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California Fire Code 2001 - Ordinance 3571
ivOF d •EUREKA. u, o 2001 }, alifornia Fire ode � u# f.y � �w t California Code of Regulations t, e 4 Title 24, Part 9 California Building Standards Commission } Based on 2000 b � Uniform Fire Code ! i✓ E } .. } } t ¢ 'IFS ASSO � Z o S }} : } (November 1 2002t �ry (For errata and`supplements, see History NoteiAppendix) a � ++y 4� _ � �.� a �, a �'x +'. go-° ^. t j �„.,. } •c f ..' m Copyright©2001 Held By Western Fire Chiefs Association 1260 Lake Boulevard, Suite 250 Davis,CA.95616-5668 and California Building Standards Commission 2525 Natoma Park Drive, Suite 130 Sacramento,CA 95833-2936 Printed In The United States California Fire Code Preface This document is Part 9 of the official 2001 triennial compilation and publication of the adoptions, amend- ments and repeal of building regulations to the California Code of Regulations,Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards Code. This Part is known as the California Fire Code and incorporates by adoption the 2000 edition of the Uniform Fire Code of the Western Fire Chiefs Association with necessary California amendments. The California Building Standards Code is published in its entirety every three years by order of the Califor- nia legislature, with supplements published in intervening years. The California legislature delegated author- ity to various State agencies, boards, commissions and departments to create building regulations to implement the State's statutes. These building standards have the same force of law, and take effect 180 days after their publication unless otherwise stipulated. The California Building Standards Code applies to all oc- cupancies throughout the State of California as annotated. A city, county or city and county may establish more restrictive building standards reasonable necessary be- cause of local climatic, geological or topographical conditions. Findings of the local condition(s) and the adopted local building standard(s) must be filed with the California Building Standards Commission to be- come effective and may not be effective sooner than the effective date of this edition of California Building Standards Code. Local building standards adopted to be applicable to previous editions of the California Building Standards Code do not apply to this edition without appropriate adoption and the required filing. To familiarize yourself with the format of this code, it is suggested that users review the following pages: ■ How to Distinguish Model Code Language From California Amendments ■ Matrix Adoption Tables Should you have any questions regarding this code or wish to offer comments toward improving the format, please address your questions and comments to: California Building Standards Commission 2525 Natomas Park Drive—Suite 130 Sacramento, CA. 95833-2936 Phone (916) 263-0916 Fax (916) 263-0959 Web Page: www.bsc.ca.gov 2001 California Code of Regulations Title 24 Questions and Interpretations Contact List Board of Corrections Permanent Structures in Mobile Home Parks Local Adult Jail Standards (916)324-1914 (General) (916)445-3338 Local Juvenile Facility Standards (916)324-1914 Mobile Homes-Permits&Inspections California Energy Commission Northern Region g� (916)255-2501 Energy Hotline (800)772-3300 Southern Region (909)782-4420 Building Efficiency Standards Employee Housing (916)445-9471 Appliance Efficiency Standards Compliance Manual/Forms Department of Industrial Relations,Division of California State Library Occupantional Safety and Health Construction Standards (916)445-9617 Places of Employment (415)703-5100 Department of Consumer Affairs-Acupuncture Board Employee Safety (415)703-5100 Office Standards (916)263-2680 Elevators (916)263-7995 Department of Consumer Affairs-Board of Pharmacy Boiler Inspections (510)622-3052 Pharmacy Standards (916)445-5014 Pressure Vessels (510)622-3052 Asbestos-Industrial Hygienist (916)574-2993 Department of Consumer Affairs-Bureau of Barbering and Cosmetology Department of Water Resources Barber and Beauty Shop and Gray Water Installation Standards (916)327-1620 College Standards (916)327-6250 Department of the Youth Authority Department of Consumer Affairs-Bureau of Home Institutional Standards (916)262-1428 Furnishings and Thermal Insulation Insulation Testing Standards (916)574-2041 Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance Department of Consumer Affairs-Structural Pest Access Compliance (916)322-4700 Control Board California Accessibility Reference Structural Standards (916)263-2540 Manual (916)322-4700 Department of Consumer Affairs-Veterinary Division of the State Architect Safety Medical Board Public Schools (916)445-8100 Veterinary Hospital Standards (916)263-2610 State Owned Buildings (916)445-8100 Department of Food and Agriculture Asbestos (916)445-8100 Meat and Packing Plant Standards (916)654-0504 State Building Inspector Dairy Standards (916)653-6582 Department of Health Servcices Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development Organized Camps (916) 324-2208 Hospitals (916)654-2012 Public Swimming Pools (916)324-2208 Skilled Nursing Facilities (916)654-2012 Asbestos (415)540-2134 Clinics (916)654-2012 Department of Housing and Community Development Permits (916)654-3362 Residential (916)445-9471 Office of The State Fire Marshal (916)445-8200 A Guide To California Multi-Family Disabled Access Regulations Available Through CALBO(916) 457-1103 State Historical Building Safety Board Manufactured Home,Commercial Coaches and Alternative Building Standards (916)445-7627 iv How to Distinguish Model Code Language From California Amendments To distinguish between model code language and the incorporated California amendments, including exclu- sive California standards —California amendments will appear in italics. Symbols in the margins indicate the status of code changes as follows: ["XVI This symbol identifies which stat agendy(s)by its"acronym"that has amended a section of the model code.For a complete listing of the State agency acronyms,see the Application Section withing Chapterl. CA CA This Symbol Indicates a California Amendment has been made to the model code CA II II This symbol Indicates that a change has been made to a California Amendment II II * This symbol indicates that model code language has been deleted within the California Amendment L This symbol is primarily for the benifit of local agencies,such as city and county building departments,who,by L law,must enforce selected sections of the California Building Code.An"L"next to the"CA"signals such sections L in the outside margin. > This Symbol indicates deletion of the California language v About the Uniform Fire Code Association Inserted by the Western Fire Chiefs Association/Uniform Fire Code Association Not Adopted by the State of California The UFCA is a public benefit corporation formed for specific and limited purposes related to the development and promulgation of the Uniform Fire Code(UFC). Management is charged with fulfilling the objectives for which the UFCA was formed,as set forth in the controlling corporate documents. The UFCA objectives are: • To develop and promote the principles of the Uniform Fire Code("UFC")in connection with all aspects of community living in order to reduce the loss of life and property from unfriendly fires and explosions. • To continue the development and maintenance of successive editions of the UFC and of supplements to the UFC in a format designed to be compataible with other safety and building codes. • To continue the maintenance,development and publication of the Uniform Fire Code Standards("UFCS"),a companion vol- ume to the UFC,in a form and with content compatible for use with the UFC and related documents. • To promote the adoption and application of the UFC and UFCS by governmental agencies. • To maintain the UFC to include,but not be limited to,regulations governing the sotrage,use,and handling of dangerous and hazardous materials,substances and devices,and regulations governing teh assurance of adequate egress and other fire protection requirements. • To provide a forum for persons interested in the prevention,control and suppression of unfriendly fires and explosions and hazardous materials incidents,to introduce and discuss methods for improving fire prevention,safety and service and to exchange ideas,information,knowledge and experiences in areas affecting fire prevention, safety, and service. • To develop and improve products and services relating to fire protection and safety. • To provide education concerning the UFC,fire protection and safety,and to develop textbooks,manuals and other educational materials to assist in the education,knowledge and understanding of the UFC,fire protection and safety. • To do all such other things as are incidental to or desirable for the attainment of the above objectives. • To foster communication between all code officials,including but not limited to the building,fire,plumbing,mechanical and electrical fields,and also between professionals in related fields,regarding means of protecting life and property and enhancing public safety through improved fire codes. Membership is currently available to individuals and organizations with an interest in fire codes,and membership benefits include receiving copies of each new edition of the Uniform Fire Code and annual supplements;the Uniform Fire Code Journal;all proposed revisions to the Uniform Fire Code,code application and enforcement assistance by engineers. For further information on the Uniform Fire Code Association,please call the UFCA office at 530-757-1456. A This Sua4estgd Ordinance is Not Adopted By the State Of California An ordinance adopting the Uniform Fire Code prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire, hazardous materials or explosion; providing for the issuance of permits for hazardous uses or operations; and establishing a bureau of fire prevention and providing officers therefor and defining their powers and duties Be it ordained by the [Jurisdiction Name]. Sec. 1. ADOPTION OF UNIFORM FIRE CODE. There is hereby adopted by the [Legislative Body and Jurisdiction Name] for the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire, hazardous materials or explosion,that certain Code known as the Uniform Fire Code, including Appendix Chapters and Appendix Standards [insert appropriate appendices. See Uniform Fire Code Sections 101.8 and 9001.1.],published by the International Fire Code Institute,being particularly the 1994 edition thereof and the whole thereof,save and except such portions as are hereinafter deleted,modified or amended by Section 8 of this ordinance,three(3)copies of which have been and are now filed in the office of the clerk of the [Jurisdiction's Clerk]and the same are hereby adopted and incor- porated as fully as if set out at length herein,and from the date on which this ordinance shall take effect,the provision thereof shall be controlling within the limits of the [Jurisdiction Name]. Sec.2. ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES OF BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION. 2.1 The Uniform Fire Code as adopted and amended herein shall be enforced by the bureau of fire prevention(or other desig- nated agency)in the fire department of the [Jurisdiction Name]which is hereby established and which shall be operated under the supervision of the chief of the fire department. 2.2 The chief(or fire marshal)in charge of the bureau of fire prevention(or other designated agency) shall be appointed by [Name of Appointing Authority]on the basis of examination to determine his or her qualifications. 2.3 The chief of the fire department shall recommend to the [Name of the Proper Ad- ministrative Authority Should Be Inserted in the Blank Space]the employment of technical inspectors,who,when such authori- zation is made,shall be selected through an examination to determine their fitness for the position.The examination shall be open to members and nonmembers of the fire department,and appointments made after examination shall be for an indefinite term with removal only for cause. Sec.3. DEFINITIONS. 3.1 Wherever the word"jurisdiction"is used in the Uniform Fire Code,it is [Name of the State,County,City or Town,or Fire District]. 3.2 Where the party responsible for the enforcement of the Uniform Fire Code is given the title of"fire marshal,"add the follow- ing definition: FIRE MARSHAL is the chief of the bureau of fire prevention. Sec.4. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQ- UIDS IN OUTSIDE ABOVEGROUND TANKS IS PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Sections 7902.2.2.1 and 7904.2.5.4.2 of the Uniform Fire Code in which the storage of flammable or combustible liquids is restricted are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include heavily populated and congested commercial areas.These lim- its should be detailed unless such limits are established by other regulations.It may be desirable in some jurisdictions to establish limitations based on quantities or classes of liquids or both.]. Sec.5. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS IN WHICH STORAGE OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES IS PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 8204.2 of the Uniform Fire Code, in which storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted,are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed un- less such limits are established by other regulations.]. Sec.6. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS IS TO BE PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 7701.7.2 of the Uniform Fire Code,in which storage of explosives and blasting agents is prohib- ited,are hereby established as follows: _ [These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed un- less such limits are established by other regulations.]. viii Sec.7. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH THE STORAGE OF COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS IS TO BE PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 5204.5.2 of the Uniform Fire Code in which the storage of compressed natural gas storage is prohibited,are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed un- less such limits are established by other regulations.]. Sec.8. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH THE STORAGE OF STATIONARY TANKS OF FLAM- MABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS ARE TO BE PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 3-1.5 of Uniform Fire Code Standard 80-3 in which the storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers is prohibited are hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed unless such limits are established by other regulations.] Sec.9. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS IN WHICH THE STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IS TO BE PROHIBITED OR LIMITED. The limits referred to in Section 8001.1.1 of the Uniform Fire Code in which the storage of hazardous materials is prohibited or limited is hereby established as follows: [These limits should include the heavily populated and the congested commercial areas.These limits should be detailed un- less such limits are established by other regulations.] Sec.10. AMENDMENTS TO THE UNIFORM FIRE CODE. The Uniform Fire Code is amended and changed in the following respects: Section paragraphs and are amended as follows: NOTE:Amendments deemed necessary should be inserted.Sections in the code dealing with subjects covered adequately by existing local or state laws may be cited as deleted. Sec.11. APPEALS. Whenever the chief disapproves an application or refuses to grant a permit applied for,or when it is claimed that the provisions of the code do not apply or that the true intent and meaning of the code have been misconstrued or wrongly interpreted,the applicant may appeal from the decision of the chief to [Fill in body to which appeal should be made.See Uniform Fire Code Section 103.1.4.1 within 30 days from the date of the decision appealed. Sec.12. NEW MATERIALS,PROCESSES OR OCCUPANCIES WHICH MAY REQUIRE PERMITS. The [Administrator],the chief and the chief of the bureau of fire preven- tion shall act as a committee to determine and specify,after giving affected persons an opportunity to be heard,any new materials, processes or occupancies for which permits are required in addition to those now enumerated in the Uniform Fire Code.The chief of the bureau of fire prevention shall post such list in a conspicuous place at the bureau of fire prevention and distribute copies thereof to interested persons. Sec. 13. PENALTIES. 13.1 Any person who violates any of the provisions of the Uniform Fire Code as adopted and amended herein or fails to comply therewith,or who violates or fails to comply with any order made thereunder,or who builds in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or plans submitted and approved thereunder,or any certificate or permit issued thereunder,and from which no appeal has been taken,or who fails to comply with such an order as affirmed or modified by the [Fill in body to which appeal should be made.See Uniform Fire Code Section 103.1.4.]or by a court of competent jurisdiction,within the required time, shall severally for each and every such violation and noncompliance,respectively,be guilty of a misdemeanor,punishable by a fine of not less than$ nor more than$ or by imprisonment for not less than days nor more than days or by both such fine and imprisonment.The imposition of one penalty for any violation shall not excuse the violation or permit it to continue;and all such persons shall be required to correct or remedy such violations or defects within a reasonable time;and when not otherwise specified,each ten days that prohibited conditions are maintained shall constitute a separate offense. 13.2 The application of the above penalty shall not be held to prevent the enforced removal of prohibited conditions. Sec.14. REPEAL OF CONFLICTING ORDINANCES. All former ordinances or parts thereof conflicting or inconsistent with the provisions of this ordinance or of the Uniform Fire Code as adopted and amended herein are hereby repealed. NOTE:In some jurisdictions,reference to specific laws that are amended or repealed is preferred or may be required. Sec.15. VALIDITY. The [Legislative Body]hereby declares that should any section,para- graph,sentence or word of this ordinance or of the Uniform Fire Code as adopted and amended herein be declared for any reason to be invalid,it is the intent of that it would have passed all other portions of this ordinance independent of the elimination herefrom of any such portion as may be declared invalid. Sec.16. DATE OF EFFECT. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after its approval as required by law. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS California Matrix Adoption Tables .................. xvii Section 1003—Fire-extinguishing Systems. . . . . . . . 1-34 HISTORY NOTE APPENDIX ..................... xxx Section 1004—Standpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37 Section 1005—Protection Of Commercial Cooking Operations CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE(Title 24,Part 9,California Code 1-37 ofRegulations)......................... xxx Section 1006—Fire Alarm Systems . . . .. . . . . . . . . 1-38 PART I General Article 11—General Safety Precautions.............. 1-45 Article 1—Administration ........................ 1-1 Section 1101—General . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-45 Section 101 General 1-1 Section 1102—Incinerators,Open Burning And Commercial Barbecue Pits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-45 Section 101—General . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . 1-1 Section 1103—Combustible Materials 1-46 . . . . . . . . . . . Section 102—Retroactive Application To Existing Section 1104—Parade Floats . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-47 Conditions . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-2 Section 1105—Asphalt Kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-47 Section 103—Inspection And Enforcement . .. . . . . 1-2 Section 1106—Gas Meters And m . . . . . . Pi 1-47 Section 104—Control And Investigation Of Emergency Piping � � � Scenes . ... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 1-5 Section 1107—Heat-producing Appliances 1-47 Section 105—Permits Section 1108—Powered Industrial Trucks . ... . . . . 1-48 Section 1109—Control Of Sources Of Ignition. . . .. 1-48 Part If Definitions And Abbreviations . . . . . . . 1-11 Section 1110—Vacant Buildings . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 1-49 Section 1111—Maintenance Of Fire-resistive Article 2—Defmitions And Abbreviations............ 1-11 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49 Section 201—General .. ... ... . . . . ... . . .. . ... . 1-11 Section 1112—Maintenance Of Interior Wall And Section 202—A . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . 1-I1 Ceiling Finishes. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49 Section 203—B. . . . . ..... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . 1-12 Section 1113—Floor Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1-49 Section 204—C.. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. 1-13 Article 12—Maintenance Of Means Of Egress And Emergency Section 205—D . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . 1-15 Escapes............................... 1-51 Section 206—E. . . . . . ... . ... . . . . .. . . . . . ..... 1-15 Section 1201—General . . .... . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . 1-51 Section 207—F . . . . . . ... .... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 1-16 Section 1202—Adequacy Of Means Of Egress In Existing Section 208—G 1-18 Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-51 Section 209—H . . .. . ...... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... 1-18 Section 1203—Means Of Egress Obstructions . . .. . 1-51 Section 210—I . . .. . . . ...... . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . 1-19 Section 1204—Aisles . .. . .. .. ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1-51 Section 211—J 1-19 Section 1205—Fire Escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-51 Section 212—K . .. . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 1-19 Section 1206—Emergency Escapes . . . . . . ... . . . . 1-51 Section 213—L.. . . . . .... ... . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . 1-19 Section1207—Doors . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 1-51 Section 214—M .. . . . . . ..... . . .. . .. . . . . .... . 1-20 Section 1208—Gates And Barriers . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 1-52 Section 215—N . .. . . .... . . . . . . .. . .... . . . . .. 1-20 Section 1209—Corridors . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-52 Section 216—O 1-20 Section 1210—Stairways And Ramps . . . . ... . . . . l-52 Section 217—P .. . . . . ....... . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . 1-23 Section 1211—Means Of Egress Illumination.. . . . . 1-52 Section 218—Q . . . .. . . ... . . . . . .. . ... . . .... . 1-24 Section 1212—Means Of Egress Identification . . . . . 1-52 Section 219—R.. . . .... .. ... . . . . .. . . . . . ..... 1-25 Section 1213—Discharge,Dispersal And Refuge . . . 1-53 Section 220—S . ... . ..... .. . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . 1-25 Article13—Emergency Procedures ................. 1-55 Section 221—T. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . .. . . ... . . 1-26 Section 1301—General . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . .. . . 1-55 Section 222—U . . . . ..... .... . . . .. . . . .. . ... . 1-27 Section 1302—Reporting Of Emergencies And False Alarms. Section 223—V 1-27 1-55 . .. . . . ..... . . . . .. . ... . . ... . . Section 224—W . . . . .. ... . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . 1-27 Section 1303—Emergency Plans And Procedures . . 1-55 Section 225—X .. . . . ... ... . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . 1-28 Part IV Special Occupancy Uses Section 226—Y . . . . .. .... .. . . . .. . . . . . . .... . 1-28 Section 227—Z... . . .... . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 1_28 Article 24—Aviation Facilities ..................... 1-57 Section 2401 —General . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57 Part III General Provisions for Safety Section 2402—Aircraft Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57 Section 2403—Portable Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . 1-57 Article 9—Fire Department Access And Water Supply 1-29 Section 2404—Aircraft Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-58 Section 901 —General ..... ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 1-29 Section 2405—Helistops And Heliports . . . .. . . . . . 1-62 Section 902—Fire Department Access . ... . .... . . 1-29 Article 25—Places Of Assembl 1-63 Section 903—Water Supplies And Fire Hydrants . .. 1-30 y ................ Section 2501—General . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-63 Article 10—Fire-protection Systems And Equipment .. 1-33 Section 2502—Reviewing Stands,Grandstands,Bleachers Section 1001—General .... . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .... 1-33 And Folding And Telescoping Seating 1-66 Section 1002—Portable Fire Extinguishers . . .... . . 1-34 Section 2503—Securing Of Chairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-67 x Section 2504—Outdoor Carnivals And Fairs .... . . 1-67 Section 3211—Means Of Egress . ... . . .. . ....... 1-81 Section 2505—Liquid And Gas-fueld Vehicles And Section 3212—Maintenance Of Means Of Egress. .. 1-82 Equipment. . .. ... . .... . ..... ... . 1-67 Section 3213—Means Of Egress Illumination . . . . . 1-82 Article 26 ....................................... 1-69 Section 3214—Exit Signs .. . . .. .. ... . .. . . . ... . 1-82 Article 27—Cellulose Nitrate Plastics(Pyroxylin),Storage And Section 3215—Sources Of Ignition.. . . .. . . ..... . 1-82 Handling ............................. 1-71 Section 3216—Cooking And Heating. . . . . ....... 1-82 Section 2701—Scope 1-71 Section 3217—Flammable And Combustible Liquids 1-82 Section 2702—Definitions 1-71 Section 3218—Display Of Motor Vehicles ... . . . . . 1-82 Section 2703—Permits 1-71 Section 3219—Generators . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-82 Section 2704—Display Of Plastics 1-71 Section 3220—Standby Personnel .. . . . . . . . ... . . 1-82 Section 2705—Storage And Handling 1-71 Section 3221—Housekeeping ...... . . . . . . .. .... 1-83 Section 2706—Fire-protection Equipment .. . . ... . 1-71 Article 33—Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film ..... 1-85 Section 2707—Sources Of Ignition. . . .. . ...... . . 1-71 Section 3301—Scope . . ..... . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . . 1-85 Article 28—Storage And Handling Of Combustible Fibers.... Section 3302—Permits ... . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . 1-85 1-73 Section 3303—Buildings . . . ...... . . . . . . . ..... 1-85 Section 2801—Scope 1-73 Section 3304—Storage And Handling .. . ........ 1-85 Section 2802—Definitions ... . .. . . ... . . ..... . . 1-73 Article 34—Automobile Wrecking Yards ............ 1-87 Section 2803—Permits . .... ... . .... . .... .. .. . 1-73 Section 3401—Scope . .. . ......... . .. . .. .... . 1-87 Section 2804—Loose Storage .. .... .. ........ . . 1-73 Section 3402—Definitions 1-87 Section 2805—Baled Storage . .. . ..... . ..... . . . 1-73 Section 3403—Permits . .... . . . . . ... . . . .... . . . 1-87 Section 2806—Storage Of Agricultural Products . . . 1-73 Section 3404—Fire Apparatus Access Roads . .... . 1-87 Section 2807—Dust-collecting System ......... . . 1-73 Section 3405—Welding And Cutting . . .. ........ 1-87 Section 3406—Housekeeping. . . . . .... ... . ... . . 1-87 Article 29—Repair Garages ....................... 1-75 Section 3407—Fire Protection . ....... .. . . . ... . 1-87 Section 2901—General ..... .. . ..... ...... .. . . 1-75 Section 3408—Tires .... ... ....... . .. . ....... 1-87 Section 2902—Repair Garages Forliquid-fueled And Section 3409—Burning Operations . ... . ..... . . . 1-87 Lpg-fueled Vehicles . .... . ...... . . 1-75 Section 2903—Repair Garages For Natural Gas And Section 3410—Motor Vehicle Fluids And Hazardous Materials 1-87 Hydrogen-fueled Vehicles........ . . 1-75 Article 35—Covered Mall Buildings ................ 1-89 Article 30—Wood Products ....................... 1-77 Section 3501—Scope . .. .. . . ........ . . . . . . .. . 1-89 Section 3001—Scope . ..... .. ..... . ........ . . 1-77 Section 3502—Definitions 1-89 . . ......... . .. . ....... Section 3002—Definitions .. . .. . .. ... . ...... . . 1-77 Section 3503—Permits . .... . . . . . .... . ... . . . . . 1-89 Section 3003—Permits ....... . ..... .... . . . .. . 1-77 Section 3504—General Requirements.. . .. . . . .... 1-89 Section 3004—General Requirements.... ...... . . 1-77 Section 3505—Temporary Structures 1-89 Section 3005—Log Storage Areas .... .......... 1-77 Section 3506—Temporary Places Of Assembly . .. . 1-89 Section 3006—Storage Of Wood Chips And Hogged Material Article 36—Dry Cleaning1-91 In Association With Timber And Lumber ''''''' Production Facilities 1-77 Section 3601—General .... . . ... ..... .. . . . ... . 1-91 Section 3007—Plywood And Veneer Mills.. ... .. . 1-77 Section 3602—Dry Cleaning With Noncombustible Liquids Section 3008—Storage And Processing Of Wood Chips, Except For Limited-access Spotting Operations 1-91 Hogged Materials,Fines,Compost And Raw Product In Association With Yard Waste And Section 3603—Dry Cleaning With Flammable And Recycling Facilities 1-78 Combustible Liquids .... . .. . . .... . 1-92 . ...... ....... . . Section 3009—Exterior Storage Of Finished Lumber Part V Special Processes Products . .. .. . ... . . ... . ...... . . 1-78 Article 31 ....................................... 1-79 Article 45—Application Of Flammable Finishes ...... 1-95 Section 4501—General .. .. . . ....... . .. . . . . .. . 1-95 Article 32— Temporary Membrane Structures,Tents And Section 4502—Spray Finishing 1-95 Canopies ............................. 1-81 P Y t .s ... . . . ....... Section 4503—Dipping Operations . .... . .. . . . . . 1-98 Section 3201—Scope ...... ... ...... .. .... . . . 1-81 Section 4504—Electrostatic Apparatus .. .... . . . .. 1-100 Section 3202—Definitions .. . ... . . . ......... . . 1-81 Section 4505—Powder Coating 1-100 Section 3203—Permits ...... . ...... .... . . . . . . 1-81 Section 4506—Organic Peroxides And Dual-component Section 3204—Use Period .. ... . ..... . ...... . . 1-81 Coatings . . ...... . . ... . . .. ... ... 1-101 Section 3205—Access,Location And Parking .. .. . 1-81 Article 46—Fruit-ripening Processes................ 1-103 Section 3206—Structural Stability .... .. .. . .. . .. 1-81 Section 4601—Scope 1-103 Section 3207—Flame Retardant Treatments ..... . . 1-81 Section 4602—Permits . . . .. . . . . . .... . ........ 1-103 Section 3208—Portable Fire Extinguishers ..... . . . 1-81 Section 4603—Use Of Ethylene . . . . . . .. . . . .... . 1-103 Section 3209—Maximum Occupant Load ... . . .. . 1-81 Section 4604—Electrical Equipment And Illumination ..... Section 3210—Seating Arrangements.. .. .. .... . . 1-81 1-103 A Section 4605—Heating . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . ... 1-103 Article 52—Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations.... 1-123 Section 4606—Sources Of Ignition. . . . . . . . . . . ... 1-103 Section 5201—General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 1-123 Section 4607—Housekeeping . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 1-103 Section 5202—Flammable And Combustible Liquid Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations . . . . . 1-124 Article 47—Fumigation And Thermal Insecticidal Section 5203—Liquefied Petroleum Gas Motor Vehicle Fogging .............................. 1-105 Fuel-dispensing Stations . . .... . . . . . 1-133 Section 4701—Scope .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... . . . . ... 1-105 Section 5204—Compressed Natural Gas Motor Vehicle Section 4702—Permits . . . .... . ... . . . . . . . . ... . 1-105 Fuel-dispensing Stations 1-133 Section 4703—Sources Of Ignition.. . . . . . . . . .. . . 1-105 Section 4704—Notification Of Fumigation . . . . ... 1-105 Part VI Special Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-135 Section 4705—Breathing Apparatus . .. . .. . . . . .. . 1-105 Article 61—Oil-burning Equipment ................ 1-135 Section 4706—Watch During Fumigation . . . . .. . . 1-105 Section 6101—Scope 1-135 Section 4707—Sealing Of Buildings . .. . . . .. .. .. 1-105 Section 6102—General .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . 1-135 Section 4708—Warning Signs . . . .. ..... . . . . . . . 1-105 Section 6103—Permits . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . 1-135 Section 4709—Venting And Cleanup . . . . . . . . . .. . 1-105 Section 6104—Electrical Wiring And Equipment. . . 1-135 Section 4710—Thermal Insecticidal Fogging Liquids 1-105 Section 6105—Fuel Oil . . .. . .. . . . . ... .... . . . . 1-135 Section 4711—Carbon Disulfide And Hydrogen Section 6106—Portable Unvented Oil-burning Heating Cyanide . ... .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . 1-105 Appliances. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .... . . . . 1-135 Article 48—Magnesium .......................... 1-107 Article 62—Industrial Baking And Drying Ovens ..... 1-137 Section 4801—Scope 1-107 Section 6201—Scope .. . . .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... . 1-137 Section 4802—Permits 1-107 Section 6202—Permits And Plans . . . . . .. . . . ... . 1-137 Section 4803—Storage Of Pigs,Ingots And Billets . 1-107 Section 6203—Location And Construction . . . .. . . 1-137 Section 4804—Melting Pots ... . . .. . . . . . ... .. .. 1-107 Section 6204—Ventilation . .. . . .. . . . . ... .. . . . . 1-137 Section 4805—Storage Of Magnesium Articles In Foundries Section 6205—Safety Controls . ... . . . . . ...... . . 1-137 And Processing Plants . .. . . . . . . .... 1-107 Article 63—Refrigeration ......................... 1-139 Section 4806—Heat-treating Ovens . . . . . . . . . . ... 1-107 Section 6301—Scope . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . ..... . . . . 1-139 Section 4807—Magnesium Processing Operations . . 1-107 Section 6302—Classification . .... . .. . . . . .. . . . . 1-139 Section 4808—Fire-extinguishing Materials . . . .. . . 1-107 Section 6303—Definitions . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . . ... . 1-139 Section 4809—Storage Of Magnesium Articles .. .. 1-107 Section 6304—Permits And Plans . . .. . .. . . . . .. . 1-139 Section 4810—Fine Magnesium Scrap 1-107 Section 6305—Installation And Maintenance . .. . . . 1-139 Section 6306—Access . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . ... . 1-139 Article 49—Hot Work............................ 1-109 Section 6307—Emergency Control Box . ... . . ... . 1-139 Section 4901—General . . . . . . . . . .. .. .... . . . ... 1-109 Section 6308—Treatment And Flaring Systems For Discharge Section 4902—Fixed Hot-work Areas . . . .. . . . ... 1-110 1-139 Article 50—Manufacture Of Organic Coatings ....... 1-111 Section 6309—Ammonia Discharge . . . . ..... . . . . 1-139 Section 5001—Scope 1-111 Section 6310—Refrigeration Machinery Rooms . . . . 1-140 Section 5002—Definitions 1-111 Section 6311—Refrigeration Machinery Room Ventilation .. 1-140 Section 5003—Permits . . . .. . . . . .... . .. . . .. ... 1-111 Section 6312—Refrigerated Process And Storage Areas . .. . . Section 5004—Process Buildings . .. . . . ... . . . .. . 1-111 1-141 Section 5005—Storage Of Raw Materials And Finished Section 6313—Detection And Alarm Systems ... . . 1-141 Products . ....... . .. . ..... ...... 1-111 Section 6314—Refrigeration Machinery Room Equipment Section 5006—Spill Control,Drainage Control And And Controls .. ... . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . 1-141 Secondary Containment . ... . . . . ... 1-111 Section 6315—Refrigerant Control Valves ..... . . . 1-141 Section 5007—Process Mills,Mixers And Kettles . . 1-111 Section 6316—Protection From Mechanical Damage 1-142 Section 5008—Process Piping . . ... . . . . . ..... . . 1-112 Section 6317—Electrical. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1-142 Section 5009—Transfer Of Flammable And Combustible Section 6318—Instructions . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-142 Liquids In Process Areas . . .. . . . ... . 1-112 Section 6319—Emergency Signs And Labels . .... . 1-142 Section 5010—Raw Materials In Process Areas ... . 1-112 Section 6320—Testing Of Equipment. . . . .... . .. . 1-142 Section 5011—Electrical Equipment. . . . . . . .. .. .. 1-112 Section 6321—Notification Of Discharges . . . . . . . . 1-142 Section 5012—Protection From Static Electricity And Section 6322—Storage,Handling And Use . ... . . . 1-142 Lightning. . . . . . . . . .... ... . . . . .. . 1-112 Section 6323—Changing Of Refrigerant Type . .. . . 1-142 Section 5013—Fire Protection . .. ... . . ... . . . .. . 1-112 Section 6324—Records.. . . . .. . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 1-142 Section 5014—Maintenance . .. . ... ... . . .. .... . 1-113 Article 64—Stationary Lead-acid Battery Systems .... 1-143 Article 51—Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities ..... 1-115 Section 6401—Scope 1-143 Section 5101—General . .... . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .... 1-115 Section 6402—Definitions . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . 1-143 Section 5102—Storage . ....... . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . 1-118 Section 6403—Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 1-143 Section 5103—Use And Handling .... . . . . .... .. 1-118 Section 6404—Installation And Maintenance ... . . . 1-143 xii Part VII Special Supjects Section 8204—Location Of Containers. ... ... .... 1-251 Article 74—Compressed Gases..................... 1-145 Section 8205—Prohibited Use Of Lp-gas ... .. .... 1-252 Section 7401—General . .. .... ... ...... . . .. . . . 1-145 Section 8206—Dispensing And Overfilling . .. .... 1-252 Section 7402—Storage .. . .... ... ..... . . . .. . . . 1-146 Section 8207—Safety Devices .. . . . .. ... . .. .... 1-252 Section 7403—Use And Handling . ..... . . . 1-147 Section 8208—Smoking And Other Sources Of Ignition .. . . 1-252 Section 7404—Medical Gas Systems .. .. . . ... . . . 1-147 Section 8209—Clearance To Combustibles . .. .... 1-252 Article 75—Cryogenic Fluids ...................... 1-149 Section 8210—Protecting Containers From Vehicles 1-252 Section 7501—General ... .... ... ..... . . . .. . . . 1-149 Section 8211—Fire Protection .... ...... . .. .... 1-252 Section 7502—Storage .. ..... ... ...... . ... . . . 1-151 Section 8212—Storage Of Portable Containers Awaiting Use Section 7503—Use And Handling . ..... . . . .. . . . 1-152 Or Resale ........ .. ... ... . .. .... 1-252 Article 76—Prevention Of Dust Explosions .......... 1-153 Section 8213—Containers Not In Service .. . .. .... 1-253 Section 7601—General . . .. ... ... ..... . ... . . . . 1-153 Section 8214—Parking And Garaging .. . . . .. .... 1-253 Section 7602—Enclosures .... .. . .. .... ... . . . . 1-153 Article 83 ....................................... 1-255 Section 7603—Separators . . . . . .. . .......... ... 1-153 Article 84—Motion Picture Projection .............. 1-257 Section 7604—Dust Collection ... . .. ....... .... 1-153 Section 8401—Scope 1-257 Section 7605—Housekeeping . . . . .. . . ...... .... 1-153 Section 8402—Projection Rooms .......... .. . . . 1-257 Section 7606—Electrical Grounding. . ...... . .... 1-153 Section 8403—Smoking ... .. ......... .. . . . .. . 1-257 Section 7607—Smoking And Open Flames .. .... . 1-153 Section 8404—Projection Equipment ...... .. .... 1-257 Section 7608—Explosion Control . ..... . . . ... .. 1-153 Section 8405—Film Storage And Use 1-257 Article 77—Explosive Materials.................... 1-155 Article 85—Electrical Equipment And Wiring ........ 1-259 Section 7701—General ....... ... .. ....... .... 1-155 Section 8501—Scope 1-259 Section 7702—Storage ...... ... .. . . ...... .... 1-156 Section 8502—Definitions 1-259 Section 7703—Use,Handling And Transportation .. 1-159 Section 8503—Use Of Temporary Wiring .. . ..... 1-259 Section 7704—Manufacturing,Assembling And Testing . . . . Section 8504—Abatement Of Electrical Hazards ... 1-259 1-162 Section 8505—Electrical Motors . . . ..... . .. .... 1-259 Article 78—Fireworks And Pyrotechnic Special Effects Section 8506—Extension Cords And Flexible Cords 1-259 Material .............................. 1-167 Section 8507—Multiplug Adapters..... . . .. .. .. . 1-259 Section 7801—General ...... ... .. . . ...... .... 1-167 Section 7802—Fireworks 1-167 Section 8508—Power Taps .. . . ....... . . . ..... . 1-259 ..' ' ' '' ' '''''''' '''' Section 8509—Access To Switchboards And Section 7803—Pyrotechnic Special Effects Material. 1-169 Panelboards ....... ....... . .. .... 1-259 Article 79—Flammable And Combustible Liquids .... 1-171 Article 86-Fire Protection Plan Urban-wildland Interface Section 7901—General ..... . ... ... ....... .... 1-171 (Uwi)Areas ........................... 1-261 Section 7902—Storage ....... . . ..... .... ..... 1-177 Section 8601-General . . .... . ........... . ..... 1-261 Section 7903—Dispensing,Use,Mixing And Handling ... .. Article 87—Firesafety During Construction, 1-200 Alteration Or Demolition Of A Building .... 1-263 Section 7904—Special Operations .. .. . .... . .... 1-205 Section 8701—Scope 1-263 Article 80—Hazardous Materials .................. 1-213 Section 8702—Permits .......... . ... .. . .. .... 1-263 Section 8001—General ....... ............ . ... 1-213 Section 8703—Approvals ............ .... . .... 1-263 Section 8002—Classification By Hazard ..... .... 1-221 Section 8704—Firesafety During Construction... .. 1-263 Section 8003—Storage ....... . .. ....... . ..... 1-224 Section 8705—Alterations Of Buildings ... . .. .... 1-264 Section 8004—Use,Dispensing And Handling . . . . 1-238 Section 8706—Firesafety During Demolition .. ... . 1-264 Article 81—High-piled Combustible Storage ......... 1-243 Section 8707—Asbestos Removal ........ . .. .. . 1-264 Section 8101—General .. . .... ... ..... .. . .. . . . 1-243 Article 88—Aerosol Products ...................... 1-265 Section 8102—General Fire-protection And Life-safety Section 8801—General .. ..... . ...... . ... .. .. . 1-265 Features ....... .. . .. . . ...... .... 1-246 Section 8802—Storage And Retail Displays . . .. . . . 1-265 Section 8103—Solid-piled And Shelf Storage . .... 1-247 Section 8803—Automatic Fire-extinguishing Systems And Section 8104—Rack Storage .. ... ..... ..... . . . 1-248 Storage Arrangements ... ... . . . .... 1-269 Section 8105—Automated Storage .. . . ...... . ... 1-248 Section 8106—Specialty Storage .. ..... .. . . . . . . 1-248 Part VIII Standards Article 82—Liquefied Petroleum Gases .............. 1-251 Article 90—Standards ........................... 1-273 Section 8201—Scope ....... . . ... ...... . . .... 1-251 Section 9001—General . .... . .... ....... .. . ... 1-273 Section 8202—Permits,Plans And Records . ... . . . 1-251 Section 9002—Ufc Standards ... . . .... .. . .. .... 1-273 Section 8203—Installation Of Equipment..... .... 1-251 Section 9003—Recognized Standards..... . . .. ... 1-274 All California Standards Section 22—Use Of Motorcycles,Motor Scooters And Motor Article 91—california Standards ........... 1-277 Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1-295 Part IX Appendices Section 23—Tampering With Fire Department Locks. Barricades And Signs . 1-295 Appendix I-A Life-safety Requirements For Existing Buildings Section 24—Liability For Damage ... . . . . . . . . .. . 1-295 Other Than High Rise......................... 1-284 Appendix Ii-b ................................... 1-297 Section 1—General . . . . . .... . . . ... . . . . . . . ... 1-284 Section 2—Means Of Egress .. .. ... . .. . . . . . .. . 1-284 Protection Of Flammable And Combustible Liquid Tanks Section 3—Enclosure Of Vertical Shafts . . . . . . .. . 1-285 In Locations Subject To Flooding ............... 1-297 Section 4—Basement Access Or Sprinkler Protection 1-285 Section 1 —Pipe Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-297 Section 5—Standpipes . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ... 1-285 Section 2—Aboveground Tanks . . . . . . . . . . ..... 1-297 Section 6—Smoke Detectors . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . 1-285 Section 3—Underground Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1-297 Section 7—Separation Of Occupancies . . . . . . . .. . 1-285 Section 4—Independent Water Supply Facilities . . . 1-297 Section 5—Structural Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-297 Appendix I-B Life-safety Requirements For Existing High-rise Section 6—Safe Practices.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-298 Buildings ................................... 1-287 Section 7—Inspections.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-298 Section 1—Scope. . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . 1-287 Section 2—General . . . . . . . . .. . . ... . . . . . . . ... 1-287 APpendixII-C ................................... 1-299 Section 3—Compliance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 1-287 Marinas ........................................ 1-299 Section 4— Authority Of The Chief .. . . . . . .. .. . 1-287 Section 1—Scope .. . . ..... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-299 Section 5—Appeals Board ..... . .... . . . . . . . .. . 1-287 Section 2—Plans And Approvals . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1-299 Section 6—Specific Provisions And Alternates . .. . 1-287 Section 3—Permits . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .... . . 1-299 Section 4—Definitions . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .... . . 1-299 Appendix I-C Section 5—Fire Prevention . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... 1-299 Stairway Identification ........................ 1-291 Section 6—Fire-protection Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 1-299 Section 1— Scope .. . . . . ..... . ... .. .. . . . . .. . 1-291 Section 7—Transmission Of Alarms . . . . . . . ... . . . 1-299 Section 2— General . . . . ... . . .. . . ... . . . ... .. . 1-291 Section 8—Marine Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations . . Section 3— Sign Details . . . . . . . ... .. .. . . .. .. . 1-291 1-299 Section 4— Examples . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . ... 1-291 Appendix II-D ................................... 1-301 Appendix II-A Suppression And Control Of Hazardous Fire Areas. 1-293 Rifle Ranges..................................... 1-301 Section 1 —Scope. . . . .. . ..... . .... . . . . . . . .. . 1-293 Section 1—Permit .. .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-301 Section 2—Definitions . . ... .. . . ... ... . . . . . .. . 1-293 Section 2—Supervision By Range Officer . . . . . . .. 1-301 Section 3—Permits. . . . . .. . . . . .... ... . . . .. .. . 1-293 Section 3—Qualifications Of Range Officer . .... . . 1-301 Section 4—Restricted Entry . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . ... 1-293 Section 4—Inspection And Disposal Of Ammunition 1-301 Section 5—Trespassing On Posted Property ... . . . 1-293 Section 5—Portable Fire Appliances . . . . . . . . ... . . 1-301 Section 6—Smoking 1-293 Section 6—Removal Of Vegetation. . .. . . . . . .. . .. 1-301 Section 7—Spark Arresters 1-293 Section 7—Warnings . .. . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 1-301 Section 8—Tracer Bullets,Tracer Charges,Rockets And Appendix H-E ................................... 1-303 Model Aircraft. . . . ... ... .. . .. . .. . 1-293 Section 9—Explosives And Blasting ... . .. ... . . . 1-293 Hazardous Materials Management Plans And Section 10—Fireworks.. . ..... . . ... . . . . . . . .. . 1-293 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements ....... 1-303 Section 11—Apiaries 1-293 Section 1—Scope . . . . . ... . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 1-303 Section 12—Open-flame Devices 1-294 Section 2—Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements . . ... . .. . . . ... . . .. . . Section 13—Outdoor Fires. . . . . .. . . .. . . . ... . . . 1-294 Section 3—Hazardous Materials Management Plan Section 14—Incinerators And Fireplaces . . . . . . . .. 1-294 (Hmmp). .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 1-303 Section 15—Clearance Of Brush And Vegetative Growth Section 4—Maintenance Of Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-304 From Electrical Transmission Lines.. . 1-294 Section 16—Clearance Of Brush Or Vegetative Growth From Appendix H-F ................................... 1-311 Structures . . .... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1-295 Section 17—Clearance Of Brush Or Vegetative Growth From Secondary Containment For Underground Tank Systems Roadways .. .. .. . . ... . .. . . .. . . . . 1-295 Containing Flammable Or Combustible Liquids ... 1-311 Section 1—Scope . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1-311 Section 18—Unusual Circumstances. . ... . . . . . . . . 1-295 Section 2—Circumstances Warranting Secondary Section 19—Dumping . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . 1-295 Containment 1-311 .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . Section 20—Disposal Of Ashes . . . ... . . . . ... . . . 1-295 Section 3—Approved Methods Of Secondary Section 21—Use Of Fire Roads And Firebreaks . . . . 1-295 Containment .. . . . ... . .. . .. ... . . . 1-311 AV Appendix II-H................................... 1-313 Appendix III-BB................................. 1-325 Site Assessments For Determining Potential Fire And Explosion Fire Hydrant Locations And Distribution............. 1-325 Risks From Underground Flammable Or Combustible Section I—Scope.. ... . . . .... ... . . . .. ....... 1-325 Liquid Tank Leaks ........................... 1-313 Section 2—Location . . . . .... . ...... . .. . ..... 1-325 Section 1—Scope .... . . . . . . .... .. ... . . . . . . .. 1-313 Section 3—Number Of Fire Hydrants 1-325 Section 2—Site Assessment Criteria . . . . . . . . . .... 1-313 Section 4—Consideration Of Existing Fire Hydrants 1-325 Section 3—Site Assessment Records . ...... ..... 1-313 Section 5—Distribution Of Fire Hydrants . ....... 1-325 Appendix II-I ................................... 1-315 Appendix III-C .................................. 1-327 Ozone Gas-generating Equipment................... 1-315 Inspection,Testing And Maintenance Of Section 1—Scope 1-315 Water-based Fire-protection Systems ............ 1-327 Section 1—General .. . . . .... .. ........ ... . . .. 1-327 Section 2—Definitions . ...... . . .. ........... . 1-315 Section 3—Standards . ..... . . . . . . ......... . . . 1-315 Appendix HI-D .................................. 1-329 Section 4—Location . . . . . . . .......... .. .. . ... 1-315 Fire Department Access Guidelines .................. 1-329 Section 5—Piping Valves And Fittings .... . . . .... 1-315 Section 1—General .. .. . ... . .......... ... . . .. 1-329 Section 6—Automatic Shutdown .... .. . . .... . . . 1-315 Section 2—Means Of Access .... .. .... ... ... . . 1-329 Section 7—Manual Shutdown ..... . . . ...... . . . 1-315 Section 3—Parking ... . . . .......... .. .. . . . . .. 1-329 Section 4—Road Widths . ............... ...... 1-329 Appendix II-K ................................... 1-317 Section 5—Dead Ends . .... ... ........ ...... . 1-329 Nonprotected Aboveground Steel Tanks For Private Motor Section 6—Specifications . . .... .. . .... .. . . . . .. 1-329 Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations Outside Buildings . 1-317 Appendix IV-A .................................. 1-331 Section 1—Scope .......... . ..... . . . . . . . . ... 1-317 Section 2—Definitions . ... . . .... . . .......... . 1-317 Interior Floor Finish .............................. 1-331 Section 3—Permits And Plans 1-317 Section 1—Scope .. ... .. . . ... .. ..... .. ... . . . 1-331 Section 2—General ... . . ..... ..... . . ... ...... 1-331 Section 4—Tank Design ....... . .. .. . . . . . . . ... 1-317 Section 3—Testing And Classification Of Materials . 1-331 Section 5—Installation Of Tanks. .. ....... . ..... 1-317 Section 6—Installation Of Dispensing And Piping Systems .. Appendix IV-B .................................. 1-333 1-318 Christmas Trees.................................. 1-333 Section 7—Parking Of Tank Vehicles ........ .... 1-318 Section 1— Scope... .. ... . . .......... .. .... . 1-333 Section 8—Maintenance . . . . .... . . ........... . 1-318 Section 2— Permits.... .. ..... ... .... .. .. . . .. 1-333 Section 3— Flame Retardance . .......... ...... 1-333 Division III Fire Protection ........................ 1-307 Section 4— Tags .... .. . ... . ... ....... ..... . . 1-333 Appendix III-A .................................. 1-319 Section 5— Support Device ............. . . .... 1-333 Section 6— Butt Cut.. .. .... ................. 1-333 Fire-flow Requirements For Buildings ............... 1-319 Section 7— Watering 1-333 Section 1—Scope. .. . . . . . ... . . . . ......... . . . 1-319 Section 8— Dryness 1-333 .. .. ..... ......... . ...... Section 2—Definitions ....... . . . . . .. .. . . . . ... 1-319 Section 9— Open Flames .. . ..... ..... .. . ... .. 1-333 Section 2—Modifications... ........ .......... 1-319 Section 10— Electric Lights ............. . ..... 1-333 Section 3—Fire Area ... .. ........ . .. .... .... 1-319 Section 11— Daily Tests . ..................... 1-333 Section 4—Fire-flow Requirements For Buildings.. 1-319 Appendix V-A ................................... 1-335 [For Sfm]State Appendix III-AA ................... 1-321 Nationally Recognized Standards Of Good Practice .... 1-335 Fire-flow Requirements For Buildings 1-321 Section 1—Scope ..... ... .... ..... . . .. . . . . .. 1-335 Section I—Scope . . . . . .. . . . . . ... 1-321 Section 2—Standards . .. ..... ................ 1-335 Section 2—Definitions ..... ................ . . 1-321 Appendix VI-A .................................. 1-337 Section 3—Modifications...... . .. . .. ...... ... 1-321 Hazardous Materials Classifications ................. 1-337 Section 4—Fire Area . ..... ............ ..... . 1-321 Section 1 —Scope 1-337 Section 5—Fire-flow Requirements For Buildings. . 1-321 Section 2—Hazard Categories . ......... .. ... . . 1-337 Fire Hydrant Locations And Distribution............. 1-323 Section 3—Evaluation Of Hazards. . ... . .. . .. ... 1-340 Section 4—Reference Publications....... ...... . 1-342 [For Sfm]State Appendix III-B ..................... 1-323 Appendix VI-B .................................. 1-345 Section 1—Scope .... ..... . . . .. . ... ... .. .... 1-323 Section 2—Location . ... ......... . . . ..... . . .. 1-323 Guidelines For Evaluating Fire Section 3—Number Of Fire Hydrants ... .. . . . . ... 1-323 Testing To Substantiate Alternate Materials And Fire-protection Section 4—Consideration Of Existing Fire Hydrants 1-323 Designs..................................... 1-345 Section 5—Distribution Of Fire Hydrants ..... . .. . 1-323 Section 1—Scope... . . . ... . .. . . . . ... . ..... . . 1-345 xv Section 2—Evaluation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-345 Section 3—Submittal . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 1-346 Appendix VI-C .................................. 1-347 Hazard Ranking ................................. 1-347 Section 1—Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-347 Section 2—General . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-347 Section 3—Degree Of Hazard . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. 1-347 Appendix VI-D .................................. 1-349 Emergency Relief Venting For Fire Exposure For Aboveground Tanks ...................................... 1-349 Appendix VI-E .................................. 1-353 Model Citation Program .......................... 1-353 Section 1—General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. 1-353 Section 2—Operating Procedure Citation Program 1-353 Appendix Vi-f Model Fees And Charges Program .............. 1-361 Section 1—General . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . 1-361 Section 2—Permit And Service Fees Ordinance .. .. 1-361 Section 3—Standard Hourly Fee.. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 1-361 Section 4—Renewable Permit Fees. . . . . . .. . .. . . . 1-361 Section 5—Inspection And Plan Review Fees For Installation, Removal Or Alteration Of Equipment . 1-362 Section 6—Inspection Or Plan Review Fees For Activity Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... . . . 1-362 Section 7—Fees For Records,Photographs And Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 1-362 Section 8—Annual Hazardous Materials Storage Permit Fee . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . .. 1-363 Appendix VI-G .................................. 1-365 Reference Tables From The Uniform Building Code .... 1-365 Appendix VI-H .................................. 1-379 Recommended Separation Distances For Explosive Materials .. 1-379 Section 1—Classification Of Explosive Materials .. 1-379 Section 2—Recommended Separation Distances For Explosive Materials . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. 1-379 Appendix VI-I ................................... 1-387 Cryogenic Fluids Weight And Volume Equivalents ................ 1-387 Appendix VI-J................................... 1-389 Refrigerant Groups And Properties.................. 1-389 Appendix VI-K .................................. 1-391 Unit Conversion Tables ........................... 1-391 Gage Conversion Table............................ 1-394 Index ........................................ 