion or other suitable location,or shall be provided with interlocks 7903.1.4.2 Automatic operations. Container-filling operations to prevent overpressure. for Class I liquids involving conveyor belts or other automatic- feeding operations shall be adequately designed to prevent static 7903.1.3.3 Pressured systems. When gases are introduced to accumulations. provide for liquid transfer by pressure, only inert gases shall be used,and controls,including pressure-relief devices,shall be pro- 7903.2 Use,Dispensing and Mixing Inside of Buildings. vided to limit the pressure so that it cannot exceed the maximum 7903.2.1 General. working pressure of tanks,containers and piping systems.When devices operating through pressure within a tank or container are 7903.2.1.1 Applicability. Indoor use,dispensing and mixing of used,the tank or container shall be a pressure vessel approved for flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with the intended use.Air or oxygen shall not be used for pressuriza- tion. 7903.2.1.2 Closure of mixing or blending vessels. Vessels used 7903.1.3.4 Piping,hoses and valves. Piping, hoses and valves for mixing or blending of Class I liquids shall be provided with used in liquid transfer operations shall be approved or listed for the self-closing, tightfitting, noncombustible lids that will control a intended use. fire within such vessel. EXCEPTION: Where such devices are impractical, approved 7903.1.3.5 Class I and II liquids. Class I and II liquids shall be automatic or manually controlled fire-extinguishing devices shall be transferred by one of the following methods: provided. EXCEPTION: Liquids in containers not exceeding 5.3-gallon 7903.2.1.3 Bonding of vessels. Where differences of potential (20 L)capacity. could be created,vessels containing Class I liquids or liquids han- 1-189 7903.2.1.3 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7903.2.2.3.1 dled at or above their flash points shall be electrically connected purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quanti- by bond wires,ground cables,piping or similar means to a static ties set forth in Table 7903.2-B. grounding system to maintain equipment at the same electrical po- Quantities in offices,classrooms or laboratories within Group F tential to prevent sparking. Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstra- 7903.2.1.4 Heating, lighting and cooking appliances. Heat- tion or laboratory work and shall not exceed quantities set forth in ing,lighting and cooking appliances which utilize Class I liquids Table 7903.2-B. shall not be operated within a building or structure. 5. Group I Occupancies: EXCEPTION:Operation in single-family dwellings. Quantities in Group I Occupancies shall not exceed amounts 7903.2.1.5 Location of processing vessels. Processing vessels necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- shall be located with respect to distances to lines of adjoin- nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed ing property which can be built on in accordance with quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. Table 7903.2-A. 6. Group M Occupancies: EXCEPTION:When the exterior wall facing the adjoining prop- Quantities in dining, office and school uses within Group M erty line is a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of not less than Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for maintenance four hours,the chief is authorized to modify the distances.The distance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quanti- shall not be less than that set forth in the Building Code,and when Class ties set forth in Table 7903.2-B. I-A or unstable liquids are involved,explosion control shall be pro- vided in accordance with Section 8003.1.7. Quantities in offices or classrooms within Group M Occu- pancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration or 7903.2.1.6 Quantity limits for use. laboratory work and shall not exceed quantities set forth in 7903.2.1.6.1 Exempt amounts for control areas. Indoor use, Table 7903.2-B. dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids 7. Group R Occupancies: shall not exceed the exempt amounts set forth in Table 7903.2-13 Quantities in Group R Occupancies shall not exceed amounts and shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in Sec- necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment tion 7903.2.1.6.2. and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. EXCEPTION:Cleaning with Class I,II or III-A liquids shall be in 8. Group S Occupancies: accordance with Section 7903.2.2. See Article 51 for use of hazardous production material flam- Quantities in dining and office uses within Group S Occupan- cies shall not exceed amounts necessary for maintenance purposes mable and combustible liquids in Group H,Division 6 Occupan- and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set cies. forth in Table 7903.2-B. 7903.2.1.6.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits Quantities in offices within Group S Occupancies shall not for quantities of flammable or combustible liquids used, dis- exceed amounts necessary for demonstration or laboratory work pensed or mixed based on occupancy classification shall not be and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. exceeded. 7903.2.1.6.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control EXCEPTION:Cleaning with Class I,II or III-A liquids shall be in areas. Quantities exceeding quantities allowed in control areas accordance with Section 7903.2.2. set forth in Sections 7903.2.1.6.1 and 7903.2.1.6.2 shall be in 1. Group A Occupancies: accordance with the following: Quantities in Group A Occupancies shall not exceed amounts 1. For open systems, indoor use, dispensing and mixing of necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment flammable and combustible liquids shall be within a room or and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. building complying with the Building Code and Sections Quantities in Group A Occupancies used as classrooms or labo- 7903.2.3.1 through 7903.2.3.4. ratories shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration, 2. For closed systems, indoor use, dispensing and mixing of treatment or laboratory work and shall not exceed quantities set flammable and combustible liquids shall be within a room or forth in Table 7903.2-B. building complying with the Building Code and Sections 2. Group B Occupancies: 7903.2.3.1 through 7903.2.3.3 and 7903.2.3.5. Quantities in drinking, dining, office and school uses within 7903.2.2 Cleaning with flammable and combustible liquids. Group B Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for 7903.2.2.1 General. Cleaning with Class I,II and III-A liquids maintenance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not shall be in accordance with Section 7903.2.2. exceed quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. EXCEPTIONS:1.For dry cleaning,see Article 36. Quantities in offices,classrooms or laboratories within Group B 2.For spray nozzle cleaning,see Article 45. Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstra- 7903.2.2.2 Cleaning operations. Class I-A liquids shall not be tion,treatment or laboratory work and shall not exceed quantities used for cleaning.Cleaning with Class I-B,I-C,II,or III-A liquids set forth in Table 7903.2-B. shall be conducted: 3. Group E Occupancies: 1. In a room or building complying with Section 7903.2.3, Quantities in Group E Occupancies shall not exceed amounts 2• In a machine listed and approved for the purpose as set forth necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- in Section 7903.2.2.3,or nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed 3. Using methods set forth in Section 7903.2.2.4. quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. 7903.2.2.3 Listed and approved machines. 4. Group F Occupancies: 7903.2.2.3.1 General. Parts cleaning and degreasing conducted Quantities in dining, office and school uses within Group F in listed and approved machines in accordance with Section Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for maintenance 7903.2.2.2 shall be in accordance with Section 7903.2.2.3. 1-190 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7903.2.2.3.2 7903.3.1 7903.2.2.3.2 Solvents. Solvents shall be classified and shall be Occupancies shall be protected by an approved automatic fire- compatible with the machines within which they are used. extinguishing system in accordance with the Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1).See also Section 1003.2.6. 7903.2.2.3.3 Machine capacities. The quantity of solvent used in a machine shall not exceed the design capacity of the machine. 7903.2.3.3 Doors. Interior doors to rooms or portions of such buildings shall be self-closing and fire resistive in accordance 7903,2.2.3.4 Quantity limits. Quantities shall be limited as fol- with the Building Code. lows: 1. Machines without remote solvent reservoirs shall be limited 7903.2.3.4 Open systems. to quantities set forth in Section 7903.2.1.6. 7903.2.3.4.1 General. Use, dispensing and mixing of flam- 2. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class I liq- mable and combustible liquids in open systems.shall be in accord- uids shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 7903.2.1.6. ance with Section 7903.2.3.4. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class II liquids 7903.2.3.4.2 Ventilation. Continuous mechanical ventilation shall be limited to 35 gallons (132.5 L) per machine. The total shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute quantities shall not exceed an aggregate of 240 gallons(908.4 L) per square foot(5.1 L/s per m'-)of floor area over the design area. per control area in buildings not protected by an approved auto- Provisions shall be made for introduction of makeup air in such a matic sprinkler system and an aggregate of 480 gallons(1817 L) manner to include all floor areas or pits where vapors can collect. per control area in buildings protected by an approved automatic Local or spot ventilation shall be provided when needed to prevent sprinkler system. the accumulation of hazardous vapors. For ventilation system Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class III-A liq- design,see the Building and Mechanical Codes. uids shall be limited to 80 gallons(302.8 L)per machine. EXCEPTION:Where natural ventilation can be shown to be effec- tive for the materials used,dispensed or mixed. 7903.2.2.3.5 Immersion soaking of parts. Work areas of 7903.2.3.4.3 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro- machines with remote solvent reservoirs shall not be used for vided for Class I liquids or where explosive vapor-air mixtures can immersion soaking of parts. develop under normal operating conditions. Explosion control 7903.2.2.3.6 Separation. Multiple machines shall be separated shall be designed in accordance with the Building Code. from each other by a distance of not less than 30 feet(9144 mm)or 7903.2.3.4.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Spill by a one-hour occupancy separation. control shall be provided in accordance with Section 7901.8 when 7903.2.2.3.7 Ventilation. Machines shall be located in areas flammable or combustible liquids are dispensed into containers adequately ventilated to prevent accumulation of vapors. exceeding 1.1-gallon(4 L)capacity or mixed or used in open con- tainers or systems exceeding 5.3-gallon(20 L)capacity.Spill con- 7903.2.2.3.8 Installation. Machines shall be installed in ac- trol and secondary containment shall be provided in accordance cordance with their listings. with Section 7901.8 when the capacity of an individual container 7903.2.2.4 Cleaning operations conducted outside of listed exceeds 55 gallons(208 L)or the aggregate capacity of multiple containers or tanks exceeds 100 gallons(378.5 L). and approved machines or designated rooms or buildings. The amount of Class I-B,I-C,II or III-A liquids in use outside of 7903.2.3.5 Closed systems. listed and approved machines or a room or building complying with Section 7903.2.3 shall not exceed that necessary to facilitate 7903.2.3.5.1 General. Use or mixing of flammable or com- maintenance cleaning operations. Quantities in use shall not bustible liquids in closed systems shall be in accordance with Sec- exceed 5 gallons(18.9 L)of Class I-B or I-C liquids or 25 gallons tion 7903.2.3.5. (94.6 L)of Class II or III-A liquids. 7903.2.3.5.2 Ventilation. Closed systems designed to be 7903.2.3 Construction of rooms or buildings for use,dispens- opened as part of normal operations shall be provided with ven- ing and mixing of liquids in quantities exceeding exempt tilation in accordance with Section 7903.2.3.4.2. amounts. , 7903.2.3.5.3 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro- 7903.2.3.1 General. When required by Section 7903.2.1.6.3 or vided when an explosive environment can occur as a result of the 7903.2.2.2,rooms or buildings used for use,dispensing and mix- dispensing, mixing or use process. Explosion control shall be ing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance designed in accordance with the Building Code. with Section 7903.2.3. EXCEPTION:When process vessels are designed to fully contain the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process 7903.2.3.2 Construction,location and fire protection. conditions considering the most likely failure. 7903.2.3.2.1 General. Rooms or buildings which are classified 7903.2.3.5.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Spill in accordance with the Building Code as Group H,Division 2 or 3 control shall be provided in accordance with Section 7901.8 when Occupancies based on use,dispensing or mixing of flammable or flammable or combustible liquids are dispensed into or used or combustible liquids shall be constructed in accordance with the mixed in containers exceeding 55-gallon(208 L)capacity. Spill Building Code. control and secondary containment shall be provided in accord- ance with Section 7901.8 when the aggregate capacity of multiple 7903.2.3.2.2 Basements. Rooms or buildings classified in ac- containers or tanks exceeds 1,000 gallons(3785 L). cordance with the Building Code as Group H,Division 2 or 3 Oc- cupancies based on use, dispensing or mixing of flammable or 7903.3 Use, Dispensing, Mixing and Handling Outside of combustible liquids shall not be in basements. Buildings. 7903.2.3.2.3 Fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in 7903.3.1 General. Outside dispensing operations shall be in accordance with the Building Code as Group H,Division 2 or 3 accordance with Section 7903.3. 1-191 7903.3.1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7903.4.7.2 Dispensing of liquids into motor vehicle fuel tanks at motor mixing requirements of Section 7903 and other applicable provi- vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accordance with sions in Article 79. Article 52. Classes I,II and III-A liquids also classified as unstable(reac- 7903.3.2 Spill control and secondary containment. Outside tive)shall not be processed in solvent-distillation units. dispensing areas shall be provided with spill control and secon- EXCEPTION: Appliances listed for the distillation of unstable dary containment as set forth in Section 7901.8. (reactive)solvents. 7903.3.3 Location on property. Dispensing activities which 7903.4.2 Labeling. A permanent label shall be affixed to the exceed the amounts set forth in Table 7903.3-A shall not be con- unit by the manufacturer.The label shall indicate the capacity of ducted within 15 feet (4572 mm) of buildings or combustible the distillation chamber,the distance the unit shall be placed away materials or within 25 feet(7620 mm)of building openings,prop- from sources of ignition and the products for which the unit has erty lines, streets, alleys or public ways. Dispensing activities been listed for use.The label may refer to the instruction manual which exceed the amounts set forth in Table 7903.3-A shall not be for a list of the products. conducted within 15 feet(4572 mm)of storage of Class I,II or III 7903.4.3 Manufacturer's instruction manual. An instruction liquids unless such liquids are stored in tanks which are tested and manual shall be provided.The manual shall be readily available labeled as two-hour protected tank assemblies in accordance with for the user and the chief.The manual shall include installation, nationally recognized standards.See UFC Standard 79-7. use and servicing instructions. It shall identify the liquids for 7903.3.4 Location of processing vessels. Processing vessels which the unit has been listed for distillation purposes along with shall be located with respect to distances to lines of adjoin- each liquid's flash point and auto-ignition temperature.For units ing property which can be built on in accordance with with adjustable controls,the manual shall include directions for Table 7903.2-A. setting the heater temperature for each liquid to be distilled. EXCEPTION:In refineries and distilleries. 7903.4.4 Location. Solvent distillation units shall be used in 7903.4 Solvent Distillation Units. locations in accordance with the listing.Units shall not be used in basements. 7903.4.1 General. Solvent distillation units used to recycle Class I,II or III-A liquids having a distillation chamber capacity of 7903.4.5 Storage of liquids. Distilled liquids and liquids await- 60 gallons(227.1 L)or less shall be listed,labeled and installed in ing distillation shall be stored in accordance with Section 7902. accordance with Section 7903.4 and nationally recognized stand- 7903.4.6 Storage of residues. Hazardous residue from the ards. See Article 90,Standard u.1.17. distillation process shall be stored in accordance with Articles 79 EXCEPTIONS:1.Solvent distillation units installed in dry-clean- and 80. ing plants in accordance with Section 3603. 2. Solvent distillation units used in continuous throughput industri- 7903.4.7 Portable fire extinguishers. al processes where the source of heat is remotely supplied using steam, 7903.4.7.1 Type. Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be hot water,oil or other heat-transfer fluids,the temperature of which is below the auto-ignition point of the solvent(s). provided in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1,except as speci- 3. Solvent distillation units listed for and used in laboratories. fled in Section 7903.4.7.2. 4. Approved research,testing and experimental processes. 7903.4.7.2 Size and location. At least one portable fire extin- Solvent-distillation units used to recycle Class I,II or III-A liq- guisher having a rating of not less than 40-B shall be located not uids,having a distillation chamber capacity exceeding 60 gallons less than 10 feet(3048 mm)or more than 30 feet(9144 mm)from (227.1 L)shall be used in locations that comply with the use and any solvent distillation unit. 1-192 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 7903.2-A TABLE 7903.3-A TABLE 7903.2-A—SEPARATION OF PROCESSING VESSELS FROM PROPERTY LINES (See Sections 7903.2.1.5 and 7903.3.4) PROCESSING VESSELS WITH EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING TO ALLOW PRESSURE LOCATION1 x 6.895 for kPa Stable Liquids Unstable Liquids Not in excess of 2.5 psig Table 7902.2-F 21/2 times Table 7902.2-F Over 2.5 psig 11/2 times Table 7902.2-F 4 times Table 7902.2-F tDouble distances where protection of exposure is not provided. TABLE 7903.2-B—EXEMPT AMOUNTS FOR USE,DISPENSING AND MIXING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS— MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA1,2 (See Section 7903.2.1.6) QUANTITY(gallons) x 3.785 for L CLASS OF LIQUID Use--Closed3.4,5 Use—Open,Dispensing and Mixing3,4,5 Flammable Class I-A 30 10 Class I-B 60 15 Class I-C 90 20 Combination Class I-A,I-B and I-C 1206 306 Combustible Class I1 120 30 Class I11-A 330 80 Class III-B 13,2007 3,3007 tControl areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2Special conditions may be imposed by the chief regarding locations,types of containers,dispensing units,fire-control measures and other factors involving fire safety. 3Quantities are allowed to be increased 100 percent in buildings protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. 4The use of Class I,11 and III-A liquids for cleaning,including the allowance of increased quantities in listed and approved remote reservoir parts-cleaning machines, shall be in accordance with Section 7903.2.2. 5The amounts in use shall be considered as contributing to the exempt amounts for storage in accordance with Section 7902.5.7. 6Containing not more than the exempt amounts of each individual class. 7The quantities allowed in a sprinklered building are not limited. TABLE 7903.3-A—EXEMPT AMOUNTS FOR DISPENSING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS—MAXIMUM QUANTITIES ALLOWED IN OUTDOOR AREA PER SINGLE PROPERTY UNDER SAME OWNERSHIP OR CONTROL1,2 (See Section 7903.3.3) QUANTITY(gallons) CLASS OF LIQUID x 3.785 for L Flammable Class I-A 10 Class I-B 15 Class I-C 20 Combination Class I-A,1-13 and I-C 303 Combustible Class 11 30 Class III-A 80 Class III-B 3,300 IFor definition of OUTDOOR AREA,see Section 7901.2.2. 2Special conditions may be imposed by the chief regarding locations,types of containers,dispensing units,fire-control mea- sures and other factors involving fire safety. 3Containing not more than the exempt amounts of each individual class. 1-193 7904 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 7904.2.8.1 SECTION 7904—SPECIAL OPERATIONS prevents localized overheating or flame impingement on any part 7904.1 General. The following special operations shall be in of the tank in the event vapors from such vents are ignited. accordance with Sections 7901,7902 and 7903 except as provided 7904.2.5.4 Location. in Section 7904. 7904.2.5.4.1 General. Tanks containing Class I or II liquids 1. Storage and dispensing of flammable and combustible liq- shall be kept outside of and at least 50 feet (15 240 mm) from uids on farms and construction sites. buildings and combustible storage. Additional distance shall be 2. Well drilling and operating. provided when necessary to ensure that vehicles,equipment and containers being filled directly from such tanks will not be less 3. Bulk plants or terminals. than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from structures,haystacks or other com- 4. Loading and unloading of tank vehicles and tank cars. bustible storage. 5. Tank vehicles and tank vehicle operation. 7904.2.5.4.2 Locations where aboveground tanks are prohib- 6. Refineries. ited. The storage of Class I and II liquids in aboveground tanks is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of dis- 7904.2 Storage and Dispensing of Flammable and Combus- tricts in which such storage is prohibited. (See sample adoption tible Liquids on Farms and Construction Sites. ordinance, Section 4.) 7904.2.1 General. Permanent and temporary storage and dis- 7904.2.5.5 Type of tank. pensing of Class I and II liquids for private use on farms and rural 7904.2.5.5.1 General. Tanks shall be provided with top open- areas and at construction sites,earth-moving projects,gravel pits ings only or shall be elevated for gravity discharge. or borrow pits shall be in accordance with Section 7904.2. EXCEPTION: Storage and use of fuel-oil and containers con- 7904.2.5.5.2 Tanks with top openings only. Tanks with top nected with oil-burning equipment regulated by Article 61 and the openings only shall be mounted as follows: Mechanical Code. 1. On well-constructed metal legs connected to shoes or run- 7904.2.2 Combustibles and open flames near tanks. Storage ners designed so that the tank is stabilized and the entire tank and areas shall be kept free of weeds and extraneous combustible its supports can be moved as a unit,or material. Open flames and smoking are prohibited in flammable 2. For stationary tanks, on a stable base of timbers or blocks or combustible liquid storage areas. approximately 6 inches(152.4 mm)in height which prevents the 7904.2.3 Marking of tanks and containers. Tanks and contain- tank from contacting the ground. ers for the storage of liquids aboveground shall be conspicuously Tanks with top openings only shall be equipped with a tightly marked with the name of the product which they contain and and permanently attached, approved pumping device having an FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIRE AND FLAME AWAY.Tanks shall approved hose of sufficient length for filling vehicles,equipment bear the additional marking KEEP 50 FEET (15.2 METERS) or containers to be served from the tank. Either the pump or the FROM BUILDINGS. hose shall be equipped with a padlock to its hanger to prevent tam- pering.An effective antisiphoning device shall be included in the 7904.2.4 Containers for storage and use. Metal containers pump discharge unless a self-closing nozzle is provided.Siphons used for storage of Class I or II liquids shall be in accordance with or internal pressure discharge devices shall not be used. DOT requirements or shall be of an approved design. Discharge devices shall be of a type that does not develop an 7904.2.5.5.3 Tanks for gravity discharge. Tanks with a con- nection in the bottom or the end for gravity dispensing liquids internal pressure on the container.Pumping devices or approved shall be mounted and equipped as follows: self-closing faucets used for dispensing liquids shall not leak and shall be well maintained.Individual containers shall not be inter- 1. Supports to elevate the tank for gravity discharge shall be of connected and shall be kept closed when not in use. adequate strength and designed to provide stability,and Containers stored outside and inside of buildings shall be in 2• Bottom or end openings for gravity discharge shall be accordance with Section 7902 and the Building Code. equipped with a valve located adjacent to the tank shell which will close automatically in the event of fire through the operation of an 7904.2.5 Permanent and temporary tanks for storage and effective heat-actuated releasing device. If this valve cannot be use. operated manually,it shall be supplemented by a second manually 7904.2.5.1 General. The capacity of permanent aboveground operated valve. The gravity discharge outlet shall be provided tanks containing Class I or II liquids shall not exceed 1,100 gallons with an approved hose equipped with a self-closing valve at the (4163.9 L). The capacity of temporary aboveground tanks con- discharge end of a type that can be padlocked to its hanger. taining Class I or II liquids shall not exceed 10,000 gallons 7904.2.6 Spill control, drainage control and diking. Indoor (37 854 L). Tanks shall be of single-compartment design, storage and dispensing areas shall be provided with spill control constructed in accordance with Section 7902.1.8.2. and drainage control as set forth in Section 7901.8.Outdoor stor- age areas shall be provided with drainage control or diking as set 7904.2.5.2 Fill opening security. Fill openings shall be forth in Section 7902.2.8. equipped with a locking closure device.Fill openings shall be sep- arate from vent openings. 7904.2.7 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguish- ers with a minimum rating of 20-B:C shall be provided when 7904.2.5.3 Vents. Tanks shall be provided with a method of nor- required by the chief. mal and emergency venting.The diameter of normal vents shall be in accordance with Table 7904.2-A.Normal vents shall also be in 7904.2.8 Dispensing from tank vehicles. accordance with Section 7902.1.11. 7904.2.8.1 General. When approved,liquids used as fuels may Emergency vents shall be in accordance with Section 7902.2.6. be transferred from tank vehicles into the tanks of motor vehicles Emergency vents shall be arranged to discharge in a manner which or special equipment,provided: 1-194 1,998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.2.8.1 7904.4.3.1 1. The tank vehicle's specific function is that of supplying fuel tanks,or other appurtenances to such wells shall be kept free of dry to motor vehicle fuel tanks, weeds,grass,rubbish or other combustible material at all times. 2. The dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet(15 240 mm)in When,in the opinion of the chief,the distance is not sufficient to length, provide reasonable fire safety,a greater distance may be required, not to exceed the height of a derrick or greatest dimension of a 3. The dispensing nozzle is an approved type, tank. 4. The dispensing hose is properly placed on the approved reel 7904.3.4 Sumps. or in a compartment provided before the tank vehicle is moved, 7904.3.4.1 Maximum width. Sumps or other basins for the 5. Signs prohibiting smoking or open flame within 25 feet retention of oil or petroleum products shall not exceed 12 feet (7620 mm)of a tank vehicle or the point of refueling are promi- (3658 mm)in width. nently posted on the tank vehicle, 7904.3.4.2 Backfilling. Sumps or other basins for the retention 6. Electrical devices and wiring in areas where fuel dispensing of oil or petroleum products larger than 6 feet by 6 feet by 6 feet is conducted are in accordance with the Electrical Code, (1829 mm by 1829 mm by 1829 mm) shall not be maintained 7. Vapor-recovery systems are provided in accordance with longer than 60 days after the cessation of drilling operations. Section 5202.13, 7904.3.4.3 Security. Sumps,diversion ditches and depressions 8. Tank vehicle dispensing equipment is operated only by des- used as sumps shall be securely fenced or covered. ignated personnel who are trained to handle and dispense motor 7904.3.5 Prevention of blowouts. Adequate protection shall be fuels,and provided to control and prevent the blowout of a well.Protection 9. Provisions are made for controlling and mitigating unautho- equipment shall meet federal,state and other applicable jurisdic- rized discharges. tion requirements. 7904.2.8.2 Location. Dispensing from tank vehicles shall be 7904.3.6 Storage tanks. Storage of flammable or combustible conducted at least 50 feet(15 240 mm)from structures or combus- liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7902.Each oil tible storage. storage tank or group of tanks shall have posted in a conspicuous place on or near such tank or tanks an approved sign with the name 7904.3 Well Drilling and Operating. of the owner or operator,name or number of lease and the tele- phone number where a responsible person can be reached at any 7904.3.1 General. Wells for oil and natural gas shall be drilled time. and operated in accordance with Section 7904.3. 7904.3.7 Soundproofing. Where soundproofing material is 7904.3.2 Location. required during field operations,such material'shall be noncom- 7904.3.2.1 Storage tanks and sources of ignition. Well heads bustible. shall not be located within 25 feet(7620 mm)of storage tanks or EXCEPTION: Fire-retardant treated material may be used and boilers,fired heaters,open-flame devices or other sources of igni- maintained when approved. tion. Smoking is prohibited at wells or tank locations except as 7904.3.8 Signs. Well locations shall have posted in a conspicu- designated and in approved posted areas. ous place an approved sign with the name of the owner or operator, EXCEPTION:Engines used in the drilling,production and serving name or number of the lease,and number of the well.Such signs of wells. shall be maintained on the premises from the time materials are delivered for drilling purposes until the well is abandoned. 7904.3.2.2 Streets and railways. Wells shall not be drilled within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of any dedicated public street,high 7904.3.9 Field loading racks. Field loading racks shall be in way or nearest rail of an operating railway. accordance with Section 7904.5. 7904.3.2.3 Buildings. Wells shall not be drilled within 100 feet 7904.4 Bulk Plants or Terminals. (30 480 mm) of buildings not necessary to the operation of the 7904.4.1 General. Portions of properties where flammable and well. combustible liquids are received by tank vessels,pipelines,tank Wells shall not be drilled within 300 feet(91 440 mm)of build- cars or tank vehicles and are stored or blended in bulk for the pur- ings used as a place of assembly,institution or school. pose of distributing such liquids by tank vessels,pipelines,tank cars,tank vehicles or containers shall be in accordance with Sec- When wells are existing, buildings shall not be constructed tion 7904.4. within the distances set forth in Section 7904.3 for separation of 7904.4.2 Buildings. wells and buildings. 7904.4.2.1 Construction. Buildings shall be constructed in 7904.3.3 Waste Control. accordance with the Building Code. 7904.3.3.1 Discharge on a street or water channel. Liquids 7904.4.2.2 Means of egress. Rooms in which liquids are stored, containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be discharged used or transferred by pumps shall have means of egress arranged into or on streets, highways, drainage canals or ditches, storm to prevent occupants from being trapped in the event of fire. drains,or flood-control channels. 7904.4.2.3 Heating. Rooms in which Class I liquids are stored 7904.3.3.2 Discharge and combustible materials on or used shall be heated only by means not constituting a source of ground. The surface of the ground under,around or near wells, ignition, such as steam or hot water. Rooms containing heating pumps,boilers,oil storage tanks or buildings shall be kept free of appliances involving sources of ignition shall be located and oil,waste oil,refuse or waste material. arranged to prevent entry of flammable vapors. EXCEPTION:Material within an oil sump or tank. 7904.4.3 Ventilation. 7904.3.3.3 Clearing around wells and tanks. Land within 7904.4.3.1 General. Ventilation shall be provided for rooms, 25 feet (7620 mm) of wells, flammable.or combustible liquid buildings and enclosures in which Class I liquids are pumped, 1-195 7904.4.3.1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.4.7 used or transferred.Design of ventilation systems shall consider devices shall be tested at not more than yearly intervals to deter- the relatively high specific gravity of the vapors. When natural mine that they function satisfactorily at the pressure at which they ventilation is used, adequate openings in outside walls at floor are set. level, unobstructed except by louvers or coarse screens,shall be Pressure hoses and couplings shall be inspected at intervals provided. Where natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical appropriate to the service.With the hose extended,hose and cou- ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the Mechanical plings shall be tested using in-service maximum operating pres- Code. sures.Hoses showing material deteriorations,signs of leakage,or 7904.4.3.2 Basements and pits. Class I liquids shall not be weakness in its carcass or at the couplings shall be withdrawn stored or used within a building having a basement or pit into from service and repaired or discarded. which flammable vapors can travel,unless such area is provided 7904.4.6.5 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping, valves and fit- with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flam- tings shall be in accordance with Section 7901.11,except as fol- lows: 7904.4.3.3 Dispensing of Class I liquids. Containers of Class I 1. Flexibility of piping shall be assured by appropriate layout liquids shall not be drawn from or filled within buildings unless a and arrangement of piping supports so that motion of the wharf provision is made to prevent the accumulation of flammable structure resulting from wave action,currents,tides or the moor- vapors in hazardous concentrations. Where mechanical ventila- ing of vessels will not subject the pipe to repeated strain above the tion is required, it shall be kept in operation while flammable elastic limit. vapors could be present. 2. Pipe joints depending on the friction characteristics of com- 7904.4.4 Storage. Storage of Class I,II and III-A liquids in bulk bustible materials or grooving of pipe ends for mechanical conti- plants shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of nuity of piping shall not be used. Article 79. 3. Swivel joints are allowed in piping to which hoses are con- 7904.4.5 Overfill protection of Class I liquids. Manual and nected and for articulated swivel joint transfer systems. Swivel automatic systems shall be provided to prevent overfill during the joints shall be designed such that the mechanical strength of the transfer of Class I liquids from mainline pipelines and marine ves- joint will not be impaired if the packing material were to fail. sels in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See 4. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to Article 90,Standard a.3.20. operate the system properly and to control the flow of liquid in 7904.4.E Wharves. normal operation and in the event of physical damage. 5. In addition to the requirements of Item 4,each line convey- ing General. Wharves, including piers, bulkheads and ing Class I and II liquids leading to a wharf shall be provided with a other structures over or contiguous to navigable water having a readily accessible block valve located on shore near the approach primary function of transferring liquid cargo in bulk between to the wharf and outside of any diked area.Where more than one shore installations and tank vessels,ships,barges,lighter boats or line is involved,the valves shall be grouped in one location. other mobile floating craft, shall be in accordance with Sec- 6. Means of easy access shall be provided for cargo line valves Sec- tion 7904.4.6. Y P g located below the wharf deck. EXCEPTION:Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations.See Section 5202.11. 7. Piping on wharves shall be adequately bonded and grounded 7904.4.6.2 Transferring times. Package cargo of liquids, if Class I and II liquids are transported.If excessive stray currents including full and empty drums,bulk fuel and stores,shall only be are encountered,insulating joints shall be installed.Bonding and grounding connections on all piping shall be located on the wharf transported over a wharf during cargo transfer at such times and places as agreed on by the wharf superintendent and the senior side of hose riser insulating flanges,if used,and shall be accessi- deck officer on duty. for inspection. 8. Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe connections used for 7904.4.6.3 Transferring locations. Wharves at which liquid cargo transfer shall be capable of accommodating the combined cargoes are to be transferred in bulk quantities to or from tank ves- effects of change in draft and maximum tidal range,and mooring sels shall be at least 100 feet(30 480 mm)from bridges over a nav- lines shall be kept adjusted to prevent surge of the vessel from igable waterway, or from an entrance to or superstructure of placing stress on the cargo transfer system. vehicular or railroad tunnels under a waterway.The termination of 9. Hoses shall be supported to avoid kinking and damage from fixed piping used for loading or unloading at a wharf shall be at chafing. least 200 feet(60 960 mm)from bridges or from entrances to or superstructures of tunnels. 7904.4.6.6 Loading and unloading. Loading or discharging 7904.4.6.4 Cargo vessels and transfer equipment. Substruc- shall not commence until the wharf superintendent and officer in ture and decking shall be substantially designed for the use charge of the tank vessel agree that the tank vessel is properly intended. Decking shall be constructed of materials which will moored and connections are properly made. afford the desired combination of flexibility,resistance to shock, 7904.4.6.7 Mechanical work. Mechanical work shall not be durability,strength and fire resistance.Heavy timber construction performed on the wharf during cargo transfer,except under spe- is acceptable. cial authorization by the chief based on a review of the area Installation of tanks used exclusively for ballast water or Class involved,methods to be employed and precautions necessary. II or III liquids on suitably designed wharves is allowed. 7904.4.7 Sources of ignition. Class I,II or III-A liquids shall not Loading pumps capable of building up pressures in excess of be used,drawn or dispensed where flammable vapors can reach a the safe working pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall be source of ignition. Smoking is prohibited except in designated provided with bypasses, relief valves or other arrangements to locations. NO SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously posted protect the loading facilities against excessive pressure. Relief where a hazard from flammable vapors is normally present. 1-196 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.4.8 7904.5.2.8 7904.4.8 Spill control and secondary containment.Loading loaded into vehicles which could contain vapors from previous and unloading areas shall be provided with spill control and secon- cargoes of Class I liquids. dary containment in accordance with Section 7901.8. Protection shall consist of a metallic bond wire permanently 79k4.9 Fire protection. electrically connected to the fill stem or to some part of the rack structure in electrical contact with the fill stem.The fill stem pipe 7904.4.9.1 General. Fire protection shall be in accordance with assembly shall form a'continuous electrically conductive path Articles 9 and 10 and Section.7904.4.9. downstream from the point of bonding.The free end of such bond 7904.4.9.12 Portable fire extinguishers. Suitable portable fire Fire shall be provided with a clamp or equivalent device,for con- extinguishers with a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located venient attachment to some metallic part in electrical contact with within 75 feet(22.860 mm)of those portions of the facility where the cargo tank of the tank vehicle. Protection shall consist of a fires are likely to occur,such as hose connections,pumps and sep- flexible bond wire of adequate strength for the intended service arator tanks. and the electrical resistance shall not exceed 1 megohm. 7904.4.9.3 Fire hoses. Where piped water is available, ready- Such bonding connection shall be fastened to the vehicle or tank connected fire hose in a size appropriate for the water supply shall before dome covers are raised and shall remain in place until ll- ing is completed and all dome covers have been closed and and be provided so that manifolds where connections are made and secured. broken can be reached by at least one hose stream. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where vehicles are loaded exclusively with 7904.4.9.4 Obstruction of equipment. Material shall not be products not having a static-accumulating tendency,such as asphalts, placed on wharves in such a manner which would obstruct access cutback asphalts,most crude oils,residual oils and water-soluble liq- to firefighting equipment or important pipeline control valves. uids. 2.When Class I liquids are not handled at the loading facility and 7904.4.9.5 Fire apparatus access. Where the wharf is accessi- the tank vehicles loaded are used exclusively for Class II and III liq- .ble to vehicle traffic,an unobstructed roadway to the shore end of uids. the wharf shall be maintained for access of firefighting apparatus. 3.Where vehicles are loaded or unloaded through closed top or boi- See Section 902. tom connections whether the hose or,pipe is conductive or nonconduc- tive. 7904.5 Loading and Unloading of Tank Vehicles and Tank Filling through open domes into the tankss of tank vehicles that Cars. contain vapor-air mixtures within the flammable range,or where 7904.5.1 General. the liquid being filled can form such a mixture,shall be by means of a downspout which extends to near the bottom of the'tank. 7904.5.1.1 Applicability. Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading shall be in accordance with Section 7904.5. 7904.5.2.4 Drag chains. Drag chains or similar devices on tank vehicles shall not be used to meet the requirement of Section 7904.5.1.2 Fire protection. Fire protection shall be provided in 7904.5.2.3 for static protection. accordance with Article 10.Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1.Extin- NG shall Smoking. Approved signs which read NO SMOK- I guishers having a minimum rating of 40-B shall be provided at NG sll be maintained at entrance gates of bulk plants and near each loading rack. Suitable fire-control devices, such as small each loading rack. hose or portable fire extinguishers, shall be available to protect 7904.5.2.6 Security. Loading rack or properties on which a locations where fires are likely to occur.The chief is authorized to loading rack is located shall be surrounded by a fence not less than require additional fire-control equipment where an unusual expo- 5 feet(1524 mm)in height,constructed of wire mesh,solid metal sure hazard exists.Such additional fire-control equipment shall be sheathing or masonry. Tank vehicles shall not be loaded or sufficient to extinguish a fire in the largest tank.The design and unloaded unless such vehicles are entirely within the fenced area. amount of such equipment shall be in accordance with approved Tank vehicles shall not be backed into or from the premises of a engineering standards. bulk plant. 7904.5.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Areas EXCEPTION:Existing installations where adequate public safety where tank vehicle and tank car loading racks are located shall be exists due to isolation,natural barriers or other factors as determined provided with spill control and secondary containment as set forth by the chief. in Section 7901.8. 7904.5.2.7 Top loading.When top loading a tank vehicle with 7904.5.2 Tank vehicle loading racks. Class I and II liquids without vapor control, valves used for the final control of flow shall be of the self-closing type and shall be 7004.5.2.1 Construction. Loading racks shall be constructed of manually held open except where automatic means are provided noncombustible materials. for shutting off the flow when the vehicle is full. Self-closing valves shall not be tied or locked in the open position. 7904.5.2.2 Location. Loading racks dispensing Class 1, II or III-A liquids shall be separated from tanks, warehouses or other When top loading a tank vehicle with vapor control,flow con- plant buildings,and the nearest property line of a property that can trol.shall be in accordance with Section 7904.5.2.8. be built on by a clear distance of not less than 25 feet(7620 mm), 7904.5.2.8 Bottom loading. When bottom loading a tank measured from the nearest fill stem.Buildings for pumps or for vehicle with or without vapor control,a positive means shall be shelter of loading personnel are allowed to be part of the loading provided for loading a predetermined quantity of liquid,together rack. with an automatic secondary shutoff control to prevent overfil- 7904.5.2.3 Static protection. Loading racks shall be equipped ling. The connecting components between the loading rack and with protection to prevent the accumulation of static charges dur- the tank vehicle required to operate the secondary control shall be ing truck-filling operations. Bonding facilities shall be provided functionally compatible. during the loading of tank vehicles through open domes where When bottom loading a tank vehicle that is equipped for vapor Class I liquids are loaded, or where Class I1 and III liquids are control and vapor control is not used,the tank shall be vented to 1-197 7904.5.2.8 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.6.1 the atmosphere to prevent pressurization of the tank.Such venting 7904.5.4.2.1 General. Class I, II or III liquids shall be trans- shall be at a height equal to or greater than the top of the cargo tank ferred from a tank vehicle or tank car only into an approved atmo- on the vehicle. spheric tank or approved portable tank, except as provided in When bottom loading a tank vehicle,the coupling between the Sections 7904.5.4.2.2 through 7904.5.4.2.6. liquid loading hose or pipe and the truck piping shall be a dry dis- 7904.5.4.2.2 Marine craft and special equipment. Liquids connect coupling. intended for use as motor fuels are allowed to be transferred from Connections to the plant vapor-control system shall be designed tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of marine craft and special equip- to prevent the escape of vapor to the atmosphere when not con- ment when approved,and when: nected to a tank vehicle. 1. The tank vehicle's specific function is that of supplying fuel Vapor-processing equipment shall be separated from above- to fuel tanks, ground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings, loading and 2• The operation is not performed where the public has access unloading facilities or nearest line of adjoining property that can or where there is unusual exposure to life or property, be built on by a distance of at least 25 feet (7620 mm). Vapor- 3. The dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet(15 240 mm)in processing equipment shall be protected from physical damage by length,and remote location,guardrails,curbs or fencing. 4. The dispensing nozzle is approved. 7904.5.2.9 Switch loading. Tanks which have previously con- 7904.5.4.2.3 Emergency refueling. When approved, dispens- tained Class I liquids shall not be loaded with Class II or III liquids ing of motor vehicle fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks until such tanks and all piping, pumps, hoses and meters con- of motor vehicles is allowed during emergencies. Dispensing nected thereto have been completely drained and flushed. from tank vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 7904.2.8 7904.5.2.10 Electrical. Wiring and electrical equipment and 7904.6. located within 25 feet (7620 mm)of any portion of the loading 7904.5.4.2.4 Aircraft fueling. Transfer of liquids from tank rack shall be designed,operated and installed such that it does not vehicles to the fuel tanks of aircraft is allowed in accordance with create an ignition hazard. Section 2402. 7904.5.3 Tank Car Loading Racks. 7904.5.4.2.5 Fueling of vehicles at farms, construction sites and similar areas. Transfer of liquids from tank vehicles to 7904.5.3.1 Construction. Construction shall be in accordance motor vehicles for private use on farms and rural areas and at with Section 7904.5.2.1. construction sites,earth-moving projects,gravel pits and borrow 7904.5.3.2 Location. Location shall be in accordance with Sec- pits is allowed in accordance with Section 7904.2.8. tion 7904.5.2.2. 7904.5.4.2.6 Disabled vehicles. When a tank vehicle or tank is disabled through accident or mechanical failure and it becomes 7904.5.3.3 Static protection. Where the resistance of a tank car necessary to remove the cargo at that location, such cargo is to ground through the rails is 25 ohms or greater,bonding shall be allowed to be transferred to another tank vehicle or tank car. provided in accordance with Section 7904.5.2.3. 7904.5.4.3 Time limit or unloading. Tank vehicles and tank 7904.5.3.4 Stray current protection. Tank car loading facili- cars shall be unloaded as soon as possible after arrival at point of ties where Class 1, II or III-A liquids are loaded or unloaded delivery and shall not be used as storage tanks.Tank cars shall be through open domes shall be protected against stray currents by unloaded only on private sidings or railroad siding facilities permanently bonding the pipe to at least one rail and to the rack equipped for transferring the liquid between tank cars and perma- sttucture. Multiple pipes entering the rack area shall be perma- nent storage tanks.Unless otherwise approved,a tank car shall not nently electrically bonded together.In areas where excessive stray be allowed to remain on a siding at the point of delivery for more currents are known to exist,all pipes entering the rack area shall be than 24 hours while connected for transfer operations. provided with insulating sections to electrically isolate the rack piping from the pipe lines. 7904.5.4.4 Unloading inside buildings. Tank vehicles or tank cars shall not be located inside of a building while unloading Class 7904.5.3.5 Smoking. Smoking controls shall be in accordance I,II or III-A liquids,unless approved. with Section 7904.5.2.5. EXCEPTION:Tank vehicles are allowed under canopies of auto- motive motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations. 7904.5.3.E Security. Loading racks or properties on which 7904.5.4.5 Vehicle motor shut-down. See Section 7904.6.3.3. loading rack is located shall be surrounded by a fence not less thann 5 feet(1524 mm)in height,constructed of wire mesh,solid metal 7904.5.4.6 Attendant required. The operator or other compe- sheathing or masonry.Tank cars shall not be loaded or unloaded tent person shall be in attendance at all times while a tank vehicle unless such tank cars are entirely within such enclosure. or tank car is discharging cargo.When practical,the tank vehicle EXCEPTION:Existing installations where adequate public safety or tank car shall be positioned such that the operating controls and exists due to isolation,natural barriers or other factors as determined the discharging end of the hoses are both in view of the operator or by the chief. other competent person. 7904.5.3.7 Switch loading. Switch loading shall be in accord- 7904.5.4.7 Chock blocks. At least two chock blocks not less ance with Section 7904.5.2.9. than 5 inches by 5 inches by 12 inches(127 mm by 127 mm by 7904.5.4 Liquid transfer. 304.8 mm)in size and dished to fit the contour of tires shall be used during unloading operations of tank vehicles. 7904.5.4.1 Transfer apparatus. Transfer apparatus shall be of 7904.6 Tank Vehicles and Vehicle Operation. an approved type. 7904.6.1 General. Tank vehicles shall be designed,constructed, 7904.5.4.2 Destination of liquids off loaded from tank vehicles equipped and maintained in accordance with UFC Standard 79-4 and tank cars. and Section 7904.6. 1-198 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.6.2 7904.6.7 7904.6.2 Full trailers and semitrailers. lute or less at 100°F (37.8°C) shall be.loaded into cargo tanks designed and constructed in accordance with Section 7904.6.1. 7904.6.2.1 Attachments. Trailers shall be firmly and securely attached to the vehicle drawing them in a manner conforming with 7904.6.3.12 Bonding of fill stem. Cargo tanks shall be bonded accepted engineering practice. to the fill stem or some part of the rack structure which is electri- cally interconnected with the fill-stem piping. 7904.6.2.2 Brakes. Full trailers and semitrailers shall be EXCEPTIONS:1.Tank vehicles used for asphalt. equipped with reliable brakes on all wheels,and adequate provi- sions shall be made for their efficient operation from the driver's 2 Tank vehicles loading flammable or combustible liquids through bottom connections. seat of the vehicle drawing the trailer or semitrailer. 3.Tank vehicles used exclusively for transporting Class Ill liquids 7904.6.2.3 Trailer connections. Trailer connections shall pre- when loaded at locations where Class I and 11 liquids are not handled. vent the towed vehicle from whipping or swerving from side to 7904.6.3.13 Bonding to underground tanks. An external side dangerously or unreasonably and shall cause the trailer to fol- bond-wire connection or bond-wire integral with a hose shall be low substantially in the path of the towing vehicle: provided for the transferring of flammable liquids through open connections into underground tanks. 7904.6.3 Operation of.tank vehicles. , 7904.6.4 Smoking. Smoking by tank vehicle drivers,helpers or 7904.6.3.1 Vehicle maintenance. Tank vehicles shall not be other personnel is prohibited while they are driving,making deliv- operated unless they are in proper repair and.free of accumulation eries,filling or making repairs to tank vehicles. of grease,oil or other flammables,and leaks. 7904.6.5 Parking. 7904.6.3.2 Leaving vehicle unattended. The driver, operator or attendant of a tank vehicle shall not leave the vehicle while it is 7904.6.5.1 General. Parking of tank vehicles shall be in accord- being filled or discharged,The delivery hose,when attached to a ance with.Section 7904.6.5. tank vehicle,shall be considered to be a part of the tank vehicle. EXCEPTION:In cases of accident,breakdown or other emergen- cies,tank vehicles are allowed to be parked and left unattended at any 7904.6.3.3 Vehicle motor shutdown..Motors of tank vehicles location while the operator is obtaining assistance. or tractors shall be shut down during the making or breaking of hose connections. If loading or unloading is performed without 7904.6.5.2 Unattended parking. the use of a power pump,the tank,vehicle or tractor motor shall be 7904.6.5.2.1 Parking near residential,educational and insti- shut down throughout such operations. tutional occupancies and other high-risk areas. Tank vehicles 7904.6.3.4 Bonding. Bonding shall be in accordance with Sec- shall not be left unattended at any time on residential streets,or tion 7904.5.2.3. within 500 feet(152.4 m)of a residential area,apartment or hotel complex, educational facility, hospital, or care facility. Tank 7904.6.3.5 Outage. A cargo tank or compartment thereof used vehicles shall not be left unattended at any other place that would, for the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids shall in the opinion of the chief,present an extreme life hazard. not be loaded to absolute capacity.The vacant space in a cargo tank or compartment thereof used in the transportation of flam- not be.5.2.2,unattended on thoroughfares,. Tank vehicles shall mable or combustible liquids shall not be less than 1 percent.Suf- ficient space shall be left vacant to prevent leakage from or EXCEPTIONS: I.The necessary absence in connection with load- distortion of such tank or,compartment by expansion of the con- ing or unloading the vehicle. During actual fuel transfer, Section tents due to rise in temperature in transit. 7904.6.3.2 shall apply.The vehicle location shall be in accordance with Section 7904.6.5.2.L 7904.6.3.6 Overfill protection. The driver, operator or atten- 2.Stops for meals during the day or night,if the street is well lighted dant of a tank vehicle shall, before making delivery to a tank, at the point of parking.The vehicle location shall be in accordance with determine the unfilled capacity'of such tank by a suitable gaging Section 7904.6.5.2.1. device. To prevent overfilling, the driver, operator or attendant 7904.6.5.2.3 Durations exceeding one hour. Tank vehicles shall not deliver in excess of that amount. parked at any one point for longer than one hour shall be located off of streets,highways,avenues or alleys,and 7904.6.3.7 Securing hatches. During loading, hatch covers shall be secured on all but the receiving compartments. 1. Inside of a bulk plant and either 25 feet(7620 mm)or more from the nearest property line or within a building approved for 7904.6.3.8.Simultaneous delivery. Simultaneous delivery to such use,or underground tanks from two or more discharge hoses shall be 2. At other approved locations not less than 50 feet (15 240 made by means of mechanically tight connections between the mm)from buildings other than those approved for the storage or hose and fill pipe. servicing of such vehicles. 7904.6.3.9 Covers closed in transit. Dome covers shall be 7904.6.6 Garaging. Tank vehicles shall not be parked,or closed and latched while the tank vehicle is in transit. garaged in buildings other than those specifically approved for 7904.6.3.10 Liquid temperature. Materials shall not be loaded such use by the chief into or transported in a tank vehicle at a temperature above the 7904.6.7 Fire protection. Tank vehicles shall be equipped with material's ignition temperature unless safeguarded in an approved a fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2-A,20-B:C. manner. During unloading of the tank vehicle,the fire extinguisher shall 7904.6.3.11 Low vapor-pressure liquids. Flammable'and com- be out of the carrying device on the vehicle and shall be 15 feet bustible liquids with a vapor pressure of 40 psi(275.8 kPa)abso- (4572 mm)or more from the unloading valves. 1-199 7904.7—7904.7.4 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7904.2-A 7904.7 Refineries. 7904.7.3 Cleaning of tanks. The safe entry and cleaning of petroleum storage tanks shall be conducted in accordance with 7904.7.1 General. Plants and portions of plants in which flam- nationally recognized standards and practices. See Article 90, mable liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude Standard a.3.15. petroleum,natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources shall be in accordance with Section 7904.7. 7904.7.4 Storage of heated petroleum products. When petro- leum-derived asphalts and residue are stored in heated tanks at re- 7904.7.2 Corrosion protection. Aboveground tanks and piping fineries and bulk storage facilities or in tank vehicles, such systems shall be protected against corrosion. See Article 90, products shall also be in accordance with nationally recognized Standard a.3.6. standards. See Article 90,Standard a.3.17. TABLE 7904.2-A—MINIMUM VENT SIZES FOR TANKS (See Section 7904.2.5.3) TANK CAPACITY(gallons) MINIMUM VENT SIZE(Nominal Pipe Diameter,inches) x 3.785 for L x 25.4 for mm Up to 275 11/2 276-660 2 661-900 21/2 901-1,100 3 1,101-10,000 See Sections 7902.1.11.7 and 7902.2.6.3 1-200 17.56.087 UFC Section 7901.3.2 Hazardous Materials Storage Plan. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) UFC Section 7901.3.2 is Amended to Read: Plans. All new facilities and modifications to existing facilities proposing to store, dispense, use or handle flammable or combustible liquids, shall submit a hazardous materials storage and use plan in accordance with UFC Section 8001.3.2.1. (3317-1/96) 17.56.095 UFC Section 7902.2.2.1 Locations Where Aboveground Tanks Are Prohibited. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Restricted Locations. The limits referred to herein prohibiting the storage of Class I and II liquids in outside, aboveground tanks are hereby established for all commercial land use districts as defined in the Huntington Beach Zoning and Subdivision Ordinance. (3317-1/96) EXCEPTIONS: (3317-1/96) A. Bulk plants may exist in I-G(general industrial) zoned districts only. (3317-1/96) B. Class III liquids may only be stored on properties with a 0 or 01 suffix. (3317-1/96) C. Class II liquids may be stored temporarily on construction sites with the approval of the fire chief. (3317-1/96) D. The storage of Class I and Class II liquids in aboveground tanks is prohibited within the City of Huntington Beach except at locations classified as Zone I-G(general industrial) where permitted by a site plan use permit on property designated as potentially suitable for the uses permitted under these zone classifications by the Huntington Beach Zoning and Subdivision Ordinance as the same may be amended from time to time. (3317-1/96) 17.56.100 UFC Section 7902.6.3 Location of Underground Fuel Tanks. (3317-1/96) UFC Section 7902.6.3 is amended to read as follows: 4. The installation of underground combustible/flammable liquid tanks is hereby prohibited in all residential districts. The fire chief may authorize installation of underground combustible/flammable liquid tanks in agricultural and manufacturing districts. (3317-1/96) 17.56.105 UFC Section 7902.6.10 Tank Lining. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) ADD Tank linings are prohibited in the City of Huntington Beach unless approved by the fire chief. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 17.56.110 UFC Section 7903.2.1.4 Heatinz, Cooking, and Lighting Devices. (3317-1/96) UFC Section 7903.2.1.4-Delete the exception. (3317-1/96) 17.56.115 UFC Section 7903.2.3.4.2 Mechanical Ventilation. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) UFC Section 7903.2.3.4.2 -Delete the exception. (3317-1/96) 17.56.120 UFC Section 7904.3.2.3 Oil Well Drilling and Operation. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) The distances set out in this UFC Section 7904.3.2, at the discretion of the fire chief, may be reduced if added fire protection is provided by installation of approved fire protection systems and devices. (3317-1/96) 17.56.130 UFC Section 7904.3.4.2 Amended—Sumps. (3317-1/96) Backfilling Sumps. The maintenance of any sump or other basin for the retention of oil or petroleum products in the City is prohibited. (3317-1196) 17.56.135 UFC Section 7904.3.10 Huntington Beach Oil Code. (3317-1/96) ADD--the Huntington Beach Oil Code (Huntington Beach Municipal Code Title 15) is incorporated herein by reference, and declared to be part of the Huntington Beach Fire Code as though set out in full herein. (3317-1/96) 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001 8001.3.2 ARTICLE 80-HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SECTION 8001 —GENERAL SIVE; FISSILE MATERIAL; FLAMMABLE GAS; FLAM- MABLE LIQUEFIED GAS; FLAMMABLE SOLID; 8001.1 Scope. HANDLING; HAZARDOUS MATERIAL; HEALTH HAZ- 8001.1.1 General. Prevention, control and mitigation of dan- ARD; HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIAL; HIGHLY VOLATILE gerous conditions related to storage,dispensing,use and handling LIQUID;IDLH;INERT GAS;IRRITANT;MATERIAL SAFE- of hazardous materials and information needed by emergency re- TY DATA SHEET; NESTING; NORMAL TEMPERATURE spouse personnel shall be in accordance with Article erg AND PRESSURE(NTP);ORGANIC PEROXIDE;OSHA;OXI- DIZER; PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL); PEROX- EXCEPTIONS: 1.The quantities of alcoholic beverages,medi- IDE-FORMING CHEMICAL; PHYSICAL HAZARD; tines,foodstuffs and cosmetics,containing not more than 50 percent PORTABLE TANKS; PRIMARY CONTAINMENT; PROPRI- by volume of water-miscible liquids and'with the remainder of the solu- tions not being flammable,in retail sales occupancies are unlimited ETARY INFORMATION; PYROPHORIC; REDUCED FLOW when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. VALVE;RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCY; SCAVENGED GAS; 2.Application and release of pesticide products and materials in- SECONDARY CONTAINMENT;SEGREGATED; SENSITIZ- tended for use in weed abatement,erosion control,soil amendment or ER; SEPARATE GAS STORAGE ROOM; SIMPLE ASPHYX- similar applications when applied in accordance with the manufactur- IANT GAS; STATIONARY TANK; STORAGE FACILITY; er's instructions and label directions. TOXIC MATERIAL; UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE; UN- The storage of hazardous materials and maximum quantity on- STABLE MATERIAL; UNSTABLE (reactive) LIQUID; USE; site is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits USE, CLOSED SYSTEM; USE, OPEN SYSTEM; and WA- of districts in which such storage is prohibited.(See model adopt- TER-REACTIVE MATERIAL,see Article 2. ing ordinance,Section 9.) 8001.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 80, 8001.1.2 Material classification. Hazardous materials are certain terms are defined as follows: those chemicals or substances defined as such in Article 2. See CONTAINER is any vessel of 60 United States gallons(227.1 Appendix VI-A for the classification of hazard categories and L)or less capacity used for transporting or storing hazardous ma- hazard evaluations. terials. The classification system referenced in Section 8002 shall ap- OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA is an area which contains ply to all hazardous materials,including those materials regulated hazardous materials not'exceeding the limits of Table 8001.15-C elsewhere in this code. or 8001.15-D. Mixtures shall be classified in accordance with hazards of the mixture as a whole.Mixtures shall be classified by an approved 8001.3 Permits. qualified organization,individual or testing laboratory. 8001.3.1 General. Permits are required to store,dispense,use or ' 8001.1.3 Application. Article 80 shall apply to all hazardous handle hazardous material in excess of quantities specified in Sec- materials, including those materials regulated elsewhere in tion 105,Permit h.1. this code, except that when specific requirements are provided A permit is required when a material is classified as having ' in other articles,those specific requirements shall apply.See Sec- more than one hazard category if the quantity limits are exceeded tion 101.6. in any category. When a material has multiple hazards,all hazards shall be ad- Permits are required to install,repair, abandon,remove,place dressed. temporarily out of service,close or substantially modify a storage The provisions of Article 80 related to health hazards as classi- facility or other area regulated by Article 80. See also Sec- fied in Section 8002 are waived when the chief has determined tion 8001.13. that such enforcement is preempted by other codes,statutes or or- EXCEPTIONS: 1.Routine maintenance. dinances.The details of any action granting such a waiver shall be 2. For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis, recorded and entered in the files of the code enforcement agency. application for permit shall be made within two working days of com- mencement of work. 8001.1.4 Existing buildings. For existing buildings, see Sec- Permittee shall apply for approval to close storage,use or han- tion 102. dling facilities at least 30 days prior to the termination of the stor- 8001.1.5 Retail and wholesale storage and display. For retail age, use or handling of hazardous materials. Such application and wholesale storage and display of nonflammable solid and shall include any change or alteration of the facility closure plan nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in filed pursuant to Section 8001.13. This 30-day period may be Group M retail sales occupancies,see Section 8001.14. waived by the chief if there are special circumstances requiring such waiver. 8001.2 Definitions. 8001.3.2 Hazardous materials management plan. When re- 8001.2.1 General. For definitions of BARRICADE; BULK quired by the chief,each application for a permit shall include a OXYGEN SYSTEM; CARCINOGEN; CEILING LIMIT, hazardous materials management plan(HMMP).The location of CHEMICAL; C.F.R.; CHEMICAL NAME; COMMON RADI- the HMMP shall be posted adjacent to permits when an HMMP is ATION SOURCE MATERIAL; COMPRESSED GAS; COM- provided.The HMMP shall include a facility site plan designating PRESSED GAS CONTAINER;COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM; the following: CONTINUOUS GAS-DETECTION SYSTEM; CONTROL AREA; CORROSIVE; CYLINDER; DEFLAGRATION; DE- 1. Storage and use areas, TACHED STORAGE; DETONATION;DOT; EXCESS FLOW 2. Maximum amount of each material stored or used in each CONTROL;EXCESS FLOW VALVE;EXPLOSION;EXPLO- area, 1-201 .8001.3.2 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.4.3.3 3. Range of container sizes, 8001.4 Systems,Equipment and Processes. 4. Locations of emergency isolation and mitigation valves and 8001.4.1 General. Systems, equipment and processes utilized devices, for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials 5. Product conveying piping containing liquids or gases,other shall be in accordance with Section 8001.4. than utility-owned fuel gas lines and low-pressure fuel gas lines, 8001.4.2 Design and construction of containers,cylinders and 6. On and off positions of valves for valves which are of the tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and self-indicating type,and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90 and Section 101.3.Containers,cylinders,tanks and 7. Storage plan showing the intended storage arrangement,in- other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be ' cluding the location and dimensions of aisles. of an approved type. The plans shall be legible and approximately to scale.Separate 8001.4.3 Piping,tubing,valves and fittings. distribution systems are allowed to be shown on separate pages. 8001.4.3.1 General. Piping,tubing,valves and fittings convey- See also Appendix H-E. ing hazardous materials shall be installed in accordance with approved standards and shall be in accordance with Sec- tion 8001.4.3. AC The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- C Lion for applications specified by law for the Office of the State Fire Marshal. 8001.4.3.2 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, n 8001.3.2a Hazardous materials management plan. When re- fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall quired by the chief,each application for a permit shall include a be in accordance with the following: hazardous materials management plan(HMMP).The location of 1. Piping,tubing,valves,fittings and related components shall the HMMP shall be posted adjacent to permits when an HMMP is be designed and fabricated from materials compatible with the ' provided.The HMMP shall include a facility site plait designating material to be contained and shall be of adequate strength and du- the following: rability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic stress, 1. Storage and use areas, and exposure to which they are subject, 2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with na- 2. Maximum amount of each material stored or used in each tionally recognized standards(see Article 90, Standard a.2.1)to area, indicate the material conveyed, 3. Range of container sizes, 3. Emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the loca- 4. Locations of emergency isolation and mitigation valves and tion shall be clearly visible and indicated by means of a sign,and devices, 4. Backflow-prevention or check valves shall be provided 5. Product conveying piping containing liquids or gases,other when the backflow of hazardous materials could create a hazard- than utility-owned fuel gas lines and low-pressure fuel gas lines, ous condition or cause the unauthorized discharge of hazardous and materials. 6. On and off positions of valves for valves which are of the 8001.4.3.3 Additional regulations for supply piping for health self-indicating type. hazard materials. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liq- uids having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with 7. Storage plan showing the intended storage arrangement,in- UFC Standard 79-3 shall also be in accordance with the following: cluding the location and dimensions of aisles. 1. Piping and tubing utilized for the transmission of highly tox- The plans shall be legible and approximately to scale.Separate is or toxic material shall have welded or brazed connections distribution systems are allowed to be shown on separate pages. throughout unless an exhausted enclosure is provided if the mate- rial is a gas,or the piping is provided with a receptor for contain- L A [For SFMJ The HMMP shall comply with Health and Safety ment if the material is a liquid, L C Code, Chapter 6.95,Sections 25500 through 25545,and Title 19, L C Division 2, Chapter 3. EXCEPTIONS: I. Nonmetallic piping with approved connec- tions. 2.Metallic piping with nonmetallic lining with approved connec- tions. 8001.3.3 Hazardous materials inventory Statement. When 3.Threaded pipe and connections in accordance with nationally rec- required by the chief,each application for a permit shall include a ognized standards.See Section 9003,Standard a.2.5. hazardous materials inventory statement (HMIS). See also Ap- 2. Piping and tubing shall not be located within corridors,with- pendix 11-E. in any portion of a means of egress required to be enclosed in fire-resistive construction or in concealed spaces in areas not C The following California section replaces the corresponding model code sec- classified as Group H Occupancies, C tion for applications specified by law for the Once of the State Fire Marshal. EXCEPTION: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors and floor or roof above or in concealed space in other 8001.3.3a Hazardous materials inventory statement. When occupancies when installed in accordance with the Building Code as required by the chief,each application for a permit shall include a required for Group H, Division 6 Occupancies. See UBC Section hazardous materials inventory statement(HMIS). 307.11.6.2. L C [For SFMJ The HMIS shall comply with Health and Safety 3. Where gases or liquids are carried in pressurized piping L A above 15 psig(103.4 kPa),excess flow control shall be provided. L C Code, Chapter 6.95,Sections 25500 through 25545,and Title 19, L c Division 2, Chapter 3. Where the piping originates from within a hazardous material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be located within the storage room or area.Where the piping originates from 1-202 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.4.3.3 8001.4.6 a bulk source,the excess flow control shall be located as close to 5. Provided with a readily accessible shutoff valve or valves the bulk source as practical,and which will shut off the source of gas to the piping system in the 4. Readily accessible manual or automatic remotely activated event of leakage. fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply 8001.4.4 Equipment, machinery and alarms. Equipment, piping and tubing at the following locations: machinery and required detection and alarm systems associated with the use,storage or handling of hazardous materials shall be 4.1 The point of use,and listed or approved. 4.2 The tank,cylinder or bulk source. 8001.4.5 Installation of tanks. 8001.4.3.4 Flammable, oxidizing and pyrophoric gases. 8001.4.5.1 Underground tanks. When low melting point materials, such as aluminum, copper, 8001.4.5.1.1 General. Underground tanks used for the storage some brass alloys or nonmetallic materials, are used for piping of liquid hazardous materials shall be located and protected in ac- systems, conveying flammable, pyrophoric or oxidizing gases cordance with Section 7902.6.11. such piping systems shall be protected with one of the following: 8001.4.5.1.2 Secondary containment. Secondary containment 1. Isolation from fire exposure by fire-resistive construction or shall be provided for new installations of underground tanks. other approved means; 8001.4.5.2 Aboveground tanks. Aboveground stationary tanks 2. Isolation from fire exposure by gas cabinets; used for the storage of hazardous materials shall be located and 3. Protected from fire exposure by an automatic fire-extin- protected in accordance with the requirements for outdoor storage guishing system; of the particular material involved and shall be marked as required ' 4. Located so that any release resulting from failure of the pip- by Section 8001.7. ing systems will not unduly expose persons, buildings or struc- 8001.4.6 Empty containers and tanks. Empty containers and tures;or tanks previously used for the storage of hazardous materials shall (Text continues on page 1-203.) 1-202.1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE (This page intentionally left blank.) 1-202.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8001.4.6 8001.9 be free from residual material and vapor as defined by DOT,the the jurisdiction. When deemed necessary by the chief, cleanup Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA)or other regu- may be initiated by the fire department or by an authorized indi- lating authority or maintained as specified for the storage of the vidual or firm.Costs associated with such cleanup shall be borne hazardous material. by the owner,operator or other person responsible for the unau- 8001.4.7 Maintenance. thorized discharge. 8001.6 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material safety data 8001.4.7.1 General. Equipment,machinery and required detec- sheets(MSDS)shall be readily available on the premises for haz- tion and alarm systems associated with hazardous materials shall ardous materials regulated by Article 80. See also Sec- be maintained in an operable condition.Defective containers,cyl- tion 8001.3.2. inders and tanks shall be removed from service,repaired or dis- posed of in an approved manner. Defective equipment or 8001.7 Identification Signs. Visible hazard identification signs machinery shall be removed from service and repaired or as specified in UFC Standard 79-3 shall be placed on stationary replaced. Required detection and alarm systems shall be replaced aboveground tanks and at entrances to locations where hazardous or repaired where defective.See also Section 8001.4.4. materials are stored, dispensed, used or handled in quantities requiring a permit. Signs shall be provided at specific entrances 8001.4.7.2 Tanks out-of-service for 90 days. Stationary tanks and locations designated by the chief. not used for a period of 90 days shall be properly safeguarded or removed in an approved manner. Such tanks shall have the fill EXCEPTION:The chief may waive this requirement in special cases when consistent with safety if the owner or operator has line,gauge opening and pump connection secured against tamper- submitted a hazardous materials management plan and hazardous ing.Vent lines shall be properly maintained. materials inventory statement. See Appendix II-E and Sections Tanks which are to be placed back in service shall be tested in an 8001.3.2 and 8001.3.3. approved manner. Individual containers, cartons or packages shall be conspicu- ously marked or labeled in accordance with nationally recognized 8001.4.7.3 Defective containers and tanks. Defective contain- standards. ers and tanks shall be removed from service,repaired or disposed of in an approved manner. Rooms or cabinets containing compressed gases shall be con- spicuously labeled COMPRESSED GAS. 8001.4.8 Liquid-level limit control. Atmospheric tanks which Signs shall not be obscured or removed. have a capacity greater than 500 gallons(1893 L)containing haz- ardous material liquids shall be equipped with a liquid-level limit Signs shall be in English as a primary language or in symbols control to prevent overfilling of the tank. allowed by this code. EXCEPTION:Tanks monitored by a system which limits net con- Signs shall be durable. tents by weight. The size,color and lettering shall be in accordance with nation- 8001.4.9 Seismic protection. Machinery and equipment utiliz- ally recognized standards. ing hazardous materials shall be seismically anchored in accord- ance with the Building Code. 8001.8 Signs. In addition to the hazard identification signs re- quired by Section 8001.7, additional hazard identification and 8001.5 Release of Hazardous Materials. warning signs shall be provided as follows: 8001.5.1 General. Hazardous materials shall not be released 1. Stationary containers and tanks shall be placarded with haz- into a sewer,storm drain,ditch,drainage canal,lake,river or tidal and identification signs as specified in UFC Standard 79-3 for the waterway,or upon the ground,sidewalk, street,highway or into specific material contained. the atmosphere. 2. Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in the following EXCEPTION: Materials released in accordance with federal, situations: state or local governing regulations or permits of the jurisdictional Air 2.1 In rooms or areas where hazardous materials are stored Quality Management Board with a National Pollutant Discharge Elim- or dispensed or used in open systems in amounts requiring a ination System Permit,with waste discharge requirements established by the jurisdictional Water Quality Control Board or with local sewer permit in accordance with Section 8001.3.1. r pretreatment requirements for publicly owned treatment works. 2.2 Within 25 feet(7620 mm)of outdoor storage,dispens- 8001.5.2 Unauthorized discharges. ing or open-use areas. 8001.5.2.1 Records. Accurate records shall be kept of the unau- Signs shall not be obscured or removed.Signs shall be in Eng- thorized discharge of hazardous materials by the permittee. lish as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this code. Signs shall be durable.The size,color and lettering shall be in ac- 8001.5.2.2 Notification. The chief shall be notified immediate- cordance with nationally recognized standards. ly when an unauthorized discharge becomes reportable under 8001.9 Sources of Ignition. Smoking shall be prohibited in the state,federal or local regulations. following locations: 8001.5.2.3 Preparation. Provisions shall be made for control- 1.Within 25 feet(7620 mm)of outdoor storage or dispensing ling and mitigating unauthorized discharges. areas. 8001.5.2.4 Control. When an unauthorized discharge due to pri- 2.In rooms or areas where hazardous materials are stored or dis- mary container failure is discovered,the involved primary con- pensed or used in open systems in amounts requiring a permit in tainer shall be repaired or removed from service. accordance with Section 8001.3.1. 8001.5.2.5 Responsibility for cleanup. The person,firm or cor- Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not be used in a poration responsible for an unauthorized discharge shall institute manner which creates a hazardous condition. and complete all actions necessary to remedy the effects of such EXCEPTION:Energy-consuming equipment listed for use with unauthorized discharge,whether sudden or gradual,at no cost to the hazardous materials stored or used. 1-203 8001.10 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8001.11.5 8001.10 Construction Requirements. 8001.10.6 Hazardous materials storage cabinets. 8001.10.1 General. Buildings, or portions thereof, in which 8001.10.6.1 General. When storage cabinets are used to in- hazardous materials are stored, handled or used shall be con- crease exempt amounts or to comply with Article 80, such cabi- structed in accordance with the Building Code. nets shall be in accordance with Section 8001.10.6. 8001.10.2 Control areas. 8001.10.6.2 Construction. Cabinets shall be constructed of metal. The interior of cabinets shall be treated, coated or con- 8001.10.2.1 Construction requirements. Control areas shall structed of materials that are nonreactive with the hazardous mate- be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resis- rial stored. Such treatment,coating or construction shall include tive occupancy separation. the entire interior of the cabinet.Cabinets shall either be listed as 8001.10.2.2 Number. The number of control areas in buildings suitable for the intended storage or constructed in accordance with or portions of buildings used for retail or wholesale sales shall not the following: exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other 1. Cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness of not less than uses shall not exceed four. 0.044 inch(1.12 mm)(18 gage).The cabinet,including the door, shall be double walled with I /2-inch(38.1 mm)airspace between 8001.10.3 Gas rooms. the walls.Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall be tightfitting. 8001.10.3.1 General. When a gas room is used to increase com- Doors shall be well fitted,self-closing and equipped with a self- pressed gas exempt amounts or when the location of compressed latching device,and gases in a gas room is required or allowed by Section 8003 or 2. The bottoms of cabinets utilized for the storage of liquids 8004,the gas room shall be in accordance with Section 8001.10.3. shall be liquid tight to a minimum height of 2 inches(50.8 mm). 8001.10.3.2 Construction. Gas rooms shall be separated from For requirements regarding electrical equipment and devices the remainder of the building by not less than a one-hour fire-resin- Within cabinets used for the storage of hazardous gases or liquids, tive occupancy separation.For highly toxic and toxic compressed see the Electrical Code. gases used in conjunction with or serving a Group H,Division 6 8001.11 General Safety Precautions. Occupancy,also see the Building Code. 8001.10.3.3 Ventilation system. The ventilation system for gas 8001.11.1 Personnel training and written procedures. rooms shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in rela- 8001.11.1.1 General. Persons responsible for the operation of tion to the surrounding area.For toxic and highly toxic gases,the areas in which hazardous materials are stored,dispensed,handled requirements set forth in Section 8003.3.1.3.4 shall also be met. or used shall be familiar with the chemical nature of the materials and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of 8001.10.4 Exhausted enclosures. fire,leak or spill. 8001.10.4.1 General. When an exhausted enclosure is used to 8001.11.1.2 Fire department liaison. Responsible persons increase exempt amounts or when the location of hazardous mate- shall be designated and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire rials in exhausted enclosures is either required or allowed by Sec- department. These persons shall aid the fire department in pre- tion 8003 or 8004,the exhausted enclosure shall be in accordance planning emergency responses and identification of the locations with Section 8001.10.4. where hazardous materials are located and shall have access to material safety data sheets and be knowledgeable in the site emer- 8001.10.4.2 Construction. Exhausted enclosures shall be non- gency response procedures. combustible. 8001.11.2 Security. The storage, dispensing, use and handling 8001.10.4.3 Ventilation. The ventilation system for exhausted areas shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded enclosures shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in with such protective facilities as public safety requires. relation to the surrounding area.For toxic and highly toxic gases, the requirements set forth in Section 8003.3.1.3.3 shall also be 8001.11.3 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other ap- met. proved means shall be provided to protect storage tanks and con- nected piping,valves and fittings;dispensing areas;and use areas 8001.10.5 Gas cabinets. subject to vehicular damage.When guard posts are installed,the 8001.10.5.1 General. When a gas cabinet is used to increase ex- posts shall be: empt amounts or when the location of compressed gases in gas 1. Constructed of steel not less than 4 inches(101.6 mm)in di- cabinets is either required or allowed by Section 8003 or 8004,the ameter and concrete filled, gas cabinet shall be in accordance with Section 8001.10.5. 2. Spaced not more than 4 feet(1219 mm) between posts on 8001.10.5.2 Construction. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in center, accordance with the following: 3. Set not less than 3 feet(914 mm)deep in a concrete footing 1.Constructed of not less than 0.097-inch(2.46 mm)(12 gage) of not less than a 15-inch(381 mm)diameter, steel. 4. Set with the top of the posts not less than 3 feet(914 mm) 2. Be provided with self-closing limited access ports or non- above ground,and combustible windows to give access to equipment controls. 5. Located not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)from the tank. 3.Be provided with self-closing doors. 8001.11.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring 8001.10.5.3 Ventilation. The ventilation system for gas cabi- and equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. nets shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area.For toxic and highly toxic gases,the re- 8001.11.5 Static accumulation. When processes or conditions quirements set forth in Section 8003.3.1.3.2 shall also be met. exist where a flammable mixture could be ignited by static elec- 1-204 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.11.5 8001.14.1 tricity,means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of a 3.Containers and cylinders of compressed gases,which are trans- static charge. ported by approved hand trucks, and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds(11.3 kg),which are hand carried. 8001.11.6 Protection from fight. Materials which are sensitive 4.Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds(45.4 kg), to light shall be stored in containers designed to protect them from which are transported by approved hand trucks,and a single container such exposure. not exceeding 50 pounds(22.7 kg),which is hand carried. 8001.11.7 Shock padding. Materials which are shock sensitive 8001.12.3 Carts and trucks. shall be padded,suspended or otherwise protected against acci- 8001.12.3.1 General. Carts and trucks required by Section dental dislodgement and dislodgement during seismic activity. 8001.12.2 to be used to transport hazardous materials shall be in For seismic requirements and the seismic zone in which the mate- accordance with Section 8001.12.3. rial is located,see the Building Code. 8001.12.3.2 Design. Carts and trucks used to transport hazard- 8001.11.8 Separation of incompatible materials. Incompat- ible materials in storage and storage of materials incompatible ous materials shall be designed to provide a stable base for the with materials in use shall separated when the stored materials commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restrain- with ing containers to prevent accidental dislodgement. Compressed are in containers having a capacity of more than 5 pounds(2.268 gas cylinders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually kg)or 1/2 gallon(1.89 Q.Separation shall be accomplished by: restrained. 1. Segregating incompatible materials storage by a distance of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm), 8001.12.3.3 Speed-control devices. Carts and trucks shall be provided with a device which will enable the operator to safely 2. Isolating incompatible materials storage by a nonc control movement by providing stops or speed-reduction devices. tible partition extending not less than 18 inches(457.2 mm)above bove and to the sides of the stored material, 8001.12.3.4 Construction. Construction materials for hazard- 3. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous materials ous materials carts or trucks shall be compatible with the material storage cabinets(see Section 8001.3.2),or transported.The cart or truck shall be of substantial construction. 4. Storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclo- 8001.12.3.5 Spill control. Carts and trucks transporting liquids sures in accordance with Sections 8003.3.1.3.2 and 8003.3.1.3.3. shall be capable of containing a spill from the largest single con- Materials which are incompatible shall not be stored within the tainer transported. same cabinet or exhausted enclosure. 8001.12.3.6 Attendance. Carts and trucks used to.transport 8001.11.9 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial materials shall not obstruct or be left unattended within any part of a means of egress. construction, adequately braced and anchored. For seismic re- quirements and the seismic zone in which the material is located, 8001.12.3.7 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials see the Building Code. shall not be transported on the same cart or truck. Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard when used for the 8001.13 Facility Closure. storage of individual containers. EXCEPTIONS:1.Storage in hazardous materials storage cabinets 8001.13.1 Temporarily out-of-service facilities. Facilities or laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use. which are temporarily out of service shall continue to maintain a 2. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit permit and be monitored and inspected. in accordance with Section 8001.3. 8001.13.2 Permanently out-of-service facilities. Facilities for Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an which a permit is not kept current or is not monitored and orderly manner. inspected on a regular basis shall be deemed to be permanently 8001.12 Handling and Transportation. out of service and shall be closed in accordance with Sec- tion 8001.13.3. 8001.12.1 General. Handling and transportation of hazardous materials in corridors or exit enclosures shall be in accordance 8001.13.3 Plan. The permit holder or applicant shall submit with Section 8001.12.See also Section 8001.4. a plan to the fire department to terminate storage,dispensing,han- dling or use of hazardous materials at least 30 days prior to facility Hazardous materials gas containers,cylinders and tanks in tran- closure. The plan shall demonstrate that hazardous materials sit shall have their protective caps in place.Containers,cylinders which were stored,dispensed,handled or used in the facility have and tanks of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have been transported,disposed of or reused in a manner that eliminates their valve outlets capped or plugged with an approved closure the need for further maintenance and any threat to public health device.See also Sections 7401.7 and 7403.3. and safety.Such plan shall be submitted in accordance with Sec- 8001.12.2 Required use of carts and trucks. Liquids in con- tion 8001.3.1. tainers exceeding 5 gallons(18.9 L)in a corridor or exit enclosure 8001.14 Retail and Wholesale Storage and Display. shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with 8001.14.1 General. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable UFC Standard 79-3 transported within corridors or exit enclosures solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous ma- shall be on a cart or truck.When carts and trucks are required for terials and health hazard gases within a single control area of a transporting hazardous materials,they shall be in accordance with Group M Occupancy is allowed to exceed the exempt amounts Section 8001.12.3. specified in Section 8001.15 when in accordance with Section EXCEPTIONS: 1. Two hazardous materials liquid containers, 8001.14. The maximum quantity of solids, liquids and com- which are hand carried in acceptable safety carriers. pressed gases allowed within a single control area of a Group M 2.Single drums not exceeding 55 gallons(208.2 L),which are trans- Occupancy shall be the greater of the exempt amount specified in ported by suitable drum trucks. Section 8001.15 or the amount derived from the formula: 1-205 8001.14.1 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.15.2.2.3 ER =E x R x A TABLE 8001.14-A—MULTIPLIER FOR EXEMPT AMOUNTS IN RETAIL OR WHOLESALE SALES OCCUPANCIES ForSI: ER = 10.8 x E x R x A MATERIAL WHERE: HAZARD CATEGORIES( CLASS MULTIPLIER,R Physical hazard solids and liquids: A = area in square feet(m);see Section 8001.14.2. oxidizers,unstable(reactives)and Class 4 Not allowed water reactives Class 3 0.075 E = exempt amount specified in Section 8001.15. Class 2 0.006 Class 1 0.003 ER = exempt amount allowed in a single control area of a Health hazard2 Group M Occupancy. Solids and liquids: Carcinogens,corrosives,highly All 0.0013 R = multiplier from Table 8001.14-A. toxics,irritants,other health hazards,sensitizers and toxics 8001.14.2 Maximum area for calculating exempt Gases Carcinogens,corrosives,irritants, All 0.0013 amount. The maximum aggregate retail or wholesale storage or other health hazards and display floor area"A"over which the multiplier can be calculated sensitizers for each hazard category within the storage or display room or area (Hazard categories are as specified in Section 8002.Density factors shall not shall not exceed 1,500 square feet(139 m2)per control area.The apply to categories other than those listed. calculated area in square feet is limited by either the size of the re- ZThe amounts of commonly used building materials and consumer products tail or wholesale display or storage room or area,or 1,500 square classified as carcinogens,irritants,other health hazards or sensitizers which feet(139 m2) when the room or area exceeds 1,500 square feet are not otherwise regulated by this code are not limited. (139 m2). 8001.15 Exempt Amounts. 8001.14.3 Storage and display. 8001.15.1 General. Exempt amounts shall be as specified in Section 8001.15.2 and Tables 8001.15-A through 8001.15-D. 8001.14.3.1 General. Storage and display shall be in accord- Storage,dispensing,use and handling of hazardous materials in ance with Section 8001.14.3. quantities exceeding exempt amounts shall be in accordance with Sections 8001,8003 and 8004. 8001.14.3.2 Density. Storage and display of solids shall not ex- Storage,dispensing,use and handling of hazardous materials in ceed 200 pounds per square foot(976.4 kg/m2)of floor area actu- quantities not exceeding exempt amounts shall be in accordance ally occupied by solid merchandise.Storage and display of liquids with Section 8001. shall not exceed 20 gallons per square foot(76 L/m )of floor area Where exempt amounts are indicated in pounds (kilograms) actually occupied by liquid merchandise. and when the density of the material is not provided to the chief,a , conversion of 10 pounds per gallon(1.2 kg/L)shall be used. ' 8001.14.3.3 Height. Storage and display height shall not exceed For retail and wholesale display,see Section 8001.14. 6 feet(1829 mm)above the finished floor. 8001.15.2 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by 8001.14.3.4 Container location. Individual containers less occupancy. than 5 gallons(19 L)or less than 25 pounds(11 kg)shall be stored 8001.15.2.1 General. Quantities of hazardous materials shall be or displayed on pallets,racks or shelves. limited within occupancies in accordance with Sections 8001.15.2 and 8001.15.3. 8001.14.3.5 Racks and shelves. Racks and shelves used for 8001.15.2.2 Group A Occupancies. storage or display shall be in accordance with Section 8001.11.9. 8001.15.2.2.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic 8001.14.3.6 Container type. Containers shall be approved for and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used the intended use. within Group A Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at 8001.14.3.7 Container size. Individual containers shall not ex- NTP are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods. ceed 100 pounds(45.4 kg)or a 5-gallon(19 L)capacity. 8001.15.2.2.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. 8001.15.2.2.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall 8001.14.3.8 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials not be stored or used in Group A Occupancies. shall be separated in accordance with Section 8001.11.8. EXCEPTION:Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materi- 8001.14.3.9 Floors. Floors shall be in accordance with Section als storage cabinets must comply with Section 8001.10.6 and shall not 8003.1.13. contain other storages. 8001.15.2.2.3 Organic peroxides. Unclassified detonatable 8001.14.3.10 Aisles. Aisles 4 feet(1219 mm)in width shall be and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used in Group maintained on three sides of the storage or display area. A Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Unclassified detonatable and Class 1 organic perox- ides are allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabi- 8001.14.3.11 Signs. Hazard identification signs shall be pro- nets.Hazardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section vided in accordance with Section 8001.7. 8001.10.6 and shall not contain other storage. 1-206 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.15.2.2.4 8001.15.2.5.2.1 8001.15.2.2.4 Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3 and 4 8001.15.2.3.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- unstable(reactive)materials shall not be stored or used in Group A inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3) at NTP used for Occupancies. maintenance purposes, patient care or operation of equipment, flammable and oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in EXCEPTION: Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials are Group B,F,M or S Occupancies. allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.10.6 The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- and shall not contain other storage. poses, patient care and operation of equipment shall not exceed 8001.15.2.2.5 Flammable and oxidizinggases. Except for cyl- the exempt amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A.Medical gas sys- inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet(7.1 m )at NTP used for main- tem supply cylinders shall be located in medical gas storage rooms or gas cabinets as set forth in Section 7404.2. tenance purposes, patient care or operation of equipment, flammable and oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in 8001.15.2.4 Group E Occupancies. Group A Occupancies. ' EXCEPTION:Food service operations in conformance with Sec- -8001.15.2.4.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic E tion XCEP.1 and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in Group E Occupancies. The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- p EXCEPTION:Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at poses and operation of equipment shall not exceed the exempt . NTP are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods. amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A. 8001.15.2.4.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. 8001.15.2.3 Groups B,F,M and S Occupancies. 8001.15.2.4.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall 8001.15.2.3.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic not be stored or used in Group E Occupancies. and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in EXCEPTION:Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when offices,retail sales or classroom portions of Group B,F,M or S stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materi- Occupancies. als storage cabinets must comply with Section 8001.10.6 and shall not contain other storage. EXCEPTION:When within classrooms of Group B Occupancies, cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at NTP are allowed in 8001.15.2.4.3 Organic peroxides. Unclassified detonatable gas cabinets or fume hoods. and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used in Group E Occupancies. 8001.15.2.3.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. EXCEPTION:Unclassified detonatable and Class i organic perox- ides are allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabi- ' 8001.15.2.3.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 9 nets.Hazardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section not be stored or used in offices,retail sales or classroom portions 8001.10.6 and shall not contain other storage. of Group B,F,M or S Occupancies. 8001.15.2.4.4 Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3 and 4 EXCEPTION:When within classrooms of Groups B,F and M Oc- unstable(reactive)materials shall not be stored or used in Group E cupancies,Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when stored Occupancies. in hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materials storage cabinets must comply with Section 8001.10.6 and shall not contain EXCEPTION: Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials are ocher storages. allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.10.6 8001.15.2.3.3 Organic peroxides. Unclassified detonatable and shall not contain other storage. and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used in offices, 8001.15.2.4.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- classrooms and retail sales portions of Group B,F,M or S Occu- inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3)at NTP used for panties. maintenance purposes or operation of equipment,flammable and EXCEPTION: Wheri within classrooms of Groups B,F and M oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in Group E Occupan- Occupancies,undetonatable and Class I organic peroxides are allowed ties. when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous rials 'storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.10.E and The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- mate ate not contain other storage. poses and operation of equipment shall not exceed the exempt shall amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A. 8001.15.2.3.4 Unstable(reactive)materials. 8001.15.2.5 Group I Occupancies. 8001.15.2.3.4.1 Offices. Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)mate- rials shall not be stored or used in offices of Group B,F,M or S 8001.15.2.5.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic Occupancies. and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used within Group I Occupancies. 8001.15.2.3.4.2 Classrooms. Class 3 and 4 unstable:(reactive) EXCEPTION:Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at materials shall not be stored or used in classrooms of Group B,For NTP are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods in quantities up to M Occupancies. the exempt amount. EXCEPTION: Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials are 8001.15.2.5.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- 8001.15.2.5.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall ardous material storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.I0.6 not be stored or used in Group I Occupancies. and shall not contain other storage. EXCEPTION:Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when 8001.15.2.3.4.3 Retail sales. Class 4 unstable(reactive)ma[eri- stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materi- als shall not be stored or used in'retail sales portions of Group M als storage cabinets must comply with Section 8001.10.6 and shall not Occupancies. contain other storage. 1-207 8001.15.2.5.3 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.16.2.2 8001.15.2.5.3 Organic peroxides. Unclassified detonatable 8001.15.2.7.3 Organic peroxides. Unclassified detonatable and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used in Group I and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used in Group Occupancies. U Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Unclassified detonatable and Class 1 organic perox- EXCEPTION:Unclassified detonatable and Class 1 organic perox- ides are allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabi- ides are allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabi- nets.Hazardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section nets.Hazardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.10.6 and shall not contain other storage. 8001.10.6 and shall not contain other storage. 8001.15.2.5.4 Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3 and 4 8001.15.2.7.4 Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)materials shall not be stored or used in Group I unstable(reactive)materials shall not be stored or used in Group U Occupancies. Occupancies. EXCEPTION: Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials are EXCEPTION: Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials are allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- allowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.10.6 ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.10.6 and shall not contain other storage. and shall not contain other storage. 8001.15.2.5.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- 8001.15.3 Special requirements for toxic liquids. The exempt inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3)at NTP used for amount for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of I psia maintenance purposes, patient care or operation of equipment, (6.89 kPa)at 77°F(25°C)shall be the exempt amount listed for flammable and oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in highly toxic liquids. Group I Occupancies. 8001.15.4 Outdoor storage. The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- poses, patient care and operation of equipment shall not exceed 8001.15.4.1 Quantities exceeding exempt amounts. Outdoor the exempt amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A.Medical gas sys- storage of hazardous materials where the aggregate quantity ex- tem supply cylinders shall be located in medical gas storage rooms ceeds the exempt amounts specified in Tables 8001.15-C and or gas cabinets as set forth in Section 7404.2. 8001.15-D shall be in accordance with the outdoor storage provi- sions of Section 8003. 8001.15.2.6 Group R Occupancies. 8001.15.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the exempt 8001.15.2.6.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic amounts. Outdoor control areas are not required to be in accord- and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in ance with Section 8003 except as follows: Group R Occupancies. 1. Outdoor control area shall be kept free of weeds,debris and 8001.15.2.6.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. common combustible materials not necessary to the storage.The area surrounding an outdoor control area shall be kept clear of 8001.15.2.6.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall such materials for a minimum of 15 feet(4572 mm). not be stored or used within Group R Occupancies. 2. Outdoor control areas shall be located not closer than 20 feet 7 8001.15.2.6.3 Organic peroxides. Unclassified detonatable (6096 mm)of a property line that can be built upon,street,alley or and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used within public way. A two-hour fire-resistive wall without openings ex- Group R Occupancies. tending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of 8001.15.2.6.4 Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3 and 4 the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used within 3. Where a property exceeds 10,000 square feet (929 m2), a Group R Occupancies. group of two outdoor control areas is allowed when approved and when each control area is separated by a minimum distance of 8001.15.2.6.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- 50 feet(15 240 mm). inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet(7.08 m3) at NTP used for 4. Where a property exceeds.35,000 square feet (3252 m2), maintenance purposes or operation of equipment,flammable and additional groups of outdoor control areas are allowed when ap- oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in Group R Occupan- proved and when each group is separated by a minimum distance cies. of 300 feet(91 440 mm). The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- poses and operation of equipment shall not exceed the exempt 8001.16 Regulations for Specific Hazardous Materials in amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A. Quantities not Exceeding Exempt Amounts. 8001.15.2.7 Group U Occupancies. 8001.16.1 General. Hazardous materials stored, dispensed, used or handled in quantities not exceeding exempt amounts 8001.15.2.7.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sec- and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used tion 8001.16. within Group U Occupancies. 8001.16.2 Flammable gases. EXCEPTION:Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at NTP are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods. 8001.16.2.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems con- 8001.15.2.7.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. veying flammable gases shall be provided with emergency shutoff capability in accordance with Section 8004.1.12. 8001.15.2.7.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall 8001.16.2.2 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas not be stored or used in Group U Occupancies. containing flammable gases shall be controlled in accordance EXCEPTION:Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when with Section 8001.9. stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materi- als storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.10.6 and shall not NO SMOKING signs shall be posted in areas containing flam- contain other storage. mable gases in accordance with Section 8003.1.2. 1-208 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8001.16.2.3 8002.3 8001.16.2.3 Liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases 2.2 Flammable, in solution. Containers of liquefied flammable gases and flam- 2.3 Inert, mable gases in solution shall be positioned in accordance with Section 8004.1.13. 2.4 Oxidizing, 8001.16.3 Oxidizing gases. 2.5 Pyrophoric, 8001.16.3.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems con- 2.6 Simple asphyxiant, veying oxidizing gases shall be provided with emergency shutoff 2.7 Unstable(reactive),and capability in accordance with Section 8004.1.12. 2.8 Health hazards identified in Section 8002.2.2. 8001.16.3.2 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas 3. Flammable and combustible liquids regulated elsewhere in containing oxidizing gases shall be controlled in accordance with this code. Section 8001.9. 4. Flammable solids. 8001.16.4 Pyrophoric gases. 5. Organic peroxides. 8001.16.4.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems con- 6. Oxidizer solids and liquids. veying pyrophoric gases shall be provided with emergency shut- 7. Pyrophoric solids and liquids. off capability in accordance with Section 8004.1.12. 8. Unstable(reactive)solids and liquids. SECTION 8002—CLASSIFICATION BY HAZARD 9. Water-reactive solids and liquids. 8002.1 General. Hazardous materials shall be classified 10. Cryogenic fluids,regulated elsewhere in this code. according to hazard categories.The categories include materials 8002.2.2 Health hazards. The materials categories listed in this regulated by Article 80 and materials regulated elsewhere in this section are classified as health hazards.A material with a primary code. classification as a health hazard can also present a physical hazard. 8002.2 Hazard Categories. 1. Highly toxic and toxic materials,including highly toxic and 8002.2.1 Physical hazards. The materials categories listed in toxic compressed gases. this section are classified as physical hazards.A material with a 2• Radioactive materials. primary classification as a physical hazard can also present a 3. Corrosives. health hazard. 4. Carcinogens,irritants,sensitizers and other health hazards. 1. Explosives and blasting agents,regulated elsewhere in this code. 8002.3 Descriptions and Examples. For descriptions and ex- amples of materials included in hazard categories,see Appendix VI-A,except that refrigerants regulated under Article 63 shall be this code,as follows: classified in accordance with Table A-VI-F-1 if the refrigerant 2.1 Air, used is included in Table A-VI-F-1. 1-209 TABLE 8001.15-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 8001.15-A—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A PHYSICAL HAZARD MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA1 When two units are given,values within parentheses are in cubic feet(cu.ft.)or pounds(lbs.) (Apply table as specified in Section 8001.15.) CONDITION STORAGE2 USEZ--CLOSED SYSTEMS USE2—OPEN SYSTEMS Solid Lbs.3 Liquid Gallons3 Gas Solid Lbs. Liquid Gallons Gas Solid Lbs. Liquid Gallons (cubic feet) (pounds) Cubic Feet (cubic feet) (pounds) Cubic Feet (cubic feet) (pounds) x 0.4536 fork x 3.785 for L x 0.4536 for k x 3.785 for L x 0.4536 for kg� x 3.785 for L m Material Class x 0.0283 for � x 0.4536 for kg x 0.0283 for m3 x 0.0283 form x 0.4536 for kg x 0.0283 for m3 x 0.0283 for m x 0.4536 for kg 1.1 Combustible liquid4,5,6,7,8,9 — — — — — — — — — 1.2 Combustible fiber17 (loose) — (100) N.A. N.A. (100) N.A. N.A. (20) N.A. (baled) (1,000) N.A. N.A. (1,000) N.A. N.A. (200) N.A. 1.3 Cryogenic flammable or _ oxldizingl� N.A. 45 N.A. N.A. 45 N.A. N.A. 10 2.1 Explosives12,17 — 110,13 (1)10,13 N.A. 1/4 0/4) N.A. 1/4 (1/4) 3.1 Flammable solid17 — 1256,10 N.A. N.A. 14 N.A. N.A. 14 N.A. 3.2 Flammable gas17 (gaseous) — N.A. N.A. 7506,10 N.A. N.A. 7506,10 N.A. N.A. (liquefied) N.A. 156,10 N.A. N.A. 156,10 N.A. N.A. N.A. 3.3 Flammable liquid4,5,6,7,8,9 Combination I-A,I-13, — I-C4,5,6,7,8,9,15 4.1 Organic peroxide, unclassified detonatable — 110,12 (1)10,12 N.A. 1/412 (1/4)12 N.A. 1/412 (1/4)12 4.2 Organic peroxide 1 56,10 (5)6,10 N.A. 16 (1)6 N.A. 16 (1)6 II 506,10 (50)6,10 N.A. 506 (50)6 N.A. 106 (10)6 III 1256,10 (125)6,10 N.A. 1256 (125)6 N.A. 256 (25)6 IV 5006,10 (500)6,10 N.A. 5006 (500)6 N.A. 1006 (100)6 V N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. 4.3 Oxidizer 4 110,12 (1)10,12 N.A. 1/412 (1/4)12 N.A. 1/412 (1/4)12 316 106,10 (10)6,10 N.A. 26 (2)6 N.A. 26 (2)6 2 2506,10 (250)6,10 N.A. 2506 (250)6 N.A. 506 (50)6 1 4,0006,10 (4,000)6,10 N.A. 4,0006 (4,000)6 N.A. 1,0006 (1,000)6 4.4 Oxidizer—gas (gaseous)6,T0,17 — N.A. N.A. 1,500 N.A. N.A. 1,500 N.A. N.A. (liquefied)6,10,17 N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. N.A. 5.1 Pyrophoric17 — 410,12 (4)10,12 5010,12 112 (1)12 1010,12 0 0 6.1 Unstable(reactive)17 4 110,12 (1)10,12 1010,12 1/412 (1/4)12 210,12 1/412 (1/4)12 3 56,10 (5)6,10 506,10 16 (1)6 106,10 16 (1)6 I 2 506,10 (50)6,10 7506,10 506 (50)6 7506,10 106 (10)6 1 N.L. N.L. N.L.6,10 N.L. N.L. N.L. N.L. N.L. 7.1 Water reactive 3 56,10 (5)6,10 N.A. 56 (5)6 N.A. 16 (1)6 2 506,10 (50)6,10 N.A. 506 (50)6 N.A. 106 (10)6 1 1 12510,11 (125)10,11 N.A. 12511 (125)11 N.A. 2511 (25)11 N.A.—Not applicable. N.L.—Not limited. ]Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage.Quantities shall not exceed limits set forth in Section 8001.15.2. 3The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials within a single control area of Group M Occupan- cies used for retail sales may exceed the exempt amounts when such areas are in compliance with Section 8001.14. 417or flammable and combustible liquids,see Article 79.See also Section 8001.1.1,Exception 2. 5For aerosols,see Article 88. 6Quantities may be increased 100 percent in sprinklered buildings.When Footnote 10 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. 717or storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids in Groups A,B,E,F,H,I,M,R,S and U Occupancies,see also UBC Sections 303.8,304.8,305.8,306.8, 307.1.3-307.1.5,308.8,309.8,310.12,311.8 and 312.4. 8For wholesale and retail sales use,see Section 7902.5.10.2. 9Spray application of any quantity of flammable or combustible liquids shall be conducted as set forth in Article 45. 10Quantities may be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets,gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures as specified in Sections 8001.3.2, 8003.3.1.3.2 and 8003.3.1.3.3.When Footnote 6 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. 11The quantities permitted in a sprinklered building are not limited. 121'ermitted in sprinklered buildings only.None is allowed in unsprinklered buildings. 130ne pound(.454 kg)of black sporting powder and 20 pounds(9 kg)of smokeless powder are permitted in sprinklered or unsprinklered buildings. 14See definitions of Group H,Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies in Section 216. 15See Article 79. ' 16A maximum quantity of 200 pounds(90.7 kg)of solid or 20 gallons(75.7 L)of liquid Class 3 oxidizers is allowed when such materials are necessary for mainte- nance purposes,operation or sanitation of equipment.Storage containers and the manner of storage shall be approved. 17For any amount,see Articles 28,30,45,46,48,50,74,75,76,77 and 78 as applicable for the hazard category. 1-210 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8001.15-B TABLE 8001.15-B-EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A HEALTH HAZARD MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA1,2 When two units are given,values within parentheses are in pounds(lbs.) (Apply table as specified in Section 8001.15.) STORAGES USES--CLOSED SYSTEMS USES-OPEN SYSTEMS Liquid Gallons4,5,6 Gas Liquid Gallons5 Gas Liquid Gallons MATERIAL Solid Pounds4,6,6 (pounds) Cubic Feats Solid Pounds5 (pounds) Cubic Feet5 Solid Pounds (pounds) x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4536 for kg x 0.028for m3 x 0.4536 for kg k 0.4536 for kg x 0.028for m3 x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4536 for kg 1. Carcinogens7,8 10,0009 1,0009 8106,9 10,0009 1,0009 8106,9 5,00010 50010 ' 2. Corrosives 5,000 500 . 8106 5,000 500 8106 1,0005 1005 3. Highly toxicsI1 10 (10) 2012 10 (10) 2012 35 (3)5 I 4. Initants7 N.L. N.L. 8106,9 N.L. N.L. 8106.9 5,0009 5009 5., Radioactives13 Alpha emitters 2 mCi 2 mCi 0,2 mCi6 2 mCi 2 mCi 0.2 mCi 1 mci I mci (74 MBq) (74 MBq) (7.4 MBq) (74 MBq) (74 MBq) (7.4 MBq) (37 MBq) (37 MBq) Beta emitters 200 Ci 200 Ci 20 Ci6 200 Ci 200 Ci 20 Ci 100 Ci 100 Ci (7.4 x 106 (7.4 x 106 (7.4 x 105 (7.4 x 106 (7.4 x 106 (7.4 x 105 (3.7 x 106 (3.7 x 106 MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) Gamma 14 Ci 14 Ci 1.4 Ci6 14 Ci 14 Ci 1.4 Ci 0.1 Ci 0.1 Ci emitters (5.2 x 105 (5.2 x 105 (5.2 x 104 (5.2 x 105 (5.2 x 105 (5.2 x 104 (3700 MBq) (3700 MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) MBq) 6. Sensitizers7 N.L. N.L. 8106,9 N.L. N.L. 8106,9 5,0009 5009 7. Other health N.L. N.L. 8106.9 N.L. N.L. 8106.9 5,0009 5009 hazards7 8. Toxicsll 500 (500) 8106 500 (500) 81012 1255 (125)5 N.L.=Not Limited. lControl areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2See Section 8001.1.1,Exception 2. 3The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage.Quantities shall not exceed limits set forth in Sections 8001.15.2 and 8001.15.3. 4The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid health hazard materials within a single control area of Group M Occu- pancies used for retail sales may exceed the exempt amounts when such areas are in compliance with Section 8001.14. 5Quantities may be increased 100 percent in sprinklered buildings.When Footnote 6 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. 6Quantities may be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets,gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures as specified in Sections 8001.3.2, 8003.3.1.3.2 and 8003.3.1.3.3.When Footnote 5 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. 7Carcinogens,irritants,sensitizers and other health hazards do not include commonly used building materials and consumer products which are not otherwise regu- lated by this code. 8See also applicable federal and state OSHA guidelines. 9The quantities allowed in a sprinklered building are not limited when exhaust ventilation in accordance with Sections 8003.1.4,8004.1.11,8004.2.2.2 and 8004.2.3.3,as applicable to the material condition,is provided. 10The quantities allowed in a sprinklered building are not limited when exhaust ventilation in accordance with Sections 8003.1.4,8004.1.11,8004.2.2.2 and 8004.2.3.3 and spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Sections 8003.1.3,8004.1.4,8004.2.2.5 and 8004.2.3.6,as applicable to the material condition,is provided. I IFor special provisions,see Sections 8003.3,8003.12,8004.2.3.7 and 8004.3.6. 12Permitted only when located in approved gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or gas rooms.See Sections 8003.3.1.3.2,8003.3.1.3.3 and 8003.3.1.3.4. 131-icensed,sealed sources for instruments,calibration devices and equipment are exempt.Licensing requirements and determination of whether a source is sealed or nonsealed shall be as set forth in Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations. Individual containers shall not exceed a quantity of 2 mCi(7.4 x 107 becquerels)for alpha emitters,200 Ci(7.4 x 1017 becquerels)for beta emitters and 0.1 Ci (3.7 x 109 becquerels)for gamma emitters. Ci=curies,mCi=millicuries 1-211 TABLE 8001.15-C 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8001.15-D TABLE 8001.15-C-EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A PHYSICAL HAZARD-MAXIMUM QUANTITIES ALLOWED IN AN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA1,2,3 CONDITION STORAGE USE-CLOSED SYSTEM USE-OPEN SYSTEM Gas Gas Solid Liquid Gallons Cu.Ft. Solid Liquid Gallons Cu.Ft. Liquid Gallons Pounds (pounds) at NTP Pounds (pounds) at NTP Solid Pounds (pounds) x 3.785 for L x 0.0293 x 0.4536 for x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L Material Class x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4536 for kg for ins kg x 0.4536 for kg x 0.0283 for 0 x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4535 for kg Flammable gas Gaseous N.A. N.A. 750 N.A. N.A. 750 N.A. N.A. Liquefied N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. N.A. Flammable solid 125 N.A. N.A. 25 N.A. N.A. 25 N.A. Organic peroxide Unclassified 1 (1) N.A. 1/4 0/4) N.A. 1/4 0/4) Detonable Organic peroxide 1 5 (5) N.A. 1 (1) N.A. 1 (1) lI 50 (50) N.A. 50 (50) N.A. 10 (10) 111 125 (125) N.A. 125 (125) N.A. 25 (25) IV 500 (500) N.A. 500 (500) N.A. 100 (100) V N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. Oxidizer 4 1 (1) N.A. 1/4 0/4) N.A. 1/4 0/4) 3 10 (10) N.A. 2 (2) N.A. 2 (2) 2 250 (250) N.A. 250 (250) N.A. 50 (50) 1 4,000 (4,000) N.A. 4,000 (4,000) N.A. 1,000 (1,000) Oxidizer gas Gaseous N.A. N.A. 1,500 N.A. N.A. 1,500 N.A. N.A. Liquefied N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. N.A. Pyrophoric 4 4 50 j 1 (1) 10 0 0 Unstable 4 1 (1) 10 1/4 0/4) 2 1/4 0/4) (reactive) 3 5 (5) 50 1 (1) 10 1 1 2 50 (50) 250 50 (50) 250 10 10 1 N.L. N.L. 750 N.L. N.L. N.L. N.L. N.L. Water reactive 3 5 (5) N.A. 5 (5) N.A. 1 (1) 2 50 (50) N.A. 50 (50) N.A. 10 (10) 1 125 (125) N.A. 125 (125) N.A. 25 (25) N.A.-Not applicable. N.L.-No limit. 1 For gallons of liquids,divide the amount in pounds by 10. 2The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. 3The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the exempt amounts when such storage is in accordance with Sec- tion 8001.14. TABLE 8001.15-D-MATERIALS PRESENTING A HEALTH HAZARD- MAXIMUM QUANTITIES ALLOWED IN AN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA7.2,3 STORAGE USE-CLOSED SYSTEM USE-OPEN SYSTEM Liquid Gallons Gas Liquid Gallons Gas Liquid Gallons Solid Pounds (pounds) Cu.Ft.at NTP Solid Pounds (pounds) Cu.Ft.at NTP Solid Pounds (pounds) x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L MATERIAL x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4536 for kg x 0.0283 for m3 x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4536 for kg x 0.0293 for m3 x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4535 for kg Carcinogens 10,000 1,000 810 10,000 1,000 810 5,000 500 Corrosives 5,000 500 810 5,000 500 810 1,000 100 Highly toxics 1 (1) 204 1 (1) 204 1/4 (1/4) Irritants 10,000 1,000 810 10,000 1,000 810 5,000 500 Other health hazards 10,000 1,000 810 10,000 1,000 810 5,000 500 Radioactive5,6,7 Alpha emitters 2 mCi(74 MBa) 2 mCi(74 MBa) 2 mCi(74 MBa) 0 0 0 0 0 Beta emitterss 200 mCi(7.4 x 200 mCi(7.4 x 200 mCi(7.4 x 0 0 0 0 0 106 MBa) 106 MBa) 106 MBa) Gamma emitters 14 Ci(5.2 x 14 Ci(5.2 x 14 Ci(5.2 x 0 0 0 0 0 105 MBa) 105 MBa) 105 MBa) Sensitizers 10,000 1,000 810 10,000 1,000 810 5,000 500 Toxics 500 (500) 810 500 50 810 25 (25) IFor gallons of liquids,divide the amount in pounds by 10. 2The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. 3The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the exempt amounts when such storage is in accordance with Sec- tion 8001.14. 4Permitted only when used in approved exhausted gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or fume hoods. 517or licensed nonsealed sources,the maximum quantity allowed and the maximum quantity per container in outdoor storage per single property under the same ownership or control are as follows:alpha emitters,2 millicuries(7.4 x 107 becquerels);beta emitters,200 curies(7.4 x 1012 becquerels);for gamma emitters, the maximum quantity allowed is 14 curies(5.2 x 105 MBa)and the maximum quantity allowed per container is 0.1 curie(3.7 x 109 becquerels). 6Licensed,sealed sources in instruments,calibration devices and equipment are exempted. 7 mCi-millicuries. Ci-curies. 1-212 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003 8003.1.3.4 SECTION 8003—STORAGE The building,room or area shall contain or drain the hazardous materials and fire-protection water through the use of one of the 8003.1 General. following methods: 8003.1.1 Applicability. Storage of hazardous materials where 1.Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or the aggregate quantity is in excess of the exempt amounts set similar areas in outdoor locations, forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8001 2.Liquid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in out- and 8003. door locations provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or Storage of hazardous materials where the aggregate quantity dikes, does not exceed the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 3.Sumps and collection systems,or shall be in accordance with Section 8001. 4.Drainage systems leading to an approved location. For display and storage in retail and wholesale sales occupan- Incompatible materials shall be separated from each other in the + ties,see Section 8001.14. secondary containment system. 7 8003.1.2 Signs. Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in Secondary containment for indoor storage areas shall be storage areas and within 25 feet (7620 mm)of outdoor storage designed to contain a spill from the largest vessel plus the design areas. flow volume of fire-protection water calculated to discharge from the fire-extinguishing system over the minimum required system 8003.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment for hazard- design area or area of the room or area in which the storage is ous materials liquids and solids. located,whichever is smaller,for a period of 20 minutes. 8003.1.3.1 Applicability. Rooms, buildings or areas used for Secondary containment for outdoor storage areas shall be the storage of liquid or solid hazardous materials shall be provided designed to contain a spill from the largest individual vessel.If the with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with area is open to rainfall,secondary containment shall be designed Section 8003.1.3. to include the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as determined by a 25-year storm and provisions shall be made to drain accumula- EXCEPTION:Outdoor storage of containers on approved contain- tions of groundwater and rainwater. ment pallets in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.4. A monitoring method shall be provided to detect hazardous 8003.1.3.2 Spill control for hazardous materials liquids. materials in the secondary containment system. The monitoring Rooms,buildings or areas used for the storage of hazardous mate- method is allowed to be visual inspection of the primary or secon- rials liquids in individual vessels having a capacity of more than dary containment, or other approved means. Where secondary 55 gallons(208.2 L)or when the aggregate capacity of multiple containment is subject to the intrusion of water, a monitoring vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be provided with method for detecting water shall be provided. When monitoring spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. devices are provided,they shall be connected to distinct visual or Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor loca- audible alarms. tions shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the following methods: Drainage systems shall be in accordance with the Plumbing Code and the following: 1.Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations, 1.The slope of floors in indoor locations or similar areas in out- door locations to drains shall not be less than I percent, 2.Liquid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in out- 2.Drains from.in storage areas shall be sized to carry the door locations provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or volume of the fire-protection water as determined by the design dikes,or density discharged from the automatic fire-extinguishing system 3.Sumps and collection systems. over the minimum required system design area or area of the room Except for surfacing,the floors,sills,dikes,sumps and collet- or area in which the storage is located,whichever is smaller, tion systems shall be constructed of noncombustible material,and 3.Drains from outdoor storage areas shall be sized to catty the the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible with the material stored. volume of the fire flow and the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided,they are not required determined by a 25-year storm, at perimeter openings which are provided with an open-grate 4.Materials of construction for drainage systems shall be com- trench across the opening that connects to an approved collection patible with the materials stored, system. 5.Incompatible materials shall be separated from each other in 8003.1.3.3 Secondary containment for hazardous materials the drainage system,and liquids and solids. When required by Table 8003.1-A,buildings, 6. Drains shall terminate in an approved location away from rooms or areas used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids buildings,valves,means of egress,fire access roadways,adjoin- or solids shall be provided with secondary containment in accord- ing property and storm drains. ante with this section when the capacity of an individual vessel or the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds the following: 8003.1.3.4 Containment pallets. When used as a substitute for spill control and secondary containment for outdoor storage in Liquids: Capacity of an individual vessel exceeds 55 gal- accordance with the exception in Section 8003.1.3.1,containment Ions(208.2 L)or the aggregate capacity of multi-ple vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons(3785 Q. pallets shall comply with the following: Solids: Capacity of an individual vessel exceeds 550 1.A liquid-tight sump accessible for visual inspection shall be pounds (248.8 kg) or the aggregate capacity of provided, multiple vessels exceeds 10,000 pounds (4524.8 2.The sump shall be designed to contain not less than 66 gallons kg). (249.8 L), 1-213 8003.1.3.4 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.1.14 3. Exposed surfaces shall be compatible with material stored, 5. Pyrophoric gases. and 6. Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)materials. 4.Containment pallets shall be protected to prevent collection 7. Class 2 and 3 water-reactive solids and liquids. of rainwater within the sump. 8003.1.8 Standby power. When mechanical ventilation, treat- 8003.1.4 Ventilation. ment systems,temperature control,alarm,detection or other elec- 8003.1.4.1 General. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings trically operated systems are required, such systems shall be shall be provided with mechanical exhaust ventilation or natural connected to a secondary source of power to automatically supply ventilation where natural ventilation can be shown to be accept- electrical power in the event of loss of power from the primary able for the materials as stored. source.See the Electrical Code. EXCEPTION:Storage areas for: EXCEPTION:Storage areas for flammable solids. See also Article 76. 1.Class I and 2 oxidizers. 2.Class III,IV and V organic peroxides. 8003.1.4.2 System requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems g003.1.9 Limit controls. shall comply with all of the following: 1. Installation shall be in accordance with the Mechanical 8003.1.9.1 General. Limit controls shall be provided in accord- Code, ance with Section 8003.1.9. 2. Mechanical ventilation shall be at a rate of not less than 1 cu- 8003.1.9.2 Temperature control. Materials which must be bic foot per minute per square foot(5.1 Us per m2)of floor area stored at temperatures other than normal ambient temperatures to over the storage area, prevent a hazardous reaction shall be stored in an area provided 3. Systems shall operate continuously unless alternate designs with a means to maintain the temperature within a safe range.Be- are approved, dundant temperature control equipment which will operate upon 4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside of the failure of the primary temperature control system shall be pro- room in a position adjacent to the access door to the room or in an vided.Alternate means which prevent a hazardous reaction are al- approved location.The switch shall be of the break-glass type and lowed. shall be labeled VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY 8003.1.9.3 Pressure control. Stationary tanks used for the stor- SHUTOFF, age of hazardous materials liquids which can generate pressures L A EXCEPTION. [For SFM]When exhaust systems conveying ex- exceeding the tank design limits due to exposure fires or internal L C Plosive,corrosive,combustible,flammable or highly toxic dusts,mists, reaction shall have some form of construction or device that will L C fumes, vapors or gases are 100 percent exhausted to the outside,an relieve excessive internal pressure.Such relief devices shall vent t. C emergency ventilation system shutoff is not required. to an approved location or to an exhaust scrubber or treatment sys- 5. Exhaust ventilation shall be arranged to consider the density tem when specified in Sections 8003.2 through 8003.15. of the potential fumes or vapors released.For fumes or vapors that 8003.1.10 Emergency alarm. An approved emergency alarm are heavier than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches(304.8 mm)of the floor, system shall be provided in buildings,rooms or areas used for stor- age of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices 6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit-access door of be arranged to provide air movement across all portions of the storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors,and alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants 7. Exhaust ventilation shall not be recirculated within the room of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials. or building if the materials stored are capable of emitting hazard- 8003.1.11 Supervision. Emergency alarm,detection and auto- ous vapors. matic fire-extinguishing systems required by Section 8003 shall 8003.1.5 Separation of incompatible hazardous materi- be supervised by an approved central,proprietary or remote sta- + als. See Section 8001.11.8. tion service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a con- ? 8003.1.E Fire-extinguishing systems. Indoor storage areas and stantly attended on-site location. storage buildings shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler sys- 8003.1.12 Clearance from combustibles. The area surround- tem.The design of the sprinkler system shall not be less than that ing an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of combus- required by the Building Code for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 with a tible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet minimum design area of 3,000 square feet(278.7 m2).See UBC (9144 mm). Standard 9-1. Where the materials or storage arrangement re- 8003.1.13 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors quires a higher level of sprinkler system protection in accordance of storage areas shall be of noncombustible construction. with nationally recognized standards,the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided. 8003.1.14 Weather protection. When overhead noncombus- tible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous EXCEPTION: Approved alternate automatic fire-extinguishing material storage areas,such storage shall not be considered indoor systems are allowed. storage when all of the following conditions are met: 8003.1.7 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and EXCEPTION:Storage of explosive, detonatable or pyrophoric buildings containing the following materials shall be provided materials shall be considered as indoor storage. with explosion control in accordance with the Building Code: 1. Supports shall be of noncombustible construction, 1. Highly toxic flammable or toxic flammable gases when not 2. Supports and walls shall not obstruct more than 25 percent of stored in gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or gas rooms (see the perimeter of the storage area,and Section 8001.10). 2. Combustible dusts.See Article 76. 3. The distance to buildings,property lines,streets,alleys,pub- lic ways or means of egress to a public way shall not be less than 3. Class 4 oxidizers. the distance required for an outdoor hazardous material storage 4. Unclassified detonatable and Class I organic peroxides. area without weather protection. 1-214 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8003.1.15 TABLE 8003.1-A B 8003.1.15 Required detached storage. Group H Occupancies B containing quantities of hazardous materials in excess of those set B forth in Table 8003.1-B shall be in buildings used for no other pur- B pose, shall not exceed one story in height and shall be without B basements,crawl spaces or other under-floor spaces. TABLE 8003.1-A—REQUIRED SECONDARY CONTAINMENT—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS STORAGE INDOOR STORAGE OUTDOOR STORAGE MATERIAL Solids Liquids Solids Liquids 1.Physical Hazard Materials Combustible dusts NR NA NR NA Combustible liquids Class II NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class 111-A NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class III-B NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Cryogenic liquids NA See Article 75 NA See Article 75 Explosives See Article 77 See Article 77 Flammable liquids Class I-A NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class I-B NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class I-C NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Flammable solids NR NA NR NA Organic peroxides Class UD R R NR NR Class I R R NR NR Class II R R NR NR Class III R R NR NR Class IV R R NR NR Class V NR NR NR NR Oxidizers Class 4 R R NR NR Class 3 R R NR NR Class 2 R R NR NR Class 1 R R NR NR Pyrophorics NR R NR R Unstable(reactives) Class 4 R R R R Class 3 R R R R Class 2 R R R R Class 1 NR NR R R Water reactives Class 3 R R R R Class 2 R R R R Class 1 NR NR R R 2.Health Hazard Materials Carcinogens NR NR NR R Corrosives NR R NR R Highly toxics R R R R Irritants NR NR NR R Other health hazards NR NR NR R Radioactives R R R R Sensitizers NR NR NR R Toxics R R R R NA=Not Applicable NR=Not Required R=Required UD=Unclassified Detonatable 1-215 TABLE 8003.1-B 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8003.2-8003.3.1.3.5.3 B TABLE 8003.1-13-REQUIRED DETACHED STORAGE(See Section 8003.1.15) s B DETACHED STORAGE IS REQUIRED WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS THAT LISTED B BSolids and Liquids(tons)t,z Gases(cubic feet)1.2 B B Material x 907.2 for kg x 0.0283 for m3 B B1. Explosives,blasting agents,black powder,fireworks,detonatable Over exempt amounts Over exempt amounts B organic peroxides B 2. Class 4 oxidizers BB 3. Class 3 or 4 detonatable unstable(reactives) B 4. Oxidizers,liquids and solids Class 3 1,200 N.A. B Class 2 2,000 N.A. B5. Organic peroxides Class I Over exempt amounts N.A. B 25 B Class II 50 N.A. B Class III N.A. B B6. Unstable(reactives) Class 4 1/1,000 20 B Class 3 1 2,000 B Class 2 25 10,000 B B 7. Water reactives Class 3 1 N.A. B Class 2 25 N.A. B B 8. Pyrophoric gases N.A. 2,000 B B N.A.-Not applicable. BIFor materials which are detonatable,the distance to other buildings or property lines shall be as specified in the Building Code.(See UBC Tables 3-17;3-G,Footnote B 1;and 5-A.) B 2"Over exempt amounts"means over the quantities set forth in Table 8001.15-A. 8003.2 Explosives and Blasting Agents. Storage of explosives 2. Be provided with self-closing limited access ports or non- and blasting agents shall be in accordance with Article 77.Storage combustible windows to give access to equipment controls.The of fireworks shall be in accordance with Article 78. average velocity at the face of access ports or windows shall not be Storage of explosives,blasting agents,black powder and fire- less than 200 feet per minute(1.02 m/s)with a minimum of 150 works shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section feet per minute(0.76 m/s)at any point of the access port or win- 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. dow, 3. Be connected to an exhaust system, 8003.3 Toxic and Highly Toxic Compressed Gases. 4. Be provided with self-closing doors,and 8003.3.1 Indoor storage. 5. Be constructed of not less than 0.097-inch (2.46 mm) (12 8003.3.1.1 General. Indoor storage of toxic and highly toxic gage)steel. compressed gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set 8003.3.1.3.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections shall be designed to: 8003.1,8003.3.1 and 8003.3.3. 1. Operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding 8003.3.1.2 Fire-extinguishing system. In addition to Section area,and 8003.1.6,the following requirements shall apply: 2. Provide an average velocity at the face of the enclosure of not less than 200 feet per minute(1.02 m/s)with a minimum of 150 1. Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms for the feet per minute(0.76 m/s)at any point. storage of cylinders shall be internally sprinklered,and 8003.3.1.3.4 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall be designed to: 2. Alternate fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used for storage areas,gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. 1. Operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area,and 8003.3.1.3 Ventilation and storage arrangement. 2. Direct the exhaust ventilation to an exhaust system. 8003.3.1.3.1 Ventilated area. Cylinders shall be stored within 8003.3.1.3.5 Treatment systems. gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. 8003.3.1.3.5.1 General. Treatment systems shall be utilized to EXCEPTION:Toxic gas cylinders having an aggregate capacity handle the accidental release of gas.Treatment systems shall be not exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Table 8001.15-B when utilized to process all exhaust ventilation to be discharged from Footnote 6 is not applied. gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures and gas rooms. Portable and stationary tanks shall be stored within gas rooms or exhausted enclosures.The room or area in which gas cabinets or 8003.3.1.3.5.2 Design. Treatment systems shall be capable of exhausted enclosures are located shall be provided with exhaust diluting, adsorbing, absorbing,containing,neutralizing,burning Iventilation.Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall not be used or otherwise processing the entire contents of the largest single as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area. tank or cylinder of gas stored or used.When a total containment system is utilized,the system shall be designed to handle the maxi- 8003.3.1.3.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall comply with all mum anticipated pressure of release to the system when it reaches of the following: equilibrium. 1. Operate at negative pressure in relation to the surrounding 8003.3.1.3.5.3 Performance. Treatment systems shall be de- area, signed to reduce the maximum allowable discharge concentration 1-216 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8003.3.1.3.5.3 8003.3.2.4 of the gas to one-half IDLH at the point of discharge to the atmo- The gas-detection system shall be capable of monitoring the sphere.When more than one gas is emitted to the treatment sys- room or area in which the gas is stored at or below the permissible tem, the treatment system shall be designed to handle the exposure limit or ceiling limit and the discharge from the treat- worst-case release based on the release rate,the quantity and the ment system at or below one-half the IDLH limit. IDLH for all the gases stored or used. 8003.3.1.7 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smoke- 8003.3.1.3.5.4 Sizing. Treatment systems shall be sized to pro- detection system shall be provided in rooms or areas where highly cess the maximum worst-case release of gas based on the maxi- toxic compressed gases are stored indoors. Activation of the mum flow rate of release from the largest cylinder or tank utilized. detection systems shall sound a local alarm. The entire contents of tanks and cylinders shall be considered. 8003.3.1.8 Maximum number of cylinders per gas cabi- 8003.3.1.3.5.5 Stationary tanks. Stationary tanks shall be la- net. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas cabinet beled with the maximum rate of release for the gas contained shall not exceed three. based on valves or fittings that are inserted directly into the tank.If EXCEPTION: Cabinets containing cylinders not exceeding multiple valves or fittings are provided,the maximum flow rate of 1 pound(0.4536 kg)net contents each shall be limited to a maximum release for the valve or fitting with the highest flow rate shall be of 100 cylinders. indicated. If liquefied gases are in contact with valves or fittings, 8003.3.2 Outdoor storage. the liquid flow rate shall be utilized for purposes of computation. Flow rates indicated on the label shall be converted to cubic feet 8003.3.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of highly toxic or toxic per minute(L/s)of gas at normal temperature and pressure. compressed gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.3.1.3.5.6 Portable tanks and cylinders. For portable 8003.1,8003.3.2 and 8003.3.3. tanks and cylinders,the maximum flow rate of release shall be cal- culated based on assuming the total release from the cylinder or 8003.3.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. tank within the time specified in Table 8003.3-A.When portable 8003.3.2.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of highly toxic or toxic tanks or cylinders are equipped with approved excess flow or re- compressed gases shall comply with the Building Code and Sec- duced flow valves,the worst-case release shall be determined by tion 8003.3.2.2. the maximum achievable flow from the valve as determined by the valve manufacturer or the gas supplier. Reduced flow and ex- 8003.3.2.2.2 Distance limitation to exposures. Outdoor stor- cess flow valves shall be permanently marked by the manufactur- age of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall not be within er to indicate the maximum design flow rate.Such markings shall 75 feet (22 860 mm) of a building, property line, street, alley, indicate the flow rate for air under standard conditions. public way or means of egress to a public way unless the storage is shielded by a structure having a minimum fire-resistive rating of two hours and which interrupts the line of sight between the TABLE 8003.3-A—RATE OF RELEASE FOR CYLINDERS storage and the exposure.The protective structure shall be at least AND PORTABLE TANKS 5 feet(1524 mm)from exposures.The protective structure shall CONTAINER NONLIOUEFIED(minutes) LIQUEFIED(minutes) not have more than two sides at approximately 90-degree direc- Cylinders 5 30 tions,or three sides with connecting angles of approximately 135 Portable tanks 40 240 degrees. EXCEPTION:Gases in gas cabinets complying with Section 8003.3.1.3.2 and located 5 feet(1524 mm)or more from buildings and 8003.3.1.4 Emergency power. Emergency power shall be pro- 25 feet(7620 mm)from means of egress.Section 8003.3.2.2.3 shall not vided in lieu of standby power for: apply. 1. Exhaust ventilation, including the power supply for treat- 8003.3.2.2.3 Openings in exposed buildings. When the storage ment systems, area is located closer than 75 feet(22 860 mm)to a building,open- ings into a building other than piping shall not be above the height 2. Gas-detection systems, of the top of the shielding structure or within 50 feet(15 240 mm) 3. Emergency alarm systems,and horizontally from the storage area whether or not shielded by a 4. Temperature-control systems. protective structure. 8003.3.2.2.4 Air intakes. The storage area shall not be within 8003.3.1.5 Limit controls. In addition to the limit controls re- 75 feet(22 860 mm)of air intakes. quired by Section 8003.1.9,excess flow control shall be provided for stationary tanks which are piped for filling or dispensing. 8003.3.2.3 Canopies. Portable tanks and cylinders stored out- side of buildings shall be stored under a canopy of noncombustible 8003.3.1.6 Gas detection. A continuous gas-detection system construction. Such storage shall not be considered indoor storage. shall be provided to detect the presence of gas at or below the per- See also Section 8003.1.14. missible exposure limit or ceiling limit. The detection system An automatic fire-sprinkler system shall be provided for cano- shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to a constantly at- tended control station.The alarm shall be both visual and audible pies used for storage of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases. and shall be designed to provide warning both inside and outside 8003.3.2.4 Piping and controls. In addition to the requirements of the storage area.The audible alarm shall be distinct from all oth- of Section 8001.4.3,piping and controls on stationary tanks shall er alarms. be in accordance with all of the following: EXCEPTIONS: 1. Signal transmission to a constantly attended 1. Pressure-relief devices shall be vented to a treatment system control station need not be provided when not more than one cylinder designed in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.5, is stored. 2.A continuous gas-detection system need not be provided for toxic 2. Where filling or dispensing connections are provided,they gases when the physiological warning properties for the gas are at a shall have a means of local exhaust. Such exhaust shall be de- level below the accepted permissible exposure limit for the gas. signed to capture fumes and vapors.The exhaust shall be directed 1-217 8003.3.2.4—8003.5.2.4 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 8003.5-A to a treatment system designed in accordance with Section 8003.4 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. Storage of 8003.3.1.3.5,and flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with 3. Stationary tanks shall be provided with a means of excess Article 79. flow control on tank inlet and outlet connections. 8003.5 Flammable Solids and Flammable Gases. EXCEPTIONS: 1.Inlet connections that are designed to preclude 8003.5.1 Indoor storage. backflow. 2.Pressure-relief devices. 8003.5.1.1 General. Indoor storage of flammable solids and 8003.3.3 Special provisions. flammable gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.3.3.1 Seismic protection. Stationary tanks and associated 8003.1 and 8003.5.1.Storage of combustible fibers shall be in ac- piping systems shall be seismically braced in accordance with the cordance with Article 28.See also Section 8001.16.2 for storage Building Code. of flammable gases in quantities not exceeding exempt amounts. 8003.3.3.2 Security. See Section 8001.11.2. 8003.5.1.2 Pile size limits and location for solids. Flammable solids stored in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 In) 8003.3.3.3 Leaking cylinders. One or more gas cabinets or shall be separated into piles each not larger than 1,000 cubic feet exhausted enclosures shall be provided to handle leaking (28.3 m3). Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than the cylinders. height of the piles or 4 feet(1219 mm),whichever is greater. EXCEPTION:A cabinet or exhausted enclosure need not be pro- vided for leaking cylinders if: Flammable solids shall not be stored in basements. 1.All cylinders are stored within gas cabinets or exhausted enclo- 8003.5.1.3 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing sures,or equipment located in flammable gas storage areas shall be 2.Approved containment vessels are provided in accordance with grounded. all of the following: 2.1 Containment vessels shall be capable of fully containing a 8003.5.2 Outdoor storage. release, 2.2 Trained personnel shall be available at an approved location, 8003.5.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of flammable solids and and flammable gases in amounts exceeding exempt amounts set forth 2.3 Containment vessels shall be capable of being transported to in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 the leaking cylinder. and 8003.5.2.Storage of combustible fibers shall be in accordance Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be located as with Article 28. follows: 8003.5.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor stor- 1. Within or adjacent to outdoor storage areas,or age of flammable solids shall not be located within 20 feet(6096 mm) of any building, property line, street, alley, public way, or 2. Within gas rooms. means of egress to a public way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resis- Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be connected to an live wall extending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to exhaust system.See Section 8003.3.1.3.5. the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. 8003.3.3.4 Local exhaust for leaking portable tanks. A means Outdoor storage of flammable gases shall be in accordance with of local exhaust shall be provided to capture leaks from portable Table 8003.5-A. tanks.Portable ducts or collection systems designed to be applied 8003.5.2.3 Pile size limits for solids. Outdoor storage of flam- to the site of a leak in a valve or fitting on the tank are acceptable. mable solids shall be separated into piles not larger than 5,000 cu- The local exhaust system shall be connected to a treatment system bic feet(141 m)each.Aisle widths between piles shall not be less as specified in Section 8003.3.1.3.5. The local exhaust system than one-half the height of the piles or 10 feet(3048 mm),which- shall be provided: ever is greater. 1. Within or immediately adjacent to outdoor storage areas,or 8003.5.2.4 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing 2. Within gas rooms used for portable or stationary tanks. equipment in flammable gas storage areas shall be grounded. TABLE 8003.5-A—FLAMMABLE COMPRESSED GASES— DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO EXPOSURES1 MINIMUM DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS, STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR MAXIMUM AMOUNT PER STORAGE AREA PROPERTY LINES THAT CAN BE MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN STORAGE (cubic feet) BUILT ON(feet) AREAS(feet) x 0.0283 for m3 x 304.8 for mm 0-4,225 5 5 4,226-21,125 10 10 21,126-50,700 15 10 50,701-84,500 20 10 84,501 or greater 25 20 tThe distances can be reduced to 5 feet(1524 mm)when protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of two hours interrupt the line of sight between the container and the exposure.The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet(1524 mm) from the exposure.The configuration of the protective structure shall allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations. 1-218 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8003.6—8003.6.2.3.2 TABLE 8003.E-A,TABLE 8003.E-B 8003.6 Oxidizers. Class 2 oxidizers shall not be stored in basements except when such storage is in stationary tanks.Class 3 and 4 oxidizers in ex- 8003.6.1 Indoor storage. cess of the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be 8003.6.1.1 General. Indoor storage of oxidizers in amounts stored on the ground floor only. exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall 8003.6.1.8 Separation of Class 4 oxidizers from other materi- be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.6.1.Retail dis- als. In addition to Section 8001.11.8,Class 4 oxidizer liquids and play of oxidizers shall be in accordance with Section 8001.14. solids shall be separated from other hazardous materials by not See also Section 8001.16.3 for storage of oxidizing gases in less than one-hour fire-resistive construction or stored in quantities not exceeding exempt amounts. hazardous materials storage cabinets. See Section 8001.10.6. Detached storage buildings for Class 4 oxidizer liquids and sol- 8003.6.1.2 Detached storage. Storage of liquid and solid oxi- ids shall be located a minimum of 50 feet(15 240 mm)from other dizers shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section hazardous materials storage. 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. 8003.6.1.9 Contamination. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall not 8003.6.1.3 Distance from detached storage buildings to.expo- be stored on or against combustible surfaces.During storage,care sures. In addition to the requirements of the Building Code,de- shall be taken to prevent contamination. tached storage buildings shall be located in accordance with Tables 8003.E-A and 8003.E-B. 8003.6.1.10 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment in oxidizer gas storage areas shall be grounded. 8003.6.1.4 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13, 8003.6.2 Outdoor storage. floors of storage areas for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be of liq- uid-tight construction. 8003.6.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of oxidizers in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall 8003.6.1.5 Smoke and heat venting. Smoke and heat venting be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.6.2. shall be provided.The design criteria shall be as set forth in the Building Code. 8003.6.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. 8003.6.1.6 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smoke- 8003.6.2.2.1 Solids and liquids. Storage areas for liquid and detection system shall be installed in liquid and solid oxidizer solid oxidizers shall be located in accordance with Tables storage areas. Activation of the detection systems shall sound a 8003.6-A and 8003.6-B. local alarm. 8003.6.2.2.2 Gases. Storage areas for oxidizer gases shall be in EXCEPTION: A smoke-detection system need not be provided in accordance with Table 8003.E-G. detached storage buildings protected by an automatic fire-extinguish- ing system. 8003.6.2.3 Storage conditions. 8003.6.1.7 Storage conditions. The maximum quantities per 8003.6.2.3.1 Solids and liquids. Storage arrangement for liquid building in detached storage buildings shall not exceed those set and solid oxidizers shall be in accordance with Tables 8003.6-C forth in Tables 8003.6-C through 8003.6-F. through 8003.6-F. The storage arrangement for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be 8003.6.2.3.2 Gases. Storage arrangement for oxidizer gases as set forth in Tables 8003.6-C through 8003.6-F. shall be in accordance with Table 8003.6-G. TABLE 8003.6-A—CLASS 1,2 AND 3 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS— SEPARATION OF DETACHED AND OUTDOOR STORAGE FROM OTHER BUILDINGS,PROPERTY LINES, STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS TO A PUBLIC WAY MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) OXIDIZER CLASS x 304.8 for mm 1 N.R. 2 35 3 50 N.R.=not required. TABLE 8003.E-B—CLASS 4 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS— SEPARATION OF DETACHED AND OUTDOOR STORAGE FROM OTHER BUILDINGS,PROPERTY LINES, STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS TO A PUBLIC WAY WEIGHT(pounds) MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) x 0.4536 for kg x 304.8 for mm Over 10 to 100 75 ,101 to 500 100 501 to 1,000 125 1,001 to 3,000 200 3,001 to 5,000 300 5,001 to 10,000 400 Over 10,000 As determined by the chief 1-219 TABLE 8003.6-C 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 8003.E-G TABLE 8003.6-C—STORAGE OF CLASS 1 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS IN COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERSI LIMITS(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum length No limit Maximum width 50 Maximum height 20 Minimum distance to next pile 3 Minimum distance to walls 2 Maximum quantity per building No limit tStorage in noncombustible containers or in bulk in detached storage buildings is not limited as to quantity or arrangement. TABLE 8003.6-D—STORAGE OF CLASS 2 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS1,2,3 LIMITS x 304.8 for mm x 0.907185 for metric ton CONDITION Segregated Cut Off Detached Piles Maximum height(feet) 10 12 12 Minimum distance to next pile(feet) Footnote 2 Footnote 2 Footnote 2 Minimum distance to walls(feet) 2 2 2 Maximum quantity per pile(tons) 20 50 200 Maximum quantity per building(tons) 200 500 No limit t Storage in noncombustible containers is not limited as to quantity or arrangement,except that piles shall be at least 2 feet (609.6 mm)from walls in sprinklered buildings and 4 feet(1219 mm)from walls in nonsprinklered buildings;the distance between piles shall not be less than the pile height. ZAisle width shall not be less than the pile height. 3Quantity limits shall be reduced by 50 percent in buildings or portions of buildings used for retail sales. TABLE 8003.6-E—STORAGE OF CLASS 3 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDSI,2 LIMITS x 304.8 for mm x 0.4536 for kg CONDITION Segregated Cut Off Detached Piles Maximum height(feet) 8 10 10 Minimum distance to next pile(feet) Footnote 3 Footnote 3 Footnote 3 Minimum distance to walls(feet) 4 4 4 Maximum quantity per pile(tons) 20 30 150 Maximum quantity per building(tons) 100 300 No limit IExcept in buildings used for retail sales,quantity limits per pile and per building are allowed to be doubled where Class 3 oxidizers are in noncombustible containers. 2Quantity limits per pile and per building shall be reduced by 50 percent in buildings or portions of buildings used for retail sales. 3Aisle width shall not be less than the pile height. TABLE 8003.E-F—STORAGE OF CLASS 4 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS LIMIT(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum length 10 Maximum width 4 Maximum height 8 Minimum distance to next pile 8 Maximum quantity per building No limit TABLE 8003.6-G—OXIDIZING GASES—DISTANCE FROM USE TO EXPOSURESI QUANTITY OF GAS STORED DISTANCE TO A BUILDING OR PUBLIC WAY OR DISTANCE BETWEEN (cubic feet at NTP) PROPERTY LINE THAT CAN BE BUILT ON(feet) STORAGE AREAS(feet) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm 0-50,000 5 5 50,001-100,000 10 10 100,001 or greater 15 10 tThe distances do not apply when protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of two hours interrupt the line of sight between the storage container and the exposure.The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet(1524 mm)from the exposure.The configuration of the protective structure shall allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of haz- ardous gas concentrations. 1-220 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8003.7—8003.7.2.5 TABLE 8003.7-A 8003.7 Organic Peroxides. 1. Containers and packages in storage areas shall be closed, 8003.7.1 Indoor storage. 2. Bulk storage shall not be in piles or bins, ' 8003.7.1.1 General. Indoor storage of organic peroxides in 3. A minimum 2-foot(609.6 mm) clear space shall be main- amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section tained between storage and uninsulated metal walls,and 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 4. Fifty-five-gallon (208.2 L)drums shall not be stored more 8003.7.1. than one drum high. Unclassified detonatable organic peroxides that are capable of detonation in their normal shipping containers under conditions of 8003.7.1.8.3 Location in building. The storage of Classes I and fire exposure shall be stored in accordance with Article 77 as II organic peroxides shall be on the ground floor.Class III organic required for high explosives. peroxides shall not be stored in basements. 8003.7.1.2 Detached storage. Storage of organic peroxides 8003.7.1.9 Contamination. Organic peroxides shall be stored shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section in their original DOT shipping containers. During storage, care 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. shall be taken to prevent contamination. 8003.7.1.3 Distance from detached storage buildings to expo- 8003.7.2 Outdoor storage. sures. In addition to the requirements of the Building Code,de- tached storage buildings shall be located in accordance with 8003.7.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of organic peroxides in Tables 8003.7-A and 8003.7-B. amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8003.7.1.4 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13, 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction. 8003.7.2. 8003.7.1.5 Smoke and heat venting. Smoke and heat venting EXCEPTION: Unclassified detonatable organic peroxides that are capable of detonation in their normal shipping containers under fire shall be provided.The design criteria shall be as set forth in the conditions shall be stored in accordance with Article 77 as required for Building Code. high explosives. 8003.7.1.6 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to 8003.7.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Storage areas Section 8001.11.4, electrical wiring and equipment in storage for organic peroxides shall be located in accordance with Tables areas for Class I or II organic peroxides shall comply with the re- 8003.7-A and 8003.7-B. quirements for electrical Class I,Division 2 locations. 8003.7.2.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to 8003.7.1.7 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smoke- Section 8001.11.4, electrical wiring and equipment in outdoor detection system shall be provided in rooms or areas where Class storage areas containing Class I,II or III organic peroxides shall I,11,III or IV organic peroxides are stored.Activation of the detec- comply with the requirements for electrical Class 1, Division 2 tion system shall sound a local alarm. locations. EXCEPTION: A smoke-detection system need not be provided in detached storage buildings protected by an automatic fire-extinguish- 8003.7.2.4 Storage conditions. ing system. 8003.7.1.8 Storage conditions. 8003.7.2.4.1 Maximum quantities. Maximum quantities of organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Tables 8003.7-A 8003.7.1.8.1 Maximum quantities. Maximum quantity per and 8003.7-B. building in a mixed-occupancy building shall not exceed the amounts set forth in Table 8003.1-B. Maximum quantity per 8003.7.2.4.2 Storage arrangement. Storage arrangement shall building in a detached storage building shall not exceed the be in accordance with Tables 8003.7-C,8003.7-D and 8003.7-E. amounts specified in Tables 8003.7-A and 8003.7-B. 8003.7.2.5 Separation. In addition to Section 8001.11.8, stor- 8003.7.1.8.2 Storage arrangement. Storage arrangement for age areas for organic peroxides exceeding the amounts specified organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Tables 8003.7-C in Table 8003.1-B shall be located a minimum distance of 50 feet through 8003.7-E and shall comply with all of the following: (15 240 mm)from other hazardous material storage. TABLE 8003.7-A—SEPARATION OF DETACHED AND OUTDOOR STORAGE FROM OTHER BUILDINGS, PROPERTY LINES,STREETS,ALLEYS, PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS TO A PUBLIC WAY MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTITY(pounds) AT MINIMUM SEPARATION ORGANIC PEROXIDE x 0.4536 for kg CLASSI 50 Feet(15 240 mm) 20 Feet(30 480 mm) 150 Feet(45 720 mm) I 2,000 20,000 175,000 11 100,000 200,000 No limit III 1200,000 No limit No limit [Classes IV and V,no requirement. 1-221 TABLE 8003.7-B 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 8003.8-A TABLE 8003.7-13—SEPARATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL DETACHED STORAGE BUILDINGS OR AREAS MAXIMUM STORAGE OUANTITY(pounds) AT MINIMUM SEPARATION x 0.4536 for kg ORGANIC PEROXIDE CLASS1 20 Feet(6096 rum) 75 Feet(22 860 mm) 100 Feet(30 480 mm) I 2,000 20,000 175,000 II and III Footnote 2 1Class IV and V,no requirement. 2When the amount of organic peroxide stored does not exceed the amount indicated in Table 8003.7-A,minimum separation shall be 20 feet(6096 mm).When the amount of organic peroxide stored exceeds the amount indicated in Table 8003.7-A, minimum separation shall be 50 feet(15 240 mm). TABLE 8003.7-C—STORAGE OF CLASS I ORGANIC PEROXIDES LIMITS(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum width 6 Maximum height 8 Minimum distance to next pile 41 Minimum distance to walls 42 Maximum quantity per building Footnote 3 1At least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet(2438.4 mm)shall divide the storage area. 213istance to noncombustible walls is allowed to be reduced to 2 feet(609.6 mm). 3See Section 8003.1.15 and Tables 8003.7-A and 8003.7-13 for maximum quantities. TABLE 8003.7-D—STORAGE OF CLASS II AND III ORGANIC PEROXIDES LIMITS(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum width 10 Maximum height 8 Minimum distance to next pile 41 Minimum distance to walls 42 Maximum quantity per building Footnote 3 1At least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet(2438.4 mm)shall divide the storage area. 213istance to noncombustible walls is allowed to be reduced to 2 feet(609.6 mm). 3See Section 8003.1.15 and Tables 8003.7-A and 8003.7-B for maximum quantities. TABLE 8003.7-E—STORAGE OF CLASS IV ORGANIC PEROXIDES LIMITS(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum width 16 Maximum height 10 Minimum distance to next pile 31,2 Minimum distance to walls 4 1At least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet(2438.4 mm)shall divide the storage area. 2Distance shall not be less than one-half the pile height. TABLE 8003.8-A—PYROPHORIC GASES—DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO EXPOSURESI MINIMUM DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS MINIMUM DISTANCE MINIMUM DISTANCE ON THE SAME PROPERTY MAXIMUM AMOUNT MINIMUM DISTANCE TO PROPERTY LINES TO STREETS,ALLEYS Nonrated or Two-hour and No Four-hour and No PER STORAGE AREA BETWEEN STORAGE THAT CAN BE BUILT OR PUBLIC WAYS Openings within Openings within 25 Openings within 25 (cubic feet) AREAS(feet) UPON feet feet 25 feet(7620 mm) feet(7620 mm) feet(7620 mm) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm 250 5 25 5 5 0 0 2,500 10 50 10 10 5 0 7,500 20 100 20 20 10 0 1The distances can be reduced to 5 feet(1524 mm)when protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of two hours interrupt the line of sight between the container and the exposure.The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet(1524 mm)from the exposure.The configuration of the protective structure shall allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations. 1 222 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8003.8 8003.10.1.1 8003.8 Pyrophoric Materials. from other hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Article 8003.8.1 Indoor storage. 79 as required for Class I-B flammable liquids. 8003.9 Unstable(Reactive)Materials. 8003.8.1.1 General. Indoor storage of pyrophoric solids, liq- uids and gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth 8003.9.1 Indoor storage. in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 8003.9.1.1 General. Indoor storage of unstable(reactive)mate- and 8003.8.1.See also Section 8001.16.4. rials in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in ' Indoor storage of silane and mixtures of silane 2 percent or more Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 by volume shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 80-1. and 8003.9.1. 8003.8.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13, In addition,Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)detonatable mate- floors of storage areas containing pyrophoric liquids shall be of rials shall be stored in accordance with the Building Code require- liquid-tight construction. ments for explosives. Retail display of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in ac- 8003.8.1.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to cordance with Section 8001.14. Section 8001.11.4, electrical wiring and equipment in storage areas for pyrophoric gases shall comply with the requirements for 8003.9.1.2 Detached storage. Storage of unstable (reactive) electrical Class I,Division 2 locations. materials shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Sec- 8003.8.1.4 Storage conditions. tion 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. 8003.9.1.3 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13, 8003.8.1.4.1 Pyrophoric solids and liquids. Storage of pyro- floors of storage areas for liquids and solids shall be of liquid-tight phoric liquids and solids shall be limited to a maximum area of construction. 100 square feet(9.29 m2)per pile.Storage shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm)in height.Individual containers shall not be stacked. 8003.9.1.4 Smoke and heat venting. Smoke and heat venting shall be provided. The design criteria shall be as set forth in the Aisles between storage piles shall be a minimum of 10 feet Building Code. (3048 mm)in width. 8003.9.1.5 Storage conditions. Unstable (reactive) materials Individual tanks or containers shall not exceed 500 gallons stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet(14.16 m3)shall be (1893 L)capacity. separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet 8003.8.1.4.2 Pyrophoric gases. Storage of pyrophoric gases (14.16 m).Aisle width shall not be less than the height of the piles shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section or 4 feet(1219 mm),whichever is greater. 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. EXCEPTION: Materials stored in tanks. 8003.8.1.5 Separation. In addition to Section 8001.11.8,indoor Unstable(reactive)materials shall not be stored in basements. storage of pyrophoric solids, liquids and gases shall be isolated 8003.9.2 Outdoor storage. from incompatible hazardous materials by one-hour fire-resistive walls with openings protected in accordance with the Building 8003.9.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of unstable (reactive) Code. materials in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 EXCEPTION: Storage in approved hazardous materials storage and 8003.9.2. cabinets constructed in accordance with Section 8001.10.6. 8003.8.2 Outdoor storage. 8003.9.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor stor- age of unstable(reactive)material which can deflagrate shall not 8003.8.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of pyrophoric solids,liq- be within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of buildings,property lines,streets, uids and gases in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set alleys,public ways or means of egress to a public way. forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections Outdoor storage of nondeflagrating unstable(reactive)materi- 8003.1 and 8003.8.2. als shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of buildings,property Outdoor storage of silane and mixtures of silane 2 percent or lines, streets, alleys, public ways or means of egress to a public I more by volume shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 80-1. way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of the storage is 8003.8.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. The separa- allowed in lieu of such distance. tion of pyrophoric solids,liquids and gases from buildings,prop- erty lines, streets, alleys, public ways or means of egress to a 8003.9.2.3 Storage conditions. Piles of unstable(reactive)ma- public way shall be in accordance with the following: terials shall not exceed 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3). 1. Solids and liquids. Twice the separation required by Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the Article 79 for Class I-B flammable liquids. height of the pile or 10 feet(3048 mm),whichever is greater. 2. Gases. The location and maximum amount of pyrophoric 8003.10 Water-reactive Solids and Liquids. gas per storage area shall be in accordance with Table 8003.8-A. 8003.10.1 Indoor storage. 8003.8.2.3 Storage conditions. Quantities, arrangement and 8003.10.1.1 General. Indoor storage of water-reactive solids spacing for pyrophoric liquids and solids in tanks,portable tanks and liquids in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth and containers shall be in accordance with Article 79 as required in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 for Class I-B flammable liquids. and 8003.10.1. 8003.8.2.4 Separation of incompatible materials. In addition Retail display of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be in to Section 8001.11.8,separation of pyrophoric liquids and solids accordance with Section 8001.14. 1-223 8003.10.1.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8003.12.2.4 8003.10.1.2 Detached storage. Storage of water-reactive mate- For requirements pertaining to inert cryogenic fluids, see UFC I rials shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section Standard 80-4. 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. 8003.12 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids. 8003.10.1.3 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13,floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construc- 8003.12.1 Indoor storage. tion. 8003.12.1.1 General. Indoor storage of highly toxic and toxic 8003.10.1.4 Waterproof room. Rooms or areas used for the solids and liquids in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set storage of water-reactive solids or liquids shall be constructed in a forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections manner which resists the penetration of water through the use of 8003.1 and 8003.12.1. waterproof materials. Piping carrying water for other than Retail display of highly toxic or toxic materials shall be in approved automatic fire-sprinkler systems shall not be within accordance with Section 8001.14. such rooms or areas. 8003.12.1.2 Liquid-tight floors. In addition to Section 8003.10.1.5 Smoke and heat venting. Smoke and heat venting 8003.1.13, floors of storage rooms shall be of liquid-tight con- shall be provided. The design criteria shall be as set forth in the struction. Building Code. 8003.12.1.3 Exhaust scrubber. Exhaust scrubbers or other sys- 8003.10.1.6 Fire-extinguishing systems. When Class 3 solids tems for the processing of highly toxic liquid vapors shall be pro- or liquids are stored in areas protected by an automatic fire-sprin- vided for storage areas where a spill or other accidental release of kler system,the materials shall be stored in closed watertight con- such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors.Ex- tainers. haust scrubbers and other processing systems shall be installed in 8003.10.1.7 Storage conditions. Water-reactive solids and liqq- accordance with the Mechanical Code. Emission control shall uids stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet (14.16 m3) conform to the requirements of the local air quality authority. shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet 8003.12.1.4 Separation. In addition to Section 8001.11.8,stor- (14.16 m3).Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than the age of highly toxic liquids and solids shall be isolated from other height of the pile or 4 feet(1219 mm),whichever is greater. hazardous materials by one-hour fire-resistive construction or EXCEPTION:Water-reactive solids and liquids stored in tanks. stored in approved hazardous material storage cabinets.See Sec- Class 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in tion 8001.10.6. basements unless such materials are stored in closed watertight 8003.12.2 Outdoor storage. containers or tanks. Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in 8003.12.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of highly toxic and toxic basements. solids and liquids in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections For storage with flammable liquids,see Section 7902.5.4. 8003.1 and 8003.12.2. 8003.10.2 Outdoor storage. 8003.12.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor 8003.10.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of water-reactive solids storage of highly toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall not be with- and liquids shall be within tanks or closed watertight contain- in 20 feet(6096 mm)of buildings,property lines,streets,alleys, ers, and in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in public ways or means of egress to a public way. An unpierced Section 8001.15, shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches and 8003.10.2. (762 mm)above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. 8003.10.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of Class 3tyater-reactive solids and liquids shall not be 8003.12.2.3 Fire-extinguishing systems. Outdoor storage of within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of buildings,property lines,streets, highly toxic solids and liquids shall be in fire-resistive containers alleys,public ways or means of egress to a public way. or shall comply with one of the following: Outdoor storage of Class 1 and 2 water-reactive solids and 1. The storage area shall be protected by an automatic, open liquids shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of buildings,proper- head,deluge fire-sprinkler system of the type and density speci- ty lines,streets,alleys,public ways or means of egress to a public fied in the Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1),or way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less 2. Storage shall be located under a canopy of noncombustible than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of the storage area construction, with the canopied area protected by an automatic is allowed in lieu of such distance. fire-sprinkler system of the type and density specified in the 8003.10.2.3 Storage conditions. Class 3 water-reactive solids Building Code.See UBC Standard 9-1.Such storage shall not be and liquids shall be limited to piles not greater than 100 cubic feet considered indoor storage.See Section 8003.1.14. (2.83 m3). 8003.12.2.4 Storage conditions. Outdoor storage piles of high- Class 1 or 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to ly toxic solids and liquids shall be separated into piles,each not piles not greater than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3). larger than 2,500 cubic feet (70.79 m3). Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the (3048 mm),whichever is greater. height of the pile or 10 feet(3048 mm),whichever is greater. The storage of highly toxic liquids which liberate highly toxic 8003.11 Cryogenic Fluids. Storage of cryogenic fluids shall be vapors in the event of a spill or other accidental discharge shall not in accordance with Article 75.For requirements pertaining to oxi- be outside of a building unless effective collection and treatment dizing cryogenic fluids,see UFC Standard 80-2.For requirements systems are provided.The treatment system shall comply with the pertaining to flammable cryogenic fluids,see UFC Standard 80-3. Mechanical Code. 1-224 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.13 8003.15.2.3 8003.13 Radioactive Materials. tomatic fire-extinguishing system.Such storage shall not be con- 8003.13.1 Indoor storage. sidered to be indoor storage.See Section 8003.1.14. 8003.13.2.4 Storage conditions. Storage shall be arranged in 8003.13.1.1 General. Indoor storage of radioactive materials accordance with Nuclear Regulatory Commission,state and local in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Sec- requirements. tion 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.13.1. 8003.14 Corrosives. 8003.13.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.14.1 Indoor storage. 8003.1.13,floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construc- 8003.14.1.1 General. Indoor storage of corrosive materials tion. in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Sec- 8003.13.1.3 Detection. Areas used for the storage of radioactive tion 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 materials shall be provided with detection equipment suitable for and 8003.14.1. determining surface level contamination at levels that would pre- EXCEPTION: For stationary lead-acid battery systems with indi- sent a short-term hazard condition. Such detection equipment is vidual batteries of 20 gallons(75.7 Q or less and used for standby pow- I allowed to be maintained at a location other than the storage area er,emergency power or uninterrupted power supplies,see Article 64. but shall be on the premises. Retail display of corrosive materials shall be in accordance with 8003.13.1.4 Storage conditions. The maximum quantity and Section 8001.14. storage arrangement of radioactive materials to be stored in 8003.14.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section buildings or rooms designed for such purposes shall be in 8003.1.13,floors in storage areas for corrosive liquids shall be of accordance with the requirements of the Nuclear Regulatory liquid-tight construction. Commission and state and local requirements. 8003.14.2 Outdoor storage. Storage of contaminated combustible materials shall be in tight- ly closed noncombustible containers which do not contain other 8003.14.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of corrosive materials waste. Special attention shall be given to prompt disposal of com- in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Sec- bustible wastes contaminated with oxidizing materials that are tion 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 subject to spontaneous heating. and 8003.14.2. 8003.13.1.5 Container quantity limits. The quantity of mate- 8003.14.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor rial in any individual container shall not exceed 2 millicuries(7.4 storage of corrosive materials shall not be within 20 feet(6096 ' x 107 becquerels)for alpha emitters,200 curies(7.4 x 1012 bec- mm)of buildings, property lines, streets, alleys, public ways or querels)for beta emitters or 0.1 curies(3.7 X 109 becquerels)for means of egress to a public way. An unpierced two-hour fire- gamma emitters. resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the side of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such EXCEPTION:Licensed,sealed sources for instruments,calibra- distance. tion devices and equipment.Licensing requirements and determina- tion of whether a source is sealed or nonsealed shall be as set forth in 8003.15 Carcinogens,Irritants,Sensitizers and Other Health Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations. Hazard Solids,Liquids and Gases. 8003.13.2 Outdoor storage. 8003.15.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of carcinogens, ir- 8003.13.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of radioactive mate- ritants, sensitizers and other health hazard solids, liquids and rials in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.13.2. and 8003.15.1. 8003.13.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor Retail display of carcinogens, irritants, sensitizers and other storage shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of property lines, health hazard materials shall be in accordance with Sec- streets, alleys, public ways or means of egress to a public way. tion 8001.14. An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than 8003.15.2 Outdoor storage. 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. 8003.15.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of carcinogens,irritants, sensitizers and other health hazard solids, liquids and gases Outdoor storage shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of build- in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Sec- ings unless the building exterior walls are not less than one-hour tion 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 fire-resistive construction. Storage shall not be within 10 feet and 8003.15.2. (3048 mm)from building openings.Building openings less than 20 feet(6096 mm)from outdoor storage shall be protected by a 8003.15.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor fire assembly having a 45-minute fire-resistive rating. storage of carcinogens,irritants,sensitizers or other health hazard solids,liquids and gases shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of 8003.13.2.3 Fire-extinguishing systems. Outdoor storage of buildings,property lines,streets,alleys,public ways or means of radioactive materials shall be in fire-resistive containers or shall egress to a public way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall comply with one of the following: extending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides 1. The storage area shall be protected by an automatic, open of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. head,deluge fire-sprinkler system of the type and density speci- 8003.15.2.3 Storage conditions. Outdoor storage of carcino- fied in the Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1),or gens,irritants,sensitizers and other health hazard solids and liq- 2. Storage shall be located under a canopy of noncombustible uids shall be separated into piles not larger than 2,500 cubic feet construction,with the canopied area protected by an approved au- (70.79 m). Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than 1-225 8003.15.2.3 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8004.1.15 one-half the height of the piles or 10 feet(3048 mm),whichever is alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are re- greater. quired by other provisions of Section 8004,such systems shall be connected to a standby source of power to automatically supply SECTION 8004—USE, DISPENSING AND HANDLING electrical power in the event of loss of power from the primary source. See the Electrical Code. 8004.1 General. When highly toxic or toxic compressed gases or highly toxic 8004.1.1 Applicability. Use, dispensing and handling of haz- liquids are used or dispensed,emergency power shall be provided ardous materials where the aggregate quantity is in excess of the in lieu of standby power on all required systems.See the Electrical Code. exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15;shall b in accord- ance with Sections$001 and 8004. 8004.1.7 Supervision. Manual alarm,detection,and automatic I EXCEPTION: For stationary lead-acid battery systems with indi- fire-extinguishing systems required by other provisions of Sec- vidual batteries of 20 gallons(75.7 L)or less and used for standby pow- tion 8004 shall be supervised by an approved central,proprietary er,emergency power or uninterrupted power supply,see Article 64. or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials where signal at a constantly attended on-site location. the aggregate quantity does not exceed the exempt amounts set 8004.1.8 Signs. Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Section 8001. dispensing and open-use areas and within 25 feet(7620 mm)of I For flammable, oxidizing and pyrophoric gases, see also Sec- outdoor dispensing or open-use areas. tion 8001.16. For requirements pertaining to oxidizing cryogenic fluids,see 8004.1.9 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial UFC Standard 80-2. For requirements pertaining to flammable means shall be provided. Artificial lighting shall be in accord- cryogenic fluids,see UFC Standard 80-3.For requirements per- ance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, taining to inert cryogenic fluids,see UFC Standard 80-4. Standard i.I.I. 8004.1.2 Separation from storage of hazardous materi- 8004.1.10 Fire-extinguishing systems. Indoor rooms or areas als. See Section 8001.11.8. in which hazardous materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an automatic fire-extinguishing system. Sprinkler 8004.1.3 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing,floors of system design shall not be less than that required by the Building areas where liquid or solid hazardous materials are dispensed or Code for Ordinary Hazard,Group 2,with a minimum design area used in open systems shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight of 3,000 square feet(278.7 m2).See UBC Standard 9-1.Where the construction. materials or storage arrangement require a higher level of 8004.1.4 Spill control and secondary containment for hazard- sprinkler system protection in accordance with nationally ous materials liquids. When required by other provisions of recognized standards, the higher level of sprinkler system Section 8004, spill control and secondary containment shall be protection shall be provided. provided for hazardous materials liquids in accordance with Sec- EXCEPTION: Approved alternate automatic fire-extinguishing + tion 8003.1.3. systems are allowed. 7 8004.1.5 Limit controls. 8004.1.11 Ventilation. Indoor dispensing and use areas shall be provided with exhaust ventilation in accordance with Sec- 8004.1.5.1 General. Limit controls shall be provided in tion 8003.1.4. accordance with Section 8004.1.5. EXCEPTION:Ventilation is not required for dispensing and use of 8004.1.5.2 Liquid level. flammable solids other than finely divided particles. 8004.1.5.2.1 High level. Open tanks in which hazardous materi- 8004.1.12 Emergency shutoff for flammable, oxidizing andpyrophoric gases. Flammable, oxidizing and pyrophoric gas als are used shall be equipped with a liquid level limit control or systems shall be provided with approved emergency shutoff other means to prevent overfilling of the tank. valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source. 8004.1.5.2.2 Low level. Open tanks and containers in which 8004.1.13 Container position for liquefied flammable gases hazardous materials are heated shall be equipped with approved and flammable gases in solution. Containers of liquefied flam- automatic shutoff controls which will sense low liquid levels and mable gases and flammable gases in solution shall be in the shut off the source of heat. upright position or positioned such that the pressure-relief valve is 8004.1.5.3 Temperature. Process tanks and equipment which in direct contact with the vapor phase of the container. involve temperature control of the material shall be provided with 8004.1.14 Bulk oxygen systems. Bulk oxygen systems at indus- limit controls to maintain the temperature within a safe range. trial and institutional consumer sites shall be in accordance with 8004.1.5.4 Pressure. Stationary tanks and equipment contain- UFC Standard 80-2. ing materials which can generate pressures exceeding the tank or equipment design limits due to exposure fires or internal reaction 8004.1.15 Liquid transfer. Liquids having a hazard ranking of shall be equipped with pressure-limiting or relief devices.Relief 3 or 4 in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3 shall be transferred devices for stationary tanks or equipment for highly toxic,toxic or by one of the following methods: corrosive materials shall vent to an exhaust scrubber or treatment EXCEPTIONS: 1.Liquids having a hazard ranking of 4 when dis- ' system for processing of vapors or gases. See Section pensed from approved containers not exceeding I.I gallons(4 Q. 8003.3.1.3.5.Relief devices for flammable or explosive vapors or 2. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 when dispensed from ap- gases shall vent to an approved location. proved containers not exceeding 5.3 gallons(20 L). 8004.1.6 Standby and emergency power. When mechanical 1. From safety cans. ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, manual 2. Through an approved closed-piping system. 1-226 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8004.1.15 8004.2.3.7.5 3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suc- 8004.2.3 Closed systems. tion through an opening in the top of the container or tank. 8004.2.3.1 General. Use of hazardous materials in closed con- 4. From containers or tanks by gravity through an approved tainers or systems shall be in accordance with Section 8004.2.3. self-or automatic-closing valve when the container or.tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and second- 8004.2.3.2 Use. Systems shall be suitable for the use intended ary containment. See Section 8003.1.3. and shall be designed by persons competent in such design.Where EXCEPTION:Highly toxic liquids shall not be dispensed by grav- nationally recognized good practices or standards have been es- ity from tanks. tablished for the processes employed,they shall be followed in the 5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems. design.Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from enter- 8004.1.16 Silane. Use and dispensing of silane and mixtures of ing or leaving process or reaction systems at other than the in- silane greater than 2 percent by volume shall be in accordance tended time,rate or path.When automatic controls are provided, with Section 8004 and UFC Standard 80-1. they shall be designed to be fail safe. 8004.2 Indoor Dispensing and Use. 8004.2.3.3 Ventilation. If closed systems are designed to be opened as part of normal operations,ventilation shall be provided 8004.2.1 General. Indoor dispensing and use of hazardous ma- in accordance with Section 8004.2.2.2. terials shall be in buildings complying with the Building Code and 8004.2.3.4 Fire-extinguishing system. In addition to Section in accordance with Sections 8004.1 and 8004.2. 8004.1.10, laboratory fume hoods and spray booths where flam- 8004.2.2 Open systems. mable materials are used shall be protected by an automatic fire- extinguishing system. 8004.2.2.1 General. Dispensing and use of hazardous mate- 8004.2.3.5 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro- rials in open containers or systems shall be in accordance with vided in accordance with Section 8003.1.7 when an explosive en- Section 8004.2.2. .vironment can occur because of the hazardous materials 8004.2.2.2 Ventilation. When gases, liquids or solids having a dispensed or used,or as a result of the dispensing or use process. hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3 are EXCEPTION: When process vessels are designed to fully contain dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be pro the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process vided to capture fumes,mists or vapors at the point of generation. conditions considering the most likely failure. EXCEPTIONS: 1.Gases,liquids or solids which can be demon- 8004.2.3.6 Spill control and secondary containment for haz- strated not to create harmful fumes,mists or vapors. ardous materials liquids. L C (For SFMf 2.Automatic fire protection shall not be required in lab- 8004.2.3.6.1 Spill control for hazardous materials liq- L C oratory fume hoods except those having interiors with flame-spread uids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous materials liq- L A index greater than 25 or smoke density greater than 450.Under condi- L C uids are used in individual vessels exceeding a 55-gallon(208.2 L) L A Lion of extraordinary hazard,automatic fire protection may be required L A jbr hoods having interiors with flame.spread of 25 or less and smoke capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with L C density no greater than 450 when tested according to UBC Standard Section 8003.1.3.2. L c 8-1. When provided, the fire protection system shall be suitable to g004.2.3.6.2 Secondary containment for hazardous materials L C extinguish fires with the laboratory under the anticipated conditions of L A use and shall comply with applicable standards. liquids. When required by Table 8004.2-A,buildings,rooms or areas where hazardous materials liquids are used in vessels or sys- 8004.2.2.3 Fire-extinguishing system. In addition to Section tems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance 8004.]A 0, laboratory fume hoods and spray booths where flam- with Section 8003.1.3.3 when the capacity of an individual vessel .mable materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an au- or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds tomatic fire-extinguishing system. the following: 8004.2.2.4 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro- Individual Vessel or System: Greater than 55 gallons vided in accordance with Section 8003.1.7 when an explosive en- (208.2 L) vironment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the Multiple Vessels or Systems: Greater than 1,000 gallons hazardous materials dispensed or used,or as a result of the dis- (3785 L) pensing or use process. 8004.2.3.7 Special requirements for highly toxic and toxic 8004.2.2.5 Spill control and secondary containment for haz- compressed gases. ardous materials liquids. 8004.2.3.7.1 Ventilation and storage arrangement. Com- 8004.2.2.5.1 Spill control for hazardous materials liq- pressed gas cylinders shall be within gas cabinets,exhausted en- uids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous materials liq- closures or gas rooms.Portable or stationary tanks shall be within uids are dispensed into vessels exceeding a 1.1-gallon (4 L) gas rooms or exhausted enclosures. capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) 8004.2.3.7.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be in accordance capacity shall be provided with spill control in.accordance with with Section 8003.3.1.3.2.Gas cabinets shall be internally sprin- Section 8003.1.3.2. klered. 8004.2.2.5.2 Secondary containment for hazardous materials 8004.2.3.7.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures liquids. When required by Table 8004.2-A,buildings,rooms or shall be in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.3. Exhausted areas where hazardous materials liquids are dispensed or used in enclosures shall be internally sprinklered. open systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.3 when the capacity of an indi- 8004.2.3.7.4 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall be in accordance with vidual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or sys- Sections 8003.3.1.3.4 and 8003.3.1.3.5.Gas rooms shall be inter- tems exceeds the following: nally sprinklered. Individual Vessel or System: Greater than 1.1 gallons(4 L) 8004.2.3.7.5 Treatment systems. Treatment systems shall be Multiple Vessels or Systems: Greater than 5.3 gallons(20 L) provided in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.5. 1-227 8004.2.3.7.6 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8004.4.1.1 8004.2.3.7.6 Gas detection. Gas detection shall be provided in 8004.3.4.2 Closed systems. accordance with Section 8003.3.1.6.Activation of the monitoring 8004.3.4.2.1 Spill control for hazardous materials liq- system shall automatically close the shutoff valve on highly toxic or toxic gas supply lines related to the system being monitored. aids. Outdoor areas where hazardous materials liquids are used in closed systems exceeding 55 gallons(208.2 L) shall be pro- EXCEPTION: Automatic shutdown need not be provided for vided with spill control in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.2. reactors utilized for the production of toxic or highly toxic gases when such reactors are: 8004.3.4.2.2 Secondary containment for hazardous materials 1. Operated at pressures less than 15 psig(103.4 kPa), liquids. When required by Table 8004.2-A,outdoor areas where 2. Constantly attended,and hazardous materials liquids are dispensed or used in closed sys- 3. Provided with readily accessible emergency shutoff valves. tems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance 8004.2.3.7.7 Smoke detection. Smoke detection shall be pro- With Section 8003.1.3.3 when the capacity of an individual vessel vided in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.7. or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following: 8004.2.3.7.8 Maximum number of cylinders per gas cabi- Individual Vessel or System: Greater than 55 gallons net. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas cabinet (208.2 L) shall not exceed three. Multiple Vessels or Systems: Greater than 1,000 gallons 8004.2.3.7.9 Process equipment. Effluent from process equip- (3785 L) ment containing highly toxic or toxic gases which could be discharged to the atmosphere shall be processed through an 8004.3.5 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding exhaust scrubber or other processing system. Such systems shall an outdoor dispensing or use area shall be kept clear.of combus- be in accordance with the Mechanical Code as required for prod- tible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet uct-conveying ventilation systems. (9144 mm). 8004.3 Outdoor Dispensing and Use. 8004.3.6 Special requirements for toxic and highly toxic com- pressed gases. 8004.3.1 General. 8004.3.6.1 Ventilation and arrangement. When cylinders, 8004.3.1.1 Quantities exceeding exempt amounts. Outdoor containers or portable tanks are used outdoors, gas cabinets or dispensing or use of hazardous materials in both closed or open exhausted enclosures shall be provided. containers or systems where the aggregate quantity is in excess of 8004.3.6.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be in accordance the exempt amounts in Tables 8001.15-C and 8001.15-D shall be with Section 8003.3.1.3.2. in accordance with Sections 8004.1 and 8004.3. 8004.3.1.2 Quantities not exceeding exempt amounts. Out- 8004.3.6.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures shall door dispensing or use of hazardous materials where the aggregate be in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.3. quantity does not exceed the exempt amounts specified in Tables 8004.3.6.4 Treatment systems. Treatment systems shall be pro- 8001.15-C and 8001.15-D are not required to be in accordance vided in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.5. with Section 8004 except as provided in Section 8004.3. 8004.3.6.5 Gas detection. Gas detection shall be provided in 8004.3.2 Location. Outdoor dispensing and use areas for haz- gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures in accordance with Section ardous materials shall be located as required for outdoor storage in 8003.3.1.6. Activation of the monitoring system shall automati- accordance with Section 8003. cally close the shutoff valve on highly toxic or toxic gas supply 8004.3.3 Fire-extinguishing system. Flammable hazardous lines related to the system being monitored. EXCEPTION: Automatic shutdown need not be provided for materials dispensing or use areas located within 50 feet(15 240 reactors utilized for the production of toxic or highly toxic gases when mm)of either a storage area or building,and vehicle loading racks such reactors are: where flammable hazardous materials are dispensed,shall be pro- 1. Operated at pressures less than 15 psig(103.4 kPa), tected by an approved fire-extinguishing system. 2. Constantly attended,and 8004.3.4 Spill control and secondary containment for hazard- 3. Provided with readily accessible emergency shutoff valves. ous materials liquids. 8004.3.6.6 Fire-extinguishing system. Gas cabinets and ex- 8004.3.4.1 Open systems. hausted enclosures shall be internally sprinklered. 8004.3.4.1.1 Spill control for hazardous materials liq- 8004.3.7 Special requirements for flammable gases. Flam- uids. Outdoor areas where hazardous materials liquids are dis- mable gases shall be located in accordance with Table 8003.5-A. pensed in vessels exceeding a LI-gallon(4 L)capacity or used in 8004.3.8 Special requirements for oxidizer gases. Oxidizer open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon(20 L)capacity shall be pro- gases shall be located in accordance with Table 8003.E G. vided with spill control in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.2. 8004.3.9 Special requirements for pyrophoric gases. Pyro- 8004.3.4.1.2 Secondary containment for hazardous materials phoric gases shall be located in accordance with Table 8003.8-A. liquids. When required by Table 8004.2-A,outdoor areas where hazardous materials liquids are dispensed or used in open systems 8004.4 Handling. shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with 8004.4.1 General. Section 8003.1.3.3 when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the 8004.4.1.1 Quantities exceeding exempt amounts. Handling following: of hazardous materials in indoor and outdoor locations where the Individual Vessel or System: Greater than 1.1 gallons(4 L) aggregate quantity is in excess of the exempt amounts in Tables 8001.15-A through 8001.15-D shall be in accordance with Sec- Multiple Vessels or Systems: Greater than 5.3 gallons(20 L) tions 8004.1 and 8004.4. 1-228 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8004.4.1.2—8004.4.3 TABLE 8004.2-A 8004.4.1.2 Quantities not exceeding exempt amounts. Han- 8004.4.3 Emergency alarm. When hazardous materials having dling of hazardous materials in indoor locations where the aggre- a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3 gate quantity does not exceed the exempt amount specified in are transported through corridors or exit enclosures,there shall be Tables 8001.15-A and 8001.15-13 shall be in accordance with Sec- an emergency telephone system,a local manual alarm station or tions 8004.1 and 8004.4.Handling of hazardous materials in out- an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot door locations where the aggregate quantity does not exceed the (45 720 mm)intervals and at each exit and exit-access doorway exempt amount specified in Tables 8001.15-C and 8001.15-1)is throughout the transport route.The signal shall be relayed to an not required to be in accordance with Section 8004,except as pro- approved central, proprietary or remote station service or con- vided in Section 8004.3. stantly attended on-site location and shall also initiate a local audi- 8004.4.2 Location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous mate- ble alarm. rials shall be located as required for outdoor storage in accordance with Section 8003. TABLE 8004.2-A—REQUIRED SECONDARY CONTAINMENT—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS USE INDOOR USE OUTDOOR USE MATERIAL Solids Liquids Solids Liquids 1.Physical Hazard Materials Combustible dusts NR NA NR NA Combustible liquids Class II NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class III-A NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class III-B NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Cryogenic liquids NA See Article 75 NA See Article 75 Explosives See Article 77 See Article 77 Flammable liquids Class I-A NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class 1-13 NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class I-C NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Flammable solids NR NA NR NA Organic peroxides Class UD NR R NR R Class I NR R NR R Class II NR R NR R Class III NR R NR R Class IV NR R NR R Class V NR NR NR NR Oxidizers Class 4 NR R NR R Class 3 NR R NR R Class 2 NR R NR R Class 1 NR R NR R Pyrophorics NR R NR R Unstable(reactives) Class 4 NR R R R Class 3 NR R R R Class 2 NR R R R Class 1 NR NR R R Water reactives Class 3 NR R R R Class 2 NR R R R Class 1 NR NR R R 2.Health Hazard Materials Carcinogens NR R NR R Corrosives NR R NR R Highly toxics NR R NR R Irritants NR NR NR R Other health hazards NR NR NR R Radioactives NR R NR R Sensitizers NR NR NR R Toxics NR R NR R NA=Not Applicable NR=Not Required R=Required UD=Unclassified Detonatable 1-229 17.56.140 UFC Section 8001.3.2 Hazardous Materials Management Plan. (3317-1/96) Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Compliance with Huntington Beach Municipal Code Chapter 17.58 requiring a business emergency plan shall be considered in compliance with UFC Section 8001.3.2 except as provided in UFC Section 8001.3.2.1 below: (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 8. In addition to the requirements set forth in UFC Section 8001.3.2, all new facilities and existing facilities proposing modifications which handle or propose to handle hazardous materials shall submit a hazardous materials storage and use plan packet. Packets/plans shall be submitted and approved prior to installation and/or operation for all hazardous materials and each application. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 17.56.145 UFC Section 8001.3.3 Amended-Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. (3317-1/96) Deleted and amended to read: (3317-1/96) Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. Compliance with Huntington Beach Municipal Code Chapter 17.58 shall be considered in compliance with this section. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 17.56.155 UFC Section 8001.5.2.2 Notification. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Notification. The fire chief shall be notified immediately when an unauthorized discharge becomes reportable under state, federal and location regulations and in accordance with Huntington Beach Municipal Code Chapter 17.58. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 17.56.165 UFC Section 8001.5.2.5 Responsibility For Clean-up (Soil Spec.) (3317-1/96) Clean-up of contaminated soil and property shall be in accordance with state, federal or local regulations as follows: (3317-1/96) 1. 1st Clean-Up Criteria. Soils sampled during site assessments that fail California Assessment Manual (CAM) criteria for hazardous waste will be excavated and disposed of at a proper disposal site. Laboratory tests used in this determination are pH(EPA-9045), CAM Metals (total), and Volatile Chlorinated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (EPA-8240) as described in item 6 below, Site Assessment and Laboratory Specifications. (3317-1/96) 2. 2nd Clean-Up Criteria. Comparison of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentration in soils sampled during the site assessment shall be made with the screening criteria in UFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1. If the sample results meet the Table 1 criteria, no further testing or remediation work will be required. (3317-1/96, 3430-7199) If the TPH exceeds the screening criteria, the laboratory will perform the additional analyses specified (EPA-8020, EPA-8270). Further delineation of the contaminated soil through use of additional borings, additional trenches or by excavation and stockpiling must be performed to determine the lateral and vertical extent of soil exceeding Table 1 criteria. Samples obtained during this delineation will be analyzed for screening criteria listed in Table 1 (EPA-418.1 and EPA-8015). If sample results exceed the screening criteria in Table 1, the laboratory shall be instructed to run the analyses specified in UFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 2 (EPA-8020, EPA-8270) unless the applicant chooses to excavate the contaminated soil to meet criteria in Table 1 without proceeding to further analyses specified in Table 2. Soils which contain less than the screening levels specified in Table 2 shall not be required to undergo soil remediation provided that EPA 418.1 and EPA 8015M Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon concentrations are less than 100% excess of Table 1 screening criteria levels. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 3. Depth of Contaminated Soil Removal. Soil contamination in excess of the UFC 8001.5.2.5 Tables 1 and 2 criteria extending deeper than twenty (20) feet below ultimate finished grade or within five (5) feet of the groundwater table, whichever is shallower, and not exhibiting characteristics of material considered hazardous for disposal purposes may be considered for non-remediation. Approval for non-remediation shall be by certification of the Fire Department and shall be issued with appropriate findings. The lateral and vertical extent of this contaminated material left in place shall be determined using Table 1 criteria. This extent shall be reported to the City and disclosed to subsequent property owners in a format approved by the Fire Department. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Surface structures within one hundred (100) feet of the lateral extent of the contaminated soil shall be built with vapor barriers in accordance with applicable City specifications. (3317-1/96) 4. Disposition of Stockpiled Soil. Soil that is stockpiled on site as a result of criteria applied above can be evaluated for reuse on site. The reuse options may include, but are not limited to, on site remediation and resampling to meet the criteria in UFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1 and/or 2 or reuse of the soil as road subgrade where applicable. Specifications for reuse of crude oil contaminated soil as road subgrade are identified in item 7 below. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Soil that is planned for reuse on site should be sampled at a frequency sufficient to adequately characterize the degree and composition of the contamination. A sampling plan shall be submitted to the fire Department for approval prior to reuse. (3317-1/96) 5. On Site Remediation. Soil can be remediated on site as long as it does not exhibit any characteristics of material considered hazardous for disposal purposes. On site remediation must comply with all applicable state, county, federal and city regulations. Remediation activities shall be performed within a designated area. A remediation plan shall be approved by the Fire Department. (3317-1/96) After soil is remediated and reused, the surface of the designated remediation area shall be tested in accordance with provisions identified herein above. A testing plan shall be submitted to the Fire Department for approval as well as a final report which shall summarize the remediation efforts and post remediation test results. (3317-1/96) 6. Site Assessment and Laboratory Specifications. Analyses performed during site assessments of oil fields (other industrial or agricultural uses may require additional analysis) should include pH(EPA-9045), CAM Metals (total only, soluble if total exceeds ten times (STLC), Volatile Hydrocarbons (EPA-8240), Total Recoverable Hydrocarbons (EPA-418.1), Total Fuel Hydrocarbons (EPA-8015), Semi-Volatile Organics (EPA-8270) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (EPA-8080). (3317-1/96) Vertical limits of hydrocarbon contamination shall be assessed. Sampling shall extend to a depth sufficient to identify at least five (5') feet of uncontaminated soil or to a depth not greater than five (5') feet above the water table in cases where regional groundwater will be impacted by sampling operations. (3317-1/96) If the landowner chooses to cleanup the site using screening criteria specified in UFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 2, the laboratory analytical work may specify the reanalysis of samples exceeding screening criteria specified in UFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1. The shelf life for the samples must not be exceeded when the reanalyses are run. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) The laboratory contract shall specify use of EPA Method 3630 as a clean-up procedure prior to soil analysis for CAPNA's using EPA-8270 if the 418.1 results show greater than 1,000 ppm. (3317-1/96) Samples representative of a specific site should be obtained consistent with a Phase I historical review of the site. The sampling frequency will vary depending on potential for on site contamination. Sampling should be targeted at identified or suspected contaminated locations on the site. (3317-1/96) Sampling of areas not suspected to be contaminated shall be done on a random basis according to a Sampling Plan which shall be approved by the Fire Department. (3317-1/96) The Sampling Protocol, both in terms of site specific targets and other random sampling should be formulated in cooperation with the Fire Department. The burden of demonstrating soil cleanup to established limits of contamination shall be the responsibility of the land owner. The Fire Department's approval of a Sampling Protocol shall be required. (3317-1/96) A Site Auditor, as identified in UFC 8001.5.2.5 shall be a requirement placed on all significantly large oil field properties and on smaller properties where a reasonably large number of contamination sources are deemed to remain unsampled following completion of the approved Sampling Protocol. The requirement for a Site Auditor shall be at the discretion of the Fire Department. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Soil sampling shall be carried out using protocols approved by the California Leaking Underground Fuel Tank Manual and/or the Orange County Health Department. (3317-1/96) Analytical results which may be inconsistent or anomalous when compared to other sample data taken as part of the site assessment shall be made a part of the record although the land owner shall have the option of providing additional samples to clarify inconsistencies. The number and location of these samples shall be determined by the land owner. (3317-1/96) 7. Specifications for Reuse of Crude Oil Contaminated Soils as Road Subgrade. Soils must meet criteria listed in UFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1 and 2. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Reused soils must meet compaction requirements. (3317-1/96) Reused soils shall be placed directly beneath the asphalt cap and underlying aggregate to a maximum depth of four(4) feet below the road surface. Fills deeper than four(4) feet must be approved by the Fire Department based on sufficient findings. (3317-1/96) Potable drinking water lines must be surrounded by clean sand or gravel and approved and inspected by the appropriate City Departments before burial in the roadway. (3317-1/96) A detailed set of drawings must be submitted to the City showing the plan of reused soils, a cross section of the road base, locations of utility lines and thickness of clean sand and gravel pack placed around these lines. Soil analysis data for the road fill must also be submitted which shall verify compliance with the standards listed in Table 1 and/or Table 2. (3317-1/96) 8. Scope of Contract Specifications for On Site Auditing During Grading Activities. The Auditor shall be an independent environmental or geotechnical consulting company with adequate training to identify petroleum contaminated soils with field instruments and techniques described below. The Auditor shall be licensed by the State of California as a Registered Environmental Assessor. (3317-1/96) Auditors will monitor grading activities for indicators that petroleum hydrocarbons may have contaminated the soils and shall be aware of the situations and procedures: (3317-1/96) a. Soft spongy soils that become evident as heavy equipment travels over it. (3317-1/96) b. Hydrocarbon odors emanating from the soil. (3317-1/96) c. A reading of greater than twenty (20) ppm on a hand held organic vapor monitor(OVM) held three (3)inches from suspected contaminated soils. The meter shall be calibrated at least twice per day. (3317-1/96) d. A small vial of solvent can be used to extract a small amount of soil. If the solvent becomes discolored petroleum may be present. (3317-1/96) If any of the indicators.above are found, the Auditor shall devise a sampling program capable of ascertaining whether or not waste is classified as hazardous. All sampling procedures shall be in accordance with the protocols established by LUTF and/or the Orange County Health Department. The contamination citing shall be made a part of the record and the Fire Department shall be immediately notified. (3317-1/96) Sufficient samples shall be analyzed to characterize the vertical and horizontal extent of the potential contaminant. If samples exceed the screening criteria in UFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1, the soil must either be removed or reanalyzed and compared to criteria in UFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 2. If the soil is determined to meet the Table 2 criteria, the soil can be incorporated into the fill. If it does not,the soil can be stockpiled for remediation and reuse or removed from the site. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) A report documenting the observations made and samples obtained during grading shall be prepared. This report shall document compliance with the appropriate section of Table 1 and/or Table 2, as applicable. (3317-1/96).......... ......................................................................................................................... Table 1 Screening Level for Hydrocarbon Clean-up Land Use PH (418.1) PH 8015M .. Residential &Recreational <500 ppm 500 ppm Commercial & Industrial K1,000 ppm K1,000 ppm oadway . .................................................................................... ............ • 0'-4'Below Road Surface a 1,000 ppm total; <100 ppm of he <C 14 component ........................ • >4'Below Road Surface 1,000 ppm 1,000 ppm Table 2 Screening Level for Hydrocarbon Clean-up Land Use BTX & E (8020) PNA (8270) Residential & Recreational................<1.0..ppm ..... ..........ach CAPNA.� ..5 ppm...............: X& E <10.0 ppm Total CAPNA's <3.0 ppm ndiyidually .......................................... Commercial & Industrial <1.0 p Each CAPNA<1:0 ppm X& E <10.0 ppm Total CAPNA's <6.0 ppm .................... ...................... ndividually. .. oadway '-4'Below Road Surface <1.0 ppm kach CAPNA<1.0 ppm ................................................................................................................................................................. X&E<10.0 ppm Total CAPNA's<9.0 ppm individually 4'Below Road Surface <1.0 m Total CAPNA<1.0 m , X&E <10.0 ppm otal CAPNNs<6.0 ppm -individually r/Based on CAPNAs found in Proposition 65 list, in addition to benzo (g,h,i) perylene] 99 17.56.170 UFC Section 8001.7 Identification Signs. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Identifications Signs. When required by the fire chief, visible identificaton signs shall be placed in approved locations where hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, used or handled in accordance with Huntington Beach Fire Prevention Division Hazardous Materials Identification Guidelines City Specification#423.(3317-1/96) 17.56.175 Add UFC Section 8001.11.00 Spill Control, Drainage Control, and Secondary Containment. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Spill Control, Drainage Control, and Secondary Containment. Spill control, drainage control and secondary containment in accordance with UFC Section 8003.1.3 may be required for those amounts under the exempt quantities specified in UFC Section 8001.15.2 and Tables 8001.15-A through 8001.15-D if deemed necessary by the fire chief. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 17.56.180 UFC Section 8001.15.1 Exempt Amounts. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Storage, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding exempt amounts shall be in accordance with UFC Section 8001. At the discretion of the fire chief, hazardous materials present below the exempt amounts specified in UFC Section 8001.15.2 and Tables 8001.15-A through 8001.15-D may be required to meet provisions found in UFC Sections 8003.1.2 through 8003.1.14. (3317-1/96. 3430-7/99) 17.56.182 UFC Section 8003.1.2 Hazardous Materials Signs. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) UFC Section 8003.1.2 is amended to read: Si ns. Stationary aboveground containers and tanks shall be placarded and labeled in accordance with UFC Section 8001.7 and Huntington Beach Fire Prevention Division Stationary Tank Hazard Identification Guidelines, refer to City Specification#423. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 17.56.184 UFC Section 8003.1.5 Maximum Ouantity Hazardous Materials On Site. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) UFC Section 8003.1.1a is amended to read: Maximum Quantity On Site. The storage of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with local zoning regulations except as follows: (3317-1/96) No person shall use or store extremely hazardous substances within a residential zoned or any property developed for residential use. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) EXCEPTION: The use of fumigants, pesticides, or other regulated economic poisons, when used in accordance with nationally recognized standards by a State licensed contractor or the City and for which a permit has first been issued by the fire chief. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 17.56.190 UFC Section 8004.1.1 Applicability. (3317-1/96) At the discretion of the fire chief, materials present below the exempt amounts set forth in UFC Section 8001.15 may be required to meet provisions stipulated in UFC Sections 8004.1.2 through 8004.4.3. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 17.56.192 UFC Section 8004.1.9 Hazardous Materials Signs. (3317-1/96) Signs. In addition to the hazards identification signs required by UFC Section 8001.7, additional hazard identification and warning signs shall be provided as follows: (3317-1/96) Stationary containers and aboveground tanks shall be placarded and labeled in accordance with Huntington Beach Fire Prevention Division Stationary Tank Hazard Identification Guidelines, refer to City Specification#423. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8101 8101.4.1.3 ARTICLE 81 -HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE SECTION 8101 —GENERAL 12. Type, location and specifications of smoke-removal and 8101.1 Scope. Buildings containing high-piled combustible curtain board systems. storage shall be in accordance with Article 81.In addition to the 13. Dimension and location of transverse and longitudinal flue requirements of Article 81,aerosols shall be in accordance with spaces. Article 88,flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accord- 14. Additional information regarding required design features, ance with Article 79,and hazardous materials shall be in accord- commodities, storage arrangement and fire-protection features ance with Article 80. within the high-piled storage area shall be provided at the time of IStorage of combustible paper records shall be in accordance permit,when required by the chief. with Article 81 and UFC Standard 81-4. 8101.3.3 Evacuation plan. When required by the chief, an 8101.2 Definitions. evacuation plan for public accessible areas and a separate set of plans indicating location and width of aisles,location of exits and 8101.2.1 General. For definitions of AEROSOL; ARRAY; exit-access doors and exit signs,height of storage,and locations of ARRAY, CLOSED; BINBOX; COMMODITY, CURTAIN hazardous materials shall be submitted at the time of permit BOARD; EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE SPRIN- application for review and approval. Following approval of the KLER; EXPANDED PLASTIC; EXTRAHIGH-RACK COM- plans, a copy of the approved plans shall be maintained on the BUSTIBLE STORAGE; HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE premises in an approved location. STORAGE; LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE; MANUAL 8101.4 Commodity Classification. STOCKING METHODS;MECHANICAL STOCKING METH- ODS;SHELF STORAGE;AND TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE, 8101.4.1 General. see Article 2. 8101.4.1.1 Classification of commodities. Commodities shall 8101.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 81, be classified as Class I,II,III,IV or high hazard in accordance with certain terms are defined as follows: Section 8101.4.1.Materials listed within each commodity classi- fication are assumed to be unmodified for improved combustibil- HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREA is an area within a building ity characteristics. Use of flame-retarding modifiers or the which is designated,intended,proposed or actually used for high- physical form of the material could change the classification.See piled combustible storage. Section 8101.4.2 for classification of Groups A,B and C plastics. SOLID SHELVING is shelving that is solid,slatted,mesh,or 8101.4.1.2 Class I commodities. Class I commodities are grated located within racks that obstructs sprinkler water penetra- essentially noncombustible products on wooden or nonexpanded tion through the racks. polyethylene solid deck pallets, in ordinary corrugated cartons 8101.3 Permits and Plan Submittal. with or without single-thickness dividers, or in ordinary paper wrappings with or without pallets. Class I commodities are 8101.3.1 Permits. For a permit to use a building for high-piled allowed to contain a limited amount of Group A plastics in accord- combustible storage,see Section 105,Permit h.3. ance with Section 8101.4.3. Examples of Class I commodities 8101.3.2 Plans and specifications submittal. At the time of include,but are not limited to,the following: permit application, plans and specifications including the Alcoholic beverages not exceeding 20 percent alcohol information specified in Section 8101.3.2 shall be submitted for Appliances—noncombustible, electrical review and approval.Following approval of the plans,a copy of Cement in bags the approved plans shall be maintained on the premises in an approved location.The plans shall include the following: Ceramics 1. Floor plan of the building showing locations and dimen- Dairy products in nonwax-coated containers (excluding sions of high-piled storage areas. bottles) 2. Useable storage height for each storage area. -Dry insecticides 3. Number of tiers within each rack,if applicable. Foods in noncombustible containers 4. Commodity clearance between top of storage and the Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers sprinkler deflector for each storage arrangement. Frozen foods 5. Aisle dimensions between each storage array. Glass 6. Maximum pile volume for each storage array. Glycol in metal cans 7. Location and classification of commodities in accordance Gypsum board with Section 8101.4. Inert materials,bagged 8. Location of commodities which are banded or encapsu- Insulation,noncombustible lated. Noncombustible liquids in plastic containers having less than a 9. Location of required fire department access doors. 5-gallon(18.9 L)capacity 10. Type of fire-suppression and fire-detection systems. Noncombustible metal products 11. Location of valves controlling the water supply of-ceiling 8101.4.1.3 Class II commodities. Class II commodities are and in-rack sprinklers. Class I products in slatted wooden crates, solid wooden boxes, 1-231 8101.4.1.3 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8101.4.2.2 multiple-thickness paperboard cartons or equivalent combustible Aerosol,Level 2(see Article 88) packaging material with or without pallets.Class II commodities Alcoholic beverages,exceeding 20 percent but less than 80 per- are allowed to contain a limited amount of Group A plastics in cent alcohol,in cans or bottles in cartons accordance with Section 8101.4.3.Examples of Class II commo- dities include,but are not limited to,the following: Clothing,synthetic or nonviscose Alcoholic beverages not exceeding 20 percent alcohol,in com- Combustible metal products(solid) bustible containers Furniture,plastic upholstered Foods in combustible containers Furniture,wood or metal with plastic covering and padding Incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs in cartons Glycol in combustible containers(greater than 25 percent and Thinly coated fine wire on reels or in cartons less than 50 percent) 8101.4.1.4 Class III commodities. Class III commodities are Linoleum products commodities of wood,paper,natural fiber cloth,or Group C plas- Paints,oil base in combustible containers tics or products thereof, with or without pallets. Products are Pharmaceutical,alcoholic elixirs,tonics,etc. allowed to contain limited amounts of Group A or B plastics,such as metal bicycles with plastic handles, pedals, seats and tires. Rugs,foamed back Group A plastics shall be limited in accordance with Section Shingles,asphalt 8101.4.3.Examples of Class III commodities include,but are not Thread or yarn,synthetic or nonviscose limited to,the following: Aerosol,Level 1 (see Article 88) 8101.4.1.6 High-hazard commodities. High-hazard commo- dities are high-hazard products presenting special fire hazards Combustible fiberboard beyond those of Class I,II,III or IV.Group A plastics not other- Cork,baled wise classified are included in this class.Examples of high-hazard Feed,bagged commodities include,but are not limited to,the following: Fertilizers,bagged Aerosol,Level 3(see Article 88) Food in plastic containers Alcoholic beverages, exceeding 80 percent alcohol, in bottles or cartons Furniture:wood,natural fiber,upholstered,nonplastic,wood or Commodities of any class in plastic containers in carousel stor- I metal with plastic-padded and covered arm rests age. Glycol in combustible containers not exceeding 25 percent Flammable solids(except solid combustible metals) Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in metal cans Glycol in combustible containers(50 percent or greater) Lumber Lacquers, which dry by solvent evaporation, in metal cans or Mattresses,excluding foamed rubber and foamed plastics cartons Noncombustible liquids in plastic containers having a capacity Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in plastic containers of more than 5 gallons(18.9 L) Mattresses,foamed rubber or foamed plastics Paints,oil base,in metal cans Pallets and flats which are idle combustible Paper,waste,baled Paper,asphalt,rolled,horizontal storage Paper and pulp, horizontal storage, or vertical storage that is Paper,asphalt,rolled,vertical storage banded or protected with approved wrap Paper and pulp,rolled,in vertical storage which is unbanded or Paper in cardboard boxes not protected with an approved wrap Pillows,excluding foamed rubber and foamed plastics Pillows,foamed rubber and foamed plastics Plastic-coated paper food containers Pyroxylin Plywood Rubber tires Rags,baled Vegetable oil and butter in plastic containers Rugs,without foamed backing 8101.4.2 Classification of plastics. Sugar,bagged 8101.4.2.1 General. Plastics shall be designated as Group A,B Wood,baled or C in accordance with Section 8101.4.2. Wood doors,frames and cabinets 8101.4.2.2 Group A plastics. Group A plastics are plastic mate- Yarns of natural fiber and viscose rials having a heat of combustion that is much higher than that of 8101.4.1.5 Class IV commodities. Class IV commodities are ordinary combustibles, and a burning rate higher than that of Class I,II or III products containing Group A plastics in ordinary Group B plastics.Examples of Group A plastics include,but are corrugated cartons and Classes 1,II and III products,with Group A not limited to,the following: plastic packaging,with or without pallets. Group B plastics and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) free-flowing Group A plastics are also included in this class.The Acetal(polyformaldehyde) total amount of nonfree-flowing Group A plastics shall be in Acrylic(polymethyl methacrylate) accordance with Section 8101.4.3.Examples of Class IV commo- dities include,but are not limited to,the following: Butyl rubber 1-232 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8101.4.2.2 8101.6.6 EPDM(ethylene-propylene rubber) 8101.5 Designation of High-piled Storage Areas. FRP(fiberglass-reinforced polyester) 8101.5.1 General. High-piled storage areas, and portions of Natural rubber(expanded) high-piled storage areas intended for storage of a different com- Nitrile rubber(acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) modity class than adjacent areas, shall be designed and specifi- cally designated to contain Class I,Class 11,Class III,Class IV or PET or PETE(polyethylene terephthalate) high-hazard commodities. The designation of a high-piled com- Polybutadiene bustible storage area,or portion thereof intended for storage of a different commodity class, shall be based on the highest hazard Polycarbonate commodity class stored except as provided in Section 8101.5.2. Polyester elastomer 8101.5.2 Designation based on engineering analysis. The des- Polyethylene ignation of a high-piled combustible storage area, or portion Polypropylene thereof,is allowed to be based on a lower hazard class than that of the highest class of commodity stored when a limited quantity of Polystyrene(expanded and unexpanded) the higher hazard commodity has been demonstrated by engineer- Polyurethane(expanded and unexpanded) ing analysis to be adequately protected by the sprinkler system provided.The engineering analysis shall consider the ability of the PVC (polyvinyl chloride greater than 15 percent plasticized, sprinkler system to deliver the higher density required by the high- e.g.,coated fabric unsupported film) er-hazard commodity. The higher density shall be based on the SAN(styrene acrylonitrile) actual storage height of the pile or rack and the minimum allow- able design area for sprinkler operation as set forth in the density/ SBR(styrene-butadiene rubber) area figures provided in UFC Standards 81-1 and 81-2. The 8101.4.2.3 Group B plastics. Group B plastics are plastic mate- contiguous area occupied by hi her-hazard commodity shall not rials having a heat of combustion and a burning rate higher than exceed 120 square feet(11.15 m ),and additional areas of higher- that of ordinary combustibles,but not as high as those of Group A hazard commodity shall be separated from other such areas by plastics.Examples of Group B plastics include,but are not limited 25 feet(7620 mm)or more. to,the following: The sprinkler system shall be capable of delivering the higher Cellulosics(cellulose acetate,cellulose acetate butyrate,ethyl density over a minimum area of 900 square feet(83.6 m2)for wet cellulose) pipe systems and 1,200 square feet(111.5 m2)for dry pipe sys- tems.The shape of the design area shall be in accordance with the Chloroprene rubber Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1). Fluoroplastics (ECTFE, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer;ETFE,ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer;FEP, 8101.6 Housekeeping and Maintenance. fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer) 8101.6.1 Rack structures. The structural integrity of racks shall Natural rubber(nonexpanded) be maintained. Nylon(Nylon 6,Nylon 6/6) 8101.6.2 Ignition sources. PVC(polyvinyl chloride greater than 5 percent,but not exceed- ing 15 percent plasticized) 8101.6.2.1 General. Clearance from ignition sources shall be Silicone rubber provided in accordance with Section 1109. 8101.4.2.4 Group C plastics. Group C plastics are plastic mate- 8101.6.2.2 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited. Approved rials which have a heat of combustion and a burning rate similar to NO SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously posted. See Sec- those of ordinary combustibles. Examples of Group C plastics tion 1109.4. include,but are not limited to,the following: Fluoroplastics (PCTFE, polychlorotrifluoroethylene; PTFE, 8101.6.3 Aisle maintenance. When restocking is not being con- polytetrafluoroethylene) ducted, aisles shall be kept clear of storage, waste material and debris. Fire department access doors, aisles and exit doors shall Melamine (melamine formaldehyde) not be obstructed. Phenol During restocking operations using manual stocking methods,a PVC(polyvinyl chloride, rigid or-plasticized less than 5 per- minimum unobstructed aisle width of 24 inches(609.6 mm)shall cent,e.g.,pipe,pipe fittings) be maintained in 48-inch (1219.2 mm) or smaller aisles, and a minimum unobstructed aisle width of one half of the required aisle PVDC(polyvinylidene chloride) width shall be maintained in aisles greater than 48 inches(1219.2 PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) mm).During mechanical stocking operations,a minimum unob- structed aisle width of 44 inches(1117.6 mm)shall be maintained. PVF(polyvinyl fluoride) See Section 8102.10. Urea(urea formaldehyde) 8101.6.4 Pile dimension and height limitations. See Sec- 8101.4.3 Limited quantities of Group A plastics in mixed tion 8103.3. commodities. Figure 8101.4-A shall be used to determine the quantity of Group A plastics allowed to be stored in a package 8101.6.5 Arrays. See Section 8103.4. or carton or on a pallet without increasing the commodity classifi- cation. 8101.6.6 Flue spaces. See Section 8104.3. 1-233 FIGURE 8101.4-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8102—8102.6.1 30 9 Classify as high-hazard commodity 0 25 Co 0 a v 20ca 6 C CL N W (p 0 15 (1) Classify as \ E Class IV o commodity ` X� a 10 3 m c \ C- a) 5 w d Classify \ �• as Class \ a I,II or III 0 commodity \ 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Percent by Weight of Unexpanded Plastic4 FIGURE 8101.4-A—MIXED COMMODITIESI,2 (See Section 8101.4.3) 1This table is intended to determine the commodity classification of a mixed commodity in a package,carton or on a pallet when plastics are involved. 2The following is an example of how to apply the table:A package containing a Class III commodity has 12 percent Group A expanded plastic by volume.The weight of the unexpanded Group A plastic is 10 percent.This commodity is classified as a Class IV commodity.If the weight of the unexpanded plastic is increased to 14 percent,the classification changes to a high-hazard commodity. Volume of plastic in pallet load 3Percent by volume=Total volume of pallet load,including pallet 4Percent by weight Weight of plastic in pallet load = Total weight of pallet load,including pallet SECTION 8102—GENERAL FIRE-PROTECTION AND 8102.3.2.2 Multiclass high-piled storage areas. High-piled LIFE-SAFETY FEATURES storage areas classified as Class I through Class IV not separated from high-piled storage areas classified as high hazard shall uti- 8102.1 General. Fire-protection and life-safety features for lize the aggregate of all high-piled storage areas as high hazard for high-piled storage areas shall be in accordance with Section 8102. purposes of application of Table 81-A.To be considered as sepa- Nationally recognized standards or guidelines,as applicable,are rated, one-hour-rated fire-resistive walls shall be constructed in allowed to be used when approved. accordance with the Building Code.Openings in such walls shall 8102.2 Extent and Type of Protection. Fire-detection systems, be protected by fire assemblies having a one-hour fire-protection smoke and heat removal, curtain boards, small hose valves and rating. stations,and fire sprinkler design densities shall extend the lesser The requirements of Table 81-B shall be applied separately over of 15 feet(4572 mm)beyond the high piled storage area or to a each high-piled storage area for portions of storage areas having permanent partition. When portions of high-piled storage areas different requirements due to commodity classification or storage have different fire-protection requirements due to commodity, height. method of storage or storage height,the fire-protection features required by Table 81-A within this area shall be based on the most 8102.4 Fire Sprinklers. Fire sprinkler systems shall be pro- restrictive design requirements. vided in accordance with Sections 8103 and 8104. 8102.3 Separation of High-piled Storage Areas. 8102.5 Fire Detection. When fire detection is required by Table 81-A, an approved automatic fire-detection system shall be 8102.3.1 Separation from other uses. Mixed occupancies shall installed throughout the high-piled storage area.The system shall be separated per the Building Code. be monitored and shall be in accordance with Section 1007. 8102.3.2 Multiple high-piled storage areas. 8102.6 Building Access. 8102.3.2.1 General. The aggregate of all high-piled storage 8102.6.1 Access roadways. When building access is required areas within a building shall be used for application of Table 81-A by Table 81-A,access roadways shall be provided to within 150 unless such areas are separated from each other by one-hour-rated feet (45.7 mm)of all portions of the exterior walls of buildings fire-resistive walls constructed in accordance with the Building used for high-piled storage. Code.Openings in such walls shall be protected by fire assemblies EXCEPTION: When access roads cannot be installed due to having a one-hour fire-protection rating. topography,railways,waterways,nonnegotiable grades or other simi- 1-234 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8102.6.1 8103.2.1 lar conditions,the chief is authorized to require additional fire protec- 8102.8.3 Location and depth. The location and depth of curtain tion as required for special hazards in Section 1001.9. boards shall be in accordance with Table 81-B. Specifications for fire apparatus access roads shall be in accord- ance with Section 902.2. 8102.9 Hose Stations and Hose Connections. 8102.6.2 Access doors. 8102.9.1 Small hose stations. When small hose valves and sta- tions are required by Table 81-A,approved 11/2-inch(38.1 mm) 8102.6.2.1 General. When building access is required by Table hose valves shall be provided at approved locations. When 81-A, fire department access doors shall be provided in accord- required by the chief,hose,nozzles, hose racks, and cabinets or ance with Section 8102.6.2.Access doors shall be accessible with- covers shall be provided.See UFC Standards 81-1 and 81-2. out the use of a ladder. 8102.9.2 Fire department hose connections. When exit pas- 8102.6.2.2 Number of doors required. One or more access sageways are required by the building code for egress,a Class I doors shall be provided in each 100 lineal feet(30 480 mm),or standpipe system shall be provided in accordance with the Build- major fraction thereof,of the exterior walls which face required ing Code.See UBC Standard 9-2. access roadways. 8102.10 Aisles. 8102.6.2.3 Door size and type. Access doors shall not be less 8102.10.1 General. Aisles providing access to exits and fire than 3 feet(914 mm)in width and 6 feet 8 inches(2032 mm)in department access doors shall be provided in high-piled storage height. Roll-up doors shall not be used unless approved. areas exceeding 500 square feet (46.45 m2) in accordance with Section 8102.10.For aisles separating storage piles or racks,see 8102.6.2.4 Locking devices. Only approved locking devices also UFC Standards 81-1 and 81-2 and Article 88. shall be used. EXCEPTION: Where aisles are precluded by rack storage sys- tems,alternate methods of access and protection are allowed when ap- proved. 8102.7.1 General. When smoke and heat removal are required 8102.10.2 Width. by Table 81-A,smoke and heat vents shall be provided in accord- 8102.10.2.1 General. Aisle width shall be in accordance with ance with Section 8102.7. Section 8102.10.2. EXCEPTIONS: 1. When the installation of smoke and heat vents EXCEPTIONS: 1. Cross aisles used only for employee access is determined by the chief to be impractical, mechanical smoke- between aisles shall be 24 inches(609.6 mm)or more in width. removal systems are allowed to be provided in accordance with UFC Standard 81-3. 2. Aisles separating shelves classified as shelf storage shall be 2. Frozen food storage classified as a Class I or Class II commodity 30 inches(762 mm)or more in width. is not required to be provided with smoke and heat vents or mechanical 8102.10.2.2 Sprinklered buildings. Aisles in sprinklered smoke removal when protected by an automatic sprinkler system. buildings shall be 44 inches(1117.6 mm)or more in width.Aisles 8102.7.2 Types of vents. Smoke and heat vents shall be of an shall be 96 inches (2438.4 mm) or more in width in high-piled approved type and shall be operated automatically by activation of storage areas exceeding 2,500 square feet(232.26 m2)in area and a heat-responsive device rated between 100 and 200°F(55.6 and designated to contain high-hazard commodities. 111.1°C) above estimated ambient temperatures. The heat-re- Aisles shall be 96 inches(2438.4 mm)or more in width in pub- sponsive device shall be listed and labeled.Smoke and heat vents lic accessible areas where mechanical stocking methods are used. shall activate fully when the vent cavity is exposed to a simulated 8102.10.2.3 Nonsprinklered buildings. Aisles in nonsprin- fire or a time/temperature gradient that reaches an air temperature of 500°F(260°C)within five minutes.Smoke and heat vents shall klered buildings shall be 96 inches(2438.4 mm)or more in width. have the capability of being opened by an approved manual opera- 8102.10.3 Clear height. The required aisle width shall extend tion. from floor to ceiling. Rack structural supports and catwalks are 8102.7.3 Vent dimensions. The effective venting area shall not allowed to cross aisles at a height 6 feet 8 inches(2032 mm)or be less than 16 square feet(1.49 m2)with no dimension less than more above the level of the finished floor,provided that such sup- ports do not interfere with fire department hose stream trajectory. 4 feet(1219 mm),excluding ribs or gutters having a total width not exceeding 6 inches(152.4 mm). 8102.10.4 Dead ends. Dead end aisles shall be in accordance 8102.7.4 Vent locations. Smoke and heat vents shall be located with the Building Code(see UBC Chapter 10). in accordance with Table 81-B. Vents shall be located 20 feet 8102.11 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Portable fire extinguish- (6096 mm)or more from lines of adjacent properties and 10 feet ers shall be provided in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1. (3048 mm)or more from occupancy separation walls separating other high-piled storage areas. Vents shall be uniformly located SECTION 6103-SOLID-PILED AND SHELF within the roof area above high-piled storage areas. STORAGE 8102.8 Curtain Boards. 8103.1 General. Shelf storage and storage in solid piles, solid 8102.8.1 General. When curtain boards are required by Table piles on pallets and binbox storage in binboxes not exceeding 81-A, curtain boards shall be provided in accordance with Sec- 5 feet (1524 mm)in any dimension shall be in accordance with tion 8102.8. Sections 8102 and 8103. 8102.8.2 Construction. Curtain boards shall be constructed of 8103.2 Fire Protection. sheet metal,lath and plaster,gypsum wallboard,or other approved 8103.2.1 General. When fire sprinklers are required by Table materials which provide equivalent performance that will resist 81-A, an approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be in- the passage of smoke.Joints and connections shall be smoke tight. stalled throughout the building or to one-hour-rated fire-resistive 1-235 8103.2.1 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8106.1 walls constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Open- Fire protection for records storage racks with solid shelving ings in such walls shall be protected by fire assemblies having shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in UFC one-hour fire-protection ratings.The design and installation of the Standard 81-4. automatic fire sprinkler system and other applicable fire protec- tion shall be in accordance with the Building Code (see UBC 8104.3 Flue Spaces. Flue spaces shall be provided in accord- Standard 9-1)and UFC Standard 81-1. ance with Table 8104.3-A. Required flue spaces shall be main- tained. 8103.2.2 Shelf storage. Shelf storage greater than 12 feet(3658 mm)but less than 15 feet in height shall be in accordance with the 8104.4 Column Protection. Steel building columns shall be fire-protection requirements set forth in UFC Standard 81-1.Shelf protected in accordance with UFC Standard 81-2. storage 15 feet(4572 mm)or more in height shall be protected in an approved manner with special fire protection,such as in-rack 8104.5 Extrahigh-rack Storage Systems. sprinklers. 8104.5.1 Required approvals. Approval of the chief shall be 8103.3 Pile Dimension and Height Limitations. Pile dimen- obtained prior to installing extrahigh-rack combustible storage. sions, the maximum permissible storage height and pile volume 8104.5.2 Fire protection. Buildings with extrahigh-rack com- shall be in accordance with Table 81-A. bustible storage shall be protected with a specially engineered automatic sprinkler system.Extrahigh-rack combustible storage 8103.4 Array. When a fire sprinkler system design utilizes shall be provided with additional special fire protection, such as protection based on a closed array,array clearances shall be pro- separation from other buildings and additional built-in fire- vided and maintained as specified by the standard used. protection features and fire department access,when required by the chief. SECTION 8104—RACK STORAGE SECTION 8105—AUTOMATED STORAGE 8104.1 General. Rack storage shall be in accordance with Sec- 8105.1 General. Automated storage shall be in accordance with tions 8102 and 8104.Binboxes exceeding 5 feet(1524 mm)in any Section 8105. dimension shall be regulated as rack storage. 8105.2 Fire Sprinklers. When fire sprinklers are required by 8104.2 Fire Protection. Table 81-A,an approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the building. The design and installation of 8104.2.1 General. When fire sprinklers are required by Table the automatic fire sprinkler system shall be in accordance with the 81-A, an approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1)and nationally recognized installed throughout the building or to one-hour fire-resistive standards. walls constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Open- 8105.3 Carousel Storage. High- iled storage areas having ings in such walls shall be protected by fire assemblies having greater than 500 square feet(46.5 in )of carousel storage shall be one-hour fire-protection ratings.The design and installation of the provided with automatic shutdown in accordance with one of the automatic fire sprinkler system and other applicable fire protec- following: tion shall be in accordance with the Building Code (see UBC Standard 9-1)and UFC Standard 81-2. 1.An automatic smoke-detection system with coverage extend- ing 15 feet(4575 mm)in all directions beyond unenclosed carou- 8104.2.2 Plastic pallets and shelves. Storage on plastic pallets sel storage systems which sounds a local alarm at the operator's or plastic shelves shall be protected by approved specially engi- station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation neered fire-protection systems. of a single detector, 2.An automatic smoke-detection system within enclosed car- 8104.2.3 Racks with solid shelving. ousel storage systems which sounds a local alarm at the operator's station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation 8104.2.3.1 General. Racks with solid shelving having an area of a single detector,or greater than 32 square feet(2.97 m2),measured between approved flue spaces at all four edges of the shelf, shall be in accordance 3.A single dead-man type control switch that allows the opera- with Section 8104.2.3. tion of the carousel storage system only when the operator is pres- ent.The switch shall be in the same room as the carousel storage EXCEPTIONS: 1. Racks with mesh, grated, slatted or similar system and located to provide for observation of the carousel sys- shelves having uniform openings not more than 6 inches(152.4 mm) tem. apart,comprising at least 50 percent of overall shelf area,and with approved flue spaces,are allowed to be treated as racks without solid shelves. I 2.Racks used for the storage of combustible paper records,with sol- SECTION 8106—SPECIALTY STORAGE id shelving,shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 81-4. 8106.1 General. Records storage facilities used for the rack or 8104.2.3.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for racks with solid shelf storage of combustible paper records greater than 12 feet shelving shall be in accordance with the requirements for racks (3658 mm) in height shall be in accordance with Sections 8102 with solid shelving set forth in UFC Standard 81-2 or other nation- and 8104 and UFC Standard 81-4. Palletized storage of records ally recognized standards. See Article 90,Standard f.1.1. shall be in accordance with Section 8103.1. 1-236 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 81-A TABLE 81-B TABLE 81-A—GENERAL FIRE-PROTECTION AND LIFE-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS SOLID-PILED STORAGE,SHELF STORAGE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ALL STORAGE AREAS(see Sections 8102,8103 and 8104)2 (see Section 8103.3) SIZE OF HIGH-PILED -- Maximum STORAGE AREAL(square feet) Automatic Fire- Maximum Permissible Maximum Pile (See Sections 8102.2 extinguishing Fire-detection Building Smoke and Curtain Small Hose pile Dimen- Storage Volume and 8102.4 System(See System(See Access(See Heat Removal Boards(See Valves and Sta- sion3(feet) Height4 feet) (cubic feet) ' COMMODITY Section Section Section (See Section Section tions(See Sec- CLASS x 0.0929 for mZ 8102.4) 8102.5) 8102.6) 8102.7) 8102.8) tion 8102.9) x 3048 for mm x 0.0283 for m3 I-IV 0-500 NRI NR NR5 NR NR6 NR NR NR NR I 501-2,500 NRI Yes NR5 NR NR6 NR 100 40 100,000 2,501-12,000 Yes NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 100 40 400,000 Public accessible 2,501-12,000 Yes NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 100 40 400,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 1) 2,501-12,000 NRI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 100 307 200,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 2) 12,001-20,000 Yes NR Yes Yes Yes Yes 100 40 400,000 20,001-500,000 Yes NR Yes Yes Yes Yes 100 40 400,000 Greater than Yes NR Yes Yes Yes Yes 100 40 400,000 500,0008 High 0-500 NRI NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 50 NR NR ' hazard 501-2,500 Yes NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 50 30 75,000 Public accessible 501-2,500 Yes NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 50 30 75,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 1) 501-2,500 NRI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 50 20 50,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 2) 2,501-300,000 Yes NR Yes Yes Yes Yes 50 30 75,000 300,001-500,0008.9 Yes NR Yes Yes Yes Yes 50 30 75,000 NR = Not required. I When fire sprinklers are required for reasons other than Article 81,the portion of the sprinkler system protecting the high-piled storage area shall be designed and I installed in accordance with Sections 8103 and 8104. 217or aisles,see Section 8102.10. 3Piles shall be separated by aisles complying with Section 8102.10. 417or storage in excess of the height indicated,special fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Footnote 8 when required by the chief.See also Articles 79 and 88 for special limitations for flammable and combustible liquids and aerosols. 5Section 902.2 shall apply for fire apparatus access. 6Curtain boards shall be installed as required by the Building Code.See UBC Section 906. 717or storage exceeding 30 feet(914 mm)in height,Option 1 shall be used. 8Special fire-protection provisions such as,but not limited to,fire protection of exposed steel columns;increased sprinkler density;additional in-rack sprinklers, without associated reductions in ceiling sprinkler density;or additional fire department hose connections shall be provided when required by the chief. 9High-piled storage areas shall not exceed 500,000 square feet(46 451.5 m2).A two-hour area separation wall shall be used to divide high-piled storage exceeding 500,000 square feet(46 451.5 m2)in area. TABLE 81-13—REQUIREMENTS FOR CURTAIN BOARDS AND SMOKE VENTINGI (See Sections 8102.7.4 and 8102.8.3) MAXIMUM AREA FORMED MAXIMUM SPACING MAXIMUM DISTANCE TO DESIGNATED STORAGE CURTAIN BOARD BY CURTAIN BOARDS2 OF VENT CENTERS VENTS FROM WALL OR HEIGHT(feet) DEPTH(feet) (square feet) VENT AREA TO FLOOR (feet) CURTAIN BOARDS3(feet) COMMODITY CLASSIFICATION x 3048 for mm x 0.0929 for m2 AREA RATIO x 3048 for mm I-IV 20 or less 6 10,000 1:100 100 60 (Option 1) over 20-40 6 8,000 1:75 100 55 I-IV 20 or less 4 3,000 1:75 100 55 (Option 2) over 20-40 4 3,000 1:50 100 50 High hazard 20 or less 6 6,000 1:50 100 50 (Option 1) over 20-30 6 6,000 1:40 90 45 High hazard 20 or less 4 4,000 1:50 100 50 (Option 2) over 20-30 4 2,000 1:30 75 40 Tor rack storage heights in excess of those indicated,see Section 8104.5.For solid-piled storage heights in excess of those indicated,an approved engineered design shall be used. 2When areas of buildings are equipped with early suppression-fast response(ESFR)sprinklers,the curtain boards within these areas shall be located only at the I separation between ESFR and conventional sprinkler systems. 3The distance specified is the maximum distance from any vent in a particular curtained area to walls or curtain boards which form the perimeter of the curtained area. 1-237 TABLE 8104.3-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 8104.3-A—REQUIRED FLUE SPACES FOR RACK STORAGE1 SPRINKLER AT THE CEILING WITH OR IN-RACK WITHOUT MINIMUM IN-RACK SPRINKLERS AT NON, SPRNKLERS EVERY TIER SPRINKLERED FIRE SPRINKLER PROTECTION s 25 feet(7620 mm) RACK CONFIGURATION Storage Height Option 1 Option 2 >25 feet 9 9 P P (7620 mm) Any Height Any Height Single-Row Rack Transverse Flue Space Size2(x 25.4 for mm) 3 inch NA 3 inch NR NR Vertically Aligned NR NA Yes NA NR Longitudinal Flue Space NR NA NR NR NR Double-Row Rack Transverse Flue Space Size2(x 25.4 for mm) 6 inch3 3 inch 3 inch NR NR Vertically Aligned NR3 NR Yes NA NR Longitudinal Flue Space NR3 6 inch 6 inch NR NR Multi-Row Rack Transverse Flue Space I Size2(x 25.4 for mm) 6 inch NA 6 inch NR NR Vertically Aligned NR NA Yes NA NR Longitudinal Flue Space NR NA NR NR NR 1NR means"not required."NA means"not applicable." 2Random variations are allowed,provided that the configuration does not obstruct water penetration. 3This option is not allowed with ESFR sprinkler protection. 1-238 17.56.195 UFC Section 8102.10.2 High Piled Stock Aisle Width. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) UFC Section 8102.10.2 is amended to read as follows: (3317-1196, 3430-7199) During the stocking operation, a minimum exit width of forty-four(44) inches shall be maintained. (3317-1/96) Add UFC Section 8102.10.2.1 to read as follows: (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 3. Exceptions: When cross aisles are provided the maximum required width shall be fourteen (14) feet. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8201 8204.4 ARTICLE 82- LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES SECTION 8201 —SCOPE 8203.2.1.5 Educational and institutional uses. In occupancies used for educational and institutional purposes,portable LP-gas Storage, handling and transportation of LP-gas and the installa- containers are allowed to be used for research and experimenta- tion of equipment pertinent to systems for such uses shall be in ac- tion. Such containers shall not be used in classrooms.Such con- cordance with Article 82.For determining properties of LP-gases, tainers shall not exceed a 50-pound(22.7 kg)water capacity in see UFC Standard 82-1,Appendix B. occupancies used for educational purposes and shall not exceed a 12-pound(5.4 kg)water capacity in occupancies used for institu- SECTION 8202—PERMITS, PLANS AND RECORDS tional purposes.When more than one such container is present in the same room,each container shall be separated from other con- 8202.1 Permits and Plans. For a permit to store,use,handle or tainers by a distance of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm). dispense LP-gas,or to install or maintain an LP-gas container see 8203.2.1.6 Demonstration uses. Portable LP-gas containers Section 105,Permit 1.1. are allowed to be used temporarily for demonstrations and public EXCEPTION:A permit is not required to install or maintain porta- exhibitions.Such containers shall not exceed a 12-pound(5.4 kg) ble containers of less than 125-gallon(473.2 L)aggregate water capac- water capacity.When more than one such container is present in ity. the same room,each container shall be separated from other con- Distributors shall not fill an LP-gas container for which a permit tainers by a distance of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm). is required unless a permit for installation has been issued for that 8203.2.1.7 Use with self-contained torch assemblies. Portable location by the chief. LP-gas containers are allowed to be used to supply approved self- Where a single container is over 2,000-gallon(7571 L)water contained torch assemblies or similar appliances.Such containers ' capacity or the aggregate capacity of containers is over 4,000-gal- shall not exceed a 21/2-pound(1.13 kg)water capacity. Ion(15 142 L)water capacity,the installer shall submit plans for 8203.2.1.8 Use for food preparation. When approved, listed such installation. LP-gas commercial food service appliances are allowed to be used 8202.2 Records. Installers shall maintain a record of installa- for food preparation within restaurants and in attended commer- tions for which a permit is not required by Section 105 and have cial food catering operations. See UFC Standard 82-1, Sections such record available for inspection by the chief. 3-4.8.4 and 5-3.1.1,Exception 1. EXCEPTION: Installation of gas-burning appliances and re- 8203.2.2 Industrial vehicles and floor maintenance ma- placement of portable cylinders. chines. Containers on industrial vehicles and floor mainte- nance machines shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 82-1, SECTION 8203—INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT Section 3-6. 8203.3 Location of Equipment and Piping. Equipment and 8203.1 General. Liquefied petroleum gas equipment shall be piping shall not be installed in locations where such equipment installed in accordance with UFC Standard 82-1,except as other- and piping is prohibited by the Mechanical Code. wise provided in Article 82 and"in other laws or regulations. 8203.2 Use of LP-gas Containers in Buildings. SECTION 8204—LOCATION OF CONTAINERS 8203.2.1 Portable containers. 8204.1 General. The storage and transportation of LP-gas and the installation and maintenance of pertinent equipment shall be in 8203.2.1.1 General. Portable LP-gas containers, as defined in accordance with UFC Standard 82-1 and subject to the approval of UFC Standard 82-1, shall not be used in buildings except as the chief,except as provided in Article 82. specified in UFC Standard 82-1 and Section 8203.2.1. 8204.2 Maximum Capacity within Established Lim- 8203.2.1.2 Use in basement, pit or similar location. LP-gas its. Within the limits established by law restricting the storage of containers shall not be used in a basement,pit or similar location LP-gas for the protection of heavily populated or congested com- where heavier-than-air gas might collect.LP-gas containers shall mercial areas,the aggregate capacity of any one installation shall not be used in an above-grade underfloor space or basement unless not exceed a 2,000-gallon (7571 L)water capacity (see sample such location is provided with an approved means of ventilation. adoption ordinance,Section 5). EXCEPTION:Use with self-contained torch assemblies in accord- 8204.3 Container Location. Containers shall be located with ance with Section 8203.2.1.7. respect to buildings,public ways,and lines of adjoining property 8203.2.1.3 Construction and temporary heating. Portable which can be built on in accordance with Table 8204-A. containers are allowed to be used in buildings or areas of buildings Containers shall also be located with respect to special hazards undergoing construction or for temporary heating as set forth in such as aboveground flammable or combustible liquid tanks, UFC Standard 82-1,Sections 3-4.3,3-4.4,3-4.5 and 3-4.7. oxygen or gaseous hydrogen containers, flooding or electric 8203.2.1.4 Industrial uses. In occupancies used for industrial power lines as specified in UFC Standard 82-1,Section 3-2.2.6. purposes, portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used to 8204.4 Multiple Container Installation. Multiple container supply quantities necessary for processing, research or exper- installations with a total water storage capacity of more than imentation. When manifolded, the aggregate water capacity of 180,000 gallons(681 374 L)[150,000-gallon(567 811 L)LP-gas such containers shall not exceed 735 pounds(333.4 kg)per man- capacity] shall be subdivided into groups containing not more ifold.When multiple manifolds of such containers are present in than 180,000 gallons(681374 L)in each group.Such groups shall the same room,each manifold shall be separated from other man- be separated by a distance of not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm), ifolds by a distance of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm). unless the containers are: 1-239 8204.4 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8212.9 1. Mounded in an approved manner, SECTION 8211 -FIRE PROTECTION 2. Protected with approved insulation on areas that are subject 8211.1 General. Fire protection shall be provided for installa- to impingement of ignited gas from pipelines or other leakage, tions having storage containers of more than a 4,000-gallon 3. Protected by firewalls of approved construction, (15 141 L) water capacity, as required by UFC Standard 82-1, Section 3-10. 4. Protected by an approved system for application of water as specified in UFC Standard 82-1,Table 3-2.2.4,or 8211.2 Fire Extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall be provided as specified in UFC Standard 82-1,and in accordance with UFC 5. Protected by other approved means. Standard 10-1. Where one of these forms of protection is provided,the separation shall not be less than 25 feet(7620 mm)between container groups. SECTION 8212-STORAGE OF PORTABLE CONTAINERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE SECTION 8205-PROHIBITED USE OF LP-GAS 8212.1 General. Storage of portable containers of 1,000 pounds (453.6 kg)or less,whether filled,partially filled or empty,at con- 8205.1 Nonapproved Equipment. Liquefied petroleum gas sumer sites or distributing points,and for resale by dealers or re- shall not be used for the purpose of operating devices or equip- sellers shall be in accordance with Section 8212. ment unless such device or equipment is approved for use with EXCEPTIONS: 1. Containers which have not previously been in LP-gas. LP-gas service. 8205.2 Release to the Atmosphere. Liquefied petroleum gas 2• Containers at distributing plants. shall not be released to the atmosphere, except through an ap- 3. Containers at consumer sites or distributing points,which are proved liquid-level gauge or other approved device. connected for use. 8212.2 Exposure hazards. Containers in storage shall be lo- cated in a manner which minimizes exposure to excessive temper- SECTION 8206-DISPENSING AND OVERFILLING ature rise,physical damage or tampering. 8206.1 Attendants. Dispensing of LP-gases shall be performed 8212.3 Position. Containers in storage having individual water by a qualified attendant. capacity greater than 21/2 pounds(1.3 kg)[nominal 1-pound(0.45 kg)LP-gas capacity] shall be positioned with the pressure-relief 8206.2 Overfilling. Liquefied petroleum gas containers shall valve in direct communication with the vapor space of the not be filled or maintained with LP-gas in excess of the fixed out- container. age gauge installed by the manufacturer or the weight stamped on the tank. 8212.4 Separation from means of egress. Containers stored in buildings in accordance with Sections 8212.9 and 8212.11 shall 8206.3 Dispensing Locations. The point of transfer of LP-gas not be located near exit-access doors,exits,stairways,or in areas from one container to another shall be separated from exposures as normally used, or intended to be used, for the safe egress of specified in UFC Standard 82-1,Section 4-3. people. 8212.5 Quantity. Empty containers which have been in LP-gas SECTION 8207-SAFETY DEVICES service shall be considered as full containers for the purpose of determining the maximum quantities of LP-gas allowed in Sec- Safety devices on LP-gas containers,equipment and systems shall tions 8212.9 and 8212.11. not be tampered with or made ineffective. 8212.E Storage on roofs. Containers which are not connected for use shall not be stored on roofs. SECTION 8208-SMOKING AND OTHER SOURCES 8212.7 Storage in basement,pit or similar location. Liquefied OF IGNITION petroleum gas containers shall not be stored in a basement,pit or NO SMOKING signs shall be posted when required by the chief. similar location where heavier-than-air gas might collect.Lique- Smoking within 15 feet(4572 mm)of a point of transfer,while fied petroleum gas containers shall not be stored in above-grade filling operations are in progress at containers or vehicles,shall be underfloor spaces or basements unless such location is provided prohibited. with an approved means of ventilation. For control of other sources of ignition refer to UFC Standard EXCEPTION:Department of Transportation(DOT)specification cylinders with a maximum water capacity of 21/2 pounds(1.13 kg)for 82-1,Section 3-8. use in completely self-contained hand torches and similar applications. The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 20 pounds(9.07 kg). SECTION 8209-CLEARANCE TO COMBUSTIBLES 8212.8 Protection of Valves on Containers in Storage. Con- tainer valves shall be protected by screw-on-type caps or collars Weeds,grass,brush,trash and other combustible materials shall which shall be securely in place on all containers stored regardless be kept not less than 10 feet(3048 mm)from LP-gas tanks or con- of whether they are full,partially full or empty. Container outlet tainers. valves shall be closed or plugged. 8212.9 Storage within Buildings Accessible to the Public. De- SECTION 8210-PROTECTING CONTAINERS FROM partment of Transportation (DOT) specification cylinders with VEHICLES maximum water capacity of 21/2 pounds (1.13 kg) used in completely self-contained hand torches and similar applications When exposed to probable vehicular damage due to proximity to are allowed to be stored or displayed in a building accessible to the alleys,driveways or parking areas,LP-gas containers,regulators public.The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 200 pounds(90.7 and piping shall be suitably protected. kg)except as provided in Section 8212.11. 1-240 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8212.10 8214.3 8212.10 Storage within Buildings not Accessible to the Public. renovation or repairs,the storage of containers shall be as required 8212.10.1 Maximum quantity. The maximum quantity al- by the chief. lowed in one storage location in buildings not accessible to the public, such as industrial buildings, shall not exceed 735-pound SECTION 8213—CONTAINERS NOT IN SERVICE (333.4 kg)water capacity [nominal 300 pounds(136 kg)of LP- 8213.1 Temporarily Out of Service. Containers whose normal gas].If additional storage locations are required on the same floor use has been temporarily discontinued shall: within the same building,they shall be separated by a minimum of 300 feet(91.4 m).Storage beyond these limitations shall be in ac- 1. Be disconnected from appliance piping, cordance with Section 8212.11. 2. Have container outlets, except relief valves, closed or 8212.10.2 Quantities on equipment and vehicles. Containers plugged,and carried as part of service equipment on highway mobile vehicles 3. Be positioned with the relief valve in direct communication need not be considered in the total storage capacity in Section with container vapor space. 8212.10.1, provided such vehicles are stored in private garages and do not carry more than three LP-gas containers with a total 8213.2 Permanently Out of Service. Containers to be placed aggregate LP-gas capacity not exceeding 100 pounds (45.4 kg) permanently out of service shall be removed from the site. per vehicle.Container valves shall be closed. 8212.11 Storage within Rooms Used for Gas Manufacturing. SECTION 8214—PARKING AND GARAGING 8212.11.1 General. Storage within buildings or rooms used for 8214.1 General. Parking of LP-gas tank vehicles shall be in ac- gas manufacturing,gas storage,gas-air mixing and vaporization, cordance with Section 8214. and compressors not associated with liquid transfer shall be in EXCEPTION:In cases of accident,breakdown or other emergen- accordance with Section 8212.11. cies,tank vehicles are allowed to be parked and left unattended at any location while the operator is obtaining assistance. 8212.11.2 Quantity limits. The maximum quantity of LP-gas 8214.2 Unattended Parking. shall be 10,000 pounds(4536 kg). 8214.2.1 Near residential,educational and institutional occu- 8212.11.3 Construction. The construction of such buildings pancies and other high risk areas. Liquefied petroleum gas and rooms shall comply with requirements for Group H Occupan- tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any time on residential cies in the Building Code;UFC Standard 82-1,Chapter 7;and the streets or within 500 feet(152.4 mm)of a residential area,apart- following: ment or hotel complex,educational facility,hospital,or care facil- 1. Adequate vents shall be provided to the outside at both top ity.Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any other place and bottom, located at least 5 feet (1524 mm) from building that would,in the opinion of the chief,present an extreme life haz- openings,and ard. 2. The entire area shall be classified for the purposes of igni- 8214.2.2 Durations exceeding one hour. Liquefied petroleum tion source control in accordance with UFC Standard 82-1,Sec- gas tank vehicles parked at any one point for longer than one hour tion 3-8. shall be located as follows: 8212.12 Location of Storage outside of Buildings. Storage 1.Off of streets,highways,avenues or alleys,and outside of buildings,for containers awaiting use or resale,shall be 2.Inside of a bulk plant,or located in accordance with Table 8212-A. 3.At other approved locations not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm) 8212.13 Protection of Containers. Containers shall be stored from buildings other than those approved for the storage or servic- within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protected against ing of such vehicles. tampering. 8214.3 Garaging. Garaging of tank vehicles used for the trans- 8212.14 Alternate Location and Protection of Storage. When portation of LP-gases shall be as specified in UFC Standard 82-1. the provisions of Sections 8212.12 and 8212.13 are impractical at Vehicles with LP-gas fuel systems are allowed to be stored or serv- construction sites,or at buildings or structures undergoing major iced in garages as specified in UFC Standard 82-1,Section 3-6.6. 1-241 TABLE 8204-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 8212-A TABLE 8204-A—LOCATION OF CONTAINERS MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN CONTAINERS AND BUILDINGS,PUBLIC WAYS,OR LINES OF ADJOINING PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON CONTAINER CAPACITY Mounded or Underground Aboveground MINIMUMONTAIN SEPARATION 3 9 9 BETWEEN CONTAINERS (water gallons) Containers[(feet) ContainerS2(feet) (feet) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm Less than 1253,4 10 55 None 125 to 250 10 10 None 251 to 500 10 10 3 501 to 2,000 10 255,6 3 2,001 to 30,000 50 50 5 30,001 to 70,000 50 75 (1/4 of sum of 70,001 to 90,000 50 100 diameters of 90,001 to 120,000 50 125 adjacent containers) 1Minimum distance for underground containers shall be measured from the pressure-relief device and the filling or liq- uid-level gauge vent connection at the container,except that all parts of an underground container shall be 10 feet(3048 mm)or more from a building or line of adjoining property which can be built upon. ZIn applying the distance between buildings and ASME containers of a 125-gallon(473.2 L)or more water capacity,a mini- mum of 50 percent of this horizontal distance shall also apply to all portions of the building which project more than 5 feet (1524 mm)from the building wall and which are higher than the relief valve discharge outlet.This horizontal distance shall be measured from a point determined by projecting the outside edge of such overhanging structure vertically downward to grade or other level upon which the container is installed.Distances to the building wall shall not be less than those pre- scribed in Table 8204-A. EXCEPTION: Installations in which the overhanging structure is 50 feet(15 240 mm)or more above the re- lief-valve discharge outlet. 3When underground multicontainer installations are comprised of individual containers having a water capacity of 125 gal- lons(473.2 L)or more,such containers shall be installed so as to provide access at their ends or sides to facilitate working with cranes or hoists. 4At a consumer site,if the aggregate water capacity of a multicontainer installation,comprised of individual containers having a water capacity of less than 125 gallons(473.2 L),is 500 gallons(1892.7 L)or more,the minimum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of Table 8204-A,applying the aggregate capacity rather than the capacity per contain- er.If more than one such installation is made,each installation shall be separated from other installations by at least 25 feet (7620 mm).Minimum distances between containers need not be applied. 5The following shall apply to aboveground containers installed alongside buildings: 1. Containers of less than a 125-gallon(473.2 L)water capacity are allowed next to the building they serve when in com- pliance with Items 2,3 and 4. 2. Department of Transportation specification containers shall be located and installed so that the discharge from the container pressure-relief device is at least 3 feet(914 mm)horizontally from building openings below the level of such discharge and shall not be beneath buildings unless the space is well ventilated to the outside and is not enclosed for more than 50 percent of its perimeter.The discharge from container pressure-relief devices shall be located not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)from exterior sources of ignition,openings into direct-vent(sealed combustion system)appliances or mechanical ventilation air intakes. 3. ASME containers of less than a 125-gallon(473.2 L)water capacity shall be located and installed such that the discharge from pressure-relief devices shall not terminate in or beneath buildings and shall be located at least 5 feet (1524 mm)horizontally from building openings below the level of such discharge and not less than 5 feet(1524 mm) from exterior sources of ignition,openings into direct-vent(sealed combustion system)appliances,or mechanical ventilation air intakes. 4. The filling connection and the vent from liquid level gauges on either DOT or ASME containers filled at the point of installation shall not be less than 10 feet(3048 mm)from exterior sources of ignition,openings into direct-vent(sealed combustion system)appliances,or mechanical ventilation air intakes. 