1-395 xvi California Matrix Adoption Tables ARTICLE 1 —ADMINISTRATION ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article X as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 101.1 CA X 101.2.1 CA X 101.2.2 CA X 101.2.2.1 CA X 101.2.2.2 CA X 103.1.2.1 CA X 103.1.4.2 CA X 105.8.1 CA X ARTICLE 2— DEFINITIONS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 10— FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- X ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 1001.1 CA X 101.2.1 CA X 1001.3 CA X 1001.4 CA X F- Xvill 1001.5.1.1 CA X 1001.5.1.2 CA X 1001.5.2 CA X 1001.7.4 CA X 1001.9 CA X 1002.1 CA X 1003.2.9 CA X 1003.2.10 CA X 1003.3.1 CA X 1004.1.2 CA X 1005.2.7 CA X 1006.2.1.3 CA X 1006.2.2.2 CA X 1006.2.13 CA X 1006.2.14 CA X 1006.2.14.1 CA X 1006.2.14.2 CA X 1006.2.4.1.1 CA X 1006.2.4.1.2 CA X 1006.2.4.3 CA X 1006.2.7.1.1 CA X 1006.2.7.1.2 CA X 1006.2.7.1.3 CA X 1006.2.7.2.1 CA X 1006.2.9.1.1 CA X 1006.2.9.1.3 CA X 1006.2.9.1.4 CA X 1006.2.9.1.5 CA X 1006.2.9.1.6 w/ex- CA X ceptions 1 &2 1006.2.9.2.1 w/ex- CA X captions 1&2 1006.2.9.2.2 CA X 1006.2.9.2.3 CA X 1006.2.9.3.1 CA X 1006.2.9.3.2 CA X 1006.2.9.3.3 CA X 1006.2.12.2.3 CA X 1006.2.12.5 CA X 1006.2.12.5.1 CA X 1006.2.12.5.2 CA X 1006.2.13 CA X 1006.3.1 CA X 1006.3.2 CA X 1006.3.3.1 CA X 1006.3.3.1.1 CA X 1006.3.3.3.1 CA X 1006.3.3.3.2 CA X 1006.3.3.3.3 CA X 1006.3.3.3.4 CA X 1006.3.3.4 CA X 1006.3.3.5 CA X 1006.3.3.6.1 CA X 1006.3.3.7 CA X 1006.3.4.2 CA X XVllt ARTICLE 11 -GENERAL SAFETY FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections X which are listed below 1102.5 UFC X 1106 UFC X 1107 UFC X 1110 UFC X ARTICLE 12- MAINTENANCE OF MEANS OF EGRESS AND EMERGENCY ESCAPES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections X which are listed below 1206 w/exceptions 2 CA X &3 1207.5 CA X ARTICLE 24-SPECIAL OCCUPANCY USES-AVIATION FACILITIES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 25- PLACES OF ASSEMBLY ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) ---ft Adopt only those sections which are listed below Ax ARTICLE 27-CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (PYROXYLIN), STORAGE AND HANDLING ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 28- STORAGE AND HANDLING OF COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below t it ARTICLE 29- REPAIR GARAGES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article x without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 30-WOOD PRODUCTS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below xx ARTICLE 32-TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES, TENTS AND CANOPIES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) s Adopt only those section which are listed below ARTICLE 33-CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 34-AUTOMOTIVE WRECKING YARDS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 35-COVERED MALLS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below xxi ARTICLE 36- DRY CLEANING ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC artice as amended(amendments listed below) T_ Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 40- MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTION STUDIO ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire CA Article with- x out amendments Adopt entire CA article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 41 -WINERY CAVES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire CA Article with- x out amendments Adopt entire CA article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 45 -APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below xxii ARTICLE 50- MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 51 -SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 5101.10.2 CA X 5101.10.2.1 CA X ARTICLE 52- MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL DISPENSING STATIONS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- X ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections X which are listed below 5201.5.1 X X ARTICLE 61 - OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below xxiii ARTICLE 62- INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING OVENS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 63 - REFRIGERATION ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 64-STAITONARY LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEMS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 74-COMPRESSED GASES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 11AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below xxiv ARTICLE 75- CRYOGENIC FLUIDS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- x ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 76 - PREVENTION OF DUST EXPLOSIONS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- x ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 77- EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 78 - FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNICS SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections X which are listed below 780.1.1.1 X xxv ARTICLE 79 - FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL L4FR L LOCAL STATE AGENCIES HEALTH OAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article X without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 80- HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Article without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC article x as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 8001.3.2 1 CA X 8001.3.3.1 CA X 8003.1.4.2 w/excep- CA X tion 8004.2.2.2 w/excep- CA X tlons 1 &2 ARTICLE 81 - HIGH PILE COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 82- LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASES ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- x ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below -4 xxvi ARTICLE 84- MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 11AC 12 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 85- ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND WIRING ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 11AC 12 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 87- FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION OR DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below ARTICLE 88-AEROSOL PRODUCTS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below xxvii ARTICLE 90- STANDARDS ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections X which are listed below 9001.1 CA x ARTICLE 91 ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire CA Article with- X out amendments Adopt entire CA article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below 9101.1 CA X 9101.1.1 CA X 9101.1.2 CA X 9101.1.3 CA x 9102.1 CA X 9102.3 CA X 9102.4 CA X 9102.5 CA X 9102.6 CA X 9102.7 CA x DIVISION III FIRE PROTECTION STATE APPENDIX III-AA ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire CA Article with- out amendments Adopt entire CA article as X amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below Section 1 X Section 3 X Section 5 X xxviii STATE APPENDIX III—BB FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1AC 2 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire CA Article with- X out amendments Adopt entire CA article as amended(amendments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below Section 1 CA I X Section 3 CA X Section 5 CA LX DIVISION VI INFORMATIONAL APPENDIX VI—A (See UFC Sections 8001.1.2 and 8002.3) ENFORCING AUTHORITY LOCAL BUILDINGOFFICAL LOCAL LOCAL STATE AGENCIES FIRE HEALTH OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Adopting Agency CEC CA HCD DSA SFM DHS DWR AGR BOC BSC DSA OSHPD DOSH SL AC SS 1 1 1AC 12 1 2 3 4 Adopt entire 2000 UFC Ar- X ticle without amendments Adopt entire 2000 UFC ar- ticle as amended(amend- ments listed below) Adopt only those sections which are listed below xxix 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 101 PART I GENERAL ARTICLE 1 — ADMINISTRATION SECTION 101 —GENERAL Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13108. 101.1 Title. This code shall be known as the UNIFORM FIRE Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. CODE,may be cited as such,and will be referred to herein as"this High—Rise Structures. Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code code." Section 13211. A [For SFM)For the state of California, this code shall be known Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. C as the CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE,may be cited as such,and will A be referenced to herein as "this code." Motion Picture Production Studios Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.1 101.2 Scope.[for SFM]and Application. Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. 101.2.1 Scope. This code prescribes regulations consistent with Organized Camps. Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Sec- nationally recognized good practice for the safeguarding to a rea- tion 18897.3 sonable degree of life and property from the hazards of fire explo- sion,and dangerous conditions arising from the storage,handling Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. and use of hazardous materials and devices,and from conditions All hotels, motels, lodging houses,apartment houses and dwell- hazardous to life or property in the use or occupancy of buildings ings, including congregate residences and buildings and struc- or premises and provisions to assist emergency response person- tures accessory thereto. nel. Multiple—story structures existing on January 1, 1975, let for The provisions of this code shall supplement any and all laws human habitation, including and limited to, hotels, motels,apart- relating to fire safety and shall apply to all persons without restric- ment houses, less than 75 feet(22 860mm)above the lowest floor tion,unless specifically exempted. level having building access,wherein rooms, used for sleeping are The provisions of this code do not apply to off-site transporta- let above the ground floor. tion of hazardous materials in accordance with DOT require- Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143.2 and ments. 17921. n 101.2.2 Applications and enforcing agency. SFM—California Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. C State Fire Marshal. Certified family—care homes, out—of—home placement facili- c 101.2.2.1 Application. Any building or structure used or intended ties, halfway houses,drug and/or alcohol rehabilitation facilities c for use as an asylum,jail, mental hospital, sanitarium, home for and any building or structure used or intended for use as a home or c the aged,childrens nursery,children's home,school or any similar institution for the housing of any person of any age when such per- c occupancy of any capacity. son is referred to or placed within such home or institution for A protection social care and supervision services by any govern- a Any theater, dance hall, skating rink, auditorium, assembly hall, mental agency. c meeting hall, nightclub,fair building, or similar place of assem- A Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6 c blage when 50 or more persons may gather together in a building, Aroom or structure for the purpose of amusement, entertainment, Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. n instruction, deliberation, worship, drinking or dining, awaiting Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used in connection n transportation, or eduction. with any occupancy. Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. c Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13116. A Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. c Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. A n Small Family Day—care Homes. Authority Cited—Health and Fire alarm devices, equipment systems,in connection with any A Safety Code Sections 1597.45, 1597.54,13143 and 17921. occupancy. CReference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13114. c Large Family Day—care Homes Authority Cited—Health and Hazardous Materials. c Safety Code Sections 1597.46,1597.54 and 17921. A Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143.9 n Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. c Reference—Health and Safety Code, Sections 25531-25545. A Residential Facilities and Residential Facilities for the Elderly Flammable and combustible liquids. c Authority Cite—Health and Safety Code Section 13113 and A13131.5 Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6 A Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. I01.2.2.2 Enforcing Agency. Pursuant to Section 13146,Health c and Safety Code, the responsibility for enforcement of building c Any state institution or other state—owned or state—occupied standards adopted by the state fire marshal and published in the A building. California Building Standards Code relating to fire and panic 1-1 101.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 103.1.2 safety and other regulations of the state fire marshal shall be as tion of such proceedings, and any judgment resulting therefrom follows: shall be assumed by this jurisdiction. 1. The city, county, or city and county jurisdiction in the area This code shall not be construed to relieve from or lessen the re- affected by the standard or regulation shall delegate the enforce- sponsibility of any person owning, operating or controlling any ment of the building standards relating to fire and panic safety and building or structure for any damages to persons or property other regulations of the state fire marshal as they relate to Group caused by defects, nor shall the code enforcement agency or its R,Division 3 dwellings as described in Section 310 ofPart 2 of the parent jurisdiction be held as assuming any such liability by rea- California Building Standards Code, to either of the following: son of the inspections authorized by this code or any permits or certificates issued under this code. 1.1 The chief of the fire authority of the city, county, or city See also Section 103.3.2.1. and county, or authorized representative. 1.2 The chief building official of the city,county,or city and 101.6 Conflicting Provisions. Where there is a conflict be- county or an authorized representative. tween a general requirement and a specific requirement,the spe- 2. The chief of any city or county fire department or of any cific requirement shall be applicable. fire protection district, and any authorized representative, 101.7 Severability. If any provision of this code or the applica- shall enforce within its jurisdiction the building standards tion thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid,the re- and other regulations of the state fire marshal, except those mainder of the code and the application of such provision to other described in Section 101.2.2.2, Item 1 or Item 4. persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby. 3. The state fire marshal shall have the authority to enforce 101.8 References to Appendix. When this code references the the building standards and other regulations of the state fire appendix, the provisions in the appendix shall not apply unless marshal in areas outside of corporate cities and districts specifically adopted. providing fire protection services. 101.9 Amendments. When reference is made to a portion of this 4. The state fire marshal shall have the authority to enforce code or other applicable laws or ordinances,the reference applies such building standards and other regulations of the state to all amendments and additions now or hereafter made. fire marshal in corporate and districts providing fire- protection services on request of the chieffire official or the SECTION 102—RETROACTIVE APPLICATION TO governing body. EXISTING CONDITIONS n- 5. Any fee charged pursuant to the enforcement authority n- 102.1 Existing Conditions. The provisions of this code shall ap- C of this section shall not exceed the estimated reasonable ply to conditions arising 180 days after the publication thereof or c cost of providing the service for which the fee is charged, at a later date as established by the California Building Standards c pursuant to Section 66014 of the Government Code. Commission, conditions not legally in existence at the effective c 101.3 Subjects Not Specifically Regulated by this date of this code, and to conditions which, in the opinion of the A- Code. Where no applicable standards or requirements are set chief, constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.See also Ap- A- C in this code,or contained within other laws,codes,regula- pendices 1-A and I-B. A tions, ordinances or bylaws adopted by the jurisdiction, com- pliance with applicable standards of the National Fire Protection SECTION 103—INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT Association or other nationally recognized fire safety standards as are approved shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of com- 103.1 General. pliance with the intent of this code. See also Section 9001.2. 103.1.1 Technical assistance. To determine the acceptability of Nothing herein shall derogate from the power of the chief to de- technologies,processes,products,facilities,materials and uses at- termine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or tending the design,operation or use of a building or premises sub- installations within the chief's jurisdiction or responsibility. ject to the inspection of the department,the chief is authorized to require the owner or the person in possession or control of the 101.4 Supplemental Rules and Regulations. The chief is au- building or premises to provide,without charge to the jurisdiction, thorized to render interpretations of this code and to make and en- a technical opinion and report.The opinion and report shall be pre- force rules and supplemental regulations in order to carry out the pared by a qualified engineer,specialist,laboratory or fire safety application and intent of its provisions.Such interpretations,rules specialty organization acceptable to the chief and the owner and and regulations shall be in conformance with the intent and pur- shall analyze the fire-safety properties of the design,operation or pose of this code and shall be available to the public during normal use of the building or premises and the facilities and appurte- business hours. nances situated thereon,to recommend necessary changes. The chief is authorized to require design submittals to bear the 101.5 Liability. The chief and other individuals charged by the stamp of a professional engineer. chief with the control or extinguishment of any fire,the enforce- ment of this code or any other official duties,acting in good faith 103.1.2 Alternate materials and methods. The chief is autho- and without malice in the discharge of their duties,shall not there- rized to approve alternate materials or methods provided that the by be rendered personally liable for any damage that may accrue chief finds that the proposed design,use or operation satisfactorily to persons or property as a result of any act or by reason of any act complies with the intent of this code and that the method of work or omission in the discharge of their duties. Any suit brought performed or operation is,for the purpose intended,at least equiv- against the chief or such individuals because of such act or orris- alent to that prescribed in this code in quality, strength,effective- sion performed in the enforcement of any provision of such codes ness, fire resistance, durability and safety. Approvals under the or other pertinent laws or ordinances implemented through the en- authority herein contained shall be subject to the approval of the forcement of this code or enforced by the code enforcement building official whenever the alternate material or method in- agency shall be defended by this jurisdiction until final termina- volves matters regulated by the Building Code. 1-2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 103.1.2 103.3.1.2 A 103.1.2.1[For SFM]Request for alternate means of protection. 103.2.1.1 General. The chief is authorized to administer and en- C Requests for approval to use an alternative material,assembly or force this code.Under the chief's direction,the fire department is c materials, equipment,method of construction, method of installa- authorized to enforce all ordinances of the jurisdiction pertaining c tion of equipment,or means of protection shall be made in writing to: c to the enforcing agency by the owner or the owner's authorized 1. The prevention of fires, c' representative and shall be accompanied by a full statement of the conditions. Sufficient evidence or proof shall be submitted to sub- 2. The suppression or extinguishment of dangerous or hazard- stantiate any claim that may be made regarding its conformance. ous fires, The enforcing agency may require tests and the submission of a 3. The storage,use and handling of hazardous materials, A- test report from an approved testing organization as set forth in c 4. The installation and maintenance of automatic,manual and A- Title 19, California code of Regulation,to substantiate the equiva C other private fire alarm systems and fire-extinguishing equip- s. lency of the proposed alternative means of protection. ment, c- The authority having jurisdiction may consider implementation 5. The maintenance and regulation of fire escapes, c of the findings and recommendations identified in a Risk Man- ageement Plan(RMP)as developed in accordance with Title 19, 6. The maintenance of fire protection and the elimination of Division 2, Chapter 3, when evaluating requests for alternative fire hazards on land and in buildings,structures and other proper- means of protection. ty,including those under construction, c Approval of a request for use of an alternative material,assem- 7. The maintenance of means of egress,and c bly of materials, equipment, method of construction, method of 8. The investigation of the cause,origin and circumstances of c installation of equipment, or means of protection made pursuant fire and unauthorized releases of hazardous materials. c to these provisions shall be limited to the particular case covered c by request and shall not be construed as establishing any prece For authority related to control and investigation of emergency A dent for any future request. scenes, see Section 104. 103.2.1.2 Fire prevention bureau personnel and police. The 103.1.3 Practical difficulties. The chief is authorized to modify chief and members of the fire prevention bureau shall have the any of the provisions of this code upon application in writing by powers of a police officer in performing their duties under this the owner,a lessee or a duly authorized representative where there code. are practical difficulties in the way of carrying out the provisions of the code,provided that the spirit of the code shall be complied When requested to do so by the chief,the chief of police is au- with,public safety secured and substantial justice done.The par- thorized to assign such available police officers as necessary to as- ticulars of such modification and the decision of the chief shall be sist the fire department in enforcing the provisions of this code. entered upon the records of the department and a signed copy shall 103.2.2 Organization of the fire prevention bureau. be furnished to the applicant. 103.2.2.1 General. A fire prevention bureau established within 103.1.4 Appeals. the fire department under the direction of the chief shall consist of fire department personnel assigned thereto by the chief.The func- 103.1.4.1 To determine the suitability of alternate materials and tion of this bureau shall be to assist the chief in the administration types of construction and to provide for reasonable interpretations and enforcement of the provisions of this code. of the provisions of this code,there shall be and hereby is created a board of appeals consisting of five members who are qualified by 103.2.2.2 Fire marshal. The chief is authorized to designate a experience and training to pass judgment upon pertinent matters. member of the fire department to exercise the powers and perform The chief shall be an ex officio member and shall act as secretary the duties of fire prevention engineer as set forth in this code.The of the board.The board of appeals shall be appointed by the execu- fire prevention engineer could also be known as fire marshal. tive body and shall hold office at their pleasure.The board shall 103.3 Inspection. adopt reasonable rules and regulations for conducting its inves- tigations and shall render decisions and findings in writing to the 103.3.1 General. fire chief,with a duplicate copy to the appellant. 103.3.1.1 Authority to inspect. The fire prevention bureau A 103.1.4.2 [For SFM]Appeals. When a request for an alternate shall inspect, as often as necessary,buildings and premises, in- C means of protection has been denied by the enforcing agency, the cluding such other hazards or appliances designated by the chief c applicant may file a written appeal to the state fire marshal for for the purpose of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any c consideration of the applicant's proposal. In considering such ap- conditions which would reasonably tend to cause fire or contrib- c peal, the state fire marshal may seek the advice of the State Board ute to its spread,or any violation of the purpose or provisions of c' of Fire Services. The State Fire Marshal shall,after considering this code and of any other law or standard affecting fire safety. c all of the facts presented, including any recommendations of the 103.3.1.2 Right of entry. Whenever necessary to make an in- s State board of Fire Services, determine if the proposal is for the spection to enforce any of the provisions of this code,or whenever A- purposes intended, at least equivalent to that specified in these C the chief has reasonable cause to believe that there exists in any A- regulations in quality, strength, effectiveness,fire resistance, du- C building or upon any premises any condition which makes such A- rability and safety,and shall transmit such findings and any rec- C building or premises unsafe,the chief is authorized to enter such A ommendations to the applicant and to the enforcing agency. building or premises at all reasonable times to inspect the same or 103.1.5 Appendix. See Appendix VI-E for additional informa- to perform any duty authorized by this code,provided that if such tion related to inspection and enforcement. building or premises is occupied,the chief shall first present prop- er credentials and demand entry;and if such building or premises 103.2 Authority for Inspection and Enforcement. is unoccupied,the chief shall first make a reasonable effort to lo- cate the owner or other persons having charge or control of the 103.2.1 Authority of the chief and the fire department. building or premises and demand entry. If such entry is refused, 1-3 103.3.1.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 103.4.3.3 the chief shall have recourse to every remedy provided by law to 103.4.1.2 Unsafe heating or electrical equipment and struc- secure entry. tural hazards. When the chief deems any chimney,smokestack, If the owner or occupant denies entry,the chief is authorized to stove,oven,incinerator,furnace or other heating device,electric obtain a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by fixture or any appurtenance thereto,or anything regulated under a law to secure entry.Owners,occupants or any other persons hav- nationally recognized standard in or upon any building,structure ing charge,care or control of any building or premises shall,after or premises not specifically mentioned in this code,to be defective proper request is made as herein provided,promptly permit entry or unsafe so as to create a hazard,the chief is authorized to serve therein by the chief for the purpose of inspection and examination upon the owner or the person having control of the property a writ- pursuant to this code. ten notice to repair or alter as necessary and shall notify any other authority enforcing codes regulating such equipment.The chief is For the purpose of Section 103.3.1.2,the term"chief"shall in- authorized to affix a condemnation tag prohibiting the use thereof clude the chief officer of the fire department serving the jurisdic- until such repairs or alterations are made.When affixed,such tag tion and the officers named in Sections 103.2.1.2 and 103.2.2.2. shall only be removed by the order of the chief when the hazard to which the order pertains has been eliminated in an approved man- 103.3.1.3 Stop orders. When any work is being done or a con- ner.Until removed,that item or device which has caused the haz- dition is being established contrary to the provisions of this code, and shall not be used or be permitted to be used. the fire chief may order the work stopped by notice in writing served on any persons engaged in doing or causing the work to be When an apparent structural hazard is caused by the faulty done. Such work shall stop until continuation is authorized by the installation, operation or malfunction of any of the items or de- chief. vices listed in this section,the chief shall immediately notify the building official to investigate such hazard and cause such hazard 103.3.2 New construction and alterations. to be abated as required by the Building Code. 103.3.2.1 General. Construction or work for which fire depart- 103.4.1.3 Stopping uses,evacuation.The chief is authorized to ment approval is required shall be subject to inspection by the order an operation or use stopped or the evacuation of any prem- chief and such construction or work shall remain accessible and ises,building or vehicle or portion thereof,which has or is a condi- exposed for inspection purposes until approved. tion hazardous to life or property regulated by this code. Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be 103.4.1.4 Time limit for corrective orders. Orders or notices an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other shall set forth a time limit for compliance dependent upon the haz- ordinances of the jurisdiction.Inspections presuming to give au- and and danger created by the violation. thority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other 103.4.2 Service of orders and notices. Orders and notices au- ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. thorized or required by this code shall be given or served upon the It shall be the duty of the permit applicant or contractor or both owner,operator,occupant or other person responsible for the con- to cause the work to remain accessible and exposed for inspection dition or violation either by verbal notification,personal service, purposes.Neither the chief nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for or delivering the same to and leaving it with a person of suitable expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material re- age and discretion upon the premises;or,if no such person is found quired to allow inspection. on the premises,by affixing a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on the door to the entrance of said premises and by mailing a copy 103.3.2.2 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the person thereof to such person by registered or certified mail to the per- doing the work authorized by a permit to notify the chief that such son's last known address. work is ready for inspection.The chief is authorized to require that every request for inspection be filed not less than one working day Orders or notices which are given verbally shall be confirmed before such inspection is desired.Such requests may be in writing by service in writing as herein provided. or by telephone at the option of the chief. 103.4.3 Compliance with orders,notices and tags. It shall be the duty of the person requesting any required inspec- 103.4.3.1 Compliance with orders and notices. Orders and no- tions to provide access to and means for proper inspection of such tces issued or served as provided by this code shall be complied work. with by the owner,operator,occupant or other person responsible 103.3.2.3 Changes in use or occupancy of buildings. Changes for the condition or violation to which the order or notice pertains. made in the character or use of an occupancy shall be in accor- In cases of extreme danger to persons or property,immediate com- dance with the Building Code. pliance is required. If the building or other premises is not owner occupied,under 103.3.3 Fire safety during construction and alterations. Fire lease or otherwise, and the order or notice requires additions or safety during construction,alteration or demolition of a building changes in the building or premises which would immediately be- shall be in accordance with Article 87. come real estate and be the property of the owner of the building or 103.3.4 Records. The fire prevention bureau shall retain for not premises, such orders or notices shall be complied with by the less than three years a record of each inspection made showing the owner. findings and disposition of each inspection made. EXCEPTION: when the owner and the occupant have agreed otherwise between themselves,in which event the occupant shall com- 103.4 Enforcement. ply. 103.4.1 Authorization to issue corrective orders and notices. 103.4.3.2 Compliance with tags. A building,premises or thing shall not be used when in violation of this code as noted on a tag 103.4.1.1 General. When the chief finds any building, prem- affixed in accordance with Section 103.4.1. ises,vehicle,storage facility or outdoor area that is in violation of 103.4.3.3 Removal and destruction of signs and tags. A sign this code,the chief is authorized to issue corrective orders. or tag posted or affixed by the chief shall not be mutilated, de- See also Appendix VI-E. stroyed or removed without authorization by the chief. 1-4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 103.4.4 105.7 103.4.4 Citations. The Chief is authorized to issue a citation to The police department is authorized to assist the fire department persons operating or maintaining an occupancy,premises or ve- in its investigations when requested to do so. hicle subject to this code who allow a hazard to exist or fail to take 104.3 Records and Reports. immediate action to abate a hazard on such occupancy,premises or vehicle when ordered or notified to do so. 104.3.1 Fire occurrences. The fire department shall keep a re- 103.4.5 Unsafe buildings. Buildings or structures which are cord of fires occurring within its jurisdiction and of facts concern- structurally unsafe or not provided with adequate egress,or which ing the same,including statistics as to the extent of such fires and constitute a fire hazard or are otherwise dangerous to human life, the damage caused thereby,together with other information as re- or which in relation to existing use constitute a hazard to safety or quired by the chief. health or public welfare,by reason of inadequate maintenance,di- 104.3.2 Record retention. The fire department shall retain for lapidation, obsolescence, fire hazard, disaster damage or aban- not less than three years a record of each investigation made show- donment as specified in this code or any other ordinance,are,for ing the cause,the findings and disposition of each investigation. the purpose of Section 103.4.5, unsafe buildings. Such unsafe buildings are hereby declared to be public nuisances and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or removal. See the SECTION 105—PERMITS procedure specified in Chapters 4 through 9 of the Uniform Code 105.1 Scope. Permits shall be in accordance with Section 105. for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings. 105.2 Conditions of Permits. 103.4.6 Appeals. For appeals,see Section 103.1.4. 105.2.1 General. A permit constitutes permission to maintain, store,use or handle materials,or to conduct processes which pro- SECTION 104—CONTROL AND INVESTIGATION OF duce conditions hazardous to life or property,or to install equip- EMERGENCY SCENES ment used in connection with such activities. Such permission 104.1 Authority at Fires and Other Emergencies. shall not be construed as authority to violate,cancel or set aside any of the provisions of this code.Such permit shall not take the 104.1.1 General. The chief or officer of the fire department in place of any license required by law. charge at the scene of a fire or other emergency involving the 105.2.2 Expiration. A permit shall continue until revoked or for protection of life or property or any part thereof,shall have the au- such a period of time as designated therein at the time of issuance. thority to direct such operation as necessary to extinguish or con- Permits shall not be transferable and any change in use,occupan- trol any fire, perform any rescue operation, investigate the cy,operation or ownership shall require a new permit. existence of suspected or reported fires,gas leaks or other hazard- ous conditions or situations or of taking any other action necessary 105.2.3 Compliance. Permit applicants and the applicants' in the reasonable performance of duty. In the exercise of such agents and employees shall carry out the proposed activity in com- power,the chief is authorized to prohibit any person,vehicle,ves- pliance with this code and other laws or regulations applicable sel or thing from approaching the scene and is authorized to re- thereto,whether specified or not,and in complete accordance with move or cause to be removed or kept away from the scene any approved plans and specifications.Permits which purport to sanc- vehicle,vessel or thing which could impede or interfere with the tion a violation of this code or any applicable law or regulation operations of the fire department and,in the judgment of the chief, shall be void and approvals of plans and specifications in the is- any person not actually and usefully employed in the extinguish- suance of such permits shall likewise be void. ing of such fire or in the preservation of property in the vicinity thereof. 105.3 Application for Permit. Applications for permits shall be made to the bureau of fire prevention in such form and detail as 104.1.2 Interference. The operations of the fire department in prescribed by the bureau.Applications for permits shall be accom- connection with extinguishing any fire or other emergency shall parried by such plans as required by the bureau. not be obstructed.Lawful commands of the chief or officer of the 105.4 Inspection Required. Before a permit is issued,the chief fire department in charge at such a scene,or any part thereof,or shall inspect and approve the receptacles,vehicles,buildings,de- any police officer assisting the fire department,shall not be dis- vices, premises, storage spaces or areas to be used. In instances obeyed. where laws or regulations are enforceable by departments other 104.1.3 Barricades. The chief or officer of the fire department than the fire department,joint approval shall be obtained from all in charge at the scene of an emergency is authorized to place ropes, departments concerned. guards, barricades or other obstructions across any street, alley, 105.5 Retention of Permits. Permits shall be kept on the prem- place or private property in the vicinity of such operation so as to ises designated therein at all times and shall be posted in a conspic- prevent accidents or interference with the lawful efforts of the fire uous location on the premises or shall be kept on the premises in a department to manage and control the situation and to handle fire location designated by the chief. Permits shall be subject to in- apparatus. spection at all times by an officer of the fire or police department 104.2 Investigations. The fire department is authorized to in- or other persons authorized by the chief vestigate promptly the cause, origin and circumstances of each 105.6 Permits for the Same Location. When more than one and every fire occurring in the jurisdiction involving loss of life or permit is required for the same location,such permits may be con- injury to person or destruction or damage to property and,if it ap- solidated into a single permit. pears to the bureau of investigation that such fire is of suspicious origin,they are authorized to take immediate charge of all physi- 105.7 Revocation of Permits. The chief is authorized to sus- cal evidence relating to the cause of the fire and are authorized to pend or revoke a permit when it is determined after a hearing by pursue the investigation to its conclusion. the chief that: The chief is authorized to investigate the cause,origin and cir- 1. The permit has been used by a person other than the person to cumstances of unauthorized releases of hazardous materials. whom the permit was issued, 1-5 105.7 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2. The permit has been used for a location other than that for EXCEPTIONS: 1.Routine maintenance. which it was issued, 2.For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis,ap- plication for permit shall be made within two working days of com- p. Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit mencement of work. have been violated, The permit applicant shall apply for approval to close storage, 4. The permittee failed,refused or neglected to comply with or- use or handling facilities at least 30 days prior to the termination of ders or notices duly served in accordance with the provisions of the storage, use or handling of compressed or liquefied gases. this code within the time provided therein, Such application shall include any change or alteration of the fa- 5. There has been a false statement or misrepresentation as to a cility closure plan filed pursuant to Section 8001.13.This 30-day period may be waived by the chief if there are special circum- stances fact in the application or plans on which the permit or ap- stances requiring such waiver. plication was based,or c.8. Commercial rubbish-handling operation. To operate a 6. The permit was issued in error or in violation of an ordi- commercial rubbish-handling operation. See Article 11. nance,regulation or this code. c.9.Cryogens.Except where federal or state regulations apply 105.8 Permit Required. A permit shall be obtained from the bu- and except for fuel systems of the vehicle,to produce,store or han- reau of fire prevention prior to engaging in the following activi- dle cryogens in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105-13. ties,operations,practices or functions: d.1. Dry cleaning plants. To engage in the business of dry a.1.Aerosol products.To store or handle an aggregate quantity cleaning or to change to a more hazardous cleaning solvent. of Level 2 or Level 3 aerosol products in excess of 500 pounds Such permits shall prescribe the class of system to be used.See Ar- (226.8 kg)net weight. See Article 88. ticle 36. a.2. Aircraft refueling vehicles.To operate aircraft refueling d.2. Dust-producing operations.To operate a grain elevator, vehicles. See Article 24. flour starch mill,feed mill,or plant pulverizing aluminum,coal, cocoa,magnesium,spices or sugar,or other operation producing a.3.Aircraft repair hangar.To use any structure as an aircraft combustible dusts as defined in Article 2. See Articles 30 and 76. hangar for the purpose of servicing or repairing aircraft. See Ar- ticle 24. e.1.Explosives or blasting agents.For permits for explosives a.4. Asbestos removal. To conduct asbestos-removal opera- or blasting agents,see Article 77. tions regulated by Article 87. f.1. Fire hydrants and water-control valves.For a permit to use a fire hydrant or operate a water-control valve intended for Assembly.See"places of assembly." fire-suppression purposes,see Article 9. a.5. Automobile wrecking yard. To operate an automobile f.2.Fireworks.For permits for fireworks, see Article 78. wrecking yard. See Article 34. f.3.Flammable or combustible liquids.See Article 79. b.1.Battery system.To install or operate stationary lead-acid 1. battery systems having a liquid capacity of more than 100 gallons rt To use or operate,repair modify a pipeline for the trans (378.5 L). See Article 64. portation of flammable or combustible liquids. c.1.Candles and open flames in assembly areas.To use open 2. To store,handle or use Class I liquids in excess of 5 gallons flames or candles in connection with assembly areas,dining areas (18.9 L)in a building or in excess of 10 gallons(37.9 L)outside of of restaurants or drinking establishments. For definition of AS- a building,except that a permit is not required for the following: SEMBLY, see Article 2. See Article 25 for open flame and 2.1 The storage or use of Class I liquids in the fuel tank of a mo- candles. for vehicle,aircraft,motorboat,mobile power plant or mo- c.2.Carnivals and fairs.To conduct a carnival or fair. See Ar- bile heating plant,unless such storage,in the opinion of the ticle 25. chief,would cause an unsafe condition. 2.2 The storage or use of paints,oils,varnishes or similar flam- c.3.Cellulose nitrate film.To store,handle,use or display cel- mable mixtures when such liquids are stored for mainte- lulose nitrate film.See Article 33. nance,painting or similar purposes for a period of not more c.4. Cellulose nitrate storage. To store or handle more than than 30 days. 25 pounds(11.3 kg)of cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)for the 3. To store,handle or use Class 11 or Class ULA liquids in ex- manufacturing or assembly of articles or parts of articles contain- cess of 25 gallons(94.6 L)in a building or in excess of 60 gallons ing cellulose nitrate plastics(pyroxylin). See Article 27. (227.1 L)outside a building,except for fuel oil used in connection c.5. Combustible fiber storage. To store or handle combus- with oil-burning equipment. tible fibers in quantities in excess of 100 cubic feet(2.83 m3).See 4. To remove Class I or Class II liquids from an underground Article 28. storage tank used for fueling motor vehicles by any means other c.6. Combustible material storage.To store more than 2,500 than the approved,stationary on-site pumps normally used for dis- cubic feet(70.8 m3)gross volume of combustible empty packing pensing purposes. cases, boxes, barrels or similar containers, or rubber or cork, or 5. To install, construct, alter or operate tank vehicles, equip- other similarly combustible material. See Article 11. ment,tanks,plants,terminals,wells,fuel-dispensing stations,re- c.7.Compressed gases.To store,use or handle at normal tem- fineries, distilleries and similar facilities where flammable and peratures and pressures compressed gases in excess of the combustible liquids are produced,processed,transported,stored, amounts listed in Table 105-A.When the compressed gases in use dispensed or used. or storage exceed the amounts listed in Table 105-A,a permit is 6. To install,alter,remove,abandon,place temporarily out of required to install,repair,abandon,remove,place temporarily out service or otherwise dispose of a flammable or combustible liquid of service,close or substantially modify a compressed gas system. tank. 1-6 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 105.8 105.8 7. To change the type of contents stored in a flammable or com- o.1.Open burning.To conduct open burning.Where burning is bustible liquid tank to a material other than that for which the tank conducted on public property or the property of someone other was designed and constructed. than the permit applicant,the permit applicant shall demonstrate f.4. Fruit ripening. To operate a fruit-ripening process regu- that permission has been obtained by the appropriate government lated by Article 46. agency,the owner,or the owner's authorized agent.When limits for atmospheric conditions or hours restrict burning, such limits f.5.Fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging.To operate a shall be designated in the permit restrictions. See Section 1102.3. business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging and to o.2. Organic coatings. To manufacture more than 1 gallon maintain a room,vault or chamber in which a toxic or flammable (3.79 L)of organic coatings in a working day. See Article 50. fumigant is used. See Article 47. h.1.Hazardous materials.To store,transport on site,dispense, o.3.Ovens,industrial baking or drying.To operate an indus- use or handle hazardous materials in excess of the amounts listed trial baking or drying oven regulated by Article 62. in Table 105-C or to install,repair,abandon,remove,place tempo- p.l. Parade floats. To use a parade float for public perfor- rarily out of service,close or substantially modify a storage facili- mane,presentation,spectacle,entertainment or parade. See Sec- ty or other area regulated by Article 80 when the hazardous tion 1104. materials in use or storage exceed the amounts listed in Table 105-C. p.2.Places of assembly.To operate a place of assembly.See Ar- ticle 25. h.2.High-piled combustible storage.To use any building or portion thereof as a high-piled storage area exceeding 500 square p.3. Pyrotechnical special effects material. For permits for feet(46.45 m2)(see definition in Article 81).Plans shall be sub- pyrotechnical special effects material,see Article 78. mitted with applications for such permits in accordance with Ar- r.1.Radioactive materials.To store or handle at any installa- ticle 81. tion more than 1 microcurie(37 000 becquerel)of radioactive ma- h.3. Hot-work operations.Permits are required for hot work terial not contained in a sealed source or more than 1 millicurie including,but not limited to: (37 000 000 Becquerel)of radioactive material in a sealed source or sources,or any amount of radioactive material for which a spe- 1. Public exhibitions and demonstrations where hot work is cific license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is re- conducted. quired. See Article 80. 2.Use of portable hot-work equipment inside a structure. r.2.Refrigeration equipment.To install or operate a mechani- EXCEPTION:Work that is conducted under a construction permit cal refrigeration unit or system regulated by Article 63. issued by the building official. 0.Repair garages.To use a structure as a place of business for 3.Fixed-site hot-work equipment such as welding booths. servicing or repairing motor vehicles. See Article 29. 4. Hot work conducted within a Hazardous Fire Area. s.1.Spraying or dipping.To conduct a spraying or dipping op- 1.1.Liquefied petroleum gases.See Article 82. eration utilizing flammable or combustible liquids or the applica- tion of combustible powders regulated by Article 45. 1. To store,use,handle or dispense LP-gas. t.1. Temporary membrane structures,tents and canopies. 2. To install or maintain LP-gas containers. To erect or operate an air-supported temporary membrane struc- 1.2.Liquid-or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly ture or tent having an area in excess of 200 square feet(18.6 m2), buildings. To display, compete or demonstrate liquid- or gas- or a canopy in excess of 400 square feet (37.2 m2), except for fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings. See Ar- structures used exclusively for camping. See Article 32. ticle 25. t.2.Tire storage.To use an open area or portion thereof to store 1.3.Lumber yards.To store lumber in excess of 100,000 board tires in excess of 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3).See Section 1103.3.6. feet(9290.3 m2 surface area of lumber 25.4 mm in thickness).See w,1.Wood products.To store chips,hogged material,lumber Article 30. or plywood in excess of 200 cubic feet(5.67 m3). See Article 30. m.l. Magnesium working. To melt, cast, heat treat or grind more than 10 pounds (4.54 kg)of magnesium per working day. 105.8.1[For SFMJ Additional Permits. CA See Article 48. In addition to the permits required by Section 105.8, the follow- A- LC Mall,covered.See Article 35.To use a covered mall in the ing permits shall be obtained from the Bureau of Fire Prevention A{ following manner: prior to engaging in the following activities,operations,practices A{ or functions: C L 1. Placing or constructing temporary kiosks,display booths, c� concession equipment or the like in the mall. 1. Production facilities. To change use or occupancy,or allow c� the attendance of a live audience, or for wrap parties. At 2. To use a mall as a place of assembly. C t. 3. To use open-flame or flame-producing devices. 2. Pyrotechnics and special effects. To use pyrotechnic special A{ effects, open flame, use of flammable or combustible liquids and c L 4. To display any liquid-or gas-fueled powered equipment. gases,welding,and the parking of motor vehicles in any building c� m.3. Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations. To dispense or location used for the purpose of motion picture, television and c_ flammable or combustible liquids, liquefied petroleum gases or commercial production. c� compressed natural gas at motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations. 3.Live audiences. To install seating arrangemts live au-for li c�au sea en See Article 52. A{ diences in approved production facilities,production studios and C L Nitrate film.See"cellulose nitrate film." sound stages. See Article 25. a� 1-7 TABLE 105-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 105-A TABLE 105-A—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASES1 AMOUNT(cubic feet)2 TYPE OF GAS x 0.0283 for m3 Corrosive 200 Flammable(except cryogenic fluids and liquefied petroleum gases) 200 Highly toxic Any amount Inert and simple asphyxiant 6,000 Irritant 200 Other health hazards 650 Oxidizing(including oxygen) 504 Pyrophoric Any amount Sensitizer 200 Toxic Any amount Unstable(reactive) Any amount ISee Articles 49,52,63,74,80 and 82 for additional requirements and exceptions. 2Cubic feet measured at normal temperature and pressure. 1-8 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 105-B TABLE 105-C TABLE 105-B—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR CRYOGENS1 INSIDE BUILDING OUTSIDE BUILDING (gallons) I (gallons) TYPE OF CRYOGEN x 3.785 for L Corrosive Over 1 Over 1 Flammable Over 1 60 Highly toxic Over 1 Over 1 Nonflammable 60 500 Oxidizer(includes oxygen) 10 50 t See Article 75. TABLE 105-C—PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS1 AMOUNT x 0.4536 for Ibs.to kg TYPE OF MATERIAL x 3.785 for gal.to L Cellulose nitrate .......................................................... See No.c.4 Combustible fiber......................................................... See No.c.5 Combustible liquids ....................................................... See No.f.3 Corrosive gases .......................................................... See No.c.7 Corrosive liquids ......................................................... 55 gallons Corrosive solids .......................................................... 500 pounds Cryogens ............................................................... See No.c.9 Explosives .............................................................. See No.e.l Fireworks, IAG............................................................ See No.f.2 Flammable gases ........................................................ See No.c.7 Flammable liquids ........................................................ See No.f.3 Flammable solids ......................................................... 100 pounds Highly toxic gases(including pesticides and fumigants)........................... See No.c.7 Highly toxic liquids and solids(including pesticides and fumigants) ................. Any amount Irritant liquids............................................................ 55 gallons Irritant solids ............................................................ 500 pounds Liquefied petroleum gases .................................................. See No.1.1 Magnesium.............................................................. See No.m.l Nitratefilm.............................................................. See No.c.3 Oxidizing gases .......................................................... See No.c.7 Oxidizing liquids: Class 4 .................................. Any amount Class .................................. 1 gallon Class 2 .................................. 10 gallons Class .................................. 55 gallons Oxidizing solids: Class 4 .................................. Any amount Class .................................. 10 pounds Class .................................. 100 pounds Class .................................. 500 pounds Organic peroxide liquids and solids: Class I .................................. Any amount Class II.................................. Any amount Class III ................................. 10 pounds Class IV ................................. 20 pounds Other health hazards: Liquids .................................. 55 gallons Solids ................................... 500 pounds Pyrophoric gases ......................................................... See No.c.7 Pyrophoric liquids ........................................................ Any amount Pyrophoric solids ......................................................... Any amount Sensitizer liquids ......................................................... 55 gallons Sensitizer solids .......................................................... 500 pounds Toxic gases .............................................................. See No.c.7 Toxic liquids............................................................. 10 gallons Toxic solids ............................................................. 100 pounds Unstable(reactive)gases ................................................... See No.c.7 Unstable(reactive)liquids: Class 4 .................................. Any amount Class 3 .................................. Any amount Class 2 .................................. 5 gallons Class l .................................. 10 gallons Unstable(reactive)solids: Class 4 .................................. Any amount Class 3 .................................. Any amount Class .................................. 50 pounds Class .................................. 100 pounds Water-reactive liquids: Class 3 .................................. Any amount Class 2 .................................. 5 gallons Class .................................. 10 gallons Water-reactive solids: Class 3 .................................. Any amount Class .................................. 50 pounds Class .................................. 100 pounds t See Article 80 for additional requirements and exceptions. 1-9 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 201 PART H DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARTICLE 2- DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS SECTION 201 —GENERAL ALARM ZONE is a building or defined area of a building as 201.1 Definitions. For the purpose of this code, certain words approved for purposes of identifying alarm-initiating locations. and phrases are defined and certain provisions shall be construed ALARM-INITIATING DEVICE is manually or automatical- as set forth herein,unless it is apparent from the context that a dif- ly operated equipment which, when activated,initiates an alarm ferent meaning is intended. through an alarm control unit or signaling device. When terms are not defined,they shall have their ordinary ac- ALARM-SIGNALING DEVICE is equipment that produces cepted meanings within the context with which they are used. an approved alarm signal. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Lan ALTER and ALTERATION are a change,addition or modifi- B guage, Unabridged, copyright 1986, shall be considered as pro- cation in construction or occupancy. B viding ordinarily accepted meanings. AMUSEMENT BUILDING is a building or portion thereof, B temporary or permanent, used for entertainment or educational B 201.2 Tenses.Present tenses include past and future tenses and purposes and which contains a system which transports passen- B future tenses include the past. gers or provides a walkway through a course so arranged that the B 201.3 Number.Singular numbers include plural and plural num- required means of egress are not apparent due to theatrical distrac- B hers include singular. tions,are disguised,or are not readily available due to the method B of transportation through the building or structure. B ANNUNCIATOR is equipment which indicates the zone or SECTION 202—A area of a building from which an alarm has been initiated or the AAR is the Association of American Railroads. location of an alarm-initiating device and the operational condi- tion of the alarm circuits of the system. ADMINISTRATOR is the executive officer of the jurisdic- ANSI is the American National Standards Institute tional area. APARTMENT HOUSE is any building, or portion thereof, B AERIAL SHELL is a pyrotechnic device that functions in the which contains three or more dwelling units including residential B air. condominiums. B AEROSOL is a product which is dispensed from an aerosol API is the American Petroleum Institute. container by a propellant. APPLIANCE,PORTABLE,is a device operated by electric- AEROSOL CONTAINER is a metal can, up to a maximum ity which is capable of being hand-carried or is easily moved from size of 33.8 fluid ounces(1000 mL),or a glass or plastic bottle,up one place to another in normal use. to a maximum size of 4 fluid ounces(118 mL),that is designed to APPLIANCE,STATIONARY,is a device operated by elec- dispense an aerosol product. tricity which is not affixed to a structure and which is not easily AEROSOL WAREHOUSE is a building used for warehous- moved from one place to another. ing aerosol products. APPROVED refers to approval by the chief as the result of re- AGA is the American Gas Association. view investigation or tests conducted by the chief or by reason of accepted principles or tests by national authorities,or technical or AIA is the American Insurance Association. scientific organizations. ALARM is the giving,signaling or transmitting to a public fire AREA is a particular extent of surface. (See also FLOOR station or company or to an officer or employee thereof,whether AREA.) by telephone,spoken word or otherwise,information to the effect ARRAY is a description of the configuration of storage.Char- that a fire or emergency condition exists at or near the place indi- acteristics considered in defining an array include the type of cated by the person giving, signaling or transmitting such infor- packaging,flue spaces,height of storage and compactness of stor- mation. age. ALARM CONTROL UNIT is a unit comprising the controls, ARRAY,CLOSED,is an array having a 6-inch(152.4 nun)or relays,switches and associated circuits necessary to smaller width vertical flue space that restricts air movement 1. Distribute power to a fire alarm system, through the stored commodity. 2. Receive signals from alarm-initiating devices and transmit ASHRAE is the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating them to alarm-signaling devices and accessory equipment,and and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASME is the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 3. Electrically supervise the system circuitry. ASPHALT KETTLE is a vessel or container used to process, ALARM SIGNAL is an audible or visual signal,or both,indi- heat,hold for heating,or dispense flammable or combustible roof- cating the existence of an emergency fire condition.Audible de- ing materials that are in liquid form or will take that form as a re- vices may be bells, horns, chimes, speakers or similar devices. sult of being exposed to such vessel or container. Voice alarms and their messages shall be approved. ASSEMBLY is the gathering together of 50 or more persons for B ALARM SYSTEM is a combination of approved compatible such purposes as deliberation,education,instruction,worship,en- B devices with the necessary electrical interconnection and energy tertainment, amusement,drinking,dining or awaiting transporta- B to produce an alarm signal in the event of fire or system activation. tion. B 1-11 202 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 203 ASTM is the American Society for Testing and Materials. BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD-ACID, is a ATMOSPHERIC TANK is a storage tank which has been de- system which consists of three interconnected subsystems: signed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 1. A lead-acid battery; pound per square inch gage(psig) (3.4 kPa). 2. A battery charger,and B ATRIUM is an opening through two or more floor levels other 3. A collection of rectifiers, inverters,converters and associat e than enclosed stairways,elevators, hoistways,escalators,plumb- ed electrical equipment as required for a particular application. Bing, electrical, air-conditioning or other equipment, which is BATF is the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms. B closed at the top and not defined as a mall.Floor levels as used in B this definition do not include balconies within an assembly occu BELOW-GRADE VAULT is an enclosure consisting of four B pancy or mezzanines which comply with the Building Code re- walls,a floor and a lid for the purpose of containing a flammable B quirements for mezzanines. or combustible liquid storage tank and not intended to be occupied AUTOMATED STORAGE is storage of products within a other than for inspection,repair or maintenance of the vault,the storage system that is motor driven such that the product is auto- storage tank or related equipment. matically delivered to a stationary picking location. BELOWGROUND CONTAINER is a storage container in AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM is a system which Which the maximum liquid level is below the surrounding grade or automatically detects a fire condition and actuates fire alarm- below a backfill berm,which is at least 10 feet(3048 mm)wide at signaling devices. the top and then slopes away from the container at a natural angle of repose or is retained 10 feet(3048 mm)from the container by a AUTOMATIC FIRE CHECK is a device listed for installa- retaining wall and constructed of earth,concrete,solid masonry or tion in communicating piping carrying an explosive vapor/air suitable material designed to prevent the escape of liquid. mixture to prevent a flashback from reaching underground tanks BINARY EXPLOSIVE is an explosive material composed of or equipment in a piping system.These devices shall be equipped separate components,each of which is safe for storage and trans- with special elements for arresting an explosion wave which may portation and would not in itself be considered as an explosive. already be established in a pipe.These devices shall contain an au- tomatically operated shutoff valve to stop flow of vapor/air mix- BINBOX is a five-sided container with the open side facing an ture in event of a flashback and continued burning at the arrester aisle.Binboxes are self-supporting or supported by a structure de- element. The shutoff valve shall be capable of a manual reset. signed so that little or no horizontal or vertical space exists around B AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM is an the boxes. B approved system of devices and equipment which automatically BLASTING AGENT is a material or mixture consisting of a B detects a fire and discharges an approved fire-extinguishing agent fuel and oxidizer intended for blasting. The finished product as B onto or in the area of a fire. mixed and packaged for use or shipment cannot be detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined. Under De- AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARD is an area that stores partment of Transportation regulations,blasting agents are classi- salvage vehicles. fied and labeled as 1.51). AWNING is a shelter supported entirely from the exterior wall BLASTING CAP is a shell closed at one end and containing a of a building. charge of a detonating compound which is ignited by a safety fuse. It is used for detonating explosives. SECTION 203—B BLEACHERS are tiered or stepped seating facilities without B backrests in which an area of 3 square feet(0.28 m2)or less is as- B B BALCONY,EXTERIOR EXIT,is a landing or porch project- signed per person when computing the occupant load. B B ing from the wall of a building and which serves as an exit dis- BOILING POINT is the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure B charge component in a means of egress system.The long side shall of 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa). Where an accurate boiling point is un- B be at least 50 percent open,and the open area above the guardrail available for the material in question,or for mixtures which do not B shall be so distributed as to prevent the accumulation of smoke or have a constant boiling point,for purposes of this classification, B toxic gases. the 10 percent point of a distillation performed in accordance with BANDING is a method of packaging consisting of stretch nationally recognized standards is allowed to be used as the boil- wrapping around not more than four sides of a pallet load. ing point of the liquid. See Article 90, Standard a.4.3. BARREL is a volume of 42 U.S. gallons(159 L). BOILOVER is the expulsion of crude oil or certain other liq- uids from a burning tank in which the light fractions of the crude BARRICADE is a structure that consists of a combination of oil burn off,producing a heat wave in the residue which,on reach- walls,floor and roof that is designed to withstand the rapid release ing a water strata,results in the expulsion of a portion of the con- of energy in an explosion. Barricades may be fully confined,par- tents of the tank in the form of a froth. tially vented or fully vented. BONFIRE is the open burning of cut trees,vegetation or lum- B BASEMENT is any floor level below the first story in a build- ber. B ing, except that a floor level in a building having only one floor B level shall be classified as a basement unless such floor level qual- BREAK (aerial shell) is an individual effect from an aerial B ifies as a first story as defined in the Building Code. shell, generally either color or noise. Aerial shells can be single break, having only one effect, or multiple break, having two or BATTERY,LEAD-ACID,is a group of electro-chemical cells more effects. interconnected to supply a nominal voltage of DC power to suit Btu is a British thermal unit,the heat necessary to raise the tern ably connected electrical load.The number of cells connected in series determines the nominal voltage rating of the battery. The perature of l pound(0.454 kg)of water by 1°F(0.556°C). size of the cells determines the discharge capacity of the entire bat- BUILDING is any structure used or intended for supporting or B tery. sheltering any use or occupancy. B 1-12 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 203 204 BUILDING CODE is the Building Code adopted by this juris- CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS(Pyroxylin)is a Alas- ' diction. tic substance,material or compound, other than cellulose nitrate BUILDING OFFICIAL is the officer or other designated au- film,covered by Article 33,or guncotton or other explosive cov- thority of the jurisdiction charged with the administration and en- ered by Article 77,having cellulose nitrate as a base,or whatever forcement of the Building Code, or the building official's duly name known,when in the form of blocks,slabs, sheets,tubes or authorized representative. fabricated shapes.For requirements,see Article 27. BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM is an assembly of equipment, CENTRAL SUPPLY is that portion of a system which normal- such as oxygen storage containers,pressure regulators,safety de- ly supplies piping systems. vices, vaporizers, manifolds and interconnecting piping, which CGA is the Compressed Gas Association. has a storage capacity at normal temperature and pressure of: C.F.R.is the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States 1. More than 12,000 cubic feet(340 m3)of oxygen connected Government. in service or ready for service,or CHEMICAL is any element,chemical compound or mixture 2. More than 25,000 cubic feet(708 m3)of oxygen,including of elements or compounds or both. unconnected reserve on hand at the site. CHEMICAL NAME is the scientific designation of a chemi- A bulk oxygen system terminates at the point where oxygen at cal in accordance with the nomenclature system developed by the service pressure first enters the supply line.The oxygen is allowed International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,the Chemical to be stored as a liquid or gas in either stationary or portable con- Abstracts Service rules of nomenclature, or a name which will tainers. clearly identify a chemical for the purpose of conducting an evalu- BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL is that portion of a property ation. where flammable or combustible liquids are received by tank ves- CHIEF is the chief officer of the fire department serving the fu- sel,pipelines,tank car or tank vehicle and are stored or blended in risdiction or the chief officer's authorized representative. bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, CHIEF ENGINEER is the chief. pipeline,tank car,tank vehicle,portable tank or container. CHIEF OF POLICE or POLICE DEPARTMENT is the BULLET RESISTANT is a material or method of construction chief law enforcement officer of the jurisdiction or the chief law which resists penetration of a bullet of 150 grain(9.75 g)M-2 ball enforcement officer's authorized representative. ammunition having a nominal muzzle velocity of 2,700 feet per second(823 m/s)fired from a.30 caliber rifle at a distance of 100 CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION is the f head of the fire prevention bureau. feet(30.5 m). See Section 7702.3.4. BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION is the fire prevention bu- CHIPS are small pieces of wood by-products that will not pass reau of the jurisdiction. through a 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) screen. Chips are used in the manufacturing of pulp and other wood products. SECTION 204—C CLASSIFIED refers to a product that has been evaluated with respect to CARCINOGEN is a substance that causes the development of 1. The properties of the product, cancerous growths in living tissue.A chemical is considered to be 2. A limited spectrum of hazards to life or property, a carcinogen if: 1. It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Re- 3. Suitability of the product for certain uses and search on Cancer(IARC)and found to be a carcinogen or potential 4. Other conditions by a nationally recognized testing labora- carcinogen,or tory or approved organization. 2. It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the latest CLEAN AGENT is a volatile or gaseous fire-extinguishing edition of the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the Na- agent that is electrically nonconductive at NTP,and does not leave tional Toxicology Program,or a residue upon evaporation. 3. It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen. CLOSED CONTAINER is a container sealed by means of a lid CARGO TANK is a container having a liquid capacity in ex- or other device such that liquid, vapor or dusts will not escape cess of 110 gallons(416 L)used for carrying flammable or com- from it under ordinary conditions of use or handling. bustible liquids, LP-gas, or hazardous chemicals and mounted CNG is compressed natural gas. permanently or otherwise upon a tank vehicle. The term"cargo COLD DECK is a single ranked pile of logs with individual tank"does not apply to containers used solely for the purpose of logs. supplying fuel for propulsion of the vehicle upon which it is mounted. COMBUSTIBLE DECORATIVE MATERIALS are com- bustible materials used for decorative effects such as curtains; CARNIVAL is a mobile enterprise principally devoted to offer- draperies; streamers;surface coverings applied over building fin- ing amusement or entertainment to the public in,upon or by means tenor finishes for decorative,acoustical or other effect;cloth;cot- of portable amusement rides or devices or temporary structures in f ton batting;paper;plastics;vegetation;hay;split bamboo;straw; any number combination,whether or not associated with other vines;leaves;trees;moss;and similar materials used for decora- tive effect.Combustible decorative materials do not include floor CAROUSEL STORAGE is a type of automated storage in coverings,ordinary window shades,interior finish materials used which the product revolves around a fixed point in either a hori- as surface coverings,and materials 1/28 inch(0.9 mm)or less in zontal or vertical plane or a combination of both. thickness applied directly to a noncombustible backing. CEILING LIMIT is the maximum concentration of an air- COMBUSTIBLE DUST is finely divided solid material which borne contaminant to which one may be exposed.The ceiling lim- is 420 microns or less in diameter and which,when dispersed in air its utilized are to be those published in 29 C.F.R. 1910.1000. in the proper proportions,could be ignited by a flame,spark or oth- 1-13 204 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE er source of ignition. Combustible dust will pass through a U.S. 4. Compressed gas mixtures consist of a mixture of two or No.40 Standard sieve. more compressed gases contained in a packaging, the hazard COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE BIN is a metal or met- properties of which are represented by the properties of the mix- al-lined container with a capacity not exceeding 100 cubic feet ture as a whole. (2.83 m3)and equipped with a self-closing cover. COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER is a pressure vessel de- COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE ROOM is a room with signed to hold compressed gases at pressures greater than one at- a capacity not exceeding 500 cubic feet(14.2 m3)separated from mosphere at 68°F(20°C) and includes cylinders,containers and the remainder of a building by not less than a one-hour occupancy tanks. separation constructed in accordance with the Building Code. COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM is an assembly of equipment COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, PRO- designed to contain, distribute or transport compressed gases. It TECTED,is a room with a capacity exceeding 1,000 cubic feet can consist of a compressed gas container or containers,reactors (28.3 m3)separated from the remainder of a building by not less and appurtenances,including pumps,compressors,and connect- than a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance ing piping and tubing. with the Building Code and provided with an approved automatic CONDENSATE TANK is a tank which is installed in the va- sprinkler system. por-return piping of a vapor-recovery system to collect condensed COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, UNPRO- gasoline and is capable of being emptied of liquids without open- TECTED,is a room with a capacity not exceeding 1,000 cubic ing. feet(28.3 m3)separated from the remainder of the building by a CONGREGATE RESIDENCE is any building or portion B two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with thereof which contains facilities for living, sleeping and sanita- B the Building Code and provided with approved safety vents to the tion,as required by the Building Code,and may include facilities B outside. for eating and cooking,for occupancy by other than a family. A B COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS are readily ignitable and free- congregate residence may be a shelter,convent, monastery,dor- e burning fibers, such as cotton, sisal,henequen,ixtle,jute, hemp, mitory,fraternity or sorority house but does not include jails,hos tow, cocoa fiber, oakum, baled waste, baled wastepaper,kapok, pitals,nursing homes,hotels or lodging houses. B hay,straw, excelsior, Spanish moss or other like materials. CONTAINER.See Sections 7501.2.2,7901.2.2 and 8001.2.2. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID is a liquid having a flash point at or CONTAINMENT SYSTEM is a gas-tight recovery system above 100°F(37.8°C).Combustible liquids are subdivided as fol- comprised of equipment or devices that may be placed over a leak lows.The category of combustible liquids does not include com- in a compressed gas container, cylinder, tank or other vessel, pressed gases or cryogenic fluids. thereby stopping or controlling the escape of gas from the leaking container. Class II liquids are those having closed cup flash points at or above 100°F(37.8°C)and below 140°F(60°C) CONTAINMENT VESSEL is a Department of Transporta- tion (DOT) transportable gas-tight recovery vessel that is de- Class III-A liquids are those having closed cup flash points at signed so that a leaking container,cylinder or tank can be placed or above 140°F(60°C)and below 200°F(93.3°C). within its confines,thereby encapsulating the leaking container. Class III-B liquids are those liquids having closed cup flash CONTINUOUS GAS-DETECTION SYSTEM is a gas- points at or above 200°F(93.3°C). detection system where the analytical instrument is maintained in COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATTER includes magazines; continuous operation and sampling is performed without interrup- books;trimmings from lawns,trees or flower gardens;pasteboard tion.Analysis is allowed to be performed on a cyclical basis at in- boxes; rags; paper; straw; sawdust; packing material; shavings; tervals not to exceed 30 minutes. boxes; rubbish; and refuse that will ignite through contact with CONTROL AREA is a building or portion of a building within flames of ordinary temperatures. which the exempted amounts of hazardous materials are allowed COMMODITY is a combination of products,packing materi- to be stored,dispensed,used or handled. als and containers. CONVERSION OIL BURNER is a burner for field installa- COMPRESSED GAS is a material, or mixture of materials, tion in heating appliances such as boilers and furnaces. It is al- which: lowed to be furnished with or without a primary safety control. Under special circumstances,it is allowed to be installed for firing 1. Is a gas at 68°F(20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa) of ovens,water heaters,ranges,special furnaces and the like.A bum- pressure, and er of this type is allowed to be a pressure-atomizing gun type,a 2. Has a boiling point of 68°F(20°C)or less at 14.7 psia(101.3 horizontal or vertical rotary type,or a mechanical or natural draft- kPa)which is either liquefied,nonliquefied or in solution,except vaporizing type. those gases which have no other health or physical hazard proper- CONVERSION RANGE OIL BURNER is an oil burner de- ties are not considered to be compressed until the pressure in the signed to burn kerosene,range oil or similar fuel.It is intended pri- packaging exceeds 41 psia(282.5 kPa)at 68°F(20°C). manly for installation in a stove or range,a portion or all of which The states of a compressed gas are categorized as follows: was originally designed to utilize solid fuel and to which a flue is 1. Nonliquefied compressed gases are gases,other than those connected. in solution,which are in a packaging under the charged pressure CORROSIVE is a chemical that causes visible destruction of, and are entirely gaseous at a temperature of 68°F(20°C). or irreversible alterations in,living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.A chemical is considered to be corrosive if,when 2. Liquefied compressed gases are gases which in a packaging tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the method described under the charged pressure are partially liquid at a temperature of in Appendix A to C.F.R.49,Part 173,it destroys or changes ine- 68°F(20°C). versibly the structure of the tissue at the site of contact following 3. Compressed gases in solution are nonliquefied gases which an exposure period of four hours.This term does not refer to action are dissolved in a solvent. on inanimate surfaces. 1-14 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 204 206 CORROSIVE LIQUID is a liquid which,when in contact with DIP TANK is a tank,vat or container of flammable or combus- living tissue, will cause destruction or irreversible alteration of tible liquid in which articles or materials are immersed for the pur- such tissue by chemical action.Examples include acidic,alkaline pose of coating,finishing,treating or similar processes. or caustic materials. DISPENSING is the pouring or transferring of a material from COVERED MALL BUILDING is a single building enclosing a container,tank or similar vessel whereby vapors,dusts,fumes, a number of tenants and occupancies such as retail stores,drinking mists or gases could be liberated to the atmosphere. and dining establishments, entertainment and amusement facili- B DISPERSAL AREA,SAFE,is an area which will accommo- ties,offices,and other similar uses wherein two or more tenants B date a number of persons equal to the total capacity of the stand have a main entrance into the mall. B and building which it serves such that a person within the area will CRUDE PETROLEUM is a hydrocarbon mixture that has a not be closer than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from the stand or building. B flash point below 150°F (65.6°C) and which has not been pro- Dispersal area capacity shall be determined by allowing 3 square B cessed in a refinery. feet(0.28 m2)of net clear area per person. B CRYOGENIC FLUID is a fluid that has a normal boiling point DISTILLERY is a plant or a portion of a plant where liquids below—150°F(-101.1°C). produced by fermentation are concentrated and where the concen- trated products are also allowed to be mixed,stored or packaged. CRYOGENIC VESSEL is a pressure vessel, low-pressure DOT is the United States Department of Transportation. tank or atmospheric tank designed to contain a cryogenic fluid on which venting,insulation,refrigeration or a combination of these DRY CLEANING is the process of removing dirt, grease, is used in order to maintain the operating pressure within the de- paints and other stains from wearing apparel,textiles,fabrics,rugs sign pressure and the contents in a liquid phase. or other material by the use of nonaqueous liquid solvents.It in- CURTAIN BOARD is a structure arranged to limit the spread cludes the process of dyeing clothes or other fabrics or textiles in a of smoke and heat along the ceiling.Curtain boards are sometimes solution of dye colors and nonaqueous liquid solvents. referred to as draft curtains. DUST.See definition of COMBUSTIBLE DUST. CUT-OFF STORAGE is indoor storage which is separated DWELLING is any building or portion thereof which contains B from other building areas by not less than a two-hour f re-resistive not more than two dwelling units. B occupancy separation. DWELLING UNIT is any building or portion thereof which B CYLINDER is a pressure vessel designed for pressures higher contains living facilities, including provisions for sleeping, eat- B than 40 psia(275.6 kPa)and having a circular cross section.It does ing,cooking and sanitation as required by the Building Code,for B not include a portable tank,multiunit tank car tank,cargo tank or not more than one family,or a congregate residence of 10 or less B tank car. persons. B SECTION 206—E SECTION 205—D EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR) DEA is the Drug Enforcement Administration of the United SPRINKLER is a sprinkler listed for early suppression fast-re- States Department of Justice. sponse performance. DEFLAGRATION is an exothermic reaction,such as the ex- ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP is a detonator which consists tremely rapid oxidation of a combustible dust or flammable vapor of a shell closed at one end.The other end contains electric wires in air,in which the reaction progresses through the unburned ma- which have been sealed into the shell.It contains a charge of deto- terial at a rate less than the velocity of sound.A deflagration can nating compound which is ignited or initiated by applying electric have an explosive effect. current to the wires protruding from the detonator. DESIGN PRESSURE is the maximum gage pressure that a ELECTRICAL CODE is the Electrical Code adopted by this pressure vessel,device,component or system is designed to with- jurisdiction. See the National Electrical Code, promulgated by stand safely under the temperature and conditions of use expected. the National Fire Protection Association. DESIGNATED LANDING AREA is the area over which ae- ELECTRICAL FIRING UNIT is the source of electrical cur- rial shells are fired and into which debris and malfunctioning aeri- rent used to ignite electric matches.Generally,the firing unit will al shells can fall. have switches to control the routing of the current to various fire- DETACHED STORAGE is storage in a separate building or in work items and will have a test circuit and warning indicators. an outside area located away from all structures. ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED is a container hold- ing powder coating material which is aerated from below so as to DETONATING CORD is a flexible cord containing a center form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material which is core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives.Ex- electrically charged with a charge opposite to the charge of the ob- amples of brand names of detonating cord include"A"Cord,De- ject to be coated.Such object is transported through the container tacord,E-Cord,Primacord,Primaline,Primex and Scotch-Cord. immediately above the charged and aerated materials in order to DETONATION is an exothermic reaction characterized by the be coated. presence of a shock wave in a material which establishes and EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM is a system to provide in- maintains the reaction.The reaction zone progresses through the dication and warning of emergency situations involving hazard- material at a rate greater than the velocity of sound.The principal ous materials and summon appropriate aid. heating mechanism is one of shock compression. Detonations ENCAPSULATED is a method of packaging consisting of have an explosive effect. a plastic sheet completely enclosing the sides and top of a pallet DETONATOR is a component, such as a blasting cap or an load.The term encapsulated does not apply to banding or individ- electric blasting cap,in an explosive train which is capable of initi- ual plastic-enclosed items inside a large nonplastic-enclosed con- ating detonation in a subsequent high explosive component. tainer. 1-15 206 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 207 EXCESS FLOW CONTROL is a fail-safe system designed to FACILITY(as applied to access and water supply)is a building shut off flow due to a rupture in pressurized piping systems. or use in a fixed location including exterior storage areas for flam- EXCESS FLOW VALVE is a valve inserted into a compressed mable and combustible substances and hazardous materials,piers, gas cylinder, portable tank or stationary tank that is designed to Wharves,tank farms and similar uses. positively shut off the flow of gas in the event that its predeter- FAIR is an enterprise principally devoted to the exhibition of mined flow is exceeded. products of agriculture or industry in connection with the opera- EXECUTIVE BODY is the governing body of the jurisdiction tion of amusement rides or devices,or concession booths. adopting this code. FALSE ALARM is the deliberate reporting of an alarm for which no such fire or emergency actually exists. EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE is an appliance or piece of equipment which consists of a top,a back and two sides providing FIRE is the combustion of material other than deliberate com- a means of local exhaust for capturing gases,fumes, vapors and bustion for cooking,heating,recreation,incineration or purposes mists. Such enclosures include laboratory hoods, exhaust fume incidental to normal operation of a property. hoods and similar appliances and equipment used to locally retain FIRE APPARATUS is a vehicle such as a fire pumper,aerial and exhaust the gases,fumes, vapors and mists that could be re- ladder truck,elevated platform,rescue squad or similar firefight- leased. Rooms or areas provided with general ventilation,in them- ing or rescue equipment. selves,are not exhausted enclosures. FIRE APPLIANCE is apparatus or equipment provided or B EXIT COURT is a court or yard which provides access to a installed for use in the event of an emergency. B public way for one or more required exits. FIRE ASSEMBLY is the assembly of a fire door,fire window EXPANDED PLASTIC is a foamed or cellular plastic materi- or fire damper, including all required hardware, anchorage, al having a reduced density based on the presence of numerous frames and sills. small cavities or cells dispersed throughout the material. FIRE BARRIER is a line or barricade designed to keep unau- EXPLOSION is an effect produced by the sudden violent ex- thorized persons out of the area of a fire. pansion of gases,which may be accompanied by a shock wave or FIRE DEPARTMENT is a regularly organized fire depart- disruption,or both,of enclosing materials or structures.An explo- ment, fire protection district or fire company regularly charged sion could result from with the responsibility of providing fire protection to the jurisdic- 1. Chemical changes such as rapid oxidation, deflagration or tion. detonation, decomposition of molecules and runaway polymer- FIRE DEPARTMENT INLET CONNECTION is a connec- ization(usually detonations); tion through which the fire department can pump water into a 2. Physical changes such as pressure tank ruptures;or standpipe system,or sprinkler system. FIRE DOOR is a fire-resistive door approved for openings in 3. Atomic changes(nuclear fission or fusion). fire separations. EXPLOSIVE is FIRE HAZARD is any thing or act which increases or could 1. A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous re- cause an increase of the hazard or menace of fire to a greater de- lease of pressure,gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock, glee than that customarily recognized as normal by persons in the pressure,or high temperatures,or public service regularly engaged in preventing,suppressing or ex- tinguishing fire or any thing or act which could obstruct, delay, 2. A material or chemical, other than a blasting agent,that is hinder or interfere with the operations of the fire department or the commonly used or intended to be used for the purpose of produc- egress of occupants in the event of fire. ing an explosive effect and is regulated by Article 77. FIRE NUISANCE is any thing or act which is annoying,un- EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS are explosives, blasting agents pleasant,offensive or obnoxious because of fire. and detonators including,but not limited to,dynamite and other FIRE POINT is the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open high explosives;slurries,emulsions and water gels;black powder container at which a specimen will sustain burning for five sec- and pellet powder;initiating explosives;detonators and blasting onds, as determined in accordance with Section 9003, Stand- caps; safety fuses; squibs; detonating cord;igniter cord;igniters and a.4.5. and fireworks, 1.3G. FIRE SEPARATION is construction of rated fire resistance or EXTENSION CORD is a portable flexible cord of any length the maintenance of clear areas to resist the spread of fire. which has one male connector on one end and one or more female FIRE-RESISTIVE or FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUC- connectors on the other, and no built-in overcurrent protection. TION is construction to resist the spread of fire,details of which EXTRAHIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE is are specified in the Building Code. storage on racks of Class I,II,III or 1V commodities which exceed FIRE-RESISTIVE RATING is the time that the material or 40 feet(12 192 mm)in height and storage on racks of high-hazard construction will withstand the standard fire exposure as deter- commodities which exceed 30 feet(9144 mm)in height. mined by a fire test made in conformity with the standard methods of fire tests of buildings,construction and materials in the Build- SECTION 207—F ing Code. FIREWORKS, 1AG (formerly Class C, Common Fire- FABRICATION AREA(Fab Area)is an area within a semi- works)are fireworks devices containing restricted amounts of py- conductor fabrication facility and related research and develop- rotechnic composition designed primarily to produce visible or ment areas in which there are processes using hazardous audible effects by combustion. Fireworks, 1.4G, which comply production materials. Such areas are allowed to include ancillary with the construction, chemical composition and DOT labeling rooms or areas such as dressing rooms and offices that are directly requirements for fireworks, I AG are not explosive materials for related to the fab area processes. the purpose of this code. 1-16 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 207 207 FIREWORKS,L3G(formerly Class B Special,Fireworks) cause fire through friction or as a result of retained heat from are fireworks devices, which are explosive materials, designed manufacture, which has an ignition temperature below 212°F primarily to produce visible or audible effects by combustion,def- (100°C), or which burns so vigorously or persistently when ig- lagration or detonation.Fireworks, 1.3G include,but are not limit- nited that it creates a serious hazard. Flammable solids include ed to,firecrackers containing more than 2 grains(130 milligrams) finely divided solid materials which when dispersed in air as a of explosive composition, aerial shells containing more than cloud could be ignited and cause an explosion. 40 grams of pyrotechnic composition and other display pieces that FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES are the concentration exceed the limits for classification as fireworks, 1.4G. of flammable constituents in air that exceed 10 percent of their FISSILE MATERIAL is a radioisotope which could undergo lower flammability limit(LFL). a nuclear fission reaction and is usually found at reactor sites or as FLASH POINT is the minimum temperature corrected to a part of a nuclear weapon. pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (101.4 kpa) at FIXED GROUND PIECE is a ground display piece having no which the application of a test flame causes the vapors of a portion movable parts, such as a revolving wheel. of the sample to ignite under the conditions specified by appropri- FLAME ARRESTER is a device approved for installation in ate test procedures and apparatus as follows: piping which carries a flammable vapor/air mixture to prevent a The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity less than 5.5 centis- flashback beyond the point of installation and installed in a loca- tokes at 104°F(37.8°C),or below 9.5 centistokes at 77°F(25°C), tion specifically approved by a listing agency. and a flash point below 200°F(93.3°C) is determined in accor- FLAME RETARDANT is an approved chemical, chemical dance with Section 9003, Standard a.4.3. compound or mixture which,when applied in an approved manner The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity greater than 5.5 to any fabric or other material,will render such fabric or material centistokes or more at 104°F(37.8°C),or greater than 9.5 centis- incapable of supporting combustion. tokes at 77°F(25°C)or which have a tendency to form a surface film, is determined in accordance with Section 9003, Stand- FLAME-RESISTANT MATERIAL is material that has been and a.4.6. modified in its chemical composition by impregnation,coating or has inherent composition that makes the material resistant to igni- As an alternate,paints,enamels,lacquers,varnishes and related tion and combustion when exposed to a small ignition source. products having flash points between 32°F (0°C) and 230°F (110°C)and having a viscosity less than 150 centistokes at 77°F FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID is a cryogenic fluid (25°C) may be determined in accordance with Section 9003, which is flammable in its vapor state. Standard a.4.12. FLAMMABLE GAS is any material which is a gas at 68°F FLEXIBLE CORD is multiconductor flexible sheathed cable (20°C)or less at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)of pressure[a material has a which is used for extension cords,as the connection means for ap- boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa)] pliances, and for permanent use by connecting pieces of equip- which: ment or devices to each other or to the premises wiring system 1. Is ignitable at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)when in a mixture of 13 where flexibility or portability is required. percent or less by volume with air,or FLEXIBLE JOINT is either a swing joint or a flexible connec- 2. Has a flammable range at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)with air of at for for use on underground piping to prevent breakage of pipe or least 12 percent,regardless of the lower limit. loosening of pipe fittings due to movement,thermal expansion or other stress. The limits specified shall be determined at 14.7 psi(101.3 kPa) of pressure and a temperature of 68°F(20°C)in accordance with FLOOR AREA is the area included within the surrounding ex- B nationally recognized standards. See Article 90,Standard a.4.9. terior walls of a building or portion thereof, exclusive of vent B shafts and courts.The floor area of a building,or portion thereof, B FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS is a liquefied compressed not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable B gas which under the charged pressure is partially liquid at a tem- area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. B perature of 68°F(20°C)and which is flammable. FLUIDIZED BED is a container holding powder coating ma- FLAMMABLE LIQUID is a liquid having a closed cup flash terial which is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported point below 100°F(37.8°C).The category of flammable liquids expanded cloud of such material through which the preheated ob- does not include compressed gases or cryogenic fluids. Flam- ject to be coated is immersed and transported. mable liquids are further categorized into a group known as Class I FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING is a structure B liquids.The Class I category is subdivided as follows: B that is used for tiered seating of persons, and having an overall B Class I-A liquids include those having a flash point below 73°F shape and size may be reduced without being dismantled,for pur- a (22.8°C)and having a boiling point below 100°F(37.8°C). poses of moving or storing. B Class I-B liquids include those having a flash point below 73°F FOOTBOARDS are that part of a raised seating facility other B (22.8°C)and having a boiling point at or above 100°F(37.8°C). than an aisle or cross aisle upon which the occupant walks to reach B Class I-C liquids include those having a flash point at or above a seat. B 73°F(22.8°C)and below 100°F(37.8°C). FUEL BREAK is a strip or block of land on which the vegeta- FLAMMABLE MATERIAL is tion has been permanently modified so that fires burning into it will not propagate across it. 1. A material that will readily ignite from common sources of FUEL OIL is kerosene or any hydrocarbon oil conforming to heat,and nationally recognized standards and having a flash point not less 2. A material that will ignite at a temperature of 600°F than 100°F(37.8°C). (315.6°C)or less. FUMIGANT is a substance which,by itself or in combination FLAMMABLE SOLID is a solid substance, other than one with other substances,emits or liberates a gas,fume or vapor used which is defined as a blasting agent or explosive,that is liable to for the destruction or control of insects,fungi,vermin,germs,ro- 1-17 207 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 209 dents or other pests. Fumigants are distinguished from insecti- HAZARDOUS WATERSHED FIRE AREA is a location cides and disinfectants. within 500 feet(152.4 m)of a forest or brush-,grass-or grain-cov- FUMIGATION is a process using a fumigant. ered land,exclusive of small individual lots or parcels of land lo- cated outside of a brush-,forest-or grass-covered area. SECTION 208—G HEALTH HAZARD is a classification of a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one B GARAGE is a building or portion thereof in which a motor ve- study conducted in accordance with established scientific prin- B hicle containing flammable or combustible liquids or gas in its ciples that acute or chronic health effects could occur in exposed B tank is stored,repaired or kept. persons. Health hazards include chemicals which are carcinogens, B toxic or highly toxic materials,reproductive toxins,irritants,cor- B GARAGE,PRIVATE,is a building or a portion of a building, rosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, B not more than 1,000 square feet (92.9 m�)in area, in which only agents which act on the hematopoietic system,and agents which B motor vehicles used by the tenants of the building or buildings on damage the lungs, skin,eyes or mucous membranes. B the premises are stored or kept. B HEATING AND COOKING APPLIANCE is an electric,gas GARAGE,PUBLIC,is any garage other than a private garage. or oil-fired appliance not intended for central heating. GAS CABINET is a fully enclosed,noncombustible enclosure HELIPORT is an area of land or water or a structure surface used to provide an isolated environment for compressed gas cylin- which is used,or intended for use,for the landing and take-off of ders in storage or use. Doors and access ports for exchanging cyl- helicopters,and any appurtenant areas which are used,or intended inders and accessing pressure-regulating controls are allowed to for use,for heliport buildings and other heliport facilities. be included. HELISTOP is the same as a heliport,except that no refueling, GAS ROOM is a separately ventilated,fully enclosed room in maintenance,repairs or storage of helicopters is permitted. which only compressed gases and associated equipment and sup- HIGH EXPLOSIVE is explosive material,such as dynamite, plies are stored or used. which can be caused to detonate by means of a No. 8 test blasting GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSE is a detached build- cap when unconfined. ing or a separate portion of a building used for storage or ware- HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIAL is a material which produces a housing operations involving mixed commodities. lethal dose or lethal concentration which falls within any of the B GRANDSTANDS are tiered or stepped seating facilities following categories: B wherein an area of more than 3 square feet(0.28 m2)is assigned 1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose(LD50)of 50 milli- • for each person when computing the occupant load. grams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered GROUND PIECE is a pyrotechnic device that functions on the orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. ground.Ground pieces include fountains,roman candles,wheels 2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose(LD50)of 200 mil- and set pieces. ligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered by B GUEST is any person hiring or occupying a room for living or continuous contact for 24 hours,or less if death occurs within 24 B sleeping purposes. hours,with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and GUNPOWDER is any of various powders used in firearms and 3 kilograms each. small arms ammunition as propelling charges. 3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration(LC50)in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor,or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist,fume or dust,when adminis- SECTION 209—H tered by continuous inhalation for one hour,or less if death occurs HANDLING is the deliberate movement of material by any within one hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 means to a point of storage or use. grams each. HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL REACTION is a reaction Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials,such as wa- which generates pressure or byproducts which could cause injury, ter, might not warrant classification as highly toxic. While this illness or harm to humans,domestic animals,livestock or wildlife. system is basically simple in application, any hazard evaluation which is required for the precise categorization of this type of ma- HAZARDOUS FIRE AREA is land which is covered with terial shall be performed by experienced, technically competent grass,grain brush or forest,whether privately or publicly owned, persons. which is so situated or is of such inaccessible location that a fire HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUID is a liquid with a boiling point originating upon such land would present an abnormally difficult of less than 68°F(20°C). job of suppression or would result in great and unusual damage through fire or resulting erosion. Such areas are designated by the HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE is storage of chief on a map maintained in the office of the chief. combustible materials in closely packed piles or combustible ma- terials on pallets,in racks or on shelves where the top of storage is HAZARDOUS MATERIALS are those chemicals or sub- greater than 12 feet(3658 mm)in height. When required by the stances which are physical hazards or health hazards as defined chief,high-piled combustible storage also includes certain high- and classified in Article 80 whether the materials are in usable or hazard commodities,such as rubber tires,Group A plastics,flam- waste condition. mable liquids,idle pallets and similar commodities,where the top HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM) is a of storage is greater than 6 feet(1829 mm)in height. solid,liquid or gas associated with semiconductor manufacturing HIGHWAY is a public street or public road. that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health,flammability or reac tivity of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by UFC Standard 79-3 and which is HOGGED MATERIAL is a mixture of bark, chips, dust or used directly in research, laboratory or production processes other pieces of natural wood by-products. which have as their end product materials which are not hazard- HORIZONTAL EXIT is a wall which completely divides a ous. floor of a building into two or more separate exit-access areas to 1-18 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 209 213 B B B afford safety from fire and smoke in the exit-access areas of inci- SECTION 211 —J B dent origin. B JURISDICTION is any state,county,city or town,or district B HOTEL is any building containing six or more guest rooms in- or other political subdivision adopting this code for use in its juris- B tended or designed to be used,or which are used,rented or hired dictional area. B out to be occupied,or which are occupied for sleeping purposes by JURISDICTIONAL AREA is the territory of the state, B guests. county,city or district adopting this code. HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID is an HIM liquid that is de- fined as either a Class I flammable or Class II or Class III-A com- SECTION 212—K bustible liquid. No definitions. HPM ROOM is a room used in conjunction with or serving a semiconductor fabrication facility classified as a Group H Occu- SECTION 213—L pancy,where HPM is stored or used and which is classified as a Group H Occupancy. LABELED is equipment or material to which has been at- tached a label, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally igniting spontaneously upon contact with another substance. recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other orga- nization concerned with product evaluation that maintains period- ic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials,and by whose labeling is indicated compliance with nationally recog- SECTION 210—1 nized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner. IDLH(Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health)is a con- LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas) is a material centration of airborne contaminants,normally expressed in parts which is composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons per million(ppm)or milligrams per cubic meter,which represents or mixtures of them: propane,propylene,butane(normal butane the maximum level from which one could escape within 30 min- or isobutane)and butylenes. utes without any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS EQUIPMENT is con- health effects.This level is established by the National Institute of q terns, and equipment pertinent to the storage,apparatus,piping other than utility distribution piping sys- Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH).If adequate data do not o exist for precise establishment of IDLH data,an independent cer- terns, handling of tified industrial hygienist, industrial toxicologist or appropriate liquefied petroleum gas.Liquefied petroleum gas equipment does regulatory agency shall make such determination. not include gas-consuming appliances. LIQUID is a material that has a melting point which is equal to IME is the Institute of Makers of Explosives. or less than 68°F(20°C)and a boiling point which is greater than INCINERATOR is a structure, or portion thereof, container, 68°F(20°C)at 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa).When not otherwise identi- device or other appliance designed,used or intended to be used for fied,the term"liquid"includes both flammable and combustible the disposal of combustible rubbish by burning. liquids. LIQUID STORAGE ROOM is a room classified as a Group INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS are materials which,when H, Division 3 Occupancy used for the storage of flammable or in contact with each other,have the potential to react in a manner combustible liquids in a closed condition. See Section 7902.5.11 that generates heat,fumes,gases or byproducts which are hazard- for requirements. ous to life or property. LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE is a Group H,Division 3 INERT GASES are argon,helium,krypton,neon,nitrogen and Occupancy used for the storage of flammable or combustible liq- xenon. uids in an unopened condition. The quantities of flammable or INHABITED BUILDING is a building regularly occupied in combustible liquids stored are not limited.See Section 7902.5.12 whole or in part as a habitation for human beings.Inhabited build- for requirements. ings include churches,schools,railway passenger stations,stores, LISTED is equipment or materials included on a list published airport terminals for passengers,and other buildings or structures by a nationally recognized testing laboratory,inspection agency where people are accustomed to congregate or assemble.Inhab- or other organization concerned with product evaluation that ited buildings do not include buildings or structures occupied in maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or connection with the manufacture,transportation,storage or use of materials, and whose listing states that equipment or materials explosives and blasting agents. meet nationally recognized standards and have been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. INTRAPLANT DISTANCE is the minimum distance per- LNG is liquefied natural gas. mitted between two buildings on an explosives manufacturing site,when at least one of the buildings contains or is designed to LODGING HOUSE is any building or portion thereof contain- B contain explosives. ing not more than five guest rooms where rent is paid in money, B goods,labor or otherwise. B IRRITANT is a chemical which is not corrosive, but which LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE is the flue space between causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemi- cal action at the site of contact. A chemical is a skin irritant if, rows of storage perpendicular to the direction of loading. when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the methods of LOW EXPLOSIVE is explosive material that will bum or def- 16 C.F.R. 1500.41 for four hours'exposure or by other appropriate lagrate when ignited.It is characterized by a rate of reaction that is techniques,it results in an empirical score of 5 or more.A chemi- less than the speed of sound.Examples of low explosives are black cal is an eye irritant if so determined under the procedure listed in powder,safety fuse,igniters,igniter cord,fuse lighters,fireworks, 16 C.F.R. 1500.42 or other approved techniques. 1.3G and propellants, 1.3C. 1-19 213 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 216 LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT(LFL)is the minimum dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor ve- concentration of vapor in air at which propagation of flame will hicles. occur in the presence of an ignition source.LFL is sometimes re- MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATION,MA- ferred to as LEL or lower explosive limit. RINE,is that portion of property where flammable or combus- LOW-PRESSURE TANK is a storage tank designed to with- tible liquids or gases used as fuel for watercraft are stored and stand an internal pressure greater than 0.5 psig(3.4 kPa)but not dispensed from fixed equipment on shore,piers,wharves,floats or greater than 15 psig(103.4 kPa). barges into the fuel tanks of watercraft and shall include all other LUMBER is timber sawn into standardized structural members facilities used in connection therewith. or boards. MULTIPLUG ADAPTER is a device that plugs into a recep- tacle and allows that receptacle to supply power to more ap- pliances or fixtures than that for which it was originally designed, SECTION 214—M such as cube adapters,strip plugs and multiplug extension cords. MAGAZINE is a building or structure used for the storage of MULTITHEATER COMPLEX is a building or portion there- B explosives. of containing two or more motion picture auditoriums that are B MAGNESIUM is the pure metal and alloys of which the major served by a common lobby. B part is magnesium. B MALL is a roofed or covered common pedestrian area within a SECTION 215—N B covered mall building which serves as access for two or more ten- NESTING is a method of securing cylinders upright in a tight B ants and may have three levels that are open to each other. mass using a contiguous three-point contact system whereby all MANUAL STOCKING METHODS are those methods uti- cylinders within a group have a minimum of three points of con- lizing ladders or other nonmechanical equipment to move stock. tact with other cylinders,walls or bracing. MANUFACTURER'S INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. are printed instructions included with equipment as part of the con- NONCOMBUSTIBLE as applied to building construction B ditions of a listing. material means a material which,in the form in which it is used,is B either one of the following: B MASS-DETONATING EXPLOSIVES are high explosives, B black powder,certain propellants,certain pyrotechnics and other 1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when sub- B similar explosives,alone or in combination,or loaded into various jeered to fire.Any material passing ASTM 136 shall be considered B types of ammunition or containers,most of which can be expected noncombustible. B to explode virtually instantaneously when a small portion is sub- 2. Material having a structural base of noncombustible materi- B jected to fire,severe concussion,impact,the impulse of an initiat- al as defined in Item 1 above,with a surfacing material not over 1/8 B ing agent,or the effect of a considerable discharge of energy from inch(3.2 mm)thick which has a flame-spread rating of 50 or less. B without. Such an explosive will normally cause severe structural B damage to adjacent objects. Explosive propagation could occur "Noncombustible" does not apply to surface finish materials. B Material required to be noncombustible for reduced clearances to immediately to other items of ammunition and explosives stored B flues, heating appliances or other sources of high temperature B sufficiently close to and not adequately protected from the initial- B shall refer to material conforming to Item 1.No material shall be B ly exploding pile with a time interval short enough so that two or B classed as noncombustible which is subject to increase in combos- B more quantities must be considered as one for quantity/distance B (Q/D)purposes. tibility or flame-spread rating, beyond the limits herein estab- B lished,through the effects of age,moisture or other atmospheric B MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET(MSDS)is written or condition. B B printed material concerning a hazardous material which is pre- NONFLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE is an atmosphere in pared in accordance with the provisions of 29 C.F.R. 1910.1200. which the concentration of flammable constituents in air do not MCA is the Manufacturing Chemists Association. exceed 10 percent of their lower flammability limit(LFL). B MEANS OF EGRESS is an exit system which provides a con- NORMAL TEMPERATURE PRESSURE (NTP)is a rem- B B tinuous, unobstructed and undiminished path of exit travel from perature of 70°F(21.1°C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere [14.7 B B any occupied point in a building or structure to a public way. psia(101.3 kPa)]. B ' MECHANICAL CODE is the Mechanical Code adopted by B this jurisdiction. SECTION 216—O B MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS are the stocking OCCUPANCY is the purpose for which a building or part B methods utilizing motorized vehicles or hydraulic jacks to move thereof is used or intended to be used. B stock. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION.For the purpose of this B MORTAR is a tube from which aerial shells are fired. code,certain occupancies are defined as follows: B B MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATION, Group A Occupancies: B B AIRCRAFT,is that portion of an airport or heliport where flam- B Group A Occupancies include the use of a building or structure, B mable or combustible liquids used as aircraft fuel are stored and or a portion thereof,for the gathering together of 50 or more per- B dispensed from fixed automotive-type dispensing equipment into sons for purposes such as civic,social or religious functions;rec B fuel tanks of an aircraft and shall include all facilities essential reation, education or instruction; food or drink consumption; or B thereto. B awaiting transportation.A room or space used for assembly pur- B MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATION,AU- poses by less than 50 persons and accessory to another occupancy B TOMOTIVE, is that portion of property where flammable or shall be included as a part of that major occupancy. Assembly oc- B combustible liquids or gases used as motor fuels are stored and cupancies shall include the following: B 1-20 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 216 B Division 1.A building or portion of a building having an assem- Division 2. Any building used for educational purposes B B bly room with an occupant load of 1,000 or more and a legitimate through the 12th grade by less than 50 persons for more than 12 B B stage. hours per week or four hours in any one day. B B Division 2.A building or portion of a building having an assem- Division 3. Any building or portion thereof used for day-care B B bly room with an occupant load of less than 1,000 and a legitimate purposes for more than six persons. B Bstage. Group F Occupancies: B Division 2.1.A building or portion of a building having an as- B Group F Occupancies shall include the use of a building or B B sembly room with an occupant load of 300 or more without alegit- structure,or a portion thereof,for assembling,disassembling,fab- B B imate stage, including such buildings used for educational ricatin finishin manufacturing,packaging,'n ,re air or process- B B purposes and not classed as Group B or E Occupancies. g' g' g'P g P P B B P rP P P ing operations that are not classified as Group H Occupancies. e B Division 3.A building or portion of a building having an assem- Factory and industrial occupancies shall include the following: B B bly room with an occupant load of less than 300 without a legiti- Division 1. Moderate-hazard factory and industrial occupan- B B mate stage, including such buildings used for educational cies shall include factory and industrial uses which are not classi- B B purposes and not classed as Group B or E Occupancies. fied as Group F, Division 2 Occupancies, but are not limited to B B Division 4. Stadiums, reviewing stands and amusement park facilities producing the following: B Bstructures not included within other Group A Occupancies. 1. Aircraft. B B Group B Occupancies: 2. Appliances. B BGroup B Occupancies shall include buildings, structures, or 3. Athletic equipment. B B portions thereof,for office,professional or service-type transac- B B 4. Automobiles and other motor vehicles. B B tions,which are not classified as Group H Occupancies.Such oc- B B cupancies include occupancies for the storage of records and 5. Bakeries. B B accounts, and eating and drinking establishments with an occu- 6. Alcoholic beverages. B B pant load of less than 50.Business occupancies shall include,but B B not be limited to,the following: 7. Bicycles. B B1. Animal hospitals,kennels,pounds. 8. Boats. B B 9. Brooms and brushes. B B 2. Automobile and other motor vehicle showrooms. B B3 Banks 10. Business machines. B B 4. Barber shops. 11. Canvas or similar fabric. 13 B 5. Beauty shops. 12. Cameras and photo equipment. B B 6. Car washes. 13. Carpets and rugs,including cleaning. 13 B B 7. Civic administration. 14. Clothing. B B 15. Construction and agricultural machinery. B B 8. Outpatient clinic and medical offices(where five or less pa- e B tients in a tenant space are incapable of unassisted self-preserva- 16. Dry cleaning and dyeing. a B tion). 17. Electronics assembly. B B9. Dry cleaning pick-up and delivery stations and self-ser- 18. Engines,including rebuilding. B B vice. a B 19. Photographic film. B B 10. Educational occupancies above the 12th grade. B B 20. Food processing. e B11. Electronic data processing. 21. Furniture. B B 12. Fire stations. B B 22. Hemp products. B a 13. Florists and nurseries. B B 23. Jute products. B B 14. Laboratories-testing and research. B B 24. Laundries. B B 15. Laundry pick-up and delivery stations and self-service. e B 25. Leather products. B B 16. Police stations.B 26. Machinery. B B 17. Post offices. B B 27. Metal. B B 18. Print shops. B B 28. Motion pictures and television filming and videotaping. B B19. Professional services such as attorney, dentist, physician, B B 29. Musical instruments. B B engineer. B B 30. Optical goods. a 20. Radio and television stations. B B 31. Paper mills or products. B B 21. Telephone exchanges. B B Group E Occupancies: 32. Plastic products. B B 33. Printing or publishing. B BGroup E Occupancies shall be: B B 34. Recreational vehicles. B B Division 1. Any building used for educational purposes B B 35. Refuse incineration. B B through the 12th grade by 50 or more persons for more than 12 B B hours per week or four hours in any one day. 36. Shoes. e 1-21 216 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE B 37. Soaps and detergents. 5. Shopping centers. B s B 38. Tobacco. 6. Sales rooms. B B B 39. Trailers. 7. Wholesale and retail stores. B B B 40. Wood,distillation. Group R Occupancies: B B41. Millwork(sash and door). Group R Occupancies shall be: B B 42. Woodworking,cabinet. Division 1.Hotels and apartment houses. B B B Division 2. Low-hazard factory and industrial occupancies Congregate residences(each accommodating more than 10 per- B B shall include facilities producing noncombustible or nonexplo- sons). B B sive materials which,during finishing,packing or processing,do B Division 2.Not used. B B not involve a significant fire hazard,including,but not limited to, B B the following: Division 3.Dwellings and lodging houses. B B1. Nonalcoholic beverages. Congregate residences (each accommodating 10 persons or B B 2. Brick and masonry. less). B Group S Occupancies: B B 3. Ceramic products. B B 4. Foundries. Group S Occupancies shall include the use of a building or B B structure,or a portion thereof,for storage not classified as a haz- B B 5. Glass products. ardous occupancy. Storage occupancies shall include the follow- B B 6. Gypsum. ing: B B 7. Ice. Division 1.Moderate hazard storage occupancies shall include B B buildings or portions of buildings used for storage of combustible B B 8. Steel products-fabrication and assembly. materials that are not classified as a Group S,Division 2 or as a B Group H Occupancies: Group H Occupancy. B Group H Occupancies shall include buildings or structures,or Division 2. Low-hazard storage occupancies shall include B portions thereof,that involve the manufacturing,processing,gen- buildings,structures,or portions thereof,used for storage of non- B eration or storage of materials that constitute a high fire,explosion combustible materials,such as products on wood pallets or in pa- B or health hazard.Group H Occupancies shall be classified in ac- per cartons with or without single-thickness divisions,or in paper B cordance with the Building Code adopted by the jurisdiction. wrappings and shall include ice plants,power plants and pumping B plants.Such products may have a negligible amount of plastic trim B B Group I Occupancies: such as knobs,handles or film wrapping.Low-hazard storage oc- B B Group I Occupancies shall be: cupancies shall include,but are not limited to,storage of the fol B eDivision 1.1.Nurseries for the full-time care of children under lowing items: B B the age of six(each accommodating more than five children). 1. Beer or wine(in metal,glass or ceramic containers). B B Hospitals,sanitariums,nursing homes with nonambulatory pa- 2. Cement in bags. B B tients and similar buildings(each accommodating more than five 3. Cold storage and creameries. B B patients). B B 4. Dairy products in nonwax-coated paper containers. B B Division 1.2. Health-care centers for ambulatory patients re- BB ceiving outpatient medical care which may render the patient in- 5. Dry cell batteries. B B capable of unassisted self-preservation (each tenant space 6. Dryers. B Baccommodating more than five such patients). 7. Dry pesticides in a building not classified as a Group H Oc- B Division 2.Nursing homes for ambulatory patients,homes for cupancy. B children six years of age or over(each accommodating more than B 8. Electrical coils. B B five patients or children). B B 9. Electrical insulators. B B Division 3.Mental hospitals,mental sanitariums,jails,prisons, B B reformatories and buildings where personal liberties of inmates 10. Electrical motors. B B are similarly restrained. 11. Empty cans. B B EXCEPTION: Group I Occupancies shall not include 12. Foods in noncombustible containers. B Bbuildings used only for private residential purposes for a fami- B ly group. 13. Fresh fruits in nonplastic trays or containers. B B B Group M Occupancies: 14. Frozen foods. B B B Group M Occupancies shall include buildings, structures, or 15. Glass bottles(empty or filled with nonflammable liquids). B B portions thereof,used for the display and sale of merchandise,and 16. Gypsum board. B B involving stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to B B B such purposes and accessible to the public.Mercantile occupan- 17. Inert pigments. B B cies shall include,but are not limited to,the following: 18. Meats. B B1. Department stores. 19. Metal cabinets. B B 2. Drug stores. 20. Metal furniture. B B B B 3. Markets. 21. Oil-filled distribution transformers. B B B 4. Paint stores without bulk handling. 22. Stoves. B 1-22 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 216 217 B 23.Washers. Class I:Class I organic peroxides are capable of deflagration, B but not detonation.These organic peroxides present a high explo- BDivision 3.Division 3 Occupancies shall include repair garages sion hazard through rapid decomposition. where work is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance re- B quiring no open flame or welding,motor vehicle fuel-dispensing Class II:Class II organic peroxides burn very rapidly and pres- B stations,and parking garages not classified as Group S,Division 4 ent a severe reactivity hazard. B open parking garages or Group U private garages. Class III:Class III organic peroxides burn rapidly and present a Division 4. Open parking garages as set forth in the Building moderate reactivity hazard. Code. Class IV:Class IV organic peroxides burn in the same manner B as ordinary combustibles and present a minimum reactivity haz- a Division 5.Aircraft hangars where work is limited to exchange and B of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame or welding and B helistops. Class V:Class V organic peroxides bum with less intensity than B ordinary combustibles or do not sustain combustion and do not B Group U Occupancies: present a reactivity hazard. B Group U Occupancies shall include buildings or structures,or OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. B portions thereof,and shall be:B OTHER HEALTH HAZARD MATERIAL is a hazardous B Division 1. Private garages, carports, sheds and agricultural material which affects target organs of the body,including,but not B B buildings. limited to,those materials which produce liver damage,kidney ' EXCEPTION: Where applicable in accordance with the damage, damage to the nervous system, act on the blood to de- Building Code for agricultural buildings. crease hemoglobin function,deprive the body tissue of oxygen,or affect reproductive capabilities, including mutations (chromo- Division 2.over 6 feet(1829 mm)high,tanks and towers. somal damage)or teratogens(effects on fetuses). OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT is an oil burner of any type to- OWNER includes persons having vested or contingent interest gether with its tank,piping,wiring,controls and related devices. in the property in question and their duly authorized agents or at- Oil-burning equipment includes oil burners, oil-fired units and tomeys,purchasers,devisees and fiduciaries. heating and cooking appliances but does not include equipment OXIDIZER is a material,other than a blasting agent or explo- exempted by Section 6101. sive, that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that OIL-FIRED UNIT is a heating appliance equipped with one or readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible more oil burners and the necessary safety controls, electrical materials. Oxidizer liquids and solids are subdivided as follows: equipment and related equipment manufactured for assembly as a Class 4:An oxidizer that can undergo an explosive reaction due complete unit.Oil-fired unit does not include kerosene stoves or to contamination or exposure to thermal or physical shock. In oil stoves. addition,the oxidizer will enhance the burning rate and may cause OPEN BURNING is the burning of a bonfire,rubbish fire or spontaneous ignition of combustible materials. other fire in an outdoor location where fuel being burned is not Class 3: An oxidizer that will cause a severe increase in the contained in an incinerator, outdoor fireplace, barbecue grill or burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes in con- barbecue pit. tact or that will undergo vigorous, self-sustained decomposition B OPEN-AIR GRANDSTANDS and BLEACHERS are seat- due to contamination or exposure to heat. B ing facilities which are located so that the side toward which the Class 2:An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in the B audience faces is unroofed and without an enclosing wall.See also burning rate or that may cause spontaneous ignition of combus- B Section 203 for BLEACHERS. tible materials with which it comes in contact. OPERATING LINE is a group of separated operating build- Class 1:An oxidizer whose primary hazard is that it slightly fin- ings of specific arrangement used in the assembly,modification, creases the burning rate but does not cause spontaneous ignition reconditioning, renovation, maintenance, inspection, surveil- When it comes in contact with combustible materials. lance,testing or manufacturing of explosives. ORGANIC COATING is a liquid mixture of binders,such as SECTION 217—P alkyd, nitrocellulose, acrylic or oil and flammable and combus- PACKAGING is a receptacle and other components or materi- tible solvents such as hydrocarbon,ester,ketone or alcohol,which als necessary for the receptacle to perform its containment func- when spread in a thin film converts to a durable protective and lion. Packaging includes, but is not limited to, containers, decorative finish. cylinders,and portable and stationary tanks. ORGANIC PEROXIDE is an organic compound that contains PANELBOARD,ELECTRICAL,is a single panel,or group the bivalent-0-0-structure and which may be considered to be a of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel, structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of with automatic overcurrent devices and with or without switches the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an organic radical. for the control of light,heat or power circuits,and designed to be Some organic peroxides can present an explosion hazard(detona- placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall or tion or deflagration)or they can be shock sensitive.Organic per- partition and accessible only from the front. See SWITCH- oxides will decompose over time at a rate that increases with BOARD,ELECTRICAL. increasing temperature. Decomposition products may be flam- PANIC HARDWARE is a door-latching assembly incorporat- B mable.Organic peroxides are subdivided into classes as follows: ing an unlatching device,the activation portion of which extends B Detonatable: Detonatable organic peroxides are capable of across at least one half the width of the door leaf on which it is as detonation. These organic peroxides present an extremely high installed. B explosion hazard through rapid explosive decomposition and are PARADE FLOAT is a unit especially designed or constructed B regulated as explosives. for use in conjunction with a parade or public gathering. 1-23 217 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 218 PERCUSSION CAP is a device used to ignite the powder PRIMARY CONTAINMENT is the first level of contain- charge of small arms ammunition. ment, consisting of the inside portion of that container which B PERMANENT STANDS are those seating facilities which re- comes into immediate contact on its inner surface with the materi- B main at a location for more than 90 days. al being contained. PERMANENT WIRING is wiring affixed to a structure in ac- PRIMARY TANK is a listed atmospheric tank sed to store liq- cordance with the Electrical Code. uid. See definitions of PRIMARY CONTAINMENT. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT(PEL)is the maximum PRIVATE STAIRWAY is a stairway serving one tenant only. B permitted eight-hour time-weighted average concentration of an PROCESSING PLANT is that portion of a property in which airborne contaminant. The maximum permitted time-weighted flammable or combustible liquids or materials are mixed,heated, average exposures to be utilized are those published in 29 C.F.R. separated or otherwise processed as principal business. Process- 1910.1000. ing plants do not include refineries. PEROXIDE-FORMING CHEMICAL is a chemical which, PROPELLANT is the liquefied or compressed gas in an aero- when exposed to air, will form explosive peroxides which are sol container that expels the contents from an aerosol container shock,pressure or heat sensitive. when the valve is actuated.A propellant is considered flammable B if it forms a flammable mixture with air,or if a flame is self-propa- B PERSON is a natural person,heirs,executors, administrators B or assigns,and also includes a firm,partnership or corporation,its gating in a mixture with air. B or their successors or assigns,or the agent of any of the aforesaid. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION is information regarding PERSON,AMBULATORY,is one who is capable of leaving a compounds or ingredients used in a process or production which fire area within a reasonable length of time without assistance of does not qualify as trade secrets but which provides an industry or any kind in event of an emergency. business with a competitive advantage. PERSON,NONAMBULATORY,is one who is incapable of PROTECTED ABOVEGROUND TANK is a listed tank sys- leaving a fire area within a reasonable length of time without assis- tem consisting of a primary tank provided with protection from tance in event of an emergency. physical damage,and fire—resistive protection from a high—inten- sity liquid pool fire exposure. The tank system may provide these PESTICIDE is a substance or mixture of substances,including protection elements as a unit ormay be an assembly of compo- fungicides,intended for preventing,destroying,repelling or miti- nents,or a combination thereof. gating pests and substances or a mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant. Products de- PSIA is pounds per square inch,absolute. fined as drugs in the Federal Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act are not PUBLIC CONVEYANCE is any railroad car,street car,cab, pesticides. bus, airplane or other vehicle which is carrying passengers for PHYSICAL HAZARD is a classification of a chemical for hire. which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible PUBLIC NUISANCE is the existence of dry and drying liquid, compressed gas, cryogenic, explosive, flammable gas, weeds,rubbish and waste material on property,lands or premises flammable liquid, flammable solid, organic peroxide, oxidizer, which is dangerous or injurious to that or neighboring property, pyrophoric,unstable(reactive),or water-reactive material. lands or premises and which is detrimental to the welfare of the PLUMBING CODE is the Plumbing Code adopted by this ju- occupants or residents of the vicinity. risdiction. PUBLIC WAY is any street,alley or similar parcel of land es- B PORTABLE TANK is any packaging over 60 U.S. gallons sentially unobstructed from the ground to the sky which is deeded, B (227.1 L)capacity and designed primarily to be loaded into or on dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for B or temporarily attached to a transport vehicle or ship and equipped public use and having a clear width of not less than B m with skids, mounting or accessories to facilitate handling of the 10 feet(3048 m). tank by mechanical means.It does not include any cylinder having PYROPHORIC is a chemical that will spontaneously ignite in less than a 1,000-pound (453.5 kg) water capacity, cargo tank, air at or below a temperature of 130°F(54.5°C). tank car tank or trailers carrying cylinders of over 1,000-pound (453.5 kg)water capacity. PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION is a chemical mixture that, upon ignition, produces visible, brilliant displays, bright POWER TAP is a device for indoor use consisting of an attach- lights or sounds through a self-propagating,heat-releasing chemi- ment plug on one end of a flexible cord and two or more recep- cal reaction. tacles on the opposite end,and has overcurrent protection. PYROTECHNIC OPERATOR is an individual approved to POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK is a forklift, tractor, be responsible for pyrotechnics,pyrotechnic special effects mate- platform lift truck or motorized hand truck powered by an electri- rials or both. cal motor or internal combustion engine. Powered industrial trucks do not include farm vehicles or automotive vehicles for PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL(spe- highway use. cial effects) is a low explosive material, other than detonating PRESSURE DELIVERY SYSTEM and REMOTE PUMP- cord, commonly used in motion picture,television,theatrical or ING SYSTEM are methods of transferring flammable or com- group entertainment production for which a permit from the chief bustible liquids from underground storage tanks to the fuel tanks is required for use or storage. of motor vehicles when the pump is located elsewhere than in the dispenser. SECTION 218—Q PRESSURE VESSEL is a closed vessel designed to operate at pressures above 15 psig(103.4 kPa). No definitions. 1-24 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 219 SECTION 219—R RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCY is the occupancy or use of a building or structure or any portion thereof for displaying,selling RACK STORAGE is a combination of vertical,horizontal and or buying of goods,wares or merchandise. B diagonal members that support stored materials. Racks are al- REVIEWING STANDS are elevated platforms accommodat- B lowed to be fixed or portable. See Article 81. B ing not more than 50 persons. Seating facilities,if provided, are B RADIATION SOURCE MATERIALS,COMMON,are ra- normally in the nature of loose chairs. Reviewing stands accom- B dioisotopes,other than fissile materials,commonly used in vari- modating more than 50 persons shall be regulated as grandstands. B ous medical and industrial testing and measuring situations. ROOM. See LIQUID STORAGE ROOM and see Section RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL is a material or combination of 7903.2.3 for construction requirements for rooms where flam- materials that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation. mable or combustible liquids are used, dispensed or mixed in quantities exceeding exempt amounts. RAILWAY is a steam,electric or other railroad which carries RUBBISH is waste material including,but not limited to,gar- passengers for hire. bage,waste paper and debris from construction or demolition. REACTIVE MATERIAL is a material which can enter into a hazardous chemical reaction with other stable or unstable materi- SECTION 220—S als. SAFE DISPERSAL AREA.See DISPERSAL AREA,SAFE. B READY BOX is a storage container for aerial shells at the site SAFETY CAN is an approved container of not over 5-gallon of a fireworks display. (18.9 L)capacity having a spring-closing lid and spout cover. RECEPTACLE is an electrical outlet designed for use with a SAFETY CAP is a paper tube,closed at one end,that is placed plug or connector for the purpose of supplying electrical power to over the end of the fuse of an aerial shell to protect it from acciden- an appliance. tal ignition. RECREATIONAL FIRE is the burning of materials other SAFETY FACTOR is a ratio of the design burst pressure to the than rubbish where fuel being burned is not contained in an incin- maximum working pressure which is not less than four. erator,outdoor fireplace,barbecue grill or barbecue pit and with a SALVAGE VEHICLE is a vehicle which is dismantled for total fuel area of 3 feet(914 mm)or less in diameter and 2 feet(610 parts or awaiting destruction. mm)or less in height for pleasure,religious,ceremonial,cooking or similar purposes. SCAVENGED GAS is residual process gas that is collected for treatment or release at a location remote from the site of use. REDUCED FLOW VALVE is a valve equipped with a re- SECONDARY CONTAINMENT is that level of containment stricted flow orifice and inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, that is external to and separate from primary containment. portable tank or stationary tank that is designed to reduce the max- imum flow from the valve under full flow conditions.The maxi- SECURE is safe from intrusion or contained separately to pre- mum flow rate from the valve is determined with the valve vent mixing with other materials. allowed to flow to atmosphere with no other piping or fittings at- SEGREGATED is storage in the same room or inside area,but tached. physically separated by distance from incompatible materials. REFINERY is a plant in which flammable or combustible liq- SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY is a uids are produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, building or portion of a building classified as a Group H Occupan- natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources. cy in which electrical circuits or devices are created on solid crys- talline substances having electrical conductivity greater than REFRIGERANT is the fluid used for heat transfer in a refrig- insulators but less than conductors.These circuits or devices are erating system; the refrigerant absorbs heat and transfers it at a commonly known as semiconductors. higher temperature and a higher pressure,usually with a change of state. SENSITIZER is a chemical that causes a substantial propor- tion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM. See PRESSURE DELIV- in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical. B ERY SYSTEM. SERVICE CORRIDOR.See Section 5101.4.2. B REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR is a liquid solvent con- SHELF STORAGE is storage on shelves less than 30 inches tainer which is completely enclosed against evaporative losses to (762 nun)deep with the distance between shelves not exceeding the atmosphere during nonuse periods,except for a solvent return 3 feet(914 mm)vertically.For other shelving arrangements,see opening not larger than 16 square inches(10 323 mm2).Such re- the requirements for rack storage. turn allows pump-cycled used solvent to drain back into the reser- SIMPLE ASPHYXIANT GAS is a gas which does not pro- voir from a separate solvent sink or work area. vide sufficient oxygen to support life and has none of the other The reservoir is allowed to be integral to the parts-cleaning ma- physical or health hazards specified in Section 8002.2.1. chine it services or separate and connected by hoses,tubing,pip- SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION is shotgun,rifle,pistol or re- ing or similar devices. volver cartridges. B REPAIR is the reconstruction or renewal of any part of an exist- SMOKE DETECTOR is an approved listed device which B ing building for the purpose of its maintenance. senses visible or invisible particles of combustion. RETAIL DISPLAY AREA is the area of a Group M Occupan- SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING is seating B cy open for the purpose of viewing or purchasing merchandise of- served by a means of egress and is not subject to blockage by B fered for sale. Individuals in such establishments are free to smoke accumulation within or under a structure. circulate among the items offered for sale which are typically dis- SMOKING is the carrying or use of lighted pipe,cigar,ciga- played on shelves,racks or the floor. rette or tobacco in any form. 1-25 220 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 221 SMOKING MATERIAL is a material or combination of ma- STANDPIPE SYSTEM,CLASS III,is a standpipe system di- terials intended for use by generating products of combustion. rectly connected to a water supply and equipped with 21/2-inch Smoking materials include cigars, cigarettes, materials used in (63.5 mm)outlets or 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)and 11/2-inch(38.1 mm) pipes, and smoke bombs. outlets when a 11/2-inch(38.1 mm)hose is required.Hose connec- SOLID is a material which has a melting point or decomposes tions are allowed to be through 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)hose valves at a temperature greater than 68°F(20°C). with easily removable 2 /2-inch by 1 /2-inch (63.5 mm by 38.1 mm)reducers. SOLID SHELVING is shelving that is solid,slatted or of other STATIONARY TANK is packaging designed primarily for construction located in racks and which obstructs sprinkler dis- stationary installations not intended for loading,unloading or at- charge down into the racks. tachment to a transport vehicle as part of its normal operation in SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT is an appliance which re- the process of use.It does not include cylinders having less than ceives contaminated flammable or combustible liquids and dis- 1,000-pound (453.5 kg)water capacity. tills the contents to remove contaminants and recover the solvents. STORAGE FACILITY is a building,portion of a building or SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE is an ex- exterior area used for the storage of hazardous materials in excess plosive power-pack containing an explosive charge in the form of of exempt amounts specified in Section 8001.15. a cartridge or construction device. The term includes, but is not STREET is any thoroughfare or public way not less than 16 feet B limited to,explosive rivets,explosive bolts,explosive charges for (4877 mm)in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the B driving pins or studs, cartridges for explosive-actuated power public for public use. B tools and charges of explosives used in jet tapping of open-hearth STRUCTURE is that which is built or constructed,an edifice B furnaces and jet perforation of oil well casings. or building of any kind,or any piece of work artificially built up or B SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL HIGH-EXPLOSIVE MATERI- composed of parts joined together in some definite manner. B ALS are sheets,extrusions,pellets and packages of high explo- SWITCHBOARD,ELECTRICAL,is a large floor-mounted sives containing dynamite, trinitrotoluol, penaerythritoltetran- single panel,frame or assembly of panels on which are mounted, itrate,cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine or other similar compounds on the face or back or both,switches,overcurrent and other protec- used for high-energy-rate forming,expanding and shaping in met- tive devices,buses and usually instruments.Most modern switch- al fabrication and for dismemberment and quick reduction of boards, even though totally enclosed, are generally accessible scrap metal. from the rear as well as from the front,and are not intended to be SPRAY BOOTH is a mechanically ventilated appliance of installed in cabinets. See PANELBOARD,ELECTRICAL. varying dimensions and construction provided to enclose or ac- SYSTEM is an assembly of equipment consisting of a contain- commodate a spraying operation and to confine and limit the es- er or containers, appurtenances, pumps, compressors and con- cape of spray vapor and residue and to exhaust it safely. necting piping. SPRAYING AREA is an area in which dangerous quantities of SECTION 221 —T flammable vapors or combustible residues, dusts or deposits are present due to the operation of spraying processes.The chief is au- TANK is a vessel containing more than 60 gallons(227 L). thorized to define the limits of the spraying area in any specific TANK VEHICLE is a vehicle other than a railroad tank car or case. boat,with a cargo tank mounted thereon or built as an integral part SPRAYING ROOM is a room designed to accommodate thereof used for the transportation of flammable or combustible spraying operations complying with the Building Code require- liquids, LP-gas, or hazardous chemicals. Tank vehicles include ments for a Group H,Division 2 Occupancy. self-propelled vehicles and full trailers and semitrailers, with or without motive power,and carrying part or all of the load. SQUIB,ELECTRIC,is a device similar in appearance to an TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURE is an air-in- electric blasting cap which,upon activation by an electric current, flated,air-supported,cable,or frame-covered structure as defined produces a deflagration instead of a detonation. by the Building Code,which is erected for less than 180 days and STANDPIPE SYSTEM is a wet or dry system of piping, not otherwise defined as a tent,canopy or awning. valves,outlets and related equipment designed to provide water at TEMPORARY SEATING FACILITIES are those which are specified pressures and installed exclusively for the fighting of intended for use at a location for not more than 90 days. fires,including the following: TEMPORARY WIRING is wiring installed in an approved Class I is a standpipe system equipped with 21/2-inch (63.5 manner for a specific period when approved by the authority en- mm) outlets. forcing the Electrical Code. Class H is a standpipe system directly connected to a water sup- TENT is a temporary structure,enclosure or shelter constructed ply and equipped with 11/2-inch(38.1 mm)outlets and hose. of fabric or pliable material supported by any manner except by air or the contents it protects. Class III is a standpipe system directly connected to a water TEST BLASTING CAP NO. 8 is a blasting cap containing supply and equipped with 21/2-inch(63.5 nun)outlets or 21/2-inch 2 grams of a mixture of 80 percent mercury fulminate and 20 per- (63.5 mm)and 1 /2-inch(38.1 mm)outlets when a 1 /2-inch(38.1 cent potassium chlorate or a cap of equivalent strength. mm)hose is required.Hose connections for Class III systems may be made through 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)hose valves with easily re- THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING is the use of insec- movable 21/2-inch by 11/2-inch(63.5 mm by 38.1 mm)reducers. ticidal liquids which are passed through thermal-fog-generating units where they are,by means of heat,pressure and turbulence, STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASS I, is a standpipe system transformed and discharged in the form of fog or mist that is blown equipped with 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)outlets. into the area to be treated. STANDPIPE SYSTEM,CLASS II,is a standpipe system di- TOXIC MATERIAL is a material which produces a lethal rectly connected to a water supply and equipped with 11/2-inch dose or a lethal concentration within any of the following catego- (38.1 mm)outlets and hoses. ties: 1-26 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 221 224 1. A chemical or substance that has a median lethal dose compressed gases.Examples of closed systems for solids and liq- (LD50)of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but not more than uids include reaction process operations and product conveyed 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered through a piping system into a closed vessel, system or piece of orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. equipment. 2. A chemical or substance that has a median lethal dose USE, OPEN SYSTEM,is use of a solid or liquid hazardous (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more material in a vessel or system that is continuously open to the at- than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when adminis- mosphere during normal operations and where vapors are liber- tered by continuous contact for 24 hours, or less if death occurs ated,or the product is exposed to the atmosphere during normal within 24 hours,with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing be- operations. Examples of open systems for solids and liquids in- tween 2 and 3 kilograms each. clude dispensing from or into open beakers or containers,and dip 3. A chemical or substance that has a median lethal concentra- tank and plating tank operations. tion(LC50)in air more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor,or more than SECTION 223—V two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist,fume or dust,when administered by continuous inhalation VAPOR AREA is an area containing flammable vapors. The for one hour,or less if death occurs within one hour,to albino rats chief is authorized to determine the extent of the vapor area,taking weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. into consideration the characteristics of the liquid,the degree of sustained ventilation and the nature of operations. TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE is the space between rows of storage parallel to the direction of loading. VAPOR BALANCE SYSTEM is a system designed to capture and retain,without processing,vapors displaced during the filling of tanks and containers or during the fueling of vehicles. SECTION 222—U VAPOR PRESSURE is the pressure exerted by a volatile fluid UFC STANDARDS is the 2000 edition of the Uniform Fire as determined in accordance with Section 9003, Standard a.4.7. Code, Volume 2,published by the International Fire Code Insti- VAPOR-PROCESSING SYSTEM is a system designed to tute. capture and process vapors displaced during filling operations at UL is Underwriters Laboratories Inc. motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations,bulk plants or terminals by use of mechanical or chemical means.Examples include systems UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE is a release or emission of using blower-assist for capturing vapors and refrigeration absorp- materials in a manner which does not conform to the provisions of tion and combustion systems for processing vapors. this code or applicable public health and safety regulations. VAPOR-PROCESSING UNIT is the actual vapor-processing UNSTABLE(Reactive)MATERIAL is a material which,in equipment in one contiguous unit in an isolated or separated area. the pure state or as commercially produced,will vigorously poly- Vapor-processing units do not include in-line flame arresters,in- merize, decompose or condense,become self-reactive,or other- line fire checks,pressure vacuum valves,in-line check valves or wise undergo a violent chemical change under conditions of flow regulators at the dispenser. shock,pressure or temperature. VAPOR-RECOVERY SYSTEM is a system designed to cap- Class 4: Materials that, in themselves, are readily capable of ture and retain,without processing,vapors displaced during fill- detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at ing operations at motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations, bulk normal temperatures and pressures.This degree includes,among plants or terminals. Examples include balanced-pressure vapor others,materials that are sensitive to localized thermal or mechan- displacement systems and vacuum-assist systems without vapor ical shock at normal temperatures and pressures. processing. Class 3:Materials that,in themselves,are capable of detonation VAPOR-TRANSFER EQUIPMENT is the components of a or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction,but that require vapor-processing system, a vapor balance system, or other ap- a strong initiating source or that must be heated under confine- proved system which is designed to capture,transfer and prevent ment before initiation.This class includes,among others,materi- emissions of vapors or liquids displaced during filling of tanks or als that are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated containers or during the fueling of vehicles.Examples include the temperatures and pressures, vapor/liquid-dispensing nozzle, vapor-transfer lines and tank Class 2: Materials that readily undergo violent chemical vents. change at elevated temperatures and pressures. This class in- VEHICLE FUELING APPLIANCE is a listed natural gas cludes, among others,materials that exhibit an exotherm at tem- compressor package,not containing storage designed for the unat- peratures less than or equal to 302°F (150°C) when tested by tended dispensing of natural gas into the fuel tanks of motor ve- differential scanning calorimetry. hicles. Class 1:Materials that,in themselves,are normally stable,but VENT-RELEASE CONTAINER is an aerosol container that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. which is designed to provide a controlled venting of the base prod- This class includes, among others, materials that change or de- uct and propellant at a nominal hydrostatic pressure of less than compose on exposure to air,light or moisture,and materials that 210 psig(1447 kPa). exhibit an exotherm at temperatures greater than 302°F(150°C), but less than or equal to 572°F(300°C)when tested by differential SECTION 224—W scanning calorimetry. USE,CLOSED SYSTEM,is use of a solid or liquid hazardous WAREHOUSE. See definitions of LIQUID STORAGE material in a closed vessel or system that remains closed during WAREHOUSE and AEROSOL WAREHOUSE. normal operations where vapors emitted by the product are not lib- WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL is material which ex- erated outside of the vessel or system and the product is not ex- plodes; violently reacts;produces flammable,toxic or other haz- posed to the atmosphere during normal operations,and all uses of ardous gases; or evolves enough heat to cause self-ignition or 1-27 224 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 227 ignition of nearby combustibles upon exposure to water or mois- SECTION 225—X ture. No definitions. Water-reactive materials are subdivided as follows: SECTION 226—Y Class 3:Materials which react explosively with water without requiring heat or confinement. YARD WASTE FACILITY is a facility in which yard waste from trees, brush and other natural materials is processed into Class 2:Materials which may form potentially explosive mix- chips or hogged material. tures with water. Class 1: Materials which may react with water with some re- SECTION 227—Z lease of energy,but not violently. No definitions. 1-28 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 901 PART III GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR SAFETY ARTICLE 9- FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS AND WATER SUPPLY SECTION 901 —GENERAL 901.5 Obstruction and Control of Fire Apparatus Access Roads and Fire-protection Equipment. See Sections 902.2.4 901.1 Scope. Fire department access and water supply shall be and 1001.7. in accordance with Article 9. For firesafety during construction,alteration or demolition of a 901.6 Fire Protection in Recreational Vehicle,Mobile Home building,see Article 87. and Manufactured Housing Parks, Sales Lots and Storage Lots. Recreational vehicle, mobile home and manufactured 901.2 Permits and Plans. housing parks, sales lots and storage lots shall provide and main- tain fire hydrants and access roads in accordance with Sections 901.2.1 Permits. A permit is required to use or operate fire hy- 902 and 903. drants or valves intended for fire-suppression purposes which are installed on water systems and accessible to public highways,al- EXCEPTION: Recreational vehicle parks located in remote areas leys or private ways open to or generally used by the public. See shall be provided with protection and access roadways as required by the chief. Section 105,Permit f.1. EXCEPTION: A permit is not required for persons employed and SECTION 902—FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS authorized by the water company which supplies the system to use or operate fire hydrants or valves. 902.1 General. Fire department access roads shall be provided 901.2.2 Plans. and maintained in accordance with Sections 901 and 902. 901.2.2.1 Fire apparatus access. Plans for fire apparatus access For access to residential developments of three or more dwell- roads shall be submitted to the fire department for review and ap- ing units,the chief may be guided by Appendix III-E. proval prior to construction. 902.2 Fire Apparatus Access Roads. 901.2.2.2 Fire hydrant systems. Plans and specifications for 902.2.1 Required access. Fire apparatus access roads shall be fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department for provided in accordance with Sections 901 and 902.2 for every fa- review and approval prior to construction. cility, building or portion of a building hereafter constructed or 901.3 Timing of Installation. When fire protection, including moved into or within the jurisdiction when any portion of the facil- fire apparatus access roads and water supplies for fire protection, ity or any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of the build- is required to be installed,such protection shall be installed and ing is located more than 150 feet(45 720 mm)from fire apparatus made serviceable prior to and during the time of construction. access as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the EXCEPTION: When alternate methods of protection, as ap- building or facility.See also Section 902.3 for personnel access to buildings. proved,are provided,the requirements of Section 901.3 may be modi- fied or waived. EXCEPTIONS: 1.When buildings are completely protected with 901.4 Required Marking of Fire Apparatus Access Roads, an approved automatic fire sprinkler system,the provisions of Sections 902.2.1 and 902.2.2 may be modified by the chief. Addresses and Fire-protection Equipment. 2.When access roads cannot be installed due to location on property, 901.4.1 General. Marking of fire apparatus access roads, ad- topography,waterways,nonnegotiable grades or other similar condi- dresses and fire-protection equipment shall be in accordance with lions,the chief is authorized to require additional fire protection as spe- Sectiori 901.4. cified in Section 1001.9. 3.When there are not more than two Group R,Division 3,or Group 901.4.2 Fire apparatus access roads. When required by the U Occupancies,the requirements of Sections 902.2.1 and 902.2.2 may chief,approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided be modified by the chief and maintained for fire apparatus access roads to identify such More than one fire apparatus road shall be provided when it is roads and prohibit the obstruction thereof or both. determined by the chief that access by a single road might be im- paired by vehicle congestion,condition of terrain,climatic condi- 901.4.3 Fire-protection equipment and fire hydrants. Fire- tions or other factors that could limit access. protection equipment and fire hydrants shall be clearly identified in an approved manner to prevent obstruction by parking and other For high-piled combustible storage,see Section 8102.6.1. obstructions. For required access during construction, alteration or demoli- When required by the chief,hydrant locations shall be identi- tion of a building,see Section 8704.2. fied by the installation of reflective markers. 902.2.2 Specifications. See also Section 1001.7. 902.2.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an 901.4.4 Premises identification. Approved numbers or ad- unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm)and an un- dresses shall be provided for all new and existing buildings in such obstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches(4115 a position as to be plainly visible and legible from the street or road n1m)• fronting the property. EXCEPTION: Vertical clearance may be reduced,provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs 901.4.5 Street or road signs. When required by the chief,streets are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clear- and roads shall be identified with approved signs. ance when approved. 1-29 902.2.2.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 903.4.1.3 Vertical clearances or widths shall be increased when, in the ance shall have a sign affixed to the exterior side of such door stat- opinion of the chief,vertical clearances or widths are not adequate ing THIS DOOR BLOCKED. The sign shall consist of letters to provide fire apparatus access. having principal stroke of not less than 3/4 inch(19.1 mm)wide and at least 6 inches (152.4 mm) high on a contrasting back- 902.2.2.2 Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed ground. Required fire department access doors shall not be ob- and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and structed or eliminated.See Section 1207 for exit and exit-access shall be provided with a surface so as to provide all-weather driv- doors. ing capabilities. For access doors for high-piled combustible storage, see Sec- 902.2.2.3 Turning radius. The turning radius of a fire apparatus tion 8102.6.2. access road shall be as approved. 902.3.3 Shaftway marking. Exterior windows in buildings 902.2.2.4 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in used for manufacturing or for storage purposes which open direct- excess of 150 feet(45 720 mm)in length shall be provided with ly on shaftways or other vertical means of communication be- approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus. tween two or more floors shall be plainly marked with the word SHAFTWAY in red letters at least 6 inches(152.4 mm)high on a 902.2.2.5 Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as part white background.Warning signs shall be easily discernible from of a fire apparatus access road,it shall be constructed and main- the outside of the building. Door and window openings on such tained in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See shaftways from the interior of the building shall be similarly Article 90,Standard a.1.1.The bridge shall be designed for a live marked with the word SHAFTWAY in a manner which is easily load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. visible to anyone approaching the shaftway from the interior of the Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges building,unless the construction of the partition surrounding the when required by the chief. shaftway is of such distinctive nature as to make its purpose evi- dent at a glance. 902.2.2.6 Grade. The gradient for a fire apparatus access road shall not exceed the maximum approved. 902.4 Key Boxes. When access to or within a structure or an area is unduly difficult because of secured openings or where immedi- 902.2.3 Marking. See Section 901.4. ate access is necessary for life-saving or firefighting purposes,the chief is authorized to require a key box to be installed in an acces- sible location.The key box shall be of an approved type and shall 902.2.4.1 General. The required width of a fire apparatus access contain keys to gain necessary access as required by the chief. road shall not be obstructed in any manner,including parking of vehicles. Minimum required widths and clearances established SECTION 903—WATER SUPPLIES AND FIRE under Section 902.2.2.1 shall be maintained at all times. HYDRANTS Entrances to roads,trails or other accessways which have been 903.1 General. Water supplies and fire hydrants shall be in ac- closed with gates and barriers in accordance with Section cordance with Sections 901 and 903. 902.2.4.2 shall not be obstructed by parked vehicles. 903.2 Required Water Supply for Fire Protection. An ap- 902.2.4.2 Closure of accessways. The chief is authorized to re- proved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow quire the installation and maintenance of gates or other approved for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which fa- barricades across roads,trails or other accessways,not including cilities, buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter public streets,alleys or highways. constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction. When any When required,gates and barricades shall be secured in an ap- portion of the facility or building protected is in excess of 150 feet proved manner. Roads, trails and other accessways which have (45 720 mm)from a water supply on a public street,as measured been closed and obstructed in the manner prescribed by Section by an approved route around the exterior of the facility or building, 902.2.4.2 shall not be trespassed upon or used unless authorized on-site fire hydrants and mains capable of supplying the required by the owner and the chief. fire flow shall be provided when required by the chief. See Sec- tion 903.4. EXCEPTION:Public officers acting within their scope of duty. Locks,gates,doors,barricades,chains,enclosures,signs,tags 903.3 Type of Water Supply. Water supply is allowed to consist or seals which have been installed by the fire department or by its of reservoirs,pressure tanks,elevated tanks,water mains or other order or under its control shall not be removed, unlocked, de- fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow.In set- stroyed,tampered with or otherwise molested in any manner. ting the requirements for fire flow,the chief may be guided by Ap- EXCEPTION: When authorized by the chief or performed by pendix III-A. public officers acting within their scope of duty. 903.4 Fire Hydrant Systems. 902.3 Access to Building Openings. 903.4.1 General. 902.3.1 Required access. Exterior doors and openings required 903.4.1.1 Applicability. Fire hydrant systems and fire hydrants by this code or the Building Code shall be maintained readily ac- shall be in accordance with Section 903.4. cessible for emergency access by the fire department. 903.4.1.2 Testing and maintenance. Fire hydrant systems shall An approved access walkway leading from fire apparatus ac- be subject to such periodic tests as required by the chief.Fire hy- cess roads to exterior openings required by this code or the Build- drant systems shall be maintained in an operative condition at all ing Code shall be provided when required by the chief. times and shall be repaired where defective.Additions,repairs,al- 902.3.2 Maintenance of exterior doors and openings. Exteri- terations and servicing shall be in accordance with approved stan- or doors or their function shall not be eliminated without prior ap- dards. proval by the chief. Exterior doors which have been rendered 903.4.1.3 Tampering and obstruction. See Sections 1001.6 nonfunctional and which retain a functional door exterior appear- and 1001.7. 1-30 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 903.4.2 903.4.4 903.4.2 Required installations. The location,number and type 903.4.3 Protection, marking and obstruction of hydrants. of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of delivering Fire hydrants subject to possible vehicular damage shall be ade- the required fire flow shall he provided on the public street or on quately protected with guard posts in accordance with Section the site of the premises or both to be protected as required and ap- 8001.11.3.For marking,see Section 901.4.3.For obstruction,see proved. See Appendix III-B. Section 1001.7. Fire hydrants shall be accessible to the fire department appara- 903.4.4 Maintenance and use of hydrants. See Sections tus by roads meeting the requirements of Section 902.2. 1001.5 and 1001.6.2. 1-31 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 10— FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT SECTION 1001 —GENERAL Fire-protection or fire-extinguishing systems coverage and spacing shall be maintained according to original installation 1001.1 Scope. Fire-protection systems and equipment shall be standards. Such systems shall be extended,altered or augmented in accordance with Article 10. See also Appendix II-C. as necessary to maintain and continue protection whenever any building so equipped is altered,remodeled or added to.Additions, Fire-protection equipment and systems shall be installed and maintained in buildings under construction in accordance with repairs,alterations and servicing shall be in accordance with rec- Article 87. ognized standards. 1001.5.1.1[For SFM]. A fire alarm system and its devices shall AL 1001.2 Definitions. For definitions of ALARM CONTROL CL UNIT, ALARM-INITIATING DEVICE, ALARM SIGNAL, be under the supervision of a qualified person as defined in NFPA cL ALARM-SIGNALING DEVICE,ALARM SYSTEM,ALARM 72, as amended in Article 91, who shall cause proper tests to be cL ZONE,ANNUNCIATOR,AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISH- made and shall have general charge of the system. Fire alarm sys- AL C L ING SYSTEM,FACILITY,FIRE DEPARTMENT INLET CON- tem control equipment and the devices connected to the control A{ NECTION, SMOKE DETECTOR and STANDPIPE SYSTEM, equipment shall be tested in accordance with the appropriate A{ standards in the California Building Code and the manufacturer's CL A see Article 2. instructions. CL A- The following California section replaces the corresponding EXCEPTION: Household fire—warning systems CL L C model code section for application specified by law for the Office installed in Group R,Division 3 Occupancies may be tested CL L C of the State Fire Marshal. by the owner. CL 1001.2.1 Definitions. [For SFM]For definitions used in the ap- 1001.5.1.2[For SFMJ A satisfactory agreement for periodic test- plication of fire alarm systems, see the appropriate standard ing and maintenance of fire alarm systems and extinguising sys- adopted in Chapter 35 of the California Building Code. tems shall be provided by qualified persons. 1001.3 Plans. Complete plans and specifications for fire alarm EXCEPTION: Household fire—warning systems systems; fire-extinguishing systems, including automatic sprin- installed in Group R, Division 3 Occupancies, when ap- klers standpipe systems; clean agent systems and other special proved by the authority having jusisdiction. types of automatic fire-extinguishing systems; and other fire- 1001.5.2 Inspection and testing. The chief is authorized to re- protection systems and appurtenances thereto shall be submitted quire periodic inspection and testing for fire sprinkler systems, to the fire department for review and approval prior to system fire hydrant systems,standpipe systems,fire alarm systems,por- installation.Plans and specifications for fire alarm systems shall table fire extinguishers, smoke and heat ventilators, smoke-re- include,but not be limited to,a floor plan;location of all alarm- moval systems and other fire-protection or fire-extinguishing initiating and alarm-signaling devices;alarm control-and trouble- systems or appliances. signaling equipment; annunciation; power connection; battery Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and calculations;conductor type and sizes;voltage drop calculations; tested at least annually. See Appendix III-C. Fire alarm systems and manufacturer,model numbers and listing information for all shall be inspected and tested at least at frequencies specified in L A equipment,devices and materials,and State Fire Marshal listing [For SFMJ NFPA 72 as amended in Article 91. Standpipe systems C L LC number of all equipment, devices and materials requiring listing. shall be inspected and tested at least every five years. n L 1001.4 Installation Acceptance Testing. Fire alarm systems; EXCEPTIONS:1.Automatic fire-extinguishing equipment asso- fire hydrant systems;fire-extinguishing systems,standpipes,and ciated with commercial cooking operations when in compliance with other fire-protection systems and appurtenances thereto shall Section 1005. meet the approval of the fire department as to installation and loca- 2. Systems in high-rise buildings when in compliance with Sec- tion and shall be subject to such acceptance tests as required by the tion 1001.5.4. chief. Reports of inspections and tests shall be maintained on the Condition of acceptance of halon and clean agent systems shall premises and made available to the chief when requested. be satisfactory passage of a test conducted in accordance with na- 1001.5.3 Systems out of service. The chief shall be notified tionally recognized standards prior to final acceptance of the sys- when any required fire-protection system is out of service and on tem. restoration of service. C c Fire alarm and detection systems shall be tested in accordance 1001.5.3.1 Problematic systems and systems out of service. In c with[For SFMJ NFPA 72 as amended in Article 91 and California the event of a failure of a fire-protection system or an excessive Code of Regulations Title 19. number of accidental activations,the chief is authorized to require i See Section 9003,Standard n2.8,n2,9,n2.10,n2.11,n2.12. the building owner or occupant to provide fire watch personnel until the system is repaired. 1001.5 Maintenance,Inspection,Testing and Systems Out of Such individuals shall be provided with at least one approved Service. means for notification of the fire department and their only duty shall be to perform constant patrols of the protected premises and 1001.5.1 Maintenance. Fire sprinkler systems,fire hydrant sys- keep watch for fires. tems, standpipe systems,fire alarm systems,portable fire extin- guishers, smoke and heat ventilators, smoke-removal systems, 1001.5.4 Systems in high-rise buildings. The owner of a high- and other fire protective or extinguishing systems or appliances rise building shall be responsible for assuring that the fire- and shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times,and shall life-safety systems required by the Building Code are maintained be replaced or repaired where defective. in an operable condition at all times.Unless otherwise required by 1-33 1001.5.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1001.7.2 the chief,quarterly tests of such systems shall be conducted by ap- 1001.9 Special Hazards. For occupancies of an especially haz- proved persons.A written record shall be maintained and shall be ardous nature or where special hazards exist in addition to the nor- made available to the inspection authority. mal hazard of the occupancy,or where access for fire apparatus is unduly difficult,the chief is authorized to require additional safe- 1001.5.5 Smoke-control systems. Mechanical smoke-control guards consisting of additional fire appliance units,more than one systems,such as those in high-rise buildings,buildings containing type of appliance,or special systems suitable for the protection of atria,covered mall buildings and mechanical ventilation systems the hazard involved.Such devices or appliances can consist of au- utilized in smokeproof enclosures and for smoke-removal sys- tomatic fire alarm systems,automatic sprinkler or water spray sys- tems utilized in high-piled combustible storage occupancies,shall tems, standpipe and hose, fixed or portable fire extinguishers, be maintained in an operable condition at all times. Unless other- suitable fire blankets, breathing apparatus, manual or automatic wise required by the chief,quarterly tests of such systems shall be covers,carbon dioxide,foam,halogenated or dry chemical or oth- conducted by approved persons.A written record shall be main- er special fire-extinguishing systems. Where such systems are tained and shall be made available to the inspection authority. provided,they shall be designed and installed in accordance with 1001.E Tampering with Fire-protection Equipment, Barri- the applicable SFM Adopted Standards. See Article[For SFM] C L See Article 91 and Section 101.3. A L ers,Security Devices,Signs and Seals. 1001.10 Fire Appliances. The chief is authorized to designate 1001.6.1 Fire department property. Apparatus, equipment the type and number of fire appliances to be installed and main- and appurtenances belonging to or under the supervision and con- tained in and upon all buildings and premises in the jurisdiction trol of the fire department shall not be molested,tampered with, other than private dwellings. This designation shall be based on damaged or otherwise disturbed unless authorized by the chief. the relative severity of probable fire,including the rapidity with which it could spread.Such appliances shall be of a type suitable 1001.6.2 Fire hydrants and fire appliances. Fire hydrants and for the probable class of fire associated with such building or fire appliances required by this code to be installed or maintained premises and shall have approval of the chief. B shall not be removed,tampered with or otherwise disturbed except B for the purpose of extinguishing fire,training,recharging or mak- SECTION 1002—PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS B ing necessary repairs, or when allowed by the fire department. B When a fire appliance is removed as herein allowed,it shall be re- 1002.1 General. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in B placed or reinstalled as soon as the purpose for which it was re- occupancies and locations as set forth in this code, California B moved has been accomplished. Code of Regulations Title 19,Division 1,and Chapters I and 3 and B e L as required by the authority having jurisdiction. BAL 1001.6.3 Barriers, security devices, signs and seals. Locks, B gates, doors, barricades, chains, enclosures, signs,tags or seals Portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with [For B which have been installed by the SFMJ the California Code of Regulations Title 19, Division 1, B C L fire department or by its order or B A L under its control shall not be removed,unlocked,destroyed,tam- Chapter 3, Fire Extinguishers. B c L pered with or otherwise molested in any manner.See also Sections 1002.2 Prohibited Types. Vaporizing liquid extinguishers con- B 103.4.3.3 and 902.2.4.2. taining carbon tetrachloride or chlorobromomethane shall not be B EXCEPTION:When authorized by the chief or performed by pub- installed or used in any location for fire-protection use. B lit officers acting within their scope of duty. Soda-acid,foam,loaded stream,antifreeze and water fire extin- B 1001.6.4 Fire alarms. See Sections 1006.1.2 and 1302. guishers of the inverting types shall not be recharged or placed in B service for fire-protection use. B 1001.7 Obstruction and Impairment of Fire Hydrants and 1002.3 Sale of Defective Fire Extinguishers. Forms,types or B Fire-protection Equipment. kinds of fire extinguishers which are not approved or which are B 1001.7.1 General. Posts, fences, vehicles, growth, trash, stor- not in proper working order,or the contents of which do not meet B the requirements of this code,shall not be sold or traded. B age and other materials or things shall not be placed or kept near B fire hydrants,fire department inlet connections or fire-protection EXCEPTION: The sale or trade of fire extinguishers to a person B B system control valves in a manner that would prevent such equip- engaged in the business of selling or handling such extinguishers,and B the sale or exchange of obsolete or damaged equipment for junk. B ment or fire hydrants from being immediately discernible. The a fire department shall not be deterred or hindered from gaining im- B mediate access to fire-protection equipment or hydrants. SECTION 1003—FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS B 1001.7.2 Clear space around hydrants. A 3-foot (914.4 mm) 1003.1 Installation Requirements. I clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of fire 1003.1.1 General. Fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed B hydrants except as otherwise required or approved. in accordance with the Building Code and Section 1003. B 1001.7.3 Fire-extinguishing equipment. Class H standpipe Fire hose threads used in connection with fire extinguishing B systems shall be national standard hose thread or as approved. B hose stations,Class I and Class III standpipe outlets,and portable B fire extinguishers shall not be concealed,obstructed or impaired. The location of fire department hose connections shall be ap- B proved. B 1001.7.4 Fire alarm equipment. Alarm-initiating devices, B In buildings used for high-piled combustible storage, fire B A L e alarm[For SFMJ notification appliances and annunciators shall protection shall be in accordance with Article S 1. B L A not be concealed,obstructed or impaired. B 1003.1.2 Standards. Fire-extinguishing systems shall comply B 1001.8 Marking of Fire-protection Equipment and Fire Hy- with the Building Code. (See UBC Standard 9-1.) B drants. Fire-protection equipment and fire hydrants shall be EXCEPTIONS: 1.Automatic fire-extinguishing systems not cov- B clearly identified in an approved manner to prevent obstruction by ered by the Building Code shall be approved and installed in actor- B parking and other obstructions. See also Section 901.4.3. dance with approved standards. B 1-34 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1001.7.2 1003.2.4.1 B 2.Automatic sprinkler systems may be connected to the domestic cluded unless separated by at least a one-hour occupancy separa- Bwater-supply main when approved by the building official,provided tion. B the domestic water supply is of adequate pressure,capacity and sizing B for the combined domestic and sprinkler requirements.In such case, 1003.2.3.2 Basements. An automatic sprinkler system shall be B BB the sprinkler system connection shall be made between the public wa- installed in basements classified as a Group A Occupancy when B ter main or meter and the building shutoff valve,and there shall not be the basement is larger than 1,500 square feet (139 m2) in floor B intervening valves or connections. The fire department connection Bmay be omitted when approved. area. B 3.Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R Occupancies four stories 1003.2.3.3 Exhibition and display rooms. An automatic sprin- or less may be in accordance with the Building Code requirements for B kler system shall be installed in Group A Occupancies which have BB residential sprinkler systems.(See UBC Standard 9-3.) more than 12,000 square feet(1114.8 m2)of floor area which can B 1003.2 Required Installations, be used for exhibition or display purposes. B B 1003.2.1 General. An automatic fire-extinguishing system 1003.2.3.4 Stairs. An automatic sprinkler system shall be B shall be installed in the occupancies and locations as set forth in installed in enclosed usable space below or over a stairway in B Section 1003.2. Group A,Divisions 2,2.1,3 and 4 Occupancies. B B For provisions on special hazards and hazardous materials,see 1003.2.3.5 Multitheater complexes. An automatic sprinkler B Section 1001.9 and Articles 79,80 and 81. system shall be installed in every building containing a multithe- B1003.2.2 All occupancies except Group R, Division 3 and ater complex. B Group U Occupancies. Except for Group R, Division 3 and 1003.2.3.6 Amusement buildings. An automatic sprinkler sys- B Group U Occupancies, an automatic sprinkler system shall be tern shall be installed in all amusement buildings.The main water- Binstalled: flow switch shall be electrically supervised. The sprinkler main B 1. In every story or basement of all buildings when the floor cutoff valve shall be supervised.When the amusement building is B area exceeds 1,500 square feet (139.4 m2) and there is not pro- temporary, the sprinkler water-supply system may be of an ap- B vided at least 20 square feet(1.86 m2)of opening entirely above proved temporary type. B the adjoining ground level in each 50 lineal feet(15 240 mm)or EXCEPTION: An automatic sprinkler system need not be B fraction thereof of exterior wall in the story or basement on at least provided when the floor area of a temporary amusement build- B one side of the building.Openings shall have a minimum dimen- ing is less than 1,000 square feet(92.9 m2)and the exit travel B sion of not less than 30 inches(762 mm).Such openings shall be distance from any point is less than 50 feet(15 240 mm). B accessible to the fire department from the exterior and shall not be B obstructed in a manner that firefighting or rescue cannot be ac- 1003.2.3.7 Stages. All stages shall be sprinklered. Such sprin- g complished from the exterior. klers shall be provided throughout the stage and in dressing B rooms,workshops,storerooms and other accessory spaces contig- B When openings in a story are provided on only one side and the uous to such stages. B opposite wall of such story is more than 75 feet(22 860 nun)from a such openings,the story shall be provided with an approved auto- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Sprinklers are not required for stages 1,000 B matic sprinkler system, or openings as specified above shall be square feet(92.9 m2)or less in area and 50 feet(15 240 mm)or less in Bprovided on at least two sides of an exterior wall of the story. height where curtains,scenery or other combustible hangings are not B retractable vertically.Combustible hangings shall be limited to a single B If any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet(22 860 main curtain,borders,legs and a single backdrop. Bmin) from openings required in Section 1003.2.2, the basement 2. Under stage areas less than 4 feet(1219 mm) in clear B shall be provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system. height used exclusively for chair or table storage and lined on B 2. At the top of rubbish and linen chutes and in their terminal the inside with 5/8-inch(16 mm)Type X gypsum wallboard or B rooms. Chutes extending through three or more floors shall have an approved equal. B additional sprinkler heads installed within such chutes at alternate 1003.2.3.8 Smoke-protected assembly seating. All areas en- S floors. Sprinkler heads shall be accessible for servicing. closed with walls and ceilings in buildings or structures contain- B 3. In rooms where nitrate film is stored or handled.See also Ar- ticle 33. approved automatic sprinkler system. B 4. In protected combustible fiber storage vaults as defined in EXCEPTION:Press boxes and storage facilities less than 1,000 B square feet(92.9 m )in area and in conjunction with outdoor seating B Article 2. See also Article 28. B facilities where all means of egress in the seating area are essentially B 5. Throughout all buildings with a floor level with an occupant open to the outside. B load of 30 or more that is located 55 feet(16 764 mm)or more 1003.2.4 Group E Occupancies. B above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. B EXCEPTION:1. Airport control towers. 1003.2.4.1 General. An automatic fire sprinkler system shall be B installed throughout all buildings containing a Group E,Division B 2. Open parking structures. 1 Occupancy. B 3. Group F,Division 2 Occupancies. B EXCEPTIONS: 1. When each room used for instruction has at B B1003.2.3 Group A Occupancies. least one exterior exit door at ground level and when rooms used for B assembly purposes have at least one half of the required exits directly B 1003.2.3.1 Drinking establishments. An automatic sprinkler to the exterior ground level,a sprinkler system need not be provided. B system shall be installed in rooms used by the occupants for the 2. When area separation walls, or occupancy separations B consumption of alcoholic beverages and unseparated accessory having a fire-resistive rating of not less than two hours subdi- B uses where the total area of such unseparated rooms and assembly vide the building into separate compartments such that each B uses exceeds 5,000 square feet(465 m2).For uses to be considered compartment contains an aggregate floor area not greater than Bas separated,the separation shall not be less than as required for a 20,000 square feet(1858 m2),an automatic sprinkler system B one-hour occupancy separation.The area of other uses shall be in- need not be provided. 1-35 1003.2.4.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1003.3.1 1003.2.4.2 Basements. An automatic sprinkler system shall be height or having an occupant load of I l or more,and every hotel installed in basements classified as Group E,Division 1 Occupan- three or more stories in height or containing 6 or more guest cies. rooms.Residential or quick-response standard sprinklers shall be 1003.2.4.3 Stairs. An automatic fire sprinkler system shall be used in the dwelling units and guest room portions of the building. [For SFMJ The requirements of this subsection shall not mandate C L installed in enclosed usable space below or over a stairway in the retroactive installation of an automatic sprinkler system to an A L Group E,Division 1 Occupancies. existing RI occupancy. A� 1003.2.5 Group F Occupancies. C L I003.2.I0 Sound stages and solid—ceiling sets and platforms. An A-. 1003.2.5.1 Woodworking occupancies. An automatic fire automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in all permanent A{ sprinkler system shall be installed in Group F woodworking occu- sound stages and in all interior solid—ceiling sets over 6000 A{ pancies over 2,500 square feet(232.3 m2)in area that use equip- square feet(55.7 m2)in area and under platforms over 600 square A- LC machinery or appliances which generate finely divided feet(55.7 m2)in area which exceed 3 feet(914 mm)in height. AL combustible waste or which use finely divided combustible mate- EXCEPTIONS: 1. When heat detectors are installed A-L rials. beneath solid—ceiling sets over 600 square feet(55.7 m2)in A-L 1003.2.E Group H Occupancies. area and under platforms(when provided)over 600 square A.L feet (55.7 m2) in area which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in A-L 1003.2.6.1 General. An automatic fire-extinguishing system height. C L shall be installed in Group H,Divisions 1,2,3 and 7 Occupancies. The detectors shall be spaced 30 feet(9144 mm)on cen- c L 1003.2.6.2 Group H, Division 4 Occupancies. An automatic ter or as required by the manufacturer's installation in- A.L fire-extinguishing system shall be installed in Group H,Division 4 structions. The detectors shall be connected to an approved cL Occupancies having a floor area of more than 3,000 square feet and listed central proprietary or remote station service or C L (279 m2). a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a AL constantly attended location. Such system shall be installed C L 1003.2.6.3 Group H, Semiconductor Fabrication Facili- in accordance with Article 10. C L ties. An automatic fire-extinguishing system shall be installed 2. Sets with solid--ceilings over 600 square feet(55.7 m2) AL throughout buildings containing semiconductor fabrication facili- in area designed to allow the ceiling to be positioned to al- ties classified as Group H,Division 6 Occupancies.The design of cL low for the operation of the automatic fire sprinkler system A L the sprinkler system shall not be less than that required under the after filming has been completed for the day. C L occupancy hazard classifications as follows: 1003.3 Sprinkler System Monitoring and Alarms. LOCATION OCCUPANCY CLASSIF CATIONRD 1003.3.1 Where required. All valves controlling the water sup- Fabrication areas Ordinary Hazard Group 2 ply for automatic sprinkler systems and water-flow switches on all Service corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2 sprinkler systems shall be electrically monitored for integrity Storage rooms without dispensing Ordinary Hazard Group 2 where the number of sprinklers is: Storage rooms with dispensing Extra Hazard Group 2 1. Twenty or more in Group I,Divisions 1.1 and 1.2 Occupan- Corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 21 cies. 1 When the design area of the sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected 2. One hundred or more in all other occupancies. by one row of sprinklers,the maximum number of sprinklers that needs to be calculated is 13. Valve monitoring and water-flow alarm and trouble signals shall be distinctly different and shall be automatically transmitted to an approved central station,remote station or proprietary moni- 1003.2.7 Group I Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system toring station as defined by[For SFMJ NFPA 72 as amended in shall be installed in Group I Occupancies.In Group I,Division 1.1 Article 91 or,when approved shall sound an audible signal at a and Group I,Division 2 Occupancies,approved quick-response or constantly attended location. A� residential sprinklers shall be installed throughout patient sleep- ing areas. EXCEPTION:Underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes provided by the municipality or public utility need not EXCEPTION: In jails,prisons and reformatories,the pip- be monitored. ing system may be dry,provided a manually operated valve is installed at a continuously monitored location.Opening of the 1003.3.2 Alarms. An approved audible sprinkler flow alarm valve will cause the piping system to be charged. Sprinkler shall be provided on the exterior of the building in an approved heads in such systems shall be equipped with fusible elements location.A single approved audible sprinkler flow alarm shall be or the system shall be designed as required for deluge systems provided in the interior of the building in a normally occupied in the Fire Code(See Section 9003,Standard n.2.9). location. Actuation of the alarm shall be as set forth in the Fire 1003.2.8 Group M Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler sys- Code(See Section 9003,Standard n.2.9). tem shall be installed in rooms classed as Group M Occupancies EXCEPTION: The separate interior alarm is not required where the floor area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1114.8 m2)on when the sprinkler water flow switch activates the building fire any floor or 24,000 square feet (2229.6 m2) on all floors or in alarm system notification appliances. Group M Occupancies more than three stories in height.The area 1003.4 Permissible Sprinkler Omissions. Subject to the ap- of mezzanines shall be included in determining the areas where proval of the building official and with the concurrence of the sprinklers are required. chief,sprinklers may be omitted in rooms or areas as follows: 1003.2.9 Group R, Division 1 Occupancies. An automatic I. When sprinklers are considered undesirable because of the sprinkler system shall be installed throughout every apartment nature of the contents or in rooms or areas which are of noncom- house three or more stories in height or containing 5 or more bustible construction with wholly noncombustible contents and dwelling units,every congregate residence three or more stories in which are not exposed by other areas. Sprinklers shall not be 1-36 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1003.3.1 1005.1 omitted from any room merely because it is damp,of fire-resistive cated within an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure construction or contains electrical equipment. need not be enclosed within fire-resistive construction. 2. Sprinklers shall not be installed when the application of wa- There shall be at least one outlet above the roof line when the ter or flame and water to the contents may constitute a serious life roof has a slope of less than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal or fire hazard,as in the manufacture or storage of quantities of alu- (33.3%slope). minum powder,calcium carbide,calcium phosphide,metallic so- In buildings where more than one standpipe is provided, the dium and potassium,quicklime,magnesium powder and sodium standpipes shall be interconnected at the bottom. peroxide. 3. Safe deposit or other vaults of fire-resistive construction, 1004.4 Location of Class II Standpipe Hose Connec- when used for r the storage of records,files and other documents, tions. Class II standpipe outlets shall be accessible and shall be when stored metal cabinets. located so that all portions of the building are within 30 feet(9144 mm)of a nozzle attached to 100 feet(30 480 mm)of hose. 4. Communication equipment areas under the exclusive con- In Group A, Divisions 1 and 2.1 Occupancies with occupant trol of a public communication utility agency,provided: loads of more than 1,000,outlets shall be located on each side of 4.1 The equipment areas are separated from the remain- any stage,on each side of the rear of the auditorium and on each der of the building by one-hour fire-resistive occu- side of the balcony. pancy separation;and Fire-resistant protection of risers and laterals of Class II stand- 4.2 Such areas are used exclusively for such equipment; pipe systems is not required. and 1004.5 Location of Class III Standpipe Hose Connec- 4.3 An approved automatic smoke-detection system is tions. Class III standpipe systems shall have outlets located as re- installed in such areas and is supervised by an ap- quired for Class I standpipes in Section 1004.3 and shall have proved central,proprietary or remote station service Class II outlets as required in Section 1004.4. or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a Risers and laterals of Class III standpipe systems shall be pro- constantly attended location;and tected as required for Class I systems. 4.4 Other approved fire-protection equipment such as EXCEPTIONS: 1.In buildings equipped with an approved auto- matic sprinkler system,risers and laterals which are not located within portable fire extinguishers or Class II standpipes are an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure need not be enclosed installed in such areas. within fire-resistive construction. 5. Other approved automatic fire-extinguishing systems may 2.Laterals for Class II outlets on Class III systems need not be installed to protect special hazards or occupancies in lieu of au- be protected. tomatic sprinklers. In buildings where more than one Class III standpipe is pro- vided,the standpipes shall be interconnected at the bottom. SECTION 1004—STANDPIPES 1004.1 Installation Requirements. SECTION 1005—PROTECTION OF COMMERCIAL COOKING OPERATIONS ' 1004.1.1 General. Standpipe systems shall be installed in ac- 1005.1 Ventilating Hood and Duct Systems. A ventilating cordance with Section 1004(See Section 9003,Standard n2.12). hood and duct system shall be provided in accordance with the Fire hose threads used in connection with fire-extinguishing Mechanical Code for commercial-type food heat-processing systems shall be national standard hose thread or as approved. equipment that produces grease-laden vapors. The location of fire department hose connections shall be ap- 1005.2 Fire-extinguishing System. proved. In buildings used for high-piled combustible storage, fire 1005.2.1 Where required. Approved automatic fire-extin- protection shall be in accordance with Article 81. guishing systems shall be provided for the protection of commer- cial-type cooking equipment. 1004.1.2 Standards. Standpipe systems shall comply with the EXCEPTION: The requirement for protection does not include Fire Code. (See Section 9003, Standard n2.12). steam kettles and steam tables or equipment which as used does not 1004.2 Required Installations. Standpipe systems shall be pro- create grease-laden vapors. vided as set forth in Table 1004-A. 1005.2.2 Type of system. Protection of new commercial—type cooking equipment shall be by means of an automatic fire—extin- 1004.3 Location of Class I Standpipe Hose Connec- guishing system complying with UL 300 that is listed and labeled tions. There shall be a Class I standpipe outlet connection at ev- for its intended use. ery floor-level landing of every required stairway above or below Systems shall be installed in accordance with the Mechanical grade and on each side of the wall adjacent to the exit opening of a Code,their listing and the manufacturer's instruction.Other sys- horizontal exit.Outlets at stairways shall be located within the exit tems shall be of an approved design and shall be of one of the fol- enclosure or,in the case of pressurized enclosures,within the ves- lowing types: tibule or exterior balcony,giving access to the stairway. Risers and laterals of Class I standpipe systems not located 1. Automatic sprinkler system. within an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure shall be pro- 2. Dry-chemical extinguishing system. tected by a degree of fire resistance equal to that required for verti- 3. Carbon dioxide extinguishing system. cal enclosures in the building in which they are located. EXCEPTION: In buildings equipped with an approved 4 Wet-chemical extinguishing system. automatic sprinkler system,risers and laterals which are not lo- 1005.2.3 Extent of protection. 1-37 1005.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1006.2.1 1005.2.3.1 General. The automatic fire-extinguishing system If grease extractors are installed, they shall be operated when used to protect ventilating hoods and ducts and cooking ap- the commercial-type cooking equipment is used. pliances shall be installed to include cooking surfaces, deep fat Hoods,grease-removal devices,fans,ducts and other appurte- fryers, griddles, upright broilers, charbroilers, range tops and nances shall be cleaned at intervals necessary to prevent the accu- grills. Protection shall also be provided for the enclosed plenum mulation of grease.Cleanings shall be recorded,and records shall space within the hood above filters and exhaust ducts serving the state the extent,time and date of cleaning. Such records shall be hood. maintained on the premises. 1005.2.3.2 Carbon dioxide systems. When carbon dioxide sys- Extinguishing systems shall be serviced at least every six tems are used,there shall be a nozzle at the top of the ventilating months or after activation of the system. Inspection shall be by duct. Additional nozzles that are symmetrically arranged to give qualified individuals,and a Certificate of Inspection shall be for- uniform distribution shall be installed within vertical ducts ex- warded to the chief upon completion. ceeding 20 feet (6096 mm) and horizontal ducts exceeding Fusible links and automatic sprinkler heads shall be replaced at 50 feet(15 240 mm).Dampers shall be installed at either the top or least annually,and other protection devices shall be serviced or re- the bottom of the duct and shall be arranged to operate automati- placed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. cally upon activation of the fire-extinguishing system.When the damper is installed at the top of the duct,the top nozzle shall be EXCEPTION: Frangible bulbs need not he replaced annually. immediately below the damper. Carbon dioxide automatic fire- extinguishing systems shall be sufficiently sized to protect all haz- SECTION 1006—FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS ards venting through a common duct simultaneously. 1006.1 General. 1005.2.4 Automatic power,fuel and ventilation shutoff. 1006.1.1 Applicability. Installation and maintenance of fire 1005.2.4.1 General. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems alarm systems shall be in accordance with Section 1006. shall be interconnected to the fuel or current supply for cooking 1006.1.2 Problematic systems and systems out of service. See equipment.The interconnection shall be arranged to automatical- Section 1001.5.3. ly shut off all cooking equipment and electrical receptacles which are located under the hood when the system is actuated. 1006.2 Required Installations. Shutoff valves or switches shall be of a type that require manual 1006.2.1 General. operation to reset. 1006.2.1.1 When required. An approved manual,automatic or 1005.2.4.2 Carbon dioxide systems. Commercial-type cook- manual and automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in ac- ing equipment protected by an automatic carbon dioxide extin- cordance with Section 1006.2. guishing system shall be arranged to shut off the ventilation 1006.2.1.2 Use of area separation walls to define separate lo- system upon activation. cal buildings. For the purposes of Section 1006,area separation 1005.2.5 Special provisions for automatic sprinkler sys- walls shall not define separate buildings. tems. Commercial-type cooking equipment protected by auto- 1006.2.1.3 [For SFMJ Where smoke detection systems are re- a matic sprinkler systems shall be supplied from a separate,readily quired by other sections of this code, when approved by the au- c accessible indicating-type control valve that is identified. thority having jurisdiction, approved head detectors may be c provided in lieu of smoke detectors in rooms and areas such as fur- c Sprinklers used for the protection of fryers shall be listed for A- that application and installed in accordance with their listing. pace rooms, boiler rooms, closets, unusable space under floor, a bathrooms, attached garages, attics, kitchens, laundry rooms and 1005.2.E Manual system operation. A readily accessible in areas of similar use,where ambient conditions would cause ac- A- manual activation device installed at an approved location shall be tuation of, or prohibit the installation of smoke detectors. A provided for dry chemical,wet chemical and carbon dioxide sys- 1006.2.2 Group A Occupancies. tems.The activation device is allowed to be mechanically or elec- trically operated. If electrical power is used, the system shall be 1006.2.2.1 General. Group A,Divisions 1,2 and 2.1 Occupan- connected to a standby power system and a visual means shall be cies shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system in accor- provided to show that the extinguishing system is energized. In- dance with Section 1006.2.2. structions for operating the fire-extinguishing system shall be EXCEPTIONS: 1.Manual fire alarm boxes are not required when posted adjacent to manual activation devices. an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system is installed which will immediately activate the prerecorded announcement upon water 1005.2.7 Portable fire extinguishers. A fire extinguisher listed flow. and labeled for Class K fires shall be installed within 30 feet(9144 2. Group A Occupancy portions of Group E Occupancies are al- mm) of commercial food heat—processing equipment, as mea- lowed to have alarms as required for the Group E Occupancy. sured along an unobstructed path of travel, in accordance with See also Section 1006.2.12. [For SFM]California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, � Chapter 3. 1006.2.2.2 System initiation in Group A Occupancies with an occupancy load of 1,000 or more. Activation of the fire alarm in EXCEPTION:Approved extinguishers utilizing other extinguish- Group A Occupancies with an occupancy load of 1,000 or more ing agents that are compatible for use in the control of cooking grease shall immediately initiate an approved prerecorded message an- fires. nouncement using an approved voice communication system in 1005.2.8 Operations and maintenance. The ventilation sys- accordance with[For SFMJ NFPA 72 as amended in Article 91 c tem in connection with hoods shall be operated at the required rate that is audible above the ambient noise level of the occupancy. A of air movement, and classified grease filters shall be in place EXCEPTION:When approved,the prerecorded announcement is when equipment under a kitchen grease hood is used. allowed to be manually deactivated for a period of time,not to exceed 1-38 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1006.2.1 1006.2.7.1.2 three minutes,for the sole purpose of allowing a live voice announce- 1006.2.4.2 Smoke detectors. ment from an approved,constantly attended station. 1006.2.4.2.1 Increased travel distance. Smoke detectors shall 1006.2.2.3 Emergency power. Voice communication systems be installed when required by the Building Code for increases in shall be provided with an approved emergency power source. travel distance to exits. 1006.2.3 Group B Occupancies. See Section 1006.2.12. 1006.2.4.2.2 Travel through adjoining rooms. Smoke detec- L C 1006.2.13[For SFM]Group C Occupancies.Every building and tors shall be installed when required by the Building Code to allow L c structure used or intended for sleeping purposes shall be provided the only means of egress from a room to be through adjoining or L A- intervening rooms. L C with an automatic smoke—dector system. L A- EXCEPTION: Buildings and structures in existance and in opera- 1006.2.4.3 Exterior alarm-Signaling device. An alarm For L C tion prior to January 11, 1985. SFM] notification appliance shall be mounted on the exterior of L C the building. L A- 1006.2.14[For SFM]Automatic Smoke Detection system egress L A- control devices.Smoke detectors shall be installed in accordance 1006.2.5 Group F Occupancies. See Section 1006.2.12. L A_ with this section when required for use with special egress—control 1006.2.E Grou H Occu ancies. L A- devices. p p L c 1006.2.14.1[For SFM]In other than Group I Occupancies,for 1006.2.6.1 General. Group H Occupancies shall be provided L c single—story buildings smoke detectors shall be installed at cell With fire alarm systems in accordance with Section 1006.2.6. See L c ings throughout all occupied areas and mechanicaUelectrical also Section 1006.2.12. L c spaces. For multiple—story buildings smoke detectors shall be 1006.2.6.2 Organic coatings. Organic coating manufacturing L c installed throuhgout all occupied areas and mechanicallelectri- uses shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system. See Ar- L A- cal spaces for the story where special egress—control devices are ticle 50. L A- installed. Additional detectors are required on adjacent stories L A- where occupants of those stories utilize the same exit egress. L C ties. Semiconductor fabrication facilities classified as Group H L C 1006.2.14.2[For SFM]For Group I Occupancies,smoke detec- Occupancies shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system. Ln tors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied areas See Article 51. L A and mechanicaUelectrical spaces of smoke—compartments where 1006.2.6.4 Rooms used for storage,dispensing,use and han- L A special egress—control devices are installed.Additional detectors filing of hazardous materials. When required by Article 80, L C are required in adjacent smoke—compartments where occupants rooms or areas used for storage, dispensing, use or handling of L A of those compartments utilize the same exit egress. highly toxic compressed gases, liquid and solid oxidizers, and 1006.2.4 Group E Occupancies. Class I,II,III or IV organic peroxides shall be provided with an automatic smoke-detection system. 1006.2.4.1 General. Group E Occupancies shall be provided with fire alarm systems in accordance with Section 1006.2.4. 1006.2.7 Group I Occupancies. Group E,Division 1 Occupancies and Group E,Division 3 Occu- 1006.2.7.1 Divisions 1.1,1.2 and 2 Occupancies. pancies having an occupant load of 50 or more shall be provided with an approved manual fire alarm system. When automatic 1006.2.7.1.1 System requirements.Group I,Divisions 1.1, 1.2 sprinkler systems or smoke detectors provided in accordance with and 2 Occupancies shall be provided with an approved manual and Section 1006.2.4.2 are installed,such systems or detectors shall be automatic fire alarm system in accordance with Section connected to the building fire alarm system,and the building fire 1006.2.7.1.See also Section 1006.2.12. Smoke detectors shall be C L alarm system shall be both automatic and manual. See also Sec- provided in accordance with the Building Code as follows: AL tion 1006.2.12. 1. At automatic-closing doors in smoke barriers and one-hour 1006.2.4.1.1 [For SFM]When more than one fire alarm control fire-resistive occupancy separations. (See UBC Sections C L L C unit is used at the school campus, they shall be interconnected and 308.2.2.1 and 308.8). AL L shall operate all indicating devices. 2. In waiting areas which are open to corridors.(See UBC Sec- L A- tions 1007.5). A L LC EXCEPTION: Interconnection of fire alarm control L c units is not required when: 3. In patient sleeping rooms. (See California Building Code C L Ln- 1. Buildings that are separated a minimum of 20 feet Section 308.I0a.) AL L A (6096 mm)and in accordance with the California Building When actuated,alarm-initiating devices shall activate an alarm L A- Code, signal which is audible throughout the building. L A 2. There is a method of communication between each EXCEPTION: Visual alarm-signaling devices are allowed to sub- L A classroom and the school administrative office approved by stitute for audible devices in patient use areas. L C the fire authority having jurisdiction. 1006.2.7.1.2 Patient room smoke detectors. Smoke detectors 100E 2.4.1.2[For SFM]School Fire Alarms. Except as provided shall be installed in patient sleeping rooms of hospital and nursing in Section 1006.2.4.1, every building used for educational pur- homes.Actuation of such detectors shall cause a visual display on poses, regardless of occupancy classification, shall be provided the corridor side of the room in which the detector is located and with an approved fire alarm system. This provision shall apply to, shall cause an audible and visual alarm at the respective nurses' C L but shall not necessarily be limited to, every elementary school, station.[For SFM]Operation of the smoke detector shall not include AL A L high school, community college and university. any alarm verification feature. EXCEPTION: In rooms equipped with automatic door closers L A EXCEPTION: Privately owned trade or vocational having integral smoke detectors on the room side,the integral detector L C schools or any firm or company which provides educational may substitute for the room smoke detector,provided it performs the L A facilities and instructions for its employees. required alerting functions. 1-39 1006.2.7.1.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1006.2.9.1.6 1006.2.7.1.3 Existing Group I Occupancies. In projects requir- dences three or more stories in height or having an occupant load L C ing OSHPD approval,facilities not equipped with an automatic of 20 or more.See also Section 1006.2.12. A- sprinkler system throughout shall be equipped with an automatic EXCEPTIONS: 1. A manual fire alarm system need A-fire alarm system which responds to the products of combustion c not be provided in buildings not over two stories in height �_ other than heat. when all individual dwelling units and contiguous attic and c EXCEPTION: Heat detectors may be used in closets, crawl spaces are separated from each other and public or A- unusable space under floor areas, storage rooms, bath- common areas by at least one-hour fire-resistive occupancy A rooms, kitchens, laundry rooms and rooms of similar use. separations and each individual dwelling unit or guest room 1006.2.7.2 Division 3 Occupancies. has an exit directly to a public way,exit court or yard. 2. A separate fire alarm system need not be provided in 1006.2.7.2.1 General. Group I,Division 3 Occupancies shall be buildings which are protected throughout by an approved provided with a manual and automatic fire alarm system installed supervised fire sprinkler system conforming with the for alerting staff in accordance with Section 1006.2.7.2. See also Building Code and having a local alarm to notify all occu- Section 1006.2.12. pants. LC EXCEPTION. [For SFMJ:Heat detectors may be used 1006.2.9.1.1.1[For SFMJ Group R,Division 2.1 and 2.3 Occu- c �c in closets, unusable space under floor areas,storage rooms, A- L A pancies. Group R,Division 2.1 and 2.3 Occupancy shall be pro- C bathrooms and rooms of similar use. vided with an approved manual and automatic fire alarm system 1006.2.7.2.2 System initiation. Actuation of an automatic fire- in accordance with Section 1006.2.9 and the California Building A' extinguishing system, a manual fire alarm box or a fire detector Code. A shall initiate an approved fire alarm signal which automatically System smoke detectors shall be installed in exit corridors and notifies staff.Presignal systems shall not be used. common areas. Upon actuation, these smoke detectors shall acti- 1006.2.7.2.3 Manual fire alarm boxes. vate the fire alarm notification appliances throughout the build- 1. General. Manual fire alarm boxes need not be located in ing, including those located in guestrooms and dwelling units. accordance with Section 1006.3.3.1 when they are provided at Single—station smoke detectors shall be installed in guestrooms staff-attended locations having direct supervision over areas and dwelling units in accordance with the California Building where manual fire alarm boxes have been omitted. Code, Section 310.9. Upon actuation, these smoke detectors shall only annunciate within such guestroom and dwelling unit and 2. Locking of manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm shall not activate the fire alarm system notification appliances boxes are allowed to be locked in areas occupied by detainees, that are located throughout the building. provided that staff members are present within the subject area and have keys readily available to operate the manual fire alarm System smoke detectors and trouble conditions alarms shall be boxes. annunciated at a location that is constantly attended within the building. 1006.2.7.2.4 Smoke detection. An approved automatic smoke- EXCEPTION: Buildings housing nonambulatory cli- detection system shall be installed throughout resident housing ents on the first story only,and which are protected through- areas,including sleeping areas and contiguous day rooms,group out by the following: activity spaces and other common spaces normally accessible to 1. An approved and supervised automatic sprinkler sys residents. tem, as specified in the California Building Code, which EXCEPTION: Other approved smoke-detection arrangements upon activation will initiate the fire alarm system to notify providing equivalent protection,such as placing detectors in exhaust ducts from cells or behind protective grilles,are allowed when neces- all occupants. sary to prevent damage or tampering. 2. A manual fire alarm system in accordance with this 1006.2.7.2.5 Zoning and annunciation. Alarm and trouble sig- section and the California Building Code. nals shall be annunciated at an approved constantly attended loca- 1006.2.9.1.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm tion. Such signals shall indicate the zone of origin. boxes are not required for interior corridors having smoke detec- Separate zones shall be provided for individual fire-protection tors as specified in Section 1006.2.9.1.3. systems, buildings,floors,cell complexes and sections of floors 1006.2.9.1.3 Smoke detectors. Smoke detectors shall be pro- compartmented by smoke-stop partitions. vided in all common areas and interior corridors [For SFMJ of c 1006.2.7.2.6 Monitoring. The fire alarm system shall be moni- Group R,Division 1 occupancies with an occupant load of 10 or A tored by an approved central,proprietary or remote station service more. or by transmission of a local alarm which will give audible and 1006.2.9.1.4 Heat detectors. Heat detectors shall be provided visual signals at an approved constantly attended location. in all common areas such as recreational rooms,laundry rooms, furnace rooms, and similar areas [For SFMJ of Group R, Divi- 1006.2.8 Group M Occupancies. See Section ]006.2.12. sion 1. n- 1006.2.9 Group R Occupancies. n- 1006.2.9.1.5 Visual signaling devices. Guest rooms[For SFMJ C 1006.2.9.1 New Group R Occupancies. required by the California Building Code,Section 1111B.4.5,for c persons with hearing impairments, shall be provided with visual c 1006.2.9.1.1 General. Group R Occupancies shall be provided and audible fire alarm notification appliances, activated by both A' with fire alarm systems in accordance with Section 1006.2.9 and the in-room smoke alarm and the building fire alarm system. It is c the California Building Code.Group R,Division 1 Occupancies permitted to use separate appliances to meet this requirement. A shall be provided with a manual and automatic fire alarm system in apartment houses three or more stories in height or containing 1006.2.9.1.6 Single-station smoke alarms. Approved single— C L 16 or more dwelling units,in hotels three or more stories in height station smoke [For SFMJ alarms or multiple—station smoke c� or containing 20 or more guest rooms, and in congregate resi- alarms shall be installed in dwelling units,congregate residences AL 1-40 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1006.2.9.1.6 1006.2.12.2.2 c and hotel and lodging house guest rooms. JFor SFMJ and in sleep- provided with approved single-station smoke alarms. Installa- A ing rooms of Group R,Division 2.1.1,.2.2.1,2.3.1,and 6 Occupan- tion shall be in accordance with Section 1006.2.9.3.2. cies in accordance with the California Building Code. 1006.2.9.3.2 Installation. Approved single-station smoke[For c Single-station smoke alarms or multiple station smoke alarms SFMJ alarms shall be installed in existing dwelling units, congre- c A shall not be connected to a fire alarm system. See also Section gate residences, and hotel and lodging houseguest rooms. c" 1006.2.9.1.5. c 1006.2.9.3.3 Locations within existing Group R Occupancies. A- EXCEPTION: 1. Connection of such detectors for an- In dwelling units, [For SFMJ smoke alarms shall be mounted on A_ nunciation. the ceiling or wall at a point centrally located in the corridor or A- c 2. [For SFMJ A fire alarm system with smoke detectors area giving access to each separate sleeping area. Where sleep- A A- A- located in accordance with the California Building Code ing rooms are on an upper level, the detector shall be placed at the A A- A- may be installed in lieu of smoke alarms. Upon actuation center of the ceiling directly above the stairway. Smoke alarms A A- A- of the detector, only those notification appliances in the shall also be installed in the basement of dwelling units having a c A- stairway,which opens, m the basement into the dwellin In ho- A" dwelling unit or guest room where the detector is actuated Y. P g A A shall activate. tel, lodging house and congregate residence sleeping rooms, c smoke alarms shall be located on the ceiling or wall of each sleep- c 1006.2.9.2 Existing Group R Occupancies. ing room. A A 1006.2.9.2.1 [For SFMJ Group R,Division 2.1 and 2.3 Occu- 1006.2.10 Group S Occupancies. See Section 1006.2.12. c pancies. Group R,Division 2.1 and 2.3 Occupancies shall be pro- A 1006.2.11 Group U Occupancies. No requirements. c vided with a manual and automatic fire alarm system in A accordance with Section 1006.2.9 and the California Building 1006.2.12 Special uses and conditions. A Code. c 1006.2.12.1 Amusement buildings. B A System smoke detectors shall be installed in exit corridors and B c 1006.2.12.1.1 General. An approved smoke-detection system B A common areas. Upon actuation, these smoke dectors shall acti- B B A vate the fire alarm notification appliances throughout the building lion 1006.2.12.1. B A including those located in guestrooms and dwelling units. B C EXCEPTION: In areas where ambient conditions will cause a BB c Single-station smoke dectors shall be installed in guestrooms and smoke-detection system to alarm,an approved alternate type of auto- B c dwelling units in accordance with the California Building Code, matic detector shall be installed. B B A Section 310.9. Upon actuation these smoke dectors shall only an- 1006.2.12.1.2 Alarm system. Activation of any single smoke B A nunciate within such questroom and dwelling unit and shall not detector,the automatic sprinkler system or other automatic fire- B A activate the fire alarm system notification appliances that are lo- detection device shall immediately sound an alarm in the building B A cared throughout the building. at a constantly supervised location from which the manual opera- B A System smoke dectors and trouble conditions alarms shall be an tion of systems noted in Section 1006.2.12.1.3 can be initiated. B A nunciated at a location that is constantly attended withing the 1006.2.12.1.3 System response. The activation of two or more B A building. smoke detectors, a single smoke detector monitored by an alarm B A EXCEPTION: Buildings housing nonambulatory cli- verification zone, the automatic sprinkler system or other ap- B A ents on the first story only,and which are protected through proved fire-detection device shall automatically: B A out by the following: 1. Stop confusing sounds and other visual effects, B c A 1. An approved and supervised automatic sprinkler sys- 2. Activate approved directional exit marking,and B c em, as specified in the California Building Code, which B c r 3. Cause illumination of the means of egress with light of not B A upon activation will initiate the fire alarm system to notify B c less than 1 footcandle(10.8 lx)at the walking surface. B A all occupants. B c 2. A manual fire alarm system in accordance with this 1006.2.12.1.4 Public address system. The public address sys- B A section and the California Building Code. rem is also allowed to serve as an alarm. 1006.2.9.2.2 [For SFMJ Group R, Division 2.2 Occupancies. 1006.2.12.2 High-rise buildings. A_ Group R, Division 2.2 Occupancies shall be provided with an ap- 1006.2.12.2.1 General.Group B office buildings and Group R, A proved manual fire alarm system in accordance with Section Division 1 Occupancies,each having floors used for human occu- c 1006.2.9 and the California Building Code. pancy located more than 75 feet(22 860 mm) above the lowest A_ 1006.2.9.2.3 [For SFMJ Group R,Division 2.1.1.and 2.2.1 Oc- level of fire department vehicle access,shall be provided with an c cupancies. In addition to smoke alarms required by Section automatic fire alarm system and a communication system in ac- A- cordance with Section 1006.2.12.2. c 1006.2.9.1.6, Group R, Division 2.1.1 and 2.2.1 Occupancies c shall be provided with one manual pull station at a location ap- 1006.2.12.2.2 Automatic fire alarm system. Smoke detectors c proved by the authority having jurisdiction. Such pull station shall be provided in accordance with Section 1006.2.12.2.2. A' shall actuate a distinctive fire alarm signal,which shall be audible Smoke detectors shall be connected to an automatic fire alarm sys- c' throughout the facility. These devices need not be interconnected rem. The actuation of any detector required by Section to any other fire alarm device, electrically supervised or provided 1006.2.12.2.2 shall operate the emergency voice alarm-signaling A with emergency power system and shall place into operation all equipment necessary to prevent the recirculation of smoke. Smoke detectors shall be lo- 1006.2.9.3 Smoke Alarms in Existing Group R Occupancies. cated as follows: 1006.2.9.3.1 General. Existing Group R Occupancies not already 1. In every mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer, provided with single-station smoke [For SFMJ alarms shall be telephone equipment, elevator machine or similar room, and in 1-41 1006.2.12.2.