6This distance is allowed to be reduced to not less than 10 feet(3048 mm)for a single container of 1,200-gallon(4542 L)water capacity or less,provided such container is at least 25 feet(7620 mm)from other LP-gas containers of more than 125-gal- Ion(473.2 L)water capacity. TABLE 8212-A—LOCATION OF CONTAINERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE STORED OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS DISTANCES TO A BUILDING OR GROUP OF BUILDINGS,PUBLIC QUANTITY OF LP-GAS STORED WAY,OR LINE OF PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON(feet) x 0.45 for kg x 304.8 for mm 500 lb.or less 0 501 to 2,500 lb. 101 2,501 to 6,000 lb. 15 6,001 to 10,000 lb. 20 Over 10,000 lb. 25 1Containers may be located a lesser distance to buildings when approved. 1-242 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 83 (NOT USED) 1-243 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8401 8405.2 ARTICLE 84- MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION SECTION 8401 —SCOPE SECTION 8403—SMOKING The use of ribbon-type cellulose acetate and other safety film in Smoking and other sources of ignition shall be prohibited within conjunction with electric arc,xenon or other light source projec- projection rooms in which cellulose nitrate film is allowed.Con- tion equipment which develops hazardous gases,dust or radiation spicuous NO SMOKING signs shall be posted in the room. and the projection of ribbon-type cellulose nitrate film,regardless of the light source used in projection,shall be in accordance with SECTION 8404—PROJECTION EQUIPMENT Article 84. Projection equipment or film which is in a hazardous condition SECTION 8402—PROJECTION ROOMS shall not be used. 8402.1 General. Motion picture projection machines shall be SECTION 8405—FILM STORAGE AND USE operated within a motion picture projection room complying with the Building Code. 8405.1 Cellulose Nitrate. Cellulose nitrate film shall not be used or stored unless within an enclosed film magazine, an 8402.2 Safety Film. Projection rooms which are limited to the approved storage cabinet or a transportation container.Rewinding projection of safety film shall be posted on the outside of each of cellulose nitrate film shall be performed within an enclosed projection room door and within the projection room with a film rewind machine. Examination of film on an open hand conspicuous sign having 1-inch (25.4 mm)block letters stating rewind machine shall not involve more than one reel outside of an SAFETY FILM ONLY IS PERMITTED IN THIS ROOM. approved container at any time. 8402.3 Fire Extinguishers. Two approved fire extinguishers 8405.2 Safety Film. Safety film, which is not mounted for with a minimum 10-B:C rating shall be installed and maintained projection, shall be stored in approved transportation containers ready for use in projection rooms. or an approved film cabinet. 1-245 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8501 8509.3 ARTICLE 85- ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND WIRING SECTION 8501 —SCOPE 8506.2.3 Power supply. Extension cords shall be plugged di- rectly into an approved receptacle,power tap or multiplug adapter Permanent and temporary use electrical appliances, fixtures, and shall, except for approved multiplug extension cords, serve motors and wiring shall be in accordance with Article 85. only one portable appliance. EXCEPTION: Low-voltage wiring,such as communications and signal wiring. 8506.2.4 Ampacity. The ampacity of the extension cords shall Article 85 shall be enforced in cooperation with the authority not be less than the rated capacity of the portable appliance having jurisdiction for the enforcement of the Electrical Code. supplied by the cord. 8506.2.5 Maintenance. The extension cords shall be main- SECTION 8502—DEFINITIONS tained in good condition without splices,deterioration or damage. For definitions of APPLIANCE, PORTABLE; APPLIANCE, 8506.2.6 Grounding. Extension cords shall be grounded when STATIONARY; EXTENSION CORD; FLEXIBLE CORD; servicing grounded portable appliances. MULTIPLUG ADAPTER; PANEL BOARD, ELECTRICAL; PERMANENT WIRING; POWER TAP; RECEPTACLE; 8506.3 Installation. Extension cords and flexible cords shall SWITCHBOARD, ELECTRICAL; and TEMPORARY WIR- not be affixed to structures;extend through walls,ceilings,floors, ING,see Article 2. under doors or floor coverings;or be subject to environmental or physical damage. SECTION 8503—USE OF TEMPORARY WIRING 8503.1 During Construction. Temporary wiring for electrical SECTION 8507—MULTIPLUG ADAPTERS power and lighting installations is allowed during periods of con- Multiplug adapters, such as multiplug extension cords, cube struction, remodeling, repair or demolition of buildings, struc- adapters, strip plugs and other devices, that do not comply with tures,equipment or similar activities. this code or the Electrical Code shall not be used. 8503.2 During Special Events and Holidays. Temporary wir- ing for electrical power and lighting installations is allowed for a SECTION 8508—POWER TAPS period not to exceed 90 days for Christmas decorative lighting, carnivals and similar purposes,and for experimental or develop- 8508.1 General. The use of power taps shall be in accordance mental work. with Section 8508. 8503.3 Attachment to Structures. When temporary wiring is 8508.2 Design. Power taps shall be of the polarized or grounded attached to a structure,it shall be attached in an approved manner. type,having overcurrent protection,and shall be listed. SECTION 8504—ABATEMENT OF ELECTRICAL 8508.3 Power Supply. The power taps shall be directly con- HAZARDS nected to a permanently installed receptacle. When electrical hazards are identified, measures to abate such 8508.4 Installation. Power tap cords shall not extend through conditions shall be taken. Identified hazardous electrical Falls,ceilings,floors,under doors or floor coverings,or be sub- conditions in permanent wiring or temporary wiring shall be ject to environmental or physical damage. corrected in cooperation with the authority enforcing the Electrical Code. SECTION 8509—ACCESS TO SWITCHBOARDS AND Electrical wiring, devices, appliances and other equipment PANELBOARDS which are modified or damaged and constitute an electrical shock or fire hazard shall not be used. 8509.1 General. Work space around switchboards and panel- boards shall be provided and maintained as required by the Elec- trical Code. Such space shall not be used for storage. SECTION 8505—ELECTRICAL MOTORS 8509.2 Access. A clear and unobstructed means of access with a Electrical motors shall be maintained in a manner free from minimum width of 30 inches(762 mm)and a minimum height of accumulations of oil, dirt, waste and other debris which will 78 inches(1981 mm)shall be maintained from the operating face interfere with required motor ventilation or create a fire hazard. of the switchboard or panelboard to an aisle or corridor. EXCEPTIONS:1.Where reduced dimensions are allowed by the SECTION 8506—EXTENSION CORDS AND FLEXIBLE Electrical Code. CORDS 2. Access openings into attics or under-floor areas which provide I 8506.1 General. Extension cords shall not be used as a substi- a minimum clear opening of 22 inches by 30 inches(559 mm by 762 tute for permanent wiring. mm). 8509.3 Labeling. Doors into electrical control panel rooms shall 8506.2 Use with Portable Appliances. be marked with a plainly visible and legible sign stating 8506.2.1 General. The use of extension cords shall be in accord- ELECTRICAL ROOM or similar approved wording. The ance with Section 8506.2. disconnecting means for each service, feeder or branch circuit originating on a switchboard or panelboard shall be legibly and 8506.2.2 Applications. Extension cords shall be used only with durably marked to indicate its purpose unless such purpose is portable appliances. clearly evident. 1-247 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ARTICLE 86 (NOT USED) 1-249 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8701 8704.15 ARTICLE 87- FIRESAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION OR DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING SECTION 8701 -SCOPE On each floor there shall be provided a 21/2-inch (63.5 mm) B valve outlet for fire department use.Where construction height re- B Buildings undergoing construction,alteration or demolition shall quires installation of a Class III standpipe,fire pumps and water B be in accordance with Article 87. main connections shall be provided to serve the standpipe. B 8704.43.2 Temporary standpipes. Temporary standpipes are B SECTION 8702-PERMITS allowed to be provided in place of permanent systems if they are B designed to furnish 500 gallons(1893 L)of water per minute at B For permits to conduct asbestos-removal operations regulated by 50 pounds per square inch (345 kPa) pressure with a standpipe B Section 8707,see Section 105,Permit a.4. size of not less than 4 inches(101.6 mm).All outlets shall not be B less than 21/2 inches(63.5 mm).Pumping equipment sufficient to B provide this pressure and volume shall be available at all times B SECTION 8703-APPROVALS B when a Class III standpipe system is required. B Approval of the safety precautions required for buildings being B 8704.4.3.3 Detailed requirements. Standpipe systems for B constructed,altered or demolished may be required by the chief in buildings under construction shall be installed as required for per- B addition to other approvals required for specific operations or pro- manent standpipe s stems. B cesses associated with such construction,alteration or demolition. y EXCEPTION: Buildings designated as Group R,Division 3 or 8704.5 Combustible Debris. Combustible debris shall not be Group U do not require approval of safety precautions. accumulated within buildings. Combustible debris, rubbish and waste material shall be removed from buildings as often as practi- cal. Combustible debris, waste material and trash shall not be SECTION 8704-FIRESAFETY DURING burned on the site unless approved. CONSTRUCTION 8704.E Motor Equipment. Internal-combustion-powered con- 8704.1 General. Buildings under construction shall be in ac- struction equipment shall be used in accordance with the follow- cordance with Section 8704. ing: 8704.2 Access Roads. Fire department access roads shall be es- 1. Equipment shall be located so that exhausts do not discharge tablished and maintained in accordance with Section 902. against combustible material, EXCEPTION: When approved, temporary access roads of a 2. When possible,exhausts shall be piped to the outside of the width,vertical clearance and surface which provide access for fire de- building, partment apparatus are allowed to be used until permanent roads are in- 3. Equipment shall not be refueled while in operation,and stalled. 4. Fuel for equipment shall be stored in an approved area out- 8704.3 Water Supply. Water mains and hydrants shall be in- side of the building. stalled and operational in accordance with Section 903. 8704.7 Heating Devices. Temporary heating devices shall be of EXCEPTION: When approved,a temporary water supply for fire protection is allowed to be used until permanent fire-protection sys- an approved type,located away from combustible materials,and tems are installed. attended and maintained by competent personnel. 8704.4 Fire Protection. 8704.8 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited,except in those areas approved.When required by the chief,a suitable number and B 8704.4.1 General. During the construction of a building and un- type of NO SMOKING signs shall be posted. B til the permanent fire-extinguishing system has been installed and B is in service,fire protection shall be provided in accordance with 8704.9 Cutting and Welding. Cutting and welding operations B Section 8704. shall be in accordance with Article 49. 8704.4.2 Fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall be pro- 8704.10 Flame-producing Equipment. The use of torches or vided for buildings under construction when required by the chief. flame-producing devices for the sweating of pipe joints shall be in The number and type of extinguishers shall be as required by the accordance with Article 49. chief,and the type of extinguisher shall be suitable for the type of 8704.11 Flammable Liquids. The storage,use and handling of fire associated with the hazards present. flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79.Ventila- B 8704.4.3 Standpipes. tion shall be provided for operations utilizing the application of B materials containing flammable solvents. B 8704.4.3.1 Where required. Every building four stories or 8704.12 Open-flame Devices. Open-flame devices and other B more in height shall be provided with not less than one standpipe sources of ignition shall not be located in areas where flammable B for use during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed materials are being used. B when the progress of construction is not more than 35 feet(10 668 B mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department access. 8704.13 Asphalt and Tar Kettles. Asphalt and tar kettles shall B Such standpipe shall be provided with fire department hose be located and operated in accordance with Section 1105. B connections at accessible locations adjacent to usable stairs and 8704.14 Temporary Electrical Wiring. Temporary electrical B the standpipe outlets shall be located adjacent to such usable wiring shall be in accordance with Section 8503. y B stairs. Such standpipe systems shall be extended as construction B progresses to within one floor of the highest point of construction 8704.15 Building Access. When required by the chief,access to B having secured decking or flooring. buildings for the purpose of firefighting shall be provided.Con- 1-251 8704.15 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8707.4 struction material shall not block access to buildings,hydrants or 8706.4 Cutting and Welding. Demolition operations involving fire appliances. cutting and welding shall be in accordance with Article 49. 8704.16 Emergency Telephone. When required by the chief, 8706.5 Burning of Combustible Waste. Combustible waste telephone facilities shall be provided at the construction site for material, trash and rubbish shall not be burned at the demolition the purpose of emergency notification of the fire department.The site,unless approved.Accumulations of such material shall be re- street address of the construction site shall be posted adjacent to moved from the site as often as necessary to minimize the hazards the telephone together with the fire department telephone number. therefrom. 8704.17 Fire-protection Plan. When required by the chief, a 8706.6 Fire Watch. When required by the chief for building de- fire-protection plan shall be established. molition which is hazardous in nature,qualified personnel shall be provided to serve as an on-site fire watch.The sole duty of fire- SECTION 8705—ALTERATIONS OF BUILDINGS Watch personnel shall be to watch for the occurrence of fire. 8705.1 General. Alterations of buildings shall be in accordance SECTION 8707—ASBESTOS REMOVAL with the Building Code, applicable provisions of Section 8704, and Section 8705. 8707.1 General. Operations involving removal of asbestos or 8705.2 Fire-protection Systems. When the building is pro- asbestos-containing materials from buildings shall be in accord- tected by fire-protection systems, such systems shall be main- ance with Section 8707. tained operational at all times during alteration. EXCEPTION: Section 8707 does not apply to the removal of When alteration requires modification of a portion of a fire- asbestos from: protection system, the remainder of the system shall be kept in 1. Pumps,valves,gaskets and similar equipment. service.When it is necessary to shut down the entire system,a fire 2. Pipes, ducts, girders or beams which have a length less than 21 linear feet(6400 turn). watch shall be kept on site until the system is returned to service. 3. Wall or ceiling panels which have an area of less than 10 square 8705.3 Means of Egress. Required means of egress components feet(0.93 tu2)or a dimension of less than 10 linear feet(3048 mm). shall be maintained in accordance with Article 12. 4. Floor tiles when the duration of work can be completed in less EXCEPTION: Approved temporary means of egress system or than four hours. facilities. 5. Group R,Division 3 Occupancies. 8705.4 Fire-resistive Assemblies and Construction. Fire- 8707.2 Notification. The chief shall be notified 24 hours prior to resistive assemblies and construction shall be maintained in ac- the commencement and closure of asbestos-removal operations. cordance with Section 1111. The permit applicant shall notify the building official when as- bestos abatement involves the removal of materials which were SECTION 8706—FIRESAFETY DURING DEMOLITION used as a feature of the building's fire resistance. 8706.1 General. Demolition of buildings shall be in accordance 8707.3 Plastic Film. Plastic film which is installed on building with Section 8706 and,where applicable,Sections 8704 and 8705. elements shall be flame resistant as required for combustible dec- orative material in accordance with Section 1103.3.3. 8706.2 Automatic Sprinkler System. When a building to be demolished contains a sprinkler system,such system shall not be 8707.4 Signs. Approved signs shall be posted at the entrance, rendered inoperative without approval of the chief. exit and exit-access door,decontamination areas and waste-dispo- sal areas for asbestos-removal operations. The signs shall state 8706.3 Fire Hose. Suitable fire hose, as required by the chief, that asbestos is being removed from the area,that asbestos is a sus- shall be maintained at the demolition site.Such hose shall be con- pected carcinogen and that proper respiratory protection is re- nected to an approved source of water and shall not impede fire quired.Signs shall have a reflective surface and lettering shall be a department use of hydrants. minimum of 2 inches(51 mm)high. 1-252 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8801 8802.2.1 ARTICLE 88-AEROSOL PRODUCTS SECTION 8801 —GENERAL 8802.1.4 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial con- struction, adequately braced and anchored. For seismic require- P g display P ments,see the Building Code. shall be in accordance with Article 88.Aerosols shall be classified as Level 1,2 or 3 in accordance with UFC Standard 88-1. When storage or retail display is on shelves,the height of such storage or retail display to the top of aerosol containers shall not EXCEPTION: Level 1 aerosols in cartons which are clearly exceed 8 feet(2438 mm). marked to identify their classification level are not regulated by Arti- cle 88. 8802.1.5 Storage in basements. Aerosol products shall not be For additional requirements for high-piled combustible stor- stored in basements and shall not be displayed in unprotected age,see Article 81,and for hazardous materials,see Article 80. basements. See Table 8802.2-A. 8801.2 Definitions. 8802.1.6 Fire-extinguishing systems. When an automatic fire- extinguishing system is required for the storage or retail display of 8801.2.1 General. For definitions of AEROSOL, AEROSOL aerosol products, the design shall be in accordance with Sec- CONTAINERS, AEROSOL WAREHOUSE, BANDING, tion 8803. BASEMENT, BUILDING CODE, ENCAPSULATED, EXIT, 8802.1.7 Storage cabinets. Storage cabinets shall be con- FIRE DOOR, FLOOR AREA, GENERAL-PURPOSE WARE- structed in accordance with Section 7902.5.9. HOUSE, PROPELLANT, RACK STORAGE, RETAIL DIS- PLAY AREA,RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCY,SEGREGATED, 8802.1.8 Manual fire alarm system. When a manual fire alarm SHELF STORAGE,SOLID SHELVING and VENT-RELEASE system is required,the system shall be in accordance with Section CONTAINER,see Article 2. 1007.The manual fire alarm system shall be interconnected with the automatic fire sprinkler system such that waterflow from the 8801.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 88, sprinkler system will activate all automatic door-closing devices certain terms are defined as follows: and the fire alarm system warning devices. CARTON is a cardboard or fiberboard box in which multiple 5802.1.9 Vent-release containers. units of aerosol products are shipped. A carton completely en- closes aerosol products. 8802.1.9.1 General. The display and storage of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols in vent-release containers shall be in accordance with WAREHOUSE is a building or portion of a building not acces- Section 8802.1.9.The display and storage of vent-release contain- sible to the public which is used for storage, including shipping ers shall be limited to the ground floor of buildings. and receiving. 8802.1.9.2 Retail display. Not more than 500 pounds(227 kg) 8801.3 Permits. For permits to handle or store aerosol products, of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols packaged in vent-release containers see Section 105,Permit a.l. shall be displayed in a retail sales occupancy. Display of 8801.4 Identification of Aerosol Classification. Material Safe- vent-release containers shall be limited to shelf storage. ty Data Sheets (MSDS) shall identify the classification level of 8802.1.9.3 Storage. each aerosol product as set forth in UFC Standard 88-1. 8802.1.9.3.1 Storage less than 1,000 pounds (454 kg). When 8801.5 Carton Identification. When cartons containing aero- the storage of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols packaged in vent-release sols are not marked to identify the classification level of the con- containers is greater than 500 pounds (227 kg), but less than or tents and the classification level is not otherwise identifiable,the equal to 1,000 pounds(454 kg),the storage shall be limited to an contents shall be treated as Level 3 aerosol products. aerosol warehouse.Storage within such warehouses shall be with- in an area constructed as a two-hour occupancy separation.Stor- age shall be arranged as a solid-pile or palletized array. SECTION 8802—STORAGE AND RETAIL DISPLAYS EXCEPTION: Exterior aerosol storage in accordance with Sec- 8802.1 General. tion 8802.5. 8802.1.9.3.2 Storage of greater than 1,000 pounds (454 8802.1.1 Applicability. Storage and retail display of Levels 2 kg). When the storage of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols packaged in and 3 aerosol products in excess of 500 pounds(227 kg)net weight vent-release containers is greater than 1,000 pounds(454 kg),the shall be in accordance with Section 8802. exterior aerosol storage provisions of Section 8802.5 shall apply. EXCEPTION:Retail display of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols in vent- 8802.1.9.4 Fire protection. release containers in quantities less than 500 pounds (227 kg) net weight shall be in accordance with Section 8802.1.9. 8802.1.9.4.1 Retail display. Protection of Levels 2 and 3 aero- 8802.1.2 Containers. Containers shall be designed and con- sols packaged in vent-release containers is not required. structed in accordance with nationally recognized standards.See 8802.1.9.4.2 Storage. Protection of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols Article 90,Standards a.4.4 and a.4.5. packaged in vent-release containers greater than 500 pounds(227 8802.1.3 Packaging. Aerosol products in storage shall be pack- kg),but less than or equal to 1,000 pounds(454 kg),shall be in a aged in cartons.Banding of aerosol products shall not be used in room protected by an approved automatic deluge sprinkler sys- lieu of cartons or encapsulated storage of aerosol cartons. Fire- tem. retardant cartons of aerosol products shall not be considered as an 8802.2 Retail Sales Occupancies. alternative to the fire-protection requirements in Article 88. 5802.2.1 General. Retail display and adjacent storage of aero- For packaging of aerosol products in retail displays, see Sec- sol products in a retail sales occupancy shall be in accordance with tion 8802.2.5. Sections 8802.1 and 8802.2. 1-253 8802.2.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8802.5.2 8802.2.2 Maximum quantities in retail display areas. Aerosol 8802.4 Aerosol Warehouses. products in retail display areas shall not exceed quantities needed for display and normal merchandising and shall not exceed the 8802.4.1 General. Storage of aerosol products in excess of the quantities listed in Table 8802.2-A. areas and quantities indicated in Section 8802.3 shall be located within an aerosol warehouse conforming with the Building Code 8802.2.3 Maximum quantities in storage areas. Aerosol prod- requirements for a Group H,Division 3 Occupancy,and Sections ucts in storage areas adjacent to retail display areas shall not ex- 8802.1 and 8802.4. ceed the quantities listed in Table 8802.2-B. 8802.4.2 Automatic fire sprinkler system protection. Aerosol 8802.2.4 Stacking of containers. Aerosol containers shall not warehouses shall be protected throughout by automatic fire sprin- be stacked more than 6 feet(1829 mm)high from the base of the kler systems designed in accordance with Tables 8803.1-A aerosol array to the top of the aerosol array unless the containers through 8803.1-F. are placed on fixed shelving or otherwise secured in an approved manner. 8802.4.3 Maximum quantity. The maximum quantity of aero- 8802.2.5 Combustible cartons. Aerosol products located in re- sol products within an aerosol warehouse is not limited. tail display areas shall be removed from combustible cartons. 8802.4.4 Manual fire alarm system. An approved manual fire EXCEPTIONS: 1.Display using a portion of combustible cartons alarm system shall be provided throughout aerosol warehouses. which consists of only the bottom panel and not more than 2 inches(51 mm)of the side panel is allowed. 8802.4.5 Other storage. Other flammable, combustible and 2. When the retail display area is protected in accordance with noncombustible commodities stored in an aerosol warehouse Section 8803.2.2, storage of aerosols in combustible cartons is al- shall be in accordance with Section 8802.4.5 and other provisions lowed. of this code.The following commodities shall not be stored in an 8802.2.6 Aisles. Aisles not less than 4 feet(1219 mm)in width aerosol warehouse: shall be maintained on three sides of a solid-pile or palletized retail 1. Class I,Class II and Class III-A liquids in nonmetallic con- display area containing aerosol products. tainers. 8802.3 General-purpose Warehouses and Storage Rooms. 2. Class I,Class II and Class III-A liquids in containers 1 gallon 8802.3.1 General. Storage of aerosol products in Group F,M or (3.79 L)or greater in size. S Occupancy general-purpose warehouses or storage rooms shall 3. Flammable solids. be in accordance with Sections 8802.1 and 8802.3. General- 4. Flammable gases. purpose warehouses used for storing aerosols shall be used only for storage or warehousing operations involving mixed commodi- 5. Class 4 physical hazard materials. (See Article 80.) ties. 6. Organic peroxides. 8802.3.2 Limited quantity aerosol storage. Quantities of aero- Group A plastics(see Section 8101.4.2.2)stored with aerosol sol products stored in Group F, M or S Occupancy general- products shall be separated from the aerosol products by aisles not purpose warehouses or storage rooms shall not exceed quantities less than 8 feet(2438 mm)in width. listed in Table 8802.3-A,except as provided in Section 8802.3.3. Class I,Class II and Class III-A liquids in individual metal con- 8802.3.3 Segregated aerosol storage. Solid pile,palletized and tainers less than 1 gallon(3.79 L)in size shall be separated from rack storage of aerosol products in excess of the quantities indi- aerosol product storage by a minimum distance of 20 feet(6096 cated in Table 8802.3-A stored within a Group F,M or S Occupan- mm) or by a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation. See cy general-purpose warehouse or the storage room shall be in also Article 79. accordance with the following: 1. The building in which the storage is located is provided with 8802.4.6 Access. Fire department access roadways and access automatic fire sprinkler system protection throughout, doors shall be in accordance with Section 8102.6. 2. Storage conditions, storage arrangements and automatic 8802.4.7 Aisles. Aisles shall be provided as required for segre- fire sprinkler system protection shall be in accordance with Ta- gated aerosol storage in Table 8802.3-C. ble 8802.3-B, 3. Aisles in aerosol product storage areas shall be provided in 8802.5 Exterior Storage. accordance with Table 8802.3-C, 8802.5.1 General. Exterior storage of aerosol products shall be 4. Aerosol product storage shall be separated from flammable in accordance with Sections 8802.1 and 8802.5.Temporary stor- and combustible liquids in accordance with Article 79 and Table age trailers shall be in accordance with the requirements for exte- 8802.3-D,and rior storage. 5. An approved manual fire alarm system shall be provided 8802.5.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Exterior storage throughout the Group F,M or S Occupancy general-purpose ware- of aerosol products shall be separated from exposures in accord- house or storage room. ance with Table 8802.5-A. 1-254 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8802.2-A TABLE 8802.3-A TABLE 8802.2-A—RETAIL DISPLAY OF LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIES,MAXIMUM QUANTITIES MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR(Pounds)t,z x 0.454 for kg FLOOR Unprotected3 Protected3.4 Basement Not allowed 500 Ground 2,500 10,000 Upper 500 2,000 I When not packaged,stored and protected in accordance with Section 8803,total quantity shall not exceed 1,000 pounds(454 kg)net weight in any 100-square-foot(9.29 m'-)retail display area. ZWhen packaged,stored and protected in accordance with Section 8803,quantities shall be limited by Table 8802.3-A.Con- tainers of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products can be uncartoned or in display cut cartons when located no more than 6 feet(1829 mm)above the floor and the first tier of in-rack sprinklers is installed above the shelf unit and not more than 6 feet(1829 mm)above the floor. 3Per 25,000-square-foot(2322.5 m2)retail display area. 4Minimum Ordinary Hazard Group 2 wet-pipe automatic fire sprinkler system throughout retail sales occupancy. TABLE 8802.2-B—STORAGE AREAS ADJACENT TO RETAIL DISPLAY OF LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIES,MAXIMUM QUANTITIES MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR(Pounds) x 0.454 for kg Separated FLOOR Unseparatedt•z Storage Cabinetsz 1-hour-rated Occupancy Separation Basement Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Ground 2,500 5,000 See Section 8802.3 Upper 500 1,000 See Section 8802.3 IThe total aggregate quantity in storage and on retail displays shall not exceed the limits for retail display. zln any 50,000-square-foot(46 451 m2)area. TABLE 8802.3-A—LIMITED QUANTITY LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSES AND STORAGE ROOMS,MAXIMUM QUANTITIES MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR(pounds)t x 0.454 for kg Palletized or Solid Pile Storage Rack Storage AEROSOL LEVEL Unprotected Protectedz Unprotected Protected3 2 2,500 12,000 500 24,000 3 1,000 12,000 500 24,000 Combination 2 and 3 2,500 12,000 500 24,000 I In any 50,000-square-foot(46 451 mz)area. ZAutomatic fire sprinkler system protection and storage arrangement in accordance with Table 8803.1-A or 8803.1-B for aerosol storage area with sprinkler system extended 20 feet(6096 mm)beyond the aerosol storage area. 3Automatic fire sprinkler system protection and storage arrangement in accordance with Tables 8803.1-C through 8803.1-F for aerosol storage area with sprinkler system extended 20 feet(6096 mm)beyond the aerosol storage area. r I 1-255 TABLE 8802.3-B 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8802.5-A TABLE 8802.3-B-SEGREGATED LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE-GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSES AND STORAGE ROOMS MAXIMUM STORAGE AREA,SPRINKLER SYSTEM AND STORAGE ARRANGEMENT STORAGE SPRINKLER SYSTEM AND CONDITION MAXIMUM AGGREGATE STORAGE AREA STORAGE ARRANGEMENT Chain link fence enclosure 10 percent of building area and not more than basic allowable Footnotes 1,2 and 3 building area I-hour-rated occupancy separation 10 percent of building area and not more than basic allowable Footnote I building area 2-hour-rated occupancy separation 20 percent of building area and not more than double basic allowable Footnote 1 building area IAutomatic fire sprinkler system protection shall be provided in aerosol product storage areas in accordance with Tables 8803.1-A through 8803.1-F.Automatic fire sprinkler system protection shall be provided in building areas not used for aerosol product storage in accordance with the Building Code and Article 81 as applica- ble. ZThe portion of the automatic fire sprinkler system at ceiling level shall be designed for aerosol storage 20 feet(6096 mm)beyond the aerosol storage area. 3Chain link fence enclosures shall be in accordance with the following: 1. The fence shall not be less than 9 gage steel wire woven into a maximum 2-inch(51 mm)diamond mesh, 2. The fence shall be installed from the floor to the underside of the roof or ceiling above, 3. Class IV or V commodity storage shall not be located within 8 feet(2438 mm)from the fence, 4. Access openings in the fence shall be provided with either self-closing or automatic closing devices as set forth in the Building Code,or a labyrinth opening arrangement which will prevent aerosol containers from rocketing through such openings,and 5. Not less than two means of egress shall be provided from the fenced enclosure. TABLE 8802.3-C-SEGREGATED LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE-GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSES AND STORAGE ROOMS AISLE WIDTHS AND DISTANCE TO AISLES STORAGE CONDITION MINIMUM AISLE WIDTH MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO AISLE Solid pile or palletizedl 4 feet(1219 mm)between piles 20 feet(6096 mm) Racks with ESFR sprinklers2 4 feet(1219 mm)between racks and adjacent 20 feet(6096 mm) Level 2 or 3 aerosol product storage Racks without ESFR sprinklers3 8 feet(2438 mm)between racks and adjacent 20 feet(6096 mm) Level 2 or 3 aerosol product storage ISee Tables 8803.1-A and 8803.1-B. ISee Tables 8803.1-C and 8803.1-D. 3See Tables 8803.1-E and 8803.1-F. TABLE 8802.3-D-SEGREGATED LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE-GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSES AND STORAGE ROOMS SEPARATION FROM FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE TYPE OF SEPARATION FROM LIQUID CONTAINERS AEROSOL PRODUCTS Size Distance(feet) x 3.79 for L 7 x 304.8 for mm Occupancy Type Separation Rating Less than or equal to I gallon Metal 20 feet I hour Greater than I gallon Any approved type 60 feet 2 hour TABLE 8802.5-A-EXTERIOR STORAGE OF LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS-DISTANCE TO EXPOSURES MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM AEROSOL STORAGE(feet)t EXPOSURE x 304.8 for mm Alleys,public ways,streets 20 Buildings 50 Exits to a public way 50 Property lines 20 Other exterior storage 50 A two-hour fire-resistive wall without penetration and extending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of the Level 2 or 3 aerosol products storage area is allowed in lieu of the required separation distance. 1-256 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 8803—8803.4.4 TABLE 8803.1-A SECTION 8803—AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING 8803.2.4 Small hose connections. Small hose connections, SYSTEMS AND STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS when provided, shall be in accordance with Tables 8803.1-A through 8803.1-F and UFC Standard 81-1 or 81-2 as applicable. 8803.1 General. Design and installation of automatic fire- 8803.3 Draft Curtains. extinguishing systems and the storage arrangements required with such protection for the storage and retail display of aerosol prod- Draft curtains shall be installed in the following locations: ucts shall be in accordance with Section 8803. 1. At the interface between the ESFR sprinklered area and the 8803.2 Automatic Fire-extinguishing Systems. standard sprinklered area,and 2. At the interface between the ordinary temperature-rated 8803.2.1 Retail displays. When an automatic fire-extinguish- sprinklered area and high-temperature-rated sprinklered area. ing system is required for the protected retail display of aerosol Draft curtains required by Section 8803.3 shall be constructed of products,the system shall be a wet-pipe automatic fire sprinkler noncombustible material and shall be extended at least 24 inches system in accordance with the Building Code for not less than an (610 mm)from the ceiling. Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Occupancy. The system shall be pro- vided throughout the retail display area. See Sections 8802.1.6 8803.4 Storage Arrangements. and 8802.2.2. 8803.4.1 General. Storage and retail display of aerosol products 8803.2.2 Storage. When an automatic fire-extinguishing sys- in solid piles,on shelves,in racks or on pallets shall be in accord- tem is required for the storage of aerosol products in Section 8802, ance with the applicable provisions of Sections 8802 and 8803.4. the system shall be a wet-pipe automatic fire sprinkler system in 8803.4.2 Containers not in cartons. Retail display and storage accordance with the applicable provisions of Tables 8803.1-A of aerosol products outside of cartons on shelves shall be in ac- through 8803.1-F.Protection shall be based on the highest level of cordance with Section 8802.2. aerosol product present. The system shall be designed and in- stalled in accordance with UFC Standards 8 1-1 and 81-2,and the 8803.4.3 Containers in cartons on pallets, in solid piles and Building Code,as applicable. on shelves. Aerosol products in cartons on pallets,in solid piles or on shelves shall be in accordance with Tables 8803.1-A EXCEPTION: When approved,Level 2 aerosol products in con- and 8803.1-B. tainers with less than 1 ounce(28.3 g)net weight of flammable contents are allowed to be protected as required for Group A plastics(see Sec- 8803.4.4 Containers in cartons on racks. Aerosol products in tion 8101.4.2.2)in accordance with UFC Standards 8 1-1 and 81-2. cartons on racks shall be in accordance with Tables 8803.1-C 8803.2.3 In-rack sprinkler systems. When racks are used,con- through 8803.1-F. trol valves for in-rack sprinkler systems shall be provided in ac- Solid shelving shall not be installed in racks that are protected cordance with UFC Standard 81-2. by a ceiling sprinkler system utilizing ESFR heads. TABLE 8803.1-A—LEVEL 2 AEROSOL PRODUCTS ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF PALLETIZED,SOLID-PILE AND SHELF STORAGE1 Maximum ceiling height(feet) (x 304.8 for mm) 30 30 25 25 Maximum pile height(feet)2 (x 304.8 for mm) 5 15 18 20 Sprinklers Type(x 25.4 for mm) standard orifice sprinkler3 ESFR4 Large dro ESFR4 I or large orifice sprinkled0.64 inch Temperature rating High Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Spacing(sq.ft.)(x 0.093 for m2) 100 Max. 80-100 80-100 80-100 Demand 0.30 gpm/sq.ft.over 12 heads 15 heads 12 heads (x 40.75 for gpm/ft2 to L/min.per m2) 2,500 sq.ft. at 50 psi at 50 psi at 50 psi (x 6.89 for psi to kPa) Hose stream demand(gpm)5 (x 3.79 for L/min.) 500 250 500 250 Water-supply duration(hours) 2 1 2 1 [Storage shall be in cartons. 2Shelf storage shall not exceed 8 feet(2438 mm). 3Conventional standard orifice sprinkler,large orifice sprinkler or large drop sprinklers having the faster thermal response characteristics of listed quick-response (QR)sprinklers shall not be used. 4ESFR heads shall not be used for shelf storage. 517or 2,000-square-foot(185.8 m2)or smaller Group H,Division 3 aerosol storage rooms,use 250 gallons per minute(946.3 L/min.). 1-257 TABLE 8803.1-B 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 8803.1-D TABLE 8803.1-B—LEVEL 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF PALLETIZED AND SOLID-PILE STORAGE1 Maximum ceiling height(feet) 30 30 25 20 (X 304.8 for mm) Maximum pile height(feet) 5 15 15 10 (X 304.8 for mm) Sprinklers Type(X 25.4 for mm) standard orifice sprinkler2 ESFR ESFR Large drop 0.64 inch2 or large orifice spnnkler2 or extra-large orifice Temperature rating High, Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Spacing(sq.ft.) 100 max. 80-100 80-100 80-100 (X 0.0929 for m2) 0.60 gpm/sq.ft.over 12 heads at 75 psi 12 heads at 50 psi 15 heads at 75 psi Demand 2,500 sq.ft. (X 40.75 for gpm/ft2 to L/min.per m2) (X 6.895 for psi to kPa) Hose stream demand(gpm)3 500 250 250 500 (X 3.79 for L/min.) Water-supply duration(hours) 2 1 1 2 tStorage shall be in cartons. 2Conventional standard orifice sprinkler,large orifice sprinkler or large drop sprinklers having the faster thermal response characteristics of listed quick-response (OR)sprinklers shall not be used. 3For 2,000-square-foot(185.8 m2)or smaller Group H,Division 3 aerosol storage rooms,use 250 gallons per minute(947.5 L/min.). TABLE 8803.1-C—LEVEL 2 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF RACK STORAGE WITH ESFR SPRINKLERS1 Maximum ceiling height(feet)(x 304.8 for mm) 30 25 Maximum storage height(feet)(x 304.8 for mm) 15 20 Sprinklers Type ESFR ESFR Temperature rating Ordinary Ordinary Spacing(sq.ft.)(x 0.093 for m2) 80-100 80-100 Demand(x 6.89 for kPa) 12 heads at 50 psi 12 heads at 50 psi Hose stream demand(gpm)(x 3.79 for L/min.) 250 250 Water-supply duration(hours) 1 1 tSingle and double racks only.Storage shall be in cartons.Solid shelves shall not be installed in racks. TABLE 8803.1-D—LEVEL 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF RACK STORAGE WITH ESFR SPRINKLERS1 Maximum ceiling height(feet)(x 304.8 for mm) 30 25 Maximum storage height(feet)(x 304.8 for mm) 15 15 Sprinklers Type ESFR ESFR Temperature rating Ordinary Ordinary Spacing(sq.ft.)(x 0.093 for m2) 80-100 80-100 Demand(x 6.89 for kPa) 12 heads at 75 psi 12 heads at 50 psi Hose stream demand(gpm)(x 3.79 for L/min.) 250 250 Water-supply duration(hours) 1 1 tSingle and double racks only.Storage shall be in cartons.Solid shelves shall not be installed in racks. 1-258 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE 8803.1-E TABLE 8803.1-F TABLE 8803.1-E—LEVEL 2 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF RACK STORAGE WITH SPRAY SPRINKLERSI,2 Maximum clearance from top of storage to ceiling or barrier sprinklers 15 feet(4572 mm) Ceiling sprinklers Type Large orifice sprinkler or extra-large orifice ' Temperature rating High-temperature sprinkler Spacing(sq.ft.) 100 max.(9.3 m2) Demand 0.30 gpm/sq.ft.(12.2 L/min.per m2)over 2,500 sq.ft.(233 m2) In-rack sprinklers Type Standard orifice sprinkler ' Temperature rating Ordinary-temperature sprinkler or less Spacing Sprinklers shall be located at a maximum spacing of 8 feet(2438 mm)on center. One line at each tier except top. Locate in longitudinal flue space for double-row racks. Sprinklers shall be located at least 2 feet(610 mm)from rack uprights. A minimum clearance of 6 inches(153 mm)shall be maintained between the sprinkler deflectors and the top of storage in every tier. Demand 30 psi(208 kPa)minimum discharge pressure. Based on operation of hydraulically most remote: Eight sprinklers if one level only Six sprinklers each for two levels Six sprinklers on top three levels if three or more levels Hose stream demand(gpm) 500(1893 L/min.) Water-supply duration(hours) 12 (Storage shall be in cartons. 2Use design option 1 in Table 8803.1-F for racks with solid shelves. TABLE 8803.1-F—LEVEL 2 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN RACKS WITH SOLID SHELVES AND LEVEL 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF RACK STORAGE WITH SPRAY SPRINKLERS1 CEILING PROTECTION IN-RACK PROTECTION Clearance Discharge Design Maximum Storage to Density Area Spacing Minimum Sprinklers (gpm/ (square (square Demand (feet) square feet) feet) feet) Temp.(IF) Orifice(inch) (psi) x 304.81or x 40.75 for x 6.89 for OPTION mm L/min.per m2 x 0.0929 for m2 -32 x 5/9 for I x 25.4 for mm kPa Arrangement 1 Less 0.30 2,500 100 High- Large orifice 30 Ordinary-temperature sprinkler,standard orifice than or temperature sprinkler or sprinkler or large orifice sprinkler,spaced on maximum equal to sprinkler extra-large of 8-foot(2438 mm)centers.Longitudinal flue 5 orifice sprinklers shall be provided at each tier except at the top of the rack and located a minimum of 2 feet(610 mm) from rack uprights.A minimum clearance of 6 inches Greater 0.60 1,500 100 High- Large orifice (153 mm)shall be maintained between the sprinkler than 5 to temperature sprinkler or deflectors and the top of storage in every tier.Face and less 2,500 sprinkler extra-large sprinklers shall be provided at every tier and shall be than or orifice located at a maximum spacing of 8 feet(2438 mm).Face equal to sprinklers shall be located a maximum of 18 inches(457 152 mm)from the face of storage.Provide staggered face sprinklers on the opposite side of the rack. Greater 0.30 2,500 100 High- Large orifice Based on the operation of the hydraulically most remote: than 153 temperature sprinkler or A. eight sprinklers if one level. sprinkler extra-large B. six sprinklers each tier if two levels. orifice C. six sprinklers on top three levels if greater than or equal to three levels. 2 Less 0.60 2,500 100 High- Large orifice 30 Ordinary-temperature sprinkler,standard orifice ' than or temperature sprinkler or sprinkler or large orifice sprinkler,spaced on a equal to sprinkler extra-large maximum of 8-foot(2438 mm)centers.Longitudinal 15 orifice flue sprinklers shall be provided at each level except at the top of the rack and located a minimum of 2 feet(610 mm)from rack uprights.A minimum clearance of 6 inches(153 mm)shall be maintained between the sprinkler deflectors and the top of storage in every tier. When clearance exceeds 15 feet(4572 mm),install face Greater 0.60 2,500 100 High- Large orifice sprinklers staggered vertically and horizontally on the than 15 temperature sprinkler or face of each tier and on the opposite side of the rack. sprinkler extra-large Based on the operation of the hydraulically most orifice remote: A. eight sprinklers if one level. B. six sprinklers each tier if two levels. C. six sprinklers on top three levels if greater than or equal to three levels. When solid shelves are not present,design options 1 and 2 are both acceptable.When solid shelves are present,design option 1 shall be used.For both options,a minimum water-supply duration of two hours and a combined interior and exterior hose stream demand of 500 gallons per minute(1893 L/min.)are required. Storage shall be in cartons. 2The design area shall be interpolated for the noted clearances. 3Provide a noncombustible barrier above the top tier of storage with face sprinklers below. 1-259 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 9001 9003 PART VIII STANDARDS ARTICLE 90-STANDARDS SECTION 9001 —GENERAL ARTICLE 74 74-1;7404.2.3 9001.1 UFC Standards. The Uniform Fire Code standards re- Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems ferred to in various parts of this code,which are also listed in Sec- tion 9002 and published in Volume 2 of this code, are hereby ARTICLE 79 declared to be part of this code and are referred to in this code as a "UFC standard."When this code refers to a standard in the appen- 79-1;7902 Fir and Protection Sys dix of Volume 2,the standard shall not apply unless specifically Foam Fire Protection Systems adopted. 79-2;7902.1.14.4 and 7902.2.6.3.4 LC [For SFM]UFC Standards 10-2,10-3 and 10-4 do not apply to Fixed Water Spray Fire Protection Systems E any occupancy in the state of California. For the appropriate fire 79-3;209,Table 4703-A,6307.4,6319,7401.5.2,7902.1.3.2, L c alarm standards and guides for all occupancies in California,see 8001.4.3.3,8004.1.7,8004.1.15,8004.2.2.2 and 8004.4.3 E t Chapter 35 of the California Building Code and Article 760 of the Identification of the Health,Flammability and Reactivity � C California Electrical Code. of Hazardous Materials 9001.2 Standard of Duty. The standard of duty established 79-4;240 Vehicles and Transporting Vehicles for Transporting Flammable or Combustible for the recognized standards listed in Section 9003 is that the Liquids design,construction and quality of materials of buildings,struc- tures, equipment, processes and methodologies be reasonably 79-5;7902.1.8.1.1 and 7902.5.11.2.4 safe for life, limb, health, property and public welfare. See also Portable Flammable or Combustible Liquid Tanks Section 101.3. 79-6;7902.6.10 9001.3 Recognized Standards. The standards listed in Section Interior Lining of Underground Storage Tanks 9003 are recognized standards.Compliance with these recognized 79-7;7902.1.8.2.7,7903.3.3 and A-II-F Sections 4.1 and 5.3 I standards shall be prima facie evidence of compliance with the Testing Requirements for Protected Aboveground Tanks standard of duty set forth in Section 9001.2. ARTICLE 80 80-1;8003.8.1,8003.8.2 and 8004.1.16 SECTION 9002—UFC STANDARDS Storage,Dispensing and Use of Silane and its Mixtures 80-2;7401.1,7501.1 and 8004.1.14 UFC STD. Industrial and Institutional Bulk Oxygen Systems AND SEC. TITLE AND SOURCE 80-3;7501.1 ARTICLE 10 Flammable Cryogenic Fluid System at Consumer Sites 10-1; 1002.1, 1006.2.7, 1102.5.2.3,2401.13,3209,3407, 80-4;7501.1 4502.8.2,4503.7.1,5201.9,7901.5.3,7902.5.1.2.1 and Inert Cryogenic Fluid Systems at Consumer Sites 7904.5.1.2 Selection,Installation,Inspection,Maintenance and ARTICLE 81 Testing of Portable Fire Extinguishers 81-1;8102.9,8102.10,8103.2 and 8803.2 10-2; 1001.4, 1007.2.9.1.4, 1007.2.12.2.3, 1007.3.1, 1007.3.3.51 High-piled General Storage of Combustibles in Buildings 6313.3 and 6320.1 81-2;7902.5.11.5.1,7902.5.12.5.1,8102.9,8102.10,8104.2, ' Installation,Maintenance and Use of Fire Protection 8104.4 and 8803.2 Signaling Systems High-piled Rack Storage of Combustibles in Buildings 81-3;8102.7 ARTICLE 24 Mechanical Smoke-removal Systems 24-1;2401.15 and 2402.2.1 81-4;8101.1,8104.2.3.1,8104.2.3.2 and 8106.1 I Aircraft Fueling High-piled Storage of Combustible Records in Buildings ARTICLE 52 ARTICLE 82 52-1;5201.1,5204.2 and 5204.10.2.3.5 82-1;5201.3.2,5203.5.1,8201,8203,8206,8208,8211,8212 Compressed Natural Gas(CNG)Vehicular Fuel Systems and 8214 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage and Use ARTICLE 62 ARTICLE 88 62-1;6201 and 6205.1 88-1;8801 Ovens and Furnaces Classification of Aerosol Products 1-261 9002 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 9003 APPENDIX a.3.12.2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure A-III-C-1;A-III-C Section 1 Storage Tanks I Inspection,Testing and Maintenance of Water-based a.3.13.2001 Fire Protection in Refineries Fire-protection Systems a.3.14.2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static,Lightning,and Stray Currents SECTION 9003—RECOGNIZED STANDARDS a.3.15.2009 Safe Welding and Cutting Practices in Refineries,Gas Plants,and Petrochemical Plants a.1 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY a.3.16.2015 Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS Tanks 444 N.Capitol Street,Suite 225,Washington,DC 20001 a.3.17.2023 Guide for Safe Storage and Handling of a.1.1 Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges Heated Petroleum:Derived Asphalt Products and Crude Oil Residue a.2. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE a.3.18.2028 Flame Arrestors in Piping Systems 11 W.42nd,New York,NY 10036 a.3.19.2201 Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on ANSI STANDARDS Equipment Containing Hammables a.2.1.ANSI A13.1 Scheme for the Identification of Piping a.3.20.2350 Overfill Protection for Petroleum Storage Systems Tanks a.2.2.ANSI B31 Guide a.4. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND a.2.3.ANSI B31.1 Power Piping MATERIALS a.2.4.ANSI B31.2 Fuel Gas Piping 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA,19428-2959 a.2.5.ANSI B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery ASTM STANDARDS Piping a.4.1.ASTM A 395 Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure a.2.6.ANSI/ASME B31.4 Liquid Petroleum Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures Transportation Piping System a.4.2.ASTM D 5 Penetration of Bituminous Materials a.2.7.ANSI B31.5 Refrigeration Piping a.4.3.ASTM D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag ' a.2.8.ANSI B31.5a Refrigeration Piping Closed Tester a.2.9.ANSI B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution a.4.4.ASTM D 86 Standard Method of Test for Distillation Piping Systems of Petroleum Products a.2.10.ANSI/IEEE 484 Recommended Practice for a.4.5.ASTM D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points Installations of Large-Lead Storage for Generating by Cleveland Open Cup Stations and Substations. a.4.6.ASTM D 93 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points a.2.11.ANSI/IEEE 937 Recommended Practice for of Liquids by Pensky-Martins Closed Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for a.4.7.ASTM D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Photovoltaic(PV)Systems. Petroleum Products(Reid Method) a.3. AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE a.4.8.ASTM D 3061 Tin-Plate Fabricated Aerosol Cans 1220"L" Street,N.W.,Washington,DC 20005 a.4.9.ASTM D 3063 Pressure in Glass Aerosol Bottles API STANDARDS a.4.10.ASTM D 3064 Standard Terminology Relating to a.3.1. 12-B Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Aerosol Products Production Liquids a.4.11.ASTM D 3073 Filling and Inspection of Glass a.3.2. 12-D Specification for Field Large Welded Tanks for Aerosol Containers Storage of Production Liquids a.4.12.ASTM D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of a.3.3. 12-F Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Liquids by Setaflash Closed Cup Storage of Production Liquids a.4.13.ASTM D 4021 Standard Specification for a.3.4.620 Recommended Rules for Design and Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Underground Construction of Large Welded,Low Pressure Storage Petroleum Storage Tanks Tanks a.4.14.ASTM E 681 Standard Test Method for a.3.5.650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals a.3.6.651 Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum a.4.15.ASTM E 1354 Standard for Heat and Visible Storage Tanks Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter a.3.7.653 Tank Inspection,Repair,Alteration,and a.4.16.ASTM E 1529 Standard Test Methods for Reconstruction Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fire on a.3.8. 1529 Standard for Aircraft Fuel Servicing Hose and Structural Members and Assemblies Couplings I a.3.9. 1604 Removal and Disposal of Used Underground a.5. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL Petroleum Storage Tanks, 1987 edition ENGINEERS a.3.10. 1615 Installation of Underground Petroleum 345 East 47th Street,New York,NY 10017 Storage Systems ASME STANDARDS a.3.11. 1632 Cathodic Protection of Underground a.5.1.ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems Section I.Power Boilers 1-262 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 9003 Section VIII.Pressure Vessels,Division 1 or 2 n.2.8. 2001 Clean Agent Fire-extinguishing Systems a.6. ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS,Bureau n.3. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY of Explosives AND HEALTH(NIOSH) 1920"L" Street,N.W.,Washington,DC 20036 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public AAR CIRCULARS Health Service,Center for Disease Control,4676 Co- a.6.1. 17-E Tank Car Loading Racks lumbia Pkwy,Cincinnati,OH 45226 n.3.1.NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards c.l COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION,INC. 1725 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1004, Arlington, VA s.l. STEEL TANK INSTITUTE 22202-4100 666 Dundee Road,Suite 705,Northbrook,IL 60062 CGA PAMPHLETS s.1.1.Standard sti-P3 p Specification for Exterior Corrosion c.1.1.C-7 Guide to the Precautionary Labeling and Marking Protection of Underground Steel Storage Tanks of Compressed Gas Containers u.1. UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. c.1.2.P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases 333 Pfingsten Road,Northbrook,IL 60062 c.1.3. Pressure Relief Device Standards—Part 1 Cylinders UL STANDARDS for Compressed Gases(8th Edition, 1994) u.1.1.UL 25 Meters for Flammable and Combustible c.1.4.Pressure Relief Device Standards—Part 2 Cargo and Liquids and LP Gas Portable Tanks for Compressed Gases(6th Edition, 1995) u.1.2.UL 30 Metal Safety Cans c.1.5. Pressure Relief Device Standards—Part 3 Stationary u.1.3.UL 58 Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Storage Containers for Compressed Gases (5th Edition, Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1995) u.1.4.UL 79 Power Operated Pumps for Petroleum f.1. FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND Products Dispensing Systems RESEARCH u.1.5.UL 80 Standard for Steel Inside Tanks for Oil-burner 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike,Norwood,MA 02062 Fuel FACTORY MUTUAL DATA SHEETS u.1.6.UL 87 Power Operated Dispensing Devices for ' f.1.1.8-9 Storage of Class I,II,III,IV and Plastic Commodi- Petroleum Products ties u.1.7.UL 142 Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for i.1. ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY OF Flammable and Combustible Liquids NORTH AMERICA u.1.8.UL 147B Standard for Nonrefillable(Disposable) 345 East 47th Street,New York,NY 10017 Type Metal Container Assemblies for Butane u.1.9.UL 330 Gasoline Hose i.l.l.IES Lighting Handbook u.1.10.UL 525 Flame Arresters for Use of Vents of n.1. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION Storage Tanks for Petroleum Oil and Gasoline ENGINEERS u.1.11.UL 567 Pipe Connectors for Flammable and 1440 South Creek Drive,Houston,TX 77084 Combustible Liquids and LP Gas RECOMMENDED PRACTICES u.1.12.UL 842 Valves for Flammable Liquids n.1.1.RP-0I Control of External Corrosion of u.1.13.UL 1313 Nonmetallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems Products n.1.2.RP-02 Control of External Corrosion on Metallic u.1.14.UL 1316 Glass=Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Buried,Partially Buried,or Submerged Liquid Storage Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products Systems u.1.15. UL 1746 External Corrosion Protection Systems n.2. NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION for Steel Underground Storage Tanks Post Office Box 9101, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA u.1.16.UL 1975 Standard for Fire Tests for Foamed 02269 Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes NFPA STANDARDS u.1.17.UL 2208 Standard for Solvent Distillation Units n.2.1.40 Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion u.2. UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES OF CANADA INC. Picture Film 7 Crouse Road, Scarborough,Ontario,Canada M I R 3A9 n.2.2.46 Recommended Safe Practices for Storage of ULC STANDARDS Forest Products u.2.1.ULC 603.1-M Standard for Galvanic Corrosion n.2.3.497A Classification of Class I Hazardous Locations Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for for Electrical Installations. Flammable and Combustible Liquids n.2.4.59A Standard for the Production,Storage and u.3. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA REGULATIONS Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas n.2.5. 505 Firesafety Standard for Powered Industrial Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Trucks(Forklifts) Office,Washington,DC 20402 n.2.6.701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS Flame-resistant Textiles and Films u.3.1.Title 29,Section 1910 n.2.7.703 Standard for Fire Retardant Impregnated Wood u.3.2.Title 40,Parts 280 and 281 and Fire Retardant Coatings for Building Materials u.3.3.Title 49,Chapter 1 (DOT Regulations) 1-263 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX I-A B PART IX B B APPENDICES B B Division I B B EXISTING BUILDINGS B B B APPENDIX I-A B B B LIFE-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS OTHER THAN HIGH RISE B B (See UFC Sections 102 and 1202.1) B B B B SECTION 1 —GENERAL the direction of travel shall be provided at each point of access to B B the stairway. B B 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of Appendix I-A is to provide a rea- B EXCEPTION: Fire escapes as provided for in Section 2.4. B B sonable degree of safety to persons occupying existing buildings B B by providing for alterations to such existing buildings which do Exterior stairs shall be of noncombustible construction. g EXCEPTION: On buildings of Types III,IV and V construction, B B not comply with the minimum requirements of the Uniform Build- B B ing Code. provided the exterior stairs are constructed of wood not less than 2-inch B B (51 mm)nominal thickness. BEXCEPTION: Group U Occupancies and occupancies regulated 2.3 Corridors. Corridors of Groups A;B;E;F;H;I;M;R,D1V1- B B by Appendix 1-13,and Group R,Division 3 Occupancies,except that B B Group R,Division 3 Occupancies shall comply with Section 6. sion 1;and S Occupancies serving an occupant load of 30 or more B B shall have walls and ceilings of not less than one-hour fire-resin- B B B B 1.2 Effective Date. Within 18 months after the effective date of live construction as required by the Building Code.Existing walls B B Appendix I-A, plans for compliance shall be submitted and ap- surfaced with wood lath and plaster in good condition or 1/2-inch B Bproved, and within 18 months thereafter the work shall be com- (12.7 mm)gypsum wallboard or openings with fixed wired glass B B pleted or the building shall be vacated until made to conform. set in steel frames are permitted for corridor walls and ceilings and B B occupancy separations when approved.Doors opening into such B B corridors shall be protected by 20-minute fire assemblies or solid B BSECTION 2—MEANS OF EGRESS wood doors not less than 13/4 inches(45 mm)thick.Where the ex- B B isting frame will not accommodate the 13/4-inch-thick (45 mm) B B 2.1 Number of Means of Egress. Every floor above the first door,a 13/g-inch-thick(35 mm)solid bonded wood core door or B B story used for human occupancy shall have access to at least two equivalent insulated steel door shall be permitted.Doors shall be B B separate means of egress,one of which may be an exterior fire es- self-closing or automatic-closing by smoke detection.Transoms B B cape complying with Section 2.4. Subject to the approval of the and openings other than doors from corridors to rooms shall com- B B chief,an approved ladder device may be used in lieu of a fire es- ply with the Building Code(see UBC Section 1004.3.4)or shall be B B cape when the construction feature or location of the building on covered with a minimum of 3/4-inch (19.1 mm) plywood or B Bthe property makes the installation of a fire escape impracticable. 1/2-inch(12.7 mm)gypsum wallboard or equivalent material on B B the room side. B EXCEPTION: In all occupancies,second stories with an occu- B Bpant load of 10 or less may have one means of egress. EXCEPTION: Existing corridor walls,ceilings and opening pro- B B tection not in compliance with the above may be continued when such B An exit ladder device when used in lieu of a fire escape shall Bbuildings are protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system B B comply with the Building Code(see UBC Standard 10-3)and the throughout.Such sprinkler system may be supplied from the domestic B BB following: water system if it is of adequate volume and pressure. B B B 1. Serves an occupant load of 10 or less or a single dwelling 2.4 Fire Escapes. B B unit or guest room. 1.Existing fire escapes which in the opinion of the chief comply B B 2. The building does not exceed three stories in height. with the intent of Section 2.4 may be used as one of the required B B means of egress.The location and anchorage of fire escapes shall B B 3. The access is adjacent to an opening as specified for emer- be of approved design and construction. B B gency egress or rescue or from a balcony. B B 2. Fire escapes shall comply with the following: B B 4. Shall not pass in front of any building opening below the unit Access from a corridor shall not be through an intervening B B being served. room. B B B B 5. The availability of activating the device for the ladder is ac- All openings within 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be protected by B cessible only from the opening or balcony served. three-fourths-hour fire assemblies.When located within a recess B B or vestibule, adjacent enclosure walls shall not be of less than B B 6. So installed that it will not cause a person using it to be within B B one-hour fire-resistive construction. B B 6 feet(1829 mm)of exposed electrical wiring. B B Egress from the building shall be by a clear opening having a B B 2.2 Stair Construction. All required stairs shall have a mini- minimum dimension of not less than 29 inches(737 mm). Such B B mum run of 9 inches(229 mm)and a maximum rise of 8 inches openings shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key B B (203 mm)and shall have a minimum width of 30 inches(762 mm), or special knowledge or effort.The sill of an opening giving ac- B B exclusive of handrails. Every stairway shall have at least one cess shall not be more than 30 inches(762 mm)above the floor of B B handrail.A landing having a minimum 30-inch(762 mm)run in the building or balcony. B 1-265 APPENDIX I-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B Fire escape stairways and balconies shall support the dead load and occupant space shall have at least one sprinkler head above the B B plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot(4.78 openings on the tenant side.The sprinkler system may be supplied B B 2 from the domestic water supply if of adequate volume and pressure. P B kN/m )and shall be provided with a top and intermediate handrail B on each side.The pitch of the stairway shall not exceed 60 degrees 3.Vertical openings need not be protected if the building is protected B B with a minimum width of 18 inches(457 mm).Treads shall not be by an approved automatic sprinkler system. B B less than 4 inches(102 mm)in width and the rise between treads B B shall not exceed 10 inches(254 mm).All stair and balcony railings SECTION 4—BASEMENT ACCESS OR SPRINKLER B B shall support a horizontal force of not less than 50 pounds per lin- PROTECTION B B eal foot(729.5 N/m)of railing. B B Balconies shall not be less than 44 inches(1118 mm)in width An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in E B with no floor opening other than the stairway opening greater than basements or stories exceeding 1,500 square feet(139.3 in in B B 5/8 inch(16 mm)in width. Stairway openings in such balconies area and not having a minimum of 20 square feet (1.86 m )of B B shall not be less than 22 inches by 44 inches(599 mm by 1118 opening entirely above the adjoining ground level in each SO lin- B B eal feet(15 240 mm)or fraction thereof of exterior wall on at least B B mm). The balustrade of each balcony shall not be less than 36 B B one side of the building.Openings shall have a minimum clear di- B B inches (914 mm) high with not more than 9 inches (229 mm) g' B B between balusters. mension of 30 inches(762 mm). B B Fire escapes shall extend to the roof or provide an approved If any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet(22 860 B B gooseneck ladder between the top floor landing and the roof when mm)from required openings,the basement shall be provided with B B serving buildings four or more stories in height having roofs with an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout. B B less than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal(33.3%slope).Fire B B escape ladders shall be designed and connected to the building to B B SECTION 5—STANDPIPES B B withstand a horizontal force of 100 pounds per lineal foot(1459 B BN/m);each rung shall support a concentrated load of 500 pounds Any buildings over four stories in height shall be provided with an B B (2224 N)placed anywhere on the rung.All ladders shall be at least approved Class I or III standpipe system. B B 15 inches(381 mm)wide,located within 12 inches(305 mm)of B B the building and shall be placed flatwise relative to the face of the B B building.Ladder rungs shall be 3/4 inch(19 mm)in diameter and SECTION 6—SMOKE DETECTORS B B shall be located 12 inches(305 mm)on center.Openings for roof B B access ladders through cornices and similar projections shall have 6.1 General. Dwelling units and hotel or lodging house guest B B minimum dimensions of 30 inches by 33 inches(762 min by 838 rooms that are used for sleeping purposes shall be provided with B B rum). smoke detectors.Detectors shall be installed in accordance with B B The lowest balcony shall not be more than 18 feet(5486 mm) the approved manufacturer's instructions. 6 B from the ground.Fire escapes shall extend to the ground or be pro- 6.2 Power Source. Smoke detectors may be battery operated or B B vided with counterbalanced stairs reaching to the ground. may receive their primary power from the building wiring when B B Fire escapes shall not take the place of stairways required by the such wiring is served from a commercial source.Wiring shall be B B codes under which the building was constructed. permanent and without disconnecting switches other than those B B required for over-current protection. B B Fire escapes shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and B B maintained in good working order. 6. ocations within Dwelling Units.In dwelling units,detec- B 3 L lli B tors shall be mounted on the ceiling or wall at a point centrally lo- B B 2.5 Exit and Fire Escape Signs. Exit signs shall be provided as cated in the corridor or area giving access to each separate B B required by the Building Code. sleeping area.Where sleeping rooms are on an upper level,the de- B B EXCEPTION: The use of existing exit signs may be continued tector shall be placed at the center of the ceiling directly above the B B when approved by the chief. stairway.Detectors shall also be installed in basements of dwell- B B All doors or windows providing access to a fire escape shall be ing units having stairways that open from the basement into the B B provided with fire escape signs. dwelling. Detectors shall sound an alarm audible in all sleeping B B areas of the dwelling unit in which they are located. B B t B 6.4 Location in Efficiency Dwelling Units and Hotels. In effi- B B SECTION 3—ENCLOSURE OF VERTICAL SHAFTS ciency dwelling units,hotel suites and in hotel sleeping rooms,de- B B tectors shall be located on the ceiling or wall of the main room or B B Interior vertical shafts,including but not limited to stairways,ele- hotel sleeping room. When sleeping rooms within an efficiency B B vator hoistways, and service and utility shafts,shall be enclosed dwelling unit or hotel suite are on an upper level,the detector shall B B by a minimum of one-hour fire-resistive construction.All open- be placed at the center of the ceiling directly above the stairway. B B ings into such shafts shall be protected with one-hour fire assem- When actuated,the detector shall sound an alarm audible within B blies that shall be maintained self-closing or be automatic closing the sleeping area of the dwelling unit,hotel suite or sleeping room B B by smoke detection.All other openings shall be fire protected in an in which it is located. B B approved manner.Existing fusible link-type automatic door clos- B B ing devices may be permitted if the fusible link rating does not ex- B B teed 135°F(57.2°C). SECTION 7—SEPARATION OF OCCUPANCIES B B EXCEPTIONS: 1.In other than Group I Occupancies,an enclo- B B sure will not be required for openings serving only one adjacent floor. Occupancy separations shall be provided as specified in the Build- r B ing Code(see UBC Section 302).When approved by the chief ex- 6 BB 2.Stairways need not be enclosed in a continuous vertical shaft if B B each story is separated from other stories by one-hour fire-resistive fisting wood lath and plaster in good condition or 1/2-inch (12.7 B B construction or approved wired glass set in steel frames.In addition,all mm)gypsum wallboard may be acceptable where one-hour OCCu- BB B corridors shall be sprinklered and the openings between the corridor panty separations are required. B 1-266 17.56.200 Adopt UFC Appendix I-A Amended—Life safety requirements for existing buildings other than high rise. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Section 1. GENERAL (3317-1/96) EXCEPTION: Group R, Division 1 (less than seven (7) units), Group U occupancies and occupancies regulated by Appendix 1-B and Group R, Division 3 Occupancies, except that Group R, Division 3 Occupancies will comply with Section 6. (3317-1/96) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX I-B APPENDIX I-B B B B LIFE-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS B B B (See UFC Sections 102, 1202.1 and 1303.1) B B B B SECTION 1 —SCOPE SECTION 6—SPECIFIC PROVISIONS AND B B ALTERNATES B B These provisions apply to existing high-rise buildings constructed B Bprior to the adoption of Appendix I-B and which house Group B 6.1 Specific Provisions. The following provisions shall apply B B offices or Group R,Division 1 Occupancies,each having floors when required by Table A-I-B-1: B Bused for human occupancy located more than 75 feet(22 860 mm) B B 1. Type of construction. Buildings classified as Type II-N, B B above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. B III-N or V-N construction shall be equipped with an approved au- B B tomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with the Building B B SECTION 2—GENERAL Code(see UBC Standard 9-1). B B EXCEPTION: Installation of meters or backflow preventers for B B Existing high-rise buildings as specified in Section 1 shall be the connection to the water works system need not be provided unless B B modified to comply with not less than the minimum provisions required by other regulations of the authority having jurisdiction. B B specified in Table A-I-B-1 and as further enumerated within 2. Automatic sprinklers. All required corridors, stairwells, B B Appendix I-B. elevator lobbies,public assembly areas occupied by 100 or more B B The provisions of Appendix I-B shall not be construed to allow persons and commercial kitchens shall be protected by an ap- B B the elimination of fire-protection systems or a reduction in the lev- proved automatic sprinkler system meeting the design criteria of B B el of firesafety provided in buildings constructed in conformance the Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1). A minimum of one B B with previously adopted codes. sprinkler shall be provided on the room side of every corridor B B opening. B EXCEPTION: Sprinklers may be omitted in stairwells of non- B B SECTION 3—COMPLIANCE DATA p y B B combustible construction. B B After adoption of Appendix I-B, the chief shall duly notify the 3. Fire department communication system.When it is deter- B eparmen B owners whose buildings are subject to the provisions of Appendix mined by test that the portable fire department communication B B I-B. Upon receipt of such notice,the owner shall,subject to the equipment is ineffective, a communication system acceptable to B B following time limits,take necessary actions to comply with the the fire department shall be installed within the existing high-rise B Bprovisions of Appendix I-B. building to permit emergency communication between fire sup- B B Plans and specifications for the necessary alterations shall be pression personnel. B B filed with the chief within the time period established by the local 4. Single-station smoke detectors.Single-station smoke de- B B jurisdiction after the date of owner notification.Work on the re- tectors shall be installed within all dwelling units or guest rooms in B B quired alterations to the building shall commence within 30 accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. In B B months of the date of owner notification and such work shall be dwelling units,the detector shall be mounted on the ceiling or wall B B completed within five years from the date of owner notification. at a point centrally located in the corridor or area giving access to B B The chief shall grant necessary extensions of time when it can each separate sleeping area.When sleeping rooms are located on B B be shown that the specified time periods are not physically practi- an upper level,the detector shall be installed at the center of the B ceiling directly above the stairway within the unit. In efficiency B B cal or pose an undue hardship. The granting of an extension of g y y y B B time for compliance shall be based on the showing of good cause dwelling units, hotel suites and in hotel guest rooms, detectors B B and subject to the filing of an acceptable systematic progressive shall be located on the ceiling or wall of the main room or hotel B B sleeping room.When actuated,the detector shall provide an audi- B B plan of correction with the chief.B ble alarm in the sleeping area of the dwelling unit,hotel suite or B B guest room in which it is located. B B SECTION 4—AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF B B Such detectors may be battery operated. B B For the purpose of applying the provisions of Appendix I-B,the 5. Manual fire alarm system.An approved manual fire alarm B B chief shall have the authority to consider alternative approaches system connected to a central,proprietary or remote station serv- B B and grant necessary deviations from Appendix I-B as follows: ice,or an approved manual fire alarm system that will provide an B B 1. Allow alternate materials or methods of compliance if such audible signal at a constantly attended location shall be provided. B B alternate materials or methods of compliance will provide levels 6. Occupant voice notification system. An approved occu- B B of fire and life safety equal to or greater than those specifically set pant voice notification system shall be provided. Such system B Bforth in Appendix I-B. shall provide communication from a location acceptable to the fire B B 2. Waive specific individual requirements if it can be shown. department and shall permit voice notification to at least all nor- B B that such requirements are not physically possible or practical and mally occupied areas of the building. B Bthat a practical alternative cannot be provided. The occupant voice notification system may be combined with B B a fire alarm system provided the combined system has been ap- B B proved and listed for such use.The sounding of a fire alarm signal B l B SECTION 5—APPEALS BOARD B in any given area or floor shall not prohibit voice communication B B Appeals of the determinations of the chief in applying the provi- to other areas or floors.Combination systems shall be designed to B B sions of this code may be made by an appeal directed to the board permit voice transmission to override the fire alarm signal,but the B B of appeals as established by Section 103.1.4 of this code. fire alarm shall not terminate in less than three minutes. B 1-267 APPENDIX I-B 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B 7. Vertical shaft enclosures. Openings through two or more EXCEPTIONS: 1.Stair shaft enclosures complying with the re- B B floors except mezzanine floors that contain a stairway or elevator quirements for pressurized enclosures. BB B shall be provided with vertical shaft enclosure protection as speci- 2.Stair shaft enclosures pressurized as required for mechanically B fied herein. Such floor openings,when not enclosed by existing operated pressurized enclosures to a minimum of 0.15-inch(3.8 mm) t B shaft enclosure construction, shall be protected by one-hour and a maximum of 0.50-inch(125 kPa)water column. B B fire-resistive-rated shaft enclosure construction. For floor open- 13.Elevator shaft ventilation.Elevator shaft enclosures that B B ings that are enclosed by existing shaft enclosure construction extend to the roof shall be vented to the outside with vents whose B B having fire-resistive capabilities similar to wood lath and plaster area shall not be less than 31/2 percent of the area of the elevator B B in good condition, 1/2-inch (12.7 mm)gypsum wallboard or ap- shaft,with a minimum of 3 square feet(0.278 m2)per elevator. B B B proved 1/4-inch-thick(6.4 mm)wired glass is acceptable.Wired EXCEPTION: Where energy conservation or hoistway pressur- F B glass set in a steel frame may be installed in existing shaft enclo- ization requires that the vents be normally closed,automatic venting by s B sure walls but shall be rendered inoperative and be fixed in a actuation of an elevator lobby detector or power failure may be ac- B B closed position. cepted. B B 14. Posting of elevators.A permanent sign shall be installed in B B Openings through two or more floors for other than stairways or B B each elevator cab adjacent to the floor status indicator and at each B B elevators,such as openings provided for piping,ducts,gas vents, elevator call station on each floor reading IN FIRE EMERGEN- B B dumbwaiters,and rubbish and linen chutes,shall be provided with B B vertical shaft enclosure protection as specified for stairways and CY,DO NOT USE ELEVATOR-USE EXIT STAIRS,or similar F B wording approved by the chief. B elevators. e B EXCEPTION: Sign may be omitted at the main entrance floor- B B EXCEPTION: Openings forpiping,ducts, as vents,dumbwait- B B g level call station. B B ers,and rubbish and linen chutes of copper or ferrous construction are B permitted without a shaft enclosure provided the floor openings are ef- 15. Exit stairways.All buildings shall have a minimum of two B BB festively fire-stopped at each floor level. approved exit stairways. B B B 8. Shaft enclosure opening protection. Openings other than 16. Corridor construction. Corridors serving as an exit ac- B B those provided for elevator doors in new vertical shaft enclosures cess for an occupant load of 30 or more shall have walls and ceil- B B constructed of one-hour fire-resistive construction shall be ings of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction as B B equipped with approved fire assemblies having a fire-protection required by the Building Code. Existing walls may be surfaced B B rating of not less than one hour. Openings other than those pro- with wood lath and plaster in good condition or 1/2-inch(12.7 mm) B B vided for elevator doors in existing vertical shaft enclosures shall gypsum wallboard for corridor walls and ceilings and occupancy B B be equipped with approved 20-minute-rated fire assemblies, separations when approved. B B 13/4-inch (44 mm) solid wood doors or the equivalent thereto. B B 17. Corridor openings. Openings in corridor walls and ceil- B Doors shall be either self-closin or automatic closin and auto- B B matic latching. g g ings shall be protected by not less than 13/8-inch (35 mm) Sol- B B id-bonded wood-core doors, approved 1/4-inch-thick (6.4 mm) F BAll elevators on all floors shall open into elevator lobbies that wired glass, approved fire dampers conforming to the Building e e are separated from the remainder of the building as is required for Code(see UBC Standard 7-7)or by equivalent protection in lieu B B corridor construction in the Building Code,unless the building is of any of these items.Transoms shall be fixed closed and covered B B protected throughout by a sprinkler system. with 1/2-inch(12.7 mm)Type X gypsum wallboard or equivalent B B 9. Manual shutoff of HVAC systems. Heating, ventilating material installed on both sides of the opening. B B and air conditioning systems shall be equipped with manual shut- 18. Corridor door closers.Exit doors into corridors shall be B B off controls installed at an approved location when required by the equipped with self-closing devices or shall be automatic closing B B fire department. by actuation of a smoke detector.When spring hinges are used as B B the closing device,not less than two such hinges shall be installed B B 10. Automatic elevator recall system. Elevators shall be B B on each door leaf. B B equipped with an approved automatic recall system as required by B B the Building Code(see UBC Section 403.7,Item 2). B 19. Corridor dead ends. The length of dead-end corridors B serving an occupant load of more than 30 shall not exceed 20 feet B B 11. Unlocked stairway doors. Exit doors into exit stairway (6096 mm). B B enclosures shall be maintained unlocked from the stairway side on B B at least every fifth floor level.All unlocked doors shall bear a sign 20. Interior finish.The interior finish in corridors,exit Stair- e B stating ACCESS ONTO FLOOR THIS LEVEL. ways and extensions thereof shall comply with the Building Code 6 B (see UBC Chapter 8). B B Stairway doors may be locked,subject to the following condi- B illumination. B tions: 21. Exit stairway umnation. When the building is occu- B B pied,exit stairways shall be illuminated with lights having an in- B B11.1 Stairway doors which are to be locked from the stairway tensity of not less than 1 footcandle(10.8 lux)at the floor level. B B side shall have the capability of being unlocked simulta- Such lighting shall be equipped with an independent alternate B B neously without unlatching upon a signal from an ap- source of power such as.a battery pack or on-site generator. B proved location. 22. Corridor illumination. When the building is occupied, B B 11.2 A telephone or other two-way communications system corridors shall be illuminated with lights having an intensity of not B B connected to an approved emergency service which oper- less than 1 footcandle(10.8 lux)at the floor level.Such lighting B BB continuously shall be provided at not less than every shall be equipped with an independent alternate source of power B B fifth floor in each required stairway. such as a battery pack or on-site generator. B B B 12. Stair shaft ventilation. Stair shaft enclosures which ex- 23. Exit stairway exit signs. The location of exit stairways r B tend to the roof shall be provided with an approved manually shall be clearly indicated by illuminated exit signs.Such exit signs e B openable hatch to the exterior having an area of not less than 16 shall be equipped with an independent alternate source of power B B square feet(1.486 m2)with a minimum dimension of 2 feet(610 such as a battery pack or an on-site generator or shall be of an B B mm). approved self-illuminating type. B 1-268 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX 1-13 B 24. Exit signs.Illuminated exit signs shall be provided in all address system, the public address system shall be available for B B exitways and located in such a manner as to clearly indicate the use as an occupant voice notification system. B B direction of egress.Such exit signs shall be equipped with an inde- Section 6.1,Item 7—Vertical shaft enclosures may be of non- B e pendent alternate source of power such as a battery pack or an on- rated construction for required exit stairway enclosures.Vertical B B site generator or shall be of an approved self-illuminating type. B shaft enclosures of openings in floors provided for elevators, B B 25. Emergency plan.The management for all buildings shall escalators and supplemental stairways shall not be required, B B establish and maintain a written fire- and life-safety emergency provided such openings are protected by an approved curtain B Bplan which has been approved by the chief.The chief shall devel- board and water curtain sprinkler system. B B op written criteria and guidelines upon which all plans shall be Section 6.1,Item 8—Protection of openings in vertical shaft en- B B based. closures may be nonrated but shall not be less than a 13/4-inch(44 B B mm)solid-wood door or the equivalent thereto.Closing and latc B h- B 26. Posting of emergency plan and exit plans.Copies of the B B ing hardware shall be provided. B B emergency plan and exiting plans,including elevator and stairway B B placarding,shall be posted in locations approved by the chief. Section 6.1,Item 10—An automatic elevator recall system shall B B not be required. B B B27. Fire drills.The management of all buildings shall conduct B B Section 6.1, Item 12—Stair shaft ventilation shall not be re- B B fire drills for their staff and employees at least every 120 days.The B B fire department shall be advised of such drills at least 24 hours in quired. B B advance.A written.record of each drill shall be maintained in the Section 6.1,Item 16—Existing corridor construction need not B B building management office and made available to the fire depart- be altered. B B ment for review.See also Section 1301. Section 6.1,Item 17—Door openings into corridors may be pro- B B tected by assemblies other than those specified in Section 6.1,pro- B B 6.2 Sprinkler Alternatives. The requirements of Table A-I-B-1 vided an effective smoke barrier is maintained. Closing and B B may be modified as specified by the following for existing latching hardware shall be provided. Protection of duct penetra- B B high-rise buildings of Type I,II-F.R.,II One-hour,III One-hour, tions is not required. B B IV or V One-hour construction when an approved automatic B B sprinkler system is installed throughout the building in accord- Section 6.1,Item 19—The length of existing corridor dead ends B B ance with the Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-1): shall not be limited. B B Section 6.1,Item 20—Interior finish in a means of egress may B B Section 6.1,Item 5—Manual fire alarm system shall not be re- be reduced by one classification but shall not be less than Class III. B B quired. B B Installation of meters or backflow preventers for the connection B B Section 6.1,Item 6—Occupant voice notification system shall to the water works system need not be provided unless required by B B not be required;however,if the building is equipped with a public other regulations of the authority having jurisdiction. B 1-269 APPENDIX I-B 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B B TABLE A-1-13-1-OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE1 B BB GROUP R,DIVISION 1 BB Apartment Hotel GROUP B OFFICE B Height Zoneaz B B ITEM REQUIRED 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 B BB 1.Automatic sprinklers in buildings of Type II-N,III-N or V-N construction. B See Section 6.1,Item 1. R R - R R - R R - B2.Automatic sprinklers in corridors,stairways,elevator lobbies,public assembly Bareas,kitchens and at doors opening to corridors.See Section 6.1,Item 2. R R R R R R R R R B3.Fire department communication system or radios.See Section 6.1,Item 3. R R R R R R R R R B4.Single-station smoke detectors.See Section 6.1,Item 4. R R R R R R NR NR NR B 5.Manual fire alarm system.See Section 6.1,Item 5. R R R R R R R R R B B 6.Occupant voice notification system.See Section 6.1,Item 6. NR R R NR R R NR NR NR B7.Vertical shaft enclosure walls of one-hour fire resistance.See Section 6.1,Item 7. R R R R R R R R R B B 8.Protection of openings in vertical shaft enclosures by 20-minute-rated assemblies. B See Section 6.1,Item 8. R R R R R R R R R B9.Manual shutoff of HVAC systems.See Section 6.1,Item 9. R R R R R R R R R B B 10.Automatic elevator recall system.See Section 6.1,Item 10. R R R R R R R R R B 11.Unlocked stairway doors every fifth floor.See Section 6.1,Item 11. R R R R R R NR R R B 12.Stair shaft ventilation.See Section 6.1,Item 12. R R R R R R R R R B B 13.Elevator shaft ventilation.See Section 6.1,Item 13. R R R R R R R R R B14.Posting of elevators as not intended for exiting purposes.See Section 6.1,Item 14. R R R R R R R R R B 15.Minimum of two exit stairways.See Section 6.1,Item 15. R R R R R R R R R B16.Corridor wall construction.See Section 6.1,Item 16. R R R R R R R R R B 17.Protected corridor openings with 20-minute-rated assemblies or 13/4-inch B (44 mm)solid wood door.See Section 6.1,Item 17. R R R R R R NR NR NR B BB 18.Corridor doors equipped with self-closing devices.See Section 6.1,Item 18. R R R R R R NR NR NR B 19.Corridor dead ends limited to 20 feet(6096 mm)maximum.See Section 6.1, B Item 19. R R I R R R R NR NR NR B B20.Interior finish controlled in corridors,exit stairways and extensions thereof. B See Section 6.1,Item 20. R R R R R R R R R B BB 21.Exit stairway illumination.See Section 6.1,Item 21. R R R R R R R R R B 22.Corridor illumination.See Section 6.1,Item 22. R R R R R R NR NR NR B B 23.Exit stairway exit signs.See Section 6.1,Item 23. R R R R R R R R R B24.Exit signs.See Section 6.1,Item 24. R R R R R R R R R B 25.Emergency planning.See Section 6.1,Item 25. R R R R R R R R R B26.Posting of emergency instructions.See Section 6.1,Item 26. R R R R R R R R R B B 27.Fire drills.See Section 6.1,Item 27. NR NR NR R R R NR NR NR B1R indicates provisions are required. BNR indicates provisions are not required. B2Height zones are established based on a building having a floor as measured to the top of the floor surface used for human occupancy located within the ranges of BB heights above the lowest level of the fire department vehicle access in accordance with the following: B Height Zone No.1: More than 75 feet(22 860 mm)but not in excess of 149 feet(45 415 mm). B Height Zone No.2: More than 149 feet(45 415 mm)but not in excess of 399 feet(121.6 m). B Height Zone No.3: More than 399 feet(121.6 m). 1-270 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX I-C APPENDIX I-C STAIRWAY IDENTIFICATION (See UFC Section 1210.4) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 3.3 Upper Terminus. The stairway's upper terminus, such as ROOF ACCESS or NO ROOF ACCESS, shall be placed under Signs to provide information to the occupants and fire department fic he t stairway identification in 1-inch-high(25.4 mm)block letter- personnel to minimize confusion during emergencies shall be in the with 1/4-inch fic mm)stroke. accordance with Appendix I-C. 3.4 Floor Level Number. The floor level number shall be SECTION 2—GENERAL placed in the middle of the sign in 5-inch-high(127 mm)lettering with 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)stroke.The mezzanine levels shall have Standardized signs shall be provided in new and existing build- the letter"M"preceding the floor number.Basement levels shall ings that are four or more stories in height.Such signs shall be in- have the letter"B"preceding the floor number. stalled in stairways to identify each stair landing and indicate the upper and lower termination of the stairway. 3.5 Lower Terminus. The lower and upper terminus of the stair- way shall be placed at the bottom of the sign in 1-inch-high(25.4 SECTION 3—SIGN DETAILS mm)block lettering with 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)stroke. 3.1 Size. Signs shall be a minimum 12 inches by 12 inches(305 3.6 Maintenance. Signs shall be maintained in an approved mm by 305 mm). manner. 3.2 Stairway Location. The stairway location,such as STAIR 1 or WEST STAIR, shall be placed at the top of the sign in SECTION 4—EXAMPLES 1-inch-high (25.4 mm) block lettering with 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) stroke. See Figures A-I-C-1 and A-I-C-2 for examples. 1-inch(25.4 mm)size with 10 WEST STAIR 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)stroke -E 0 NO ROOF ACCESS 5-inch(127 mm)size with 10 M ■ 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)stroke 1-inch(25.4 mm)size with B2 THROUGH 24 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)stroke FIGURE A-1-C-1 12 inches (�(305 mm)— o l STAIR 3 ROOF ACCESS 12 inches(305 mm) 6 1 THROUGH 12 IV FIGURE A-1-C-2 1-271 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-A Division II SPECIAL HAZARDS APPENDIX II-A SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS FIRE AREAS (See UFC Section 1101) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 5.2 Signs. Approved signs prohibiting entry by unauthorized persons and referring to Appendix II-A shall be placed on every The unrestricted use of grass-, grain-, brush- or forest-covered closed area. land in hazardous fire areas is a potential menace to life and property from fire and resulting erosion.Safeguards to prevent the 5.3 Trespassing. Entering and remaining within areas closed occurrence of fires and to provide adequate fire-protection and posted is prohibited. facilities to control the spread of fire which might be caused by EXCEPTION: Owners and occupiers of private or public proper- recreational,residential,commercial,industrial or other activities ty within closed and posted areas,their guests or invitees,and local, conducted in hazardous fire areas shall be in accordance with state and federal public officers and their authorized agents acting in Appendix II-A. the course of duty. SECTION 6—SMOKING SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS Lighting,igniting or otherwise setting fire to or smoking tobacco, For the purpose of Appendix 11-A,certain terms are defined as fol- cigarettes,pipes or cigars in hazardous fire areas is prohibited. lows: EXCEPTION: Places of habitation or within the boundaries of es- TRACER is any bullet or projectile incorporating a feature tablished smoking areas or campsites as designated by the chief. which marks or traces the flight of said bullet or projectile by SECTION 7—SPARK ARRESTERS flame, smoke or other means which results in fire or heat. TRACER CHARGE is any bullet or projectile incorporating a Chimneys used in conjunction with fireplaces,barbecues,inciner- feature designed to create a visible or audible effect by means ators or heating appliances in which solid or liquid fuel is used, which result in fire or heat and shall include any incendiary bullets upon buildings, structures or premises located within 200 feet and projectiles. (60 960 mm) of hazardous fire areas, shall be provided with a spark arrester constructed with heavy wire mesh or other noncom- bustible material with openings not to exceed 1/2 inch(12.7 mm). SECTION 3—PERMITS The chief is authorized to stipulate conditions for permits.Permits SECTION 8—TRACER BULLETS,TRACERCHARGES, ROCKETS AND MODEL AIRCRAFT shall not be issued when public safety would be at risk,as deter- mined by the chief. Tracer bullets and tracer charges shall not be possessed,fired or caused to be fired into or across hazardous fire areas. SECTION 4—RESTRICTED ENTRY Rockets, model planes, gliders and balloons powered with an engine,propellant or other feature liable to start or cause fire shall The chief shall determine and publicly announce when hazardous not be fired or projected into or across hazardous fire areas. fire areas shall be closed to entry and when such areas shall again be opened to entry. Entry on and occupation of hazardous fire SECTION 9—EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING areas,except public roadways,inhabited areas or established trails Explosives shall not be possessed,kept,stored,sold,offered for and camp sites which have not been closed during such time when sale, given away, used, discharged, transported or disposed of the hazardous fire area is closed to entry,is prohibited. within hazardous fire areas except by permit from the chief. EXCEPTIONS: 1.Residents and owners of private property with- in hazardous fire areas and their invitees and guests going to or being SECTION 10—FIREWORKS upon their lands. 