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1006.3.3.3 B B B B B B elevator lobbies.Elevator lobby detectors shall be connected to an 1006.2.12.6 Corridors in office uses. When required by the B alarm verification zone or be listed as a releasing device; Building Code for corridors in lieu of one-hour corridor construc- B tion,smoke detectors shall be installed within office corridors in 2. Smoke detectors for the control of air conditioning and ven- accordance with their listing. The actuation of any detector shall 4 a and nd installed per systems shall LTFF C Standard ]0-2, and located as required by NFPA 90A,chapter activate alarms audible in all areas served by the corridor. , B 1006.2.12.7 Aerosol storage uses. When required by Article B 3. For Group R,Division 1 Occupancies,in all interior corn 88, aerosol storage rooms and general purpose warehouses con- 8 dors serving as a means of egress for an occupant load of 10 or B more. taining aerosols shall be provided with an approved manual alarm B system. B B 1006.2.12.2.3 Emergency voice alarm-signaling system. The B B operation of any automatic fire detector, sprinkler or water-flow 1006.2.12.8 Smoke-control systems. An approved automatic B smoke-detection system shall be provided when required by the B device shall automatically sound an alert tone followed by voice Building Code for automatic control of a smoke-control system. B instructions giving appropriate information and directions on a B general or selective basis to the following terminal areas: 1006.2.12.9 Lumber,plywood and veneer mills. Lumber,ply- wood and veneer mills shall be provided with a manual fire alarm B 1. Elevators, system. See Section 3004.5.2. B2. Elevator lobbies, 1006.2.13 [For SFM]Group C Occupancies. Every building or C B3. Corridors, structure used or intended for sleeping purposes shall be provided c B 4. Exit stairways, with an automatic smoke—detector system. n_ B EXCEPTION: Buildings and structures in existence C c B 5. Rooms and tenant spaces exceeding 1,000 square feet and in operation prior to January 11, 1985. B (93 m 2)in area, 1006.3 General System Design and Installation Require- B6. Dwelling units in apartment houses, ments. B7. Hotel guest rooms or suites,and 1006.3.1 Design standards. Fire alarm systems, automatic fire B 8. Areas of refuge. (As defined in the Building Code.) detectors, Emergency Voice Alarm Communication Systems and B notification devices shall be designed, installed and maintained in B A manual override for emergency voice communication shall accordance with[For SFM]the appropriate standards of NFPA B be provided for all paging zones. 72 as amended in Article 91 of the California Building Code, Cali- BThe emergency voice alarm-signaling system shall be designed fornia Mechanical Code and the California Electrical Code. B and installed in accordance with the[For SFM]California Build- 1006.3.2 Equipment. Systems and components shall be [For Bing Code and NFPA 72 as amended in Article 91. SFM]California State Fire Marshal listed and approved for the B 1006.2.12.2.4 Fire department communication system. A Purpose for which they are installed. B two-way,approved fire department communication system shall 1006.3.3 System layout and operation. B be provided for fire department use. It shall operate between the 1006.3.3.1 Manual fire alarm boxes. When a manual fire alarm B central control station and elevators,elevator lobbies,emergency B and standby power rooms and at entries into enclosed stairways. system is required, manual fire alarm boxes shall be distributed throughout so they are readily accessible, unobstructed, and are 1006.2.12.3 Buildings with atriums. Actuation of an atrium located in the normal path of exit travel from the area and as fol- smoke-control system required by the Building Code shall initiate lows: an audible fire alarm signal in designated portions of the building. 1. At every exit from every level. 1006.2.12.4 High-piled combustible storage uses. When re- 2• Additional fire alarm boxes shall be located so that travel quired by Article 81,high-piled combustible storage uses shall be distance to the nearest box does not exceed 200 feet(60 960 mm). provided with an automatic fire-detection system. When fire alarm systems are not monitored,an approved per- manent sign that reads LOCAL ALARM ONLY—CALL FIRE 1006.2.12.5 [For SFM] Automatic smoke detection system DEPARTMENT shall be installed adjacent to each manual fire egress control devices. Smoke detectors shall be installed in ac- alarm box. cordance with this section when required for use with special egress control devices. EXCEPTION 1: Separate signs need not be provided when the manufacturer has permanently provided this in- 1006.2.12.5.1 [For SFM]In other than Group I Occupancies,for formation on the manual fire alarm box. single—story buildings smoke detectors shall be installed at ceil- EXCEPTION 2:[For SFM] When the individual dwell- C ings throughout all occupied areas and mechanicaVelectrical ing units are served by a single stairway, additional boxes c spaces. For multiple story buildings smoke detectors shall be at other than the ground floor may be omitted. A installed throughout all occupied areas and mechanicaUelectri- cal spaces for the story where special egress—control devices are 1006.3.3.1.1[For SFM]Height Manual fire alarm boxes shall be installed. Additional detectors are required on adjacent stories a minimum of 42 inches(1066 mm)and a maximum of 48 inches where occupants of those stories utilize the same exit egress. (1219 mm), measured vertically from the floor level to the oper- able part of each manual fire alarm box. 1006.2.12.5.2 [For SFM] For Group I Occupancies, smoke de- 1006.3.3.2 Control units, annunciator panels and access tectors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied areas keys. The alarm control unit, remote annunciator panel and ac- and mechanical/elecrical spaces of smoke—compartments where cess keys to locked fire alarm equipment shall be installed and special egress—control devices are installed.Additional detectors maintained in an approved location. are required in adjacent smoke—compartments where occupants of those compartments utilize the same exit egress. 1006.3.3.3 Alarm initiation and signal. 1-42 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1006.3.3.3.1 1006.3.4.3 1006.3.3.3.1 General. When actuated, fire alarm-initiating de- 1006.3.3.6.2 Automatic telephone dialing devices. Automatic vices shall activate an alarm signal which is audible throughout telephone dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarm the building or in designated portions of the building when ap- shall not be connected to any fire department telephone number proved. unless approved. C EXCEPTION:Single-station[For SFMJ smoke alarms 10063.3.7 Annunciation. Fire alarm systems shall be divided C L A and multiple-station smoke alarms in dwelling units, into alarm zones when required by the[For SFMJ authority hav- C L rooms used for sleeping purposes in hotel and lodging ing jurisdiction.When two or more alarm zones are required,vis- C L houses,and patient sleeping rooms in hospitals and nursing ible annunciation shall be provided in an approved location by the C L homes. [For SFMJ authority-having jurisdiction to assist in determining C L 1006.3.3.3.2 Audible Alarm Signal. The audible signal shall be the fire location. The annunciation of all zones and device identifi A{ B the standard fire alarm evacuation signal, ANSI S34.1 Audible cation shall be on electrically supervised initiation circuits to the C L A' Emergency Evacuation Signal, "three pulse tem oral attern",as main fire alarm control unit.Alarm, supervisory and trouble sig- A- C g g p p p pals shall be annunciated in the main control unit by means of an A•L A described in NFPA 72 as amended in Article 91. audible signal and a visual display.Such annunciation shall indi- A EXCEPTION: This alarm signal is not required for: care the building,floor,zone or other designated area from which A{ the alarm or trouble signal originated. Visible annunciation shall A.. 1. Live voice message announcements. be provided in a location approved by the authority having juris- C LAl 2. Patient and inmate areas of Group I,Division 1.1 and diction. For the purposes of annunciation,zoning shall be in ac- A� 3 Occupancies. cordance with the following: C L 1006.3.3.3.3 Audibility The alarm signal shall be a distinctive 1. When the fire protective signaling system serves more than C L sound which is not used for any other purpose other than the fire one building, each building shall be considered as a separate C L alarm. Alarm-signaling devices shall produce a sound that ex- zone. C L ceeds the prevailing equivalent sound level in the room or space c� by 15 decibels minimum,or exceeds any maximum sound level 2. Each floor of a building shall be considered as a separate C� with a duration of 60 seconds minimum by 5 decibels minimum, zone. c� whichever is louder. Sound levels for alarm signals shall be 110 3. Each section of floor of a building that is separated by area A{ decibels maximum. separation walls or by horizontal exits shall be considered as a separate zone. L 1006.3.3.3.4 Visual alarms. Alarm systems shall include both C L audible and visual alarms.Alarm devices shall be located in hotel 4. Annunciation shall be further divided into zones where C L guest rooms as required by the California Building Code[For deemed necessary by the authority having jurisdiction. c� SFMJNFPA72 as amended in Article 91. S. Identification of the type of alarm, iniitiating devices such as C L manual, automatic, sprinkler waterflow, sprinkler supervisory C L 1006.3.3.4 Connections to other systems. Afire alarm system AL switches, etc.shall be separately indicated on electrically super- c4. A L C shall not be used for any purpose other than fire warning unless vised!imitating circuits to the main fire alarm control unit. A{ L A approved [For SFMJ by the authority having jurisdiction. C L EXCEPTION: In Group R, Division 3 Occupancies. A L 1006.3.3.5 Monitoring Integrity. Conductors and connections 1006.3.4 Acceptance test and certification. L which interconnect equipment, devices and appliances shall be � monitored for integrity, as set forth in [For SFMJ NFPA 72 as 10063.4.1 Acceptance test. Upon completion of the installa- amended in Article 91. tion, a satisfactory test of the entire system shall be made in the presence of the authority having jurisdiction.All functions of the 1006.3.3.6 Systems Status. system or alteration shall be tested. L 1006.33.6.1 General. When required by the[For SFMJ author- 10063.4.2 Certification. The permittee shall provide [For � ity having jurisdiction,fire alarm supervisry and trouble signals SFMJ the Certification of Completion in accordance with NFPA shall be reported to an approved central,proprietary or remote su- 72 to the authority having jurisdiction that the system has been pervising station or at the protected premise at a constantly at- installed in accordance with the approved plans and specifica- L tended location in accordance with the requirements of [For tions. SFMJ NFPA 72 as amended in Article 91 for recording and dis- position of signals. 10063.4.3 Instructions. When required by the authority having jurisdiction,operating,testing and maintenance instructions and EXCEPTION: Group R occupancies which do not have "as-built" drawings and equipment specifications shall be pro- required fire alarm systems. vided at an approved location. 1-43 TABLE 1004-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 1004-A—STANDPIPE REQUIRED SYSTEMS OCCUPANCY NONSPRINKLERED BUILDING1 SPRINKLERED BUILDING2,3 x 304.8 for mm x 0.0929 for m2 Standpipe Class Hose Requirement Standpipe Class Hose Requirement 1.Occupancies exceeding 150 ft.in height and more than one story III Yes I No 2.Occupancies 4 stories or more but less than 150 ft.in [I and II4] 5 I No height,except Group R,Division 36 (or III) Yes 3.Group A Occupancies with occupant load exceeding 1,000 II Yes No requirement No 4.Group A,Division 2.1 Occupancies over 5,000 square II Yes II Yes feet in area used for exhibition 5.Groups I;H;13;S;M;F,Division I Occupancies less than 4 stories in height but greater than 20,000 square II4 Yes No requirement No feet per floorb 6.Stages more than 1,000 square feet in area II No III No i Except as otherwise specified in Item 4 of this table,Class H standpipes need not be provided in basements having an automatic fire-extinguishing system through- out. ZThe standpipe system may be combined with the automatic sprinkler system. 3Por ions of otherwise sprinklered buildings which are not protected by automatic sprinklers shall have Class II standpipes installed as required for the unsprin- klered portions. 4 In open structures where Class II standpipes may be damaged by freezing,the building official may authorize the use of Class I standpipes which are located as required for Class II standpipes. 51-lose is required for Class II standpipes only. 617or the purposes of this table,occupied roofs of parking structures shall be considered an additional story.In parking structures,a tier is a story. 7Class II standpipes need not be provided in assembly areas used solely for worship. 1-44 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1101 ARTICLE 11 - GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SECTION 1101 —GENERAL 1102.3.3 Material restrictions. Open burning of rubbish con- I101.1 Scope. General safety precautions shall be in accordance taining paper products is prohibited. with Article 11. See also Appendices II-A, II-C, II-D, IV-A 1102.3.4 Time and atmospheric restrictions. Open burning and IV-B. shall only be performed when time and atmospheric conditions comply with the limits set forth in the open-burning permit. 1101.2 Definitions. For definitions of BONFIRE,FLAME-RE- 1102.3.5 Location. Open burning shall not be conducted within SISTANT MATERIAL, OPEN BURNING, RECREATIONAL 50 feet(15 240 mm)of any structure or other combustible materi- FIRE,RUBBISH and SMOKING MATERIAL,see Article 2. al. Conditions which could cause the fire to spread to within 1101.3 Permits and Plans. Permits are required to conduct 50 feet(15 240 mm)of a structure shall be eliminated prior to igni- open burning,store tires outdoors,store combustible material,op- tion. erate a parade float and operate a commercial rubbish-handling EXCEPTION: Clearance from structures and other combustible operation as set forth in Section 105,Permits o.1,t.2,c.6,p.1 and material is allowed to be reduced as follows: c.8,respectively. 1. Not less than 15 feet(4572 mm)when burning is conducted in an approved burning appliance. A plan showing location and dimensions of tire storage areas, 2. Not less than 25 feet(7620 mm)when the pile size is 3 feet(914 tire piles, buildings, aisles and access roads shall be submitted mm)or less in diameter and 2 feet(610 mm)or less in height. with applications for tire storage permits. 1102.3.6 Fire-extinguishing equipment. A garden hose con- nected to a water supply or other approved fire-extinguishing SECTION 1102—INCINERATORS, OPEN BURNING equipment shall be readily available for use at open-burning sites. AND COMMERCIAL BARBECUE PITS 1102.3.7 Attendance. Burning material shall be constantly at- 1102.1 General. Incinerators, open burning and commercial tended by a person knowledgeable in the use of the fire-extin- barbecue pits shall be in accordance with Section 1102. guishing equipment required by Section 1102.3.6 and familiar with the permit limitations which restrict open burning.An atten- 1102.2 Incinerators. dant shall supervise the burning material until the fire has been ex- tinguished. 1102.2.1 General. Free-standing noncommercial incinerators 1102.3.8 Discontinuance. The chief is authorized to require that not connected to buildings shall be in accordance with Section open burning be immediately discontinued if the chief determines 1102.2.Incinerators shall be in accordance with other governing that smoke emissions are offensive to occupants of surrounding agencies regulating emissions. For other requirements and for property or if the open burning is determined by the chief to consti- other types of incinerators, see the Building and Mechanical tute a hazardous condition. codes. 1102.4 Recreational Fires. 1102.2.2 Construction. Free-standing incinerators shall be constructed of concrete or masonry and shall have a completely 1102.4.1 General. Recreational fires shall be in accordance enclosed combustion chamber. Incinerators shall be equipped With Section 1102.4. with a permanently attached spark arrester. The spark arrester 1102.4.2 Location. Recreational fires shall not be conducted shall be constructed of iron,heavy wire mesh or other noncombus- within 25 feet(7620 mm)of a structure or combustible material tible material with openings not larger than 1/2 inch(12.7 mm). unless contained in a barbecue pit.Conditions which could cause a 1102.2.3 Location. Free-standing incinerators shall not be lo- fire to spread to within 25 feet(7620 mm)of a structure shall be Gated within 10 feet(3048 mm)of combustible walls,roofs or oth- eliminated prior to ignition. er combustible material; building openings; or property lines. 1102.4.3 Fire-extinguishing equipment. Buckets,shovels,gar- Incinerators shall not be located within 5 feet(1524 mm)of non- den hoses or a fire extinguisher with a minimum 4-A rating shall be combustible buildings or structures. Chimney stacks shall be readily available for use at recreational fires. constructed in accordance with the Building Code. 1102.4.4 Attendance. Recreational fires shall be constantly at- 1102.2.4 Maintenance. Incinerators shall be maintained in tended by a person knowledgeable in the use of the fire-extin- good condition at all times. guishing equipment required by Section 1102.4.3. An attendant shall supervise a recreational fire until such fire has been extin- 1102.2.5 Discontinuance. The chief is authorized to require in- guished. cinerator use to be immediately discontinued if the chief deter- 1102.4.5 Discontinuance. The chief is authorized to require that mines that smoke emissions are offensive to occupants of recreational fires be immediately discontinued if such fires are de- surrounding property or if the use of the incinerator is determined termined by the chief to constitute a hazardous condition. by the chief to constitute a hazardous condition. 1102.5 Commercial Barbecue Pits. 1102.3 Open Burning. 1102.5.1 Indoor locations. Barbecue pits used for commercial 1102.3.1 General. Open burning shall be conducted in accor- cooking operations in buildings shall be constructed as commer- dance with Section 1102.3.Open burning shall also be conducted cial food heat-processing equipment in accordance with the Me- as required by other governing agencies regulating emissions. chanical Code. See also Section 1005. EXCEPTION: Recreational fires shall be in accordance with Sec- 1102.5.2 Outdoor locations. tion 1102.4. 1102.5.2.1 Construction. Barbecue pits in outdoor locations 1102.3.2 Notification. Prior to commencement of open burn- shall be constructed of concrete or approved noncombustible ma- ing,the fire department shall be notified. terials. 1-45 1102.5.2.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1103.3.3.1 1102.5.2.2 Location. Barbecue pits outside of buildings shall 2. In covered metal or metal-lined receptacles or bins,or not be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of combustible walls or 3. Completely baled and stacked in an orderly manner in an ap- roofs or other combustible material. proved location. 1102.5.2.3 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extin- 1103.2.4 Combustible vegetation. Cut or uncut weeds, grass, guishers shall be provided for commercial barbecue pits in accor- vines and other vegetation shall be removed when determined by dance with UFC Standard 10-1. the chief to be a fire hazard.When the chief determines that total removal of growth is impractical due to size or environmental fac- SECTION 1103—COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS tors,approved fuel breaks shall be established.Designated areas shall be cleared of combustible vegetation to establish the fuel 1103.1 General. Storage, accumulation, use and handling of breaks. combustible materials shall be in accordance with Section 1103. 1103.3 Storage,Use and Handling of Miscellaneous Combus- 1103.2 Storage and Accumulation of Rubbish and Vegeta- tible Materials tion. 1103.3.1 General. Storage, use and handling of miscellaneous 1103.2.1 Rubbish within and adjacent to buildings and struc- combustible materials shall be in accordance with Section 1103.3. tures. 1103.3.2 Storage in buildings. 1103.2.1.1 General. Rubbish kept within or adjacent to build- 1103.3.2.1 General. Storage of combustible materials in build- ings or structures shall be in accordance with Section 1103.2.1. ings shall be orderly. EXCEPTION:Commercial rubbish-handling operations shall be 1103.3.2.2 Ceiling clearance. Storage shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1103.2.3. 2 feet(610 mm)or more below the ceiling in nonsprinklered areas 1103.2.1.2 Required storage conditions. Combustible rubbish of buildings. kept or accumulated within or adjacent to buildings or structures Storage shall be maintained 18 inches(457 mm)or more below shall be in containers complying with Section 1103.2.1.4 or in sprinkler head deflectors in sprinklered areas of buildings. rooms or vaults constructed of noncombustible materials. 1103.3.2.3 Means of egress. Combustible material shall not be 1103.2.1.3 Oily rags. Oily rags and similar materials shall be stored in exits or exit enclosures. stored in metal, metal-lined or other approved containers equipped with tightfitting covers. 1103.3.2.4 Equipment rooms. Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical equip- 1103.2.1.4 Rubbish containers. ment rooms. 1103.2.1.4.1 General. Rubbish containers kept outside of 1103.3.2.5 Attic,under-floor and concealed spaces. Attic,un- rooms or vaults shall not exceed 40.5 cubic feet(1.15 m3)capac- der-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combustible ity. Containers exceeding 51/3 cubic feet [40 gallons (0.15 m3)] materials shall be protected on the storage side as required for one- shall be provided with lids. Such containers and lids shall be hour fire-resistive construction. Openings shall be protected by constructed of noncombustible materials or nonmetallic materials assemblies that are self-closing and are of noncombustible complying with Section 1103.2.1.4.2. construction or solid wood core not less than 13/4 inch(44.5 mm) 1103.2.1.4.2 Nonmetallic containers. Nonmetallic rubbish in thickness. Storage shall not be placed on exposed joists. containers exceeding 51/3 cubic feet[40 gallons(0.15 m3)]capac- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Areas protected by approved automatic sprin- ity shall be manufactured of materials having a peak rate of heat kler systems. release not exceeding 300 kW/m2 at a flux of 50 kW/m2 when 2. Group R,Division 3 and Group U Occupancies. tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See 1103.3.2.6 Fueled equipment. Fueled equipment,including but Article 90,Standard a.4.10. Such containers shall be permanently not limited to motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment and labeled indicating capacity and peak rate of heat release. portable cooking equipment, shall not be stored,operated or re- 1103.2.1.5 Removal. Combustible rubbish stored in containers paired within a building. outside of noncombustible vaults or rooms shall be removed from EXCEPTIONS: 1.Buildings or rooms constructed for such use in buildings at least once each working day. accordance with the Building Code. 2. When allowed by other provisions of this code. 1103.2.2 Rubbish within dumpsters. Dumpsters and contain- The chief is authorized to require removal of such equipment ers with an individual capacity of 1.5 cubic yards[40.5 cubic feet from any location when the presence of such equipment is deter- (1.15 m3)]or more shall not be stored in buildings or placed within mined by the chief to be hazardous. 5 feet(1524 mm)of combustible walls,openings or combustible For requirements in covered mall buildings,see Section 3504.3. roof eave lines. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Areas containing dumpsters or containers 1103.3.3 Use of combustible decorative materials. protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. 1103.3.3.1 General. Combustible decorative materials used in 2. Structures of Types I and II fire-resistive construction used for Group A; Group H and M wholesale and retail stores; Group E; dumpster or container storage located not less than 10 feet(3048 mm) Group I; and public areas of Group R, Division I Occupancies from other buildings. shall be flame resistant as determined by procedures set forth in 1103.2.3 Commercial rubbish-handling operations. Occu- Section 1103.3.3. pancies exclusively performing commercial rubbish handling or EXCEPTIONS: 1.The display of salable goods. recycling shall maintain rubbish or product to be processed or re Cycled as follows: 2. Educational materials and product brochures that are stored,dis- tributed and maintained in an approved manner. 1. In approved vaults, 3. Live vegetation of an approved type. 1-46 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1103.3.3.1 1107.1 4. Individual decorative items of a size and separated from others, 1103.3.5.4 Height. Storage in the open shall not exceed 20 feet as approved. (6096 mm)in height. 1103.3.3.2 Textile and film materials. Textile and film materi- 1103.3.6 Outside storage of tires. als shall be treated and maintained flame resistant in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Stan- 1103.3.6.1 General. Outside tire storage shall be in accordance dard n.2.3. with Section 1103.3.6. 1103.3.3.3 Wood. Wood materials less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) 1103.3.6.2 Individual piles. Tires shall be restricted to individu- al thickness shall be treated with a flame-retardant coating al piles not exceeding 5,000 square feet(464.5 m2)of continuous area.Piles shall not exceed n heig cubic feet(1415.8 m3)in vol- in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article ume or 10 feet(3048 mm)in height. 90, Standard n.2.4. 1103.3.3.4 Foam plastics. Foam plastics and materials contain- 1103.3.6.3 Separation. A clear space of at least 40 feet(12 192 ing foam plastics shall be in accordance with the following: mm) shall be provided between piles. The clear space shall not contain flammable or combustible material or vegetation. Tire 1. Exhibit booth construction shall have a maximum heat-re- storage shall not be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of any prop- lease rate of 100 kilowatts when tested in accordance with nation- erty line or building and shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 nun) in ally recognized standards. See Article 90,Standard u.1.15. height when within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any property line or 2. Decorative objects,including but not limited to mannequins, building. murals and signs,shall have a maximum heat-release rate of 150 kilowatts when tested in accordance with nationally recognized SECTION 1104—PARADE FLOATS standards. See Article 90,Standard u.1.15. 1104.1 Decorative Material. Decorative material on parade EXCEPTION: When the aggregate area of murals,signs or simi- floats shall be noncombustible or flame retardant. lar decorative objects occupies less than 10 percent of the floor or wall area,this requirement may be waived by the chief. 1104.2 Fire Protection. Motorized parade floats and towing ap- 3. Theater,motion picture and television stage settings with or paratus shall be provided with a minimum 2-A, 10-B:C-rated por- without horizontal projections and simulated caves or caverns table fire extinguisher readily accessible to the operator. shall have a maximum heat-release rate of 100 kilowatts when tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See SECTION 1105—ASPHALT KETTLES Article 90,Standard u.1.15. 1103.3.3.5 Nonfoam plastics. Plastic materials other than foam 1105.1 Transporting. Asphalt kettles shall not be transported plastics shall be flame resistant or shall be rendered flame resistant on a highway,road or street when the heat source for the kettle is by treating with a flame-retardant coating. operating. EXCEPTION: Asphalt kettles in the process of patching road sur- 1103.3.3.6 Maintenance of flame-resistant treatments. Treat- faces. ments used to render materials flame resistant shall be renewed as 1105.2 Use. Asphalt kettles shall not be used inside or on the roof often as necessary to maintain the materials' flame resistance in of a building. accordance with Section 1103.3.3. 1105.3 Fire Protection. A minimum 20-B:C-rated portable fire 1103.3.4 Atrium furnishings. extinguisher shall be located within 30 feet(9144 mm)of each as- 1103.3.4.1 Potential heat. Potential heat of combustible fur- phalt kettle when the heat source is operating. A minimum nishin s and decorative materials within atria shall not exceed 20-B:C-rated portable fire extinguisher shall also be located on g roofs during asphalt coating operations. 9,000 Btu per pound(20 934 J/g)when located within an area that is more than 20 feet(6096 mm)below ceiling-level sprinklers. 1105.4 Covers. Asphalt kettles shall be equipped with tightfit- ting covers. 1103.3.4.2 Decorative materials. Decorative material in atria shall be noncombustible,flame resistant or treated with a flame re- 1105.5 Location. Asphalt kettles shall not be located within tardant. 20 feet (6096 mm) of any combustible material, combustible building surface or building opening. 1103.3.5 Outside storage. 1105.E Attendant. An attendant shall be within 100 feet(30 480 1103.3.5.1 Location. Outside storage of combustible materials mm)of a kettle when the heat source is operating.Ladders or simi- shall not be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of a property line. lar obstacles shall not form a part of the route between the atten- EXCEPTIONS: 1. The separation distance is allowed to be re- dant and the kettle. duced to 3 feet(914 mm)for storage not exceeding 6 feet(1829 mm) EXCEPTION: Thermostatically controlled kettles. in height. 2. The separation distance is allowed to be reduced when the chief SECTION 1106—GAS METERS AND PIPING determines that no hazard to the adjoining property exists. 1103.3.5.2 Storage beneath buildings and structures. Com- Aboveground gas meters,regulators and piping exposed to vehic- bustible material shall not be stored beneath a building or struc- ular damage due to proximity to alleys,driveways or parking areas ture. shall be protected in an approved manner. 1103.3.5.3 Storage beneath overhead projections from build- SECTION 1107—HEAT-PRODUCING APPLIANCES ings. Combustible materials stored or displayed outside of build- ings that are protected by automatic sprinklers shall not be stored 1107.1 General. Heating appliances shall be installed and main- or displayed under unsprinklered eaves,canopies or other projec- tained in accordance with their listing and the Building,Electrical tions or overhangs. and Mechanical codes.Clearance from combustible material shall 1-47 1107.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1109.8.2 be maintained as set forth in the Building and Mechanical codes maintained. When necessary,the chief is authorized to designate and the product listing. specific safe locations in any building, structure or place where 1107.2 Clothes Dryers. Clothes dryers shall be frequently smoking is allowed. cleaned to maintain the lint trap,mechanical and heating compo- 1109.4.2 Hazardous environmental conditions. When the nents free from excessive accumulations of lint. chief determines that hazardous environmental conditions neces- EXCEPTION: Clothes dryers within private dwelling units of sitate controlled use of smoking materials,the ignition or use of Group R Occupancies. such materials in mountainous, brush-covered or forest-covered areas or other designated areas is prohibited. SECTION 1108-POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS EXCEPTION: Approved designated smoking areas. 1109.5 Burning Objects. Lighted matches,cigarettes,cigars or 1108.1 General. Powered industrial trucks shall be operated and other burning objects shall not be discarded in such a manner that maintained in accordance with Section 1108. could cause ignition of other combustible material. 1108.2 Battery Chargers. Battery chargers shall be of an ap- 1109.6 Hot Ashes and Spontaneous Ignition Sources. Hot proved type. Combustible storage shall be kept a minimum of ashes,cinders,smoldering coals or greasy or oily materials sub- 5 feet(1524 mm)from battery chargers.Battery charging shall not ject to spontaneous ignition shall not be deposited in a combus- be conducted in areas accessible to the public. tible receptacle, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of other combustible material including combustible walls and partitions or within 2 1108.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in an approved feet(610 mm)of openings to buildings. manner in battery-charging areas to prevent a dangerous accu- EXCEPTION: The separation distance to other combustible ma- mulation of flammable gases. terials is allowed to be reduced to 2 feet(610 mm)when the dangerous 1108.4 Fire Extinguishers. Battery-charging areas shall be pro- material is deposited in covered metal or noncombustible receptacles vided with a fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of which are placed on a noncombustible floor,ground surface or stand. 4-A-20B:C within 20 feet(6096 mm)of the battery charger. 1109.7 Sparks from Chimneys. Chimneys used with fireplaces or heating appliances in which solid or liquid fuel is used shall be 1108.5 Refueling. Industrial trucks using liquid fuel or LP-gas maintained with a spark arrester as required for incinerators by the shall be refueled outside of buildings or in areas specifically ap- Mechanical Code. proved for that purpose, and in accordance with Articles 79 EXCEPTION: Chimneys which are located more than 200 feet and 82. (60 960 mm)from any mountainous,brush-covered or forest-covered 1108.E Repairs. Repairs to fuel systems, electrical systems or land or land covered with flammable material and are not attached to a structure having less than a Class C roof covering,as set forth in the repairs utilizing open flame or welding shall be done in approved Building Code. locations outside of buildings or in areas specifically approved for 1109.8 Requirements for Use of Candles and Other Open- that purpose. flame Decorative Devices. SECTION 1109-CONTROL OF SOURCES OF 1109.8.1 General. The use of candles and other open-flame dec- IGNITION orative devices in places of assembly and drinking or dining estab- lishments shall be in accordance with Section 1109.8. 1109.1 General. Ignition sources shall be in accordance with 1109.8.2 Candles and other open-flame decorative de- Section 1109. vices. Candles and other open-flame decorative devices shall be 1109.2 Clearance from Ignition Sources. Clearance between in accordance with the following: ignition sources,such as light fixtures,heaters and flame-produc- 1.Classes I and 11 liquids and LP-gas shall not be used. ing devices,and combustible storage shall be maintained in an ap- 2.Liquid-or solid-fueled lighting devices containing more than proved manner. 8 ounces(236.6 ml)must self-extinguish and not leak fuel at a rate 1109.3 Portable Fueled Open-flame Devices. Portable open- of more than 1/4 teaspoon per minute(1.26 ml per minute)if tipped flame devices fueled by flammable or combustible gases or liq- over. uids shall be enclosed or installed in such a manner as to prevent 3.The devices or holder shall be constructed to prevent the spill- the flame from contacting any combustible material. age of liquid fuel or wax at the rate of more than 1/4 teaspoon per EXCEPTIONS: 1. LP-gas-fueled devices as set forth in Article minute(1.26 ml per minute)when the device or holder is not in an 82 not used for sweating pipe joints or removing paint. upright position. 2. Cutting and welding operations as set forth in Article 49. 4.The device or holder shall be designed so that it will return to 3. Torches or flame-producing devices used as set forth in the upright position after being tilted to an angle of 45 degrees Article 49. from vertical. 4.Candles and open-flame decorative devices as set forth in Sec- EXCEPTION:Units that self-extinguish if tipped over and do not tion 1109.8. spill fuel or wax at the rate of more than 1/4 teaspoon per minute(1.26 1109.4 Smoking. ml per minute)if tipped over. 5.The flame shall be enclosed except as follows: 1109.4.1 Designated areas. When the chief determines that 5.1 Openings on the side shall not be more than 3/8 inch smoking constitutes a fire hazard in any areas of piers,wharves, (9.5 mm)diameter. warehouses, stores,industrial plants,institutions,schools,places of assembly and in open spaces where combustible materials are 5.2 Openings on the top and the distance to the top shall be stored or handled,the chief is authorized to order the owner or oc- such that a piece of tissue paper placed on the top will not ig- cupant to post approved NO SMOKING signs in each building, nite in 10 seconds. structure, room or place in which smoking is prohibited. Such 6.Chimneys shall be made of noncombustible materials. Such signs shall be conspicuously and suitably located and shall be chimneys shall be securely attached to the open-flame device. 1-48 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1109.8.2 1113 EXCEPTION: The chimney need not be attached to any open- 1110.3 Maintenance of Vacant Buildings and Properties. Va- flame device that will self-extinguish if the device is tipped over. cant buildings and properties shall be maintained free of accu- 7.Fuel canisters shall be safely sealed for storage. mulations of combustible or hazardous materials. 8. Storage and handling of combustible liquids shall be in accor- Vacant buildings shall be maintained,securely locked or barri- dance with Article 79. caded to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. 9. Shades,if used,shall be made of noncombustible materials and securely attached to the open-flame device holder or chimney. SECTION 1111 —MAINTENANCE OF 10. Candelabras with flame-lighted candles shall be securely FIRE—RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION fastened in place to prevent overturning and located away from 1111.1 Fire-resistive Construction. Required fire-resistive occupants using the area and away from possible contact with construction, including occupancy separations, area separation drapes,curtains or other combustibles. walls,exterior walls due to location on property,fire-resistive re- 1109.8.3 Religious ceremonies. When, in the opinion of the quirements based on type of construction, draft-stop partitions chief, adequate safeguards have been taken, participants in and roof coverings shall be maintained as specified in the Building religious ceremonies are allowed to carry handheld candles. Code and this code and shall be properly repaired,restored or re- Handheld candles shall not be passed from one person to another placed when damaged,altered,breached,penetrated,removed or while lighted. improperly installed. 1109.8.4 Theatrical performances. When approved, open- When required fire-rated gypsum wallboard walls or ceilings flame devices used in conjunction with theatrical performances are broken to the extent that through openings exist,the damaged are allowed to be used when adequate safety precautions have gypsum wallboard shall be replaced or returned to the required been taken. level of fire resistance using a listed repair system or using materi- als and methods equivalent to the original construction. 1109.9 Flaming Food and Beverage Preparation. For permits to repair,replace or restore required fire-resistive ' 1109.9.1 General. The preparation of flaming foods or bever- construction, see the Building Code. ages in places of assembly and drinking or dining establishments 1111.2 Fire Doors, Windows, Dampers and Other Fire As- shall be in accordance with Section 1109.9. semblies for Protection of Openings. 1109.9.2 Dispensing. Flammable or combustible liquids used in 1111.2.1 Maintenance. Required fire assemblies shall be main- the preparation of flaming foods or beverages shall be dispensed tained as specified in the Building Code and this code.These as- from one of the following: semblies shall bear an approved label or other identification 1.A 1-ounce(29.6 nil)container or showing the rating thereof and shall be properly repaired,restored 2.A container not exceeding 1 quart(946.5 nil)capacity with a or replaced when damaged, altered, breached, penetrated, re- controlled-pouring device that will limit the flow to a 1-ounce moved or improperly installed. (29.6 nil)serving. 1111.2.2 Operation. Fire assemblies shall not be obstructed or 1109.9.2.1 Containers not in use. Containers shall be secured otherwise impaired from their proper operation at any time. to prevent spillage when not in use. 1111.2.3 Identification. When required by the chief,a sign shall 1109.9.2.2 Serving of flaming food. The serving of flaming be displayed permanently near or on each required fire door in let- foods or beverages shall be done in a safe manner and shall not ters not less than 1 inch(25.4 mm)high to read as follows: create high flames.The pouring,ladling or spooning of liquids is FIRE DOOR restricted to a maximum height of 8 inches(203 mm)above the DO NOT OBSTRUCT receiving receptacle. 1111.2.4 Testing. Horizontal or vertical sliding and rolling fire 1109.9.3 Location. Flaming foods or beverages shall be pre- doors shall be inspected and tested annually by the owner or the pared only in the immediate vicinity of the table being serviced. owner's authorized representative to check for proper operation They shall not be transported or carried while burning. and full closure.Resetting of the release mechanism shall be done 1109.9.4 Fire protection. The person preparing the flaming in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions. A foods or beverages shall have a wet cloth towel immediately avail- written record shall be maintained and shall be available to the fin- able for use in smothering the flames in the event of an emergency. spection authority. SECTION 1110—VACANT BUILDINGS SECTION 1112—MAINTENANCE OF INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISHES 1110.1 General. Buildings and properties which are vacant or in Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be in accordance with the the process of being vacated shall be in accordance with Sec- Building Code. tion 1110. EXCEPTION: Occupancies regulated by Article 80. 1110.2 Removal of Combustible and Hazardous Maten- SECTION 1113—FLOOR OPENINGS als. Upon vacating or abandoning a building or property, the Floor openings shall be surrounded by guardrails as set forth in the owner or occupant thereof shall remove all combustible and haz- Building Code or shall have covers which are automatic closing or ardous materials. maintained in a closed position at all times. 1-49 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1201 ARTICLE 12- MAINTENANCE OF MEANS OF EGRESS AND EMERGENCY ESCAPES SECTION 1201 —GENERAL 1. In areas serving employees only, the minimum aisle width B shall be 24 inches(610 mm)but not less than the width required by B 1201.1 Scope. Maintenance of means of egress and emergency the number of employees served. B escapes in buildings and structures used or intended to be used for 2 In public areas of Groups B and M Occupancies,the mini- B human occupancy shall be in accordance with Article 12. B mum clear aisle width shall be 36 inches(914 mm)where seats, B See Articles 24,25,32,77 and 81 for additional means of egress tables, counters, furnishings, displays and similar fixtures or B requirements. equipment are placed on one side of the aisle only and 44 inches B All references to the BuildingCode are to the code edition under (1118 mm)when such fixtures or equipment are placed on both B sides of the aisle. B which the building was constructed. 1201.2 Definitions. For definitions,see Article 2 and the Build- SECTION 1205—FIRE ESCAPE ing Code. When fire escapes are used as an approved means of egress,they shall be maintained in accordance with this code.Fire escapes and SECTION 1202—ADEQUACY OF MEANS OF related balconies, ladders, landings and operating devices shall EGRESS IN EXISTING OCCUPANCIES not be obstructed in any manner. 1202.1 General. Means of egress conforming to the require- SECTION 1206—EMERGENCY ESCAPES B B ments of the Building Code under which they were constructed B may be considered as complying means of egress if,in the opinion Emergency escape or rescue windows, doors or window wells, B C L of the chief,they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life.The re- [For SFM]or any exit door required by the California Building B A L quired fire-resistive rating of walls,ceilings and openings that are Code for sleeping rooms of Group R Occupancies shall be main- B part of a means of egress shall be maintained. tained free of any obstruction,including bars,grates or similar de- B vices which would inhibit egress. B Buildings or structures that were not constructed under the re- B quirements of a building code shall meet the minimum require- EXCEPTION 1: Bars, grilles, grates or similar devices are al- lowed provided that such devices are equipped with approved release B ments of Article 12. See also Appendices I-A and I-B. mechanisms which are openable from the inside without the use of a B key or special knowledge or effort,the release mechanisms are main- B 1202.2 Abatement of Buildings and Structures with made- rained operable, and the building is equipped with smoke detectors B quate Means of Egress. Buildings or structures that are not pro- installed in accordance with the Building Code. B vided with adequate means of egress or emergency escapes are [For the SFM]Such bars,grilles,grates or similar devices shall be C L unsafe and shall be subject to the abatement procedures specified equipped with an approved release device for use by the fire depart- C L in Section 103.4.5.When abatement is by repair or rehabilitation, ment only,on the exterior side for the purpose of fire department emer- C L means of egress and emergency escapes shall be provided and gency access,when required by the authority having jurisdiction. C L maintained in accordance with the Building Code. 2. where security bars(burglar bars)are installed on emergency A4_ egress and rescue windows or doors,such devices shall comply with A,L the California Building Code and the California Referenced Standards C L Code, Chapter 12-3. C L SECTION 1203—MEANS OF EGRESS 3.[For SFM]For those GroupR,Division hotel occupancies pro- CL OBSTRUCTIONS vided with a monitored automatic sprinkler system in accordance with C L Obstructions,includingstorage,shall not be laced in the required Section 1003.2.9, designed in accordance with NFPA 13, operable C L g P q windows may be permanently restricted to a maximum 4—inch(102 A L width of a means of egress,except projections as allowed by the mm)open position. C L Building Code. Means of egress shall not be obstructed in any manner and shall remain free of any material or matter where its SECTION 1207—DOORS presence would obstruct or render the means of egress hazardous. 1207.1 General. Exit doors shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1207.Exit doors shall be maintained in an operable SECTION 1204—AISLES condition.Doors installed as part of required fire assemblies shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1111. 1204.1 General. Aisles shall be provided from all occupied por- tions of the exit access which contain seats, tables, furnishings, Building Swing and Opening Force. When required by the Buildi displays and similar fixtures or equipment.Aisles located within Bng Code,exit doors shall be of the pivoted or side-hinged an accessible route of travel shall also comply with the Building swinging type.Exit doors shall swing in the direction of the path of Code requirements for accessibility. exit travel when serving any hazardous area or when the area served has an occupant load of 50 or more.The door shall swing to 1204.2 Aisle Width. full-open position when an opening force not to exceed 30 pounds (133.45 N)is applied to the latch side. 1204.2.1 General. Aisle width shall be in accordance with Sec- tion 1204.2 for occupancies, other than assembly occupancies, 1207.3 Locking Devices. Exit doors shall be openable from the without fixed seats.Aisle width in assembly occupancies shall be inside without the use of a key or any special knowledge or effort. in accordance with Section 2501.9. Exit doors shall not be locked,chained,bolted,barred,latched or otherwise rendered unusable. All locking devices shall be of an 1204.2.2 Width in occupancies without fixed seats. The width approved type. e of aisles in occupancies without fixed seats shall be provided in EXCEPTIONS: 1.In Groups A,Division 3;B;F;M and S Occu- B accordance with the following: pancies and in all churches,key-locking hardware may be used on the B 1-51 1207.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1212.2 main exit when the main exit consists of a single door or pair of doors 1208.4 Swing. Gates and barriers installed across a means of if there is a readily visible,durable sign on,or adjacent to,the door stat- egress shall swing in the direction of travel when required by the ing THIS DOOR MUST REMAIN UNLOCKED DURING BUSI- Building Code for exit doors. NESS HOURS.This sign shall be in letters not less than 1 inch(25.4 mm)high on a contrasting background. When unlocked,the single door or both leaves of a pair of doors must be free to swing without op- eration of any latching device.The use of this exception may be re- voked by the chief or building official for due cause. B Corridors shall be maintained in accordance with the Building B 2.Exit doors from individual dwelling units;Group R,Division 3 B Code. Partitions, rails, counters and similar space dividers not e congregate residences;and guest rooms of Group R Occupancies hav- over 6 feet (1829 mm) in height above the floor shall not be B ing an occupant load of 10 or less may be provided with a night latch, B dead bolt or security chain,provided such devices are openable from construed to form corridors. B Bthe inside without the use of a key or tool and mounted at a height not B to exceed 49 inches(1219 mm)above the finished floor. B SECTION 1210—STAIRWAYS AND RAMPS B Manually operated edge- or surface-mounted flush bolts and B surface bolts are prohibited.When exit doors are used in pairs and 1210.1 General. Stairways shall be maintained in accordance B approved automatic flush bolts are used,the door leaf having the with the Building Code. B automatic flush bolts shall have no door knob or surface-mounted B hardware.The unlatching of any leaf shall not require more than 1210.2 Barriers. Barriers provided in exit stairways to prevent B one operation. egress traffic ascending or descending a stairway from going be- B yond the grade level shall be maintained in an operable condition. B EXCEPTIONS: 1.Group R,Division 3 Occupancies. B 2.When a pair of doors serving a room not normally occupied is 1210.3 Storage under Stairways. Storage is prohibited under Bneeded for the movement of equipment,manually operated edge or exit stairways. B surface bolts may be used and a door closer need not be provided on B EXCEPTION: Storage is allowed under interior or exterior stair- B s the inactive leaf. ways when such stairways are not within exit enclosures and such B 1207.4 Panic Hardware. Panic hardware,when installed,shall spaces are protected on the enclosed side by one-hour fire-resistive B comply with the requirements of the Building Code.The activat- construction as specified in the Building Code. B ing member shall be mounted at a height of not less than 1210.4 Stairway Identification. Approved stairway identifica- B 30 inches(762 mm)nor more than 44 inches(1118 mm)above the Lion signs shall be located at each floor level in all enclosed stair- B floor.The unlatching force shall not exceed 15 pounds(66.72 N) ways in buildings four or more stories in height. The sign shall B when applied in the direction of travel. identify the stairway, indicate whether there is roof access, the B When balanced doors are used and panic hardware is required, floor level,and the upper and lower terminus of the stairway.The B panic hardware shall be of the push-pad type and the pad shall not sign shall be located approximately 5 feet(1524 mm)above the B extend across more than one half of the width of the door measured floor landing in a position which is readily visible when the door is B from the latch side. in the open or closed position. See Appendix I-C. A c 1207.5 Special Egress-control devices. [For SFMJ See Sec- 1210.5 Enclosures. Stair and ramp enclosures required by the c tion 1006.2.12.5 for design of automatic smoke—detection systems Building Code shall be maintained and shall not have openings A in association with new special egress—control devices. other than exit doorways and openings in exterior walls. B 1207.6 Door Identification. Exit doors shall be readily distin- 1210.6 Ramps. Ramps used as exits shall be maintained in ac- e cordance with the Building Code. B guishable from the adjacent construction and shall be easily rec- B B ognizable as exit doors. B B SECTION 1211 —MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION B B 1207.7 Additional Doors. When required by the Building B B Code,additional doors provided for egress purposes shall be in ac- 1211.1 General. Means of egress illumination shall be provided B B cordance with all provisions of Article 12. and maintained in accordance with the Building Code. Means B of egress shall be illuminated when the building or structure is oc- B cupied. B SECTION 1208—GATES AND BARRIERS 1211.2 Emergency Power Equipment. Equipment providing B 1208.1 General. Gates and barriers installed in means of egress emergency power for means of egress illumination and exit signs B pathways shall be in accordance with Section 1208. shall be maintained in an operable condition. B B 1208.2 Latch. Gates and barriers shall be openable without the B use of a key or any special knowledge or effort.Gates and barriers SECTION 1212—MEANS OF EGRESS B in a means of egress shall not be locked,chained,bolted,barred, IDENTIFICATION B latched or otherwise rendered unopenable at times when the build- B ing or area served by the means of egress is occupied. 1212.1 General.For the purposes of the Building Code,the term B "exit sign"shall mean those required signs which indicate the path B EXCEPTION: Gates or barriers used to restrict access to various of exit travel within the means of egress system. B portions of a building or area,provided the gates or barriers do not ob- B struct access to required means of egress from occupied spaces and any 1212.2 Where Required.The path of exit travel to and within B dead ends created by the installation of such devices do not exceed 20 exits in a building shall be identified by exit signs conforming to B feet(6096 mm)in length. the requirements of the Building Code.Exit signs shall be readily B 1208.3 Width. Gates and barriers installed across a means of visible from any direction of approach.Exit signs shall be located B egress shall be of sufficient size as to be capable of opening so that as necessary to clearly indicate the direction of egress travel.No B the clear width of the opening is not less than the width required by point shall be more than 100 feet(30 480 mm) from the nearest B the Building Code. visible sign. B 1-52 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1212.2 1213.3 EXCEPTIONS: 1.Main exterior exit doors which obviously and 1212.6 Floor-level Exit Signs.Where exit signs are required by B clearly are identifiable as exit doors need not have exit signs when ap- the Building Code, additional approved low-level exit signs B proved by the building official. which are internally or externally illuminated,photoluminescent B 2.Rooms or areas which require only one exit or exit access. or self-luminous,shall be provided in all corridors serving guest B 3.In Group R,Division 3 Occupancies and within individual units rooms of hotels in Group R,Division 1 Occupancies. B of Group R,Division 1 Occupancies. 4.Exits or exit access from rooms or areas with an occupant load of The bottom of such sign shall not be less than 6 inches(152 mm) B less than 50 where located within a Group I,Division 1.1,1.2 or 2 Oc- nor more than 8 inches(203 mm)above the floor level and shall B cupancy or a Group E,Division 3 day-care occupancy. indicate the path of exit travel.For exit and exit-access doors,the B 1212.3 Graphics.The color and design of lettering,arrows and sign shall be on the door or adjacent to the door with the closest B other symbols on exit signs shall be in high contrast with their edge of the sign within 4 inches(102 mm)of the door frame. B background.Exit signs shall have the word"EXIT"on the sign in B block capital letters not less than 6 inches(152 mm)in height with 1212.7 Amusement Building Exit Marking. Approved direc- B a stroke of not less than 3/4 inch(19 mm).The word"EXIT"shall tional exit marking and exit signs shall be provided in accordance B with the Building Code.Approved low-level exit signs and direc- B have letters having a width of not less than 2 inches(51 mm)ex- B tional marking shall not be less than 6 inches(152 mm)nor more B cept for the letter"I"and a minimum spacing between letters of than 8 inches(203 mm)above the walking surface and shall indi- S not less than /8 inch(9.5 mm).Signs with lettering larger than the B minimum dimensions established herein shall have the letter cate the exit path.Such marking shall be activated in accordance B width,stroke and spacing in proportion to their height. with the Building Code.(See UBC Section NO TAG.) B 1212.4 Illumination.Exit signs shall be internally or externally 1212.8 Concealment and Obstruction. Exit signs and direc- illuminated.When the face of an exit sign is illuminated from an tional exit markings shall not be concealed or obstructed. external source, it shall have an intensity of not less than 5 footcandles(541x)from either of two electric lamps.Internally illuminated signs shall provide equivalent luminance and be listed SECTION 1213—DISCHARGE, DISPERSAL AND for the purpose. REFUGE EXCEPTION:Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly illuminated letters that have a minimum luminance of 0.06 foot lambert 1213.1 General. Areas designated for occupant discharge,dis- (0.21 cd/m2). persal or refuge shall be maintained unobstructed and clear of stor- 1212.5 Power Source.All exit signs shall be illuminated at all age. times.To ensure continued illumination for a duration of not less 1213.2 Means of Egress Plans. Approved plans for means of than 11/2 hours in case of primary power loss,the exit signs shall egress shall be posted when required by the chief. additionally be connected to an emergency electrical system pro- vided from storage batteries,unit equipment or an on-site genera- 1213.3 Special Means of Egress Facilities. When special con- tor set and the system shall be installed in accordance with the ditions exist for mean of egress,such as exit access through an ad- Electrical Code.For high-rise buildings,see Section NO TAG of jacent room, exit courts and exterior exits, the means of egress the Building Code. system shall be maintained.When areas in a room are dedicated EXCEPTION:Approved self-luminous signs that provide contin- for means of egress use,the spaces so dedicated shall remain us- uous illumination independent of an external power source. able at all times the building is occupied. 1-53 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1301 ARTICLE 13- EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 1301 —GENERAL EXCEPTION:During severe weather,fire drills may be postponed when approved. 1301.1 Scope. Reporting of emergencies, emergency plans and 2. Extent of evacuation.Fire drills shall include the complete emergency procedures shall be in accordance with Article 13.See evacuation of all persons from the building or portion thereof used also Articles 51,80 and 81. for educational purposes. 