2. Entry,in the course of duty,by peace or police officers,and other Fireworks shall not be used or possessed in hazardous fire areas. duly authorized public officers, members of a fire department and members of the United States Forest Service. The chief is authorized to seize,take,remove or cause to be re- moved fireworks in violation of Section 10. SECTION 5—TRESPASSING ON POSTED SECTION 11 —APIARIES PROPERTY Lighted and smoldering material shall not be used in connection 5.1 General. When the chief determines that a specific area with smoking bees in or upon hazardous fire areas except by per- within a hazardous fire area presents an exceptional and continu- mit from the chief. ing fire danger because of the density of natural growth,difficulty of terrain, proximity to structures or accessibility to the public, SECTION 12—OPEN-FLAME DEVICES such areas shall be closed until changed conditions warrant termi- nation of closure. Such areas shall be posted as hereinafter pro- Welding torches, tar pots, decorative torches and other devices, vided. machines or processes liable to start or cause fire shall not be oper- 1-273 APPENDIX II-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ated or used in or upon hazardous fire areas,except by permit from than 10 feet(3048 mm)in each direction from the outer circumfer- the chief ence of such pole or tower. EXCEPTION: Use within habited premises or designated camp- EXCEPTION: Lines used exclusively as telephone, telegraph, sites which are a minimum of 30 feet(9144 mm)from grass-,grain-, messenger call,alarm transmission or other lines classed as communi- brush-or forest-covered areas. cation circuits by a public utility. Flame-employing devices, such as lanterns or kerosene road 15.3 High Tension Line Clearance. Persons owning, control- flares,shall not be operated or used as a signal or marker in or upon ling,operating or maintaining electrical transmission lines upon hazardous fire areas. hazardous fire areas shall maintain the clearance specified in Sec- EXCEPTION: The proper use of fusees at the scenes of emergen- tion 15.3 in all directions between vegetation and conductors car- cies or as required by standard railroad operating procedures. rying electrical current: 1. For lines operating at 2,400 volts and less than 68,000 volts, SECTION 13—OUTDOOR FIRES 4 feet(1219 mm). Outdoor fires shall not be built,ignited or maintained in or upon 2. For lines operating at 68,000 volts and less than 110,000 volts,6 feet(1829 mm). hazardous fire areas,except by permit from the chief. EXCEPTION: Outdoor fires within habited premises or desig- 3. For lines operating at 110,000 volts and over, 10 feet(3048 mm). nated campsites where such fires are built in a permanent barbecue, portable barbecue,outdoor fireplace,incinerator or grill and are a mini- Such distance shall be sufficiently great to furnish the required mum of 30 feet(9144 mm)from a grass-,grain-,brush-or forest-cov- clearance from the particular wire or conductor to positions of Bred area. such wire or conductor at temperatures of 120°F(48.9°C)or less. Permits shall incorporate such terms and conditions which will Forked, dead,old, decadent and rotten trees; trees weakened by reasonably safeguard public safety and property. Outdoor fires catfaces, decay or disease; and trees leaning toward the line, shall not be built,ignited or maintained in or upon hazardous fire which could contact the line from the side or fall on the line,shall areas under the following conditions: be felled,cut or trimmed to remove the hazard. 1. When high winds are blowing, 15.4 Self-supporting Aerial Cable. Line clearance is not re- 2. When a person age 17 or over is not present at all times to quired for self-supporting aerial cable, except that forked trees, watch and tend such fire,or leaning trees and other growth which could fall across the cable 3. When public announcement is made that open burning is and break it shall be removed. prohibited. Permanent barbecues,portable barbecues,outdoor fireplaces or SECTION 16—CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR grills shall not be used for the disposal of rubbish,trash or combus- VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM STRUCTURES tible waste material. 16.1 General. Persons owning, leasing, controlling, operating or maintaining buildings or structures in,upon or adjoining haz- ardous fire areas,and persons owning,leasing or controlling land adjacent to such buildings or structures,shall at all times: Incinerators, outdoor fireplaces, permanent barbecues and grills 1. Maintain an effective firebreak by removing and clearing shall not be built,installed or maintained in hazardous fire areas away flammable vegetation and combustible growth from areas without prior approval of the chief. within 30 feet(9144 mm)of such buildings or structures; Incinerators, outdoor fireplaces, permanent barbecues and EXCEPTION: Single specimens of trees,ornamental shrubbery grills shall be maintained in good repair and in a safe condition at or similar plants used as ground covers,provided that they do not form all times. Openings in such appliances shall be provided with an a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the native growth to any struc- approved spark arrester,screen or door. ture. 2. Maintain additional fire protection or firebreak by removing EXCEPTION: When approved,unprotected openings in barbe- brush, flammable vegetation and combustible growth located cues and grills necessary for proper functioning. from 30 feet to 100 feet(9144 mm to 30 480 mm)from such build- ings or structures, when required by the chief because of extra- SECTION 15—CLEARANCE OF BRUSH AND hazardous conditions causing a firebreak of only 30 feet (9144 VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM ELECTRICAL mm)to be insufficient to provide reasonable firesafety; TRANSMISSION LINES EXCEPTION: Grass and other vegetation located more than 30 feet(9144 mm)from buildings or structures and less than 18 inches 15.1 General. Clearance of brush and vegetative growth from (457 mm)in height above the ground need not be removed where nec- electrical transmission lines shall be in accordance with Sec- essary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion. tion 15. 3. Remove portions of trees which extend within 10 feet(3048 EXCEPTION: Section 15 does not authorize persons not having mm)of the outlet of a chimney; legal right of entry to enter upon or damage the property of others with- 4. Maintain trees adjacent to or overhanging a building free of out consent of the owner. deadwood;and 15.2 Support Clearance. Persons owning,controlling,operat- 5. Maintain the roof of a structure free of leaves,needles or oth- ing or maintaining electrical transmission lines upon hazardous er dead vegetative growth. fire areas shall,at all times,maintain around and adjacent to poles supporting a switch, fuse, transformer, lightning arrester, line 16.2 Corrective Actions. The executive body is authorized to junction,dead end,corner pole,towers,or other poles or towers at instruct the chief to give notice to the owner of the property upon which power company employees are likely to work most fre- which conditions regulated by Section 16.1 exist to correct such quently an effective firebreak consisting of a clearing of not less conditions.If the owner fails to correct such conditions,the execu- 1-274 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-A tive body is authorized to cause the same to be done and make the 3. Where such ashes or coals are buried and covered with 1 foot expense Of Such correction a lien upon the property where such' (304.8 mm)of mineral earth not less than 25 feet(7620 mm)from com- condition exists. bustible vegetation or structures. SECTION 21 —USE OF FIRE ROADS AND SECTION 17—CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR FIREBREAKS VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM ROADWAYS Motorcycles,motor scooters and motor vehicles shall not be driv- The chief is authorized to cause areas within 10 feet(3048 mm)on en or parked upon,and trespassing is prohibited upon,fire roads or each side of portions of highways and private streets which are im- firebreaks beyond the point where travel is restricted by a cable, proved, designed or ordinarily used for vehicular traffic to be gate or sign,without the permission of the property owners. Ve cleared of flammable vegetation and other combustible growth. hicles shall not be parked in a manner which obstructs the entrance The chief is authorized to enter upon private property to do so. to a fire road or firebreak. EXCEPTION• Single specimens of trees,ornamental shrubbery EXCEPTION: Public officers acting within their scope of duty. or cultivated ground cover such as green grass,ivy,succulents or simi- Radio and television aerials,guy wires thereto, and other ob- lar plants used as ground covers, provided that they do not form a structions shall not be installed or maintained on fire roads or fire- means of readily transmitting fire. breaks unless located 16 feet(4877 mm)or more above such fire road or firebreak. SECTION 18—UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES SECTION 22—USE OF MOTORCYCLES, MOTOR If the chief determines that difficult terrain,danger of erosion or SCOOTERS AND MOTOR VEHICLES other unusual circumstances make strict compliance with the clearance of vegetation provisions of Sections 15, 16 or 17 of Motorcycles,motor scooters and motor vehicles shall not be oper- Appendix II-A undesirable or impractical, enforcement thereof ated within hazardous fire areas, without a permit by the chief, may be suspended and reasonable alternative measures shall be except upon clearly established public or private roads. Permis- provided. sion from the property owner shall be presented when requesting a permit. SECTION 19—DUMPING SECTION 23—TAMPERING WITH FIRE Garbage, cans, bottles, papers, ashes, refuse, trash, rubbish or DEPARTMENT LOCKS, BARRICADES AND SIGNS combustible waste material shall not be placed, deposited or Locks,barricades,seals,cables,signs and markers installed with- dumped in or upon hazardous fire areas or in,upon or along trails, in hazardous fire areas,by or under the control of the chief,shall roadways or highways in hazardous fire areas. not be tampered with,mutilated,destroyed or removed. EXCEPTION: Approved public and private dumping areas. Gates,doors,barriers and locks installed by or under the control of the chief shall not be unlocked. SECTION 20—DISPOSAL OF ASHES Ashes and coals shall not be placed, deposited or dumped in or SECTION 24—LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE upon hazardous fire areas. The expenses of fighting fires which result from a violation of EXCEPTIONS: 1.In the hearth of an established fire pit,camp Appendix II-A shall be a charge against the person whose viola- stove or fireplace. tion of Appendix II-A caused the fire. Damages caused by such 2. In a noncombustible container with a tightfitting lid,which is fires shall constitute a debt of such person and are collectable by kept or maintained in a safe location not less than 10 feet(3048 mm) the chief in the same manner as in the case of an obligation under a from combustible vegetation or structures. contract,expressed or implied. 1-275 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-B APPENDIX II-B PROTECTION OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TANKS IN LOCATIONS SUBJECT TO FLOODING (See UFC Sections 7902.1.8.2.4 and 7902.6.7) SECTION 1 —PIPE CONNECTIONS SECTION 3—UNDERGROUND TANKS 3.1 Locations with a Water Supply. Underground tanks con- Pipe connections below the allowable liquid level in tanks shall be taining flammable or combustible liquids at locations where there provided with valves or cocks located as close as practical to the is an ample and dependable water supply available at and below tank shell. Such valves and their connections and fittings to the the maximum flood stage and installed such that more than 70 per- tank shall not be of cast iron. cent of storage capacity will be submerged at the maximum flood stage shall be loaded with concrete or other approved loading ma- terial sufficient to prevent movement of the tank when filled with SECTION 2—ABOVEGROUND TANKS flammable or combustible liquids and submerged by flood waters. 3.2 Locations without a Water Supply. At locations where 2.1 Vertical Tanks. Vertical tanks shall be installed as follows: there is not an ample or dependable water supply,the tank shall be loaded with concrete as required by Section 3.1,and,in addition, 1. Aboveground vertical storage tanks containing flammable an emergency liquid supply sufficient to fill the tank during flood or combustible liquid shall not be located such that the maximum stages shall be provided. allowable liquid level within the tank is below the established maximum flood stage,unless the tank is provided with a guiding 3.3 Alternative Tank Loading. Where loading of underground structure,such as described in Section 5. tanks with liquids is impractical because of the character of the contents or the use,tanks shall be safeguarded against movement 2. An ample and dependable public water supply shall be avail- when empty and when submerged by flood waters by loading with able at and below the established maximum flood stage,or facili- concrete or other approved solid loading material.Each such tank ties independent of a public water supply shall be provided for shall be constructed and installed such that it will safely resist ex- loading partially empty tanks with water. ternal pressures due to flood waters. 3. In addition to the preceding requirements,tanks located such 3.4 Capacity Limits. The capacity of newly installed tanks shall that more than 70 percent,but less than 100 percent,of the allow- not exceed 3,000 gallons(11 356 L). When installed,but before able liquid storage capacity will be submerged at the established backfilling, tanks and fittings shall be tested for tightness at not maximum flood stage shall be safeguarded by one of the following less than 5 pounds per square inch(34.5 kPa).Greater test pressur- methods: es shall be used when required by the chief for tanks subject to sub- mergence in excess of 30 feet(9144 mm). 3.1. Tank shall be raised or increased in height until the top ex- 3.5 Pressure Equipment. Where tanks are not designed to resist tends above the maximum flood stage a distance equiva- external pressure,special provisions shall be provided to equalize lent to 30 percent or more of the allowable liquid storage the internal and external pressures on the tank to prevent capacity, provided, however, that the submerged part of deformation and resultant expulsion of flammable or combustible the tank shall not exceed two and one-half times the diam- liquids. eter,or 3.2 Adequate noncombustible structural guides, designed to SECTION 4—INDEPENDENT WATER SUPPLY permit the tank to float vertically without loss of product, FACILITIES shall be provided. 4.1 General. At locations where an independent water supply is 2.2 Horizontal Tanks. Horizontal tanks shall be installed as fol- required,the supply shall be entirely independent of public power and water supply.Independent sources of water shall be available lows: when flood waters reach a level not less than 10 feet(3048 mm) 1. Independent water supply facilities shall be provided at lo- below the bottom of the lowest tank on a property. cations where an ample and dependable public water supply is not 4.2 Location of Self-contained Power and Pumping Units. available for loading partially empty tanks with water. The self-contained power and pumping unit shall be located or 2. Horizontal tanks located such that more than 70 percent of designed such that pumping into tanks can be carried on continu- the storage capacity will be submerged at the established maxi- ously throughout the rise in flood waters from a level 10 feet(3048 mm)below the lowest tank to the level of the potential flood stage. mum flood stage shall be secured to a concrete or steel and con- crete foundation of sufficient weight to produce adequate loading 4.3 Pump Sizing. Capacity of the pumping unit shall be such of tank when filled with flammable or combustible liquids. that the rate of rise of water in tanks shall be equivalent to the es- tablished potential average rate of rise of flood waters at any stage. 3. Special provision shall be provided to equalize the internal 4.4 Testing. Independent pumping units shall be tested periodi- and external pressures on the tank to prevent deformation of the cally to ensure that they are in satisfactory operating condition. tank and resultant expulsion of flammable or combustible liquid. 23 Other Types of Tanks. Spherical and spheroidal tanks shall SECTION 5—STRUCTURAL GUIDES be protected by applicable methods as specified for either vertical 5.1 General. Structural guides for holding floating tanks above or horizontal tanks. their foundations shall be designed such that there will not be 1-277 APPENDIX II-B 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE resistance to the free rise of a tank and shall be constructed of non- 6.2 Floating Tanks. Floating tanks shall be prepared for flood- combustible material. ing as follows: 5.2 Minimum Design Strength. The strength of the structure 1. Where structural guides are provided for the protection of shall be adequate to resist lateral movement of a tank subject to a floating tanks,rigid connections between tanks and pipelines shall horizontal force in any direction equivalent to not less than be disconnected before the flood waters reach the bottom of the 25 pounds per square foot(1.2 kN/m2)acting on the projected ver- tank,unless control valves and their connections to the tank are of tical cross-sectional area of the tank. an approved type of extra-heavy construction designed to prevent breakage between valve and tank. 5.3 Additional Design Strength. Where tanks are situated on 2. Valves attached to tanks,other than those used in connection exposed points or bends in a shore line where swift currents in with water-loading operations,shall be closed and locked. flood waters will be present, the structures shall be designed to 3. If a tank is equipped with a swing line,the swing pipe shall withstand 2).unit force of not less than 50 pounds per square foot (2.4 kN/m be raised to and secured at its highest position. SECTION 7—INSPECTIONS SECTION 6—SAFE PRACTICES Periodic inspections of plants where the storage of flammable or 6.1 Water Loading. Water loading shall be as follows: combustible liquids is regulated by Appendix II-B shall be con- ducted to ensure the following: 1. The filling of a tank to be protected by water loading shall be 1. That flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks are started as soon as flood waters reach a dangerous flood stage.The maintained in compliance with Appendix II-B. rate of filling shall be at least equal to the rate of rise of the flood waters,or the established average potential rate of rise. 2. That detailed printed instructions of procedures to be fol- lowed during flood emergencies are properly posted. 2. Sufficient fuel to operate the water pumps shall be available 3.That station operators and other employees depended upon to at all times to ensure adequate power to fill all tanks with water. carry out such instructions are thoroughly informed as to the loca- 3. Valves on connecting pipelines shall be closed and locked in tion and operation of valves and other equipment necessary to closed position when water loading is completed. carry out provisions in Appendix II-B. 1-278 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-C APPENDIX II-C MARINAS (See UFC Sections 1001.1 and 1101.1) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 5.4 Rubbish Containers. Containers with tightfitting or self- closing lids shall be provided for the temporary storage of com- Marina facilities shall be in accordance with Appendix II-C and bustible trash or rubbish. all other applicable requirements of this code. 5.5 Electrical Equipment. Electrical equipment shall be in- stalled and used in accordance with the Electrical Code as re- SECTION 2—PLANS AND APPROVALS quired for wet,damp and hazardous locations. Plans for marina fire-protection facilities shall be approved prior to installation.The work shall be subject to final inspection and SECTION 6—FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT approval after installation. 6.1 General. Piers,wharves,floats with facilities for mooring or servicing five or more vessels,and marine motor vehicle fuel-dis- SECTION 3—PERMITS pensing stations shall be equipped with fire-protection equipment Permits are required to use open-flame devices for maintenance or in accordance with Section 6. repair on vessels,floats,piers or wharves. 6.2 Standpipes. Permits are also required to use portable barbecues,braziers or 6.2.1 General. Portions of floats more than 250 feet (76 200 cooking devices on vessels,floats,piers or wharves. mm)from fire apparatus access and marine motor vehicle fuel- dispensing stations shall be provided with an approved Class II ' SECTION 4—DEFINITIONS wet standpipe system installed in accordance with the Building Code(see UBC Standard 9-2)and Section 1004. For the purpose of Appendix II-C,certain terms are defined as fol- lows: 6.2.2 Hose stations. Hose stations shall be spaced to provide protection to all portions of floats or floating vessels.Hoses shall FLOAT is a floating structure normally used as a point of trans- be mounted on a reel or rack and enclosed within an approved cab- fer for passengers and goods,or both,for mooring purposes. inet.Hose stations shall be labeled FIRE HOSE—EMERGENCY I MARINA is any portion of the ocean or inland water,either nat- USE ONLY.Listed equipment shall be used. urally or artificially protected,for the mooring,servicing or safety 6.2.3 Fire department inlet connection. At the shore end,the of vessels and shall include artificially protected works,the public waterline shall be equipped with not less than a two-way 21/2-inch or private lands ashore,and structures or facilities provided within (63.5 mm)fire department inlet connection. the enclosed body of water and ashore for the mooring or servicing of vessels or the servicing of their crews or passengers. 6.2.4 Areas subject to freezing. Waterlines shall normally be PIER is a structure built over the water,supported by pillars or dry where subject to freezing temperatures. piles,and used as a landing place,pleasure pavilion or similar pur- 6.3 Access and Water Supply. Piers and wharves shall be pro- pose. vided with fire apparatus access roads and water-supply systems VESSEL is watercraft of any type,other than seaplanes on the with on-site fire hydrants when required by the chief.Such roads water,used or capable of being used as a means of transportation. and water systems shall be provided and maintained in accordance Included in this definition are nontransportation vessels such as with Sections 902.2 and 903. houseboats and boathouses. 6.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers. One fire extinguisher having WHARF is a structure or bulkhead constructed of wood,stone, a minimum rating of 2A, 20-B:C, shall be provided at each re- concrete or similar material built at the shore of a harbor,lake or quired hose station. river for vessels to lie alongside of, and piers or floats to be anchored to. Additional fire extinguishers,suitable for the hazards involved, shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Article 10 and UFC Standard 10-1. SECTION 5—FIRE PREVENTION 5.1 Combustible Debris. Combustible debris and rubbish shall SECTION 7—TRANSMISSION OF ALARMS not be deposited or accumulated on land beneath marina struc- tures,piers or wharves. Means shall be available for the immediate notification of the fire department. 5.2 Sources of Ignition. Open-flame devices used for lighting or decoration on the exterior of a vessel,float,pier or wharf shall be approved. SECTION 8—MARINE MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS 5.3 Flammable or Combustible Liquid Spills. Spills of flam- mable or combustible liquids at or upon the water shall be reported Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accord- immediately to the fire department or jurisdictional authorities. ance with Article 52. 1-279 17.56.205 Adopt UFC Appendix H-C Amended--Marinas. (3317-1196, 3430-7/99) Section 2. PLANS AND APPROVALS GENERAL. Plans for marina fire-protection facilities shall be approved by the fire chief prior to installation. The completed work shall be subject to final inspection and approval after installation. Two (2) sets of plans shall be submitted to the Fire Department indicating: (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) (a) The dock layout. (3317-1/96) (b) The location of wet standpipe outlets, accompanied by pipe schedules and hydraulic calculations. (3317-1/96) (c)Location of fire extinguisher cabinets. (3317-1/96) Section 6. FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT. (3317-1/96) All piers, wharves, floats with facilities for mooring or servicing five (5) or more vessels, and marine service stations shall be equipped with fire protection equipment as follows: (3317-1/96) (a) A wet standpipe system shall be installed on all docks, piers, wharves, or marine service stations that exceed one hundred (100) feet in length or are otherwise inaccessible from City fire hydrants. The wet standpipe system shall be capable of delivering two-hundred and fifty (250) gallons per minute at a residual pressure of fifty (50) psi at the outlet. The outlet shall be a two- and-one-half(2 1/2) inch national standard thread with an approved gate valve. Outlets shall be spaced at two hundred (200) foot intervals, in approved locations, preferably at point of public access. Outlets shall be installed so that they are readily visible, unobstructed and readily discernible as a piece of firefighting equipment. (3317-1/96) (b)Piers and wharves shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads and water supply systems with on-site fire hydrants as may be required by the fire chief. Such roads and water systems shall conform to UFC Article 10 of this code. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) (c) The wet standpipe system shall be provided with a Fire Department siamese connection which shall be located within five (5) feet of the nearest fire apparatus access roadway. (3317-1/96) (d)PORTABLE FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT. (3317-1/96) (1) A 4A, 40-B:C fire extinguisher shall be located every one hundred and fifty (150) feet along the dock. The fire extinguisher shall be located in a standard fire extinguisher cabinet with a breakable glass front. The Cabinet shall have placards on both sides with the words'FIRE EXTINGUISHER' and either have an additional placard on the front or shall be easily recognized from the front as a fire extinguisher cabinet. (3317-1/96) (2) The fire chief shall designate the type and number of all other fire appliances to be installed and maintained in each marina. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Section 7. TRANSMISSION OF ALARMS. (3317-1/96) A means for transmitting alarms immediately to the Fire Department shall be available pursuant to the standards and specification of the Huntington Beach Fire Department. (3317-1/96) 1. 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-D APPENDIX II-D RIFLE RANGES (See UFC Section 1101.1) SECTION 1 —PERMIT SECTION 4—INSPECTION AND DISPOSAL OF AMMUNITION A permit is required to establish,maintain or operate a rifle range. Ammunition shall be inspected and approved by the range officer Applications for permits shall be referred to the chief law enforce- before permission to fire or discharge the same is granted.Ammu- ment officer for approval. nition that will not fire or discharge or which is otherwise defec- tive shall be surrendered to the range officer for safe disposal. SECTION 2—SUPERVISION BY RANGE OFFICER SECTION 5—PORTABLE FIRE APPLIANCES Rifle ranges shall be equipped with portable fire appliances and Rifle ranges shall not be operated or maintained without the super- other equipment required by the chief.Additional fire-prevention vision of a qualified range officer. measures required by the chief shall be provided. SECTION 6—REMOVAL OF VEGETATION SECTION 3—QUALIFICATIONS OF RANGE OFFICER Rifle ranges,including striking grounds,shall be completely clear of vegetation within a safe distance from the firing line. To qualify as a range officer,individuals shall demonstrate to the chief and chief law enforcement officer their knowledge of fire- SECTION 7—WARNINGS arms and ammunition,including the general rules of safety and the provisions of this code relative thereto. Qualified range officers Rifle ranges which are not fenced shall be posted with approved shall be issued a certificate of fitness upon completion of such warning posters or signs to notify and protect the public from qualification examination. danger. 1-281 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-E APPENDIX II-E HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLANS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENTS (See UFC Sections 8001.3.2 and 8001.3.3) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 3.2.1 General information. General information, including business name and address,emergency contacts,business activ- Hazardous materials inventory statements(HMIS)and hazardous ity,business owner or operator,SIC code,number of employees materials management plans(HMMP)which are required by the and hours,Dunn and Bradstreet number,and signature of owner, chief pursuant to Article 80 shall be provided for hazardous mate- operator or designated representative. rials in accordance with Appendix II-E. 3.2.2 General site plan. A general site plan drawn at a legible EXCEPTIONS: 1.Materials which have been satisfactorily dem- scale which shall include, but not be limited to, the location of onstrated not to present a potential danger to public health,safety or buildings, exterior storage facilities, permanent access ways, welfare,based upon the quantity or condition of storage,when ap- proved. evacuation routes,parking lots,internal roads,chemical loading 2.Chromium,copper,lead,nickel and silver need not be considered areas, equipment cleaning areas, storm and sanitary sewer ac- hazardous materials for the purposes of Appendix II-E unless they are cesses,emergency equipment and adjacent property uses.The ex- stored in a friable,powdered or finely divided state. terior storage areas shall be identified with the hazard class and the Proprietary and trade secret information shall be protected un- maximum quantities per hazard class of hazardous materials der the laws of the state or jurisdiction having authority. stored. When required by the chief, information regarding the location of wells, flood plains, earthquake faults, surface water bodies and general land uses within 1 mile(1.609 km)of the facil- SECTION 2—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY ity boundaries shall be included. STATEMENTS (HMIS) 3.2.3 Building floor plan. A building floor plan drawn to a 2.1 When Required. A separate HMIS shall be provided for legible scale which shall include,but not be limited to,hazardous each building,including its appurtenant structures,and each exte- materials storage areas within the building and shall indicate rior facility in which hazardous materials are stored. rooms, doorways, corridors, means of egress and evacuation routes.Each hazardous materials storage facility shall be identi- The hazardous materials inventory statement shall list by haz- fied by a map key which lists the individual hazardous materials, and class all hazardous materials stored.The hazardous materials their hazard class and quantity present for each area. inventory statement shall include the following information for 3.2.4 Hazardous materials handling. Information showing each hazardous material listed: that activities involving the handling of hazardous materials be- 1. Hazard class. tween the storage areas and manufacturing processes on site are 2. Common or trade name. conducted in a manner to prevent the accidental release of such materials. 3. Chemical name,major constituents and concentrations if a 3.2.5 Chemical compatibility and separation. Information mixture.If a waste,the waste category. showing procedures,controls,signs or other methods used to en- 4. Chemical Abstract Service number(CAS number)found in sure separation and protection of stored materials from factors 29 Code of Federal Regulations(C.F.R.). which could cause accidental ignition or reaction of ignitable, 5. Whether the material is pure or a mixture,and whether the reactive or incompatible materials in each area. material is a solid,liquid or gas. 3.2.6 Monitoring program. Information including,but not lim- 6. Maximum aggregate quantity stored at any one time. ited to,the location,type,manufacturer's specifications,if appli- cable, and suitability of monitoring methods for each storage 7. Storage conditions related to the storage type,temperature facility when required. and pressure. 3.2.7 Inspection and record keeping. Schedules and proce- 2.2 Changes to HMIS. An amended HMIS shall be provided dures for inspecting safety and monitoring and emergency equip- within 30 days of the storage of any hazardous materials which ment.The permittee shall develop and follow a written inspection changes or adds a hazard class or which is sufficient in quantity to procedure acceptable to the chief for inspecting the facility for cause an increase in the quantity which exceeds 5 percent for any events or practices which could lead to unauthorized discharges of hazard class. hazardous materials.Inspections shall be conducted at a frequen- cy appropriate to detect problems prior to a discharge.An inspec- tion check sheet shall be developed to be used in conjunction with SECTION 3—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS routine inspections. The check sheet shall provide for the date, MANAGEMENT PLAN (HMMP) time and location of inspection;note problems and dates and times of corrective actions taken;and include the name of the inspector 3.1 General. Applications for a permit to store hazardous mate- and the countersignature of the designated safety manager for the rials shall include an HMMP standard form or short form in ac- facility. cordance with Section 3 and shall provide a narrative description of the operations and processes taking place at the facility. See 3.2.8 Employee training. A training program appropriate to the Figure A-II-E-1. types and quantities of materials stored or used shall be conducted to prepare employees to safely handle hazardous materials on a 3.2 Information Required. The HMMP standard form shall in- daily basis and during emergencies.The training program shall in- clude the information detailed in Section 3.2. clude: 1-283 APPENDIX II-E 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 1.Instruction in safe storage and handling of hazardous materi- 1. General facility information, als,including maintenance of monitoring records, 2. A simple line drawing of the facility showing the location of 2.Instruction in emergency procedures for leaks,spills,fires or storage facilities and indicating the hazard class or classes and explosions,including shutdown of operations and evacuation pro- physical state of the hazardous materials being stored, cedures,and 3. Information describing that the hazardous materials will be 3. Record-keeping procedures for documenting training given stored and handled in a safe manner and will be appropriately con- to employees. tained,separated and monitored,and 4. Assurance that security precautions have been taken, em- 3.2.9 Emergency response. A description of facility emergency ployees have been appropriately trained to handle the hazardous procedures is to be provided. materials and react to emergency situations,adequate labeling and warning signs are posted, adequate emergency equipment is 3.3 HMMP Short Form—(Minimal Storage Site). A facility maintained,and the disposal of hazardous materials will be in an shall qualify as a minimal storage site if the quantity of each appropriate manner. hazardous material stored in one or more facilities in an aggre- gate quantity for the facility is 500 pounds (227 kg) or less for SECTION 4—MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS solids,55 gallons(208.2 L)or less for liquids,or 200 cubic feet (5.7 m3)or less at NTP for compressed gases and does not exceed Hazardous materials inventory statements and hazardous materi- the threshold planning quantity as listed in 40 C.F.R., Part 355, als management plans shall be maintained by the permittee for a Sections 302 and 304. The applicant for a permit for a facility period of not less than three years after submittal of updated or re- which qualifies as a minimal storage site is allowed to file the short vised versions.Such records shall be made available to the chief form HMMP.Such plan shall include the following components: upon request. 1-284 17.56.210 Adopt UFC Appendix H-E Amended--Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. (3317-1/96, 3430-7/99) Section 1. Scope(3317-1196) ADD—The Huntington Beach Municipal Code, Chapter 17.58 is incorporated herein by reference, and declared to be part of the Huntington Beach Fire Code as though set out in full herein. The intent of Appendix II-E and Municipal Code Chapter 17.58 is deemed to be substantially equivalent in intent. (3317-1/96) 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-E FIGURE A-II-E-1 SAMPLE FORMAT HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN (HMMP) INSTRUCTIONS SECTION I—FACILITY DESCRIPTION L I Part A 1. Fill out Items I through I 1 and sign the declaration. 2. Only Part A of this section is required to be updated and submitted annually,or within 30 days of a change. 1.2 Part B---General Facility Description(Site Plan) 1. Provide a site plan on 81/,)-by l 1-inch(215 mm by 279 mm)paper,using letters on the top and bottom margins and numbers on the right and left side margins,showing the location of all buildings,structures,chemical loading areas,parking lots,internal roads,storm and sanitary sewers,wells,and adja- cent property uses.Indicate the approximate scale,northern direction and date the drawing was completed. 2. List all special land uses within l mile(1.609 km). 1.3 Part C—Facility Storage Map(Confidential Information) I. Provide a floor plan of each building on 81/2-by I I-inch(215 mm by 279 mm)paper,using letters on the top and bottom margins and numbers on the right and left side margins,with approximate scale and northern direction,showing the location of each storage area.Mark map clearly"Confidential—Do not disclose"for trade-secret information as specified by federal,state and local laws. 2. Identify each storage area with an identification number,letter,name or symbol. 3. Show the following: 3.1 Accesses to each storage area. 3.2 Location of emergency equipment. 3.3 The general purpose of other areas within the facility. 3.4 Location of all aboveground and underground tanks to include sumps,vaults,below-grade treatment systems,piping,etc. 4. Map key.Provide the following on the map or in a map key or legend for each storage area: 4.1 A list of hazardous materials,including wastes. 4.2 Hazard class of each hazardous waste. 4.3 The maximum quantity for hazardous materials. 4.4 Include the contents and capacity limit of all tanks at each area and indicate whether they are above or below ground. 4.5 List separately any radioactives,cryogens and compressed gases for each facility. 4.6 Trade-secret information shall be listed as specified by federal,state and local laws. l SECTION II—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT(HMIS) 2.1 Part A—Declaration Fill out all appropriate information. 2.2 Part B—Inventory Statement I. You must complete a separate inventory statement for all waste and nonwaste hazardous materials.List all hazardous materials in alphabetical order by hazard class. 2. Inventory Statement Instructions Column Information Required I Provide hazard class for each material. 2 Nonwaste.Provide the common or trade name of the regulated material. Waste.In lieu of trade names,you may provide the waste category. 3 Provide the chemical name and major constituents and concentrations,if a mixture. 4 Enter the chemical abstract service number(CAS number)found in 29 C.F.R.For mixtures,enter the CAS number of the mixture as a whole if it has been assigned a number distinct from its constituents.For a mixture that has no CAS number,leave this item blank or report the CAS numbers of as many constit- uent chemicals as possible. 5 Enter the following descriptive codes as they apply to each material.You may list more than one code,if applicable. P = Pure M= Mixture S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas 6 6.1 Provide the maximum aggregate quantity of each material handled at any one time by the business.For underground tanks,list the maximum volume [in gallons(liters)]of the tank. 6.2 Enter the estimated average daily amount on site during the past year. 7 Enter the units used in Column 6 as: LB = Pounds GA= Gallons CF = Cubic Feet 8 Enter the storage codes below for type,temperature and pressure. 1-285 APPENDIX II-E 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Type Temperature A = Aboveground Tank 4 = Ambient B = Belowground Tank 5 = Greater than Ambient C = Tank inside Building 6 = Less than Ambient, D = Steel Drum but not Cryogenic[less than—150°F(-101.1°C)] E = Plastic or Nonmetallic Drum 7 = Cryogenic conditions F = Can [less than—150°F(-101.1°C)1 G = Carboy H = Silo I = Fiber Drum Pressure J = Bag I = Ambient(Atmospheric) K = Box 2 = Greater than Ambient L = Cylinder (Atmospheric) M = Glass Bottle or Jug 3 = Less than Ambient N = Plastic Bottles or Jugs (Atmospheric) O = Tote Bin P = Tank Wagon Q = Rail Car R = Other SECTION III—SEPARATION AND MONITORING 3.1 Part A—Aboveground Fill out Items I through 6,or provide similar information for each storage area shown on the facility map.Use additional sheets as necessary. 3.2 Part 11—Underground 1. Complete a separate page for each underground tank,sump,vault,below-grade treatment system,etc. 2. Check the type of tank and method(s)that applies to your tank(s)and piping,and answer the appropriate questions.Provide any additional information in the space provided or on a separate sheet. SECTION IV—WASTE DISPOSAL Check all that apply and list the associated wastes for each method checked. SECTION V—RECORD KEEPING Include a brief description of your inspection procedures.You are also required to keep an inspection log and recordable discharge log,which are designed to ' be used in conjunction with routine inspections for all storage facilities or areas.Place a check in each box that describes your fors.If you do not use the sample forms,provide copies of your fors for review and approval. SECTION VI—EMERGENCY-RESPONSE PLAN 1. This plan should describe the personnel,procedures and equipment available for responding to a release or threatened release of hazardous materials that are stored,handled or used on site. 2. A check or a response under each item indicates that a specific procedure is followed at the facility,or that the equipment specified is maintained on site. 3. If the facility maintains a more detailed emergency-response plan on site,indicate this in Item 5.This plan shall be made available for review by the inspecting jurisdiction. SECTION VII—EMERGENCY-RESPONSE TRAINING PLAN 1. This plan should describe the basic training plan used at the facility. 2. A check in the appropriate box indicates the training is provided or the records are maintained. 3. If the facility maintains a more detailed emergency-response training plan,indicate this in Item 4.This plan shall be made available for review by the inspecting jurisdiction. 1-286 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-E FIGURE A-II-E-1—(Continued) HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN SECTION I: FACILITY DESCRIPTION PART B—GENERAL FACILITY PART A—GENERAL INFORMATION DESCRIPTION/SITE PLAN 1.Business Name: Phone: (Use grid format below.) Address: Special land uses within 1 mile(1.609 km): 2.Person Responsible for the Business: Name Title Phone 3.Emergency contacts: PART C—FACILITY MAP Name Title Home Work (Use grid format below.) Number Number A B C D E F G H I J K L M N 1 � 2 2 4.Person Responsible for the Application/Principal Contact: 3 3 Name Title Phone 4 4 5 5 5.Property Owner: 6 6 Name Address Phone > > 8 a 6.Principal Business Activity: 9 9 7.Number of Employees: 10 .10 8.Number of Shifts: 1i 11 9.Hours of Operation: 12 12 10.SIC Code: 13 13 11.Dunn and Bradstreet Number: 14 14 12.Declaration 15 -is — I certify that the information above and on the following parts is true 16 is and correct to the best of my knowledge. Signature: Date: 1T 17 Print Name: Title: A B C D E F i G I H I 1 'J K L IM IN (Must be signed by owner/operator or designated representative) BUSINESS NAME DATE ADDRESS CITY PAGE_OF SECTION II: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT PART A—DECLARATION I. Business Name: 2. Address: 3. Declaration: Under penalty of perjury,I declare the above and subsequent information,provided as part of the haz- ardous materials inventory statement,is true and correct. Signature: Date: Print Name: Title: (Must be signed by owner/operator or designated representative) PART B—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) MAXIMA OUAN- m (a) CHEMICAL NAME, CHEMICAL TITY ON HAND AT STORAGE CODE HAZARD COMMON/ COMPONENTS AND ABSTRACT PHYSICAL ANY TIME (TYPE,PRES.,TEMP.) CLASS TRADE NAME CONCENTRATION SERVICE NO. STATE UNITS 1-287 APPENDIX II-E 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE FIGURE A-I I-E-1—(Continued) SECTION III: SEPARATION, SECONDARY CONTAINMENT AND MONITORING PART A—ABOVEGROUND STORAGE AREAS Storage Area Identification(as shown on facility map): 1. Storage Type: Original Containers Safety Cans Inside Machinery Bulk Tank 55-gallon(208.2 L) Outside Barrels Drums or Storage Shed Pressurized Vessel Other: 2. Storage Location: Inside Building Outside Building Secured 3. Separation: All Materials One-hour Separation Compatible Wall/Partition Separated by 20 Feet(6096 mm) Approved Cabinets Other: 4. Secondary Containment: Approved Cabinet Secondary Drums Tray Bermed,Coated Floor Vaulted Tank Double-wall Tank Other: 5. Monitoring: Visual Continuous Other: Attach specifications if necessary 6. Monitoring Frequency: Daily Weekly Other: Attach additional sheets as necessary SECTION III: SEPARATION, CONTAINMENT AND MONITORING PART B—UNDERGROUND SINGLE-WALL TANKS AND PIPING Tank Area Identification(as shown on facility map): 1. Backfill Vapor Wells— Model and Manufacturer: Continuous or Monthly Testing: 2. _ Groundwater Monitoring Wells 3. Monthly Precision Tank Test 4. Piping— Monitoring Method: Frequency: 5. Other: DOUBLE-WALL TANKS AND PIPING Tank Area Identification(as shown on facility map): 1. Method of monitoring the annular space: 2.Frequency: Continuous Daily Weekly Other: 3.List the type of secondary containment for piping: 4.List the method of monitoring the secondary containment for piping: 5.Are there incompatible materials within the same vault? Yes No If yes,how is separate secondary containment provided? Note:If you have continuous monitoring equipment,you shall maintain copies of all service and maintenance work.Such reports shall be made available for review on site,and shall be submitted to the fire prevention bureau upon request. Attach additional sheets as necessary 1-288 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-E SECTION IV: WASTE DISPOSAL Discharge to the Sanitary Pretreatment— Sewer—Wastes: Wastes: Licensed Waste Hauler— Recycle— Wastes: Wastes: Other— Describe Method: Wastes: No Waste SECTION V: RECORD KEEPING Description of our inspection program: We will use the attached sample forms in our inspection program. We will not use the sample forms.We have attached a copy of our own forms. SECTION VI: EMERGENCY-RESPONSE PLAN 1. In the event of an emergency,the following shall be notified: A. On-site Responders: Name Title Phone B. Method of Notification to Responder: Automatic Alarm Phone Manual Alarm Verbal Other: C. Agency Phone Number Fire Department: State Office of Emergency: Services: Other: 2. Designated Local Emergency Medical Facility: Name Address Phone(24 hours) 3. Mitigation Equipment: A. Monitoring Devices: Toxic or flammable gas detection Fluid detection Other: B. Spill Containment: Absorbants Other: C. Spill Control and Treatment Vapor Scrubber Mechanical Ventilation Pumps/vacuums Secondary Containment Neutralizer Other: 1-289 APPENDIX II-E 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 4. Evacuation: Immediate area evacuation routes posted Entire building evacuation procedures developed Assembly areas preplanned Evacuation maps posted Other: S. Supplemental hazardous materials emergency response plan on site. Location: Responsible Person: Phone: SECTION VII: EMERGENCY-RESPONSE TRAINING PLAN 1. Person responsible for the emergency-response training plan: Name Title Phone 2. Training Requirements: A. All employees trained in the following as indicated: Procedures for internal alarm/notification Procedures for notification of external emergency-response organizations Location and content of the emergency-response plan B. Chemical handlers are trained in the following as indicated: Safe methods for handling and storage of hazardous materials Proper use of personal protective equipment Locations and proper use of fire-and spill-control equipment Specific hazards of each chemical to which they may be exposed C. Emergency-response team members are trained in the following: Procedures for shutdown of operations Procedures for using,maintaining and replacing facility emergency and monitoring equipment 3. The following records are maintained for all employees: Verification that training was completed by the employee Description of the type and amount of introductory and continuing training Documentation on and description of emergency-response drills conducted at the facility 4. A more comprehensive and detailed emergency-response training plan is maintained on site. Location: Responsible Person: Phone: 1-290 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-F APPENDIX II-F PROTECTED ABOVEGROUND TANKS FOR MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS OUTSIDE BUILDINGS (See UFC Sections 5202.3.1 and 5202.4.1) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 3.8 Overfill prevention,spill containment,vents,vapor recov- ery,dispensers,and other equipment and accessories; Storage and dispensing of motor fuels into the fuel tanks of motor 3.9 Seismic design in accordance with the Building Code; vehicles from protected aboveground tanks located outside build- 3.10 Secondary containment; ings shall be in accordance with Appendix II-F. 3.11 Venting; 3.12 Piping; SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS 3.13 Electrical systems; For the purpose of Appendix II-F,certain terms are defined as fol- 3.14 Emergency controls;and lows: 3.15 Other information as required by the chief. FUEL-DELIVERY SYSTEM is a system which consists of a tank vehicle containing a pump,fill hose with appropriate connec- SECTION 4—TANK DESIGN tions, and a person who performs the tank filling operation of 4.1 General. Protected aboveground tanks shall be listed and transferring fuel from the tank vehicle to an aboveground tank. shall meet the requirements specified in UFC Standard 79-7 and The two types of fuel-delivery systems for aboveground tanks are shall be labeled accordingly. as follows: 2.1 PRECONNECTED FLEXIBLE HOSE SYSTEM is a 4.2 Primary Tanks. Primary tanks shall be designed in accord- fuel-delivery system containing a reel-mounted precon- ance with Section 7902.1.8.2.1. nected flexible hose having a maximum nominal diameter 4.3 Size. Primary tanks shall not exceed a 12,000-gallon(45 425 ' of 2 inches(50.8 mm)and a manually controlled fuel-deliv- L)individual or 48,000-gallon(181 700 L)aggregate capacity. ery nozzle at the downstream end of the hose. 4.4 Vents. 2.2 RIGID HOSE SYSTEM is a fuel-delivery system utiliz- ing one or more sections of large diameter rigid hose[usual- 4.4.1 Normal and emergency venting. Venting for normal and ly 3 to 4 inches(76.2 to 101.6 mm)in nominal diameter] emergency venting for aboveground tanks shall be installed in which does not contain a nozzle but which contains inter- accordance with Sections 7902.1.11 and 7902.2.6. locking connections for manually connecting the hose from 4.4.2 Capacity. The vent capacity reduction factor as provided the tank vehicle to the tank. for in Section 7902.2.6.3.4 shall not be allowed. PRIMARY TANK is a listed atmospheric tank used to store 4.4.3 Flame arresters. Approved flame arresters shall be in- liquid. See definition of PRIMARY CONTAINMENT in Sec- stalled in normal vents. tion 217. PROTECTED ABOVEGROUND TANK is a listed tank sys- 4.5 Projectile Protection. When a projectile test is required by tem consisting of a primary tank provided with protection from the chief,the protected tank shall be tested in accordance with the physical damage,and fire-resistive protection from a high-inten- requirements for bullet resistance as specified in Section sity liquid pool fire exposure.The tank system is allowed to pro- 7702.3.4.3. vide these protection elements as a unit or is allowed to be an assembly of components,or a combination thereof. SECTION 5—INSTALLATION OF TANKS The installation of protected aboveground tanks shall be in ac- SECTION 3—PERMITS AND PLANS cordance with the following: A permit is required to install,operate,repair or modify protected 5.1 Separation Distances. aboveground tanks used for storage and dispensing of flammable 5.1.1 Individual tanks. A protected aboveground tank shall be or combustible liquid motor fuels. separated from property lines, important buildings,public ways The installation plans shall be submitted with permit applica- and other tanks in accordance with Table A-II-F-1. tions. The plans shall include the design, details, and specifica- tions of the following: 5.1.2 Aggregate capacity. Protected aboveground tank installa- tions having the maximum allowable aggregate capacity shall be 3.1 Quantities and types of liquids to be stored; separated from other installations of protected aboveground tanks 3.2 Distances from tanks and dispensers to property lines and by not less than 100 feet(30 480 mm). buildings; 5.2 Secondary Containment. Protected aboveground tanks 3.3 Vehicle access; shall be provided with drainage control or diking in accordance with Sections 7901.8 and 7902.2.8 or with secondary containment 3.4 Fire appliances; that is a component of the listed protected aboveground tank.The 3.5 Vehicle impact protection; method of monitoring and the capacity of the secondary contain- I 3.6 Protected aboveground tanks and their supports; ment shall be in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.3. Enclosed secondary containment shall be provided with emergency 3.7 Method of storage and dispensing; venting. 1-291 APPENDIX II-F 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5.3 Vehicle Impact Protection. Where subject to vehicular im- 5.6 Spill Containers. A spill container having a capacity of not pact,protected aboveground tanks shall be provided with impact less than 5 gallons(18.9 L)shall be provided for each fill connec- protection in accordance with Section 5.3.Protected aboveground tion.For tanks with a top fill connection,spill containers shall be tanks with piping connected to remote dispensers shall be pro- noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and equipped with a tected by guard posts or other approved barriers.Protected above- manual drain valve which drains into the primary tank.For tanks ground tanks without piping connected to remote dispensers shall with a remote fill connection,a portable spill container shall be comply with the impact protection requirements of Section provided. 79.702.7.2 of UFC Standard 79-7 or shall be protected by guard posts or other approved barriers.When guard posts or other ap- 5.7 Signs. Warning signs and identification signs shall be in- proved barriers are provided,they shall be independent of each stalled to clearly identify hazards.The design of such signs shall protected aboveground tank. be in accordance with Sections 5201.8 and 7901.9.Conspicuous signs prohibiting simultaneous tank filling and fuel dispensing Where subject to vehicular impact, piping and electrical con- shall be posted. duit connected to protected aboveground tanks shall be provided with impact protection. SECTION 6—INSTALLATION OF DISPENSING AND Impact protection provided by guard posts shall be in accord- PIPING SYSTEMS ance with Section 8001.11.3. 6.1 General. Dispensing and piping systems and electrical 5.4 Overfill Prevention. Protected aboveground tanks shall not controls shall be installed in accordance with Section 7901.11 be filled in excess of 90 percent of their capacity.An overfill pre- and Article 52,except as provided in Appendix Sections 6.2,6.3 vention system shall be provided for each tank.During tank filling and 6.4. operation,the system shall: 1.Provide an independent means of notifying the person filling 6.2 Tank Openings. Tank openings in protected aboveground the tank that the fluid level has reached 85 percent of tank capacity tanks shall be through the top only. by providing an audible or visual alarm signal,providing a tank 6.3 Dispensing Devices. Dispensing devices are allowed to be level gage marked at 85 percent of tank capacity, or other ap- installed on top of or immediately adjacent to protected above- proved means,and ground tanks. 2.Automatically shut off the flow of fuel to the tank when the 6.4 Antisiphon Devices. Approved antisiphon devices shall be quantity of liquid in the tank reaches 90 percent of tank capacity. installed in each external pipe connected to the tank when the pipe For rigid hose fuel-delivery systems,an approved means shall be extends below the level of the top of the tank. provided to empty the fill hose into the tank after the automatic shutoff device is activated. A permanent sign shall be provided at the fill point for the tank SECTION 7—PARKING OF TANK VEHICLES documenting the filling procedure and the tank calibration chart. Tank vehicles shall not be parked within 25 feet(7620 mm)of a The filling procedure shall require the person filling the tank to de- protected aboveground tank. termine the gallonage required to fill it to 90 percent of capacity EXCEPTION:When the tank is being filled from the tank vehicle. before commencing the fill operation. 5.5 Fill Pipe Connections. The fill pipe shall be provided with a SECTION 8—MAINTENANCE means for making a direct connection to the tank vehicle's fuel- Protected aboveground tanks,and piping and dispensing systems delivery hose so that the delivery of fuel is not exposed to the open air during the filling operation.When any portion of the fill pipe shall be maintained in a safe operating condition. Protected exterior to the tank extends below the level of the top of the tank,a aboveground tanks and components dispensing systems shall check valve shall be installed in the fill pipe not more than 12 in- chestheir (304.8 mm) from the fill hose connection. See Section Damage to protected aboveground tanks shall be repaired using 7901.11.4 for tank valves. materials having equal or greater strength and fire resistance. TABLE A-II-F-I—MINIMUM SEPARATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED ABOVEGROUND TANKS MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM PROPERTY MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM THE LINE WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY OR INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A FROM THE NEAREST IMPORTANT INDIVIDUAL TANK CAPACITY PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN TANKS gallons(liters) feet(mm) feet(mm) feet(mm) Less than or equal to 6,000(22 712) 15(4572) 5(1524) 3(914) ' Greater than 6,000(22 712) 25(15 240) 15(4572) 3(914) 1-292 17.56.220 Adopt UFC Appendix H-F Amended--Aboveground Tanks Adopt Appendix II-F amended - Section 4.3 Tank Design - Size: Primary tanks shall not exceed a 2,200 gallons maximum tank, the aggregate gallonage per site shall be limited to 2,200 gallons. Quantities greater than 2,200 gallons aggregate shall be approved by the fire chief. Table A-H-F-1 -Minimum Separation Requirements For Protected Aboveground Tanks Amended NE NEVIUM DISTANCE FROM MINIMUM THE NEAREST SIDE DISTANCE FROM OF ANY PUBLIC PROPERTY LINE WAY OR FROM THE WHICH CAN BE NEAREST BUILT UPON, IMPORTANT INCLUDING THE BUILDING ON THE MINIMUM INDIVIDUAL TANK OPPOSITE SIDE OF A SAME PROPERTY DISTANCE CAPACITY PUBLIC WAY Feet Feet (mm) BETWEEN TANKS Gallons (liters) (mm) Feet (mm) Less than 2,200 requal to 15 (4572) 15 (4572) 3 (914) 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-G APPENDIX II-G SECONDARY CONTAINMENT FOR UNDERGROUND TANK SYSTEMS CONTAINING FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS (See UFC Section 7902.6.11) SECTION 1 —SCOPE an immediate hazard to persons or property for the purpose of ap- Secondary containment shall be provided for underground tank plying Section 7902.6.11. systems containing flammable and combustible liquids when re- 1. Tank systems that are located totally or partially under build- quired by the chief in accordance with Section 7902.6.11.Specific ings as allowed in Section 7902.6.3. circumstances warranting secondary containment shall include, 2. Tank systems that are located closer than 5 feet(1524 mm) but not be limited to,those specified in Appendix II-G. from a building without subgrade areas or the property line of a See C.F.R.Title 40,Part 280,and UFC Section 8001.4.5.1 for property that can be built upon. additional requirements related to secondary containment for 3. Tank systems that are located closer than 10 feet(3048 mm) tanks containing hazardous materials other than flammable and from any subgrade structure, including basements, crawlspaces, combustible liquids. utility vaults, trainways, subways or other confined spaces in which vapors could accumulate should a leak occur. SECTION 2—CIRCUMSTANCES WARRANTING 4. Tank systems located within or below the water table and SECONDARY CONTAINMENT within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of a known active well. 5. Tank systems located within or below the water table and Sites selected for the installation of underground storage tank sys- within 50 feet(15 240 mm)up-gradient of a location where the tems shall be carefully evaluated for the potential fire or explosion table intercepts the surface. hazards that would be present if a release of product occurred. Such analysis shall include the tank's size, location, product stored and potential receptors that could be impacted. SECTION 3—APPROVED METHODS OF Secondary containment shall be provided for tank systems in SECONDARY CONTAINMENT the following circumstances. Such circumstances are representa- For methods of secondary containment for tank systems, see tive,but not all inclusive,of cases where a leak would constitute Article 90,Standard u.3.2. 1-293 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-H APPENDIX II-H SITE ASSESSMENTS FOR DETERMINING POTENTIAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION RISKS FROM UNDERGROUND FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TANK LEAKS (See UFC Section 7901.7.4) SECTION 1 —SCOPE propriate after a review of a Level I site assessment.A Level II site Site assessments for determining the potential fire or explosion assessment shall be submitted to the fire department within 60 risk from a leak, spill or discharge from an underground flam- days after being required by the chief. Periodic updates shall be provided when required by the chief during the time a Level II site mable or combustible liquid storage tank shall be in accordance assessment is being conducted. with Appendix II-H. For required site assessments, see Sec- tion 7901.7.4. 2.2.2 Components. A Level II site assessment shall include: Based on information available,the chief is authorized to deter- 1. The type and known or estimated quantity of product leaked, mine what level of site assessment to require after evaluating the extent of the spill,potential receptors,nature of product stored and 2. The geology and hydrology of the leak site and surrounding any other pertinent information. area, 3. Buildings, underground structures, utilities and water SECTION 2—SITE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA sources which could be impacted, 2.1 Level I Site Assessment. 4. A prediction of plume movement,speed and direction, 2.1.1 General. A Level I site assessment shall be provided when 5. The extent and severity of current contamination, a minor leak is indicated through monitoring or other means or when a surface spill occurs.A Level I site assessment shall be sub- 6. Other possible sources of contamination, mitted to the fire department within 10 days after being required 7. Current and potential degree of fire and explosion hazards, by the chief. and 2.1.2 Components. A Level I site assessment shall include: g. Mitigation plans for current and potential fire and explosion 1. The reason that a leak or release occurred or is suspected, hazards. 2. The results of equipment tests or analyses done, 3. The estimated extent of leaks,releases or spills found,and SECTION 3—SITE ASSESSMENT RECORDS 4. Mitigation actions taken. 2.2 Level II Site Assessment. Level I and Level II site assessments submitted to the fire depart- ment shall become the property of the department and shall be 2.2.1 General. A Level II site assessment shall be provided maintained as public records for such a period as deemed neces- when there is evidence of a large leak or spill,or when deemed ap- sary by the department. 1-295 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-1 APPENDIX II-1 OZONE GAS-GENERATING EQUIPMENT SECTION 1 —SCOPE 4.3 Ozone-generator Rooms. Ozone-generator rooms shall be mechanically ventilated with a minimum of six air changes per Equipment having a maximum ozone-generating capacity of hour. Exhausted air shall be directed to a treatment system de- 1/2 pound(0.23 kg)or more over a 24-hour period shall be in ac- signed to reduce the discharge concentration of gas to one half of cordance with Appendix II-I. the IDLH value at the point of discharge to the atmosphere or EXCEPTION:Ozone-generating equipment used in Group R,Di- ozone-generator rooms shall be equipped with a continuous vision 3 Occupancies. gas-detection system which will shut off the generator and sound a local alarm when concentrations above the permissible expo- SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS sure limit occur. Ozone-generator rooms shall not be normally occupied, and For the purpose of Appendix II-1,certain terms are defined as fol- such rooms shall be kept free of combustible and hazardous mate- lows: rial storage. Room access doors shall display an approved sign OZONE GENERATOR is equipment which causes the pro- stating, OZONE GAS GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC—OX- duction of ozone. IDIZER. SECTION 3—STANDARDS SECTION 5—PIPING VALVES AND FITTINGS The following standard is intended for use as a guide in the de- 5.1 General. Piping, valves, fittings and related components sign, fabrication, testing and use of equipment regulated by used to convey ozone shall be in accordance with Section 5. Appendix II-I: 5.2 Secondary Containment. Secondary containment,such as National Electric Manufacturers Association double-walled piping or exhausted enclosures,shall be provided 2101 L Street,N.W. for piping, valves, fittings and related components. Secondary Suite 300 containment shall be capable of directing a sudden release to an Washington, DC 20037 approved treatment system. Standard 250,Enclosures for Electrical Equipment EXCEPTION:Welded stainless steel piping and tubing. 5.3 Materials. Materials shall be compatible with ozone and SECTION 4—LOCATION shall be rated for the design operating pressures. 4.1 General. Ozone generators shall be located in approved 5.4 Identification. Piping shall be identified "Ozone Gas— cabinets or ozone-generator rooms in accordance with Section 4. Highly Toxic—Oxidizer." EXCEPTION: A generator within an approved pressure vessel need not be in a cabinet or ozone-generator room when located outside SECTION 6—AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN of buildings. 4.2 Cabinets. Ozone cabinets shall be constructed of approved Ozone generators shall be designed to automatically shut down under the following conditions: materials compatible with ozone in accordance with nationally recognized standards. Cabinets shall display an approved sign 1. When the dissolved ozone concentration in the water being stating,OZONE GAS GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC—OX- treated is above saturation when measured at the point where the IDIZER. See Section 3. water is exposed to the atmosphere, Cabinets shall be braced for seismic activity in accordance with 2. When the process using generated ozone is shut down, the Building Code. 3. Failure of the ventilation system for the cabinet or ozone- Cabinets shall be mechanically ventilated with a minimum of generator room,or six air changes per hour.Exhausted air shall be directed to a treat- 4. Failure of the gas-detection system. ment system designed to reduce the discharge concentration of the gas to one half of the IDLH value at the point of discharge to the atmosphere. SECTION 7— MANUAL SHUTDOWN The average velocity of ventilation at makeup air openings Manual shutdown controls shall be provided at the generator and, with cabinet doors closed shall not be less than 200 feet per min- if in a room,within 10 feet(3048 mm)of the main exit or exit-ac- ute(1.02 m/s). cess door. 1-297 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-J APPENDIX II-J STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN TANKS LOCATED WITHIN BELOW-GRADE VAULTS SECTION 1 —SCOPE listed for use with flammable and combustible liquids and shall be properly grounded. A single pump is allowed to serve multiple Storage of flammable or combustible liquids in tanks located with vaults. Pumps are not required to be permanently installed. below-grade vaults shall be in accordance with Appendix II-J. This appendix applies only to vaults that are installed completely 5.6 Accessway. Each vault shall be accessible by at least one below grade.The lid of the vault is allowed to be at grade level. approved personnel accessway with a minimum dimension of 30 inches(762 mm)and with a permanently affixed nonferrous SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS ladder. Accessways shall be designed to be nonsparking. Each entry point shall be secured against unauthorized entry. Travel For the purpose of Appendix II-J,"below-grade vault"is defined distance from any point inside a vault to an accessway shall not as follows: exceed 20 feet(6096 mm). BELOW-GRADE VAULT is an enclosure consisting of four 5.7 Electrical Classification. The space within any vault stor- walls,a floor and a lid for the purpose of containing a flammable ing Class I or II liquids in a tank shall be classified in accordance or combustible liquid storage tank and not intended to be occu- with the Electrical Code. pied other than for inspection,repair or maintenance of the vault, the storage tank or related equipment. SECTION 6—VENTILATION SECTION 3—GENERAL 6.1 Class I Liquids. Vaults containing tanks storing Class I liq- uids shall have a ventilation system installed in accordance with 3.1 Permits. Permits are required to install and operate a below- Section 8003.1.The ventilation system shall operate continuous- grade vault.See Section 105. ly and shall be designed to operate upon activation of the vapor-or liquid-detection system or shall provide ventilation at a rate of 3.2 Vaults. Vaults shall not contain storage other than the liquid 1 cfm per square foot(5.1 L/s per m2),but in no case less than 150 in the vaulted tank. cfm(765 L/s per m2).A means of manually controlling the ven- tilation system shall be installed at an approved location. SECTION 4—LOCATION 6.2 Class II and Class III-A Liquids. Vaults containing tanks storing Class II and Class III-A liquids shall be provided with an Vaults shall be located in accordance with Section 7902.6.3 for approved means to ventilate the interior and to remove vapors. underground tanks.Vaults shall not be located beneath buildings. . 6.3 Arrangement. Ventilation equipment shall not restrict the EXCEPTION: Vaults may be located under weather shelters constructed in accordance with Section 8003.1.14,and under canopies personnel accessway. constructed in accordance with the Building Code. SECTION 7—TANKS AND PIPING SECTION 5—VAULT CONSTRUCTION 7.1 General. Tanks shall be listed for aboveground use.Tanks 5.1 General. Vaults shall be designed by and bear the stamp of a and piping shall be designed and installed in accordance with Ar- professional engineer.Vaults shall be constructed in accordance ticle 79 and Section 7. with the Building Code.Consideration shall be given to soil and 7.2 Clearance. Clearance around tanks shall be adequate to al- hydrostatic loading on the floors,walls and lid;anticipated seis- mic forces,uplifting by groundwater or flooding,and to loads im- posed from above such as traffic and equipment loading on the 7.3 Capacity. The maximum capacity of an individual tank vault lid.Adjacent vaults may share a common wall. The com- storing Class I liquids shall be 12,000 gallons(45 420 L). mon wall shall be liquid and vapor tight and shall be designed to withstand the load imposed when the vault on either side of the 7.4 Emergency Vents. Vapor-tight pressure-vacuum-style wall is filled with water. emergency vents shall be provided and shall discharge inside the vault. 5.2 Materials. Vaults shall be constructed of noncombustible EXCEPTION:Emergency vents are allowed to discharge to the ex- materials. terior of the vault when the tank served by the vent is designed to with- EXCEPTION:Joint seals and waterproofing materials. stand the pressure created if the emergency vent pipe fills with liquid. Vault materials shall be compatible with liquids stored in tanks. 7.5 Normal Vents. Normal tank vent piping shall terminate 5.3 Enclosure. Vaults shall form a complete enclosure. The 12 feet(3658 mm)above grade. walls,floors and lid shall be liquid tight.There shall be no backfill 7.6 Anchors. Tanks shall be suitably anchored to withstand around the tank or within the vault.The floor shall drain to a sump. uplifting due to flooding. 5.4 Arrangement. Each vault shall contain only one tank. 7.7 Piping, Valves and Fittings. Piping, valves and fittings Compartmentalized tanks are allowed and shall be considered as shall be in accordance with Section 7901.11. a single tank. 7.8 Overfill Protection. Overfill protection shall be provided in 5.5 Liquid Removal. Vaults shall be provided with an approved accordance with Section 7902.6.5.The use of a float vent valve means for the removal of liquid.When provided,pumps shall be shall be prohibited. 1-299 APPENDIX II-J 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE SECTION 8—MONITORING AND DETECTION SECTION 10— FIRE SUPPRESSION AND 8.1 General. Storage vaults shall be provided with approved WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEM vapor- and liquid-detection systems and equipped with on-site 10.1 General. Fire-suppression equipment and water supply audible and visual warning devices with battery backup. Vapor- shall be in accordance with Articles 9 and 10 and Section 10. detection systems shall sound an alarm when the system detects vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit EXCEPTION:When an adequate public water supply is not avail- of the liquid stored. Vapor detectors shall be located no higher able,an approved fire-protection plan shall be provided.The plan shall than 12 inches(304.8 mm)above the lowest point in the vault. consider the conditions on the site;water supply, including hydrant location and fire flow;size of the largest vault and tank to be protected; Liquid-detection systems shall sound an alarm upon detection the liquid stored;exposure hazards,response time and capabilities of of any liquid,including water.Liquid detectors shall be located in the local fire department;and other conditions that are present or that accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. may be required by the chief. 8.2 Alarm Signal. Activation of either vapor-or liquid-detec- 10.2 Fire Protection. Each vault shall be provided with an ap- tion systems shall cause a signal to be sounded at an approved, proved automatic or manual means of applying a fire-suppression constantly attended location within the facility serving the tanks agent to the interior of the vault. or at an approved location.Activation of vapor detection systems shall also shutoff dispenser pumps. 8.3 Maintenance and Testing. Vapor-and liquid-detection sys- SECTION 11 —SIGNS tems shall be maintained and tested in accordance with Article 10. Signs shall be in accordance with Section 7901.9. In addition, each vault installation storing Class I,II or III-A liquids shall have SECTION 9— DISPENSING SYSTEMS a label or placard above grade identifying the material stored in Dispensing systems shall be in accordance with Articles 52 and each vault in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3. 79. Dispensing devices are allowed to be installed on tops of At each accessway into a vault,signs shall be posted indicating vaults. the need for procedures for safe entry into confined spaces. 1-300 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-A Division III FIRE PROTECTION APPENDIX III-A FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS (See UFC Section 903.3) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 4.2 Area Separation. Portions of buildings which are separated by one or more four-hour area separation walls constructed in ac- The procedure determining fire flow requirements for buildings cordance with the Building Code,without openings and provided or portions of buildings hereafter constructed shall be in accord- with a 30-inch(762 mm)parapet,are allowed to be considered as ance with Appendix III-A.Appendix III-A does not apply to struc- separate fire areas. tures other than buildings. 4.3 Type I and Type II-F.R. Construction. The fire area of SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS buildings constructed of Type I and Type II-F.R.construction shall be the area of the three largest successive floors. For the purpose of Appendix III-A,certain terms are defined as follows: FIRE AREA is the floor area,in square feet,used to determine SECTION 5—FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR the required fire flow. BUILDINGS FIRE FLOW is the flow rate of a water supply,measured at 20 psi(137.9 kPa)residual pressure,that is available for firefighting. 5.1 One-and Two-Family Dwellings. The minimum fire flow and flow duration requirements for one-and two-family dwellings SECTION 3—MODIFICATIONS having a fire area which does not exceed 3,600 square feet(344.5 ml)shall be 1,000 gallons per minute(3785.4 L/min.).Fire flow 3.1 Decreases. Fire-flow requirements may be modified down- and flow duration for dwellings having a fire area in excess of ward by the chief for isolated buildings or a group of buildings in 3,600 square feet(344.5 m2)shall not be less than that specified in rural areas or small communities where the development of full Table A-III-A-1. fire-flow requirements is impractical. EXCEPTION: A reduction in required fire flow of 50 percent,as 3.2 Increases. Fire flow may be modified upward by the chief approved,is allowed when the building is provided with an approved where conditions indicate an unusual susceptibility to group fires automatic sprinkler system. or conflagrations.An upward modification shall not be more than 5.2 Buildings other than One- and Two-Family Dwell- twice that required for the building under consideration. ings. The minimum fire flow and flow duration for buildings oth- er than one- and two-family dwellings shall be as specified in SECTION 4—FIRE AREA Table A-III-A-1. EXCEPTION: A reduction in required fire flow of up to 75 per- 4.1 General. The fire area shall be the total floor area of all floor cent,as approved,is allowed when the building is provided with an ap- levels within the exterior walls, and under the horizontal projec- proved automatic sprinkler system.The resulting fire flow shall not be tions of the roof of a building,except as modified in Section 4. less than 1,500 gallons per minute(5677.5 L/min.). 1-301 APPENDIX III-A 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A-111-A-1-MINIMUM REQUIRED FIRE FLOW AND FLOW DURATION FOR BUILDINGS FIRE AREA(square feet) FIRE FLOW x 0.0929 for m2 (gallons for m mule) FLOW Type I-F.R. Type II One-HR. Tyype IV-H.T. Type II-N x 3.785 for DURATION II-F.R. III One-HR.1 V-One-HR.t III-NI Type V-N1 L/min. (hours) 0-22,700 0-12,700 0-8,200 0-5,900 0-3,600 1,500 22,701-30,200 12,701-17.000 8,201-10,900 5,901-7,900 3,601-4,800 1,750 30,201-38,700 17,001-21,800 10,901-12,900 7,901-9,800 4,801-6,200 2,000 38,701-48,300 21,801-24,200 12,901-17,400 9,801-12,600 6,201-7,700 2,250 2 48,301-59,000 24,201-33,200 17,401-21,300 12,601-15,400 7,701-9,400 2,500 59,001-70,900 33,201-39,700 21,301-25,500 15,401-18,400 9,401-11,300 2,750 70,901-83,700 39,701-47,100 25,501-30,100 18,401-21,800 11,301-13,400 3,000 83,701-97,700 47,101-54,900 30,101-35,200 21,801-25,900 13,401-15,600 3,250 97,701-112,700 54,901-63,400 35,201-40,600 25,901-29,300 15,601-18,000 3,500 3 112,701-128,700 63,401-72,400 40,601-46,400 29,301-33,500 18,001-20,600 3,750 128,701-145,900 72,401-82,100 46,401-52,500 33,501-37,900 20,601-23,300 4,000 145,901-164,200 82,101-92,400 52,501-59,100 37,901-42,700 23,301-26,300 4,250 164,201-183,400 92,401-103,100 59,101-66,000 42,701-47,700 26,301-29,300 4,500 183,401-203,700 103,101-114,600 66,001-73,300 47,701-53,000 29,301-32,600 4,750 203,701-225,200 114,601-126,700 73,301-81,100 53,001-58,600 32,601-36,000 5,000 225,201-247,700 126,701-139,400 81,101-89,200 58,601-65,400 36,001-39,600 5,250 247,701-271,200 139,401-152,600 89,201-97,700 65,401-70,600 39,601-43,400 5,500 271,201-295,900 152,601-166,500 97,701-106,500 70,601-77,000 43,401-47,400 5,750 295,901-Greater 166,501-Greater 106,501-115,800 77,001-83,700 47,401-51,500 6,000 4 115,801-125,500 83,701-90,600 51,501-55,700 6,250 125,501-135,500 90,601-97,900 55,701-60,200 6,500 135,501-145,800 97,901-106,800 60,201-64,800 6,750 145,801-156,700 106,801-113,200 64,801-69,600 7,000 156,701-167,900 113,201-121,300 69,601-74,600 7,250 167,901-179,400 121,301-129,600 74,601-79,800 7,500 179,401-191,400 129,601-138,300 79,801-85,100 7,750 191,401-Greater 138,301-Greater 85,101-Greater 8,000 (Types of construction are based upon the Building Code. 2Measured at 20 psi(137.9 kPa).See Appendix III-A,Section 2. 1-302 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-AA Division III FIRE PROTECTION [FOR SFM]STATE APPENDIX 111-AA A L FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS (See U.F.C. Section 903.3) SECTION 1 —SCOPE SECTION 4—FIRE AREA L A [For SFMJ The procedures determining fire flow requirements 4.1 General. The fire area shall be the total floor area of all floor L A for any school buildings or portions of buildings hereafter levels within the exterior walls;and under the horizontal projec- t C constructed for which review and approval is required under Sub- L A tions of the roof of a building,except as modified in Section 4. L A division (a)of Section 39140 of the Education Code shall be in L A accordance with this appendix as amended by the state fire mar- 4.2 Area Separation. Portions of buildings which are separated L A shal. This appendix does not apply to structures other than build- by one or more four-hour area separation walls constructed in ac- L C ings. cordance with the Building Code,without openings and provided with a 30-inch(762 mm)parapet,are allowed to be considered as SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS separate fire areas. For the purpose of Appendix III-A, certain terms are defined as 4.3 Type I and Type II-F.R. Construction. The fire area of follows: buildings constructed of Type I and Type Il-F.R.construction shall FIRE AREA is the floor area,in square feet,used to determine be the area of the three largest successive floors. the required fire flow. FIRE FLOW is the flow rate of a water supply,measured at 20 psi(137.9 kPa)residual pressure,that is available for firefighting. SECTION 5—FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS SECTION 3—MODIFICATIONS C L (For SFMJ The minimum fire flow and flow duration for school A L L A (For SFM] An alternative method of providing water for fire buildings shall be as specified in Table A-111-AA-1. c L L A protection or any other alternative in lieu of providing the water EXCEPTION.A reduction in required fireJlow oj'up to 75 percent C L L A may be enforced when deemed appropriate by the fire chief and is allowed when the building is provided with an approved automatic C L L C the state fire marshal. sprinkler system. A L 1-302.1 APPENDIX III-AA 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE C A TABLE A-III-AA-I-MINIMUM REQUIRED FIRE FLOW AND FLOW DURATION FOR BUILDINGS FIRE AREA(square feet) FIRE FLOW (gallons for yp x 0.0929 for mz p mmutep2 FLOW T InIRF.R. T IIIeOn0na-NR. T e IVNR�. T e II-M Type�'N� x .78nfor DURATION I- V- (hours) 0-22,700 0-12,700 0-8,200 0-5,900 0-3,600 1,500 22,701-30,200 12,701-17,000 8,201-10.900 5,901-7,900 3,601-4,800 1,750 30,201-38,700 17,001-21,800 10,901-12,900 7,901-9,800 4,801-6,200 2,000 38,701-48,300 21,801-24,200 12,901-17,400 9,801-12,600 6,201-7,700 2,250 2 48,301-59,000 24,201-33,200 17,401-21,300 12,601-15,400 7,701-9,400 2,500 59,001-70,900 33,201-39,700 21,301-25,500 15,401-18,400 9,401-11,300 2,750 70,901-83,700 39,701-47,100 25,501-30,100 18,401-21,800 11,301-13,400 3,000 83,701-97,700 47,101-54,900 30,101-35,200 21,801-25,900 13,401-15,600 3,250 97,701-112,700 54,901-63,400 35,201-40,600 25,901-29,300 15,601-18,000 3,500 3 112,701-128,700 63,401-72,400 40,601-46,400 29,301-33,500 18,001-20,600 3,750 128,701-145,900 72,401-82,100 46,401-52,500 33,501-37,900 20,601-23,300 4,000 145,901-164,200 82,101-92,400 52,501-59,100 37,901-42,700 23,301-26,300 4,250 164,201-183,400 92,401-103,100 59,101-66,000 42,701-47,700 26,301-29,300 4,500 183,401-203,700 103,101-114,600 66,001-73,300 47,701-53,000 29,301-32,600 4,750 203,701-225,200 114,601-126,700 73,301-81,100 53,001-58,600 32,601-36,000 5,000 225,201-247,700 126,701-139,400 81,101-89,200 58,601-65,400 36,001-39,600 5,250 247,701-271,200 139,401-152,600 89,201-97,700 65,401-70,600 39,601-43,400 5,500 271,201-295,900 152,601-166,500 97,701-106,500 70,601-77,000 43,401-47,400 5,750 295,901-Greater 166,501-Greater 106,501-115,800 77,001-83,700 47,401-51,500 6,000 4 115,801-125,500 83,701-90,600 51,501-55,700 6,250 125,501-135,500 90,601-97,900 55,701-60,200 6,500 135,501-145,800 97,901-106,800 60,201-64,800 6,750 145,801-156,700 106,801-113,200 64,801-69,600 7,000 156,701-167,900 113,201-121,300 69,601-74,600 7,250 167,901-179,400 121,301-129,600 74,601-79,800 7,500 179,401-191,400 129,601-138,300 79,801-85,100 7,750 " 191,401-Greater 128,301-Greater 85,101-Greater 8,000 'Types of construction are based upon the Building Code. 2Measured at 20 psi(137.9 kPa).See Appendix III-A,Section 2. 1-302.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-B APPENDIX III-B FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION (See UFC Section 903.4.2) SECTION 1 —SCOPE SECTION 4—CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FIRE Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with Appendix HYDRANTS III-B for the protection of buildings,or portions of buildings,here- Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be consid- after constructed. ered as available. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties shall not be considered available unless fire apparatus access SECTION 2—LOCATION roads extend between properties and easements are established to prevent obstruction of such roads. Fire hydrants shall be provided along required fire apparatus ac- cess roads and adjacent public streets. SECTION 5—DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS SECTION 3—NUMBER OF FIRE HYDRANTS The average spacing between fire hydrants shall not exceed that listed in Table A-III-B-1. The minimum number of fire hydrants available to a building shall EXCEPTION: The chief may accept a deficiency of up to 10 per- not be less than that listed in Table A-III-B-1.The number of fire cent where existing fire hydrants provide all or a portion of the required hydrants available to a complex or subdivision shall not be less fire hydrant service. than that determined by spacing requirements listed in Table Regardless of the average spacing,fire hydrants shall be located A-III-B-1 when applied to fire apparatus access roads and perime- such that all points on streets and access roads adjacent to a build- ter public streets from which fire operations could be conducted. ing are within the distances listed in Table A-III-B-1. TABLE A-III-B-I—NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM AVERAGE SPACING BETWEEN ANY POINT ON STREET OR ROAD FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENT(gpm) HYDRANTS1,2,3(feet) FRONTAGE TO A HYDRANT4 x 3.785 for L/min. MINIMUM NO.OF HYDRANTS x 304.8 for mm 1,750 or less 1 500 250 2,000-2,250 2 450 225 2,500 3 450 225 3,000 3 400 225 3,500-4,000 4 350 210 4,500-5,000 5 300 180 5,500 6 300 180 6,000 6 250 150 6,500-7,000 7 250 150 7,500 or more 8 or mores 200 120 tReduce by 100 feet(30 480 mm)for dead-end streets or roads. ZWhere streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by firefighters pulling hose lines,or arterial streets are provided with four or more traffic lanes and have a traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day,hydrant spacing shall average 500 feet(152.4 m)on each side of the street and be arranged on an alternating basis up to a fire-flow requirement of 7,000 gallons per minute(26 495 L/min.)and 400 feet(122 m)for higher fire-flow requirements. 3Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for protection of structures or similar fire problems,fire hydrants shall be pro- vided at spacing not to exceed 1,000 feet(305 m)to provide for transportation hazards. 4Reduce by 50 feet(15 240 mm)for dead-end streets or roads. 50ne hydrant for each 1,000 gallons per minute(3785 L/min.)or fraction thereof. 1-303 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-BB [FOR SFM]STATE APPENDIX III-BB A L FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION (See U.F.C.Section 903.4.2) SECTION 1 —SCOPE Regardless of the average spacing, fire hydrants shall be A L L C (For SFM] Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with located such that all points on streets and access roads adjacent to C L L A buildings are within distances listed in Table A-III-BB-1. C L L C this appendix for the protection of any school buildings, or por- A L L C tions thereof hereafter constructed for which review and approval 3.2 When public or private water mains are not available to sup- C L L C are required under Subdivision(a)of Section 39140 of the Educa- ply fire flow(not within 1,000 feet(304 800 mm)of the proposed C L L C tion Code. building], the following alternatives shall be used: C L 1. Building(s)shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler sys- A L SECTION 2—LOCATION tem. c L A L Fire hydrants shall be provided along required fire apparatus ac- EXCEPTION:Portable(relocatable)buildings,as defined in Cali- A L cess roads and adjacent public streets. forma Education Code Section 17742.5(e),which requires that porta- CA L ble buildings be designed and constructed to be relocatable over public C L streets,shall be designed and constructed,lbr relocation without the C L SECTION 3—NUMBER OF FIRE HYDRANTS separation of the roof or.loor from the building,and when measured A L at the most exterior walls,shall have a floor area not in excess of 2,000 A L The minimum number of fire hydrants available to a building shall square feet(186 m2).Such portable buildings shall be separated from A L L A not be less than that listed in (for SFM] Table A-111-BB-1. The other structures in groupings not to exceed 9,100 square feet(845 m2) C L number of fire hydrants available to a complex or subdivision in building area(pursuant to Table 5-B,California Building Code,for C L shall not be less than that determined by spacing requirements Type V-N buildings).Further area increases shall be as approved by C L L C listed in or SFM Table A-III BB-1 when applied to fire a ara- the local fire authority having jurisdiction and the state fire marshal. A L L A [for 1 PP PP C L tus access roads and perimeter public streets from which fire oper- The water for sprinklers may be supplied by the domestic Sys- C L ations could be conducted. tem,a pressure tank, a gravity tank or other means in accordance C L with NFPA 13. Water tanks shall be installed in accordance with C L NFPA 22. (See the California Building Code, Chapter 9.) A L SECTION 4—CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FIRE C L HYDRANTS 2. When the adequate fire flow is not available and the water for C L sprinklers is provided from a source other than a public water sup- C L -Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be consid- ply, the amount of water to supply the system shall be calculated C L ered as available. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties using the area/density method or the room design method as delin- C L shall not be considered available unless fire apparatus access eated in NFPA 13. The calculated duration of water flow to sprin- C L roads extend between properties and easements are established to klers shall not be less than 15 minutes to 10 heads. A L prevcnt obstruction of such roads. A L 3. The sprinkler system shall have a water flow alarm moni- C L tored by an approved central,proprietary or remote station serv- C L SECTION 5—DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS ice or a local alarm which will give audible and visual signals ai a C L L A [For SFM]3.1 The average spacing between fire hydrants shall constantly attended location. A L L C not exceed that listed in Table A411-BB-1. 4. When this alternative is utilized and the calculated water C L A L L A duration to sprinkler is less than NFPA 13 recommendations, the C L EXCEPTION:A deficiency of up to 10 percent shall not be allowed h A L L CA when existing fire hydrants provide all or a portion of the required fire area increases and fire-resistive substitutions allowed in Chapter A L L c hydrant service. 5 of the California Building Code shall not be permitted. C L 1-304.1 APPEND/Xlll-BB 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE C A TABLE A411-BB-I—NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM AVERAGE SPACING BETWEEN ANY POINT ON STREET OR ROAD FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENT(gpm) HYDRANTS1-2•3(feet) FRONTAGE TO A HYDRANT4 x 3.785 for L/min. MINIMUM NO.OF HYDRANTS x 304.8 for mm 1,750 or less 1 500 250 2,000-2,250 2 450 225 2,500 3 450 225 3,000 3 400 225 3,500-4,000 4 350 210 4,500-5,000 5 300 180 5,500 6 300 180 6,000 6 250 150 6,500-7,000 7 250 150 7,500 or more 8 or mores 200 120 I Reduce by 100 feet(30 480 mm)for dead-end streets or roads. '-Where streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by firefighters pulling hose lines,or arterial streets are provided with four or more traffic lanes and have a traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day,hydrant spacing shall average 500 feet(152.4 m)on each side of the street and be arranged on an alternating basis up to a fire-flow requirement of 7,000 gallons per minute(26 495 L/min.)and 400 feet(122 m)for higher fire-flow requirements. 3Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for protection of structures or similar fire problems,fire hydrants shall be pro- vided at spacing not to exceed 1,000 feet(305 m)to provide for transportation hazards. `[Reduce by 50 feet(15 240 mm)for dead-end streets or roads. 50ne hydrant for each 1,000 gallons per minute(3785 L/min.)or fraction thereof. 1-304.2 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-C APPENDIX III-C INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF I WATER-BASED FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS SECTION 1 —GENERAL Inspection, testing and maintenance of water-based fire-protec- tion systems shall be in accordance with UFC Appendix Stand- ard A-III-C-1. 1-305 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-D APPENDIX III-D BASEMENT PIPE INLETS (See UFC Section 1005) SECTION 1 —SCOPE The location of basement pipe inlets shall be as required by the fire department. Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in accordance with Appen- dix III-D. SECTION 3—SPECIFICATIONS Basement pipe inlets shall be of cast iron, steel, brass or bronze with lids of cast brass or bronze. SECTION 2—LOCATION A basement pipe inlet shall consist of a sleeve of not less than 8-inch(203 mm)inside diameter extending through the floor and Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of stores, terminating flush with or through the basement ceiling and shall warehouses and factories having basements. have a top flange recessed with an inside shoulder to receive the lid.The top flange shall be installed flush with finished floor sur- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Basements equipped with an automatic fire- face.The lid shall be a solid casting and have a lift recessed in the extinguishing system. top. This lid shall be provided with a cast-in sign reading FIRE 2.Basements used for the storage of permanent archives or valu- DEPARTMENT ONLY—DO NOT COVER.The lid shall be in- ables such as safe deposit vaults or similar uses adversely affected by stalled in a manner which allows its easy removal from the flange water. shoulder. 1-307 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX IV-A Division IV SPECIAL COMBUSTION HAZARDS APPENDIX IV A INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH (See UFC Section 1101.1) SECTION 1 —SCOPE agency in accordance with procedures specified within nationally recognized standards.NFPA Standard 253 is an example of such Exposed floor surfaces of buildings, including coverings which standards. are applied over a previously finished floor,shall be in accordance with Appendix IV-A. 3.2 Classification. EXCEPTION: Interior floor finish materials of a traditional type, such as wood,vinyl,linoleum,terrazzo and other resilient floor-cover- 3.2.1 General. Interior floor finish materials shall be classified ing materials. in accordance with the following: 1. Class 1 interior floor finish. Materials having a minimum SECTION 2—GENERAL critical radiant flux of 0.45 watt per square centimeter. Interior floor finish materials determined by the chief to represent 2. Class 2 interior floor finish. Materials having a minimum an unusual hazard shall meet the classification prescribed for the critical radiant flux of 0.22 watt per square centimeter. occupancy groups listed in Table A-IV-A-1 when tested in accord- ance with Section 3. 3.3 Test Report Availability. A copy of the test report identify- EXCEPTION: When an approved automatic sprinkler system is ing and representing the style to be installed shall be provided to installed,Class 2 materials are allowed to be used in areas where Class the chief upon request. The test report shall identify the interior 1 materials are required and the materials need not be classified in areas floor finish by manufacturer or supplier and the style name.The where Class 2 materials are required. test report shall be representative of the current construction of the material to be installed. SECTION 3—TESTING AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS 3.4 Identification. The interior floor finish material shall be identified by a hang tag or other suitable method as to manufactur- 3.1 Testing. Critical radiant flux values of interior floor finishes er or supplier,and style,and shall indicate the classification of the shall be established by tests conducted by an approved testing material based upon the limits specified within Section 2. TABLE A-IV-A-I—INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH REQUIREMENTS Cuss OCCUPANCY Required Exits and Passageways' Corridors Providing Exit Access Group A 2 2 Group B 2 2 Group E 2 2 Group F 2 2 Group Iz 1 1 Group M 2 2 Group R,Division 1 2 2 Group S 2 1 2 tCombustible floor finish shall not be used on stairs in Types I and II construction,or other types of construction for buildings exceeding three stories in height. ZCombustible floor finish shall not be used in rooms occupied by inmates or patients whose personal liberties are restrained. 1-309 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX IV-B APPENDIX IV-B CHRISTMAS TREES (See UFC Section 1101.1) SECTION 1 —SCOPE SECTION 6—BUTT CUT The use of natural or resin-bearing cut trees in public buildings Prior to setting up a tree,the trunk shall have a fresh butt cut on a shall be in accordance with Appendix IV-B. diagonal at least 1 inch(25.4 mm)above the original cut. SECTION 2—PERMITS SECTION 7—WATERING A permit is required prior to placement of the tree in a public Hot tap water shall be used when first filling a support stand.The building. water level,when filled,shall be at least 2 inches(51 mm)above the butt of the tree.The water level shall not be lower than the butt of the tree.If the water level should become lower than the butt of SECTION 3—FLAME RETARDANCE the tree,the tree shall be removed immediately or recut per Sec- tion 6 of Appendix IV-B. Trees shall be properly treated with an approved flame retardant. Trees without flame retardance shall be sprayed with water EXCEPTION:The chief may waive this requirement when the tree prior to setup. is fresh(recently harvested)and all other provisions of Appendix IV-B are observed.Consideration should also be given to humidity,tempera- SECTION 8—DRYNESS ture and the dryness of the tree at the time of setup. Trees shall be checked for dryness by the following method:stand SECTION 4—TAGS in front of a branch,grasp it with reasonably firm pressure and pull your hand toward you,allowing the branch to slip through your Trees shall bear a tag stating date of placement in the public build- grasp. If the needles fall off readily, the tree does not have ade- ing, type of flame-retardant treatment used, name of the person quate moisture content,and it shall be removed immediately. who applied the flame retardant,the name of the person affixing Ithe tag,a permit expiration date and the name of the designated SECTION 9—OPEN FLAMES individual making daily tests. Candles and open flames shall not be used on or near a tree within a distance equal to the height of the tree. SECTION 5—SUPPORT DEVICE The support device that holds a tree in an upright position shall be SECTION 10—ELECTRIC LIGHTS of a type that is stable and that: Electrical decorations used on trees shall be listed. 1. Does not damage or require removal of the tree stem base, 2. Holds the tree securely and is of adequate size to avoid tip- SECTION 11 —DAILY TESTS ping over of the tree,and Trees shall be tested daily by a designated individual. The test 3. Is capable of containing a two-day minimum supply of wa- shall include a check for dryness in accordance with Appendix ter,covering the stem at least 2 inches(50.8 mm),and the quantity IV-13,Section 8,and adequate water level maintained per Appen- specified in Table A-IV-13-1. dix N B,Section 7. TABLE A-IV-B-I—SUPPORT STAND WATER CAPACITY MINIMUM SUPPORT STAND WATER TYPICAL DAILY WATER EVAPORATION TREE HEIGHT(feet) CAPACITY(gallons) AMOUNT(gallons) x 3114.8 for mm x 3.785 for L Up to 61/2 1/2 1/8 to 1/4 6 /2 to 10 1 1/4 to 1/ Over 10 3 1/2 to R/2 1-311 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX V-A Division V STANDARDS APPENDIX V-A NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS OF GOOD PRACTICE SECTION 1 —SCOPE P-2 Characteristics and Safe Handling of Medical Gases The following standards and publications are intended for use as a S-1.1 Cylinders for Compressed Gas guide to attain a reasonable level of safety where specific require- V-5 Diameter-Index Safety System ments are not stated or specific standards are not adopted or refer- FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH enced in this code. 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike,Norwood,MA 02062 INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES SECTION 2—STANDARDS 1120 19th Street,N.W.,Suite 310,Washington,DC 20036-3605 AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION LABORATORIES IME PAMPHLETS 8501 East Pleasant Road,Cleveland,OH 44131 1 Construction Guide for Storage Magazines 1425 Grande Vista Avenue,Los Angeles,CA 90023 20 Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard in Use of Electric DIRECTORY OF CERTIFIED APPLIANCES AND Blasting Caps ACCESSORIES NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING,REFRIGERATING One Batterymarch Park,Quincy,MA 02269 AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS NFPA NATIONAL FIRE CODES 1791 Tullie Circle,N.E. UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. Altanta,GA 30329 333 Pfingsten Road,Northbrook,IL 60062 ANSI/ASHRAE Standards 1655 Scott Boulevard,Santa Clara,CA 95050 15 Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration UL DIRECTORIES 34 Number Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants Automotive,Burglary Protection and Mechanical COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION,INC. Equipment 1725 Jefferson Davis Highway,Suite 1004,Arlington,VA 22202 Building Materials CGA PAMPHLETS Electrical Appliance and Utilization Equipment C-6 Standard for Visual Inspection of Compressed Gas Electrical Construction Materials Cylinders Fire Protection Equipment C-6.1 Standards for Visual Inspection of High Pressure Fire Resistance Aluminum Compressed Gas Cylinders C-6.2 Guidelines for Visual Inspection and Gas and Oil Equipment Requalification of Fiber Reinforced High Pressure General Information from Electrical Construction Cylinders Materials and Hazardous Location Equipment C-10 Recommendations for Changes for Service for Directories Compressed Gas Cylinders Including Procedures Hazardous Location Equipment for Inspection and Container Removal Marine Products G-1 Acetylene Recognized Component G-2 Anhydrous Ammonia UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES G-3 Sulphur Dioxide Code of Federal Regulations,Titles 1-50,Superintendent of Doc- G-4 Oxygen uments G-5 Hydrogen United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases 20402 1-313 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-A Division VI INFORMATIONAL APPENDIX VI-A HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATIONS (See UFC Sections 8001.1.2 and 8002.3) SECTION 1 —SCOPE CLASS I-B liquids include those having flash points below 730F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F Appendix VI-A provides information,explanations and examples (37 8°C) to illustrate and clarify the hazard categories contained in Article 80.The hazard categories are based upon the Code of Federal Reg- CLASS I-C liquids include those having flash points at or above ulations, Title 29. Where numerical classifications are included, 73°F(22.8°C)and below 100°F(37.8°C). they are in accordance with nationally recognized standards. 2.1.3.2 Combustible liquids. Appendix VI-A should not be used as the sole means of hazard- CLASS II liquids include those having flash points at or above ous materials classification. 100°F(37.8°C)and below 140°F(60°C). CLASS III-A liquids include those having flash points at or SECTION 2—HAZARD CATEGORIES above 140OF(60°C)and below 200°F(93.3°C). CLASS III-B liquids include those liquids having flash points at 2.1 Physical Hazards. or above 200°F(93.3°C). 2.1.1 Explosives and blasting agents. 2.1.4 Flammable solids. 2.1.1.1 High explosives. Can be detonated by means of blasting 2.1.4.1 Organic solids. Examples: camphor, cellulose nitrate cap when unconfined.Examples:dynamite,TNT,nitroglycerine, and napthalene. C-3 and C-4. 2.1.4.2 Inorganic solids. Examples: decaborane, lithium 2.1.1.2 Low explosives. Can be deflagrated when confined.Ex- amide,phosphorous heptasulfide,phosphorous sesquisulfide,po- amples: black powder,smokeless powder,propellant explosives tassium sulfide,anhydrous sodium sulfide and sulfur. and display fireworks. 2.1.4.3 Combustible metals (except dusts and pow- 2.1.1.3 Blasting agents. Oxidizer and liquid fuel slurry mix- ders). Examples: cesium,magnesium and zirconium. tures.Example: ammonium nitrate combined with fuel oil. 2.1.4.4 Combustible dusts and powders (including met- 2.1.2 Compressed gases. als). Examples:wood sawdust,plastics,coal,flour and powdered I metals(few exceptions). 2.1.2.1 Flammable. Examples: acetylene, carbon monoxide, 2.1.5 Oxidizers. ethane,ethylene,hydrogen and methane. 2.1.5.1 Gases. Examples: oxygen, ozone, oxides of nitrogen 2.1.2.2 Oxidizing. Examples: oxygen, ozone, oxides of nitro- fluorine and chlorine(reaction with flammables is similar to that gen, chlorine and fluorine. Chlorine and fluorine do not contain of oxygen). oxygen but reaction with flammables is similar to that of oxygen. 2.1.5.2 Liquids. Examples:bromine,hydrogen peroxide,nitric 2.1.2.3 Corrosive. Examples: ammonia,hydrogen chloride and acid,perchloric acid and sulfuric acid. fluorine. 2.1.5.3 Solids. Examples: chlorates, chromates, chromic acid, 2.1.2.4 Highly toxic. Examples:arsine,cyanogen,fluorine,ger- iodine,nitrates,perchlorates and peroxides. mane,hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen selenide,nitric oxide,phos- 2.1.5.4 Examples of liquid and solid oxidizers according to phine and stibene. hazard. 2.1.2.5 Toxic. Examples:chlorine,hydrogen fluoride,hydrogen Class 4—Examples:ammonium perchlorate(particle size greater sulfide,silicon tetrafluoride and phosgene. than 15 microns), ammonium permanganate, guanidine nitrate, 2.1.2.6 Inert (chemically unreactive). Examples: argon, he- hydrogen peroxide solutions(greater than 91 percent)and tetrani- lium,krypton,neon,nitrogen and xenon. tromethane. 2.1.2.7 Pyrophoric. Examples: diborane, dichloroborane, Class 3—Examples: ammonium dichromate,calcium hypochlo- phosphine and silane. rite(over 50 percent by weight), chloric acid(10 percent maxi- mum concentration), hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 2.1.2.8 Unstable (reactive). Examples: butadiene (unstabi- 52 percent up to 91 percent),mono-(trichloro)-tetra-(monopotas- lized),ethylene oxide and vinyl chloride. sium dichloro)-penta-s-triazinetrione, nitric acid, fuming (more than 86 percent concentration),perchloric acid solutions(60 per- 2.1.3 Flammable and combustible liquids. cent to 72 percent by weight),potassium bromate,potassium chlo- 2.1.3.1 Flammable liquids. rate, potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloroisocyanurate), sodium bromate,sodium chlorate,sodium CLASS I-A liquids include those having flash points below chlorite(over 40 percent by weight)and sodium dichloro-s-triazi- 73°F(22.8°C)and having a boiling point below 100°F(37.8°C). netrione(sodium dichloroisocyanurate). 1-315 APPENDIX VI-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Class 2—Examples: barium bromate, barium chlorate, barium di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate 75 percent, 1,1-di-(t-butylper- hypochlorite, barium perchlorate, barium permanganate, 1-bro- oxy)-3,5,5-trimethyecyclohexane 95 percent, di-(2-ethythexyl) mo-3-chloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, calcium chlorate, calcium peroxydicarbonate 97 percent,2,5-dymethyl-2-5 di(benzoylper- chlorite,calcium hypochlorite(50 percent or less by weight),cal- oxy)hexane 92 percent and peroxyacetic acid 43 percent. cium perchlorate, calcium permanganate, chromium trioxide CLASS III:Class III peroxides burn rapidly and present a mod- (chromic acid),copper chlorate,halane(1,3-dichloro-5,5-dime- erate reactivity hazard. Examples: acetyl cyclohexane sulfonal thylhydantoin),hydrogen peroxide(greater than 27.5 percent up peroxide 29 percent,benzoyl peroxide 78 percent,benzoyl perox- to 52 percent),lead perchlorate,lithium chlorate,lithium hypoch- ide paste 55 percent, benzoyl peroxide paste 50 percent perox- lorite(more than 39 percent available chlorine),lithium perchlo- ide/50 percent butylbenzylphthalate diluent, cumene rate, magnesium bromate, magnesium chlorate, magnesium hydroperoxide 86 percent, di-(4-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicar- perchlorate,mercurous chlorate,nitric acid(more than 40 percent bonate 98 percent,t-butyl peroxy-2-ethytehexanoate 97 percent, but less than 86 percent),perchloric acid solutions(more than 50 t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate 75 percent, decanoyl peroxide 98.5 percent but less than 60 percent), potassium perchlorate, potas- percent, di-t-butyl peroxide 99 percent, 1,1-di- (t-butylper- sium permanganate,potassium peroxide, potassium superoxide, oxy)3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane 75 percent,2,4-dichlorobenzoyl silver peroxide,sodium chlorite(40 percent or less by weight),so- peroxide 50 percent,diisopropyl peroxydi-carbonate 30 percent, dium perchlorate,sodium perchlorate monohydrate,sodium per- 2-5-dimethyl-2,5-di- (2-ethylhexanolyperoxy)-hexane 90 per- manganate, sodium peroxide, strontium chlorate, strontium cent,2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)hexane 90 percent and perchlorate, thallium chlorate,trichloro-s-triazinetrione(trichlo- methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 9 percent active oxygen diluted in roisocyanuric acid),urea hydrogen peroxide,zinc bromate,zinc dimethyl phthalate. chlorate and zinc permanganate. CLASS IV:Class IV peroxides burn in the same manner as ordi- Class 1—Examples: all inorganic nitrates(unless otherwise clas- nary combustibles and present a minimum reactivity hazard.Ex- sified),all inorganic nitrites(unless otherwise classified),ammo- amples: benzoyl peroxide 70 percent, benzoyl peroxide paste nium persulfate, barium peroxide, calcium peroxide, hydrogen 50 percent peroxide/15 percent water/35 percent butylphthalate peroxide solutions(greater than 8 percent up to 27.5 percent),lead diluent, benzoyl peroxide slurry 40 percent, benzoyl peroxide dioxide, lithium hypochlorite (39 percent or less available chlo- powder 35 percent, t-butyl hydroperoxide 70 percent, t-butyl rine),lithium peroxide,magnesium peroxide,manganese dioxide, peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate 50 percent, decumyl peroxide 98 per- nitric acid(40 percent concentration or less),perchloric acid solu- cent,di-(2-ethylhexal)peroxydicarbonate 40 percent,laurel per- tions(less than 50 percent by weight),potassium dichromate,po- oxide 98 percent,p-methane hydroperoxide 52.5 percent,methyl tassium percarbonate, potassium persulfate, sodium carbonate ethyl ketone peroxide 5.5 percent active oxygen and methyl ethyl peroxide, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione dihydrate, sodium ketone peroxide 9 percent active oxygen diluted in water and gly- dichromate, sodium perborate (anhydrous), sodium perborate cols. monohydrate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium percarbo- nate,sodium persulfate,strontium peroxide and zinc peroxide. CLASS V.Class V peroxides do not burn or present a decompo- sition hazard. Examples: benzoyl peroxide 35 percent, 2.1.6 Organic peroxides. 1,1-di-t-butyl peroxy 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane 40 percent, 2,5-di-(t-butyl peroxy) hexane 47 percent and 2,4-pentanedione Organic peroxides are flammable compounds which contain peroxide 4 percent active oxygen. the double oxygen or peroxy(-O-O-)group and are subject to ex- plosive decomposition.They are available as: 2.1.7 Pyrophoric materials. 1. Liquids. 2.1.7.1 Gases. Examples: diborane,phosphine and silane. 2. Pastes. 2.1.7.2 Liquids. Examples: diethyl aluminum chloride, diethyl 3. Solids(usually finely divided powders). beryllium,diethyl phosphine,diethyl zinc,dimethyl arsine, trie- Classification of organic peroxides according to hazard: thyl aluminum etherate,thriethyl bismuthine,thriethyl boron,tri- methyl aluminum and trimethyl gallium. UNCLASSIFIED:Peroxides which are capable of detonation. These peroxides present an extremely high explosion hazard 2.1.7.3 Solids. Examples: cesium, hafnium, lithium, white or through rapid explosive decomposition and are regulated in ac- yellow phosphorus,plutonium,potassium,rubidium,sodium and cordance with Article 77. thorium. CLASS 1:Class I peroxides are capable of deflagration,but not 2.1.8 Examples of unstable(reactive) materials according to detonation. These peroxides present a high explosion hazard hazard: through rapid decomposition.Examples:acetyl cyclohexane sul- CLASS 4: Examples: acetyl peroxide, dibutyl peroxide, dini- fonyl 60-65 percent concentration by weight, fulfonyl peroxide, trobenzene,ethyl nitrate,peroxyacetic acid and picric acid(dry) benzoyl peroxide over 98 percent concentration,t-butyl hydroper- trinitrobenzene. oxide 90 percent,t-butyl peroxyacetate 75 percent,t-butyl perox- yisopropylcarbonate 92 percent, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate CLASS 3:Examples:hydrogen peroxide(greater than 52 per- ' 100 percent, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate 98 percent and cent),hydroxylamine,nitromethane,paranitroaniline,perchloric di-n-propyl peroxydi-carbonate 85 percent. acid and tetrafluoroethylene monomer. CLASS 11: Class 11 peroxides burn very rapidly and present a CLASS 2:Examples: acrolein,acrylic acid,hydrazine,metha- severe reactivity hazard.Examples: acetyl peroxide,25 percent, crylic acid,sodium perchlorate,styrene and vinyl acetate. t-butyl hydroperoxide 70 percent,t-butyl peroxybenzoate 98 per- CLASS 1:Examples:acetic acid,hydrogen peroxide 35 percent cent,t-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl hex-anoate 97 percent,t-butyl perox- to 52 percent,paraldehyde and tetrahydrofuran. yisobutyrate 75 percent, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl-carbonate 75 percent,t-butyl peroxypivalate 75 percent,dybenz-oyl peroxydi- Classification by degree of hazard shall be in accordance with carbonate 85 percent,di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate 98 percent, UFC Standard 79-3. 1-316 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-A 2.1.9 Examples of water-reactive materials according to haz- 2,4-dinitrotoluene, hydroquinone, mercury chloride (calomel), ard. mercury(II)sulfate(mercuric sulfate),osmium tetroxide,oxalic CLASS 3: Examples: aluminum alkyls such as triethylalumi- acid, phenol, P-phenylenediamine, phenylhydrazine, 4-phenyl- num,isobutylaluminum and trimethylaluminum;bromine penta- morpholine, phosphorus sulfide, potassium fluoride, potassium fluoride, bromine trifluoride, chlorodiethylaluminium and hydroxide,selenium(IV)disulfide,and sodium fluoride. diethylzinc. 2.2.2 Radioactive materials. ' CLASS 2: Examples: calcium carbide, calcium metal, 2.2.2.1 Common radiation source materials. More than 100 cyanogen bromide,lithium hydride,methyldichlorosilane,potas- radioisotopes are in common usage in various medical,academic sium metal,potassium peroxide,sodium metal,sodium peroxide, and industrial test and measuring situations. Most emit beta and sulfuric acid and trichlorosilane. gamma radiation.Some emit alpha radiation also.Some emit beta CLASS 1:Examples: acetic anhydride,sodium hydroxide,sul- or gamma radiation exclusively. fur monochloride and titanium tetrachloride. Table A-VI-2.2 indicates the types of radiation each isotope Classification by degree of hazard shall be in accordance with emits. UFC Standard 79-3. 2.2.2.2 Fissile materials. Fissile materials are materials which 2.1.10 Cryogenic fluids. may undergo a fission reaction,and are usually found only at reac- tor sites,or as part of a nuclear weapon.Fissile materials may emit 2.1.10.1 Flammable. Examples: carbon monoxide, deuterium alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation. Examples: pluto- (heavy hydrogen), ethylene,hydrogen and methane. nium-238,plutonium-239,plutonium-241,uranium-233 and ura- 2.1.10.2 Oxidizing. Examples: fluorine, nitric oxide and oxy- nium-235. gen. Note:Uranium(and certain other radioactive metals)are com- bustible in solid and finely divided form, as well as chemically 2.1.10.3 Corrosive. Examples: fluorine and nitric oxide. toxic.When radioactive materials burn,the products of combus- 2.1.10.4 Inert (chemically unreactive). Examples: argon, he- tion(other than heat)will be radioactive as well. lium,krypton,neon,nitrogen and xenon. 2.2.3 Corrosives. 2.1.10.5 Highly toxic. Examples:fluorine and nitric oxide. 2.2.3.1 Acids. Examples: chromic, formic, hydrochloric (mu- All of the cryogenics listed will exist as compressed gases when riatic greater than 15 percent), hydrofluoric, nitric(greater than they are stored at ambient temperatures. 6 percent),perchloric and sulfuric(4 percent or more). 2.2 Health Hazards. 2.2.3.2 Bases (alkalis). Examples: hydroxides—ammonium (greater than 10 percent),calcium,potassium(greater than 1 per- 2.2.1 Highly toxic and toxic materials. cent), sodium (greater than 1 percent) and certain carbonates- 2.2.1.1 Highly toxic materials. Examples: potassium. Gases—arsine, chlorine trifluoride,cyanogen,diborane,fluo- 2.2.3.3 Other corrosives. Examples: bromine, chlorine, fluo- rine, germane,hydrogen cyanide,nitric oxide,nitrogen dioxide, rine,iodine and ammonia. ozone, phosphine, hydrogen selenide and stibene. Note:Corrosives which are oxidizers,e.g.,nitric acid,chlorine, Liquids—acrolein, acrylic acid, 2-chloroethanol (ethylene fluorine;or are compressed gases,e.g.,ammonia,chlorine,fluo- chlorohydrin), hydazine, hydrocyanic acid, 2-methylaziridine rine; or are water-reactive, e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid, so- (propylenimine), 2-methyllactonitrile (acetone cyanohydrin), dium hydroxide,are physical hazards in addition to being health methyl ester isocyanic acid(methyl isocyanate),nicotine,tetrani- hazards. - tromethane, and tetraethylstannane(tetraethyltin). 2.2.4 Carcinogens,irritants,sensitizers and other health haz- Solids--(acetato) phenylmercury (phenyl mercuric acetate), and materials. 4-aminopyridine,arsenic pentoxide,arsenic trioxide,calcium cy- 2.2.4.1 Carcinogens or suspect carcinogens. Substances anide, 2-choloroacetophenone, aflatoxin B, decaborane (14), which produce or are suspected of producing or inciting cancer mercury (II)bromide(mercuric bromide), mercury (II)chloride (see definitions,Article 2).Examples:asbestos,benzene,berylli- (corrosive mercury chloride),pentachlorophenol,methyl parathi- um,carbon tetrachloride,chloroform,diazomethane,P-dibxane, on,phosphorus(white),and sodium azide. ethylene dichloride,polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and vinyl 2.2.1.2 Toxic materials. Examples: chloride. Gases—boron trichoride, boron trifluoride, chlorine, hydro- 2.2.4.2 Other health hazard materials. Substances which gen fluoride,hydrogen sulfide,phosgene,silicon tetrafluoride. cause damage to particular organs or systems(see definition,Ar- Liquids—acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol,alpha-chlorotoluene,ani- ticle 2).Examples: line, 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane,chloroformic acid(allyl ester), Hepatotoxins(chemicals which produce liver damage):car- 3-chloropropene(atlyl chloride),o-cresol,crotonaldehyde,dibro- bon tetrachloride and nitrosamines. momethane, diisopropylamine,diethyl ester sulfuric acid,dime- Nephrotoxins (chemicals which produce kidney damage): thyl ester sulfuric acid,2-furaldehyde(furfural),furfuryl alcohol, halogenated hydrocarbons and uranium. phorphorus chloride,phosphoryl chloride(phosphorus oxychlo- Neurotoxins(chemicals which produce their primary toxic ride),and thionyl chloride. effects on the nervous system): mercury and carbon disul- Solids—acrylamide,barium chloride,barium(II)nitrate,ben- fide. zidine, p-benzoquinone, beryllium chloride, cadmium chloride, Blood or hematopoistic system toxins(chemicals which de- cadmium oxide,chloroacetic acid,chlorophenylmercury(phenyl crease hemoglobin function,deprive the body tissues of ox- mercuric chloride), chromium (VI) oxide (chromic acid, solid), ygen): carbon monoxide and cyanides. 1-317 APPENDIX VI-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-2.2—RADIATION EMITTED FROM ISOTOPES1 Americium-241 a,y Dysprosium-165�,y Krypton-85 13,y Praseodymium-143 P Technetium-99m y Antimony-122�,y Dysprosium-166�,y Krypton-87 P,y Promethium-147 P Technetium-99 P Antimony-124 Erbium-169�,y Lanthanum-140 0,y Promethium-149 0,y Tellurium-125m y Antimony-125�,y Erbium-171�,y Lead-210 a,P,y, Radium-226 a,y Tellurium-127m 0,y Arsenic-73 y Europium-152 9.2h P,y Lutetium-177 0,y Rhenium-185�,y Tellurium-127 S,y Arsenic-74�,y Europium-152m 0,y Manganese-52 0,y Rhenium-188�,y Tellurium-129m P,y Arsenic-76 S,y Europium-154�,y Manganese-54 y Rhodium-103m y Tellurium-129 0,y Arsenic-77 S,y Europium-155�,y Manganese-56 P,y Rhodium-105 S,y Tellurium-131m P,y Barium-131 y Fluorine-18 S y Mercury-197m y Rubidium-81 S,y Tellurium-132 P,y Barium-133 y Gadolinium-153 y Mercury-197 y Rubidium-86 R,y Terbium-160 P,y Barium-140 R,y Gadolinium-159 P,y Mercury-203 P,y Rubidium-87 Thallium-200 y Beryllium-7,y Gallium-67 y Molybdenum-99�,y Ruthenium-97 y Thallium-201 y Bismuth-210 a,R,y Gallium-72 R y Neodymium-147 R,y Ruthenium-103�,y 'Thallium-202 y Bromine-82 0 y Germanium-71 y Neodymium-149 R,y Ruthenium-105 R,y Thallium-204 R,y Cadmium-109 y Gold-198 R,y Nickel-59 y Ruthenium-106 R Thorium(natural)a,y Cadmium-115m R,y Gold-199 P,y Nickel-63 y Samarium-151 S,y Thulium-170�,y Cadmium-115 li,y Hafnium-181 R y Nickel-65 R,y Samarium-153 R,y Thulium-171 R,y Calcium-45 S Holmium-166 P,y Niobium-93m y Scandium-46 P,y Tin-113 y Calcium-47�,y Hydrogen-3 r Niobium-95 R,y Scandium-47�,y Tin-125 R,y Carbon-14 R Indium-111 y Niobium-97 R,y Scandium-48�,y Tungsten-181 y Cerium-141�,y Indium-113m y Osmium-185 y Selenium-75 y Tungsten-185 Cerium-143�,y Indium-114m y Osmium-191m y Silicon-31 P,y Tungsten-187�,y Cerium-144�,y Indium-115m P,y Osmium-191�,y Silver-105 y Cesium-131 S Iodine-123 y Osmium-193 S,y Silver-110m P,y Uranium(natural or Cesium-134m 0,y Iodine-125 y Palladium-103 y Silver-111 P,y depleted)a,y Cesium-134 S,y Iodine-126�,y Palladium-109 S,y Sodium-22 S,y Uranium-233 a,y Cesium-135 Iodine-129 S,y Phosphorus-32 Sodium-24�,y Uranium-234 a,y Cesium-136 S,y Iodine-131�,y Platinum-191 y Strontium-85 y Uranium-235 a,y Cesium-137 S,y Iodine-132�,y Platinum-193m y Strontium-89 0,y Vanadium 48 P,y Chlorine-36 y Iodine-133�,y Platinum-193 y Strontium-90 P Xenon-131m y Chlorine-38 0,y Iodine-134�,y Platinum-197m P,y Strontium-91�,y Xenon-133�,y Chromium-51 y Iodine-135�,y Platinum-197 P,y Strontium-92�,y Xenon-135 S y Cobalt-57 y Iridium-192�,y Plutonium-239�,y Sulphur-35 P Ytterbium-175 S,y Cobalt-58m y Iridium-194�,y Polonium-210 R,y Tantalum-182�,y Yttrium-90 P,y Cobalt-58�,y Iron-52 R,y Potassium-42(3,y Technetium-96 y Yttrium-91 R,y Cobalt-60�,y Iron-55 y Potassium-43�,y Technetium-97m y Yttrium-92 a,y Copper-64 R,y Iron-59 0,y Praseodymium-142 P,y Technetium-97 y Yttrium-93 R,y t a=alpha radiation r=beta radiation y=gamma radiation Pulmonary damage agents(chemicals which irritate or dam- 2. Physical properties of the material. Physical properties, age the lungs):silica and asbestos. such as whether a material is a solid,liquid or gas at ordinary tem- Reproductive toxins(chemicals which affect the reproduc- peratures and pressures,considered along with chemical proper- tive capabilities, including chromosomal damage [muta- ties will determine requirements for containment of the material. tions] and effects on fetuses [tersiogenesis]): lead and Specific gravity(weight of a liquid compared to water)and vapor DBCP. density(weight of a gas compared to air)are both physical proper- ties which are important in evaluating the hazards of a material. 2.2.43 Irritants. Substances other than corrosives which cause 3. Amount and concentration of the material. a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical ac- tion at the site of contact.Examples:diphenylaminechloroarsine, 3.1 General. The amount of material present and its concen- xylyl bromide and chloracetophene. tration must be considered along with physical and chemi- cal properties to determine the magnitude of the hazard. 2.2.4.4 Sensitizers. Substances which cause an allergic reaction Hydrogen peroxide, for example, is used as an antiseptic in normal tissue after repeated exposure. and a hair bleach in low concentrations (approximately 8 percent in water solution).Over 8 percent,hydrogen perox- ide is classed as an oxidizer and is toxic.Above 90 percent, SECTION 3—EVALUATION OF HAZARDS it is a Class 4 oxidizer"that can undergo an explosive reac- tion when catalyzed or exposed to heat,shock or friction,"a 3.1 Degree of Hazard. The degree of hazard present depends definition which incidentally also places hydrogen perox- upon many variables which should be considered individually and ide over 90 percent concentration in the unstable(reactive) in combination.Some of the variables are: category. Small amounts at high concentrations may pre- sent a greater hazard than large amounts at low concentra- 1. Chemical properties of the material.Chemical properties tions. of the material determine self-reactions and reactions which may occur with other materials. Generally, materials within subdivi- 3.2 Mixtures. Gases—toxic and highly toxic gases include sions of hazard categories will exhibit similar chemical proper- those gases which have an LC50 of 2,000 parts per million ties. However, materials with similar chemical properties may (ppm)or less when rats are exposed for a period of one hour present very different hazards.Each individual material should be or less. To maintain consistency with the definitions for researched to determine its hazardous properties and then consid- these materials, exposure data for periods other than one ered in relation to other materials that it might contact and the sur- hour must be normalized to one hour.To classify mixtures rounding environment. of compressed gases which contain one or more toxic or 1-318 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-A highly toxic components,the LC50 of the mixture must be Examples: What is the LC50 of a mixture of 15 percent chlo- determined.Mixtures which contain only two components rine,85 percent nitrogen?The one-hour(rat)LC50 of pure chlo- are binary mixtures. Those which contain more than two rine is 293 ppm. components are multicomponent mixtures. When two or LC50m=1/(0.15/293)or 1,953 ppm.Therefore the mixture is more hazardous substances(components)having an LC50 toxic. below 2,000 ppm are present in a mixture,their combined What is the LC50 of a mixture of 15 percent chlorine,15 percent effect,rather than that of the individual substances(compo- fluorine and 70 percent nitrogen?The one-hour(rat)LC50 of chlo- nents),must be considered.In the absence of information to rine is 293 ppm.The one-hour(rat)LC50 of fluorine is 185 ppm. the contrary,the effects of the hazards present must be con- sidered as additive. Exceptions to the above rule may be LC50ru=1/(0.15/293)+(0.15/185)or 755 ppm.Therefore the made when there is a good reason to believe that the princi- mixture is toxic. pal effects of the different harmful substances (compo- Is the mixture of 1 percent phosphine in argon toxic or highly nents)are not additive. toxic?The four-hour(rat)LC50 is 11 ppm. For binary mixtures where the hazardous component is LC50m=1/[0.01/(11 x 2)]or 2,200 ppm.Therefore the mix- diluted with a nontoxic gas such as an inert gas,the LC50 of ture is neither toxic nor highly toxic.Note that the four-hour LC50 the mixture is estimated by use of the following formula: of 11 ppm was normalized to one hour by use of Table A-VI-A-1. 1 4. Actual use, activity or process involving the material. LC50. = [C/LC ] The definition of handling,storage and use in closed systems re- so fers to materials in packages or containers.Dispensing and use in For multicomponent mixtures where more than one com- open containers or systems describes situations where a material ponent has a listed LC50, the LC50 of the mixture is esti- is exposed to ambient conditions or vapors are liberated to the at- mated by use of the following formula: mosphere.Dispensing and use in open systems,then,are general- ly more hazardous situations than handling, storage or use in 1 closed systems. The actual use or process may include heating, LC50m = (C so l �z so zso/LC ) + (C /LC ) + (C• /LC ) electric or other sparks,catalytic or reactive materials and many other factors which could affect the hazard and must therefore be WHERE: thoroughly analyzed. LC501 = LC50 of the mixture in parts per million(ppm). 5. Surrounding conditions.Conditions such as other materi- C = concentration of component(i)in decimal per- als or processes in the area,type of construction of the structure, fire-protection features(e.g.,fire walls,sprinkler systems,alarms, cent. The concentration of the individual com- etc.), occupancy (use) of adjoining areas, normal temperatures, ponents in a mixture of gases is to be expressed exposure to weather,etc.,must be taken into account in evaluating in terms of percent by volume. the hazard. LC50i = LC50 of component(i).The LC50 of the compo- do Evaluation Questions. The following are sample evalua- nent is based on a one-hour exposure.LC50 data which are for other than one-hour exposures lion questions: shall be normalized to one hour by multiplying 1. What is the material? Correct identification is important; the LC50 for the time determined by the factor exact spelling is vital.Check labels,MSDS,ask responsible per- indicated in Table A-VI-A-1. The preferred sons,etc. mammalian species for LC50 data is the rat, as 2. What are the concentration and strength? specified in the definitions of toxic and highly toxic in Article 2.If data for rats are unavailable, 3. What is the physical form of the material?Liquids,gases and finely divided solids have differing requirements for spill and and in the absence of information the con, leak Control and containment. trary,data for other species may be utilized.The data shall be taken in the following order of pref- 4. How much material is present?Consider in relation to per- erence: rat,mouse,rabbit,guinea pig,cat,dog, mit amounts,exempt amounts(from Group H Occupancy require- monkey. ments), amounts which require detached storage and overall in = component 1,component 2 and so on to the nth magnitude of the hazard. component. 5. What other materials(including furniture, equipment and building components)are close enough to interact with the materi- al? TABLE A-VI-A-I-NORMALIZATION FACTOR 6. What are the likely reactions? TIME(hours) MULTIPLY BY 7. What is the activity involving the material? 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 8• How does the activity impact the hazardous characteristics of the material?Consider vapors released or hazards otherwise ex- 1.5 1.2 posed. 2.0 1.4 3.0 1.7 9. What must the material be protected from?Consider other 4.0 2.0 materials,temperature,shock,pressure,etc. 5.0 2.2 10. What effects of the material must people and the environ- 6.0 2.4 ment be protected from? 7.0 2.6 11. How can protection be accomplished?Consider: 8.0 2.8 11.1 Proper containers and equipment. 1-319 APPENDIX VI-A 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE 11.2 Separation by distance or construction. Data Sheets 11.3 Enclosure in cabinets or rooms. ELECTRICAL 11.4 Spill control,drainage and containment. 5-1 Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Locations 11.5 Control systems—ventilation, special electrical, detec- 5-8 Static Electricity tion and alarm,extinguishment,explosion venting,limit HAZARDS controls,exhaust scrubbers and excess flow control. 7-7 Semiconductor Plants 11.6 Administrative (operational) controls—signs, ignition 7-13S/12-61S Ammonia Refrigeration Systems source control, security, personnel training, established 7-14 Protection for Flammable Liquid/Flammable procedures,storage plans and emergency plans. Gas-processing Equipment Evaluation of the hazard is a strongly subjective process;there- 7-19N Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, fore, the person charged with this responsibility must gather as Gases,Solids much relevant data as possible so that the decision will be objec- 7-19S Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, tive and within the limits prescribed in laws,policies and stand- Gases,Solids 7-22 Hydrazine and its Derivatives ards. 7-23N Hazardous Chemicals Data It may be necessary to cause the responsible persons in charge to 7-28 Explosive Materials have tests made by qualified persons or testing laboratories to sup- 7.28N Explosive Materials port contentions that a particular material or process is or is not 7-29 Flammable Liquids in Drums and Small hazardous. See Section 103.1.2. Containers 7-34 Electrolytic Chlorine Process SECTION 4—REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS 7-43 Loss Prevention in Chemical Plants 7-44 Spacing of Facilities in Outdoor Chemical 4.1 General. See Appendix V-A. Plants 7-45 Chemical Process Control and Control Rooms 4.2 Specific. 7-45S Process Control Houses Subject to External Explosion 4.2.1 CHLORINE INSTITUTE 7-46/17 11 Chemical Reactors and Reactions 2001 L Street,N.W.,Washington,DC 20036 7-47 Physical Operations in Chemical Plants Chlorine Institute Publications 7-49/12-65 Emergency Venting of Vessels 7-50 Compressed Gases in Cylinders Chlorine Manual,5th edition, 1986 7-51/17-12 Acetylene Maintenance Manual for Chlorine Institute Standard Ex- 7-52/17-13 Oxygen cess 7-53 Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) Flow Valves,Pamphlet 42 7-54 Natural Gas and Gas Piping Piping Systems for Dry Chlorine,Pamphlet 6 7-55/12-28 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Emergency Control Planning Checklist for Chlorine Facilities, 7-56 MAPP Industrial Gas Pamphlet 64 7-58 Chlorine Dioxide Atmospheric Monitoring for Chlorine,Pamphlet 73 7-60/16-1 Fundamentals of Atomic Energy Calculating the Area Affected by Chlorine Releases, Pam- 7-61/16-2 Radioactive Materials phlet 74 7-70 Fumigation Instruction Booklet,Chlorine Institute Emergency K 7-72/12-10 Catalytic Steam/Hydrocarbon Reformers it"B"for 7.75 Grain Storage and Milling Chlorine Ton 7-76 Combustible Dusts Containers Instruction Booklet,Chlorine Institute Emergency 7-80 Organic Peroxides Kit"C"for Chlorine Tank Cars and Trucks 7-81 Organic Peroxides—Hazard Classification Chlorine Institute Drawing 188, Chlorine Cylinder Salvage 7.82N Storage of Liquid/Solid Oxidizing Materials Vessel 7-83 Drainage for Flammable Liquids 4.2.2 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION,INC.(CGA) 7-84/12-48 Hydrogen Peroxide 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,Arlington,VA 22202 7-86 Cellulose Nitrate 7-88 Storage Tanks for Flammable Liquids CGA Pamphlets 7-89 Ammonium Nitrate G-1 Acetylene 7-91 Hydrogen 7-92 Ethylene Oxide G-2 Anhydrous Ammonia 7-94/12-22 Ammonia Synthesis Units G-3 Sulphur Dioxide STORAGE G-4 Oxygen G-5 Hydrogen 8-OS Commodity Classification 8-9 Storage of Plastics and Elastomers P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases 8-10 Coal and Charcoal Storage P-2 Characteristics and Safe Handling of Medical Gases BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS 12-22/7-94 Ammonia Synthesis Units 4.2.3 FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND 12-23 Aqueous Nitrogen in Fertilizer Plants RESEARCH 12-27 Liquid Chlorine Storage Tanks and Systems 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike,Norwood,MA 02062 12-28/7-55 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1-320 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-A 12-48/7-84 Hydrogen Peroxide 325M Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, NUCLEAR Gases and Volatile Solids 16-6 Reactor Fuel Elements 481 Production,Processing,Handling and Storage of Titanium 4.2.4 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION 482 Production,Processing,Handling and Storage One Batterymarch Park of Zirconium Quincy,MA 02269 490 Storage of Ammonium Nitrate Fire Protection Handbook 491M Manual of Hazardous Chemical Reactions Industrial Fire Hazards Handbook 495 Manufacture,Transportation,Storage and Use National Fire Codes,specifically the following codes and stand- of Explosive Materials ards: 651 Manufacture of Aluminum and Magnesium 35 Manufacture of Organic Coatings Powder 40 Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film 654 Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in the 43A Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizing Materials Chemical,Dye,Pharmaceutical and Plastics g q g Industries 43B Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations 655 Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions 43C Storage of Gaseous Oxidizing Materials 704 Recommended System for the Identification of 45 Laboratories Using Chemicals the Fire Hazards of Materials 48 Storage,Handling and Processing Magnesium 801 Recommended Fire Protection Practice for 49 Hazardous Chemicals Data Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials 56A Use of Inhalation Anesthetics 4.2.5 NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION 56C Laboratories in Health-Related Institutions SERVICE 58 Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Springfield,VA 22161 Gases A Method for Determining the Compatibility of Hazardous 61B Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Grain Wastes,EPA-600/2-80-076 Elevators and Facilities Handling Bulk Raw Agricultural Commodities 4.2.6 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 61C Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in Feed U.S. Government Printing Office Mills Washington,DC 20402 321 Basic Classification of Flammable and Code of Federal Regulations,Title 29 Combustible Liquids Code of Federal Regulations,Title 49 1-321 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-B APPENDIX VI-B HAZARD RANKING SECTION 1.—SCOPE SECTION 3—DEGREE OF HAZARD Assignment of levels of hazards to be applied to specific hazard FIREFIGHTER WARNING PLACARD DESIGNATIONS classes as required by UFC Standard 79-3 shall be in accordance BASED ON HAZARD CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES with this appendix.The appendix is based on application of the de- HAZARD CATEGORY DESIGNATION grees of hazard as defined in UFC Standard 79-3 arranged by haz- Combustible liquid II F2 and class as for specific categories defined in Article 2 and used Combustible liquid IIIA F2 throughout the code. Combustible liquid IIIB F1 Combustible dust F4 Combustible fiber F3 SECTION 2—GENERAL Cryogenic flammable F4,H3 Cryogenic oxidizing OX,H3 The followinghazard rankings have been established b using Explosive R4 g Y g Flammable solid F2 guidelines found within UFC Standard 79-3.As noted in Section Flammable gas(gaseous) F4 1-7 of the standard,there could be specific reasons to alter the de- Flammable gas(liquefied) F4 gree of hazard assigned to a specific material,for example,igni- Flammable liquid IA F4 Flammable liquid IB F3 tion temperature,flammable range,or susceptibility of a container Flammable liquid IC F3 to rupture by an internal combustion explosion or to metal failure Organic peroxide,UD R4 while under pressure or because of heat from external fire.As a Organic peroxide I F4,R3 result the degree of hazard assigned for the same material can Organic peroxide II F3,R3 g g Organic peroxide III F2,R2 vary when assessed by different people of equal competence. Organic peroxide IV F1,R1 The hazard rankings assigned to each given class represent rea- Organic peroxide se Nonhazard g g g P Oxidizing gas(gaseous) OX sonable minimum hazard levels for a given class based on the use Oxidizing gas(liquefied) Ox of criteria established by UFC Standard 79-3.Specific cases of use Oxidizer 4 Ox or storage may dictate the use of higher degrees of hazard in cer- Oxidizer 3 Ox Oxidizer 2 OX tain cases. Oxidizer 1 OX Pyrophoric gases F4 Pyrophoric solids,liquids F3 Unstable reactive 4D R4 Unstable reactive 3D R4 Unstable reactive 3N R3 Unstable reactive 2 R2 Unstable reactive 1 R1 Water reactive 3 W,R3 Water reactive 2 W,R2 Water reactive 1 W,R1 Corrosive H3,COR Toxic H3 Highly toxic H4 Irritant H2 Sensitizer H1 Radioactive H4,RAD Carcinogen H4,3,2 or 1 Other health hazards H3,2 or 1 F—Flammable category. R—Reactive category. H—Health category. W—Special hazard:water reactive. OX—Special hazard: oxidizing properties. RAD—Special hazard: radioactivity(symbol used). COR—Corrosive. UD—Unclassified detonable material. 413—Class 4 detonable material. 3D—Class 3 detonable material. 3N—Class 3 nondetonable material. 1-323 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-C APPENDIX VI-C EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING FOR FIRE EXPOSURE FOR ABOVEGROUND TANKS (See UFC Section 7902.2.6.3.1) The requirements for emergency venting given in Table For areas exceeding 2,800 square feet(260.4 m2),it has been 7902.2-H and the modification factors in Section 7902.2.6.3.4 are concluded that complete fire involvement is unlikely,and loss of derived from a consideration of: metal strength from overheating will cause failure in the vapor 1. Probable maximum rate of heat transfer per unit area, space before development of maximum possible vapor evolution rate. Therefore, additional venting capacity beyond the vapor 2. Size of tank and the percentage of total area likely to be ex- equivalent of 14,090,000 Btu/h(4 128 370 W)will not be effec- posed, tive or required. 3. Time required to bring tank contents to boil, For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressures over 1 psig 4. Time required to heat unwet portions of the tank shell or roof (6.89 kPa),additional venting for exposed surfaces beyond 2,800 to a temperature where the metal will lose strength,and square feet(260.4 m2)is believed to be desirable because,under these storage conditions,liquids are stored close to their boiling 5. Effect of drainage,insulation and the application of water in points.Therefore,the time to bring the container contents to boil- reducing fire exposure and heat transfer. ing conditions may not be significant.For these situations,a heat Table 7902.2-H is based on a composite curve which is consid- input value should be determined on the basis of ered to be composed of three straight lines when plotted on log-log Q=21,000 AO.82 paper.See Figure A-VI-C-1.The curve may be defined in the fol- lowing manner: For SI: Q=43,198 AO.82 The first straight line is drawn on log-log paper between the point 400,000 Btu/h,at 20 square feet(117 200 W at 18.6 m2)ex- The flow capacities are based on the assumption that the stored posed surface area and theToint 4,000,000 Btu/h at 200 square liquid will have the characteristics of hexane,and the vapor liber- feet(1 172 000 W at 186 m )exposed surface area.The equation ated has been transposed to equivalent free at 60°F(15.6°C)and for this portion of the curve is Q=20,000A.(For SI:Q=63,100A). 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)by using appropriate factors in: See Table A-VI-C-1. The second straight line is drawn on log-log graph paper be- CFH = 70.5Q tween the points 4,000,000 Btu/h at 200 square feet(1 172 000 W L at 186 m2) exposed surface area and 9,950,000 Btu/h at 1,000 square feet (2 915 350 W at 93 m2) exposed surface area. The For SI• CMH = 15.84Q equation for this portion of the curve is Q= 199,300A0.566(For SI: L FM Q=224,195AO.566) See Table A-VI-C-1. The third straight line is plotted on log-log graph paper between WHERE: the points 9,950,000 Btu/h at 1,000 square feet(2 915 350 W at 93 m2)exposed surface area and 14,090,000 Btu/h,at 2,800 square 70.5 = the factor for converting pounds of gas to cubic feet feet(4 128 370 W at 260.4 m2)exposed surface area.The equa- (15.84=the conversion factor to m3)of air. tion for this portion of the curve is Q=963,400A0.338(For SI:Q= L = latent heat of vaporization. 630,425AO.338).See Table A-VI-C-1. M = molecular weight. Q = total heat input per hour expressed in Btu(for SI:Btu/h x TABLE A-VI-C-ITEQUATIONS USED TO 0.293=W). COMPILE FIGURE A-VI-C-1 Consideration has not been given to possible expansion from o=zo,000A o=iss,3ooao.sss Q=963,400Aoa3s the heating of the vapor above the boiling point of the liquid,its A o A o A Q specific heat,or the difference in density between the discharge x 0.093 x 0.293 for W x 0.093 x 0.293 for W x 0.093 x 0.293 for W for m2 for m2 for m2 temperature and 60o F(15.60 C),since some of these changes are 20 400,000 200 4,000,000 1,000 10,000,000 compensating. 30 600,000 250 4,539,000 1,200 10,593,000 40 800,000 300 5,032,000 1,400 11,122,000 Since tank vent valves are ordinarily rated in CFH standard air, 50 1,000,000 350 5,491,000 1,600 11,601,000 the figures derived from Table 7902.2-H may be used with the ap- 60 1,200,000 400 5,922,000 1,800 12,040,000 propriate tank pressure as a basis for valve selection. 70 1,400,000 500 6,719,000 2,000 12,449,000 80 1,800,000 700 8,129,000 2,800 14, 00,000 Table A-VI-C-2 Ives,for a variety of chemicals,the constants 90 1,800,000 700 8,129,000 2,800 14,000,000 g Y 100 2,000,000 800 8,768,000 and which can be used to compute the vapor generated and equivalent 120 2,400,000 900 9,372,000 over free air for liquids other than hexane,where greater exactness is 10 2,800,000 1,000 10,000,000 160 3,200,000 p desired.Inspections of the table will show that the use of hexane in 180 3,600,000 deriving Table 7902.2-H provides results which are within an ac- 200 4,000,000 1 1 1 ceptable degree of accuracy for the listed liquids. 1-325 APPENDIX VI-C 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE z Poe 0 14,090,000 03 O= 14,090,000 N 9,950,000 0 9� g63, 4,000,000 m tt Z P I O m a O m Q IQ 400,000 ' 11 20 200 1,000 2,800 d A=EXPOSED WETTED SURFACE AREA IN SQUARE FEET(x 0.093 for m2) FIGURE A-VI-C-I-COMPOSITE CURVE BASED ON EQUATIONS FOUND IN TABLE A-VI-C-1 TABLE A-VI-C-2--CONSTANTS TO CALCULATE VAPOR GENERATED AND EQUIVALENT FREE AIR FOR LIQUIDS OTHER THAN HEXANE HEAT OF VAPORIZATION BTU PER L Fm MOLECULAR LB.AT BOILING POINT CHEMICAL x 2.326 for kJ/kg WEIGHT x 2.326 for kJ/kg Acetaldehyde 1,673 44.05 252 Acetic acid 1,350 60.05 174 Acetic anhydride 1,792 102.09 177 Acetone 1,708 58.08 224 Acetonitrile 2,000 41.05 312 Acrylonitrile 1,930 53.05 265 n-Amyl alcohol 2,025 88.15 216 Aniline 1,795 93.12 186 Benzene 1,493 78.11 169 n-Butyl acetate 1,432 116.16 133 n-Butyl alcohol 2,185 74.12 254 Carbon disulfide 1,310 76.13 150 Chlorobenzene 1,422 112.56 134 Cyclohexane 1,414 84.16 154 Cyclohexanol 1,953 100.16 195 Cyclohexanone 1,625 98.14 164 o-Dichlorobenzene 1,455 147.01 120 cis-Dichloroethylene 1,350 96.95 137 Diethyl amine 1,403 73.14 164 Dimethyl acetamide 1,997 87.12 214 Dimethyl amine 1,676 45.08 250 Dimethyl formamide 2,120 73.09 248 Dioxane(diethylene ether) 1,665 88.10 177 Ethyl acetate 1,477 88.10 157 Ethyl alcohol 2,500 46.07 368 Ethyl chloride 1,340 64.52 167 Ethylene dichloride 1,363 98.97 137 Ethyl ether 1,310 74.12 152 Furan 1,362 68.07 165 Furfural 1,962 96.08 200 Gasoline 1,370-1,470 96.00 140-150 n-Heptane 1,383 100.20 138 n-Hexane 1,337 86.17 144 Hydrogen cyanide 2,290 27.03 430 Isoamyl alcohol 1,990 88.15 212 Isobutyl alcohol 2,135 74.12 248 Isopropyl alcohol 2,225 60.09 287 Methyl alcohol 2,680 32.04 474 (Continued) 1-326 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-C TABLE A-VI-C-2-CONSTANTS TO CALCULATE VAPOR GENERATED AND EQUIVALENT FREE AIR FOR LIQUIDS OTHER THAN HEXANE-(Continued) HEAT OF VAPORIZATION BTU PER L FM MOLECULAR LB.AT BOILING POINT CHEMICAL x 2.326 for kJ/kg WEIGHT x 2.326 for kJ/kg Methyl ethyl ketone 1,623 72.10 191 Methyl methacrylate 1,432 100.14 143 n-Octane 1,412 114.22 132 n-Pentane 1;300 72.15 153 N-Propyl acetate 1,468 102.13 145 n-Propyl alcohol 2,295 60.09 296 Tetrahydro furan 1,428 72.10 168 Toluene 1,500 92.13 156 Vinyl acetate 1,532 86.09 165 o-Xylene 1,538 106.16 149 Note:For data on other chemicals,see chemistry handbook. TABLE A-VI-C-3-APPROXIMATE WETTED AREAS FOR HORIZONTAL TANKS WITH FLAT HEADS(square feet) (Wetted Area Equals 75 Percent Total Area) TANK DIAMETER(feet) TANK x 0.093 for m2 LENGTH (feet) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x 305 for mm APPROXIMATE WETTED AREA(square feet)-x 0.093 for m2 3 32 4 39 55 5 46 65 88 6 53 74 100 128 7 60 84 112 142 173 8 67 93 124 156 190 226 9 74 102 136 170 206 245 286 10 81 112 147 184 223 264 308 353 11 88 121 159 198 239 283 329 377 428 12 95 131 171 213 256 301 350 400 454 509 13 102 140 183 227 272 320 371 424 480 537 14 109 150 194 241 289 339 393 447 506 565 15 116 159 206 255 305 358 414 471 532 594 16 123 169 218 269 322 377 435 495 558 622 17 130 178 230 283 338 395 456 518 584 650 18 137 188 242 298 355 414 477 542 610 678 19 197 253 312 371 433 499 565 636 707 20 206 265 326 388 452 520 589 662 735 21 216 277 340 404 471 541 612 688 763 22 225 289 354 421 490 562 636 714 792 23 235 300 368 437 508 584 659 740 820 24 244 312 383 454 527 605 683 765 848 25 324 397 470 546 626 706 791 876 26 336 411 487 565 647 730 817 905 27 347 425 503 584 668 754 843 933 28 359 440 520 603 690 777 869 961 29 371 454 536 621 711 801 895 989 30 383 468 553 640 732 824 921 1,018 31 395 482 569 659 753 848 947 1,046 32 496 586 678 775 871 973 1,074 33 510 602 697 796 895 999 1,103 34 524 619 715 817 918 1,025 1,131 35 539 635 734 838 942 1,051 1,159 36 553 652 753 860 966 1,077 1,187 37 567 668 772 881 989 1,103 1,216 38 685 791 902 1,01.3 1,129 1,244 39 701 810 923 1,036 1,155 1,272 40 718 828 944 1,060 1,181 1,301 41 734 847 966 1,083 1,207 1,329 42 751 866 987 1,107 1,233 1,357 43 767 885 1,008 1,130 1,259 1,385 44 904 1,029 1,154 1,284 1,414 45 923 1,051 1,178 1,310 1,442 46 941 1,072 1,201 1,336 1,470 47 960 1,093 1,225 1,362 1,498 48 979 1,114 1,248 1,388 1,527 49 998 1,135 1,272 1,414 1,555 50 1 11,157 1,295 1,440 1,583 (Continued) 1-327 APPENDIX VI-C 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-C-3-APPROXIMATE WETTED AREAS FOR HORIZONTAL TANKS WITH FLAT HEADS(square feet) (Wetted Area Equals 75 Percent Total Area)-(Continued) TANK DIAMETER(feet) TANK x 0.093 for m2 LENGTH(feet) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x 305 for mm APPROXIMATE WETTED AREA(square feet)-x 0.093 for m2 51 1,178 1,319 1,466 1,612 52 1,199 1,342 1,492 1,640 53 1,220 1,366 1,518 1,668 54 1,246 1,389 1,544 1,696 55 1,263 1,413 1,570 1,725 56 1,437 1,593 1,753 57 1,460 1,622 1,781 58 1,484 1,648 1,809 59 1,507 1,674 1,839 60 1,531 1,700 1,866 61 1,726 1,894 62 1,752 1,923 63 1,778 1,951 64 1,803 1,979 65 1,829 2,007 66 1,855 2,036 67 2,064 68 2,092 69 2,120 70 2,149 71 2,177 72 2,205 1-328 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-D APPENDIX VI-D MODEL CITATION PROGRAM (See UFC Section 103.4.1.1) SECTION 1 -GENERAL 2. A course of action to be taken when a condition exists that causes an immediate or extreme threat to life or property from fire 1.1 Scope. Many agencies charged with the responsibility of en- and explosion. forcing the Uniform Fire Code have determined that the issuance of citations is necessary for gaining compliance in some circum- 2.3 Authority. stances.Therefore,the following outline and examples have been 1. Ordinance, Section , grants au- drawn up to assist jurisdictions in the formulation of a citation pro- thority to use citations for violations of"any ordinance of the gram. 1.2 Initiating Correspondence. (See Figure A-VI-D-1.) The 2. Uniform Fire Code Section 103.4.1 states that the "chief is first step in establishing a citation program is to write a letter to the authorized to issue such orders as may be necessary for the en- appropriate legal officer of the jurisdiction stating the need,legal forcement of the fire prevention laws and ordinances." basis and intent to establish a program of this type. This letter 3. Pursuant to state law(section),citations for misdemeanors, should prompt a reply from the legal officer advising the enforcing any local or state code applicable to fire and life safety may be agency of the action necessary to implement the program. cited. 1.3 Citation Ordinance. (See Figure A-VI-D-2.)In a few juris- 2.4 Penalty. Ordinances: Not more than$500.00 fine; dictions,the legal officer has advised the enforcing agency that a imprisonment not more than six months;or both.A misdemeanor. municipal ordinance must be passed to allow for the issuance of Each day is a separate offense. citations.In such cases,a model ordinance is provided as an exam- 2.5 Materials Helpful in Writing a Citation. ple. 1. Uniform Fire Code. 1.4 Citation Program. In the majority of cases,the legal officer 2. List of court holidays. has required the enforcing agency to submit the complete program 3. List of common codes and sections violated. to the legal officer's office for review and approval. 2.6 Officer's Demeanor. The manner in which the officer con- 1.5 Components. The necessary components of a complete ci- ducts a relationship with the violator is of paramount importance. tation program include the following: It has an effect on the violator's attitude throughout the duration of the citing period and a strong bearing on public opinion concern- 1. Operating procedure and policy.See Section 2. ing this department.A courteous and businesslike demeanor must 2. Sample forms.See Figures A-VI-D-3 and A-VI-D-4. be displayed, and officers should never enter into an argument. Remember,most violators blame the officer,not themselves.An 3. Bail schedule.See Figure A-VI-D-5. alert, confident manner and a reasonable attitude may affect the violator,creating a more favorable atmosphere for the issuance of the citation. SECTION 2-OPERATING PROCEDURE CITATION PROGRAM 2.7 Salutation or Introduction. It is very important for officers to adequately introduce themselves, establish their identity and 2.1 Department Policy. The fire prevention bureau shall be re- the purpose of their presence to the person in charge of the prem- sponsible for the enforcement of laws and regulations for the safe- ises. guarding, to a reasonable degree, of life and property from the 2.8 Reason to Issue Citation. Citations will not normally be is- hazards of fire and explosion and from conditions hazardous to sued on the first visit. When routine violations of the applicable life and property in the use or occupancy of buildings or premises fire code are encountered, citations will generally be issued fol- and their contents. lowing the third visit or second reinspection. It is the intent of the department to achieve compliance by tradi- If code compliance has not been obtained on the second visit or tional means of inspection, notification, granting of reasonable the first reinspection,the inspector should mention the possibility time to comply and reinspection.The citation shall be used only of a citation and the need to issue one.In all cases,adequate time after all reasonable means to gain compliance have failed or,with shall be provided between inspections.This will vary with the se- proper justification,at the discretion of the fire chief. riousness of the violation and the complexity of the work to be By department policy, only those members of the fire depart- done. ment specifically designated by the fire chief may issue citations. In those instances where the time limit for compliance has ex- pired but the violator is making a reasonable effort to comply and The adoption of the Uniform Fire Code is contained in the no immediate fire or life hazard exists,the decision not to issue a Ordinance, Division , Article Section , and establishes the procedures for handling citation can be made by the inspector. violations of said code and applicable city ordinances. 2.9 Issuance of Citation. The citation(Notice to Appear)must be signed by the person responsible for the premises.This may be 2.2 Purpose. the owner,lessee or manager,but the citation must be issued to the 1. To gain compliance with the state and local codes, ordi- responsible person. nances and regulations,when all reasonable efforts have been un- 2.10 Making the Arrest(Issue Citation). A citation for a mis- successful. demeanor offense is an arrest.The violator's signature is a prom- 1-329 APPENDIX VI-D 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE ise to appear as instructed and the violator is released upon the 2.13.4 Citation procedures. The citation procedures are: violator's signing.Refusal to sign would require physical arrest. 1. Adults being cited (19 years or older) must be able to be (See Refusal to Sign Citation,below.) reached in the event a bench warrant is issued. After the officer has made a decision to arrest,the officer should 2. Adults cited shall be cited in the local judicial court. make the arrest by notifying the violator that the violator is ar- rested,the cause for the arrest and the authority to make the arrest 3. Juveniles shall be cited in the juvenile court. (enabling state or local law). 4. Citation books shall be issued by citation number to the as- 2.11 Refusal to Sign Citation. The citation is a release stating signed inspector.The inspector is accountable for each citation by that the defendant will appear in court or post bail in lieu of physi- number. cal arrest.In extreme cases,one may encounter an individual who 5. The citation shall be filled out completely and correctly and will refuse to sign the citation. After all reasonable efforts have all pertinent information entered. been pursued and a signature is not obtainable,the fire prevention officer will summon a police officer or sheriff,explain the situa- 6. When the citation is written and completed, copies will be tion to such officer,and request a physical arrest(per state law). distributed as follows: 2.12 Accountability. Each citation is numbered and accounted 6.1 Cited person's copy-give to violator. for.A list of all citations will be maintained in the headquarters fire 6.2 Court copy(original)-attach copies of inspection notices prevention office according to the area office of issuance. and a summary sheet and deliver to the district attorney or If a mistake is made while a citation is being written,it shall be the city attorney. voided and the office copy given to the fire department citation 6.3 File copy (fire department's copy)-forward to the fire clerk for filing. chief's office;a duplicate will be returned to the field of- fice for the occupancy file. 2.13 Procedures. 7. The fire department shall keep a citation log entering each 2.13.1 Routine violations. A written notice shall be issued citation and final disposition. whenever a code violation is encountered.The notice shall be is- 2.14 Restrictions.Restrictions are as follows: sued to the persons responsible for the premises or their authorized representative. 1. Citations shall be issued only after all responsible means to gain voluntary compliance have been exhausted as supported by The time established for reinspection may vary depending on documentation. circumstances, but generally,within 15-30 days, one of the fol- lowing should occur: EXCEPTION: Citations issued for violations which present im- minent life hazards such as trespassing in a closed area,smoking in 1. Compliance with all requirements. closed or restricted areas,failure to obey lawful orders of a fire inspec- tor,faulty equipment or procedures,and violations of a similar nature 2. Partial compliance with a designated reinspection date. will not require prior justification. 3. A satisfactory proposal for compliance with an agreed-upon 2. Citations shall be issued only by qualified officers as desig- time for completion. nated by the fire chief. 4. A final notice issued with a warning of pending legal action. 2.15 Use of Citation.Uses of citations are as follows: The amount of time permitted for compliance shall be depen- 1. Citations shall be used only where a violation of a specific dent upon the hazard and danger created by the violation.Exces- section of the appropriate code or ordinance has occurred. sive time for compliance may weaken the fire department's position in the event legal action is required. Documentation establishing prior efforts to gain compliance shall be in evidence. When deemed necessary by the enforcing agency, a courtesy EXCEPTION: Citations issued for violations which present im- pre-citation letter may be issued to warn of a pending citation(see minent life hazards such as trespassing in a closed area,smoking in Figure A-VI-D-3).Such letters may be sent by certified mail if the closed or restricted areas,failure to obey lawful orders of a fire inspec- violator is not available. tor,faulty equipment or procedures,and violations of similar nature will not require prior justification. 2.13.2 Imminent hazards. Order hazard abated,and 3. Issuing person shall be qualified as required by state law. 1. If the hazard is abated as requested,follow with a pre-cita- 4. The offense for which the citation is issued shall be a misde- tion letter advising of a citation procedure for future or similar vio- meanor and not a felony. lations. Citation may be issued if it is a repeat violation. 5. The date to appear as shown on the citation shall be as set 2. If the hazard is not abated,inspector takes action necessary forth by the local municipal court from the date of issuance. to abate the hazard and citation is issued immediately. 6. Whenever the issuing person questions the uncertainty of re- 2.13.3 Transient violations (violations not occurring at a per- leasing the violator upon signing the citation on his promise to ap- manent place of business). pear, the assistance of a sheriff or police officer should be 1. Violations involving persons who are transient are handled requested. by a citation or by arrest if the violation is committed in the inspec- 7. All violations shall be indicated on the citation with refer- tor's presence. ence to the appropriate code or regulations,including the specific 2. When a physical arrest is necessary,a local law enforcement section number. officer (sheriff or police) shall be requested to take the violator 8. All violations as shown on the citation shall be explained to into custody and to ensure proper procedures are followed. the violator prior to his signing. 1-330 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-D FIGURE A-VI-D-I—MODEL CITATION INITIATION CORRESPONDENCE Address correspondence to the appropriate legal officer in the municipality or district(i.e.,city attorney or district attorney). Dear The Fire Department is proposing to initiate a citation program.This department has deter- mined that there is a need for this type of action and,in some applications,would appropriately serve the legal process.To date,where we have been unable to gain compliance through routine inspection,notifications,rein- spections,granting of time,explanations and extensions,we have had to file formal complaints.This process has consistently resulted in extended delays,continuing violations and added work for legal departments.Also, in special situations where immediate action must be taken,citations could be issued to individuals violating the law. This department is currently required by law to enforce laws pertaining to fire and life safety. Section 103.2.1.2 of the Uniform Fire Code reads as follows: 103.2.1.2.Authority of Fire Personnel to Exercise Powers of Police Officers. The chief and members of the fire prevention bureau shall have the powers of a police officer in performing their duties under this code. . . This provision of the Uniform Fire Code makes it clear that firefighters have the powers of police officers to enforce the Uniform Fire Code. It would be our intent to continue to follow the normal notice procedure presently being used and to issue citations only in those situations where it is deemed applicable.Citations would not be issued at the time of first contact except in unusual circumstances. The proposed program would eliminate the clerical and legal work of many cases which currently must go through the complaint process. Please review the program as submitted and contact for your response to the proposed program. FIGURE A-VI-D-2—MODEL CITATION ORDINANCE ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ADDING SECTION TO THE MUNICIPAL CODE, PROVIDING FOR CITY COUNCIL DESIGNATION OF EMPLOYEES AND OFFICERS AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE ARREST CITATIONS. THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1.Chapter of the Municipal Code is hereby amended by the addition thereto of a new section,to be numbered and reading as follows: Issuance of Citations by Designated Officers and Employees.Officers and employees of the city who have the discretionary duty to enforce a statute or ordinance may,pursuant to Section of(state law)and subject to the provisions hereof,arrest a person without a warrant whenever any such officer or employee has reasonable cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed a misde- meanor in the officer's or employee's presence which he or she has the discretionary duty to enforce,and to issue a notice to appear and to release such person on the person's written promise to appear in court,pur- suant to Section of the(state law).Officers and employees shall not be allowed by their superior to exercise the arrest and citation authority herein conferred,unless such officer or employee is within a clas- sification of city officers and employees designated by resolution of the city council to exercise such arrest and citation authority as to specified misdemeanor violations.The city manager shall establish and cause to be administered a special enforcement training program designed to instruct each officer or employee who will exercise such arrest and citation authority,regarding the provisions of the statutes and ordinances to be enforced,the evidentiary prerequisites to proper prosecution for violations thereof,the appropriate proce- dures for making arrests or otherwise prudently exercising such arrest and citation authority,and the legal and practical ramifications and limitations attendant thereto.Any such officers or employees shall be ap- propriately instructed to deposit executed citations or notices within the(appropriate agency)for filing with the court after review for legal sufficiency. SECTION 2.Effective Date.This ordinance shall be in full force and effect thirty(30)days after passage. SECTION 3. Publication. The city clerk is hereby ordered and directed to certify to the passage of this ordinance and to cause same to be published once in a daily newspaper of general circulation, printed,published and circulated in the City of ADOPTED this day of ,19 1-331 APPENDIX VI-D 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE FIGURE A-VI-D-3—PRE-CITATION LETTER Date Certified Mail—Return receipt requested Delivered in person Dear The Fire Department conducted a firesafety inspection at the following: Name Address on(date) At that time a notice was issued indicating the corrections required to provide compliance with the applicable codes,regulations and ordinances.Compliance is required by Uniform Fire Code Section 103.4.3. Reinspections were made on(date of reinspection)in an attempt to gain compliance with the above-men- tioned Fire Code regulations.We were unsuccessful in obtaining compliance. This letter is to inform you that a fire inspector for the Fire Department will make a reinspection at the above-mentioned establishment on to determine if the necessary corrections have been made. If the necessary corrections have not been completed by ,a citation will be issued which will require an appearance by you in court. This letter is written as a courtesy to you in order to avoid future litigation. Name Title 1-332 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-D FIGURE A-VI-D-4 FORMS APPROVED BY JUDICIAL COUNCIL [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation] FACE SIDE OF THE FORM CITY OF' NOTICE TO APPEAR NO. 0001 DATE TIME DAY OF WEEK 19 M NAME(FIRST,MIDDLE,LAST) RESIDENCE ADDRESS CITY BUSINESS ADDRESS CITY DRIVER'S LICENSE NO. STATE CLASS BIRTHDATE SEX HAIR EYES HEIGHT WEIGHT OTHER DES. M F EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION BIRTHPLACE SOCIAL SECURITY NO. VEHICLE UCENSE NO. STATE YEAR OF VEHICLE MAKE MODEL BODY STYLE COLOR OFFENSES(S) CODE SECTION DESCRIPTION EVIDENCE SEEZED BOOKING K NG O ❑ LOCATION OF OFFENSE(S)COMMITTED OFFENSE(S)NOT COMMITTED IN MY PRESENCE.CERTIFIED ON INFORMATION AND BELIEF.I CERTIFY UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY THAT THE FORE- GOING IS TRUE AND CORRECT,EXECUTED ON THE DATE SHOWN AT ABOVE ISSUING OFFICER CALIF. SERIAL NO. (PLACE) NAME OF ARRESTING OFFICER—IF DIFFERENT FROM ABOVE SERIAL NO. VACATION DATED TO WITHOUT ADMITTING GUILT,I PROMISE TO APPEAR AT THE TIME AND PLACE CHECKED BELOW. X SIGNATURE BEFORE A JUDGE OR A CLERK OF THE MUNICIPAL OR JUSTICE COURT (ADDRESS) DATE TIME WITHIN 19 M $DAYS FORM APPROVED BY THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF SEE REVERSE SIDE Grey areas indicate spaces subject to local or agency requirements. (Continued) 1-333 APPENDIX VI-D 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE FIGURE A-VI-D-4—(Continued) RULES OF COURT [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation] REVERSE SIDE OF VIOLATOR'S COPY IMPORTANT—READ CAREFULLY WARNING: WILLFUL FAILURE TO APPEAR AS PROMISED IS A SEPARATE VIOLATION FOR WHICH YOU MAY BE ARRESTED AND PUNISHED BY 6 MONTHS IN JAIL AND/OR $500.00 FINE, REGARDLESS OF THE DISPOSITION OF THE ORIGINAL CHARGE. OFFICE OF 0OURT CLERK--HOURS A m m M m D M m z m m (Continued) 1-334 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-D FIGURE A-VI-D-4—(Continued) FORMS APPROVED BY JUDICIAL COUNCIL [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation] REVERSE SIDE OF COURT COPY BAIL: THE DEFENDANT IS TO BE ADMITTED TO BAIL IN THE SUM OF DOLLARS JUDGE BOKING:(To se ORDERED ONLY ON THE REQUEST OF ARRESTING OFFICER)THE DEFENDANT IS OR- DERED TO REPORT TO THE[NAME OF THE ARRESTING AGENCY)AT[ADDRESS] AND TID BE BOOKED AS PROVIDED BY LAW. S JUDGE rn D n m 0 O a x m D 2 n m O 0 z 0 O r D n x z m m z -i x m 1-335 APPENDIX VI-D 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE FIGURE A-VI-D-5 Bail Schedule INSERT LOCAL ORDINANCES WHERE APPLICABLE SECTION OFFENSE BAIL 103.4.3.1 Noncompliance with Orders or Notices $500.00 103.4.3.2 Noncompliance with Condemnation Tag 500.00 103.4.3.3 Removal and Destruction of Tags and Signs 500.00 103.4.4 Unlawful Continuance of Hazards 500.00 All other violations are$75.00 plus court costs.Fines are forfeitable on first offense and mandatory appear- ance is required on second offense. 1-336 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E B APPENDIX WE B B B REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE UNIFORM BUILDING CODE B B B TABLE 3-A—DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCIES BY GROUP AND DIVISION B B GROUPAND B DIVISION SECTION F DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCY1 B A-1 A building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of 1,000 or more and a legitimate B stage. B B A-2 A building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of less than 1,000 and a legitimate B stage. B A-2.1 303.1.1 A building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of 300 or more without a legitimate B stage,including such buildings used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group B Occupancy. B B A-3 Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of less than 300 without a B legitimate stage,including such buildings used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group B B Occupancy. B B A-4 Stadiums,reviewing stands and amusement park structures not included within other Group A Occupancies. B B A building or structure,or a portion thereof,for office,professional or service-type transactions,including storage of B 304.1 records and accounts,and eating and drinking establishments with an occupant load of less than 50. B E-1 Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by 50 or more persons for more than 12 hours per B week or four hours in any one day. B E-2 305.1 Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by less than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per BB week or four hours in any one day. B E-3 Any building or portion thereof used for day-care purposes for more than six persons. B F-1 Moderate-hazard factory and industrial occupancies including factory and industrial uses not classified as Group F, B Division 2 Occupancies. B 306.1 B F-2 Low-hazard factory and industrial occupancies including facilities producing noncombustible or nonexplosive materials B which during finishing,packing or processing do not involve a significant fire hazard. B H-1 Occupancies with a quantity of material in the building in excess of those listed in Table 3-D which present a hikh B explosion hazard as listed in Section 307.1.1. B H-2 Occupancies with a quantity of material in the building in excess of those listed in Table 3-D which present a moderate B explosion hazard or a hazard from accelerated burning as listed in Section 307.1.1. B 307.1 B H-3 Occupancies with a quantity of material in the building in excess of those listed in Table 3-D which present a high fire B or physical hazard as listed in Section 307.1.1. B H-4 Repair garages not classified as Group S,Division 3 Occupancies. B H-5 Aircraft repair hangars not classified as Group S,Division 5 Occupancies and heliports. B B H-6 307.1 and Semiconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and development areas when the facilities in which B 307.11 hazardous production materials are used,and the aggregate quantity of material is in excess of those listed in Table 3-D B or Table 3-E. B H-7 307.1 Occupancies having quantities of materials in excess of those listed in Table 3-E that are health hazards as listed in B Section 307.1.1. B B I-1.1 Nurseries for the full-time care of children under the age of six(each accommodating more than five children), B hospitals,sanitariums,nursing homes with nonambulatory patients and similar buildings(each accommodating more B than five patients). BB I-1.2 Health-care centers for ambulatory patients receiving outpatient medical care which may render the patient incapable of B 308.1 unassisted self-preservation(each tenant space accommodating more than five such patients). B B 1-2 Nursing homes for ambulatory patients,homes for children six years of age or over(each accommodating more than B five persons). B B I-3 Mental hospitals,mental sanitariums,jails,prisons,reformatories and buildings where personal liberties of inmates are B similarly restrained. BB M A building or structure,or a portion thereof,for the display and sale of merchandise,and involving stocks of goods, B 309.1 wares or merchandise,incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public. B B R-1 Hotels and apartment houses,congregate residences(each accommodating more than 10 persons). B 310.1 R-3 Dwellings,lodging houses,congregate residences(each accommodating 10 or fewer persons). B B S-1 Moderate hazard storage occupancies including buildings or portions of buildings used for storage of combustible B materials not classified as Group S,Division 2 or Group H Occupancies. B S-2 Low-hazard storage occupancies including buildings or portions of buildings used for storage of noncombustible B materials. B 311.1 B S-3 Repair garages where work is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance not requiring open flame or welding and B parking garages not classified as Group S,Division 4 Occupancies. B S-4 Open parking garages. B B S-5 Aircraft hangars and helistops. B B U-1 Private garages,carports,sheds and agricultural buildings. B 312.1 B B U-2 Fences over 6 feet(182.9 mm)high,tanks and towers. B tFor detailed descriptions,see the occupancy descriptions in the noted sections. B NOTE:UFC Section 216 contains complete descriptions. BB 1-337 APPENDIX WE 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B TABLE 3-B—REQUIRED SEPARATION IN BUILDINGS OF MIXED OCCUPANCY1 (HOURS) B A-2 A-2.1 A-3 A-4 B E F-1 F-2 H-2 H 3 H 4,5 H 6,7z I M R-1 R-3 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-5 U-13 B A-1 N N N N 3 N 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 1 B B B A-2 N N N 1 N 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 B B A-2.1 N N 1 N 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 B B A-3 N N N N N 4 4 4 3 2 N 1 1 N N 3 1 1 B A-4 1 N 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 B B 1 N5 N 2 1 1 1 2 N 1 1 N N 1 1 1 B E 1 1 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 B F-1 1 2 1 1 1 3 N5 1 1 N N 1 1 1 B B F-2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 N N 1 1 1 B H-1 NOT PERMITTED IN MIXED OCCUPANCIES.SEE CHAPTER 3. B B H-2 1 1 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 B B B H-3 1 1 4 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 B B H-4,5 1 4 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 B H-6,72 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 3 B I 2 1 1 2 2 4 3 1 B M 1 1 14 14 1 1 1 B R-1 N 3 1 3 1 1 BR-3 1 1 1 1 1 B S-1 1 1 1 1 B B S-2 1 1 N B B S-3 1 1 B B B S-4 OPEN PARKING GARAGES ARE EXCLUDED EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 311.2. B S51 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N B B B N—No requirements for fire resistance. BI For detailed requirements and exceptions,see Section 302.4. B2For special provisions on highly toxic materials,see the Fire Code. B3For agricultural buildings,see also Appendix Chapter 3. B 4See Section 309.2.2 for exception. B 517or Group F,Division 1 woodworking establishments with more than 2,500 square feet(232.3 m2),the occupancy separation shall be one hour. B B B BTABLE 3-C—REQUIRED SEPARATION OF SPECIFIC-USE AREAS IN GROUP I, B DIVISION 1.1 HOSPITALS AND NURSING HOMES B B DESCRIPTION OCCUPANCY SEPARATION B B1. Employee locker rooms None B B 2. Gift/retail shops None B B3. Handicraft shops None B B 4. Kitchens None B B 5. Laboratories which employ hazardous materials in Bquantities less than that which would cause B classification as a Group H Occupancy One hour B B6. Laundries greater than 100 sq.ft.(9.3 m2)1 One hour B B7. Paint shops employing hazardous substances and B materials in quantities less than that which would Bcause classification as a Group H Occupancy One hour B B 8. Physical plant maintenance shop One hour B B9. Soiled linen rooms One hour B B10. Storage rooms 100 sq.ft.(9.3 m2)or less in area B storing combustible material None B11. Storage rooms more than 100 sq.ft.(9.3 m2)storing B combustible material One hour B12. Trash-collection roomst One hour B B IFor rubbish and linen chute termination rooms,see the Building Code. 1-338 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E B TABLE 3-F-MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS B B B MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) BB QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALl x 304.8 for mm B Pounds Over Pounds Not Over Property Linesz and Inhabited Buildings3 B B x 0.4536 for kg Barricaded4 Unbarricaded Separation of Magazines4•5,6 B 2 5 70 140 12 B B 5 10 90 180 16 B 10 20 110 220 20 B B 20 30 125 250 22 B 30 40 140 280 24 B 40 50 150 300 28 B 50 75 170 340 30 B 75 100 190 380 32 B 100 125 200 400 36 B 125 150 215 430 38 B 150 200 235 470 42 B 200 250 255 510 46 B B 250 300 270 540 48 B B 300 400 295 590 54 B B 400 500 320 640 58 B 500 600 340 680 62 B B 600 700 355 710 64 B B 700 800 375 750 66 B B 800 900 390 780 70 B B 900 1,000 400 800 72 B 1,000 1,200 425 850 78 B B 1,200 1,400 450 900 82 B 1,400 1,600 470 940 86 B 1,600 1,800 490 980 88 B 1,800 2,000 505 1,010 90 B 2,000 2,500 545 1,090 98 B 2,500 3,000 580 1,160 104 B 3,000 4,000 635 1,270 116 B 4,000 5,000 685 1,370 122 B 5,000 6,000 730 1,460 130 B 6,000 7,000 770 1,540 136 B 7,000 8,000 800 1,600 144 B 8,000 9,000 835 1,670 150 B B 9,000 10,000 865 1,730 156 B B 10,000 12,000 875 1,750 164 B B 12,000 14,000 885 1,770 174 B B 14,000 16,000 900 1,800 180 B B 16,000 18,000 940 1,880 188 B B 18,000 20,000 975 1,950 196 B B 20,000 25,000 1,055 2,000 210 B B 25,000 30,000 1,130 2,000 224 B B 30,000 35,000 1,205 2,000 238 B B 35,000 40,000 1,275 2,000 248 B 40,000 45,000 1,340 2,000 258 B 45,000 50,000 1,400 2,000 270 B 50,000 55,000 1,460 2,000 280 B 55,000 60,000 1,515 2,000 290 B 60,000 65,000 1,565 2,000 300 B 65,000 70,000 1,610 2,000 310 B 70,000 75,000 1,655 2,000 320 B 75,000 80,000 1,695 2,000 330 B 80,000 85,000 1,730 2,000 340 B 85,000 90,000 1,760 2,000 350 B 90,000 95,000 1,790 2,000 360 B B 95,000 100,000 1,815 2,000 370 B B (Continued) B 1-339 APPENDIX VI-E 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B B TABLE 3-F-MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS-(Continued) B MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) B 1 x 304.8 for mm B QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL BPounds Over Pounds Not Over Property Lines2 and Inhabited Buildings3 B x 0.4536 for kg Barricaded4 Unbarricaded Separation of Magazines4,5,6 B 100,000 110,000 1,835 2,000 390 B110,000 120,000 1,855 ( 2,000 410 B 120,000 130,000 1,875 I 2,000 430 BB 130,000 140,000 1,890 2,000 450 B 140,000 150,000 1,900 2,000 470 B150,000 160,000 1,935 2,000 490 BB 160,000 170,000 1,965 2,000 510 B 170,000 180,000 1,990 2,000 530 B 180,000 190,000 2,010 2,010 550 B B 190,000 200,000 2,030 2,030 570 B 200,000 210,000 2,055 2,055 590 B210,000 230,000 2,100 2,100 630 B 230,000 250,000 2,155 2,155 670 B 250,000 275,000 2,215 2,215 720 B B 275,000 300,000 2,275 2,275 770 B BIThe number of pounds(kg)of explosives listed is the number of pounds of trinitrotoluene(TNT)or the equivalent pounds(kg)of other explosive. B ZThe distance listed is the distance to property line,including property lines at public ways. B 31nhabited building is any building on the same property which is regularly occupied by human beings.When two or more buildings containing explosives or maga- Bzines are located on the same property,each building or magazine shall comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings,and,in addition, B they shall be separated from each other by not less than the distances shown for"Separation of Magazines,"except that the quantity of explosive materials con- Btained in detonator buildings or magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said detonator buildings or magazines from buildings or magazines containing B other explosive materials.If any two or more buildings or magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified"Separation of Magazines"distances, Bthen such two or more buildings or magazines,as a group,shall be considered as one building or magazine,and the total quantity of explosive materials stored in Bsuch group shall be treated as if the explosive were in a single building or magazine located on the site of any building or magazine of the group,and shall comply B with the minimum distance specified from other magazines or inhibited buildings. B 413arricades shall effectively screen the building containing explosives from other buildings,public ways or magazines.When mounds or revetted walls of earth are B used for barricades,they shall not be less than 3 feet(914 mm)in thickness.A straight line from the top of any side wall of the building containing explosive B materials to the eave line of any other building,magazine or a point 12 feet(3658 mm)above the center line of a public way shall pass through the barricades. B5Magazine is a building or structure approved for storage of explosive materials.In addition to the requirements of this code,magazines shall comply with the Fire B Code. B 6The distance listed may be reduced by 50 percent when approved natural or artificial barriers are provided in accordance with the requirements in Footnote 4. B B B B B TABLE 5-A-EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3 B For exceptions,see Section 503.4. B B EXTERIOR WALLS B Bearing Nonbearing OPENINGS5 B Distances are measured to property lines(see Section 503). B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION B GROUP4 TYPE x 304.8 for mm BI-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-ER. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B B One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B II One-hour B B A-1 II-N B III One-hour BIII-N Group A,Division 1 Occupancies are not allowed in these construction types. B IV-H.T. B B V One-hour B V-N B B A-2 I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B e A-2.1 II-ER. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B A-3 III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B B A-4 IV-H.T. NR,N/C elsewhere BII One-hour Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour N/C elsewhere feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B B II-N BA 2.12 III-N Group A,Divisions 2 and 2.1 Occupancies are not allowed in these construction types. B V-N B V One-hour Two-hour less than 10 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet BOne-hour elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B 1-340 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX WE B TABLE 5-A—EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3—(Continued) B EXTERIOR WALLS B Bearing Nonbearing OPENINGS5 B Distances are measured to property lines(see Section 503). B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION GROUP4 TYPE x 304.8 for mm BB II One-hour Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour N/C elsewhere feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B II-N Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 10 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B B III-N Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B A-3 Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B V One-hour Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B V-N Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One less than 20 feet Protected less than 10 feet B NR elsewhere B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Protected less than 10 feet B feet or greater B II-N One-hour N/C less than 10 feet Same as bearing Protected less than 10 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B B III-N Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B A-4 Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 10 feet B One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Protected less than 10 feet B B V-N One-hour less than 10 feet Same as bearing Protected less than 10 feet B NR elsewhere B e I-F.R. Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-F.R. Two-hour N/C elsewhere Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B e IV-H.T. B B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B F-1 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B B M II-N3 One-hour N/C less than 20 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B S-1,S-3 NR,N/C elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Protected less than 10 feet B B V-N One-hour less than 20 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B B I-ER. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. B B II One-hour Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B E-1 One-hour N/C elsewhere NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B B E-27 II-N Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet I B E-37 One-hour N/C less than 10 feet Protected less than 10 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B B V One-hour Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B B V-N Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour less than 10 feet Protected less than 10 feet B NR elsewhere B B B (Continued) 1,341 APPENDIX VI-E 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B B TABLE 5-A—EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3—(Continued) B EXTERIOR WALLS B B Bearing Nonbearing I OPENINGS5 B OIS CCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION Distances are measured to property lines(see Section 503). B GROUP4 TYPE x 304.8 for mm B I-FR. Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet BII-FR. Two-hour N/C elsewhere Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B e III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. B B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet BF-2 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet BS-2 II-N3 One-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B B NR,N/C elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet BV One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Protected less than 10 feet B B V-N One-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet BNR elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C NR N/C Not restricted3 B II-F.R. e B II One-hour One-hour N/C NR N/C Not restricted3 B 2 3 II-N NR N/C Same as bearing Not restricted3 B H-1 III One-hour B III-N B B IV-H.T. Group H,Division 1 Occupancies are not allowed in buildings of these construction types. B V One-hour B e V-N B I-ER. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B B IV-H.T. BII One-hour Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B One-hour N/C elsewhere One-hour N/C less than 20 feet BB H-22,3 NR,N/C elsewhere 433 B H II-N Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B H-6 One-hour N/C less than 20 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere BV One-hour Four-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Two-hour less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B B One-hour elsewhere BV-N Four-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Two-hour less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B B One-hour less than 20 feet B NR elsewhere B I-ER. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 40 feet Protected less than 60 feet B B II-ER. One-hour N/C less than 60 feet B III One-hour NR,N/C elsewhere B B III-N B IV-H.T. B B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing,except NR, Protected less than 60 feet B H-52 N/C 60 feet or greater BII-N One-hour N/C less than 60 feet Same as bearing Protected less than 60 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B B e V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Protected less than 60 feet BV-N One-hour less than 60 feet Same as bearing Protected less than 60 feet B NR elsewhere B I-1.1 I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B B I-1.2 II-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B I-2 One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B I-3 NR,N/C elsewhere B I-1.1 II One-hour Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour N/C elsewhere NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet I-].2 BI-32 V One-hour Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B (Continued) 1-342 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E B TABLE 5-A—EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3—(Continued) B EXTERIOR WALLS B B Bearing Nonbearing OPENINGSs B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION Distances are measured to property lines(see Section 503). B B GROUP4 TYPE x 304.8 for mm B I-1.1 II-N B I-1.2 III N These occupancies are not allowed in buildings of these construction types. B I-2 V-N B I-3 B I-3 IV-H.T. Group I,Division 3 Occupancies are not allowed in buildings of this construction type. B I-1.1 III One-hour Four-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B I-1.2 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 20 feet B I-2 B I-3 B B I-1.1 IV-H.T. Four-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B 1-1.2 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 20 feet BB I-2 B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet BB I-2 V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Protected less than 10 feet B B B I-FR. Four-hour N/C less than 3 feet Four-hour N/C less than 3 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet BB II-F.R. Two-hour N/C elsewhere Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B B IV-H.T. B 1I One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B R-1 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater B B II-N One-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere BB V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B V-N One-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR elsewhere B B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 3 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet BB II-FR. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 3 feet B R-3 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater B II-N One-hour N/C less than 3 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B B V-N One-hour less than 3 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B NR elsewhere B B I-ER. One-hour N/C less than 10 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet BB II-FR. NR,N/C elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B II One-hour B II-N3 B B S-4 III One hour BB 11I-N B IV-H.T. Group S,Division 4 open parking garages are not permitted in these types of construction. B V One-hour B V-N B B I-FR. Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-FR. Two-hour N/C elsewhere Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B 1II-N NR,N/C elsewhere B B IV-HT B B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B feet or greater Protected less than 20 feet B S-5 II-N3 One-hour N/C less than 20 feet Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere feet or greater Protected less than 20 feet B B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Protected less than 20 feet B B V-N3 One-hour less than 20 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR elsewhere Protected less than 20 feet B EB (Continued) 1-343 APPENDIX VI-E 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B B TABLE 5-A-EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3-(Continued) B EXTERIOR WALLS B B Bearing Nonbearing OPENINGS5 B Distances are measured to property lines(see Section 503). B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION B GROUP4 TYPE x 304.8 for mm B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 3 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet BII-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B B 111-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. B B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 3 feet B U-13 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater BV One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B11-N2 One-hour N/C less than 3 feet3 Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere BV-N One-hour less than 3 feet3 Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B NR elsewhere B U-2 All Not regulated B BN/C-Noncombustible. B NR-Nonrated. BH.T.-Heavy timber. B F.R.-Fire resistive. BI See Section 503 for types of walls affected and requirements covering percentage of openings permitted in exterior walls.For walls facing streets,yards and public B ways,see also Section 601.5. B 2For additional restrictions see Chapters 3 and 6. B 3For special provisions and exceptions,see also Section 503.4. B 4See Table 3-A for a description of each occupancy type. B50penings requiring protection in exterior walls shall be protected by a fire assembly having at least a three-fourths-hour fire-protection rating. B 6See Section 308.2.1,Exception 3. B' 7Group E,Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies having an occupant load of not more than 20 may have exterior wall and opening protection as required for Group R, B Division 3 Occupancies. B B B TABLE 5-B-BASIC ALLOWABLE BUILDING HEIGHTS AND BASIC ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA B FOR BUILDINGS ONE STORY IN HEIGHTI B B TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION B I II III IV V B B F.R. F.R. One-hour N One-hour N H.T. One-hour N B B MAXIMUM HEIGHT IN FEET(mm) B 160 65 55 65 55 65 50 40 B UL (48 768 mm) (19 812 mm) (16 764 mm) (19 812 mm) (16 764 mm) (19 812 mm) (15 240 mm) (12192 mm) B USE GROUP HEIGHT/AREA MAXIMUM HEIGHT(Stories)AND MAXIMUM AREA(Sq.Ft.-x 0.0929 for mm) B A-1 H UL 4 B B A UL 29,900 Not Permitted B A-2,2.12 H UL 4 2 NP 2 NP 2 2 NP B A UL 29,900 13,500 NP 13,500 NP 13,500 10,500 NP BA-3,42 H UL 12 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 B A UL 29,900 13,500 9,100 13,500 9,100 13,500 10,500 6,000 B B,F-1,M, H UL 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 B S-1,S-3,S-5 A UL 39,900 18,000 12,000 18,000 12,000 18,000 14,000 8,000 B B E-1,2,34 H UL 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 B A UL 45,200 20,200 13,500 20,200 13,500 20,200 15,700 9,100 B B F-2,S-2 H UL 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 B A UL 59,900 27,000 18,000 27,000 18,000 27,000 21,000 12,000 B H-15 H 1 1 1 1 Not Permitted B A 15,000 12,400 5,600 3,700 B B H-25 H UL 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BA 15,000 12,400 5,600 3,700 5,600 3,700 5,600 4,400 2,500 B H-3,4,55 H UL 5 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 B A UL 24,800 11,200 7,500 11,200 7,500 11,200 8,800 5,100 B H-6,7 H 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 B A UL 39,900 18,000 12,000 18,000 12,000 18,000 14,000 8,000 B B 1-1.1,1.26,10 H UL 3 1 NP 1 NP 1 1 NP BA UL 15,100 6,800 NP 6,800 NP 6,800 5,200 NP B 1-2 H UL 3 2 NP 2 NP 2 2 NP B A UL 15,100 6,800 NP 6,800 NP 6,800 5,200 NP B I-3 H UL 2 B Not Permitted? A UL 15, B 100 (Continued) 1-344 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E B TABLE 5-B-BASIC ALLOWABLE BUILDING HEIGHTS AND BASIC ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA B FOR BUILDINGS ONE STORY IN HEIGHTI-(Continued) B TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION B B I II III IV V BB F.R. F.R. One-hour N One-hour N H.T. One-hour N g B MAXIMUM HEIGHT IN FEET(mm) g 160 65 55 65 55 65 50 40 B UL (48 768 mm) (19 812 mm) (16 764 mm) 1 (19 812 mm) 1 (16 764 mm) (19 812 mm) (15 240 mm) (12192 mm) B B USE GROUP HEIGHT/AREA MAXIMUM HEIGHT(Stories)AND MAXIMUM AREA(Sq.Ft.-x 0.0929 for mm) B R-1 H UL 12 4 29 4 29 4 3 29 B A UL 29,900 13,500 9,1009 13,500 9,1009 13,500 10,500 6,0009 B R-3 H UL 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B A Unlimited B B S-43 See Table 3-H B U8 H B A See Chapter 3 B B A-Building area in square feet. N-No requirements for Fire resistance. B H-Building height in number of stories. F.R.-Fire resistive. B H.T.-Heavy timber. UL-Unlimited. g NP-Not permitted. B IFor multistory buildings,see Section 504.2. B 217or limitations and exceptions,see Section 303.2. g 317or open parking garages,see Section 311.9. B B 4See Section 305.2.3. B B 5See Section 307. B 6See Section 308.2.1 for exception to the allowable area and number of stories in hospitals,nursing homes and health care centers. g 7See Section 308.2.2.2. B B 8For agricultural buildings,see also Appendix Chapter 3. B 917or limitations and exceptions,see Section 310.2. B 10For Type I1 F.R.,the maximum height of Group I,Division 1.1 Occupancies is limited to 75 feet(22 860 mm).For Type H,One-hour construction,the maximum g height of Group I,Division 1.1 Occupancies is limited to 45 feet(13 716 mm). B B B B e TABLE 6-A-TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION-FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS(In Hours) e For details,see occupancy section in Chapter 3,type of construction sections in Chapter 6 and B sections referenced in Table 6-A. g TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V B B Noncombustible Combustible B BUILDING ELEMENT Fire-resistive Fire-resistive 1-Hr. N 1-Hr. N H.T. 1-Hr. N g 1. Bearing walls 4 4 1 N 4 4 4 1 N B exterior Sec. Sec. Sec.604.3.1 Sec.604.3.1 Sec.605.3.1 e 602.3.1 603.3.1 B 2. Bearing 3 2 1 N 1 N 1 1 N B walls-interior B B 3. Nonbearing walls- 4 4 1 N 4 4 4 1 N B exterior Sec. Sec. Sec.603.3.1 Sec.604.3.1 Sec.604.3.1 Sec.605.3.1 B 602.3.1 603.3.1 B B 4. Structural framel 3 2 1 N 1 N 1 or H.T. 1 N B 5. Partitions- 12 12 1 N I or H.T. B permanent IZ N 1 N BB 6. Shaft enclosures3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B 7. Floors and floor- 2 2 1 N 1 N H.T. 1 N B ceilings B 8. Roofs and roof- 2 1 1 N I N H.T. I N B ceilings Sec.602.5 Sec.603.5 Sec.603.5 B B 9. Exterior doors and Sec. Sec. B windows 602.3.2 603.3.2 Sec.603.3.2 Sec.603.3.2 Sec.604.3.2 Sec.604.3.2 Sec.605.3.2 Sec.606.3 Sec.606.3 B 10. Stairway construction Sec.602.4 Sec.603.4 Sec.603.4 Sec.603.4 Sec.604.4 Sec.604.4 Sec.605.4 Sec.606.4 Sec.606.4 B N-No general requirements for fire resistance. B H.T.-Heavy timber. B IStructural frame elements in an exterior wall that is located where openings are not permitted or where protection of openings is required,shall be protected against B external fire exposure as required for exterior bearing walls or the structural frame,whichever is greater. B ZFire-retardant-treated wood(see Section 207)may be used in the assembly,provided fire-resistance requirements are maintained.See Sections 602 and 603. B 3For special provisions,see Sections 304.6,306.6 and 711. B B 1-345 APPENDIX VI-E 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE B TABLE 8-A—FLAME-SPREAD CLASSIFICATION B B B MATERIAL OUALIFIED BY: B B Class Flame-spread Index B B B I 0-25 B B II 26-75 B B 111 76-200 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B TABLE 8-B—MAXIMUM FLAME-SPREAD CLASS1 B B OCCUPANCY GROUP ENCLOSED VERTICAL EXITWAYS OTHER EXITWAYS2 ROOMS OR AREAS B A I 11 I13 B B I II III B E I II III B B F II III III B B H I II QI4 B I-1.1,I-1.2,I-2 I I5 II6 B B B I-3 I I5 I6 B e M I 1I III B R-1 I II III BR-3 III 111 1117 B S-1,S-2 [I II III B S-3,S-4,S-5 I II III B U NO RESTRICTIONS B BIFoam plastics shall comply with the requirements specified in Section 2602.Carpeting on ceilings and textile wall coverings shall comply with the requirements B specified in Sections 804.2 and 805,respectively. B2Finish classification is not applicable to interior walls and ceilings of exterior exit balconies. B31n Group A,Divisions 3 and 4 Occupancies,Class III may be used. B40ver two stories shall be of Class 11. B51n Group I,Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies,Class 11 may be used. B 6Class III may be used in administrative spaces. B 7171ame-spread provisions are not applicable to kitchens and bathrooms of Group R,Division 3 Occupancies. 1-346 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E B TABLE 10-A-MINIMUM EGRESS REQUIREMENTS1 B B OCCUPANT LOADFACTOR3 B MINIMUM OF TWO MEANS OF EGRESS (square feet) B ARE REQUIRED WHERE NUMBER OF USE2 OCCUPANTS IS AT LEAST x 0.0929 for m2 B 1. Aircraft hangars B (no repair) 10 500 B 2. Auction rooms 30 7 B 3. Assembly areas,concentrated use(without fixed seats) 50 7 B Auditoriums B Churches and chapels B Dance floors Lobby accessory to assembly occupancy B Lodge rooms B Reviewing stands B B Stadiums B Waiting area 50 3 B 4. Assembly areas,less-concentrated use B Conference rooms 50 15 B Dining rooms B Drinking establishments B Exhibit rooms B B Gymnasiums B Lounges B Stages B Gaming:keno,slot machine and live games area 50 11 B 5. Bowling alley(assume no occupant load for bowling lanes) 50 4 B 6. Children's homes and homes for the aged 6 80 B 7. Classrooms 50 20 B 8. Congregate residences 10 200 B 9. Courtrooms 50 40 B 10. Dormitories 10 50 B B 11. Dwellings 10 300 B 12. Exercising rooms 50 50 B 13. Garage,parking 30 200 B 14. Health care facilities- B Sleeping rooms 8 120 B Treatment rooms 10 240 B 15. Hotels and apartments 10 200 B 16. Kitchen---commercial 30 200 B 17. Library- B Reading rooms 50 50 B Stack areas 30 100 B 18. Locker rooms 30 50 B 19. Malls(see Chapter 4) - - B 20. Manufacturing areas 30 200 B 21. Mechanical equipment room 30 300 B 22. Nurseries for children(day care) 7 35 BB 23. Offices 30 100 B 24. School shops and vocational rooms 50 50 B 25. Skating rinks 50 50 on the skating area; B 15 on the deck B 26. Storage and stock rooms 30 300 B 27. Stores-retail sales rooms B Basements and ground floor 50 30 B Upper floors 50 60 B 28. Swimming pools 50 50 for the pool area; B 15 on the deck B B 29. Warehouses5 30 500 B 30. All others 50 100 B B B [Access to,and egress from,buildings for persons with disabilities shall be provided as specified in Chapter 11. B zFor additional provisions on number of means of egress from Groups H and I Occupancies and from rooms containing fuel-fired equipment or cellulose nitrate, B see Sections 1018,1019 and 1020,respectively. B 3This table shall not be used to determine working space requirements per person. B B 40ccupant load based on five persons for each alley,including 15 feet(4572 mm)of runway. B 50ccupant load for warehouses containing approved high rack storage systems designed for mechanical handling may be based on the floor area exclusive of the B rack area rather than the gross floor area. B 1-347 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-F APPENDIX VI-F RECOMMENDED SEPARATION DISTANCES FOR EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS (See UFC Sections 203,206 and 213 and Articles 77 and 78) The following information is provided as reference information has designated explosives as Class A,Class B,Class C or blasting for application of Article 77. agents.Effective October 1,1991,DOT revised the rules covering The information provided in Section 1 is excerpted from federal the classification, description, shipping name, packaging, label- regulations in 49 C.F.R.A discussion of the new regulations is also ing and placarding for the transportation of explosives.These re- provided. vised rules are based on United Nations(UN)Recommendations and were designed to bring existing DOT regulations into align- Table A-VI-F-5 is reprinted with permission of the Institute of ment with international regulations. Effective October 1, 1991, Makers of Explosives with the provision that the entire table, the classification, marking, labeling, shipping papers and emer- complete with all explanatory footnotes, be printed. Table gency response information for all new explosives were required A-VI-F-5 is used for magazines containing high explosives or a to be in accordance with the revised regulations. combination of high explosives and low explosives, and for For explosives approved prior to October 1,1991,DOT has es- magazines containing blasting agents. tablished transition dates to provide an orderly transition to the new regulations.See Table A-VI-F-1.Note that the execution date SECTION 1 —CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVE for mandatory use of placards based on UN Recommendations MATERIALS has been extended to October 1,2001. The new UN/DOT system classifies explosives as Class 1 mate- Section 1 provides guidance regarding the classification of explo- rials.They are then divided into divisions to indicate their relative sive materials.This guidance is necessary because of a new explo- hazard.Unfortunately,there is not a direct correlation between the sive materials classification system that has been adopted by the designations used by the old DOT system and those used by the United States Department of Transportation. new system.Tables A-VI-F-2 and A-VI-F-3 provide some guid- The Uniform Fire Code regulates explosives based on a com- ance with regard to the new categories and their relationship to the bination of two systems used by the federal government for classi- old categories. fication of explosives. One system is used by DOT and applies to Additionally,all Class 1 materials are assigned a compatibility transportation of materials. The other system is used by the letter to show which materials,when grouped together, will not Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms(BATF)and applies to significantly increase the probability of an accident,or for a given storage. quantity,increase the magnitude of the effects from such an acci- The Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms classifies explo- dent.See Table A-VI-F-4.During the transition period described sives as either high explosives,low explosives or blasting agents in Table A-VI-F-1, special care should be taken to ensure that as specified in 27 C.F.R.These high-explosive,low-explosive and compatibility letters from the UN/DOT system are not confused blasting agent categories are used when determining some of the with letters used to designate explosive classes under the old DOT UFC requirements for storage of explosive materials.Some diffi- classifications. culty may be experienced when applying UFC regulations that For additional information,see 49 C.F.R. refer to these categories because packages for explosive materials may not be labeled with these designations. SECTION 2—RECOMMENDED SEPARATION Package labels and markings for explosive materials are typi- DISTANCES FOR EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS cally based on the classification system prescribed by DOT regu- lations in 49 C.F.R.,Parts 171-173.For many years, this system See Table A-VI-F-5. TABLE A-VI-F-I—TRANSITION DATES FOR EXPLOSIVES CLASSIFICATIONS AND RELATED DOT REGULATIONS OCTOBER 1,1991 DOT publishes new rules for explosives based on United Nations(UN) Recommendations.All new explosives must be classified under the new regulations. OCTOBER 1,1993 Mandatory compliance with new classification and hazard communication requirements except placarding. OCTOBER 1,1994 Mandatory use of new UN placards except existing DOT placards may continue to be used for domestic highway transport.Package manufacturers will only be permitted to make nonbulk packaging which meet United Nations performance standards. OCTOBER 1,1996 Mandatory use of performance-oriented packaging standards based on United Nations Recommendations for nonbulk packaging. OCTOBER 1,2001 Mandatory use of new United Nations placards for all modes of transportation. 1-349 APPENDIX VI-F 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-F-2-DEFINITIONS FOR DIVISIONS OF CLASS 1 (EXPLOSIVE)MATERIALS DIVISION DEFINITION 1.1 Explosives that have a mass hazard explosion.A mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire load instantaneously.(Examples include dynamite,cap-sensitive water gels,slurries, emulsions and cast boosters.) 1.2 Explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.(Examples include ammunition,projectiles and bombs.) 1.3 Explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both,but not a mass explosion hazard.(Examples include some propellants,some fireworks and flares.) 1.4 Explosive devices that present a minor explosion hazard.External fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package.(Examples include some detonators and detonating cords,safety fuse,electric squibs,igniters,igniting cord and some fireworks.) 1.5 Very insensitive explosives.This division is comprised of substances which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of transport.(Examples include blasting agents.) 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard.This division is comprised of articles which contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.(This division is not commonly used for commercial explosives.) TABLE A-VI-F-3-COMPARISON OF OLD TO CURRENT EXPLOSIVES CLASSIFICATIONS OLD DOT CLASSIFICATION CURRENT DOT CLASSIFICATION CLASS A EXPLOSIVES May be either DIVISION 1.1 or 1.2 depending on the material CLASS B EXPLOSIVES May be either DIVISION 1.2 or 1.3 depending on the material CLASS C EXPLOSIVES DIVISION 1.4 BLASTING AGENTS DIVISION 1.5 (NO APPLICABLE CLASS) DIVISION 1.6 TABLE A-VI-F-4-EXPLOSIVES COMPATIBILITY GROUPS DESCRIPTION OF SUBSTANCES OR ARTICLE TO BE CLASSIFIED COMPATIBILITY GROUP CLASSIFICATION CODE Primary explosive substance. A 1.1A Article containing a primary explosive substance and not containing two or more effective B 1.1B protective features. 1.213 1.4B Propellant explosive substance or other deflagrating explosive substance or article containing such C 1.1C explosive substance. 1.2C 1.3C 1.4C Secondary detonating explosive substance or black powder or article containing a secondary D 1.1 D detonating explosive substance,in each case without means of initiation and without a propelling 1.21) charge,or article containing a primary explosive substance and containing two or more effective 1.41) protective features. 1.51) Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance,without means of initiation,with a E 1.1E propelling charge(other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid). 1.2E 1.4E Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance with its means of initiation,with a F 1.1F propelling charge(other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid)or without a 1.217 propelling charge. 1.3F 1.417 Pyrotechnic substance or article containing a pyrotechnic substance,or article containing both an G 1.1G explosive substance and an illuminating,incendiary,tear-producing or smoke-producing substance 1.2G (other than a water-activated article or one containing white phosphorus,phosphide or flammable 1.3G liquid or gel or hypergolic liquid). 1AG Article containing both an explosive substance and white phosphorus. H 1.2H 1.3H Article containing both an explosive substance and flammable liquid or gel. J 1.1J 1.2.1 1.3J Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic chemical agent. K 1.2K 1.3K Explosive substance or article containing an explosive substance and presenting a special risk(e.g., L 1.1L due to water-activation or presence of hypergolic liquids,phosphides or pyrophoric substances) 1.2L needing isolation of each type. 1.31, Articles containing only extremely insensitive detonating substances. N 1.6N Substance or article so packed or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental S 1AS functioning are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prohibit fire fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the package. 1-350 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-F TABLE A-VI-F-5-AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS As Revised and Approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives-June 199114 DISTANCES IN FEET x 304.8 for mm Passenger Railways-Public Public Highways with Highways with Traffic Volume of QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE Traffic Volume of less than more than 3,000 MATERIALS1,2,3,4,15 Inhabited Bulldingss 3,000 Vehicles per Day Vehicles/Day10,11 Separation of Magazines5,12 Pounds Not Pounds Over Over x 0.454 for kg Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricadeds,7•a Unbarricaded 0 5 70 140 30 60 51 102 6 12 5 10 90 180 35 70 64 128 8 16 10 20 110 220 45 90 81 162 10 20 20 30 125 250 50 100 93 186 11 22 30 40 140 280 55 110 103 206 12 24 40 50 150 300 60 120 110 220 14 28 50 75 170 340 70 140 127 254 15 30 75 100 190 380 75 150 139 278 16 32 100 125 200 400 80 160 150 300 18 36 125 150 215 430 85 1 170 159 318 19 38 150 200 235 470 95 190 175 350 21 42 200 250 255 510 105 210 189 378 23 46 250 300 270 540 110 220 201 402 24 48 300 400 295 590 120 240 221 442 27 54 400 1 500 320 640 130 260 238 476 29 58 500 600 340 680 135 270 253 506 31 62 600 700 355 710 145 290 266 522 32 64 700 800 375 750 150 300 278 556 33 66 800 900 390 780 155 310 289 578 34 70 900 1,000 400 800 160 320 300 600 36 72 1,000 1,200 425 850 165 330 318 636 39 78 1,200 1,400 450 900 170 340 336 672 41 82 1,400 1,600 470 940 175 350 351 702 43 86 1,600 1,800 490 980 180 360 366 732 44 88 1,800 1 2,000 505 1,010 185 370 378 756 45 90 2,000 2,500 545 1,090 190 380 408 816 49 98 2,500 3,000 580 1,160 195 390 432 864 52 104 3,000 4,000 635 1,270 210 420 474 949 58 116 4,000 5,000 685 1,370 225 450 513 1,026 61 122 5,000 6,000 730 1,460 235 470 546 1,092 65 130 6,000 7,000 770 1,540 245 490 573 1,146 68 136 7,000 8,000 800 1,600 250 500 600 1,200 72 144 8,000 9,000 835 1,670 255 510 624 1,248 75 150 9,000 10,000 865 1,730 260 520 645 1,290 78 156 10,000 12,000 875 1,750 270 520 687 1,374 82 164 12,000 14,000 885 1,770 275 550 723 1,446 87 174 14,000 16,000 900 1,800 280 560 756 1,512 90 180 16,000 18,000 940 1,880 285 570 786 1,572 94 188 18,000 20,000 975 1,950 290 580 813 1,626 98 196 20,000 25,000 1,055 2,000 315 630 876 1,752 105 210 25,000 30,000 1,130 2,000 340 680 933 1,866 112 224 30,000 35,000 1,205 2,000 360 720 981 1,962 119 238 35,000 40,000 1,275 2,000 380 760 1,026 2,000 124 248 40,000 45,000 1,340 2,000 400 800 1,068 2,000 129 258 45,000 50,000 1,400 2,000 420 840 1,104 2,000 135 270 50,000 55,000 1,460 2,000 440 880 1,140 2,000 140 280 55,000 60,000 1,515 2,000 455 910 1,173 2,000 145 290 60,000 65,000 1,565 2,000 470 940 1,206 2,000 150 300 65,000 70,000 1,610 2,000 485 970 1,236 2,000 155 310 70,000 75,000 1,655 2,000 500 1,000 1,263 2,000 160 320 75,000 80,000 1,695 2,000 510 1,020 1,293 2,000 165 330 80,000 85,000 1,730 2,000 520 1,040 1,317 2,000 170 340 85,000 90,000 1,760 2,000 530 1,060 1,344 2,000 175 350 90,000 95,000 1,790 2,000 540 1,080 1,368 2,000 180 360 95,000 100,000 1,815 2,000 545 1,090 1,392 2,000 185 370 100,000 110,000 1,835 2,000 550 1,100 1,437 2,000 195 390 110,000 120,000 1,855 2,000 555 1,110 1,479 2,000 205 410 120,000 130,000 1,875 2,000 560 1,120 1,521 2,000 215 430 130,000 140,000 1,890 2,000 565 1,130 1,557 2,000 225 450 140,000 150,000 1,900 1 2,000 1 570 1,140 1,593 2,000 235 470 (Continued) 1-351 APPENDIX VI-F 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-F-5-AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS-(Continued) As Revised and Approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives-June 199114 DISTANCES IN FEET x 304.8 for mm Passenger Railways-Public Public Highways with Highways with Traffic Volume of QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE Traffic Volume of less than more than 3,000 MATERIALS1,2,3,4,15 Inhabited Buildings9 3,000 Vehicles per Day Vehicles/Day10,11 Separation of Magaziness,12 Pounds Not Pounds Over Over 0.454 for kg Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarricaded 150,000 160,000 1,935 2,000 580 1,160 1,629 2,000 245 490 160,000 170,000 1,990 2,000 590 1,180 1,662 2,000 255 510 170,000 180,000 2,010 2,000 600 1,200 1,695 2,000 265 530 180,000 190,000 2,030 2,010 605 1,210 1,725 2,000 275 550 190,000 200,000 2,055 2,030 610 1,220 1,755 2,000 285 570 200,000 210,000 2,055 2,055 620 1,240 1,762 2,000 295 590 210,000 230,000 2,100 2,100 635 1,270 1,836 2,000 315 630 230,000 250,000 2,155 2,155 650 1,300 1,890 2,000 335 670 250,000 275,000 2,215 2,215 670 1,340 1,950 2,000 360 720 275,000 300,00013 2,275 2,275 690 1,380 2,000 2,000 385 770 1"Explosive materials"means explosives,blasting agents and detonators. 2"Explosives"means any chemical compound,mixture or device,the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. A list of explosives deter- mined to be within the coverage of 18 USC Chapter 40,Importation,Manufacturer,Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials,is issued at least annually by the director of the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury. For quantity and distance purposes,detonating cord of 50 grains per foot(10.7 g/m)should be calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds(3.6 kg)of high explosives per 1,000 feet(304.8 m). Heavier or lighter core loads should be rated proportionately. 3"Blasting agents"means any material or mixture,consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting,not otherwise defined as an explosive,provided that the finished product,as mixed for use or shipment,cannot be detonated by means of a No.8 test blasting cap when unconfined. 4"Detonator"means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator may not contain more than 10 grams of total explosives by weight,excluding ignition or delay charges. The term includes,but is not limited to,electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay types, blasting caps for use within safety fuses,detonating cord delay connectors,and nonelectric instantaneous and delay blasting caps which use detonating cord, shock tube or any other replacement for electric leg wires. All types of detonators in strengths through No.8 cap should be rated at 11/2 pounds(0.68 kg)of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No.8 cap,consult the manufacturer. 5"Magazine"means any building,structure or container,other than an explosives manufacturing building,approved for the storage of explosive materials. 6"Natural barricade"means natural features of the ground such as hills,or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures which require protection cannot be seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves. 7"Artificial barricade"means an artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 feet(914.4 mm). 8 Barricaded"means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or other building,railway or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any side wall of the building containing explosive materials to the eave line of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet(3657.6 mm)above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such barrier. 9"Inhabited building"means a building regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings,or any church,schoolhouse,railroad station,store or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble,except any building or structure occupied in connection with the manufacture,transportation,storage or use of explosive materials. 10"Railway"means any steam,electric or other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire. I I"Highway"means any public street,public alley or public road. 12When two or more storage magazines are located on the same property,each magazine must comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited build- ings,railways and highways,and in addition,they should be separated from each other by not less than the distances shown for"Separation of Magazines,"except that the quantity of explosive materials contained in detonator magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said detonator magazines from magazines con- taining other explosive materials. If any two or more magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified"Separation of Magazines"distances,then such two or more magazines,as a group,must be considered as one magazine,and the total quantity of explosive materials stored in such group must be treated as if stored in a single magazine located on the site of any magazine of the group,and must comply with the minimum of distances specified from other magazines, inhabited buildings,railways and highways. t 3Storage in excess of 300,000 pounds(136 077.6 kg)of explosive materials in one magazine is generally not required for commercial enterprises. 14This table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of commercial explosive materials. It is not applicable to transportation of explosives or any handling or temporary storage necessary or incidental thereto. It is not intended to apply to bombs,projectiles or other heavily encased explosives. 15When a manufacturing building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive materials,such building shall be located from inhabited buildings,public highways and passenger railways in accordance with Table A-VI-F-5 based on the maximum quantity of explosive materials permitted to be in the building at one time. NOTE:The American Table of Distances(Table A-VI-F-5)is reprinted by permission of the Institute of Makers of Explosives with the provision that the entire table, complete with all explanatory footnotes,be printed. 1-'352 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-F TABLE A-VI-F-6-TABLE OF RECOMMENDED SEPARATION DISTANCES OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND BLASTING AGENTS FROM EXPLOSIVES OR BLASTING AGENTS1,6 MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE OF ACCEPTOR WHEN BARRICADED2 DONOR WEIGHT (feet) MINIMUM THICKNESS OF ARTIFICIAL BARRICADES5 Pounds Over Pounds Not Over x 304.8 for mm (inches) x 0.454 for kg Ammonium Nitrate3 Blasting Agent4 x 25.4 for mm 100 3 11 12 100 300 4 14 12 300 600 5 18 12 600 1,000 6 22 12 1,000 1,600 7 25 12 1,600 2,000 8 29 12 2,000 3,000 9 32 15 3,000 4,000 10 36 15 4,000 6,000 11 40 15 6,000 8,000 12 42 20 8,000 10,000 13 47 20 10,000 12,000 14 50 20 12,000 16,000 15 54 25 16,000 20,000 16 58 25 20,000 25,000 18 65 25 25,000 30,000 19 68 30 30,000 35,000 20 72 30 35,000 40,000 21 76 30 40,000 45,000 22 79 35 45,000 50,000 23 83 35 50,000 55,000 24 86 35 55,000 60,000 25 90 35 60,000 70,000 26 94 40 70,000 80,000 28 101 40 80,000 90,000 30 108 40 90,000 100,000 32 115 40 100,000 120,000 34 122 50 120,000 140,000 37 133 50 140,000 160,000 40 144 50 160,000 180,000 44 158 50 180,000 200,000 48 173 50 200,000 220,000 52 187 60 220,000 250,000 56 202 60 250,000 275,000 60 216 60 275,000 300,000 64 230 60 I Recommended separation distances to prevent explosion of ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate-based agents by propagation from nearby stores of high explosives or blasting agents referred to in Table A-VI-F-6 as the"donor."Ammonium nitrate,by itself,is not considered to be a donor when applying Table A-VI-F-6.Ammonium nitrate,ammonium nitrate-fuel oil or combination thereof are acceptors.If stores of ammonium nitrate are located within the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives or blasting agents,one-half the mass of the ammonium nitrate should be included in the mass of the donor. 2When the ammonium nitrate or blasting agent is not barricaded,the distances shown in Table A-VI-F-6 shall be multiplied by six.These distances allow for the possibility of high velocity metal fragments from mixers,hoppers,truck bodies,sheet metal structures,metal containers and the like which may enclose the"do- nor."Where storage is in bullet-resistant magazines recommended for explosives or where the storage is protected by a bullet-resistant wall,distances and barri- cade thicknesses in excess of those prescribed in Table A-VI-F-5,Footnote 7,are not required.For construction of bullet-resistant magazines,see Article 77. 3The distances in Table A-VI-F-6 apply to ammonium nitrate that passes the insensitivity test prescribed in the definition of ammonium nitrate fertilizer promulgated by the Fertilizer Institute(Definitions and Test Procedures for Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer,Fertilizer Institute 1964);and ammonium nitrate failing to pass said test shall be stored at separation distances determined by competent persons and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. 4These distances apply to blasting agents which pass the insensitivity test prescribed in regulations of the United States Department of Transportation and the United States Department of the Treasury,Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms. 5Earth,or sand dikes,or enclosures filled with the prescribed minimum thickness of earth or sand are acceptable artificial barricades.Natural barricades,such as hills or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures which require protection cannot be seen from the"donor"when the trees are bare of leaves,are also acceptable. 6For determining the distances to be maintained from inhabited buildings,passenger railways and public highways,see Table A-VI-F-5(High Explosives and Blast- ing Agents)or Table A-VI-F-7(Low Explosives). 1-353 APPENDIX VI-F 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-F-7 TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF LOW EXPLOSIVES LOW EXPLOSIVES(pounds) FROM PUBLIC FROM INHABITED BUILDING RAILROAD AND HIGHWAY DISTANCE FROM ABOVEGROUND MAGAZINE x 0.454 for kg DISTANCE(feet) (feet) (feet) Over Not Over x 304.8 for mm 0 1,000 75 75 60 1,000 5,000 115 115 75 5,000 10,000 130 130 100 10,000 20,000 180 180 225 20,000 30,000 215 215 145 30,000 40,000 235 235 155 40,000 50,000 250 250 165 50,000 60,000 260 260 175 60,000 70,000 270 270 185 70,000 80,000 300 300 190 80,000 90,000 325 325 195 90,000 100,000 350 350 200 100,000 200,000 375 375 250 200,000 300,000 400 400 300 1-354 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-F TABLE A-VI-F-8-DISTANCES FOR THE OPEN BURNING OF EXPLOSIVES1 MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET x 304.8 for mm QUANTITY OF Passenger Railways and Public Highways EXPLOSIVES2,3,4,5 Public Highways with Traffic Volume of with Traffic Volume more than 3,000 (Not Over) Inhabited Buildingss less than 3,000 Vehicles per Day10 Vehicles per Day1e,11 Pounds Missile Hazard Missile Hazard Missile Hazard Separation From No Missile without No Missile without without Other Open Burning x 0.454 for kg Hazard Barricade6,7,8 Hazard Barricade5,7,8 No Missile Hazard Barricade5,7,8 Units 10 90 180 35 70 64 128 8 20 110 220 45 90 81 162 10 50 150 300 60 120 110 220 14 75 170 340 70 140 127 254 15 100 190 380 75 150 139 278 16 250 255 510 105 210 189 378 23 500 320 640 130 260 238 476 29 1,000 400 800 160 320 300 600 36 1,600 470 940 175 350 351 702 43 2,000 505 1,010 185 370 378 756 45 2,500 545 1,090 190 380 408 816 49 3,000 580 1,160 195 390 432 864 52 4,000 635 1,270 210 420 474 948 58 5,000 685 1,370 225 450 513 1,026 61 6,000 730 1,460 235 470 546 1,092 65 7,000 770 1,540 245 490 573 1,146 68 8,000 800 1,600 250 500 600 1,200 72 9,000 835 1,670 255 510 624 1,248 75 10,000 865 1,730 260 520 645 1,290 78 1This table is intended only for application of open burning of commercial explosive materials. The distances stated in this table should be measured from the center of the unit,except for separations from other open burning units,which are measured from the edge of the unit. Z"Explosive materials"means any explosive,slurry,emulsion,detonating cord,blasting agents and detonators. 3"Explosives"means any chemical compound,mixture or device,the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. A list of explosives deter- mined to be within the coverage of 18 U.S.C.Chapter 40,Importation,Manufacture,Distribution and Storage of Explosive Material,is issued at least annually by the director of the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury. For quantity and distance purposes,detonating cord of 50 grains per foot(10.7 g/m)should be calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds(3.6 kg)of high explosives per 1,000 feet(304.8 m). Heavier or lighter core loads should be rated proportionally. 4"Blasting agents"means any material or mixture,consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting,not otherwise defined as an explosive,provided the finished product,as mixed for use or shipment,cannot be detonated by means of a No.8 test blasting cap when unconfined. 5"Detonator"means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator may not contain more than 10 grams of total explosives by weight,excluding ignition or delay charges. The term includes,but is not limited to,electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay blasting caps which use detonating cord,shock tube or any other replacement for electric wires. All types of detonators in strengths through No.8 cap should be rated at 11/2 pounds(0.68 kg)of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No.8 cap,consult the manufacturer. 6"Natural barricade"means natural features of the ground,such as hills,or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves. 7"Artificial barricade"means an artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 feet(914.4 mm). 8"Barricaded"means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or other building,OB/OD site,railway or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosive materials to the cave line of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet(3657.6 mm)above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such a barrier. 9"Inhabited building"means a building,regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings,or any church,schoolhouse,railroad station,store,or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble. This does not mean any office,warehouse,production,laboratory or other buildings that are a part of the facility where the open burning or open detonation sites are located. 10"Highway"means any public street,public alley or public road. 11"Railway"means any steam,electric or other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire. 1-355 APPENDIX VI-F 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-F-9-DISTANCES FOR THE OPEN DETONATION OF EXPLOSIVES1 MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET x 304.8 for mm Passenger Railways and Public QUANTITY OF Public Highways with Traffic Highways with Traffic Volume of EXPLOSIVES2,3,4,5 Volume of less than 3 000 Vehicles more than 3,000 Vehicles per Separation from Other Open (Not Over) Inhabited Buildings per Day tb Dayto'tt Detonation Units Pounds Missile Hazard Missile Hazard Missile Hazard Missile Hazard No Missile without No Missile without No Missile without No Missile without x 0.454 for kg Hazard Barricade6•7,8 Hazard Barricade6,7,8 Hazard Barricade6j,8 Hazard Barricade6,7,8 1 730 730 325 325 480 480 6 12 2 920 920 410 410 600 600 6 12 5 1,250 1,250 550 550 820 820 6 12 10 1,600 1,600 695 695 1,030 1,030 8 16 20 1,990 1,990 875 875 1,295 1,295 10 20 50 2,700 2,700 1,190 1,190 1,760 1,760 14 28 75 3,080 3,080 1,360 1,360 2,015 2,015 15 30 100 3,400 3,400 1,500 1,500 2,220 2,220 16 32 150 3,900 3,900 1,715 1,715 2,535 2,535 19 38 200 4,275 4,275 1,890 1,890 2,795 2,795 21 42 300 4,900 4,900 2,160 2,160 3,200 3,200 24 48 400 5,400 5,400 2,380 2,380 3,520 3,520 27 54 500 5,800 5,800 2,560 2,560 3,790 3,790 29 58 ]Table A-VI-F-9 is intended only for application of open detonation of commercial explosive materials. The distances stated in Table A-VI-F-9 should be measured form the center of the unit,except for separations from other open detonation units,which are measured from the edge of the unit. Z"Explosive materials"means any explosive,slurry,emulsion,detonating cord,blasting agents and detonators. 3"Explosives"means any chemical compound,mixture or device,the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. A list of explosives deter- mined to be within the coverage of 18 U.S.C.Chapter 40,Importation,Manufacture,Distribution and Storage of Explosive Material,is issued at least annually by the director of the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury. For quantity and distance purposes,detonating cord of 50 grains per foot(10.7 g/m)should be calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds(3.6 kg)of high explosives per 1,000 feet(304.8 m). Heavier or lighter core loads should be rated proportionally. 4"Blasting agents"means any material or mixture,consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting,not otherwise defined as an explosive,provided the finished product,as mixed for use or shipment,cannot be detonated by means of a No.8 test blasting cap when unconfined. 5"Detonator"means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator may not contain more than 10 grams of total explosives by weight,excluding ignition or delay charges. The term includes,but is not limited to,electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay blasting caps which use detonating cord,shock tube or any other replacement for electric wires. All types of detonators in strengths through No.8 cap should be rated at 11/2 pounds(0.68 kg)of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No.8 cap,consult the manufacturer. 6"Natural barricade"means natural features of the ground,such as hills,or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves. 7"Artificial barricade"means an artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 feet(914.4 mm). $`Barricaded"means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or other building,OB/OD site,railway or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosive materials to the eave line of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet(3657.6 mm)above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such a barrier. 9"Inhabited building"means a building,regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings,or any church,schoolhouse,railroad station,store,or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble. This does not mean any office,warehouse,production,laboratory or other buildings that are a part of the facility where the open burning or open detonation sites are located. 10"Highway"means any public street,public alley or public road. 11«Railway"means any steam,electric or other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire. 1-356 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-G APPENDIX VI-G CRYOGENIC FLUIDS WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS TABLE A-VI-G-I-WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS FOR COMMON CRYOGENIC FLUIDS VOLUME OF GAS AT 70°F(21.1°C)AND 14.7 PSIA WEIGHT OF LIQUID OR GAS VOLUME OF LIQUID AT NORMAL BOILING POINT (101.3 kPa) CRYOGEN Pounds Kilograms Liters Gallons Cubic Feet Cubic Meters argon 1.000 0.454 0.326 0.086 9.67 0.274 2.205 1.000 0.718 0.190 21.32 0.604 3.072 1.393 1.000 0.264 29.71 0.841 11.628 5.274 3.785 1.000 112.45 3.184 10.340 4.690 3.366 0.889 100.00 2.832 3.652 1.656 1.189 0.314 35.31 1.000 helium 1.000 0.454 3.631 0.959 96.72 2.739 2.205 1.000 8.006 2.115 213.23 6.038 0.275 0.125 1.000 0.264 26.63 0.754 1.042 0.473 3.785 1.000 100.82 2.855 1.034 0.469 3.754 0.992 100.00 2.832 0.365 0.166 1.326 0.350 35.31 1.000 hydrogen 1.000 0.454 6.409 1.693 191.96 5.436 2.205 1.000 14.130 3.733 423.20 11.984 0.156 0.071 1.000 0.264 29.95 0.848 0.591 0.268 3.785 1.000 113.37 3.210 0.521 0.236 3.339 0.882 100.00 2.832 0.184 0.083 1.179 0.311 35.31 1.000 oxygen 1.000 0.454 0.397 0.105 12.00 0.342 2.205 1.000 0.876 0.231 26.62 0.754 2.517 1.142 1.000 0.264 30.39 0.861 9.527 4.321 3.785 1.000 115.05 3.250 8.281 3.756 3.290 0.869 100.00 2.832 2.924 1.327 1.162 0.307 35.31 1.000 nitrogen 1.000 0.454 0.561 0.148 13.80 0.391 2.205 1.000 1.237 0.327 30.43 0.862 1.782 0.808 1.000 0.264 24.60 0.697 6.746 3.060 3.785 1.000 93.11 2.637 7.245 3.286 4.065 1.074 100.00 2.832 2.558 1.160 1.436 0.379 35.31 1.000 LNG1 1.000 0.454 1.052 0.278 22.968 0.650 2.205 1.000 2.320 0.613 50.646 1.434 0.951 0.431 1.000 0.264 21.812 0.618 3.600 1.633 3.785 1.000 82.62 2.340 4.356 1.976 4.580 1.210 100.00 2.832 11.501 5.217 1.616 0.427 35.31 1.000 1The values listed for liquefied natural gas(LNG)are"typical"values.LNG is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases,and no two LNG steams have exactly the same composition. To use the above table,read horizontally across the line of inter- If other quantities are of interest,the numbers obtained can be est.For example,to determine the number of cubic feet of gas con- multiplied or divided to obtain the quantity of interest.For exam- tained in 1.0 gallons(3.785 L)of liquid argon,find 1.000 in the ple,to determine the number of cubic feet of argon gas contained column entitled "Volume of Liquid at Normal Boiling Point." in a volume of 1,000 gallons(3785 L)of liquid argon at its normal Reading across the line under the column entitled"Volume of Gas boiling point,multiply 112.45 by 1,000 to obtain 112,450 cubic at 70°F (21.1°C) - cubic feet' the value of 112.45 cubic feet feet(3184 m3). (3.184 m )is found. 1-357 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-H APPENDIX VI-H REFRIGERANT GROUPS AND PROPERTIES The following information is provided as reference information for application of Article 63. (See Sections 6302, 6307, 6319 and 8002.3.) TABLE A-VI-H-I—REFRIGERANT HAZARD CATEGORIES AND HAZARD SIGNALS CHEMICAL ABSTRACT CHEMICAL NAME SERVICE HAZARD DEGREES OF REFRIGERANT CHEMICAL FORMULA (COMPOSITION FOR BLENDS) NUMBER CATEGORIES1 HAZARD2 R-11 CC13F trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 OHH 2-0-0 3 R-12 CC12F2 dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 R-22 CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 R-113 CCI2FCC1F2 1,1,2-tichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 76-13-1 OHH 2-0-0 3 R-114 CCIF2CC1F2 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane 76-14-2 CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 R-123 CHC12CF3 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane 306-83-2 OHH 2-0-0 3 R-134a CH2FCF3 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 811-97-2 CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 R-401A zeotrope R-22/152a/124(53/13/34) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 53% CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 13% C113CHF2 1,1-difluoroethane 75-37-6 34% CHCIFCF3 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 2837-89-0 R-401B zeotrope R-22/152a/124(61/11/28) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 61% CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 11% C143CHF2 1,1-difluoroethane 75-37-6 28% CHCIFCF3 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 2837-89-0 R-401C zeotrope R-22/152a/124(33/15/52) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 33% CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 15% C113CHF2 1,1-difluoroethane 75-37-6 52% CHCIFCF3 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 2837-89-0 R-402A zeotrope R-125/290/22(60/2/38) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 60% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 2% CH3C1-12CH3 propane 74-98-6 38% CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 R-402B zeotrope R-125/290/22(38/2/60) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 38% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 2% C113CH2CH3 propane 74-98-6 60% CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 R-404A zeotrope R-125/1.43a/134a(44/52/4) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 44% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 52% CH3CF3 1,1,1-trifluoroethane 420-46-2 4% CH2FCF3 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 811-97-2 R-407A zeotrope R-32/125/134a(20/40/40) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 20% CH2F2 difluoromethane 75-10-5 40% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 40% CH2FCF3 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 811-97-2 R-407B zeotrope R-32/125/134a(10/70/20) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 10% CH2172 difluoromethane 75-10-5 70% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 20% CH2FCF3 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 811-97-2 R-407C zeotrope R-32/125/134a(23/25/52) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 23% CH2F2 difluoromethane 75-10-5 25% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 52% CH2FCF3 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 811-97-2 R-407D zeotrope R-32/125/134a(15/15/70) CG,OHH 2-0-03 15% CH2F2 difluoromethane 75-10-5 15% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 70% CH2FCF3 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 811-97-2 R-408A zeotrope R-125/143a/22(7/46/47) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 7% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 46% C113CF3 1,1,1-trifluoroethane 420-46-2 47% CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 (Continued) 1-359 APPENDIX VI-H 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-H-I—REFRIGERANT HAZARD CATEGORIES AND HAZARD SIGNALS—(Continued) CHEMICAL ABSTRACT CHEMICAL NAME SERVICE HAZARD DEGREES OF REFRIGERANT CHEMICAL FORMULA (COMPOSITION FOR BLENDS) NUMBER CATEGORIES1 HAZARDZ R-409A zeotrope R-22/124/142b(60/25/15) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 60% CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 25% CHCIFCF3 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 2837-89-0 15% CH3CCIF2 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 75-68-3 R-409B zeotrope R-22/124/142b(65/25/10) CG,OHH 2-0-03 65% CHCIF2 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 25% CHCIFCF3 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 2837-89-0 10% CH3CCIF2 1-chloro-1,l-difluoroethane 75-68-3 R-410A zeotrope R-32/125(50/50) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 50% CH2F2 difluoromethane 75-10-5 50% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 R-410B zeotrope R-32/125(45/55) CG,OHH 2-0-03 45% CH2F2 difluoromethane 75-10-5 55% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 R-500 azeotrope R-12/152a(73.8/26.2) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 73.8% CC12F2 dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 26.2% CH3CHF2 1,1-difluoroethane 75-37-6 R-502 azeotrope R-22/115(48.8/51.2) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 48.8% CHCI172 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 51.2% CCI172CF3 1-chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane 76-15-3 R-507A azeotrope R-125/143a(50/50) CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 50% CHF2CF3 pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 50% CH3CF3 1,1,1-tifluoroethane 420-46-2 R-508A azeotrope R-23/116(39/61) CG,OHH 2-0-03 39% CHF3 trifluoromethane 75-46-7 61% CF3CF3 hexafluoroethane 76-16-4 R-508B azeotrope R-23/116(46/54) CG,OHH 2-0-03 46% CHF33 trifluoromethane 75-46-7 54% CHF2CF3 hexafluoroethane 76-16-4 R-509A azeotrope R-22/218(44/56) CG,OHH 2-0-03 44% CHCI172 chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 56% CF3CF2CF3 octafluoropropane 76-19-7 R-717 NH3 ammonia 7664-41-7 CG,C,OHH 3-3-04 R-744 CO2 carbon dioxide 124-38-9 CG,OHH 2-0-0 3 1CG=Compressed gas.C=Corrosive.OHH=Other health hazard 213egrees of hazard are for health,fire,and reactivity,respectively,in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3. 3Reduction to 1-0-0 is allowed if analysis satisfactory to the chief shows that the maximum concentration for a rupture or full loss of refrigerant charge would not exceed the IDLH,considering both the refrigerant quantity and room volume. 4For installations that are entirely outdoors,use 3-1-0. 1-360 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-I APPENDIX VI-I UNIT CONVERSION TABLES SI SYMBOLS AND PREFIXES BASE UNITS Quantity Unit Symbol Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Electric current Ampere A Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin K Amount of substance Mole mol Luminous intensity Candela cd SI SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS Quantity Unit Symbol Plane angle Radian rad Solid angle Steradian sr SI PREFIXES Multiplication Factor Prefix Symbol 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1018 exa E 1 000 000 000 000 000 = 1015 peta P 1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 tera T 1 000 000 000 = 109 giga G 1 000 000 = 106 mega M 1 000 = 103 kilo k 100 = 102 hecto h 10 = 101 deka da 0.1 = 10-1 deci d 0.01 = 10-2 centi c 0.001 = 10-3 milli m 0.000 001 = 10-6 micro It 0.000 000 001 = 10-9 nano n 0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 Pico p 0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10-75 femto f 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-18 atto a SI DERIVED UNIT WITH SPECIAL NAMES Quantity Unit Symbol Formula Frequency(of a periodic phenomenon) hertz Hz l/s Force newton N kg•m/s2 Pressure,stress pascal Pa N/m2 Energy,work,quantity of heat joule J N•m Power,radiant flux watt W J/s Quantity of electricity,electric charge coulomb C A•s Electric potential,potential difference, electromotive force volt V W/A Capacitance farad F CN Electric resistance ohm Q V/A Conductance siemens S AN Magnetic flux weber Wb V•s Magnetic flux density tesla T Wb/m2 Inductance henry H Wb/A Luminous flux lumen lm cd-sr Illuminance lux Ix Im/m2 Activity(of radionuclides) becquerel Bq 1/s Absorbed dose gray Gy J/kg 1-361 APPENDIX VI-I 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE CONVERSION FACTORS To convert to multiply by LENGTH 1 mile(U.S.statute) km 1.609 344 1 yd m 0.9144 1 ft m 0.3048 mm 304.8 1 in mm 25.4 AREA 1 mile2(U.S.statute) km2 2.589 998 1 acre(U.S.survey) ha 0.404 6873 m2 4046.873 1 yd2 1112 0.836 1274 1 ft2 m2 0.092 903 04 1 in2 mm2 645.16 VOLUME,MODULUS OF SECTION l acre ft m3 1233.489 1 yd3 m3 0.764 5549 100 board ft 1113 0.235 9737 1 ft3 m3 0.028 316 85 L(dm3) 28.3168 1 in3 mm3 16 387.06 mL(cm3) 16.3871 1 barrel(42 U.S.gallons) 1113 0.158 9873 (FLUID)CAPACITY 1 gal(U.S.liquid)* L** 3.785 412 1 qt(U.S.liquid) mL 946.3529 1 pt(U.S.liquid) mL 473.1765 1 fl oz(U.S.) mL 29.5735 1 gal(U.S.liquid) m3 0.003 785 412 *1 gallon(UK)approx.1.2 gal(U.S.) **1 liter approx.0.001 cubic meters SECOND MOMENT OF AREA 1 in4 mm4 416 231 4 m4 416 2314 x 10-7 PLANE ANGLE 1°(degree) rad 0.017 453 29 mrad 17.453 29 1'(minute) urad 290.8882 1"(second) urad 4.848 137 VELOCITY,SPEED 1 ft/s m/s 0.3048 1 mile/h km/h 1.609 344 m/s 0.44704 VOLUME RATE OF FLOW 1 ft3/s m3/s 0.028 316 85 1 ft3/min L/s 0.471 9474 1 gal/min L/s 0.063 0902 1 gal/min m3/min 0.0038 1 gal/h mL/s 1.05150 1 million gal/d L/s 43.8126 1 acre ft/s m3/s 1233.49 TEMPERATURE INTERVAL 1°F °C or K 0.555 556 5/9 C=5/9K EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE(tad=TK—273.15) toF toC t°F=9/5toC+32 (Continued) 1-362 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-I CONVERSION FACTORS—(Continued) To convert to multiply by MASS 1 ton(short***) metric ton 0.907 185 kg 907.1847 1 lb kg 0.453 5924 1 oz g 28.349 52 ***1 long ton(2,2401b) kg 1016.047 MASS PER UNIT AREA 1 lb/ft2 kg/m2 4.882 428 1 oz/yd2 g/m2 33.905 75 1 oz/ft2 g/m2 305.1517 DENSITY(MASS PER UNIT VOLUME) 1 Ib/ft3 kg/m3 16.01846 1 lb/yd3 kg/m3 0.593 2764 1 ton/yd3 t/m3 1.186 553 FORCE 1 tonf(ton-force) kN 8.89644 1 kip(1,000 Ibf) kN 4.44822 1 Ibf(pound-force) N 4.44822 MOMENT OF FORCE,TORQUE 1 lbf•ft N•m 1.355 818 1 Ibf•in N•m 0.112 9848 1 tonf•ft kN•m 2.71164 1 kip•ft kN•m 1.35582 FORCE PER UNIT LENGTH 1 Ib(Jft N/m 14.5939 1►bf/in N/m 175.1268 1 tonf/ft kN/m 29.1878 PRESSURE,STRESS,MODULUS OF ELASTICITY(FORCE PER UNIT AREA)(1 Pa=1 N/m2) 1 tonf/in2 MPa 13.7895 1 tonf/ft2 kPa 95.7605 1 kip/in2 MPa 6.894 757 1 Ibf/in2 kPa 6.894 757 1 Ibf/ft2 Pa 47.8803 Atmosphere kPa 101.3250 1 inch mercury kPa 3.37685 1 foot(water column at 32°F) kPa 2.98898 WORK,ENERGY,HEAT(1J=1N•m=1 Ws) 1 kWh(550 fhlbf/s) MJ 3.6 1 Btu(Int.Table) kJ 1.055 056 J 1055.056 1 ft•lbf J 1.355 818 COEFFICIENT OF HEAT TRANSFER 1 Btu/(ft2•h•*F) I W/(m2•K) 5.678 263 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 1 Btu/(fhh•°F) I W/(m•K) 1.730 735 ILLUMINANCE 1 Im/ft2(footcandle) Ix(lux) 10.763 91 LUMINANCE 1 cd/ft2 cd/m2 10.7639 1 foot lambert cd/m2 3.426 259 1 lambert kcd/m2 3.183 099 1-363 APPENDIX VI-I 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE GAGE CONVERSION TABLE APPROXIMATE MINIMUM THICKNESS(inch/mm)FOR CARBON SHEET STEEL CORRESPONDING TO MANUFACTURER'S STANDARD GAGE AND GALVANIZED SHEET GAGE NUMBERS CARBON SHEET STEEL GALVANIZED SHEET Decimal and Nominal Recommended Minimum Decimal and Nominal Recommended Minimum Manufacturer's Standard Thickness Equivalent Thickness Equivalents Galvanized Sheet Thickness Equivalent Thickness Equivalents Gage No. (Inch) (mm)z (Inch) (mm)z Gage No. (Inch) (mm)2 (inch) (mm)z 8 0.1644 4.17 0.156 3.46 8 0.1681 4.27 0.159 4.04 9 0.1495 3.80 0.142 3.61 9 0.1532 3.89 0.144 3.66 10 0.1345 3.42 0.127 3.23 10 0.1382 3.51 0.129 3.23 11 0.1196 3.04 0.112 2.84 11 0.1233 3.13 0.114 2.90 12 0.1046 2.66 0.097 2.46 12 0.1084 2.75 0.099 2.51 13 0.0897 2.28 0.083 2.11 13 0.0934 2.37 0.084 2.13 14 0.0747 1.90 0.068 1.73 14 0.0785 1.97 0.070 1.78 15 0.0673 1.71 0.062 1.57 15 0.0710 1.80 0.065 1.65 16 0.0598 1.52 0.055 1.40 16 0.0635 1.61 0.058 1.47 17 0.0538 1.37 0.050 1.27 17 0.0575 1.46 0.053 1.35 18 0.0478 1.21 0.044 1.12 18 0.0516 1.31 0.047 1.19 19 0.0418 1.06 0.038 0.97 19 0.0456 1.16 0.041 1.04 20 0.0359 0.91 0.033 0.84 20 0.0396 1.01 0.036 0.91 21 0.0329 0.84 0.030 0.76 21 0.0366 0.93 0.033 0.84 22 0.0299 0.76 0.027 0.69 22 0.0336 0.85 0.030 0.76 23 0.0269 0.68 0.024 0.61 23 0.0306 0.78 0.027 0.69 24 0.0239 0.61 0.021 0.53 24 0.0276 0.70 0.024 0.61 25 0.0209 0.53 0.018 0.46 25 0.0247 0.63 0.021 0.53 26 0.0179 0.45 0.016 0.41 26 0.0217 0.55 0.019 0.48 27 0.0164 0.42 0.014 0.36 27 0.0202 0.51 0.017 0.43 28 0.0149 0.38 0.013 0.33 28 0.0187 0.47 0.016 0.41 29 0.0172 0.44 0.014 0.36 30 0.0157 0.40 0.013 0.33 tThe thickness of the sheets set forth in the code correspond to the thickness shown under these columns.They are the approximate minimum thicknesses and are based on the following references: Carbon sheet steel-Thickness 0.071 inch and over: ASTM A 568-74,Table 3,Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet (Carbon Steel). Carbon sheet steel-Thickness less than 0.071 inch: ASTM A 568-74,Table 23,Thickness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High Strength Low Alloy). Galvanized sheet steel-All thicknesses: ASTM A 525-79,Table 4,Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Dip Galvanized Sheet. Minimum thickness is the difference between the thickness equivalent of each gage and the maximum negative tolerance for the widest rolled width. zThe Sl equivalents are calculated and rounded to two significant figures following the decimal point. 1-364 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDEX INDEX A Definition .............................................. 202 ABANDONMENT Exit marking......................................... 1212.7 APARTMENT HOUSE,definition .......................... 202 Tanks of flammable or combustible liquids .............. 7902.1.7 � ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS .................. Article 2 APPEALS.................................... 103.1.4, 103.4.2 A ACCESS,FIRE DEPARTMENT APPLIANCES Electrical .............:........... ................ Article 85 Building openings,to .................................. 902.3 Fire appliances ..................................... 2501.13 General ............................................... 902 Heating and cooking appliances,definition ................. 209 High-piled combustible storage ....................... 8102.6.2 Heat-producing ......:................................. 1107 Refrigeration systems .................................. 6306 Operating heating,lighting and cooking appliances .... 7903.2.1.4 Wrecking yards ........................................ 3404 Portable appliance,definition ............................. 202 ACCESS ROADS,FIRE APPARATUS Stationary appliances,definition........................... 202 Bridges ........................................... 902.2.2.5 APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES,general ... Article 45 Construction or demolition............................. 18704.2 Airport,heliports ..................................... 2401.5 Fire hydrants ........................................ 903.4.2 APPROVED,definition .................................... 202 General ............................................... 902 High-piled combustible storage ....................... 8102.6.1 AREA,definition ........................................ 202 Lumber yards ....................................... 3004.4 AREA SEPARATION WALLS,MAINTENANCE OF ........ 1111.1 Obstruction and control ............................... 902.2.4 l ASBESTOS,removal of ,................ Outdoor carnivals and fairs .............................. 2504 •.......•••••••• 8707 Temporary membrane structures,tents and canopies ... Article 32 ASHTRAYS ......................................... 2501.12 Wrecking yards ........................................ 3404 ASPHALT KETTLES ....................... 202,1105,8704.13 ACCUMULATION OF COMBUSTIBLES ASSEMBLY definition 202 Flammable and combustible liquid storage areas,in '....:7902.1.E ASSEMBLY,PLACES OF: ADMINISTRATION .................................. Article 1 (see also PLACES OF ASSEMBLY) ................. Article 25 ADOPTION OF UNIFORM FIRE CODE(see page xxv) ATRIUM FURNISHINGS .............................. 1103.3.4 AEROSOL PRODUCTS ............................. Article 88 ATTIC,STORAGE ................................. 1103.3.2.5 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems ............ 8802.1.6,8803 AUTHORITY Cartons.....................................8801.5,8802.2.5 At fires and other emergencies.......................... 104.1 Draft curtains ........................................ 8803.3 g Hose connections ................................... 8803.2.4 Of fire personnel ................................... 103.2.1.2 In-rack sprinklers 8803.2.3 Of police personnel ................................ 103.2.1.2 Storage and retail displays .............................. 8802 AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS Aisles................................... 8802.2.6,8802.4.7 Aerosols ...........................................8802.1.6 Alarms .................................. 8802.1.8,8802.4.4 General ...............:.............................. 1003 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems ................. 8802.1.6 High-piled combustible storage .............. 8102.4,Table 81-A Basement storage ................................. 8802.1.5 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Containers .............................. 8802.1.2,8802.2.4 (see SPRINKLER SYSTEM) Packaging ........................................ 8802.1.3 Quantity AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS ................... Article 34 Limited storages ........................ 8802.3.2,8802.4.3 Burning operations ..................................... 3409 Retail display areas ..................... 8802.2.2,8802.2.3 Fire apparatus access to roads .......................... 3404 Warehouse storage ..............................8802.4.3 Tires ................................................. 3408 Segregation ...................................... 8802.3.3 Welding and cutting .................................... 3405 Shelf storage ..................................... 8802.1.4 Storage cabinets .................................. 8802.1.7 g Warehouses ....................................... 8802.4 AIR BAG SYSTEMS................................... 3410.4 BALCONIES AIRPORTS,HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS............ Article 24 Definition .............................................. 203 Fire escapes .......................................... 1205 Aircraft,motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station,definition ...... 214 BARBECUE tee RECREATIONAL FIRES and COMMERCIAL Application of flammable finishes ....................... 2401.5 BARBECU PITS) Bonding and grounding ..................... 2402.2.3,2402.8.2 Cleaning parts ....................................... 2401.6 BARREL,definition ...................................... 203 Clearance ...................................I...... 2403.2 BARRIERS............................................. 1208 Combustible storage ................................ 2401.12 BASEMENT PIPE INLETS 1005 Construction of aircraft refuelers 2402.2....................... Dispensing flammable and combustible liquids ........... 2401.3 BATTERY SYSTEMS,STATIONARY LEAD ACID Dispensing hoses and nozzles ........................ 2402.2.5 Installation and maintenance ............................ 6404 Drip pans ........................................... 2401.7 Neutralization ........................................ 6404.5 AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES .................... Article 32 Occupancy separation ................................ 6404.3 AISLES Permits ............................................... 6403 Safety venting :...................................... 6404.2 Aerosol products........................... 8802.2.6,8802.4.7 Seismic protection ................................... 6404.8 Assembly occupancies .............. 2501.9,2501.14,2502.4.4 Signs............................................... 6404.7 Baled storage ......................................... 2805 Smoke detection ..................................... 6404.9 General .............................................. 1204 Spill control ......................................... 6404.4 High-piled combustible storage .............. 8101.6.3,8102.10 Ventilation .......................................... 6404.6 Liquid storage rooms ........................... 7902.5.11.2.4 BIN BOX......................................... 203,8103.1 Mall buildings.......................................... 3504 ALTER AND ALTERATION,definition...................... 202 BLASTING AGENTS(see also EXPLOSIVES) . Article 77,7703.4, 7703.5,8003.2 A ALTERNATE MATERIALS AND METHODS .... 103.1.2, 103.1.2.1 BOARD OF APPEALS 103.1.4 ................................ AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES BOILING POINT,definition ............................... 203 (see also EXPLOSIVES) .......................Table A-VI-F-5 BOND AMMUNITION ........................................ 7704.1 For explosives ....................................... 7701.4 AMUSEMENT BUILDING .......................... 1007.2.12.1 For fireworks display ................................7802.4.3 1-365 INDEX 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE BONDING AND GROUNDING CHIMNEYS Aircraft refueler units ................................ 2402.8.2 Spark arresters ...................................... 1109.7 Container filling(flammable and combustible liquids) ..... 7901.10 CHRISTMAS TREES ............................ Appendix IV-B Cryogenic........................................... 7501.7 Dry-cleaning equipment.............................. 3603.13 CITATIONS............................. 103.4.4,Appendix VI-D Eliminating static accumulation ....................... 7901.10 CLASSIFICATION Flammable cryogenic fluids............................ 7501.7 Flammable and combustible liquids.................... 7901.1.2 Loading and unloading tank vehicles Hazardous materials ................................ 8001.1.2 and tank cars ........................ 7904.5.2.3,7904.5.3.3, Refrigerants ........................................... 6302 7904.6.3.4,7904.6.3.13 CLEANING Organic coating equipment .............................. 5012 After fumigation ........................................ 4709 Powder coating ...................................... 4505.3 Parts in aircraft hangars .............................. 2401.6 Tank vehicle loading racks .............. 7904.5.2.3,7904.5.3.3, With flammable and combustible liquids ....... 7903.1.2,7903.2.2 Vessels(use,dispensing and mixing of 7904.6.3.4,7904.6.3.13 CLEARANCES flammable and combustible liquids) ................ 7903.2.1.3 Of combustibles to LP-gases ............................ 8209 BOWLING ALLEYS ................................. Article 26 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS............................. Article 28 Alley resurfacing and refinishing ......................... 2603 Baled storage ......................................... 2805 Pin-refinishing rooms ................................... 2604 Definition .............................................. 204 BRIDGES(see also ACCESS ROADS, Dust-collection system .................................. 2807 FIRE APPARATUS) 902.2.2.5 Loose storage ......................................... 2804 Storage bins,,definition .................................. 204 BUILDING CODE Storage of agricultural products .......................... 2806 Definition .............................................. 203 Storage rooms,definition................................. 204 Reference tables............................... Appendix VI-E Storage vaults,definition ................................. 204 BUILDING OFFICIAL,definition ........................... 203 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID(see also FLAMMABLE BUILDINGS,definition ................................... 203 AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS),definition ................ 204 Bulk plants .......................................... 7904.4 COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS ............................ 1103 Construction,alteration and demolition ........ 103.3.3,Article 87 Accumulation of rubbish and vegetation ................. 1103.2 High rise,existing ............................... Appendix I-B Combustible decorative materials ..................... 1103.3.3 Sealing of ............................................. 4707 Handling ..................................... 1103.2,1103.3 Unsafe ............................................. 103.4.5 Open flame ......................................... 1109.3 Vacant ............................................... 1110 Storage............................................. 1103.3 Well drilling ...................................... 7904.3.2.3 Attics .......................................... 1103.3.2.5 BULK OXYGEN SYSTEMS .......................... 8004.1.14 Buildings ....................................... 1103.3.3.2 Concealed spaces ............................... 1103.3.2.5 BULK PLANTS ....................................... 7904.4 Outside ...............:.......................... 1103.3.5 Buildings .......................................... 7904.4.2 Underfloor...................................... 1103.3.2.5 Definition .............................................1 203 COMMERCIAL BARBECUE PITS....................... 1102.5 Drainage control .................................... 7904.4.8 Fire protection ...................................... 7904.4.9 COMMERCIAL COOKING OPERATIONS .................. 1006 Ignition sources..................................... 7904.4.7 COMMERCIAL RUBBISH HANDLING OPERATIONS .... 1103.2.3 Loading and unloading facilities ..................... 7904.4.6.6 COMPRESSED GASES Means of egress .................................. 7904.4.2.2 Cylinders 7401.4 Storage............................................ 7904.4.4 Y ........................................... Ventilation ......................................... 7904.4.3 Definition .............................................. 204 Wharves...........................................7904.4.6 Flammable .......................................... 8003.5 For inflation ........................................ 7403.1.9 BULLET RESISTANT,definition ........................... 203 General 7401 Storage magazines ................................. 7702.3.4 Medical gass stems .. 7404 BURNING OPERATIONS Oxidizing .............:............................. 8003.6 Automobile wrecking yards .............................. 3409 Sources of ignition .................................. 7401.8.8 Commercial barbecue pits............................. 1102.5 Storage............................................... 7402 Incinerators........................................ 1102.2 Toxic and highly toxic Open burning ...................................... 1102.3 Storage ........................................... 8003.3 Recreational fires................................... 1102.4 Use............................................ 8004.2.3.7 Incinerators and open burning,general.................... 1102 Use and handling ...................................... 7403 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS MOTOR VEHICLE C FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS ......................... 5204 CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE CABINETS (flammable and combustible liquids) ............... Article 79 Flammable liquid storage ............................7902.5.9 Control areas,in ...................................7902.5.10 Hazardous materials ...............................8001.10.6 Design,construction and installation requirements ... 7902.1.8.1.1 CANDLES Dry-cleaning plants................................... 3603.8 Use ........................................ 1109.8,2501.17 Empty containers .......................... 7902.3.9.7902.5.3 CANOPIES(see TEMPORARY MEMBRANE General ............................................ 7902.1 STRUCTURES,TENTS AND CANOPIES) Inside of buildings .................................... 7902.5 Liquid storage rooms ............................... 7902.5.11 CARCINOGENS ................................. 204,8003.15 Liquid storage warehouses ..........................7902.5.12 CARGO TANK,definition................................. 204 Organic coating manufacturing........................... 5005 Outside of buildings .................................. 7902.3 CARNIVALS,outdoor ................................... 2504 Plastic......................................... 7902.1.8.1.3 CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM ....... Article 33 Portable fire extinguishers........................ 7902.5.1.2.1 Buildings .......... 3303 Quantity limits ......................................7902.5.7 Storage and handling 3304 Semiconductor fabrication facilities .................... 5101.7.1 9 9 ................................... Spray finishing CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS.................... Article 27 t Y g .....•.....••. •.•••..••••...••••.. 02.5.9 Definition 204 Storage cabinets.................................... 7902.5.9 ".""'.""'..""".""'.""'.""".." CONTAINERS(cryogenicfluids 7502 Display of plastics...................................... ..... 2704 Fire-protection equipment ............................... 2706 Aboveground ........................................ 7503.1 Sources of ignition ..................................... 2707 Approval of.......................................... 7501.5 Storage and handling ................................... 2705 Design,construction and testing ....................... 7502.1 CHANGES IN USE OR OCCUPANCY OF BUILDINGS .. 103.3.2.3 Markings ... . ................................ 7501. Pressure-relief deevicevice s ............................... 7502.2 CHIEF,definition ........................................ 204 Pressure-relief vent piping............................. 7502.3 1-366 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE INDEX CONTAINERS(general) Location of operations ................................ 4503.1 Belowground,definition .................................. 203 Operations and maintenance .......................... 4503.6 Closed,definition ....................................... 204 Sources of ignition ................................... 4503.5 Cryogenic fluids ..................................... 7501.5 Storage and handling of flammable liquids ............... 4503.4 Definition(flammable and combustible liquids) .......... 7901.2.2 Ventilation .......................................... 4503.2 LP-gas,location ....................................... 8204 DISPENSING CONTAINMENT PALLETS Areas(for cryogens) .................................. 7501.9 Flammable and combustible liquids ..................... 7901.8 CNG motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations................ 5204 Hazardous materials ................................ 8003.1.3 Flammable and combustible liquids CONTROL AND INVESTIGATION OF Airports ...................................2401.3,2402.2.5 7903 EMERGENCY SCENES ................................. 104 General buildings .................................... 03.2 Inside of buildings .................................. 7903.2 CONTROL AREAS ............................. 204,8001.10.2 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ............... Article 52 CONVERSION OIL BURNER,definition .................... 204 Outside ........................................... 7903.3 Use,dispensing and mixing rooms ................... 7903.2.3 COOKING EQUIPMENT LP-gas motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations .............. 5203 Heating and cooking appliance,definition .................. 209 DISTILLERIES(see REFINERIES) Tents ................................................. 3216 DOORS(see also MEANS OF EGRESS, CORROSION PROTECTION Obstructions)................................... 1203, 1207 (flammable and combustible liquids) Places of assembly 2501.8 For tank and piping .................................7902.6.15 DRAINAGE CONTROL Piping,valves and fittings ........................... 7901.11.3 Flammable and combustible liquids CORROSIVE,definition .................................. 204 Bulk plants 7904.4.8 Classification ......................... 8002.2.2,Appendix VI-A General ........................................... 7901.8 Examples ..................................... Appendix VI-A Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 Storage............................................ 8003.14 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 Use .................................................. 8004 Loading and unloading tank vehicles and tank cars... 7904.5.1.3 COVERED MALL BUILDINGS ........................ Article 35 On farms and construction sites ..................... 7904.2.6 CRUDE PETROLEUM,definition .......................... 204 Stationary aboveground tanks ....................... 7902.2.8 Terminals......................................... 7904.4.8 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS ....................... Article 75,8003.11 Use,dispensing and mixing Containers .......................................... 7501.4 Outside ......................... .... .......... 7903.3.2 Corrosion notification .............................. 7503.1.3.6 Rooms ......................... 7903.2.3.4.4,7903.2.3.5.4 Cryogenic fluid systems.............................. 7503.1.2 Hazardous materials Design and construction ........................... 7503.1.3.2 Storage ........................................ 8003.1.3.3 Electrical wiring and equipment ....................... 7501.10 Use,dispensing and handling Filling and dispensing................................. 7503.3 General......................................... 8004.1.4 Foundations and supports for containers 7501.4.4 Indoors .............................8004.2.2.5,8004.2.3.6 Handling ............................................ 7503.4 Outdoors ....................................... 8004.3.4 Identification signs .................................. 7501.7.2 DRY CLEANING .................................... Article 36 Indoor storage ....................................... 7502.2 Bonding and grounding .............................. 3603.12 Joints ........................................... 7503.1.3.3 Control of solvents ..................... 3601.5,3602.3,3603.8 Leaks,damage and corrosion ........................ 7501.13 Dry-cleaning units .................................... 3603.9 Lighting............................................ 7501.14 Drying tumblers and cabinets ......................... 3603.11 Marking ............................................ 7501.7 Electrical wiring and equipment ........................ 3603.7 Material specific requirements ......................... 7503.2 Equipment .......................................... 3602.2 Outdoor storage ..................................... 7502.3 Fire protection ....................................... 3601.6 Physical protection .................................. 7501.8.5 Fuel-burning equipment............................... 3603.6 Piping systems ..................................... 7503.1.3 Occupancy requirements ............................. 3603.4 Pressure-relief devices ............................... 7501.5 Plant classification ................................... 3601.4 Pressure-relief vent piping............................. 7501.6 Scouring,brushing and spotting ....................... 3603.13 Securing of containers ............................... 7501.8.3 Smoking ............................................ 3601.7 Security ............................................ 7501.8 Spotting operations .......................... 3602.4,3603.13 Separation from hazardous conditions .................. 7501.9 Stills .............................................. 3603.10 Service and repair .................................. 7501.11 System classification ................................. 3601.4 Storage............................................... 7502 Ventilation .......................................... 3603.5 Testing .......................................... 7503.1.3.7 DRYING OVENS(see OVENS) Unauthorized use ................................. 7501.12 Use and handling 7503 DUST,definition ......................................... 205 Valves and accessory equipment.................... 7503.1.3.4 DUST EXPLOSIONS,PREVENTION OF ............... Article 76 CURTAIN BOARDS ............................... 204,8102.8 Dust collection ................................... 2807,7604 CYLINDERS Electrical ............................................. 7606 Enclosures ............................................ 7602 Manifolding ............................... 4901.7.1,7403.1.2 Explosion control 7608 Securing ............................................ 7401.6 Grounding ............................................ 7606 Storage............................................... 7402 Housekeeping ......................................... 7605 Storage,use and handling(medical gases) ................ 7404 Open flames .......................................... 7607 Use and handling ...................................... 7403 Smoking .............................................. 7607 Separators ............................................ 7603 D DWELLING,definition ................................... 205 DECORATIVE MATERIALS,COMBUSTIBLE ........... 1103.3.3 Dwelling unit,definition .................................. 205 Atria .............................................. 1103.3.4 E DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................. Article 2 EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE(ESFR) DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS ........................ Article 87 SPRINKLER ................................ 206,8102,8103 DETACHED STORAGE ..............................8003.1.15 ELECTRICAL CODE,definition ........................... 206 DIPPING OPERATIONS ................................. 4503 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND WIRING ............. Article 85 Coating operations .................................. 4503.10 Abatement of electrical hazards .......................... 8504 Construction of ...................................... 4503.3 Access to switchboards and panelboards ................. 8509 Covers ............................................. 4503.8 Compressed gases .................................. 7401.9 Fire-extinguishing equipment .......................... 4503.7 Cryogenic liquids .................................... 7501.6 Hardening and tempering tanks ........................ 4503.9 Dry-cleaning facilities ................................. 3603.7 1-367 INDEX 1997 UNIFORM FIRE CODE Electrical motors ....................................... 8505 Automatic,definition ..................................... 202 Extension cords and flexible cords ....................... 8506 General requirements ................................ 1007.1 Flammable and combustible liquids ..................... 7901.4 False alarms ........................................ 1302.3 Fruit-ripening processes ................................ 4604 Maintenance ....................................... 1001.5.1 Hazardous materials ............................... 8001.11.4 Monitoring ....................................... 1007.3.3.6 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations .................. 5201.7 Obstruction ......................................... 1001.4 Multiplug adapters ..................................... 8507 Organic coating manufacturing facilities ................... 5013 Oil-burning equipment .................................. 6104 Out of service ............................. 1001.5.2, 1007.1.2 Organic coating manufacturing ........................... 5011 Plans............................................... 1001.3 Power taps............................................ 8508 Required installations................................. 1007.2 Semiconductor fabrication facilities .................... 5101.9.4 Standby personnel .................................. 1007.1.2 Spray finishing....................................... 4501.6 System design....................................... 1007.3 Temporary wiring ...................................... 8503 System failure ...................................... 1007.1.2 ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS(spray finishing) .......... 4504 Tampering .......................................... 1001.6 Controls .... 4504.2 Telephone dialing ............................... 1007.3.3.6.2 .................................. Testing ....... .... 1001.4, 1001.5.2 Equipment tyypepe .................... 4504.1 .......................... Guards ............................................ . 4504.3 FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS(see ACCESS ROADS) Location ............................................ 4504.1 FIRE APPLIANCE ................................... 1001.10 Maintenance ........................................ 4504.4 Assembly buildings.................................. 2501.13 Signs............................................... 4504.3 Definition .............................................. 207 Ventilation .......................................... 4504.5 Maintenance 1001.5,2501.13 ................................ EMERGENCY ESCAPES ................................ 1206 Tampering with ...................................... 1001.6 EMERGENCY PLANS AND PROCEDURES ............... 1303 Type required ...................................... 1001.10 EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING ........ 7902.2.6,Appendix VI-C FIRE ASSEMBLY Definition .............................................. 207 ENCLOSURE......................................... 1210.5 Identification ....................................... 1111.2.3 ENTRY,RIGHT OF .................................. 103.3.1.2 Maintenance ....................................... 1111.2.1 Obstruction ........................................ 1111.2.2 EXECUTIVE BODY,definition ............................. 206 Operation .......................................... 1111.2.2 EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE .........206,8003.3.1.3.3,8004.3.6.3 Testing ............................................ 1111.2.4 EXPLOSION CONTROL FIRE BARRIER Flammable and combustible liquids....... 7902.1.5,7903.2.3.4.3, Definition .............................................. 207 7903.2.3.5.3 Tampering with ...................................... 104.1.3 Hazardous materials ................................ 8003.1.7 FIRE DEPARTMENT(see also FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU) EXPLOSIVES ...................................... Article 77 Authority,general ..................................... 103.2 American Table of Distances ....................Table A-VI-F-5 Fire emergencies .................................... 104.1 Blasting agents ............................... 7703.4,7703.5 Personnel ....................................... 103.2.1.2 Bond ............................................... 7701.4 Police........................................... 103.2.1.2 Damaged material 7702.1.8 To inspect ....................................... 103.3.1.1 g """"""'.."'."""""""' ......................................... 103.4forcement Disposal .......................................... 7702.1.11 En Emergency procedures ............................... 7704.4 Inspection ........................................... 103.3 General requirements .................................. 7701 Interference ......................................... 104.1.2 Hazardous fire areas .................. Appendix II-A,Section 9 Organization ........................................ 103.2.2 FIRE DOORS see also DOORS EXITS and Intraplant separation .............................. 7704.5 ( Magazines ........................ .................. 7702.3 FIRE ASSEMBLY) Maintenance of magazines ..........................7702.1.13 Identification ....................................... 1111.2.3 Manufacturing,assembling and testing .................... 7704 Testing ............................................ 1111.2.4 Buildings .......................................... 7704.6 FIRE DRILLS ......................................... 1303.6 Equipment......................................... 7704.E FIRE EQUIPMENT,TAMPERING WITH .................. 1001.6 Intraplant separation ................................ 7704.5 Plans ............................................. 7704.2 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Prohibition ......................................... 7701.7 Airports,heliports and helistops ....................... 2401.13 Permits ....................................... 105.8,7701.3 Buildings under construction .......................... 8704.4.2 Powder,retail sales .................................. 7702.2 Carbon tetrachloride .................................. 1002.2 Retail sales ......................................... 7702.2 Chlorobromomethane 1002.2 ................................ Seizure ............................................. 7701.8 Commercial cooking operations ....................... 1006.2.7 Storage of explosives ............................ 7702,8003.2 Defective ............................................. 1002 Terminals ........................................... 7703.3 Dip tank ........................................... 4503.7.1 Training ............................................ 7704.3 Flammable and combustible liquids .................... 7901.5.3 Transportation ....................................... 7703.2 Food-processing equipment .......................... 1006.2.7 Use and handling of explosives ........................ 7703.1 General 1002 .............................................. EXTENSION CORDS .................................... 8506 Inverting ............................................ 1002.2 EXTRAHIGH RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE.......... 8104.5 Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ........... 5202.11 Outdoor carnivals and fairs .............................. 2504 Prohibited types ..................................... 1002.2 F Sale of defective ....................................... 1002 Soda acid ........................................... 1002.2 FABRICATION AREA(semiconductor facilities) Spray finishing...................................... 4502.8.2 H PM storage .......................................... 5102 Standards for........................................ 1002.1 Use and handling 5103 Tank vehicles ....................................... 7904.6.7 FAIRS Outdoor 2504 Vaporizing liquid ..................................... 1002.2 Where required ...................................... 1002.1 FALSE ALARMS.............................. 1007.1.2, 1302.3 Wood products .................................... Article 30 FEDERAL APPROVAL ................................ 2403.6 FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS .................... Article 10 FILM,CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE ...... Article 33 Alternate for access roadways ......................... 902.2.1 Approval ............................................ 1001.4 Buildings ............................................. 3303 Basements..................................... Appendix)-A Handling .............................................. 3304 Buildings under construction ........................... 1001.1 Storage............................................... 3304 Combustible fiber storage vaults ......................... 2803 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS ................................. 1007 Commercial cooking operations ........................ 1006.2 Annunciation ..................................... 1007.3.3.7 Concealment,obstruction and impairment ............... 1001.7 Apartments and hotels ............................... 1007.2.9 Corridor protection ..................... Appendices I-A and I-B Approval ............................................ 1001.4 Dipping operations ................................... 4503.7 1-368 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDEX Ducts,general ......................................... 1006 FIREWORKS(see also PYROTECHNIC Semiconductor fabrication ......................... 5101.11.5 SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL) .................... Article 78 Electrostatic spraying operations ....................... 4504.6 Bond .............................................. 7802.4.3 Existing buildings ...................... Appendices I-A and I-B Display operations .................................. 7802.4.9 Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 7901.5 Displays ............................................ 7802.4 Container and portable tanks inside buildings........ 7902.5.1.2 Electrical firing units ................................. 7802.4.6 Liquid storage room...................... 7901.5,7902.5.11.5 General ............................................ 7802.1 Liquid storage warehouse ................ 7901.5,7902.5.12.5 Ground pieces...................................... 7802.4.5 Stationary tanks ................................... 7902.2.4 Hazardous fire areas ................. Appendix II-A,Section 10 Tank supports .................................. 