1301.2 Definitions. For definitions of ALARM, FALSE EXCEPTION:The staff member responsible for notifying the fire ALARM,and FIRE,see Article 2. department and handling emergency communications. 3. Fire department notification.When required by the chief, the fire department shall be notified prior to each drill. SECTION 1302—REPORTING OF EMERGENCIES 4. Initiation.When a fire alarm system is provided,fire drills AND FALSE ALARMS shall be initiated by activation of the fire alarm system. 1302.1 General. Reporting of fires and hazardous materials re- 1303.3.4 Group I Occupancies. leases shall be in accordance with Section 1302. 1303.3.4.1 Emergency plan. Additional information provided 1302.2 Reporting Emergencies. In the event a fire occurs or the on emergency plans shall include procedures for use of alarms,no- discovery of a fire,smoke or unauthorized release of flammable or tification of occupants and emergency responders in the event of hazardous materials on any property occurs,the owner or occu- alarm system malfunctions,isolating the fire,evacuating each fire pant shall without delay report such condition to the fire depart- area and the building, and relocating nonambulatory persons. ment. Copies of the plan shall be given to all supervisory personnel and a 1302.3 False Alarms. False alarms shall not be given,signaled copy shall be available on the premises to all personnel at all times. or transmitted or caused or permitted to be given, signaled or 1303.3.4.2 Training. transmitted in any manner. 1303.3.4.2.1 General. In addition to other specific duty assign- ments,all employees shall be trained to recognize and respond to SECTION 1303—EMERGENCY PLANS AND fire alarm signals,and to initiate fire alarm signals utilizing both PROCEDURES the fire alarm system and the public address system when pro- vided. 1303.1 General. Emergency plans,staff training and fire drills 1303.3.4.2.2 Training frequency. Employees shall be provided shall be provided in accordance with Section 1303.See also Ap- with refresher training for their assigned duties every six months. pendix I-B. 1303.3.4.3 Fire drills. Fire drills shall be conducted quarterly 1303.2 Implementation. In the event a fire is detected in a for each shift.Fire drills shall be for staff members only.Fire drills building or a fire alarm activates,the emergency plan shall be im- shall be initiated by either the activation of the fire alarm system or plemented. a coded public announcement. 1303.3 Occupancy-based Requirements. 1303.3.4.4 Additional requirements for occupancies with re- 1303.3.1 General. Emergency plans, employee duty assign- strained occupants. ments,employee training and fire drills as specified in Sections 1303.3.4.4.1 Staffing. Group I Occupancies with restrained oc- 1303.4, 1303.5 and 1303.6 shall be provided in Groups A,E,I and cupants shall be staffed at all times. Staff shall be within three Group R,Division 1 Occupancies.Additional requirements shall floors or 300 feet(91 440 min)horizontally to the access door of be as set forth in Sections 1303.3.2 through 1303.3.5. each occupant housing area. When staff is located outside of a locked occupant housing area,the staff shall be able to release all EXCEPTIONS: Group Occupancies used exclusively for locks necessary for emergency evacuation or rescue and initiate religious worship withh an occupant nt load of less than 2,000.2.Group A,Division 3 Occupancies. other actions required by the emergency plan to initiate evacua- 3. Group R,Division 1 Occupancy apartments without full-time tlon within two minutes. staff need only comply with Section 1303.3.5.3. 1303.3.4.4.2 Notification by occupants. Provisions shall be 1303.3.2 Group A Occupancies. Fire drills shall be conducted made so that restrained occupants can notify the staff of an emer- quarterly and shall be for employees only. gency. 1303.3.3 Group E Occupancies. 1303.3.4.4.3 Keys. Keys necessary for the unlocking of exit doors shall be individually identifiable by both sight and touch. 1303.3.3.1 General. Exterior assembly areas shall be desig- 1303.3.5 Group R,Division 1 Occupancies. nated and shall be located away from the building being evacuated and so as to avoid interference with fire department operations. 1303.3.5.1 Fire drills. Fire drills shall be conducted quarterly Exterior assembly areas shall be arranged to keep each evacuated for each shift.Fire drills shall be for staff members only. class or group separated to provide accountability of all individu- als involved in the drill. 1303.3.5.2 Means of egress diagrams. A diagram depicting two evacuation routes shall be posted on or immediately adjacent 1303.3.3.2 Fire drills. Fire drills in Group E Occupancies shall to every required exit door from a sleeping room. be conducted as follows: EXCEPTION: Posting of diagrams is not required in apartment 1. Frequency.Fire drills shall be conducted at least once each buildings. month during school sessions. 1303.3.5.3 Fire emergency guide for apartment buildings. 1-55 1303.3.5.3.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1303.6.4 1303.3.5.3.1 General. A fire emergency guide shall be provided 1303.5 Employee Duties, Assignments and Training. When for apartment buildings which describes the location,function and required by Section 1303.3,all employees shall be assigned duties use of all fire-protection equipment and appliances accessible to for emergencies and shall be trained in their duties in accordance tenants,including fire alarm systems,single-station smoke detec- with Section 1303.5. Training shall include familiarization with tors and portable fire extinguishers.The guide shall also include assigned duties, evacuation routes, areas of refuge, exterior as- an emergency evacuation plan for each dwelling unit. sembly areas and procedures for leading groups or assisting indi- 13033.5.3.2 Review and maintenance of guides. Emergency viduals to evacuate. guides shall be reviewed by the owner or manager at least annually Employees shall be trained to know the locations and proper use and revised whenever changes are made in the occupancy or of portable fire extinguishers. Employees shall be familiar with physical arrangement of the building.Emergency guides and revi- fire alarm signals,when alarms are provided,and emergency ac- sions shall be submitted to the fire department for review when re- tion required under potential emergency conditions. quired by the chief. Employees shall receive training in the emergency plans and 1303.3.5.3.3 Distribution. A copy of the emergency guide shall their duties as part of new employee orientation and at least annu- be given to each tenant prior to the time of initial occupancy. ally thereafter. 1303.3.6 Group R,Division 4 Occupancies. When Appendix 1303.6 Fire Drills. Chapter 3,Division N,of the Building Code is adopted,Group R, Division 4 Occupancies shall comply with all of the emergency 1303.6.1 General. When required by Section 1303.3,fire drills plans and procedures requirements set forth in Section 1303 for a shall be conducted in accordance with Section 1303.6.Fire drills Group I Occupancy. shall be conducted in a manner that provides for execution of pro- 1303.4 Emergency Plans. cedures set forth in the emergency plan. In addition, fire drills shall include a review of the emergency plan and execution of as- 1303.4.1 General. Emergency plans shall include the procedure signed employee duties. for reporting of emergencies and notifying, relocating and eva- When fire drills are conducted, the orderly evacuation of the cuating occupants;staff member duties during emergencies;floor building shall receive priority over the speed of evacuation. plans identifying the locations of portable fire extinguishers,other manual fire-extinguishing equipment,manual fire alarm pull sta- 1303.6.2 Drill participation. When fire drills are conducted,all tions and fire alarm control panels;floor plans identifying the pri- persons who are subject to the fire drill requirements shall partici- mary and secondary routes of evacuation for each room or portion pate in the drill. of the occupancy;floor plans indicating the locations of interior areas of refuge;and site maps identifying the designated exterior 1303.6.3 Drill times and conditions. Fire drills shall be con- assembly area for each evacuation route. ducted at varying times and under varying conditions to simulate 1303.4.2 Review. Emergency plans shall be submitted to the fire conditions that could occur during a fire or other emergency. department for review when required by the chief. 1303.6.4 Records. Records of fire drills shall be maintained on 1303.4.3 Maintenance. Emergency plans shall be reviewed and the premises for review by the fire department.Records shall in- updated annually. Additional reviews and updates shall be pro- clude the date and time of each drill,the person conducting the vided whenever changes are made in the occupancy or physical drill and other information relative to the drill.In Group E Occu- arrangement of the building.Revised plans shall be submitted for pancies,the records shall include the time required to evacuate the review in accordance with Section 1303.4.2. building. 1-56 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 24 PART IV SPECIAL OCCUPANCY USES ARTICLE 24- AVIATION FACILITIES SECTION 2401 -GENERAL 2401.11 Hazardous Material Storage. Hazardous materials shall be stored in accordance with Article 80. 2401.1 Scope.Airports,heliports,helistops and aircraft hangars shall be in accordance with Article 24. SECTION 2402-AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE 2401.2 Definitions. 2402.1 Transferring Flammable and Combustible Liquids. AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA(AOA)is any area used or Flammable and combustible liquids shall not be dispensed into or intended for use for the parking,taxiing,takeoff,landing or other removed from a container,tank, vehicle or aircraft except in ap- ground-based aircraft activity. proved locations. AIRPORT is an area of land or structural surface which is used, 2402.2 Application of Flammable and Combustible Liquid or intended for use,for the landing and taking-off of aircraft with Finishes.The application of Class I or Class II liquid finishes is an overall length greater than 39 feet(11 887 mm)and an overall prohibited unless all of the following conditions are met: exterior width greater than 6.6 feet(2012 mm),and any appurte- 1.The application of the liquid finish is accomplished in an ap- nant areas which are used or intended for use for airport buildings proved location,and and other airport facilities. 2. The application methods and procedures are in accordance HELIPORT is an area of land or water or a structural surface with Article 45. that is used,or intended for use,for the landing and taking-off of helicopters,and any appurtenant areas which are used,or intended 2402.3 Cleaning Parts. Class I-A liquids shall not be used to for use,for heliport buildings and other heliport facilities. clean aircraft,aircraft parts or aircraft engines.For cleaning with HELISTOP is the same as heliport,except that no fueling,de- other flammable and combustible liquids, see Section 7903.2.2. fueling, maintenance, repairs or storage of helicopters is per- 2402.4 Spills. mitted. 2402.4.1 General.This section pertains to spills of flammable and 2401.3 Permits. For permits to operate aircraft refueling ve- combustible liquids as well as other hazardous materials. See also hicles, application of flammable or combustible finishes, and Section 2404.11. welding or cutting,see Section 105,Permits a.2,h.3,or s.1. 2402.4.2 Cessation of work.All activities in the affected area not 2401.4 Regulations Not Covered.Regulations not specifically related to the mitigation of the spill shall cease until the spilled ma- contained herein pertaining to airports,aircraft maintenance,air- terial has been removed or the hazard is mitigated. craft hangars and appurtenant operations shall be in accordance 2402.4.3 Vehicle movement.Aircraft or other vehicles shall not with UFC Standards 24-1 and 24-2. be moved through the spill area until the spilled material has been removed and the hazard mitigated. 2401.5 Sources of Ignition.Open flames, flame-producing de- vices and other sources of ignition shall not be permitted in a han- 2402.4.4 Mitigation. Spills shall be reported, documented and gar,except in approved locations or in any location within 50 feet mitigated in accordance with the provisions of this article and Ar- (15 240 mm)of an aircraft fueling operation. ticle 80. 2401.6 Smoking.Smoking shall be prohibited in aircraft refuel- 2402.5 Running Engines.Aircraft engines shall not be run in air- ing vehicles,aircraft hangars and aircraft operation areas used for craft hangars except in approved engine test areas. cleaning, paint removal, painting operations or fueling. NO 2402.6 Open Flame. Repairing of aircraft requiring the use of SMOKING signs shall be provided in accordance with Section open flames, spark-producing devices or the heating of parts 1109.4.1. above 500OF(260°C) shall only be done outdoors or in an area EXCEPTION:Designated and approved smoking areas. conforming with the Building Code for a Group H,Division 5 Oc- 2401.7 Housekeeping.The AOA and related areas shall be kept cupancy. free of combustible debris at all times. SECTION 2403- PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 2401.8 Fire Department Access. Fire lanes and access roads 2403.1 General. Portable fire extinguishers suitable for flam- shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Article 9. mable or combustible liquid and electrical-type fires shall be pro- Fire lanes,access roads and aircraft parking positions shall be de- vided as specified in Section 2403 and UFC Standard 10-1. All signed in a manner so as to preclude the possibility of fire vehicles extinguishers required by this section shall be inspected and main- traveling under any portion of a parked aircraft. tained in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1. 2401.9 Dispensing Flammable and Combustible Liquids.Dis- 2403.2 On Towing Vehicles. Vehicles used for towing aircraft pensing,transferring and storage of flammable and combustible shall be equipped with at least one listed fire extinguisher having a liquids shall be in accordance with this article and Article 79. minimum rating of 20-B:C in accordance with UFC Standard 2401.10 Combustible Storage.Combustible materials stored in 10-1. aircraft hangars shall be stored in approved locations and contain- 2403.3 On Welding Apparatus. Welding apparatus shall be ers. equipped with at least one listed fire extinguisher having a mini- 1-57 ARTICLE 24 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2401.2 mum rating of 2-A:10-B:C in accordance with UFC Standard If such transfer apparatus is operated by an individual unit of the 10-1, internal combustion motor type,such power unit shall be located as remotely as practicable from pumps,piping,meters,air elimi- 2403.4 On Aircraft Fuel-servicing Tank Vehicles.Aircraft fuel nators, water separators, hose reels, and similar equipment, and servicing tank vehicles shall be equipped with at least two listed shall be housed in a separate compartment from any of the afore- fire extinguishers,each having a minimum rating of 20-B:C in ac- mentioned items.The fuel tanks in connection therewith shall be cordance with UFC Standard 10-1. A fire extinguisher shall be suitably designed and installed,and the maximum capacity shall readily accessible from either side of the vehicle. not exceed 5 U.S.gallons(18.9 L)when such tank is installed on 2403.5 On Hydrant Fuel-servicing Vehicles.Hydrant fuel ser- any such engine in any compartment housing any such engine. vicing vehicles shall be equipped with at least one listed fire extin- The exhaust pipe,muffler and tail pipe shall be shielded. guisher having a minimum rating of 20-B:C in accordance with If operated by gears or chains, the gears, chains, shafts,bear- UFC Standard 10-1. ings,housing and all parts thereof shall be of an approved design and shall be installed and maintained in a workmanlike manner. 2403.6 At Fuel-dispensing Stations.Portable fire extinguishers Flexible connections for the purpose of eliminating vibration at fuel-dispensing stations shall be located such that pumps or dis- pensers are not more than 75 feet(22 860 mm)from one such ex- are allowed if the material used therein is designed,installed and tinguisher.Fire extinguishers shall be provided as follows: maintained in an approved manner,provided such connections do not exceed 24 inches(610 mm)in length. 1.When the open-hose discharge capacity of the fueling system 2404.3.3 Pumps.Pumps of a positive displacement type shall be is not more than 200 gallons per minute (757 L/m), at least two provided with a bypass relief valve set w a pressure u not more listed extinguishers having a minimum rating of 20-B:C,in accor- than 35 percent in excess of the normal working pressure of such dance with UFC Standard 10-1,shall be provided. unit. Such units shall be equipped and maintained with a pressure 2.When the open-hose discharge capacity of the fueling system gage on the discharge side of the pump. is more than 200 gallons per minute(757 L/m)but not over 350 gallons per minute(1325 L/m),at least one listed wheeled extin- 2404.3.4 Dispensing hoses and nozzles.Hoses shall be designed guisher having a minimum rating of 80-B:C,in accordance with for the transferring of hydrocarbon liquids. UFC Standard 10-1, and having a minimum capacity of 125 Hoses shall not be any longer than necessary to provide efficient pounds (57 kg)of agent,shall be provided. fuel transfer operations.Hoses shall be equipped with an approved 3.When the open-hose discharge capacity of the fueling system shutoff nozzle.Fuel transfer nozzles shall be of self-closing type, is more than 350 gallons per minute(1325 Urn),at least two listed designed to be actuated by hand pressure only.Notches and other wheeled extinguishers having a minimum rating of SO-B:C each, devices shall not be used for holding a nozzle valve handle in the in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1,and having a minimum open position. Nozzles shall be equipped with a bonding cable capacity of 125 pounds(57 kg)of agent each, shall be provided. complete with proper attachment for aircraft to be serviced. 2404.3.5 Protection of electrical equipment. Electric wiring, 2403.7 Fire Extinguisher Access. switches,lights and other sources of ignition, when located in a 2403.7.1 General.Fire extinguishers required by provisions of compartment housing piping,pumps,air eliminators,water sepa- this article shall be accessible at all times.Where necessary,provi- rators,hose reels or similar equipment, shall be enclosed in a va- sions shall be made to clear accumulations of snow,ice and other por-tight housing. Electrical motors located in such a forms of weather-induced obstructions. compartment shall be of a type approved for use as specified in the Electrical Code. 2403.7.2 Cabinets.Cabinets and enclosed compartments used to 2404.3.6 Venting of equipment compartments.Compartments house fire extinguishers shall be clearly marked with the words housing piping,pumps,air eliminators,water separators,hose re- "Fire Extinguisher"in letters at least 2 inches(51 mm)high.These els and similar equipment shall be adequately ventilated at floor cabinets shall be readily accessible at all times. level or within the floor itself. 2403.8 Reporting Use.Use of any fire extinguisher under any cir- 2404.3.7 Accessory equipment.Ladders,hose reels and similar cumstances shall be reported to the manager of the airport and the accessory equipment shall be of an approved type and constructed chief immediately after use. substantially as follows: 1.Ladders constructed of noncombustible material are allowed SECTION 2404—AIRCRAFT FUELING to be used with or attached to aircraft fueling vehicles,provided the manner of attachment or use of such ladders is approved and 2404.1 Aircraft Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations.Air- does not constitute an additional fire or accident hazard in the op- craft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accordance eration of such fueling vehicles. with Article 52. 2.Hose reels used in connection with fueling vehicles shall be 2404.2 Airport Fuel Systems.Airport fuel systems shall be de- constructed of noncombustible materials and shall be provided signed and constructed in accordance with UFC Standard 24-1. With a packing gland or other device that will preclude fuel leak- age between reels and fuel manifolds. 2404.3 Construction of Aircraft Fueling Vehicles and Accesso- 2404.3.8 Electrical bonding provisions. ries. 2404.3.8.1 General.Transfer apparatus shall be metallically in- 24043.1 General. Aircraft fueling vehicles shall be in com- terconnected with tanks,chassis,axles and springs of aircraft fuel- pliance with Section 2404 and shall be designed and constructed ing vehicles. in accordance with UFC Standards 24-1 and 79-4. 2404.3.8.2 Bonding cables.Aircraft fueling vehicles shall be pro- 2404.3.2 Transfer apparatus.Aircraft fueling vehicles shall be vided and maintained with a substantial heavy-duty electrical equipped and maintained with an approved transfer apparatus. cable of sufficient length to be bonded to the aircraft to be ser- 1-58 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 24 2401.2 viced. Such cable shall be metallically connected to the transfer 2404.5.2 Electrical bonding. apparatus or chassis of the aircraft fueling vehicle on one end and 2404.5.2.1 General.Aircraft fueling vehicles shall be electrically shall be provided with a suitable metal clamp on the other end,to bonded to the aircraft being fueled or defueled.Bonding connec- be fixed to the aircraft. tions shall be made prior to making any fueling connections and The bond cable shall be bare or have a transparent protective shall not be disconnected until the fuel transfer operations are sleeve and be stored on a reel or in a compartment provided for no completed and the fueling connections have been removed. other purpose.It shall be carried in such a manner that it will not be When a hydrant service vehicle or cart is used for fueling,the subjected to sharp kinks or accidental breakage under conditions hydrant coupler shall be connected to the hydrant system prior to of general use. bonding the fueling equipment to the aircraft. 2404.3.9 Smoking.Smoking in aircraft fueling vehicles is prohib- 2404.5.2.2 Conductive hose.In addition to the bonding cable re- ited.Signs to this effect shall be conspicuously posted in the driv- quired in Section 2404.5.2.1,conductive hose shall be used for all er's compartment of all fueling vehicles. fueling operations. 2404.3.10 Smoking equipment. Smoking equipment, such as 2404.5.2.3 Bonding conductors on transfer nozzles. Transfer cigarette lighters and ash trays, shall not be provided in aircraft nozzles shall be equipped with approved bonding conductors that fueling vehicles. shall be clipped or otherwise positively engaged with the bonding 2404.4 Operation,Maintenance and Use of Aircraft Fueling attachment provided on the aircraft adjacent to the fuel tank cap Vehicles. prior to removal of the cap. EXCEPTION:In the case of overwing fueling where no appropri- 2404.4.1 General.The operation,maintenance and use of aircraft ate bonding attachment adjacent to the fuel fill port has been provided fueling vehicles shall be in accordance with Section 2404.4 and on the aircraft,the fueling operator shall touch the fuel tank cap with other applicable provisions of this article. the nozzle spout prior to removal of the cap.The nozzle shall be kept in contact with the fill port until fueling is completed. 2404.4.2 Proper maintenance.Aircraft fueling vehicles and all 2404.5.2.4 Funnels.Where required,metal funnels may he used related equipment shall be properly maintained and kept in good during fueling operations.Direct contact between the fueling re- repair.Accumulations of oil,grease,fuel and other flammable or ceptacle,the funnel and the fueling nozzle must be maintained at combustible materials is prohibited.Maintenance and servicing of all times during the fueling operation. such equipment shall be accomplished in approved areas. 2404.5.31raining. 2404.4.3 Vehicle integrity.Tanks,pipes,hoses,valves and other 2404.5.3.1 fuel-delivery equipment shall be maintained leak-free at all times. Qualified operators. Aircraft fueling vehicles shall be attended and operated only by persons instructed in methods of 2404.4.4 Removal from service.Aircraft fueling vehicles and re- proper use and operation and who are qualified to use such fueling lated equipment that are in violation of Section 2404.4.2 or vehicles in accordance with minimum safety requ'rements. 2404.4.3 shall be immediately defueled and removed from ser- 2404.5.3.2 Fueling hazards. Fuel-servicing personnel shall vice.This equipment shall not be returned to service until proper know and understand the hazards associated with each type of fuel repairs have been made. dispensed by the airport fueling system operator. 2404.4.4 Operators. Aircraft fueling vehicles that are operated 2404.5.3.3 Fire safety training. by a person,firm or corporation other than the permittee or the per- mittee's authorized employee shall be provided with a legible sign 2404.5.3.3.1 Employees.All employees of fuel agents who fuel visible from outside the vehicle showing the name of the person, aircraft, accept fuel shipments or otherwise handle fuel shall re- firm or corporation operating such unit. ceive approved training on fire safety. 2404.5 Fueling and Defueling. 2404.5.3.3.2 Fire extinguisher training.Fuel-servicing person- nel shall be trained in the use of the available fire extinguishing 2404.5.1 Positioning of aircraft fuel servicing vehicles. equipment they might be expected to use. 2404.5.1.1 Aircraft egress.Aircraft fueling vehicles shall not be 2404.5.3.3.3 Documentation.The airport fueling-system opera- located,parked or permitted to stand in a position where such unit for shall maintain records of all training administered to its em- would obstruct egress from an aircraft should fire occur during ployees. These records shall be made available to the chief upon fuel transfer operations.In addition,tank vehicles shall not be lo- request. cated, parked or permitted to stand under any portion of an air- 2404.5.4 Transfer personnel.During fuel-transfer operations,a craft, qualified person shall be in control of each transfer nozzle and 2404.5.1.2 Fueling vehicle egress. A clear path shall be main- another qualified person shall be in immediate control of the fuel- tained for aircraft fueling vehicles to provide for prompt and time- pumping equipment to shut off or otherwise control the flow of ly egress from the fueling area. fuel from the time fueling operations are begun until they are com- pleted. 2404.5.1.3 Aircraft vent openings. A clear space of at least 10 EXCEPTION:For underwing refueling,the person stationed at the feet(3048 mm)shall be maintained between aircraft fuel-system point of fuel intake is not required. vent openings and any part or portion of an aircraft fueling vehicle. The fueling operator shall monitor the panel of the fueling 2404.5.1.4 Parking.Prior to leaving the cab,the aircraft fueling equipment and the aircraft control panel during pressure fueling or vehicle operator shall ensure that the parking brake has been set. shall monitor the fill port during overwing fueling. At least two chock blocks not less than 5 inches by 5 inches by 12 2404.5.5 Fuel flow control.Fuel flow control valves shall be op- inches(127 mm by 127 mm by 304.8 mm)in size and dished to fit erable only by the direct hand pressure of the operator.Removal of the contour of the tires shall be utilized and positioned in such a the operator's hand pressure shall cause an immediate cessation of manner as to preclude movement of the vehicle in any direction. the flow of fuel. 1-59 ARTICLE 24 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2401.2 2404.6 Emergency Fuel-Shutoff. vices shall not be connected to or disconnected from an aircraft at any time fueling operations are in progress on such aircraft. 2404.6.1 Accessibility.Emergency fuel-shutoff controls shall be readily accessible at all times when the fueling system is being op- 2404.11 Prevention and Control of Fuel Spills. erated. 2404.11.1 Maintenance of fuel-servicing equipment.Fuel-ser- 2404.6.2 Notification of the fire department.The fueling-sys- vicing equipment shall comply with the requirements of this ar- tem operator shall establish a procedure by which the fire depart- ticle and be maintained in safe operating condition. Leaking or ment will be notified in the event of an activation of an emergency malfunctioning equipment shall be removed from service. fuel-shutoff control. 2404.11.2 Transporting fuel nozzles.Fuel nozzles shall be car- 2404.6.3 Determining cause.Prior to reestablishment of normal ried utilizing appropriate handles. Fuel nozzles shall not be fuel flow,the cause of any and all fuel shutoff conditions shall be dragged along the ground. determined and corrected. 2404.11.3 Drum fueling.Fueling from drums or other containers having a capacity greater than 5 gallons(18.9 L)shall be accom- 2404.6.4 Testing.Emergency fuel-shutoff devices shall be opera- plished with the use of an approved pump. tionally tested at intervals not exceeding three months. Suitable records of these tests shall be maintained by the fueling-system 2404.11.4 Fuel spill procedures. The fueling-system operator operator. shall establish procedures to follow in the event of a fuel spill. These procedures shall be comprehensive and shall provide for at 2404.7 Protection of Hoses.Before an aircraft fueling vehicle is least all of the following: moved, fuel transfer hoses shall be properly placed on the ap- 1.Upon observation of a fuel spill,the aircraft fueling operator proved reel or in the compartment provided,or stored on the top shall immediately stop the delivery of fuel by releasing hand pres- decking of the fueling vehicle if proper height rail is provided sure from the fuel flow control valve. for security and protection of such equipment.Fuel transfer hose shall not be looped or draped over any part of the fueling vehicle, 2.Failure of the fuel control valve to stop the continued spillage except as herein provided.Fuel transfer hose shall not be dragged of fuel shall be cause for the activation of the appropriate emer- when such fueling vehicle is moved from one fueling position to gency fuel shut-off device. another. 3.A supervisor for the fueling-system operator shall respond to 2404.8 Loading and Unloading.Aircraft fueling vehicles shall the fuel spill area immediately. be loaded only at an approved loading rack. Such loading racks 2404.11.5 Notification of the fire department.The fire depart- shall be in accordance with Section 7904.5.2. ment shall be notified of any fuel spill that is considered a hazard EXCEPTIONS: 1.Aircraft refueling units may be loaded from the to people or property or that meets one or more of the following fuel tanks of an aircraft during defueling operations. criteria: 2.Fuel transfer between tank vehicles may be performed in com- 1.Any dimension of the spill is greater than 10 feet(3048 mm). pliance with Section 7904.5 when the operation is at least 200 feet(60 2.The spill area is greater than 50 square feet(4.64 m2). 960 mm)from an aircraft. The fuel cargo of such units shall be unloaded only by approved 3.The fuel flow is continuous in nature. transfer apparatus into the fuel tanks of aircraft,underground stor- An investigation shall be conducted by the fueling-system oper- age tanks or approved gravity storage tanks. ator of all spills requiring notification of the fire department.This uel tr investigation shall provide conclusive proof of the cause and veri- f Passengers.Passenger traffic is allowed during the time fication of the appropriate use of emergency procedures.If it is de- fuel transfer operations are in progress, provided the following termined that corrective measures are necessary to prevent future provisions are strictly enforced by the owner of such aircraft or the incidents of the same nature,they shall be implemented immedi- ately. 1. Smoking and producing an open flame in the cabin of the air- 2404.11.6 Multiple fuel delivery vehicles. Simultaneous deliv- craft or on the outside thereof within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of such ery of fuel from more than one aircraft fueling vehicle to a single aircraft shall be prohibited.A qualified employee of the aircraft aircraft fueling manifold is prohibited unless proper backflow pre- owner shall be responsible for seeing that the passengers are not vention devices are installed to prevent fuel flow into the tank ve- allowed to smoke when remaining aboard the aircraft or while go- hicles. ing across the ramp from the gate to such aircraft,or vice versa. 2.Passengers shall not be permitted to linger about the plane, 2404.12 Operation of Aircraft Engines and Heaters. but shall proceed directly between the loading gate and the air- 2404.12.1 General.Fuel servicing shall not be performed on a craft. fixed-wing aircraft while an onboard,propulsion engine is operat- 3.Passenger loading stands or walkways shall be left in loading ing. position until all fuel transfer operations are completed. EXCEPTION:In an emergency resulting from the failure of an on- board auxiliary power unit on a jet aircraft and in the absence of suit- 4.Fuel-transfer operations shall not be performed on the main able ground support equipment,a jet engine mounted at the rear of the exit side of any aircraft containing passengers except when the aircraft or on the wing on the side opposite from the fueling point may owner of such aircraft or a capable and qualified employee of such be operated during fueling to provide power,provided that the opera- owner shall remain inside the aircraft to direct and assist the es- tion follows approved written procedures. cape of such passengers through regular and emergency exits in 2404.12.2 Combustion heaters.Fuel servicing shall not be per- the event fire should occur during such fuel transfer operations. formed on an aircraft while any on-board combustion heating 2404.10 Sources of Ignition. Smoking and producing open equipment is operating. flames within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of a point where fuel is being 2404.13 Internal Combustion Engine Equipment around Air- transferred shall be prohibited. Electrical and motor-driven de- craft other than Aircraft Fuel-servicing Vehicles. 1-60 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLES 24-36 2401.2 2404.13.1 General. During aircraft fueling operations,only the 2404.17.3 Fire-equipment access.Access for fire service equip- equipment actively involved in the fueling operation will be al- ment to aircraft shall be maintained during fuel-servicing opera- lowed within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of the aircraft being fueled.Oth- tions. er equipment shall be prohibited in this area until the fueling 2404.18 Defueling Operations.The requirements for fueling op- operation is complete. erations contained in this article shall also apply to aircraft defuel- EXCEPTION:This restriction does not apply to aircraft fueling ing operations.Additional procedures shall be established by the operations utilizing single-point-refueling with a sealed,mechanically fueling-system operator to prevent overfilling of the tank vehicle locked fuel line connection and the fuel is not a Class I liquid. used in the defueling operation. A clear space of at least 10 feet(3048 mm)shall be maintained between aircraft fuel-system vent openings and any part or portion 2404.19 Maintenance of Aircraft Fueling Hose. of any aircraft servicing vehicle or equipment. 2404.19.1 Inspections.Hoses used to fuel and defuel aircraft shall 2404.13.2 Overwing fueling.No vehicles or equipment shall be be inspected periodically to ensure its serviceability and suitabil- positioned under the trailing edge of the wing when aircraft fuel- ity for continued service.The fuel service operator shall maintain ing takes place over the wing and the aircraft fuel system vents are records of all tests and inspections performed on fueling hoses. located on the upper wing surface. Hoses found to be defective or otherwise damaged shall be imme- diately removed from service. 2404.14 Electrical Equipment. 2404.19.1.1 Daily inspection.Each hose shall be inspected daily. 2404.14.1 General. Electrical equipment, such as battery char- This inspection shall include a complete visual scan of the exterior gers,ground or auxiliary power units,fans,compressors or tools, for evidence of damage,blistering or leakage.Each coupling shall shall not be operated,nor shall they be connected or disconnected be inspected for evidence of leaks,slippage or misalignment. from their power source during fuel-service operations. 2404.19.1.2 Monthly inspection. A more thorough inspection, 2404.14.2 Other equipment.No electrical or other spark-pro- including pressure testing,shall be accomplished for each hose on ducing equipment shall be used within 10 feet(3048 mm)of fuel- a monthly basis. This inspection will include examination of the ing equipment,aircraft fill or vent points,or spill areas unless that fuel delivery inlet screen for rubber particles,which will indicate equipment is intrinsically safe and approved for use in an explo- problems with the hose lining. sive atmosphere. 2404.19.2 Damaged hose.Any hose that has been subjected to se- 2404.15 Open Flames on Aircraft Fuel-servicing Ramps. vere abuse shall be immediately removed from service.Any such 2404.15.1 Where prohibited.Open flames and open-flame de- hoses shall be hydrostatically tested prior to returning it to service. vices are prohibited within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of any aircraft 2404.19.3 Repairing hose.Hoses may be repaired by removing fuel-servicing operation or fueling equipment. the damaged portion and recoupling the undamaged end. When recoupling hoses,only couplings designed and approved for the 2404.15.2 Other areas.The chief may establish other locations size and type of hose in question shall be used.Hoses repaired in where open flames and open-flame devices shall be prohibited. this manner must be visually inspected and hydrostatically tested 2404.15.3 Matches and lighters.Personnel assigned to and en- prior to being placed back in service. gaged in fuel-servicing operations shall not carry matches or light- 2404.19.4 New hose.New hose shall be visually inspected prior to ers on or about their person.Matches or lighters are not permitted being placed into service. in,on or about aircraft fueling equipment. 2404.16 Lightning Precautions.The chief may require the air- 2404.20 Parking for Aircraft Fuel-servicing Vehicles. port authority and the fueling-system operator to establish written 2404.20.1 General. Unattended aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles procedures to follow when lightning flashes are detected on or shall be parked in areas that provide for unencumbered dispersal near the airport. These procedures shall establish criteria for the of the vehicles in the event of an emergency and control of any suspension and resumption of aircraft fueling operations. leakage such that adjacent buildings and storm drains are not con- 2404.17 Aircraft Fuel-servicing Locations. taminated by leaking fuel. 2404.20.2 Additional provisions for tank vehicles. Parking 2404.17.1 General.Aircraft fuel-transfer operations shall be pro- areas for tank vehicles shall be designed and utilized such that a hibited indoors. clearance of 10 feet (3048 mm) is maintained between each EXCEPTION:In Group H,Division 5 Occupancies,aircraft fuel- parked vehicle for fire department access.In addition,a minimum transfer operations may be permitted: clearance of 50 feet (15 240 mm) shall be maintained between 1.Where necessary to accomplish aircraft fuel-system mainte- tank vehicles and parked aircraft and structures other than those nance operations. Such operations shall be performed in accor- used for the maintenance and garaging of aircraft fuel-servicing dance with nationally recognized standards,or vehicles. 2. Where the fuel being used has a flash point greater than 2404.21 Loading of Aircraft Fuel-servicing Tank Vehicles. 100°F(37.8°C). Loading of aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles shall be in accor- dance with Section 7904.5. 2404.17.2 Position of aircraft. Aircraft being fueled shall be positioned such that any fuel system vents and other fuel tank 2404.22 Radar Equipment. openings are a minimum of: 2404.22.1 Fueling prohibited.Aircraft fuel-servicing operations 1.25 feet(7620 mm)from buildings or structures other than jet shall not be permitted for any aircraft while the weather-mapping bridges,and radar of that aircraft is operating. 2.50 feet(15 240 mm)from air intake vents for boiler,heater or Aircraft fuel servicing or other operations in which flammable incinerator rooms. liquids, vapors or mists may be present shall not be conducted 1-61 2401.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2401.2 within 300 feet(91 440 mm)of an operating aircraft surveillance 2405.3 Class I and II Liquid Spillage.Landing areas on struc- radar. tures shall be so maintained as to confine Class I and II liquid spill- Aircraft fuel servicing shall not be conducted within 300 feet age to the landing area itself,and provisions shall be made to drain such spillage away from any exit or stairway serving the helicop- ter 440 mm)of airport flight traffic surveillance radar equipment. ter landing area or from a structure housing such exit or stairway. Aircraft fuel servicing or other operations in which flammable 2405.4 Exits.Exits and stairways shall be maintained in accor- liquids, vapors or mists may be present shall not be conducted dance with Article 12.Landing areas located on buildings or struc- within 100 feet(30 480 mm)of airport ground traffic surveillance tures shall have two or more exits.For landing platforms or roof radar equipment. areas less than 60 feet(18 288 mm)in length or less than 2,000 2404.22.2 Direction of radar beams.The beam from ground ra- square feet(185.8 m2)in area,the second exit is allowed to be a dar equipment shall not be directed toward fuel storage or loading fire escape or ladder leading to the floor below. racks. 24055 Standpipe Systems.When a building with a rooftop helis- EXCEPTIONS:1.Fuel storage and loading racks in excess of 300 top or heliport is equipped with a standpipe system, the system feet(91 440 mm)from airport flight traffic surveillance radar equip- shall be extended to the roof level on which the helistop or heliport ment. is located.All portions of the helistop and heliport area shall be 2.Fuel storage and loading racks in excess of 100 feet(30 480 mm) within 150 feet(45 720 mm)of a 21/2-inch(63.5 mm)outlet on a from airport ground traffic surveillance radar equipment. Class I or III standpipe. 2405.6 Foam Protection.Foam fire-protection capabilities shall SECTION 2405—HELISTOPS AND HELIPORTS be provided for rooftop heliports. 2405.7 Fire Extinguishers.At least one fire extinguisher having a 2405.1 General.Helistops and heliports shall be maintained in minimum 80-B:C rating shall be provided for each permanent accordance with Section 2405. Helistops and heliports on build- take-off and landing area and for the aircraft parking areas.Instal- ings shall be constructed in accordance with the Building Code. lation,inspection and maintenance of these extinguishers shall be 2405.2 Clearances.The touchdown area shall be surrounded on in compliance with UFC Standard 10-1. all sides by a clear area having minimum average width at roof 2405.8 Federal Approval.Before operating helicopters from he- level of 15 feet (4572 mm) but no width less than 5 feet (1524 listops and heliports,approval shall be obtained from the Federal mm).The clear area shall be maintained. Aviation Administration. 1-62 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2501 ARTICLE 25- PLACES OF ASSEMBLY SECTION 2501 -GENERAL 2501.8.2 Panic hardware. Exit doors from Group A Occupan- B cies shall not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic B 2501.1 Scope. Places of assembly,including Group A Occupan- hardware. B cies, reviewing stands, grandstands,bleachers, folding and tele- B scoping seating, and outdoor carnivals and fairs, shall be in EXCEPTIONS: 1.In Group A,Division 3 Occupancies and in all g churches,panic hardware may be omitted from the main exit when the 8 accordance with Article 25. main exit consists of a single door or pair of doors.A key-locking de- B 2501.2 Definitions. For definitions of ASSEMBLY;BLEACH- vice may be used in place of the panic hardware,provided there is a B readily visible durable sign adjacent to the doorway stating THIS B ERS; DISPERSAL AREA, SAFE; FOLDING AND TELE- DOOR MUST REMAIN UNLOCKED DURING BUSINESS B SCOPING SEATING; FOOTBOARDS; GRANDSTANDS; HOURS.The sign shall be in letters not less than 1 inch(25.4 mm)high B OPEN-AIR GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS; PER- on a contrasting background.When unlocked,the single door or both B MANENT STANDS; REVIEWING STANDS; SMOKE-PRO- leaves of a pair of doors must be free to swing without operation of any B TECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING and TEMPORARY SEATING latching device.When a pair of doors is installed,one leaf shall have B no locking devices whatsoever,and the second leaf shall be arranged e FACILITIES, See Article 2. to latch or lock into the frame and into the first leaf in such a manner B 2501.3 Permits and Plans. For permits to operate a place of as- that a single unlocking action will unlock both leaves simultaneously. B Flush,edge or surface bolts or any other type of device that may be used B sembly, operate a carnival or fair, use liquid- or gas-fueled ve- to close or restrain the door other than by operation of the locking de- B hicles or equipment for competition or display inside an assembly vice is prohibited.The use of this exception may be revoked by the B occupancy,or use candles or other open-flame devices in assem- building official for due cause. B bl areas see Section 105,Permits c.1,c.2,1.2 and .2. 8 Y P 2.Panic hardware may be waived on gates surrounding stadiums B when the gates are under constant immediate supervision while the B Plans of carnival and fair grounds shall be submitted when re- B public is present and provided safe dispersal areas based on 3 square B quired by the chief. feet(0.28 m2)per occupant are located between the stadium and the B fence.Gates may be horizontal sliding or swinging and may exceed the B 2501.4 Supervision and Communication System. 4-foot-width(1219 mm)limitation.The required dispersal area shall B be located not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from the stadium g 2501.4.1 Supervision. Places of assembly shall be under the B constant supervision of a competent adult on the premises during 2501.9 Aisles. B the time that the premises are open to the public. B 2501.9.1 General. Aisles leading to required exits shall be pro- 2501.4.2 Communication.When required by the chief,places of vided from all portions of buildings.Aisles located within an ac- assembly shall be provided with a method for notifying the fire de- cessible route of travel shall also comply with the Building Code partment in the event of an emergency.Such method can consist of for accessibility. a telephone,an alarm system connected to the fire department or B other approved agency,or other approved means.Methods of noti- 2501.9.2 Width without fixed seats. The width of aisles in as- B fying the fire department shall be readily available to the public. sembly occupancies without fixed seats shall comply with Section B 2501.9.2. Aisle widths shall be provided in accordance with the B 2501.5 Decorative Materials. Combustible decorative materi- following: B als shall be in accordance with Section 1103.3.3. 1. In areas serving employees only,the minimum aisle width B 2501.6 Pyroxylin-coated Fabrics. Pyroxylin-coated fabrics may 24 inches(610 mm)but not less than the width required by B used as a decorative material in accordance with Section 2501.6 or the number of employees served. B B a surface covering on fixed furnishings,shall be limited in amount 2. In assembly occupancies without fixed seats, the minimum a to the following: clear aisle width shall be 36 inches(914 mm)where seats,tables, B 1. Fabrics containing 1.4 ounces to 1.7 ounces of cellulose ni- counters,furnishings,displays and similar fixtures or equipment B trate per square yard(47.59 g/m2 to 57.6 g/m2)shall not be used in are placed on one side of the aisle only and 44 inches(1118 MM) B when such fixtures or equipment are placed on both sides of the B excess of a total amount equivalent to 1 square foot of fabric sur- aisle e . face to 15 cubic feet of room volume(0.22 m2/m3). B 8 2. Fabrics containing 1.7 ounces or more of cellulose nitrate 2501.9.3 Width with fixed seats. Aisles in assembly occupan- B per square yard(57.6 g/m2)shall not be used in excess of a total cies with fixed seats shall comply with Section 2501.9.3.The clear B amount equivalent to 0.5 square feet of fabric surface to 15 cubic width of aisles shall be based on the number of occupants within B feet of room volume(0.11 m2/m3). the portion of the seating areas served by the aisle. B e 3. Measurement can be accomplished by folding a piece to five The minimum clear width of aisles and other means of egress B thicknesses and measuring to see if the thickness of five layers ex- shall be in accordance with Table 2501-A or,for buildings provid- B ceeds 1/8 inch(3.2 mm). ing smoke-protected assembly seating and for which an approved B life-safety evaluation is conducted, in accordance with Table B 2501.7 Motion Picture Screens. In places of assembly,motion 2501-B.For Table 2501-B,the number of seats specified must be B picture screens or screen masking shall be in accordance with Sec- within a single assembly place, and interpolation shall be per- B tion 2501.5. mitted between the specified values shown. For both tables, the B minimum clear widths shown shall be modified in accordance B 2501.8 Exit Doors. with the following: B 8 2501.8.1 General. Exit doors shall comply with Sections 1207 1. FactorA:If risers exceed 7 inches(178 mm)in height,mul- B and 2501.8. tipsy the stair width in the tables by factor A,where: B 1-63 2501.9.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2501.10.2 B (riser height — 7.0 inches) exceed 3/16 inch(4.8 mm).A contrasting marking stripe or other B B = 1 5 approved marking shall be provided on each tread at the nosing or B A + B leading edge such that the location of each tread is readily appar- B B For SI: (riser height — 178 mm) ent when viewed in descent.Such stripe shall be a minimum of 1 B B A = 1 + 127 inch(25.4 mm)wide and a maximum of 2 inches(51 mm)wide. B B EXCEPTION: When the slope of aisle steps and the adjoining B B 2. Factor B:Stairs not having a handrail within a 30-inch(760 seating area is the same,the riser heights may be increased to a maxi- B Bmm)horizontal distance shall be 25 percent wider than otherwise mum of 9 inches(229 mm)and may be nonuniform but only to the ex- B B calculated.Multiply by factor B, where B= 1.25. tent necessitated by changes in the slope of the adjoining seating area B S to maintain adequate sightlines.Variations may exceed 3/16 inch(4.8 B B 3. Factor C:Ramps steeper than 1 unit vertical in 10 units hori- mm)between adjacent risers provided the exact location of such varia- B B zontal (10%slope)where used in ascent shall be 10 percent wider tions is identified with a marking stripe on each tread at the nosing or B B than otherwise calculated.Multiply by factor C, where C= 1.10. leading edge adjacent to the nonuniform riser.The marking stripe shall B B be distinctively different from the contrasting marking stripe. B B Where egress is possible in two directions, the width of such B aisles shall be uniform throughout their length. 2501.9.7 Handrails. Handrails shall comply with the height, B size and shape dimensions set forth in the Building Code and shall B When aisles converge to form a single path of exit travel,the have rounded terminations or bends.Ramped aisles having a slope B aisle width shall not be less than the combined required width of steeper than 1 unit vertical in 15 units horizontal(6.7%slope)and B the converging aisle. aisle stairs(two or more adjacent steps)shall have handrails lo- B In assembly rooms with fixed seats arranged in rows,the clear cated either at the side or within the aisle width. Handrails may B width of aisles shall not be less than set forth above and not less project into the required aisle width a distance of 31/2 inches(89 B than the following: mm). BForty-eight inches(1219 mm)for stairs having seating on both EXCEPTIONS: 1. Handrails may be omitted on ramped aisles B B sides. having a slope not greater than I unit vertical in 8 units horizontal B B (12.5%slope)when fixed seating is on both sides of the aisle. B B B Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for stairs having seating on one 2.Handrails may be omitted when a guardrail is at the side of an aisle B Bside. which conforms to the size and shape requirements for handrails. B BTwenty-three inches (584 mm) between a stair handrail and Handrails located within the aisle width shall be discontinuous B Bseating when the aisles are subdivided by the handrail. with gaps or breaks at intervals not to exceed five rows.These B B gaps or breaks shall have a clear width of not less than 22 inches B B Forty-two inches(1067 mm)for level or ramped aisles having (559 mm)and not more than 36 inches(914 mm)measured hori- B Bseating on both sides. zontally. Such handrails shall have an additional intermediate B B Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for level or ramped aisles having handrail located 12 inches(305 mm)below the main handrail. B B seatingon one side. B B 2501.10 Seating. B B Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between a stair handrail and B B seating when an aisle does not serve more than five rows on one 2501.10.1 Spacing. When seating rows have 14 or less seats,the B B side. minimum clear width between rows shall not be less than 12 inch- B B es(305 mm)measured as the clear horizontal distance from the B B 2501.9.4 Aisle termination. Aisles shall terminate at a cross back of the row ahead and the nearest projection of the row behind. B B aisle,foyer,doorway or vomitory.Aisles shall not have a dead end Where seats are automatic or self-rising, measurement may be B B greater than 20 feet(6096 mm)in length. made with the seats in the raised position.Where seats are not au- B B EXCEPTION: A longer dead-end aisle is permitted when seats tomatic or self-rising,the minimum clear width shall be measured B B served by the dead-end aisle are not more than 24 seats from an with the seat in the down position. B B aisle measured along a row of seats having a minimum clear width of The clear width shall be increased as follows: B B12 inches(305 mm)plus 0.6 inch(15 mm)for each additional seat B B above seven in a row. 1. For rows of seating served by aisles or doorways at both ends, B B Each end of a cross aisle shall terminate at an aisle,foyer,door- there shall be no more than 100 seats per row and the minimum B Bay or vomitory. clear width of 12 inches(305 mm)between rows shall be increased B B by 0.3 inch(7.62 mm)for every additional seat beyond 14,but the B B 2501.9.5 Ramp slope. The slope of ramped aisles shall not be minimum clear width need not exceed 22 inches(559 mm).If the B B more than 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal (12.5% slope). aisles are dead ended,see Section 2501.9.4 for further limitations. B B Ramped aisles shall have a slip-resistant surface. B B 2. For rows of seating served by an aisle or a doorway at one end B B 2501.9.6 Aisle steps. only, the minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm)between B B rows shall be increased by 0.6 inch(15 m)for every additional B m B 2501.9.6.1 When prohibited. Steps shall not be used in aisles seat beyond seven,but the minimum clear width need not exceed B B having a slope of 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal(12.5%slope) 22 inches(559 mm).In addition,the distance to the point where the B B or less. occupant has a choice of two directions of travel to an exit shall not B B 2501.9.6.2 When required. Aisles with a slope steeper than exceed 30 feet(9144 mm)from the point where the occupant is B B 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal(12.5%slope)shall consist of seated. B B a series of risers and treads extending across the entire width of the 2501.10.2 Bonding of chairs. Loose seats, folding chairs or B B aisle. similar seating facilities that are not fixed to the floor shall be B B The height of risers shall not be more than 7 inches(178 mm)or bonded together in groups of three or more. B B less than 4 inches 102 mm and the tread run shall not be less than B ( ) EXCEPTIONS: 1.When not more than 300 such seats,chairs or B B 11 inches(279 mm).The riser height shall be uniform within each facilities are provided,bonding is not required. B B flight and the tread run shall be uniform throughout the aisle.Vari- 2.The bonding of chairs is not required when tables are provided, g B ations in run or height between adjacent treads or risers shall not as when the occupancy is used for dining or similar purposes. B 1-64 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2501.10.2-2501.18 TABLE 2501-A,TABLE 2501-B When bonding of chairs is required,aisles and exits shall be pro- 2501.16.2 Determination of occupant load. The number of vided as required by Section 2501.9.3. persons in a building or portion thereof shall not exceed the amount determined as specified in the Building Code,except that 2501.10.3 Bleacher seats and grandstands. Bleacher seats and where such additional exit facilities are provided the occupant reviewing stands shall be in accordance with Sections 2502 load can be increased by not more than 10 percent, when ap- and 2503. proved,without being considered overcrowding. 2501.11 Use of Exit Ways. Interior and exterior stairways,smo- 2501.16.3 Overcrowding. Overcrowding and admittance of keproof enclosures,hallways,corridors,vestibules,balconies and persons beyond the approved capacity of a place of assembly are bridges leading to a stairway or an exit shall not be used in any way prohibited. The chief,upon finding overcrowding conditions or that will obstruct their use as an exit or that will present a hazard- obstructions in aisles,passageways or other means of egress, or ous condition. upon finding a condition which constitutes a serious menace to 2501.12 Ashtrays. Where smoking is allowed, approved non- life, is authorized to cause the performance,presentation, spec- combustible ashtrays or match receivers shall be provided on each tacle or entertainment to be stopped until such condition or ob- table and at other convenient places. struction is corrected. 