7902.1,14.4 Inspection ....................................... 7802.4.4.3 Use,dispensing and mixing rooms ........ 7901.5,7903.2.3.2.3 Mortars ............................................ 7802.4.4 Wholesale and retail sales areas ............... 7902.5.10.2.4 Permits Flammable finishing Displays........................................... 7801.3 Dipping operations.................................. 4503.7 Manufacturing ..................................... 7801.3 Electrostatic spraying ............................... 4504.6 Pyrotechnic operator ................................ 7802.4.2 Organic peroxide coating ............................ 4506.2 Supervision ........................................ 7802.4.8 .Powder coating .................................... 4505.9 FLAME RETARDANT Spraying operations ................................ 4502.8 Definition .............................................. 207 General ...... ................................. ... 1003 Tents,canopies and membranes ......................... 3207 Hazardous materials ................................ 8003.1.E FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS High-piled combustible storage ........................ 8102.4 High-rise buildings .............................. Appendix I-B Abandonment of tanks ...............................7902.1.7 Magnesium storage .................................... 4808 Aboveground tanks Maintenance ........................................ 1001.5 Anchorage ......................................7902.1.14 Obstruction . 1001.7 Diking............................................ 7902.2.8 Organic peroxide coating.............................. 4506.2 Disposal ..................................... 7902.1.7.4.2 Permissible omissions ................................ 1003.4 Drainage control................................... 7902.2.8 Powder coating operations ............................ 4505.9 Foundations .....................................7902.1.14 Protection of commercial cooking operations............... 100E Installation........................................ 7902.1.8 Required installations................................. 1003.2 Openings other than vents ................ 7902.1.13,7902.2.7 Semiconductor fabrication facilities .................... 5101.11 Out of service Special hazards ..................................... 1001.9 90 days..................................... 7902.1.7.3.2 Standards for installation ............................. 1003.1.2 One year ................................... 7902.1.7.3.3 Tampering with ..................................... 1001.6 Outside of buildings,stationary ....................... 7902.2 Testing ................................ 1001.4,Appendix III-C Removal ....................................... 7902.1.7.4 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases............. 8003.3.1.2 Seismic design of supports and connections .........7902.1.10 Ventilating hoods ...................................... 1006 Supports ........................................7902.1.14 FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS.................... Appendix III-A Temporarily out of service ...................... 7902.1.7.3.1 Vents FIRE HAZARDS Emergency...................................... 7902.2.6 Definition ...... 207 Normal ............................ 7902.1.11,7902.1.11.8 Unlawful continuance of............................... 103.4.4 Accumulation of combustibles ........................ 7 902.1.6 Use stopped 103.4.1.3 Basement storage ............................... 7902.5.11.6 PPBonding FIRE HYDRANT see also FIRE APPLIANCE ulklof vessels als ............................ 790790 .4 ( ) Bulk plants or terminals ............................... 7904.4 Approval ............................................ 1001.4 Cabinets(see storage cabinets) General .................................... ... ... 903.4.1 Change of tank contents ............................. 7902.1.2 Identification .................................901.4.3,1001.8 Cleaning with ....................................... 7903.2.2 Location and distribution ................ 903.4.2,Appendix III-B Clearance from combustibles Maintenance ....................... 903.4.1.2,903.4.4,1001.5 Containers and portable tanks.......................7902.3.7 Markers ..................................... 901.4.3,1001.8 Closure of mixing or blending vessels................ 7903.2.1.2 Obstruction ................................ 903.4.1.3, 1001.7 Construction requirements ............................ 7901.6 Tampering with ........................... 903.4.1.3,1001.6.2 Use,mixing and dispensing rooms ................. 7903.2.3.2 Testing ............................................. 1001.4 Construction sites,storage and dispensing on ........... 7904.2 Use ................................................ 903.4.4 Container-filling facilities for Class I liquids.............. 7903.1.4 FIRE MARSHAL .................................... 103.2.2.2 Containers Capacity .........................................7902.1.8 FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU Construction ...................................... 7902.1.8 (see also FIRE DEPARTMENT) ..................... 103.2.2.1 Design ........................................... 7902.1.8 FIRE PREVENTION ENGINEER ...................... 103.2.2.2 Exempt amounts for control areas ................... 7902.5.7 Plastic ....................................... 7902.1.8.1.3 C FIRE PROTECTION(see also Quantity limits for storage........................... 7902.5.7 A FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS) ... Article 10,Appendix III-AA Shelf storage ..................................... 7902.5.6 FIRE REPORTING ...................................... 1302 Storage inside buildings ............................. 7902.5 Storage outside of buildings.......................... 7902.3 FIRE RESISTIVE(see also FLAME RETARDANT) Containment pallets .... .... .... ............... 8003.1.3.4 Construction,definition .................................. 207 Cooking appliances using Class I liquids ............. 7903.2.1.4 Construction,maintenance of ......................1111.1,1112 Corrosion protection for tanks........................7902.6.15 Rating,definition ........................................ 207 Degreasing(see Listed and approved machines) FIRE SAFETY Diking On farms and construction sites ..................... 7904.2.E Alterations ............................................ 8705 Dispensing ............................................ 7903 Approvals............................................. 8703 From tank vehicles Construction .......................................... 8704 On farms and construction sites.................... 7904.2.8 Demolition ............................................ 8706 Inside buildings .................................... 7903.2 Precautions,general ................................ Article 9 Outside buildings ................................... 7903.3 FIRE WATCH ......................................... 8706.6 Drainage control .................................... 8003.1.3 Bulk plants or terminals ............................7904.4.8 FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Containers and portable tanks.......................7902.3.4 Approval ............................................ 1001.4 Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 Identification ........................................ 901.4.3 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 Maintenance of ...................................... 1001.5 On farms and construction.sites ..................... 7904.2.6 Marking of ........................................... 901.4 Use,mixing and dispensing Obstruction of ....................................... 1001.7 Inside rooms and buildings ........ 7903.2.3.4.4,7903.2.3.5.4 Tampering with ...................................... 1001.6 Outside of buildings .............................. 7903.3.2 Testing ............................................. 1001.4 Electrical ........................................... 7901.4 1-369 INDEX 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Empty containers and tanks ................. 7902.3.9,7902.5.3 Containers and portable tanks....................... 7902.3.4 Exempt amounts for control areas Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 Storage ........................................ 7902.5.7.1 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 Use,dispensing and mixing ..................... 7903.2.1.6.1 Underground tanks ............................... 7902.6.11 Explosion control Use,mixing and dispensing Storage areas......................... 7902.1.5,7902.5.11.7 Inside rooms and buildings ........ 7903.2.3.4.4,7903.2.3.5.4 Use,mixing and dispensing rooms Security and buildings .................... 7903.2.3.4.3,7903.2.3.5.3 Containers and portable tanks....................... 7902.3.5 Farms,storage and dispensing on...................... 7904.2 Tank car loading racks ........................... 7904.5.3.6 Fire extinguishers Tank vehicle loading racks ........................ 7904.5.2.6 On farms and constructions sites .................... 7904.2.7 Seismic design of tank supports......................7902.1.10 Fire protection ....................................... 7901.5 Separation from incompatible materials ................7902.1.6 Bulk plants or terminals ............................ 7904.4.9 Shelf storage ....................................... 7902.5.6 Containers and portable tanks inside buildings....... 7902.5.1.2 Signs.......................................7901.9,7902.1.3 Liquid storage rooms .......................... 7902.5.11.5 Site requirements .................................... 7901.6 Liquid storage warehouses ..................... 7902.5.12.5 Smoking ......................................... 7902.1.3.1 Wholesale and retail sales occupancies ........ 7902.5.10.2.4 Tank car loading racks ........................... 7904.5.3.5 Loading and unloading tank vehicles and cars ....... 7904.5.1.2 Tank vehicle loading racks ........................ 7904.5.2.5 Stationary tanks outside of buildings ................. 7902.2.4 Sources of ignition ......................... 7901.10,7902.1.4 Fittings ............................................ 7901.11 Special operations ..................................... 7904 Flexible joints...................................... 7901.11.7 Bulk plants or terminals ............................. 7904.4 General .............................................. 7901 Loading and unloading of tank vehicles and cars........ 7904.5 Gravity discharge from tanks Storage and dispensing on farms and construction sites . 7904.2 On farms and construction sites ................. 7904.2.5.5.3 Well drilling and operating ........................... 7904.3 Handling Spill control ......................................... 7901.8 Outside of buildings................................. 7903.3 Containers and portable tanks....................... 7902.3.4 Heating Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 Appliances using Class I liquids ................... 7903.2.1.4 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5,12.3 Bulk plants or terminals .......................... 7904.4.2.3 On farms and construction sites ..................... 7904.2.6 Hoses,in liquid transfer operations .................. 7903.1.3.4 Use,mixing and dispensing Ignition,source of ................................... 7901.10 Inside rooms and buildings ........ 7903.2.3.4.4,7903.2.3.5.4 Bulk plants or terminals ............................ 7904.4.7 Outside of buildings .............................. 7903.3.2 Incompatible materials............................... 7902.5.4 Stairs ............................................7902.1.15 Labeling .................................. 7901.9,7902.1.3.2 Static protection Leak detection for tanks ............................7902.6.12 Tank car loading racks ........................... 7904.5.3.3 Linings,of tanks ................................ 7902.1.8.2.9 Tank vehicle loading racks ........................ 7904.5.2.3 Liquid storage cabinets .............................. 7902.5.9 Status of tanks ..................................... 7902.1.7 Liquid storage rooms ............................... 7902.5.11 Storage............................................... 7902 Liquid storage warehouses ..........................7902.5.12 In control areas ..................................7902.5.10 Liquid transfer ......................................7903.1.3 Storage cabinets(see Liquid storage cabinets) ..........7902.5.9 Loading and unloading tank vehicles and cars ......... 7904.5.4 Storage rooms(see Liquid storage rooms) Listed and approved machines...................... 7903.2.2.3 Tank cars Loading and unloading of tank vehicles and cars ......... 7904.5 Loading and unloading .............................. 7904.5 Loading racks . Loading racks..................................... 7904.5.3 Tank car.......................................... 7904.5.3 Use as storage tanks .............. 7902.1.8.1.2,7902.1.8.2.2 Tank vehicle ...................................... 7904.5.2 Tank vehicles........................................ 7904.6 Location Loading and unloading .............................. 7904.5 Containers and portable tanks on property ............ 7902.3.3 Loading racks..................................... 7904.5.2 Processing vessels ..................... 7903.2.1.5,7903.3.4 Operation of ....................................... 7904.6 Tanks,on farms and construction sites ............. 7904.2.5.4 Use as storage tanks .............. 7902.1.8.1.2,7902.1.8.2.2 Use,mixing and dispensing Tanks(see also aboveground,portable and underground tanks) Rooms inside buildings ......................... 7903.2.3.2 Acceptance testing ............................ 7902.1.8.2.5 Outside of buildings .............................. 7903.3.3 Anchorage ......................................7902.1.14 Maintenance and operation of equipment............... 7902.5.8 Construction sites,location on..................... 7904.2.5.4 Mixing(see Use) Corrosion protection ..............................7902.6.15 Occupancy quantity limits Farms,location on ............................... 7904.2.5.4 Storage ........................................ 7902.5.7.2 Foundations .....................................7902.1.14 Use,dispensing and mixing ..................... 7903.2.1.6.2 Leak detection ...................................7902.6.12 Open flames ..................................... 7902.1.3.1 Lining ........................................ 7902.1.8.2.9 Parts cleaning(see Listed and approved machines) Locations subject to flooding .................... 7902.1.8.2.4 Permits ............................................ 7901.3.1 Openings other than vents .........................7902.1.13 Pipe joints ........................................ 7901.11.8 Portable Piping ................................... 7901.11,7903.1.3.4 Emergency venting............................... 7902.3.9 Wharves at bulk plants or terminals ................ 7904.4.6.5 Pressure limitations ............................ 7902.1.8.2.3 Placards ......................................... 7902.1.3.2 Product compatibility ........................... 7902.1.8.2.6 Plans.............................................. 7901.3.2 Seismic design ...................................7902.1.10 Platforms .........................................7902.1.15 Stationary,aboveground,inside buildings .............. 7902.4 Portable fire extinguishers........... 7902.5.1.2.1,7902.5.11.5.2 Stationary,aboveground,outside of buildings........... 7902.2 Portable tanks Supports ........................................7902.1.14 Capacity ..................................... 7902.1.8.1.1 Testing ..........................................7902.6.16 Construction ...................................... 7902.1.8 Underground ...................................... 7902.6 Design ........................................... 7902.1.8 Vents Storage Emergency vents ...................... 7902.1.12,7902.2.6 Outside of buildings ............................... 7902.3 Normal vents ................................... 7902.1.11 Inside buildings ................................... 7902.5 Transfer ........................................... 7903.1.3 Powered industrial truck operation.................:... 7901.12 Unauthorized releases ................................ 7901.7 Protection from vehicles Underground tanks................................... 7902.6 Containers and portable tanks....................... 7902.3.6 Abandonment in place ......................... 7902.1.7.2.4 Quantity limits Corrosion protection ..............................7902.6.15 For use inside buildings .......................... 7903.2.1.6 Depth and cover .................................. 7902.6.4 Refineries........................................... 7904.7 Disposal ..................................... 7902.1.7.4.2 Retail sales ..................................... 7902.5.10.2 Leak detection ...................................7902.6.12 Rooms for using,mixing and dispensing liquids in Leaking tanks ..................................... 7902.6.8 quantities in excess of exempt amounts ..............7903.2.3 Lining ...........................................7902.6.10 Secondary containment............................... 7901.8 Location.......................................... 7902.6.3 1-370 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDEX Openings other than vents ............. 7902.1.13,7902.1.13.2 General ........................................... 4505.2 Out of service Location...................................4505.2,4505.8.2 90 days..................................... 7902.1.7.2.2 Maintenance....................................... 4505.6 one year .................................... 7902.1.7.2.3 Operations ........................................ 4505.6 Overfill protection.................................. 7902.6.5 Smoking ......................................... 4505.6.4 Reinstallation ................................. 7902.1.7.2.5 Sources of ignition .................................. 4505.3 Removal ....................................... 7902.1.7.4 Ventilation .......................................... 4505.4 Secondary containment ........................... 7902.6.11 Smoking ............................................ 4501.4 Temporarily out of service ...................... 7902.1.7.2.1 Spot painting ................................. 4502.1,4502.6 Testing ..........................................7902.6.16 Spray finishing......................................... 4502 Usedtanks ....................................... 7902.6.9 Ducts ............................................. 4502.5 Vents Electrical wiring and equipment...................... 4502.4.3 Emergency vents ...................... 7902.1.12,7902.2.6 Heating equipment ................................ 4502.4.2 Normal vents ....................... 7902.1.11,7902.1.11.9 Hot surfaces ...................................... 4502.4.2 Use .................................................. 7903 Limited spraying areas .............................. 4502.6 Inside buildings .................................... 7903.2 Liquid storage,use and handling ..................... 4502.7 Outside buildings ................................... 7903.3 Location........................................... 4502.1 Valves............................................ 7901.11.4 Sources of ignition ........•.......................... 4502.4 In liquid transfer operations ....................... 7903.1.3.4 Spray booths ...................................... 4502.2 Ventilation Clear space ....................•................. 4502.2.8 Bulk plants or terminals ............................ 7904.4.3 Construction ..................................... 4502.2 In use,mixing and dispensing Definition ........................................... 220 rooms/buildings.................. 7903.2.3.4.2,7903.2.3.5.2 Exits ..........................................4502.2.10 Vents Filters ........................................... 4502.3 Emergency venting of tanks............... 7902.1.12,7902.2.6 Light fixtures .................................... 4502.2.9 Normal venting of tanks ........................:.. 7902.1.11 Separation ...................................... 4502.2.7 Walkways.........................................7902.1.15 Ventilation ....................................... 4502.5 Warehouses(see Liquid storage warehouses) Spraying area .......................................... 220 Weather protection Spraying room .......................................... 220 Containers and portable tanks....................... 7902.3.8 Touch-up painting .................................... 4502.1 Well drilling and operating ............................. 7904.3 Ventilation .......................................... 4502.5 Wharves at bulk plants or terminals.................... 7904.4.6 Welding warning signs................................ 4501.4 Wholesale sales uses ............................ 7902.5.10.2 FLAMMABLE GAS....................................... 207 FLAMMABLE ANESTHETIC,definition .................... 207 FLAMMABLE SOLID,definition ........................... 207 FLAMMABLE FINISHES,APPLICATION OF ........... Article 45 Storage............................................. 8003.5 Airport,heliports ..................................... 2401.5 FLASH POINT,definition ................................. 207 Coating operations .................................. 4503.10 FLEXIBLE JOINTS.................................. 7901.11.7 Dipping operations ..................................... 4503 Coating operations ................................ 4503.10 FLOATS,PARADE ...................................... 1104 Fire-extinguishing equipment......................... 4503.7 FLOOR AREA,definition ................................. 207 Liquid handling ...................................... 4503.4 FLOOR FINISHES AND COVERINGS Liquid storage...................................... 4503.4 (see INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH) Location........................................... 4503.1 Maintenance ....................................... 4503.7 FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING ................. 2502 Operations ........................................ 4503.6 FRUIT-RIPENING PROCESSES ...................... Article 46 Sources of ignition .................................. 4503.5 Electrical equipment .................................... 4604 Tanks Heating4605 Construction ..................................... 4503.3 eying ......................................... Covers .......................................... 4503.8 Housekeeping ......................................... 4602 Hardening and tempering 4503.9 Illumination.......................................... 4604.2 9 P 9 .......................... Permits .......:....................................... 4602 Ventilation ......................................... 4503.2 Scope ................................................ 4601 Drying ............................................. 4502.10 Sources of ignition 4606 Dual component coating(see ORGANIC .'.•••••••.'.'.. '.'••'''''''...'••' PEROXIDES AND DUAL COMPONENT COATINGS) Use of ethylene ........................................ 4603 Electrical wiring and equipment ........................ 4501.6 FUEL BREAK,definition ................................. 207 Electrostatic apparatus ................................. 4504 FUEL OIL Barriers ........................................... 4504.3 Definition 207 .............................................. Construction ...................................... 4504.1.3 Grade 6106.4 .............................................. Controls........................................... 4504.2 Burners ............................................. 6105 Drip plates........................................4504.4.2 FUELING AND DEFUELING ......................... Article 24 Emergency shutdown ..............................4504.2.2 Fueling and defuelin 2402 Fire protection ..................................... 4504.E Bonding and grounding 2402.8.2 General 4504.1.1 9 9 9••••••••��•�•�••••••••••••••• ''''...'..'''''''''''''''.'...•'•••'''.. Construction of aircraft refuelers and accessories ....... 2402.2 Guards............................................ 04.1.3 Grounding cables.................................. 2402.2.3 Location nce....................................... 450 .4 Loading and unloading 2402.7 Maintenance....................................... 4504.4 9 9 .............................. Signs ............................................ 4504.3.2 Passengers........................................ 2402.9 Ventilation ......................................... 4504.5 Protection of electrical equipment .................... 2402.2.6 Electrostatic fluidized beds ............................ 4505.8 Protection of hoses ................................. 2402.4 Fire extinguishers .................................... 4502.8 Pumps ........................................... 2402.2.4 Fire protection ....................................... 4502.8 Qualified operators ................................. 2402.3 Fixed electrostatic spraying equipment ...................4505.7 Refueling equipment ............................... 2402.1.2 Maintenance Transfer apparatus ................................ 2402.2.2 Filters............................................. 4502.3 Transfer personnel ................................ 2402.8.3 General ........................................... 4502.9 Venting .......................................... 2402.2.7 Operations .......................................... 4502.9 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL Powder coating ........................................ 4505 INSECTICIDAL FOGGING .......................... Article 47 Construction ....................................... 4505.2 Breathing apparatus .................................... 4705 Curing equipment .................................. 4505.5 Carbon disulfide ....................................... 4711 Drying equipment................................... 4505.5 Cleanup .............................................. 4709 Electrostatic equipment Fumigant,definition ..................................... 207 Fixed spraying.................................... 4505.7 Hydrogen cyanide...................................... 4711 Fluidized beds .................................... 4505.8 Notification ............................................ 4704 Fire protection ..................................... 4505.9 Sealing of building ..................................... 4707 Fusion equipment .................................. 4505.5 Sources of ignition ..................................... 4703 1-371 INDEX 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE.CODE Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids ...................221,4710 Special limitations in storage Venting ............................................... 4709 Group A occupancies.......................... 8001.15.2.2 Warehouse fumigations ................................. 4704 Group B occupancies.......................... 8001.15.2.3 Warning signs ......................................... 4708 Group E occupancies.......................... 8001.15.2.4 Watch during fumigaticn ................................ 4706 Group F occupancies .......................... 8001.15.2.3 Group I occupancies .......................... 8001.15.2.5 G Group M occupancies ......................... 8001.15.2.3 Group R occupancies ......................... B001.15.2.6 GARAGES,repair .................................. Article 29 Group S occupancies.......................... 8001.15.2.3 General ... 2901 Group U occupancies ......................... 8001.15.2.7 Dispensing inside buildings .......................... 2901.4 Storage, Flammable and combustible liquids ................... 2901.3 Indoor ............ 8001.15,Tables 8001.15-A and 8001.15-B Liquids drained from vehicles ........................ 2901.6 Outdoor .......... 8001.15,Tables 8001.15-C and 8001.15-D Oily waste materials ...............................2901.7.3 Exhausted enclosures for toxic and Preparation of vehicles for repair ............... 2903.4 highly toxic gases ................. 8003.3.1.3.3,8004.2.3.7.3 Liquid-fueled and LPG-fueled vehicles ................. 2902 Explosion control .............. 8003.1.7,8004.2.2.4,8004.2.3.5 Mixed liquids ..................... .........2902.2.2 Explosives .......................................... 8003.2 Storage and handling of liquids .................... 2902.2 Facility closure plan ................................. 8001.13 Natural gas and hydrogen-fueled vehicles .............. 2903 Fire-extinguishing systems Gas detection system ............................ 2903.3 Dispensing or use areas,in .............8004.1.10,8004.2.2.3, Ventilation ...................................... 2903.2 8004.2.3.4,8004.3.3 Design 2903.2.2 Storage areas,in ..................................8003.1.6 ..................................... Smoking ........ .........2901.7.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases ........... 8003.3.1.2 ........................ Sources of ignition .................................. 2901.7 Fittings ............................................ 800 . Tanks ill control 2901.3.2 Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 8003.4 Ventilation ......................................... 2901.5 Flammable gases .................................... 8003.5 Welding .......................................... 2901.7.2 Container position for .............................8004.1.13 GARAGING,tank vehicles............................ 7904.6.6 Dispensing and use ............................... 8004.3. Fittings..............:.......................... 8001.4.3.44 GAS CABINETS ..................... 208,7404.2,8003.3.1.3.2, Flammable solids .................................... 8003.5 8004.2.3.7.2,8004.3.6.2 Floors,noncombustible .................... 8003.1.13,8004.1.3 GAS METERS AND PIPING,PROTECTION OF ............ 1106 Gas cabinets for toxic and highly toxic compressed gases ...... 8003.3.1.3.2,8004.2.3.7.2,8004.3.6.2 GAS ROOM ..................... 208,8003.3.1.3.4,8004.2.3.7.4 Gas detection ..............8003.3.1.6,8004.2.3.7.6,8004.3.6.5 GASES,COMPRESSED(see also Handling ...................................... 8001.12,8004 COMPRESSED GASES) ........................... Article 74 Highly toxic Toxic and highly toxic Compressed gases Storage ........................................... 8003.3 Storage of ....................................... 8003.3 Use............................................ 8004.2.3.7 Dispensing and use of ................. 8004.2.3.7,8004.3.6 GAS-FUELED VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT .............. 2505 Liquids and solids ................................. 8003.12 Incompatible materials GATES AND BARRIERS................................. 1208 Definition ............................................. 210 GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS ...................... 2502 Drain systems,in ................................ 8003.1.3.3 On carts and trucks ............................. 8001.12.3.7 GROUNDING(see BONDING AND GROUNDING) Retail or wholesale occupancy,in ................. 8001.14.3.8 GUEST,definition ....................................... 208 Separation of ........................... 8001.11.8,8003.1.5 C Inventory statement ................................8001.3.3a A Irritants ............................................ 8003.15 H Leaking toxic and highly toxic gas cylinders........... 8003.3.3.3 HAZARDOUS FIRE AREAS Limit controls .................. 8001.10.6,8003.3.1.5,8004.1.5 Material classification ............ 8001.1.2,8002,Appendix VI-A Control of ..................................... Appendix 11-A Material safety data sheets ............................ 8001.6 Definition .............................................. 209 Organic peroxides ................................... 8003.7 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS .......................... Article 80 Other health hazards ................................ 8003.15 Blasting agents ...................................... 8003.2 Oxidizers ........................................... 8003.6 Bulk oxygen systems ...............................8004.1.14 Oxidizing gases...................................... 8003.6 Carcinogens ....................................... 8003.15 Dispensing and use................................. 8004.3.8 Classification by hazard.................... 8002,Appendix VI-A Fittings......................................... 8001.4.3.4 Clearance from combustibles ........................8003.1.12 Oxygen systems,bulk ..............................8004.1.14 Construction requirements ........................... 8001.10 Out of service facilities ............................... 8001.13 Containers Permits ............................................. 8001.3 Defective .........................................8001.4.7 Personnel training.................................. 8001.11.1 Design and construction of.......................... 8001.4.2 Piping ............................................. 8001.4.3 Empty ........................................... 8001.4.6 Processes .......................................... 8001.4 Containment pallets ............................... 8003.1.3.4 Protection from vehicles ............................ 8001.11.3 Contamination of oxidizers ......................... 8003.6.1.9 Pyrophoric gases .................................... 8003.8 Control areas ........................................ 8001.2 Dispensing and use ................................ 8004.3.9 Corrosives ......................................... 8003.14 Fittings......................................... 8001.4.3.4 Cryogenic fluids .................................... 8003.11 Pyrophoric materials ................................. 8003.8 Cylinders Radioactive materials................................ 8003.13 Defective .........................................8001.4.7 Releases ........................................... 8001.5 Design and construction of.......................... 8001.4.2 Retail storage and display................... 8001.1.5,8001.14 Detached storage ..................................8003.1.15 Secondary containment.................... 8003.1.3,8004.1.4, Dispensing ............................................ 8004 8004.2.2.5,8004.2.3.6,8004.3.4 Drainage control ................ 8003.1.3,8004.1.4,8004.2.2.5, Security .......................................... 8001.11.2 8004.2.3.6,8004.3.4 Signs..................................... 8003.1.2,8004.1.8 Electrical wiring and equipment ...................... 8001.11.4 Silane ............................................8004.1.16 Emergency alarm ......................... 8003.1.10,8004.4.3 Smoke detection ...................... 8003.3.1.7,8004.2.3.7.7 Emergency power........................ 8003.3.1.4,8004.1.6 Sources of ignition ............. .. ....... ..... 8001.9 Emergency shutoff for flammable,oxidizing Spill control .................... 8003.1.3,8004.1.4,8004.2.2.5, and pyrophoric gases .............................8004.1.12 8004.2.3.6,8004.3.4 Equipment .......................................... 8001.4 Standby power ............................ 8003.1.8,8004.1.6 Exempt amounts Static accumulation ................................ 8001.11.5 Dispensing,use and handling ....................... 8001.15 Storage............................................. 8003.1 Retail or wholesale sales occupancy,in............... 8001.14 Storage cabinets...................................8001.10.6 1-372 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDEX Supervision .............................. 8003.1.11,8004.1.7 HOTEL,definition ....................................... 209 Systems ............................................ 8001.4 HOUSEKEEPING Tanks Flammable and combustible liquids.................... 7901.7.2 Defective ......................................... 8001.4.7 HYDRANT(see FIRE HYDRANT) Design and construction of.......................... 8001.4.2 Empty ........................................... 8001.4.6 Installation of ..................................... 8001.4.5 Out of service ..................................... 8001.4.7 IGNITION,CONTROL OF SOURCES OF .................. 1109 Toxic Bulk plants and terminals ............................ 7904.4.7 Compressed gases Cellulose nitrate plastics 2707 Storageof ....................................... 8003.3 P ................................ Dispensing and use of ................. 8004.2.3.7,8004.3.6 Dipping operations ................................... 4503.5 Liquids and solids 8003.12 Explosives ............................•• 7�0 . , 7 03.11 1 ,. Transfer,liquid.....................................8004.1.15 Transportation ...................................... 8001.12 Flammable liquid storage ............................ 7902.1.4 Treatment systems for toxic and highly Flammable vapors .................................. 7901.10 toxic gases ............. 8003.3.1.3.5,8004.2.3.7.5,8004.3.6.4 Fruit-ripening processes ................................ 4606 Tubing ................. 8001.4.3 Fumigation ............................................ 4703 .rized discharges Garages ............................................ 2901.7 Unauthorized discharges............................. 8001.5.2 Unstable(reactive)materials .......................... 8003.9 Hazardous materials 80 Storage ............................................. 8003 Use ............................................... 8004 Use,dis dispensing and mixing ......... 8004 Valves............................................. 01.4.3 LP-gas ..... .9....................................... 8208 Ventilation Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations .................. 5201.7 Dispensing or use areas,in ... 8004.1.11,8004.2.2.2,8004.2.3.3 Organic peroxide manufacturing ........... Storage areas,in .................................. 8003.1.4 s ........• 4506.2 Toxic and highly toxic gases .......... 8003.3.1.3,8004.2.3.7.1 Organic peroxides and dual component coatings ......... 4506.E Water-reactive solids and liquids ...................... 8003.10 Powder coating ...................................... 4502.2 Spray Weather protection .................................8003.1.14 Use,dispen dispensing mixing ...................... 03.2.4 Wholesale storage and display 8001.14 Use,INATI N, and mixing rooms ....................... 12 1 9 P Y••••••••••••••••�����••• ILLUMINATION,EXIT ................................... 1211 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT.......................... 8001.3.3,Appendix 11-E INCINERATORS •.............• 1102.2,Appendix II-A,Section 14 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT Construction ....................................... 1102 210 Definition .............................................. 210 PLAN ................................ 8001.3.2,Appendix ll-E Discontinuance ..................................... 1102.2.5 HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIALS(HPM) Location ........................................... 1102.2.3 Definition 209 Maintenance ....................................... 1102.2.4 Handling ""'"""""""""" """""""" INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS Corridor .......................................... 5103.3.2 Definition .............................................. 210 Service corridor ................................... 5103.3.3 Separation from Quantity limits ...................................... 5102.2.2 Flammable and combustible liquids Storage............................................... 5102 In drainage systems ............................... 7901.8 HEAT REMOVAL 8102.7 In storage ....................................... 7902.1.6 Hazardous materials HEATING EQUIPMENT In carts and trucks ............................ 8001.12.3.7 Appliance ............................................. 1107 In drain systems ............................... 8003.1.3.3 Heating and cooking appliance,definition .................. 209 In retail and wholesale occupancies ............. 8001.14.3.8 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations .................. 5202.7 In storage ............................. 8001.11.8,8003.1.5 Portable unvented oil-burning............................ 6106 INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING OVENS(see OVENS) Tents and air-supported structures ....................... 3217 INDUSTRIAL PLANTS(see FLAMMABLE HEAT-PRODUCING APPLIANCES ........................ 1107 AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS) HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS ........................... 2403 INFLATION.......................................... 7403.1.9 Class I and Class II liquid spillage ...................... 2403.3 INSPECTION Federal approval .................................. 2403.6 Alterations .......................................... 103.3.2 Fire protection ..................................... 2403.5 Firework displays ................................... 7802.4.7 Means of egress ................................... 2403.4 General ............................................ 103.3.1 HIGHLY TOXIC Investigations ........................................ 104.2 Compressed gases 8003.3 New construction .................................... 103.3.2 P9 .................................. Requests ......................................... 103.3.2.2 Liquids and solids ................................... 8003.12 Required ............................................ 105.4 HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE .............. Article 81 INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Access ............................................. 8102.6 Cryogenic containers Aisles ...................................... 8101.6,8102.10 Aboveground containers............................. 7503.1 Commodity classification .............................. 8101.4 Belowground containers ............................. 7503.4 Curtain boards....................................... 8102.8 Fire-protection systems and equipment ......... 1001.5,1001.10 Extra-high rack storage ............................... 8104.5 Installation of liquefied petroleum gas installations .......... 8203 Fire detection........................................ 8102.5 LP-gas equipment ..................................... 8203 Fire-extinguishing systems ............................ 8102.4 Mechanical refrigeration ................................ 6305 Hose connections .................................... 8102.9 Motion picture projection equipment ...................... 8404 Nozzles ............................................ 8102.9 INTERFERENCE WITH FIRE DEPARTMENT............. 104.1.2 Permits ............................................. 8101.3 INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH ....................... AppendixlV-A Scope .............................................. 8101.1 Smoke venting ............................ 8102.7,Table 81-A INVESTIGATION ....................................... 104.2 Smoke-removal systems .............................. 8102.7 IRRITANTS...................................... 210,8003.15 HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS,EXISTING ................ Appendix I-B HOT WORK ........................................ Article 49 J Arc-welding equipment ............................... 4901.8 JUNK YARD(see also AUTOMOBILE Cylinders ........................................... 4901.7 WRECKING YARDS and WASTE Fire protection ....................................... 4901.9 MATERIAL HANDLING).............................. Article 34 Fire watch .......................................... 4901.4 JURISDICTION,definition ................................ 211 Fixed hot-work areas ................................... 4902 Hot-work area ....................................... 4901.5 K Identification signs .................................. 4901.10 Pre-hot-work check .................................. 4901.6 KEY BOXES .......................................... 902.4 1-373 INDEX 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE L. Heat-treating ovens .................................... 4806 Magnesium processing operations ....................... 4807 LABELS ................................. 7901.9.4,7902.1.3.2 Melting pots ........................................... 4804 LEAKING Storage of articles................................ 4805,4809 Flammable and combustible liquid containers ........... 7901.7.3 Storage of pigs,ingots and billets ........................ 4803 LIABILITY...................... 101.5,Appendix II-A,Section 24 MALLS(see COVERED MALL BUILDINGS) LIFE-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS MARINAS ...................................... Appendix II-C Existing buildings ............................... Appendix I-A Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ........... 5202.11 Existing high-rise buildings ....................... Appendix I-B MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS ............. 8001.6,8801.4 LIGHTNING,PROTECTION MATERIALS Organic coating manufacturing........................... 5012 Combustible........................................... 1103 LIMIT CONTROLS .............. 8001.10.6,8003.3.1.5,8004.1.5 Decorative Assembly,places of................................. 2501.5 LIMITED SPRAYING AREAS ........................... 4502.6 Atria ............................................. 1103.3.4 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS MOTOR Definition ............................................. 205 VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS ................ 5203 Use.............................................. 1103.3.3 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES .................... Article 82 Flammable,definition................................ rti 2 80 Hazardous(general) ............................... Article 80 Clearance of combustibles .............................. 8209 Pyroxylin coated ..................................... 2501.6 Container location.................................... 8204.3 Soundproofing...................................... 7904.3.7 Containers not in service ................................ 8213 MEANS OF EGRESS ................................ Article 12 Definition .............................................. 213 Corridors . 1209 Dispensing ........ 8206 ............................................ P 9•.................................... Discharge............................................. 1213 Fire protection ......................................... 8211 Dispersal area ............................ 205,1213,2502.6.5 Installation of equipment ................................ 8203 Doors 1207,2501.8 •••••••••••••••••• Exit ways ............................ 2501.11, Location of containers ................ 8204 "".....................••....""1. ' 2501.14, 3212 Location of equipment ................................ 8203.3 Horizontal exit .......................................... 209 Maximum capacity limits .............................. 8204.2 Means of egress,definition ................ 214 Multiple container installations ......................... 8204.4 4.1 Nonapproved equipment .............................. 8205.1 Obstructions ...control .................... 1203,3212,3504.1 Overfilling ........ Occupant load control ..................................... 8206 Places of assembly 2501.16 Parkin and garaging 8214 y "' """""""""""""" Tents ............................................... 3215 Permits............................................... 8202 Plans........ 8202 Ramps ............................................... 1210 •••••.••••••........................•• Signs and illumination ............... 1211,1212,2501.15,3213 Prohibited use ......................................... 8205 Stairways ............................................. 1210 Release ............................................ 8205.2 Tents .................................3211,3212,3213,3214 Safety devices......................................... 8207 MECHANICAL CODE,definition .......................... 214 Smoking .............................................. 8208 Sources of ignition ..................................... 8208 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION ..................... Article 63 Storage of portable containers awaiting resale ............. 8212 MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS ............................... 7404 Use in buildings...................................... 8203.2 METRIC CONVERSION TABLE ..................Appendix VI-H Vehicle protection ...................................... 8210 LIQUID OXYGEN MODEL CITATION PROGRAM ...................Appendix VI-D Cryogenic fluids ................................... Article 75 MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTION STUDIO............ Article 40 A Hot work .......................................... Article 49 Design requirements ................................... 4010 A LIQUID-FUELED VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT ............ 2505 Electrical requirements ................................. 4008 C see also Distribution ....................................... 4008.3 A LOADING AND UNLOADING ( General .......................................... 4008.1 AC FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS) Generators ....................................... 4008.5 C Aircraft refueler units ................................. 2402.7 Installations ....................................... 4008.4 C LOADING RACKS Lighting and power requirements .................... 4008.2 A Tank car ........................................... 7904.5.3 Fire-detection equipment................................ 4006 C Tank vehicle........................................ 7904.5.2 Fire alarm panels .................................. 4006.1 C LODGING HOUSE,definition ............................. 213 Heat detectors .................................... 4006.2 C Fire-extinguishing systems .............................. 4005 LP-GAS(see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES) Existing sound stages .............................. 4005.1 C LUMBER STORAGE(see also WOOD PRODUCTS) .... Article 30 New sound stages ................................. 4005.2 A Exterior............................................... 3003 Solid-ceiling sets and platforms ...................... 4005.3 A Fire safety officers ..................................... 4007 A General .............................................. 4001 C M Definitions ........................................ 4001.3 A Purpose .......................................... 4001.2 A MAGAZINES .................................... 7702.3 Scope............................................ 4001.1 A Classification ....................................... 7702.3.2 General requirements .................................. 4004 C Cleaning ..........................................7702.1.10 Aisles ............................................ 4004.2 C ...............................Definition .............................................. 214 Exit doors ......... 4004.4 Floors ............................................7702.1.12 Exit illumination.................................... 4004.6 C Inspection .......................... ... ... 7702.1.2 Exit obstructions................................... 4004.7 C Location ............................ 7702.1.17,Appendix VI-F Exit signs ......................................... 4004.5 A Maintenance ......................................7702.1.13 Foam plastics ..................................... 4004.8 C A Manner of storage .................................. 7702.1.6 Housekeeping..................................... 4004.1 C Required .......................................... 7702.1.1 Travel distance .................................... 4004.3 C Retail sales,use ..................................... 7702.2 Mechanical equipment.................................. 4009 A Rotating stock ...................................... 7702.1.5 Auxiliary equipment ................................ 4009.2 C Rules posted ....................................... 7702.1.4 Existing equipment................................. 4009.1 A Security ........................................... 7702.1.3 Occupancy classification...............................1 4002 A Sources of ignition .................................7702.1.14 All other stages.................................... 4002.2 A Storage............................................ 7702.1.9 Live audience stages............................... 4002.1 C Types ............................................. 7702.3.2 Required permits :..................................... 4003 A Yard maintenance..............:�...................7702.1.15 Additional permits.................................. 4003.2 A MAGNESIUM ....................................... Article 48 Change in use..................................... 4003.1 A ..............................................Definition 214 Live audiences .................................... 4003.3 C Fine magnesium scrap ................................. 4810 MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION .................... Article 84 Fire-extinguishing materials ............................. 4808 Film storage and use ................................... 8405 1-374 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDEX Projection equipment ................................... 8404 Fire protection ......................................... 5013 Projection rooms ....................................... 8402 Lightning protection .................................... 5012 Scope ................................................ 8401 Maintenance .......................................... 5014 Smoking .............................................. 8403 Process buildings ...................................... 5004 MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS...... Article 52 Process mills,mixers and kettles ......................... 5007 Aircraft 2401.14 Process piping......................................... 5008 ........................................... Raw materials C N G ......... ................................ . 5204 Process areas 5010 Construction projectsects 7 ....................................... ................................ 904.2.8 Dispensing 5201.4,5202.4 Storage ............................................. 5005 P9 ....:.............................. Scope ................................................ 5001 Dispensing location .................................. 5201 A Static electricity protection............................... 5012 Electrical equipment .................................. 5202.6 Transfer of flammable and combustible liquids ............. 5009 Farms ............................................. 7904.2.8 Fire protection ....................................... 5201.9 ORGANIC PEROXIDES ............................... 8003.7 Flammable and combustible liquids....................... 5202 ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUAL General .............................................. 5201 COMPONENT COATINGS.............................. 4506 Heating equipment ................................... 5202.7 General ............................................. 4506.1 In buildings......................................... 5202.10 Handling 4506.4 Inventory control .................................... 5202.3.9 Mixing 4506.5 LP-9as ............................................... 5203 Personnel qualifications............................... 4506.7 Marine ............................................ 5202.11 Sources ofi ignition 4506.6 Nozzles 5202.4.4.2 9 ................................... Pressure delivery ... ... ...................... .... 5202.5 Storage......peroxide . coatings ....................... 4506.3 Protected aboveground tanks.....................Appendix II-F Use of organic peroxide coatings....................... 4506.2 Special enclosures .................................. 5202.3.6 OTHER HEALTH HAZARDS Storage of fuel .......................... 5202.3,Appendix ll-F Definition ............................................... 216 Supervision ......................................... 5201.6 Storage of ......................................... 8003.15 Vapor recovery ..................................... 5202.13 Use of ................................................ 8004 OUTDOOR AREA........................... 7901.2.2,8001.2.2 N OUTDOOR CARNIVALS AND FAIRS...................... 2504 NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS OVENS OF GOOD PRACTICE(see also Construction .......................................... 6203 RECOGNIZED STANDARDS) ............. 101.3,Appendix V-A Industrial baking and drying ......................... Article 62 Location .............................................. 6203 NONCOMBUSTIBLE,definition ........................... 215 Magnesium heat treating ................................ 4806 NONFLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS(see also Permits and plans...................................... 6202 COMPRESSED GASES,MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS) ....... 215 Safety controls ........................................ 6205 Scope ................................................ 6201 Ventilation ............................................ 6204 0 OVERHEAD COVER(see also WEATHER PROTECTION) .......................... 7401.15 OCCUPANCY,definition.................................. 216 OXIDIZERS 8003.6 .......................................... OCCUPANCY SEPARATIONS,MAINTENANCE OF........ 1111.1 OXYGEN SYSTEMS,BULK OCCUPANT LOAD CONTROL Consumer sites ....................................8004.1.14 Assembly,places of ................................. 2501.16 Definition .............................................. 203 Tent.................................................. 3215 OZONE GAS-GENERATING EQUIPMENT .......... Appendix II-1 OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT ......................... Article 61 Definition ........ ......... ........................... 216 P Electrical wiring and equipment .......................... 6104 Fuel oil ............................................... 6105 PAINT REMOVAL ..................................... 1109.3 General .............................................. 6102 Portable unvented oil-burning heating appliances........... 6106 PANIC HARDWARE Scope ................................................ 6101 Definition .............................................. 217 OMISSION OF SPRINKLERS .......................... 1003.4 General ........................................... 1207.4 OPEN BURNING(see also RECREATIONAL FIRES) ..... 1102.3, PARADE FLOATS ...................................... 1104 Appendix II-A,Section 13 PARKING,tank vehicles ............................. 7904.6.5 Atmospheric restrictions ............................. 1102.3.4 PERMITS 105, 105.8.1 C Attendance......................................... 1102.3.7 A Discontinuance ..................................... 1102.3.8 PERSON,definition ...................................... 217 Fire-extinguishing equipment ......................... 1102.3.6 PIPE JOINTS General ........................................... 1102.3.1 ds................... 7901.11.7 liquids b d an combustible ui Location .................:......................... 1102.3.5 Flammableq . Material restrictions ................................. 1102.3.3 PIPING,PROCESS AND ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT Notification ......................................... 1102.3.2 (see also PIPING,VALVES AND FITTINGS) Time restrictions .................................... 1102.3.4 Organic coating manufacturing........................... 5008 OPEN FLAMES PIPING,VALVES AND FITTINGS Assembly occupancies .............................. 2501.17 Flammable and combustible liquids.................... 7901.11 Fueled devices ...................................... 1109.3 Bends .......................................... 7901.11.9 Hazardous fire areas ................. Appendix II-A,Section 12 Connections ..................................... 7901.11.4 LP-gas containers...................................... 8208 Corrosion protection .............................. 7901.11.3 Ripening rooms ........................................ 4606 Design .......................................... 7901.11.1 ORDERS AND NOTICES ............................. Article 1 Flexible joints .................................... 7901.11.7 Compliance ......................................... 103.4.3 Galvanic action .................................. 7901.11.3 Service of ........................................... 103.4.2 Low melt point materials ......................... 7901.11.1.2 ORGANIC COATINGS,MANUFACTURE OF ........... Article 50 Materials ........................................ 7901.11.1 Pipe joints ....................................... 7901.11.8 Definition .............................................. 216 Protection from vehicles ........................... 7901.11.2 Drainage facilities ...................................... 5006 Supports ........................................ 7901.11.6 Electrical equipment.................................... 5011 Testing .........................................7901.11.10 Finished product storage ................................ 5005 Valves .......................................... 7901.11.5 Fire alarm system ...................................... 5013 Wharves ....................................... 7904.4.6.5 1-375 INDEX 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE PLACARD Piping,valves and fittings for flammable Flammable and combustible liquids ................ 7902.1.3.2 and combustible liquids ........................... 7901.11.2 PLACES OF ASSEMBLY Article 25 Tanks for flammable and combustible liquids ............ 7902.3.6 Aisles PUBLIC CONVEYANCE,definition ........................ 217 Bleachers ........................................ 2502.4.4 PUBLIC NUISANCE,definition ............................ 217 General ........................................... 2501.9 PUBLIC WAY,definition .................................. 217 Grandstands...................................... 2502.4.4 Reviewing stands ................................. 2502.4.4 PYROPHORIC MATERIALS............................ 8003.8 Ashtrays ........................................... 2501.12 PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL Bleachers............................................. 2502 Classification ........................................ 7803.2 Candles ........................................... 2501.17 Construction of magazines ............................ 7803.3 Communication..................................... 2501.4.2 General ............................................ 7803.1 Decorative materials ................................. 2501.5 Housekeeping ....................................... 7803.6 Dispersal areas,safe ........................... 205,2502.6.5 Open flames ........................................ 7803.5 Exit doors........................................... 2501.8 Operators........................................... 7803.7 Exit ways .......................................... 2501.11 Smoking ............................................ 7803.5 Fire appliances ..................................... 2501.13 Standby personnel ................................... 7803.9 Folding seating ........................................ 2502 Storage............................................. 7803.4 Footboards......................................... 2502.4.9 Use ................................................ 7803.8 Grandstands .......................................... 2502 PYROXYLIN Liquid-and gas-fueled vehicles and equipment............. 2505 Marking and lighting of exits .......................... 2501.15 Cellulose nitrate plastics ............................ Article 27 Motion picture screens................................ 2501.7 Fabrics ............................................. 2501.E Open flame ...............:........................ 2501.17 Outdoor carnivals and fairs .....:........................ 2504 R Overcrowding ............................... 2501.16.3,3215 Plan........................................ 2501.3,2501.14 RACK STORAGE ....................................... 8104 Pyroxylin-coated fabrics .............................. 2501.6 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS .......................... 8003.13 Review stands......................................... 2502 RAMPS .............................................. 1210.6 Seating General ..................................... 2501.10,2502 RECOGNIZED STANDARDS(see also Securing .......................................... 2503 NATIONAL RECOGNIZED STANDARDS Special conditions ................................. 2501.10 OF GOOD PRACTICE) ................... 101.3,Appendix V-A Securing of chairs.............................. 2501.10,2503 RECORDS ..................................... 103.3.4,104.3 Standby personnel .................................. 2501.18 Telescoping seating2502 RECREATIONAL FIRES ............................... 1102.4 PLANS REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE Emergency .......................... 1303 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE .................... Appendix VI-E Explosive manufacturing,assembling and testing......... 7704.2 REFINERIES ......................................... 7904.7 Fire alarm system .................................... 1001.3 Asphalt products and residua ......................... 7904.7.4 Fire apparatus access .............................. 901.2.2.1 Cleaning of tanks ................................... 7904.7.3 Fire hydrant system ................................ 901.2.2.2 Corrosion protection ................................. 7904.7.2 Flammable and combustible liquids.................... 7901.3.2 Definition .............................................. 219 Hazardous materials management .......8001.3.2,Appendix II-E General ...........................................7904.7.1 Hazardous materials storage ......................... 8001.3.2 Inspection,repair,alteration or reconstruction High-piled combustible storage ........................ 8101.3 of tanks and piping ................................ 7902.1.9 Industrial baking and drying ovens ....................... 6202 REFRIGERANT GROUPS AND PROPERTIES .....Appendix VI-H LP-gases ............................................. 8202 REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS......................... Article 63 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ................. 5201.3.2 Places of assembly ................................. 2501.14 Access ............................................... 6306 Refrigeration system ................................... 6304 Classification .......................................... 6302 Semiconductor fabrication facility......................5101.9.1 Installation ............................................ 6305 Tire storage ......................................... 1101.3 Maintenance .......................................... 6305 PLASTICS Refrigerant classification ................................ 6302 Signs............................................... 6307.4 Cellulose nitrate ................................... Article 27 Treatment and flaring systems ........................... 6308 Pyroxylin-coated fabric ............................. 2501.6 REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM,definition ................... 219 Storage........................................... Article 81 PLUMBING CODE definition 217 REPAIR,definition....................................... 219 PORTABLE TANKS REPAIR GARAGES ................................. Article 29 Flammable and combustible liquids.................. 7902.1.8.2 REPORTING POWDER COATING 4505 Discharges of refrigerants ............................... 6321 ................................... Emergencies .......................................... 1302 Curing equipment .................................... 4505.5 False alarms .......................................... 1302 Drying equipment .................................... 4505.5 Spills Electrostatic fluidized beds ............................ 4505.8 Flammable and combustible liquids ................... 7901.7 Fire protection ....................................... 4505.9 Hazardous materials ................................ 8001.5 Fixed electrostatic spraying equipment.................. 4505.7 Unauthorized discharges........................... 8001.5.2.2 Fusion equipment .................................... 4505.5 RESPONSIBILITY(see AUTHORITY) Operation and maintenance ........................... 4505.6 Powder coating rooms and booths ..................... 4505.2 RETAIL AND WHOLESALE SALES Sources of ignition ................................... 4505.3 Aerosol products....................................... 8802 Ventilation .......................................... 4505.4 Combustible liquids .............................. 7902.5.10.2 POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS .......... 217, 1108,7901.12 Explosives .......................................... 7702.2 Flammable liquids................................ 7902.5.10.2 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE ...................... Article 11 Hazardous materials ....................... 8001.1.5,8001.14 PREMISES IDENTIFICATION .......................... 901.4.4 LP-gas ............................................... 8212 PRIVATE STAIRWAY,definition ........................... 217 REVIEWING STANDS,GRANDSTANDS, BLEACHERS AND FOLDING AND PROTECTED ABOVEGROUND TANKS FOR MOTOR TELESCOPING SEATING .............................. 2502 VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS .........Appendix II-F Design ............................................. 2502.3 PROTECTION FROM VEHICLES General requirements ................................ 2502.4 Height .............................................. 2502.2 Hazardous materials ............................... 8001.11.3 Securing of chairs...................................... 2503 1-376 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDEX Structural ........................................... 2502.3 Heliports and helistops ............................... 2401.9 REVOCATION OF PERMITS ............................ 105.7 Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ........... 5202.11 Mechanical refrigeration .............................. 6307.4 RIFLE RANGES ................................ Appendix II-D Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ..........5201.8,5201.6.3 RIGHT OF ENTRY .................................. 103.3.1.2 Tents ................................................. 3214 ROADWAYS,ACCESS FOR FIRE APPARATUS Wells.............................................. 7904.3.8 (see also ACCESS,FIRE DEPARTMENT) ............. Article 9 SILANE .............................. 8004,UFC Standard 80-1 ROOMS SITE ASSESSMENTS,UNDERGROUND Combustible fiber storage ............................... 2804 FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TANK LEAKS ................................. Appendixll H Drying ............................................. 3603.4.5 Hazardous production material storage ................ 5101.8.4 SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION,definition ................... 220 Liquid storage ..................................... 7902.5.11 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS ..................... 1007.2.12.8 Spraying............................................... 220 Use,dispensing and mixing .......................... 7903.2.3 SMOKE DETECTORS ......... Article 10,Appendix I-A,Section 6 RUBBISH HANDLING OPERATIONS .................. 1103.2.3 SMOKE REMOVAL ................................... 8102.7 RULES ............................................... 101.4 SMOKING............................................ 1109.4 Airports............................................. 2401.9 S Bulk plants or terminals ................... 7904.4.7,7904.5.2.5 Definition .............................................. 220 SAFETY CAN Dry-cleaning plants................................... 3601.7 Definition .............................................. 220 Dust-producing areas................................... 7607 Spray finishing......................................4502.7.3 Explosives Blastin03.5.5 SAFETY DEVICES,liquefied petroleum gases ............ 8207 Handling ag....nts ................................... 7703.1.4 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ............................ Article 11 Storage .........................................7702.1.14 SEAT SPACING 2502 Transportation .................................... 7703.2.8 ....................................... Use.............................................. 7703.1.4 SEATING,FOLDING AND TELESCOPING................. 2502 Farms and construction sites ......................... 7904.2.2 SECONDARY CONTAINMENT Flammable or combustible liquids .. 7901.10,7902.1.3.1,7902.1.4 Flammable and combustible liquids............... 7g01 Fuel transfer ....................................... 2402.10 .q • .g Hazardous fire areas .................. Appendix II-A,Section 6 Container and portable tank storage outside buildings ..7902.3.4 Heliports and helisto s 2401.9 ............................... Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 High-piled combustible storage ..................... 8101.6.2.2 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 Loading racks ..........................7904.5.2.5,7904.5.3.5 Hazardous materials ..................... 8003.1.3.3,8004.1.4 LP-gas ... 8208 ............................................ Underground tank systems containing Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ........ 5202.11.5.5 flammable or combustible liquids ......7902.6.11,Appendix II-G Organic coating manufacturing......................... 5014.2 SECURING OF CHAIRS ......................... 2501.10,2503 Organic peroxides and dual component coating .......... 4506.6 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES ........ Article 51 Projection rooms ....................................... 8403 C Pyrotechnic special effects material .................... 7803.5 p Alarm and detection systems .............. 5101.10,5001.10.2a Y Rinin r Automatic fire sprinkler system .....................5101.10.1 peg rooms...................................... 4606.2 Continuous gas-detection systems..................5101.10.4 Special effects material ............................... 7803.5 Emergency alarm system ..........................5101.10.3 Spray-finishing areas ................................. 4501.4 Manual fire alarm system ...........................5101.10.2 While driving or making repairs on tank vehicles......... 7904.6.3 Application .......................................... 5101.1.2 SOURCES OF IGNITION(see IGNITION, Construction requirements ............................ 5101.8 CONTROL OF SOURCES OF) Emergency control station............................. 5101.6 SPARK ARRESTERS ........... 1109.7,Appendix II-A,Section 7 Exhaust ventilation systems for HPM .................. 5101.12 Incinerators 1102.2.2 Fabrication areas .................................... 5103.2 Fire-extinguishing systems ........................... 5101.11 SPECIAL ENCLOSURES ............................. 5202.3.6 Exhaust ducts for HPM ............................ 5101.11.5 SPILL CONTROL Gas cabinets and exhaust enclosures ............... 5101.11.3 Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 7901.8 Pass-throughs in existing exit corridors .............. 5101.11.4 Container and portable tank storage outside of buildings 7902.3.4 Workstations..................................... 5101.11.2 Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 General safety precautions ............................ 5101.9 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 Material classification ................................. 5101.2 Loading and unloading of tank vehicles and tank cars 7904.5.1.3 Storage............................................... 5102 On farms and construction sites ..................... 7904.2.6 Transportation and handling ........................... 5103.3 Outside dispensing operations ....................... 7903.3 Use and handling ...................................... 5103 Underground storage tanks ....................... 7902.6.5.2 SENSITIZERS Using,dispensing and mixing in closed Definition .............................................. 220 systems inside buildings ...................... 7903.2.3.5.4 Storage of ......................................... 8003.15 Using,dispensing and mixing in open Use of ................................................ 8004 systems inside buildings ...................... 7903.2.3.4.4 SERVICE STATIONS(see MOTOR VEHICLE Hazardous materials FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS) General ....................................... 8001.12.3.5 Storage ........................................ 8003.1.3.2 SHAFTWAY MARKING ................................ 902.3.3 Use.............................................. 8004.1.4 SI AND ENGLISH SYSTEM SPRAY BOOTHS .............................. 4502.2,4502.3 CONVERSION FACTORS ...................... Appendix VI-I SPRAY FINISHING ...................................... 4502 SIGNS Definitions ............................................. 220 Airports ............................................. 2401.9 Drying apparatus ................................... 4502.10 Assembly occupant loads ............................ 2501.16 Fire-protection equipment ............................. 4502.8 Compressed gases ................................. 7401.5.3 Limited spraying areas................................ 4502.6 Cryogenics.......................................... 7501.8 Location of spray-finishing operations ................... 4502.1 Destruction of ..................................... 103.4.3.3 Operations and maintenance .......................... 4502.9 Electrostatic apparatus .............................. 4504.3.2 Sources of ignition ................................... 4502.4 Exit doors ............................................. 1212 Spot painting ........................................ 4502.1 Explosives ........................................ 7701.6 Spray booths ........................................ 4502.2 Fire doors.......................................... 1111.2.3 Spray booths using dry filters .......................... 4502.3 Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 7901.9 Spray rooms .......................................... 4502 Fumigation and insecticidal fogging ....................... 4708 Definition ............................................. 220 Hazardous materials ................................. 8001.7 Storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids . 4502.7 1-377 INDEX 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Touch-up painting .................................... 4502.1 Fire protection ...................................... 7904.6.7 Ventilation .......................................... 4502.5 Full trailers and semitrailers .......................... 7904.6.2 SPRAYING AREA....................................... 4502 Garaging .......................................... 7904.6.6 Definition 220 Operations of tank vehicles........................... 7904.6.3 Parkin ................. 7904.6.5 SPRINKLER SYSTEM(see also AUTOMATIC Smoking FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS) g .............• 7904.6.4 TANKS Alarms ............................................... 1007 ES FR .......................................... 8802,8803 Definition .............................................. 221 In-rack 8803.2.3 Flammable and combustible liquids ......................................... Omissions .......................................... 1003.4 Abandonment..................................... 7902.1.7 STAIRWAY IDENTIFICATION............... 1210.4,Appendix I-C Aboveground .................................. 7 902.1.7.3 Underground .................................. 7902.1.7.2 STAIRWAYS............................................ 1210 Anchorage ......................................7902.1.14 STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS .............. Appendix V-A Connections .................................... 7902. . . Construction .................................... 7902.11.88.22 STANDARDS,UNIFORM FIRE CODE ................. Article 90 Design ......................................... 7902.1.8.2 STANDBY PERSONNEL.............................. 2501.18 Seismic........................................7902.1.10 Diking............................................ 7902.2.8 STANDBY POWER ......................... 8003.1.8,8004.1.6 Drainage control................................... 7902.2.8 STANDPIPES Empty .................................. 7902.3.9,7902.5.3 Fire protection Classified .............................................. 220 Portable tanks inside buildings ................... 7902.5.1.2 Definitions ............................................. 220 Stationary aboveground tanks ..................... 7902.2.4 During construction ................................. 8704.4.3 Fittings......................................... 7902.2.7.4 General ........................................... 1004.1.1 Foundations .....................................7902.1.14 Locations ........................................... 1004.2 Installation requirements ......................... 7902.1.8.2 Maintenance ........................................ 1001.5 Linings .......................:............... 7902.1.8.2.9 Testing ................................ 1001.4,Appendix 111-C Locations................................ 7902.2.2,7902.3.3 STATIC PROTECTION Locations subject to flooding ................... Appendix II-B Loading racks ..........................7904.5.2.3,7904.5.3.3 Openings other than vents .........................7902.1.13 STILLS 3603.10 Piping.......................................... 7902.2.7.4 Portable STORAGE Inside buildings ................................... 7902.5 Aerosol products................................... Article 88 Outside of buildings ............................... 7902.3 Agricultural products ................................... 2806 Removal ....................................... 7902.1.7.4 American Table of Distances for Explosives........ Appendix VI-F Stationary aboveground Baled ................................................ 2805 Inside buildings ................................... 7902.4 Cabinets ................................. 7902.5.9,8001.10.6 Outside of buildings ............................... 7902.2 Cellulose nitrate motion picture film ....................... 3304 Valves ......................................... 7902.2.7.4 Cellulose nitrate plastics ................................. 2705 Vents Combustible fibers ..................................... 2804 Emergency............................ 7902.1.12,7902.2.6 Combustible materials ............. 1103.3,2401.12,3406,6322 Normal ........................................ 7902.1.11 Cryogenic fluids ....................................... 7503 Underground ...................................... 7902.6 Cylinders and pressure vessels ............ 7401.4,7401.7,7402 Contents........................................ 7902.6.2 Explosives ............................... 7702,Appendix WE Corrosion protection .............................7902.6.15 Extrahigh-rack systems ............................... 8104.5 Depth and cover ................................. 7902.6.4 Film .................................................. 3304 Leak detection..................................7902.6.12 Fireworks ........................................... 7803.4 Leaking......................................... 7902.6.8 Flammable finishes .................................. 4502.7 Lining .........................................7902.6.10 Flammable or combustible liquids .. 2604.2,3218,4502.7,4503.4, Location ........................................ 7902.6.3 5005,5202.3,6106.4,7902 Overfill protection ................................ 7902.6.5 Gunpowder ......................................... 7702.2 Secondary containment .......................... 7902.6.11 Hazardous materials ............................... Article 80 Testing ........................................7902.6.16 Hazardous production materials...................... Article 51 Hardening and tempering ............................. 4503.9 High-piled combustible.............................. Article 81 Hazardous materials ................................ 8001.4.5 Liquid storage room ................................ 7902.5.11 Clearance from combustible .......................8003.1.12 Liquid warehouse ..................................7902.5.12 Empty ........................................... 8001.4.6 Lumber............................................... 3003 Installation Magazines .......................................... 7702.3 Aboveground .................................. 8001.4.5.2 Magnesium ......................... 4803,4805,4809,4810.2 Underground .................................. 8001.4.5.1 Organic coating ........................................ 5005 Liquid-level limit controls ................ 8001.4.8,8004.1.5.2 Organic peroxides coatings............................ 4506.3 Maintenance ...................................... 8001.4.7 Portable tank ................................. 7902.3,7902.5 Pressure control.......................8003.1.9.3,8004.1.5.4 Rack ................................................. 8104 Signs ............................................ 8003.1.2 Readily combustible materials ........................ 1103.3.2 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gas .......... 8003.3.1.3.5.5 Shelf ................................................. 8103 TEMPORARY WIRING .................................. 8503 Solid-piled ............................................ 8103 Stationary tanks,aboveground outside of buildings ....... 7902.2 TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES,TENTS Tanks ................................ 7902.2,7902.4,7902.5 AND CANOPIES .................................. Article 32 Tires ........................................ 1103.3.6,3408 Access location and parking ............................. 3205 Underground tank ............................. 7902.6 Cooling and heating .................................... 3216 SUMPS(well-drilling operations) ..................... 7904.3.4 Display of motor vehicles ............................... 3218 Exit signs ............................................. 3214 Flame-retardant treatments.............................. 3207 T Flammable and combustible liquids....................... 3217 Generators............................................ 3219 TAGS,COMPLIANCE WITH............................ 103.4.3 Housekeeping ......................................... 3221 TANK CAR LOADING RACKS ........................ 7904.5.3 Means of egress ....................................... 3211 Means of egress illumination ............................ 3213 TANK VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION ..................... 7904.6.1 Means of egress,maintenance of ........................ 3212 TANK VEHICLE LOADING RACKS .................... 7904.5.2 Occupant load,maximum ............................... 3209 Portable fire extinguishers............................... 3208 TANK VEHICLES FOR FLAMMABLE AND Seating arrangements 3210 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS ............................ 7904.6 Sources of ignition 3215 Construction ....................................... 7904.6.1 Standby personnel ..................................... 3220 1-378 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDEX Structural stability ...................................... 3206 Flammable finishing TENT,definition ......................................... 221 Dipping operations.................................. 4503.2 Use period ............................................ 3204 Electrostatic apparatus .............................. 4504.5 TERMINALS(see also BULK PLANTS) ................. 7904.4 Limited spraying area .............................. 4502.6.5 Powder coating .................................... 4505.4 TEST BLASTING CAP NO.8,definition .................... 221 Spray booths ...................................... 4502.5 TESTING FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS,STANDPIPES AND Spraying areas ..................................... 4502.5 COMBINATION SYSTEMS .............. 1001.4,Appendix III-C Hazardous materials Dispensing ...........................8004.2.2.2,8004.2.3.3 TIRE STORAGE ............................... 1103.3.6,3408 Storage .......................................... 8003.1.4 TOXIC COMPRESSED GASES Toxic and highly toxic compressed Dispensing and use gases ..................8003.3.1.3,8004.2.3.7.1,8004.3.6.1 Indoors 8004.2.3.7 Use.................................. 8004.2.2.2,8004.2.3.3 """"""" """"""""" Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations Outdoors ......................................... 8004.3.6 Indoors .......:.......... ......5202.10.3 Storage............................................. 8003.3 ................. Organic coating manufacturing......................... 5004.4 TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS,tank vehicles ........ 7904.6.2 Ovens ................................................ 6204 TRANSPORTATION Semiconductor fabrication facilities Blasting agents ..................................... 7703.4.1 Exhaust enclosures ................................ 5101.8.6 Explosives .......................................... 7703.2 Fabrication areas .................................. 5101.12 TREATMENT SYSTEMS Workstations..................................... 5101.11.5 Spray booths and spraying areas ...................... 4502.5 Hazardous materials ...... 8003.3.1.3.5,8004.2.3.7.5,8004.3.6.4 VENTING Refrigeration system discharges ......................... 6308 After fumigating........................................ 4709 Smoke ............................................. 8102.7 U Tanks ................................. 7902.1.11,7902.1.12, UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGES 7902.2.6,Appendix VI-C Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 7901.7 W Hazardous materials ................................ 8001.5.2 UNDERGROUND TANKS(see TANKS,Underground) WAREHOUSE UNIFORM BUILDING CODE,definition .................... 222 Aerosol ............................................. 8802.4 Definition .............................................. 224 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE TABLES Flammable and combustible liquid storage .. 7902.5.11,7902.5.12 Table 3-A:Description of Occupancies WASTE by Group and Division......................... Appendix VI-E Accumulation of 1103.2 Table 3-B:Required Separation in ..................................." Buildings of Mixed Occupancy ................. Appendix VI-E Bowling alley .products .................................. 04.3.3 Table 3-C:Required Separation of Petroleum products ................................. 7904.3.3 Specific-use Areas in Group I,Division 1.1, WASTE MATERIAL HANDLING Hospitals and Nursing Homes .................. Appendix VI-E (see RUBBISH HANDLING OPERATIONS) Table 3-F:Minimum Distances for WATER SUPPLY,FIRE DEPARTMENT ..................... 903 Buildings Containing Explosive Materials ........ Appendix VI-E WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS ............. 8003.10 Table 5-A:Exterior Wall and Opening WEATHER PROTECTION see also Protection Based on Location on Property for all Construction Types...................... Appendix VI-E OVERHEAD COVER) ................... 8003.1.14,8003.3.2.3 Table 5-B:Basic Allowable Building Heights WELL DRILLING and Basic Allowable Floor Area for Buildings Field loading racks .................................. 7904.3.9 One Story in Height ........................... Appendix VI-E Location ........................................... 7904.3.2 Table 6-A:Types of Construction- Prevention of blowouts .............................. 7904.3.5 Fire-resistive Requirements .................... Appendix VI-E Signs.............................................. 7904.3.8 Table 8-A:Flame-spread Classification ............ Appendix VI-E Smoking ........................................... 7904.3.2 Table 8-13:Maximum Flame-spread Class ......... Appendix VI-E Soundproofing material .............................. 7904.3.7 Table 10-A:Minimum Egress Requirements ....... Appendix VI-E Storage tanks ...................................... 7904.3.6 UNIT CONVERSION TABLES .................... Appendix VI-I Sumps ............................................ 7904.3.4 UNSAFE BUILDINGS 103.4.1.2 Waste control ...................................... 7904.3.3 WHARVES-FLAMMABLE AND UNSTABLE(REACTIVE)MATERIALS .................. 8003.9 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS ........................... 7904.4.6 WINERY CAVES.................................... Article 41 C V Construction requirements .............................. 4105 A VACANT BUILDINGS 1110 Definitions ............................................ 4102 C .................................. General ........................................... 4102.1 A Combustible materials ................................. 1110.2 limited applications................................. 4102.2 A General ..................................... 1110.1 Exits ................................................. 4109 C Hazardous materials .................................. 1110.2 Distribution ........................................ 4109.1 C Maintenance ......................................... 1110.3 Number........................................... 4109.2 A Security ............................................. 1110.3 Exit illumination........................................ 4110 C VALVES ........................... 7401.7,7901.11,7904.4.6.5 General ........................................... 4110.1 C VAPOR AREA .................................... 223,4503.2 Separate sources of power .......................... 4110.2 C Exitsigns ............................................. 4111 A VAPOR PRESSURE,definition............................ 223 Fire alarm system ...................................... 4108 A VEHICLE PROTECTION .................... 7902.3.6,8001.11.3 Fire apparatus access roads ............................ 4104 C General requirements .................................. 4106 A VEHICLES Open-flame devices ................................ 4106.3 A Flammable liquid tank ................................ 7904.E Public tours........................................ 4106.1 C VENTILATION Standby personnel.................................. 4106.2 C Bowling alley refinishing .............................. 2603.3 Maximum occupant load ................................ 4112 A Bulk plants and terminals ............................ 7904.4.3 Permits............................................... 4103 A Dry-cleaning plants...........................3602.2.3,3603.5 Portable fire extinguishers and other fire appliances ........ 4107 C Flammable and combustible liquids Scope ................................................ 4101 C Cleaning 7903.2.2.3.7 Seating arrangements .................................. 4113 A Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.4 WOOD PRODUCTS ................................. Article 30 Liquid storage warehouse ....................... 7902.5.12.4 Access plan ........................................ 3004.4.2 Use,dispensing,mixing rooms and buildings .......... 7903.2.3 Exterior storage of finished lumber products ............... 3009 1-379 INDEX 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Fire alarms ......................................... 3004.5 Fire apparatus access road............................ 3004.4 General requirements .................................. 3004 Log storage areas...................................... 3005 Open yards ......................................... 3004.1 Pile fire protection .................................... 3006.3 Emergency plan .................................... 3006.5 Plywood and veneer mills ............................... 3007 Size of piles ......................................... 3006.2 Storage and processing of wood products ................. 3008 Storage of wood chips and logged material in association with timber and lumber production facilities ............... 3006 Waste removal ...................................... 3004.3 WRECKING YARDS(see also AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS)................. Article 34 1-380 1998 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE HISTORY NOTE ,kPPENDIX HISTORY NOTE APPENDIX CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE (Title 24,Part 9,California Code of Regulations) For prior history,see the History Note Appendix to the Califor- 2. BSC(for SFM) 1997 Annual code adoption by reference of nia Fire Code, 1995 Triennial Edition dated July 1, 1995. the 1997 Uniform Fire Code (UFC) with necessary California 1. BSC (for SFM) 1997 Triennial Code Adoption Cycle. amendments;repeal of the 1994 edition of the UFC.Approved by Approved by the California Building Standards Commission on the California Building Standards Commission on July 21, 1998. May 6, 1998.Publication date November 1998,effective July 1, Publication date November 1998,effective July 1, 1999. 1999. 1-381