2501.13 Fire Appliances. Fire appliances shall be kept in prop- 2501.17 Candles and other open-flame devices. Candles and er working condition. Extinguishers and hose and similar ap- other open-flame devices shall not be used in places of assembly pliances shall be visible and accessible at all times.It shall be the or in drinking or dining establishments. duty of the owner and the occupant of each building or part of a EXCEPTIONS: 1.When used in conjunction with approved heat- building occupied as a place of assembly to properly train suffi- ing or cooking appliances in areas not accessible to the public. cient regular employees in the use of fire appliances.See also Sec- 2.When used in conformance with Section 1109.8. tion 1303.5. 3.When used in conformance with Section 8203.2.1.8. 2501.14 Plan of Exit Ways and Aisles. When required by the 2501.18 Standby Personnel. When,in the opinion of the chief, chief, a plan indicating the seating arrangements, location and it is essential for public safety in a place of assembly or any other width of exit ways and aisles shall be submitted for approval,and place where people congregate,due to the number of persons,or an approved copy of the plan shall be kept on display on the prem- the nature of the performance,exhibition,display,contest or activ- ises. ity,the owner,agent or lessee shall employ one or more qualified persons, as required and approved, to be on duty at such place. 2501.15 Marking and Lighting of Exits. Exits in places of as- Such individuals shall be subject to the chief's orders at all times sembly shall be identified and lighted in accordance with Sections when so employed and shall be in uniform and remain on duty dur- 1211 and 1212. ing the times such places are open to the public,or when such ac- B 2501.16 Maximum Occupant Load. tivity is being conducted.Before each performance or the start of such activity, such individuals shall inspect the required fire ap- e2501.16.1 Posting of room capacity. Any room having an oc- pliances provided to see that they are in proper place and in good B cupant load of 50 or more where fixed seats are not installed,and working order,and shall keep diligent watch for fires during the B which is used for assembly purposes,shall have the capacity of the time such place is open to the public or such activity is being con- 5 room posted in a conspicuous place on an approved sign near the ducted and take prompt measures for extinguishment of fires that B main exit from the room.Such sign shall be maintained legible by may occur. Such individuals shall not be required or permitted, B the owner or the owner's authorized agent and shall indicate the while on duty,to perform any other duties than those herein speci- B number of occupants permitted for each room use. fied. B TABLE 2501-A—MINIMUM WIDTH OF AISLES AND OTHER MEANS OF EGRESS IN ASSEMBLY B OCCUPANCIES WITHOUT SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING1 B B CLEAR WIDTH PER SEAT SERVED IN INCHES B B Stabs Passageway,Ramps and Doorways B B NUMBER OF SEATS x 25.4 for mm B Unlimited 0.300 x A x B x 0 0.220 x C x 0 B r See Section 2501.9.3 for determining factors A,B and C.0=occupant load. B B B TABLE 2501-B—MINIMUM WIDTH OF AISLES AND OTHER MEANS OF EGRESS IN ASSEMBLY B OCCUPANCIES WITH SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING1 B B CLEAR WIDTH PER SEAT SERVED IN INCHES B B Stairs Passageways,Ramps and Doorways B NUMBER OF SEATS2 x 25.4 for mm B B 2,000 0.300xAxBxO 0.220xCx0 B B 5,000 0.200xAxBx0 0.150xCx0 B B 10,000 0.130xAxBx0 0.100xCx0 B B 15,000 0.096xAxBx0 0.070xCx0 B 20,000 0.076xAxBx0 0.056xCx0 B B 25,000 or more 0.060 x A x B x 0 0.044 x C x 0 B t See Section 2501.9.3 for determining factors A,B and C.0=occupant load. B 21nterpolation between the number of seats listed is allowed with a corresponding interpolation between the widths shown. e B 1-65 2502 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2502.4.9 SECTION 2502—REVIEWING STANDS, quired widths determined in accordance with the Building Code B GRANDSTANDS, BLEACHERS AND FOLDING AND and Section 2502.4.4.3. B TELESCOPING SEATING 2502.4.5 Cross aisles and vomitories. Cross aisles and vomito- 2502.1 General. Reviewing stands,grandstands,bleachers,and ties shall not be less than 54 inches(1372 mm)in clear width and folding and telescoping seating shall be in accordance with Sec- shall extend to an exit, enclosed stairway or exterior perimeter tion 2502. ramp. Except for temporary seating facilities,the required width for cross aisles shall equal the greatest of three minimum required 2502.2 Height of Reviewing Stands,Grandstands,Bleachers, widths determined in accordance with the Building Code require- and Folding and Telescoping Seating. The height of reviewing ments for exits and aisles. stands,grandstands,bleachers,and folding and telescoping seat- ing shall be in accordance with the Building Code. 2502.4.E Stairways and ramps. Except as otherwise provided in Section 2502.4.6,grandstands,bleachers,and folding and tele- 2502.3 Design Requirements. Reviewing stands, grandstands scoping seating shall comply with other applicable sections of the and bleachers shall be designed in accordance with the Building Building Code for exits. Stairways and ramps shall have a maxi- Code. mum rise and run as provided in the Building Code,except those within the seating facility which serve as aisles at right angles to 2502.4 General Requirements. the rows of seats where the rise shall not exceed 8 inches (203 2502.4.1 Row spacing. There shall be a clear space of not less mm).When an aisle terminates at an elevation more than 8 inches than 12 inches(305 mm)measured horizontally between the back (203 mm)above grade or floor below,the aisle shall be provided or backrest of each seat and the front of the seat immediately be- with a stairway or ramp which width is not less than the width of hind it. The minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from the aisle. back to back shall be: Stairways and ramps shall have handrails as provided in the 1. Twenty-two inches(559 mm)for seats without backrests. Building Code, except stairways within the seating facility which serve as aisles at right angles where handrails shall be provided at 2. Thirty inches (762 mm)for seats with backrests. one side or along the center line. A minimum clear width of 3. Thirty-three inches(838 mm)for chair seating. 48 inches (1219 mm) between seats shall be provided for aisle stairways having center-aisle handrails.When there is seating on 2502.4.2 Rise between rows. The maximum rise from one row both sides of the aisle,handrails shall be discontinuous with open- of seats to the next shall not exceed 16 inches(406 mm)unless the ings at intervals not exceeding five rows for access to seating.The seat spacing from back to back measured horizontally is opening shall have a clear width of at least 22 inches(559 mm)and 40 inches(1016 mm)or more. not greater than 36 inches (914 mm)measured horizontally, and EXCEPTION: When automatic- or self-rising seats are the handrail shall have rounded terminations.When handrails are installed,the rise between rows may be increased to 24 inches provided in the middle of the aisle stairs,there shall be an addition- (610 mm)with the horizontal spacing back to back of 33 inches al intermediate rail located approximately 12 inches(305 mm)be- (838 mm). low the top of the handrail. EXCEPTION:Temporary seating facility stairways within 2502.4.3 Seating capacity determination. When bench-type the seating area which serve as aisles at right angles need not seating is used,the number of seats shall be based on one person be provided with handrails. for each 18 inches(457 mm)of length of the bench. 2502.4.7 Guardrails. Perimeter guardrails or enclosing walls or 2502.4.4 Aisles. fencing shall be provided for all portions of elevated seating facili- 2502.4.4.1 Aisles required. Aisles shall be provided in all seat- ties which are more than 30 inches(762 mm)above grade or floor. ing facilities except that aisles may be omitted when all of the fol- Construction of guardrails shall comply with the Building Code. Guardrails shall be 42 inches(1067 mm)above the rear of a seat lowing conditions exist: board or 42 inches(1067 mm)above the rear of the steps in an aisle 1. Seats are without backrests, when the guardrail is parallel and adjacent to the aisle. 2. The rise from row to row does not exceed 6 inches(154 mm) EXCEPTION: Guardrails at the front of the front row of per row, seats, which are not located at the end of an aisle and where there is no cross aisle,may have a height of 26 inches(660 mm) 3. The row spacing does not exceed 28 inches(71 I mm)unless and need not meet the 4-inch-maximum(102 mm)spacing spe- the seatboards and footboards are at the same elevation, cified in the Building Code; however, a midrail shall be 4. The number of rows does not exceed 16 in height, installed. 5. The first seating board is not more than 12 inches(305 mm) The open vertical space between footboards and seats shall not above grade, exceed 9 inches (228.6 mm) when footboards are more than 30 6. Seatboards are continuous flat surfaces,and inches (762 mm)above grade. 7. Seatboards provide a walking surface with a minimum width 2502.4.8 Toeboards. A 4-inch-high (102 mm) vertical barrier of 11 inches(279 mm). shall be installed along the edge of walking platforms whenever guardrails are required. 2502A.4.2 Obstructions. No obstruction shall be placed in the EXCEPTION:Toeboards shall not be required at the ends required width of any aisle or exitway. of footboards. 2502.4.4.3 Width. Aisles serving seats on both sides shall have 2502.4.9 Footboards. Footboards shall be provided for all rows a minimum width of 44 inches(1118 mm).When serving seats on of seats above the third row or beginning at such a point where the only one side,the aisle shall have a minimum width of 36 inches seat is more than 2 feet(610 mm)above the grade or floor below. (914 mm). Except for temporary seating facilities, the required When the same platform is used for both seating and footrests, width for aisles shall equal the greater of the two minimum re- footrests are not required,provided each level or platform is not 1-66 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2502.4.9 2505.2.2 less than 24 inches (610 mm)wide. When aisles are required by 2503.2 Ground Seats. When more than 500 loose chairs are Section 2502.4.4,footboards not less than 18 inches(457 mm)in used in connection with athletic events,chairs shall be fastened to- width shall be installed between each row of seats. gether in groups of not less than three and shall be tied or staked to B the ground. 2502.5 Grandstands,Bleachers,and Folding and Telescoping Seating within Buildings. Except as otherwise provided in Sec- tions 2502.5 and 2502.6,grandstands,bleachers,and folding and SECTION 2504—OUTDOOR CARNIVALS AND FAIRS telescoping seating within a building shall comply with the other 2504.1 General. The grounds of carnivals and fairs,including applicable sections of the Building Code. concession booths,shall be in accordance with Section 2504. BEXCEPTIONS: 1.When seats are without backrests,there may be B nine seats between any seat and an aisle. 2504.2 Grounds. B 2.When seats are without backrests,dead ends in vertical 2504.2.1 General. Grounds shall be in accordance with Sec- B aisles shall not exceed a depth of 16 rows. tion 2504.2. B B 2502.6 Open-air Grandstands, Bleachers, and Folding and 2504.2.2 Access. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided B Telescoping Seating. in accordance with Section 3205. B 2502.6.1 General. Except as otherwise provided in Sections 2504.2.3 Fire appliances. 2502.6.2 through 2502.6.10,open-air grandstands,bleachers,and 2504.2.3.1 General. Fire appliances shall be provided for the folding and telescoping seating shall comply with the other appli- cable requirements for exits in the Building Code. entire midway,as required by the chief. B 2504.2.3.2 Location. Maximum travel distance to a portable B 2502.6.2 Number of seats between aisles. The number of seats fire extinguisher shall not exceed 75 feet(22 860 mm). B between any seat and an aisle shall not be greater than 20 when the B seats are without backrests and nine if the seats have backrests. 2504.2.4 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipment and B installations shall comply with the Electrical Code. B 2502.6.3 Dead ends. Dead ends in vertical aisles shall not ex- B ceed a depth of 16 rows for permanent grandstands and 26 rows for 2504.3 Concession Stands. B temporary grandstands. 2504.3.1 General. Concession stands shall be in accordance B2502.6.4 Distance to exit. The line of travel from any seat to a with Section 2504.3. B safe dispersal area exit ramp,enclosed stairway or vomitory shall 2504.3.2 Location. Concession stands utilized for cooking shall B not be more than 200 feet(60 960 mm).When the seats have no have a minimum of 10 feet(3048 mm)of clearance on two sides B backrests,the distance may be a direct line measurement. and shall not be located within 10 feet(3048 mm)of amusement B 2502.6.5 Safe dispersal area. Each safe dispersal area shall rides or devices. B have a minimum of two exits.If more than 6,000 persons are to be 2504.3.3 Fire extinguishers. A 40-B:C-rated dry chemical fire B accommodated within a dispersal area,there shall be a minimum extinguisher shall be provided where deep-fat fryers are used. B of three exits and for more than 9,000 persons there shall be at least B four exits.The aggregate clear width of exits from a safe dispersal 2504.4 Internal Combustion Power Sources. B area shall be determined on the basis of not less than one exit unit B of 22 inches(559 mm)for each 500 persons to be accommodated, 2504.4.1 General. Internal combustion power sources,includ- B ing motor vehicles,generators and similar equipment,shall be in B and no exit shall be less than 44 inches(1118 mm)in width. accordance with Section 2504.4. B2502.6.6 Two exits required. Two exits shall be provided from 2504.4.2 Fueling. Fuel tanks shall be of adequate capacity to B every facility which accommodates more than 300 persons. permit uninterrupted operation during normal operating hours. B2502.6.7 Three exits required. Three exits shall be required Refueling shall be conducted only when the ride is not in use. B when a facility or section thereof accommodates more than 1,000 2504.4.3 Protection. Internal combustion power sources shall Bpersons. be isolated from contact with the public by either physical guards, B fencing or an enclosure. B 2502.6.8 Four exits required. Four exits shall be required when B a facility or section thereof accommodates more than 3,000 per- 2504.4.4 Fire extinguishers. A minimum of one fire extin- Bsons. guisher with a rating of not less than 2-A:10-B:C shall be pro- B 2502.6.9 Determination of exit width. The total width of exits vided. B in feet(mm)shall not be less than the total occupant load served B divided by 150(0.492)when exiting by stairs and divided by 200 SECTION 2505—LIQUID AND GAS—FUELD B (0.656)when exiting by ramps,corridors,tunnels or vomitories. VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT B B 2502.6.10 Minimum exit width. Exits shall not be less than 2505.1 General. Liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles and equip- B 42 inches(1067 mm)in width. ment used for display, competition or demonstration within as- sembly occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 2505. SECTION 2503—SECURING OF CHAIRS 2505.2 Displays. 2503.1 Raised Stands. Chairs and benches used on raised 2505.2.1 General. Display of liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles stands shall be secured to the platforms upon which they are and equipment inside an assembly occupancy shall be in accor- placed. dance with Section 2505.2. EXCEPTION: When less than 25 chairs are used upon a single 2505.2.2 Batteries. Batteries shall be disconnected in an ap- raised platform,the fastening of seats to the platform is not required. proved manner. 1-67 2505.2.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2505.3.4 2505.2.3 Fuel systems. 2505.3 Competitions and Demonstrations. 2505.2.3.1 Fueling. Vehicles or equipment shall not be fueled or defueled within the building. 2505.3.1 General. Liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles and equip- ment used for competition or demonstration within an assembly 2505.2.3.2 Quantity limit. Fuel in the fuel tank shall not exceed occupancy shall be in accordance with Section 2505.3. one quarter of the tank capacity or 5 gallons(18.9 L),whichever is less. 2505.3.2 Fuel storage. Fuel for the vehicles or equipment shall 2505.2.3.3 Inspection. Fuel systems shall be inspected for be stored in approved containers in an approved location outside leaks. of the building. 2505.2.3.4 Closure. Fuel-tank openings shall be locked and 2505.3.3 Fueling. Refueling shall be performed outside of the sealed to prevent the escape of vapors. building at an approved site. 2505.2.4 Location. The location of vehicles or equipment shall not obstruct or block means of egress. 2505.3.4 Spills. Fuel spills shall be cleaned up immediately. 1-68 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2601 ARTICLE 26 This article deleted in its entirety 1-69 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2701 ARTICLE 27-CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (PYROXYLIN), STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION 2701 —SCOPE 2. Cabinets in any one workroom shall not contain more than Cellulose nitrate storage and handling shall be in accordance with 1,000 pounds(453.6 kg)of raw material. Each cabinet shall not contain more than 500 pounds (226.8 kg). Each compartment Article 27. shall not contain more than 250 pounds(113.4 kg). 3. Raw material in excess of that allowed by Item 2 above shall SECTION 2702—DEFINITIONS be kept in vented vaults not exceeding 1,500-cubic-foot capacity For the definition of CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS (Py- (42.5 m3), with one approved automatic sprinkler head to each roxylin), see Article 2. 125 cubic feet(3.5 m3)of total vault space,and with construction and venting in conformance with nationally recognized standards and as approved. SECTION 2703—PERMITS 4. Cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)shall not be stored with- For permits to store,handle,manufacture or assemble articles of in 2 feet(610 mm)of heat-producing appliances,steam pipes,ra- cellulose nitrate, see Section 105,Permit c.4. diators or chimneys. 5. In factories manufacturing articles of cellulose nitrate plas- SECTION 2704—DISPLAY OF PLASTICS tics (pyroxylin), such approved sprinklered and vented cabinets, vaults or storage rooms,shall be provided as are necessary to pre- 2704.1 General. Displays of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxy- vent the accumulation in workrooms of raw stock in process or lin)articles in stores shall be in show cases or show windows ex- finished articles. cept as set forth in Section 2704.2. 6. In the workrooms of cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)fac- 2704.2 Display on Tables and Counters, tories, operators shall not be stationed closer together than 2704.2.1 General. Articles are allowed to be placed on tables 3 feet(914 mm),and the amount of material per operator shall not less than 3 feet(914 mm)wide and 10 feet(3048 mm)long.Tables exceed one-half day's supply and shall be limited to the capacity shall be spaced at least 3 feet(914 mm)apart.Where articles are of three tote boxes,including material awaiting removal or use. displayed on counters,they shall be arranged in like manner. 7. Waste cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)materials such as shavings,chips,turnings,sawdust edgings and trimmings shall be 2704.2.2 Combustible storage. Spaces underneath tables shall kept under water in metal receptacles until removed from the be kept free of storage of any kind and of accumulations of paper, premises. refuse and other combustible material. 2704.2.3 Location. Sales or display tables shall be so located SECTION 2706— FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT that in the event of a fire at the table,the table will not interfere with free means of egress from the room,in at least one direction. The manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate plastic 2704.3 Lighting. Lighting shall not be located directly above (Pyroxylin)in quantities exceeding 100 pounds(45.4 kg)shall be cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)material,unless provided with located in a building or portion thereof equipped with an approved a suitable guard to prevent heated particles from falling. automatic sprinkler system. SECTION 2705—STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION 2707—SOURCES OF IGNITION Raw cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) material in a factory 2707.1 General. Sources of ignition shall not be located in building shall be kept and handled as follows: rooms in which cellulose nitrate plastic(pyroxylin)in excess of 1. Where raw material in excess of 25 pounds(11.3 kg)is re- 25 pounds(11.3 kg)is handled or stored. ceived in a building or fire area,an approved vented cabinet or ap- 2707.2 Heating. Rooms in which cellulose nitrate plastic (py- proved vented vault equipped with an approved automatic fire roxylin)in excess of 25 pounds(11.3 kg)is handled or stored shall sprinkler system shall be provided for the storage of the material. be heated by low-pressure steam or hot-water radiators. 1-71 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2801-2807 ARTICLE 28-STORAGE AND HANDLING OF COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS SECTION 2801 —SCOPE bustible material extending from floor to a height of at least 1 foot (305 mm)above the highest point of piles and projecting at least 1 Storage and handling of combustible fibers shall be in accordance foot(305 mm)beyond the sides of the piles. with Article 28. 2805.2 Location. Sisal and other fibers in bales bound with SECTION 2802—DEFINITIONS combustible tie ropes, also jute and other fibers liable to swell when wet,shall be stored to allow for expansion in any direction For definitions of COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS; COMBUSTIBLE without endangering building walls,floors,ceilings or columns. FIBER STORAGE BINS;COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE Not less than 3-foot (914 mm) clearance shall be left between ROOMS; COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, PRO- walls and sides of piles,except that if storage compartment is not TECTED; and COMBUSTIBLE FIBER STORAGE VAULT, more than 30 feet(9144 mm)in width, 18-inch(457 mm)clear- UNPROTECTED, see Article 2. ance at side walls will be sufficient,provided a center aisle not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)is maintained. SECTION 2803—PERMITS 2805.3 Clearance. A clearance of not less than 3 feet(914 mm) shall be maintained between sprinkler heads and the tops of piles. For permits to store or handle combustible fibers,see Section 105, Permit c.5. EXCEPTION: A permit is not required for exterior storage of hay, SECTION 2806—STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL straw and similar agricultural materials. PRODUCTS Hay, straw and other similar agricultural products shall not be SECTION 2804—LOOSE STORAGE stored adjacent to buildings or combustible material unless a cleared horizontal distance equal to the height of pile is main- Combustible fibers not in suitable bales or packages shall be tained between such storage and combustible material and build- stored in accordance with Table 2804-A. ings. EXCEPTION: Amounts not exceeding 2,500 cubic feet(70.8 m3) Storage shall be limited to stacks of 100 tons(90 718.5 kg)each. of loose fibers are allowed to be stored in a detached"loose house"suit- ably located, with opening properly protected against entrance of Either an approved one-hour occupancy separation constructed as sparks.The loose house shall be used for no other purpose. specified in the Building Code or a clear space of 20 feet(6096 mm)shall be maintained between such stacks. SECTION 2805—BALED STORAGE 2805.1 General. A single block or pile shall not contain more SECTION 2807—DUST-COLLECTING SYSTEM than 25,000 cubic feet (708 m3) of fiber exclusive of aisles or Equipment or machinery within a building which generates or clearances.Blocks or piles of baled fiber shall be separated from emits combustible fibers shall be provided with an approved dust- adjacent storage by aisles not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)wide,or collecting and exhaust system.See Article 76 and the Mechanical by flash-fire barriers consisting of continuous sheets of noncom- Code. TABLE 2804-A—STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS AMOUNT OF MATERIAL (cubic feet) x 0.028 for m3 METHOD OF STORAGE 0-100 Combustible fiber storage bin More than 100-500 Combustible fiber storage room More than 500-1,000 Unprotected combustible fiber storage vault More than 1,000 Protected combustible fiber storage vault 1-73 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2901 ARTICLE 29- REPAIR GARAGES SECTION 2901 -GENERAL 2902.2.2 Mixed liquids. Containers and tanks containing a mixture of fuel and lubricating oil shall be stored and handled in 2901.1 Scope. Repair garages used for service or repair of mo- accordance with the requirements of Article 79 for Class I liquids. for vehicles shall be in accordance with Article 29.Repair garages for vehicles which use more than one type of fuel shall comply 2902.3 Storage and Handling of LP-gas. LP-gas storage and with the applicable sections of Article 29 for each type of fuel handling shall be in accordance with Article 82. used. 2902.4 Sources of Ignition. Sources of ignition shall not be 2901.2 Permits. For permits to use a structure as a place of busi- within 18 inches(457.2 mm)of the floor. ness for the purpose of servicing or repairing motor vehicles,see 2902.5 Ventilation. Section 105.8,Permit r.3.The permit shall identify the fuel types of vehicles allowed to be repaired. 2902.5.1 Buildings with basements or pits. When Class I liq- uids or LP-gas are stored or used within a building having a base- 2901.3 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. ment or pit where flammable vapors could accumulate, the 2901.3.1 General. Storage, use and handling of flammable or basement or pit shall be provided with ventilation designed to pre- combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79 and vent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. Sections 2901.3 and 2902.2. 2902.5.2 Additional design requirements. For repair garages 2901.3.2 Tank spill control. Spill control for tanks shall be pro- where compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas vided in accordance with Section 7901.8. (LNG)or hydrogen are also present,the ventilation system shall also comply with Section 2903.2. 2901.4 Dispensing Inside of Buildings. Dispensing of motor- EXCEPTION:Repair garages where no work is performed on the vehicle fuels shall be in accordance with Article 52.Dispensing fuel system and is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance requir- of hydrogen as a motor-vehicle fuel shall be in accordance with ing no open flame or welding. Articles 74 and 80. 2902.6 Preparation of Vehicles for Repair. For vehicles 2901.5 Ventilation. Ventilation shall comply with the Building fueled by LP-gas,the fuel shut-off valves shall be closed prior to Code, Mechanical Code, and Article 29. repairing any portion of the vehicle fuel system. 2901.6 Liquids Drained from Vehicles. SECTION 2903- REPAIR GARAGES FOR NATURAL 2901.6.1 Motor-vehicle fuel. Motor-vehicle fuel shall not be GAS AND HYDROGEN-FUELED VEHICLES drained in Group S,Division 3 Occupancies. 2903.1 Applicability. Repair garages for the conversion and re- 2901.6.2 Lubricating oil. Lubricating oil which has been pair of vehicles which use CNG,LNG or hydrogen as a motor-ve- drained from motor vehicles shall be stored and handled as re- hicle fuel shall be in accordance with Section 2903. quired for Class III-B liquids in accordance with Article 79. EXCEPTION:Repair garages where no work is performed on the fuel system and is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance requir- 2901.6.3 Tank-drainage lines. Tank-drainage lines terminat- ing no open flame or welding. ing inside a building shall be equipped with a nonremoveable- 2903.2 Ventilation. type cap,such as a hinged cap. 2903.2.1 General. Repair garages used for the repair of natural 2901.7 Sources of Ignition. gas- or hydrogen-fueled vehicles shall be provided with an ap- 2901.7.1 Smoking. Smoking and open flames shall be prohib- proved mechanical ventilation system. The mechanical ventila- ited in areas used for servicing motor vehicles. tion system shall be in accordance with the Mechanical Code and Section 2903.2. 2901.7.2 Welding. Welding operations shall be conducted only EXCEPTION:Repair garages with natural ventilation when ap- in Group H,Division 4 Occupancies,and shall be in accordance proved. with Article 49. 2903.2.2 Design. The mechanical ventilation system shall ex- 2901.7.3 Oily waste materials. Oily rags and similar waste ma- haust a minimum of 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot(5.1 terials shall be stored in metal,metal-lined or other approved con- L/s per m2)of repair garage space.Exhaust inlet openings shall be tainers equipped with tightfitting covers. located within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the highest point in the ga- rage in the exterior walls or roof.Make-up air inlet openings shall be located within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the floor.Exhaust duct SECTION 2902- REPAIR GARAGES openings shall be located to effectively remove flammable vapor FORLIOUID-FUELED AND LPG-FUELED VEHICLES accumulations from all parts of the repair area.Exhaust discharge shall be directed to a safe location outside of the building.The me- 2902.1 Applicability. Repair garages used for service or repair chanical ventilation system shall be independent of the heating of motor vehicles fueled by gasoline,diesel,methanol or similar and air conditioning systems. liquid fuels or LP-gas shall be in accordance with Section 2902. 2903.2.3 Additional design requirements. For repair garages 2902.2 Storage and Handling of Liquids. where LNG,LP-gas or liquid fuels are also present,exhaust inlets 2902.2.1 Motor-vehicle fuel. Liquids drained from motor-ve- shall also be within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the floor. hicle fuel tanks shall be stored and handled as required for Class I 2903.2.4 Buildings with basements or pits. When LNG ve- liquids in accordance with Article 79. hicles are converted or repaired within a building having a base- 1-75 2903.2.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2903.4.2 ment or pit where flammable vapors could accumulate, the brication or chassis repair pits of repair garages used for repairing basement or pit shall be provided with ventilation designed to pre- LNG-fueled vehicles. vent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. 2903.3.3 Operation. Activation of the gas detection system 2903.2.5 Operation. The mechanical ventilation system shall shall result in the following: operate continuously. 1. Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm signals in the EXCEPTIONS:1.Mechanical ventilation systems that are inter- repair garage, locked with a gas detection system designed in accordance with Sec- 2.Deactivation of all heating systems located in the repair ga- tions 2903.3.2,2903.3.3 and 2903.3.4. rage, and 2.Mechanical ventilation systems provided in repair garages that are not used for repair or LNG-or hydrogen-fueled vehicles and that 3. Activation of the mechanical ventilation system. have a ventilation system which is electrically interlocked with the 2903.3.4 Failure of the gas detection system. Failure of the gas lighting circuit. detection system shall result in the deactivation of the heating 2903.3 Gas-detection System. system and activation of the mechanical ventilation system. 2903.3.1 When required. Repair garages used for repair of hy- 2903.4 Preparation of Vehicles for Repair. drogen or LNG-fueled vehicles shall be provided with an ap- 2903.4.1 Fuel shutoff valves. Vehicle fuel shutoff valves shall proved flammable gas-detection system. be closed prior to repairing any portion of the vehicle fuel system. 2903.3.2 System design. The flammable gas-detection system 2903.4.2 Damaged vehicles. Vehicles fueled by LNG or hydro- shall be calibrated to the types of fuels or gases used by vehicles to gen which may have sustained damage to the fuel system shall be be repaired. The gas detection system shall be designed to acti- inspected and evaluated for fuel system integrity prior to being vate when the level of flammable gas exceeds 25 percent of the brought into the repair garage.The inspection shall include test- lower explosive limit.Gas detection shall also be provided in lu- ing of the entire fuel delivery system using a gas detector. 1-76 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3001 ARTICLE 30-WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION 3001 -SCOPE 3004.5 Fire Alarms. The storage,manufacturing and processing of timber,lumber,ply- 3004.5.1 Transmission of alarms. An approved means for wood, veneers and by-products shall be in accordance with Ar- transmitting alarms to the fire department shall be provided in tim- ticle 30. ber and lumber production mills and plywood and veneer mills. 3004.5.2 Manual fire alarm. A manual fire alarm system con- SECTION 3002-DEFINITIONS forming to Section 1006 shall be installed in areas of timber and lumber production mills and for plywood and veneer mills which 3002.1 General. For definitions of APPROVED, CHIPS and contain product dryers or other significant ignition sources as des- COMBUSTIBLE DUST,see Article 2. ignated by the chief and shall be in accordance with Section 1006. 3002.2 Limited Application. For the purpose of Article 30,cer- EXCEPTION:When dryers or other sources of ignition are pro- tain terms are defined as follows: tected by monitored fire sprinkler systems,a manual fire alarm system is not required. FINES are small pieces or splinters of wood by-products that 3004.6 End Stops. Log and pole piles shall be stabilized by an will pass through a 0.25-inch(6.4 mm)screen. approved means to ensure pile stability. PLYWOOD AND VENEER MILLS are facilities that pro- cess raw wood products into finished wood products that include SECTION 3005-LOG STORAGE AREAS waferboard, oriented strandboard, fiberboard, composite wood panels and plywood. 3005.1 General. Log storage areas shall be in accordance with RAW PRODUCT is a mixture of natural materials such as tree, Section 3005. brush trimmings,or waste logs and stumps. 3005.2 Cold Decking. Cold decks shall not exceed 500 feet STATIC PILES are piles in which processed product is (152.4 m)in length,300 feet(91.4 m)in width and 20 feet(6096 mounded and is not being turned or moved. mm)in height.Cold decks shall be separated from adjacent cold decks or other exposures by a minimum of 100 feet(30 480 mm). TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES EXCEPTION: The size of cold decks protected by special fire are facilities that process raw wood products into finished wood protection in accordance with Section 1001.9 may be increased.Exam- products. ples of such special fire protection include additional fire flow,portable turrets and deluge sets,and hydrant hose houses equipped with ap- proved firefighting equipment capable of reaching the entire storage SECTION 3003-PERMITS area. For permits for wood product storage, see Section 105, SECTION 3006-STORAGE OF WOOD CHIPS AND Permit w.1. HOGGED MATERIAL IN ASSOCIATION WITH TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES SECTION 3004-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3006.1 General. The storage of wood chips and hogged materi- 3004.1 Open Yards. Open yards required by the Building Code als in association with timber and lumber production facilities shall be maintained around structures. shall be in accordance with Section 3006. 3004.2 Dust Control. Equipment or machinery located inside 3006.2 Size of Piles. Piles shall not exceed 60 feet(18 288 mm) buildings which generates or emits combustible dust shall be pro- in height, 300 feet (91.4 m)in width and 500 feet(152.4 m)in vided with an approved dust-collection and exhaust system length.Piles shall be separated from adjacent piles or other expo- installed in conformance with Article 76 and the Mechanical sures by fire department access roadways. Code. Equipment or systems that are used to collect,process or EXCEPTION:The size of piles protected by special fire protection convey combustible dusts shall be provided with an approved ex- in accordance with Section 1001.9 may be increased. plosion-control system. 3006.3 Pile Fire Protection. Automatic sprinkler protection 3004.3 Waste Removal. Sawmills, planning mills and other shall be provided in conveyor tunnels and combustible enclosures that pass under a pile.Combustible or enclosed conveyor systems woodworking plants shall be equipped with awaste-removal sys- shall be protected by automatic sprinkler protection. tem which will collect and remove sawdust and shavings. Such systems shall be installed in accordance with Article 76 and the 3006.4 Material-handling Equipment. Approved material- Mechanical Code. handling equipment shall be readily available for moving wood 3004.4 Fire Apparatus Access Roads. chips and hogged material. 3006.5 Emergency Plan. The owner or operator shall develop a 3004.4.1 Access. Fire apparatus access roadways shall be pro- plan for monitoring,controlling and extinguishing spot fires.This vided for buildings and facilities in accordance with Sec- plan shall be submitted to the chief for review and approval. lion 902.2. EXCEPTION:The requirement for an all-weather driving surface SECTION 3007-PLYWOOD AND VENEER MILLS may be modified for access to exterior storage areas when approved. 3004.4.2 Access plan. When storage pile configurations could 3 .1 General. Plant operations of plywood and veneer mills change due to changes in product operations and processing,the shall be in accordance with Section 3007. access plan shall be submitted for approval when required by the 3007.2 Dryer Protection. Dryers shall be protected throughout chief. by an approved,automatic-deluge water-spray protection system. 1-77 3007.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3009.3 Deluge heads shall be inspected quarterly for pitch build-up.Del- dures and schedules for the inspection,monitoring and restricting uge heads shall be flushed during regular maintenance for func- of excessive internal temperatures in static piles shall be sub- tional operation.Manual activation valves shall be located within mitted to the chief for review and approval. 75 feet(22 860 mm)of the drying equipment. 3008.7 Pile Fire Protection. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided in conveyor tunnels and combustible enclosures SECTION 3008—STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF that pass under a pile.Combustible or enclosed conveyor systems WOOD CHIPS, HOGGED MATERIALS, FINES, shall also be protected by automatic sprinklers.3008.8 Fire Ex- COMPOST AND RAW PRODUCT IN ASSOCIATION tinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers with a minimum rating WITH YARD WASTE AND RECYCLING FACILITIES of 2-A:60-B:C shall be provided on all vehicles and equipment o 3008.1 General. The storage and processing of wood chips, perating on piles and at all processing equipment. hogged materials,fines,compost and raw product produced from 3008.9 Material-handling Equipment. Approved material- yard waste,debris and recycling facilities shall be in accordance handling equipment shall be available for moving wood chips, with Section 3008. hogged material,wood fines and raw product during firefighting 3008.2 Storage Site. Storage sites shall be reasonably level and operations. be on solid ground or another all-weather surface.All sites shall be 3008.10 Emergency Plan. The owner or operator shall develop thoroughly cleaned before transferring wood products to the site. a plan for monitoring,controlling and extinguishing spot fires and 3008.3 Size of Piles. Piles shall not exceed 25 feet(7620 mm)in submit the plan to the chief for review and approval. height, 150 feet(45 720 mm)in width and 250 feet (76.2 m)in length. SECTION 3009—EXTERIOR STORAGE OF FINISHED EXCEPTION:The size of piles protected by special fire protection LUMBER PRODUCTS in accordance with Section 1001.9 may be increased. 3009.1 General. Exterior storage of finished lumber products 3008.4 Pile Separation. Piles shall be separated from adjacent shall be in accordance with Section 3009. piles by fire department access roadways. 3009.2 Exterior Lumber Storage. Exterior lumber storage 3008.5 Combustible Waste. The storage, accumulation and shall be in accordance with Section 1103.3.5. Lumber storage handling of combustible materials and control of vegetation shall shall be arranged to form stable piles. Piles shall not exceed be in accordance with Section 1103. 150,000 cubic feet(4248 m3)in volume. 3008.6 Static Pile Protection. Static piles shall be monitored by 3009.3 Security. Permanent lumber storage areas shall be sur- an approved means to measure temperatures within the static rounded with an approved fence. Fences shall be a minimum of piles.Internal pile temperatures shall be monitored and recorded 6 feet(1829 mm)in height. weekly.All records shall be kept on file at the facility and be made EXCEPTION: Lumber piles inside of buildings and production available for inspection. An operational plan indicating proce- mills for lumber,plywood and veneer do not require fences. 1-78 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 31 (NOT USED) 1-79 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3201 ARTICLE 32 - TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES, TENTS AND CANOPIES SECTION 3201 —SCOPE effects, including sawdust when used on floors or passageways, shall be composed of flame-resistant material or shall be treated Tents and temporary membrane structures having an area in ex- with a flame retardant in an approved manner. See also Sec- cess of 200 square feet(18.6 m2) and canopies in excess of 400 tion 1103. square feet(37.2 m2)shall be in accordance with Article 32. Temporary membrane structures,tents or canopies shall have a permanently affixed label bearing the following information: SECTION 3202—DEFINITIONS 1.Identification of temporary membrane structure,tent or cano- 3202.1 General. For definitions of AWNING, TEMPORARY py,size and fabric or material type. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE and TENT,see Article 2. 2. For flame-resistant materials, the necessary information to 3202.2 Limited Application. For the purpose of Article 32,this determine compliance with this article or Section 1103 as applica- term is defined as follows: ble. CANOPY is a temporary structure, enclosure or shelter 3.For flame-retardant-treated materials,the date that the tem- constructed of fabric or pliable materials supported by any man- porary membrane structure,tent or canopy and other combustible ner,except by air or the contents it protects,and is open without materials were last treated with an approved flame retardant. sidewalls or drops on 75 percent or more of the perimeter. 4. The trade name and type of flame retardant utilized in the flame-retardant treatment. SECTION 3203—PERMITS 5.The name of the person and firm that applied the flame retar- dant. For permits to erect temporary membrane structures,tents or can- opies,see Section 105,Permit t.1. SECTION 3208—PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SECTION 3204—USE PERIOD Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1002 and 1005.2.7. Temporary membrane structures,tents and canopies shall be used for a period of not more than 180 days within a 12-month period on SECTION 3209—MAXIMUM OCCUPANT LOAD a single premises. Occupant load requirements shall be in accordance with Sec- SECTION 3205—ACCESS, LOCATION AND PARKING tion 2501.16. 3205.1 Access.Fire apparatus access shall be provided in accor- SECTION 3210—SEATING ARRANGEMENTS dance with Section 902.2. 3205.2 Location and Parking.Tents shall not be located within Seating in temporary membrane structures,tents or canopies shall 20 feet(6096 mm)of property lines,buildings,temporary mem- be in accordance with Section 2501.10. brane structures,other tents and canopies,parked vehicles or in- ternal combustion engines. For the purpose of determining SECTION 3211 —MEANS OF EGRESS required distances, support ropes and guywires shall be consid- ered as part of the temporary membrane structure,tent or canopy. 3211.1 Distribution. Exits shall be spaced at approximately equal intervals around the perimeter of the temporary membrane EXCEPTION:Separation distance between temporary membrane structure,tent or canopy and shall be located such that all points structures,tents and canopies,not used for cooking,is not required when the aggregate floor area does not exceed 15,000 square feet are 100 feet(30 480 mm)or less from an exit. (1393.5 m2). 3211.2 Number. Every tent and temporary membrane structure or usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit and not less SECTION 3206—STRUCTURAL STABILITY than the number of exits required by Table 3211-A. 3206.1 General.Temporary membrane structures,tents and can- 3211.3 Exit Openings. Exit openings from tents shall remain opies and their appurtenances shall be adequately braced and an- open unless covered by a flame-resistant curtain,provided: chored to prevent weather related collapse. Documentation of 1.Curtains shall be free sliding on a metal support.The support structural stability shall be furnished to the chief on request. shall be a minimum of 8 feet(2438 mm)above the floor level at the 3206.2 Air-supported and Inflated Structures.The design and exit.The curtains shall be so arranged that,when open,no part of construction of the fabric envelope,the method of anchoring,and the curtains obstructs the exit,and inflation systems for air-supported and air-inflated structures shall 2.Curtains shall be of a color,or colors,which contrasts with the be in accordance with the Building Code. color of the tent. 3211.4 Doors. Exit doors shall swing in the direction of exit SECTION 3207—FLAME RETARDANT TREATMENTS travel.To avoid hazardous pressure loss from air supported struc- The sidewalls,drops and tops of temporary membrane structures, tures, such doors shall be automatic closing against operating pressures.Opening force at the door edge shall be in accordance tents and canopies shall be composed of flame-resistant material with the Building Code. or shall be treated with a flame retardant in an approved manner. Floor coverings, bunting, combustible decorative materials and 3211.5 Aisle. Aisles shall be in accordance with Section 1204. 1-81 3212 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3220 SECTION 3212—MAINTENANCE OF MEANS OF arrestors having openings not exceeding 1/4-inch (6.4 mm)wire EGRESS mesh. The required width of exits,aisles and passageways shall be main- 3216.3 Location. tained at all times to a public way. 3216.3.1 Cooking and heating equipment shall not be located Guywires,guyropes and other support members shall not cross within 10 feet(3048 mm)of exits or combustible materials. a means of egress at a height of less than 8 feet(2438 mm). 3216.3.2 Tents where cooking is performed shall be separated The surface of means of egress shall be maintained in an ap- from temporary membrane structures,other tents and canopies by proved manner. a minimum of 20 feet(6096 mm). 3216.3.3 Outdoor cooking that produces sparks or grease-laden SECTION 3213—MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION vapors shall not be performed within 20 feet(6096 mm) from a temporary membrane structure,tent or canopy. Means of egress shall be illuminated with light having an intensity 3216.4 LP-Gas. of not less than 1 footcandle (10.76 Ix) at floor level while the structure is occupied.Fixtures required for means of egress illumi- 3216.4.1 General. Equipment such as tanks,valves,tubing and nation shall be supplied from a separate circuit or source of power other related components shall be approved and in accordance when required by Section 3214.2. with Article 82 and the Mechanical Code. 3216.4.2 Location of containers. LP-gas containers shall be lo- SECTION 3214—EXIT SIGNS cated outside and in accordance with Table 8204-A.Safety release valves shall be pointed away from the temporary membrane struc- 3214.1 When Required. Exit signs shall be installed at required ture,tent or canopy. exit doorways and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate EXCEPTION: Portable LP-gas containers used in temporary the direction of egress when the exit serves an occupant load of 50 membrane structures,tents or canopies in accordance with Sections or more. 8203.2.1.5 and 8203.2.1.6. 3214.2 Illumination. Exit signs in temporary membrane struc- 3216.4.3 Protection and security. Portable LP-gas containers, tures, tents and canopies with occupant loads of more than 100 piping,valves and fittings which are located outside and are being persons shall be of an approved self-luminous type or shall be in- used to fuel equipment inside a temporary membrane structure, ternally or externally illuminated by fixtures supplied in the fol- tent or canopy shall be adequately protected to prevent tampering, lowing manner: damage by vehicles or other hazards and shall be located in an ap- proved location. 1.Two separate circuits,one of which shall be separate from all other circuits,for occupant loads of 300 or less,or 3216.5 Electrical Heating and Cooking Equipment. Electri- cal cooking and heating equipment shall be in accordance with the 2.Two separate sources of power,one of which shall be an ap- Electrical Code and Article 85. proved emergency system, shall be provided when the occupant load exceeds 300.Emergency systems shall be supplied from stor- SECTION 3217—FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE age batteries or on-site generator set, and the system shall be LIQUIDS installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. 3217.1 General. Flammable-liquid-fueled equipment shall not SECTION 3215—SOURCES OF IGNITION be used in temporary membrane structures,tents or canopies. 3217.2 Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage. Flam- 3215.1 Smoking. Smoking shall not be permitted in temporary mable and combustible liquids shall be stored outside in an ap- membrane structures, tents and canopies or in adjacent areas proved manner not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from temporary where hay, straw, sawdust or other combustible materials are membrane structures,tents and canopies.Storage shall be in ac- stored or used. NO SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously cordance with Article 79. posted. 3217.3 Refueling. Refueling shall be performed in an approved 3215.2 Fireworks,Open Flames and Hot Objects. Fireworks, location not less than 20 feet (6096 mm)from temporary mem- open flames and devices capable of igniting combustible materi- brane structures,tents and canopies. als shall not be used in or adjacent to a temporary membrane struc- ture,tent or canopy,unless otherwise approved. SECTION 3218—DISPLAY OF MOTOR VEHICLES Liquid-and gas-fueled vehicles and equipment used for display, SECTION 3216—COOKING AND HEATING competition or demonstration within assembly occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 2505. 3216.1 General. Cooking and heating shall be in accordance with Section 3216.Cooking and heating equipment,tanks,piping, SECTION 3219—GENERATORS hoses,fittings,valves,tubing and other related components shall be approved or in accordance with the Mechanical Code. Generators and other internal combustion power sources shall be EXCEPTION: Operations such as warming of foods, cooking separated from temporary membrane structures,tents and cano- demonstrations and similar operations which do not present an ignition pies by a minimum of 20 feet(6096 mm)and be isolated from con- hazard. tact with the public by fencing, enclosure or other approved 3216.2 Ventilation. Cooking and heating equipment shall be means. vented to the outside air by approved means.Where vents or flues SECTION 3220—STANDBY PERSONNEL are used, all portions of the temporary membrane structure,tent, or canopy shall be no less than 12 inches(305 mm)from the flue or The provisions of standby personnel shall be in accordance with vent. Solid-fuel-burning equipment shall be equipped with spark Section 2501.18. 1-82 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3221—3221.4 TABLE 3211-A SECTION 3221 —HOUSEKEEPING shall not be stored inside or within 30 feet(9144 mm)of a tempo- rary membrane structure,tent or canopy being used for cooking or 3221.1 General. Housekeeping shall be in accordance with Sec- public assembly. tion 3221. EXCEPTION: Hay, straw and similar combustible materials 3221.2 Vegetation Removal. Combustible vegetation shall be treated with a flame retardant in an approved manner. removed from the area occupied by a temporary membrane struc- 3221.4 Waste Material. The floor surface inside a temporary ture,tent or canopy and from areas within 30 feet(9144 mm)of membrane structure,tent or canopy and the grounds outside and such structures. within a 30-foot(9144 mm)perimeter shall be kept clear of com- bustible waste.Such waste shall be stored in approved containers 3221.3 Storage. Hay, straw and similar combustible materials until removed from the premises. TABLE 3211-A—MINIMUM NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS AND MEANS OF EGRESS WIDTHS FROM TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES,TENTS AND CANOPIESI MINIMUM WIDTH OF EACH MEANS OF EGRESS(Inches) MINIMUM NUMBER x 25.4 for mm OF MEANS OF OCCUPANT LOAD EGRESS Tent or Canopy Membrane Structure 10 to 199 2 72 36 200 to 499 3 72 72 500 to 999 1 4 96 72 1,000 to 1,999 5 120 96 2,000 to 2,999 6 120 96 Over 3,000 7 120 96 IThe total width of means of egress in inches(mm)shall not be less than the total occupant load served by a means of egress multiplied by 0.2(5.08).Such widths of means of egress shall be divided approximately equally among the separate means of egress. 1-83 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3301 ARTICLE 33 - CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM SECTION 3301 —SCOPE SECTION 3303—BUILDINGS Storage and handling of cellulose nitrate motion picture film, Buildings or portions thereof in which nitrate film is stored,ex- hereinafter referred to as "nitrate film," shall be in accordance amined, projected or processed shall be in accordance with the with Article 33. Building Code. EXCEPTION: Film having a cellulose acetate or other slow-burn- ing base,referred to as"safety film." SECTION 3304—STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION 3302—PERMITS The storage and handling of nitrate film shall be in accordance For permits to store cellulose nitrate film, see Section 105, with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Stan- Permit c.3. dard n.2.1. 1-85 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3401 ARTICLE 34-AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS SECTION 3401 —SCOPE with a rating of not less than 4-A:40-B:C.When required by the Automobile wrecking yards shall be in accordance with Ar- chief, additional portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in tide 34. specific use areas in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1. For rubbish handling operations, see Articles 11 and 28. SECTION 3408—TIRES SECTION 3402—DEFINITIONS Tires shall be stored on racks in an approved manner or shall be 3402.1 General. For definitions of AUTOMOBILE WRECK- piled in accordance with Section 1103.3.6. ING YARD,RUBBISH and SALVAGE VEHICLE,see Article 2. 3402.2 Limited Application. For the purpose of Article 34,cer- tain terms are defined as follows: MOTOR VEHICLE FLUIDS are liquids which are flam- The burning of salvage vehicles and salvage or waste materials mable, combustible or hazardous materials, such as crankcase shall be in accordance with Section 1102 and federal,state or local fluids,fuel,brake fluids,transmission fluids,radiator fluids and air quality control regulations. gear oil.This definition does not include liquids which are perma- nently sealed, such as hydraulic fluid within shock absorbers. SECTION 3410—MOTOR VEHICLE FLUIDS AND SECTION 3403—PERMITS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS For permits to operate automobile wrecking yards, see Section 3410.1 General. The storage,use and handling of motor vehicle 105,Permit a.5. fluids and hazardous materials, such as those used to operate air bags and electrical systems, shall be in accordance with Section SECTION 3404—FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS 3410 and Articles 29,79 and 80. Fire apparatus access roads shall be constructed and maintained 3410.2 Motor Vehicle Fluids. Motor vehicle fluids shall be throughout the site in accordance with Section 902.2. drained from salvage vehicles when such fluids are leaking.Stor- age and handling of motor vehicle fluids shall be done in an ap- proved manner. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored and handled in accordance with Articles 29,79 and 80. Welding and cutting operations shall be in accordance with Ar- ticles 49 and 74. 3410.3 Mitigation for Vehicle Fluid Leaks. Supplies or equip- ment capable of mitigating leaks from fuel tanks, crankcases, brake systems and transmissions shall be kept available on site. SECTION 3406—HOUSEKEEPING Single-use plugging,diking and absorbent materials shall be dis- Combustible rubbish accumulated on the site shall be collected Posed of as hazardous waste and removed from the site in a man- and stored in approved containers,rooms or vaults of noncombus- ner approved by federal,state or local requirements. tible materials.Combustible vegetation,cut or uncut,shall be re- 3410.4 Air Bag Systems. Removed air bag systems shall be moved when determined by the chief to be a fire hazard. handled and stored in accordance with Article 80. SECTION 3407—FIRE PROTECTION 3410.5 Lead-acid Batteries. Lead-acid batteries shall be re- moved from salvage vehicles when such batteries are leaking. Offices, storage buildings and vehicles used for site operations Lead-acid batteries that have been removed from vehicles shall be shall each be provided with at least one portable fire extinguisher stored in an approved manner. 1-87 3410.5 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3410.5 1-88 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE 3501 ARTICLE 35-COVERED MALL BUILDINGS SECTION 3501 —SCOPE EXCEPTIONS: 1. When approved, liquid- or gas-fueled ap- pliances,tools,apparatus,craft or vehicles are allowed to be displayed Temporary use of the common pedestrian area within a covered within the mall. The display shall be in accordance with Sec- mall building for promotional, educational, assembly, sales or tion 2505.2. similar activities shall be in accordance with Article 35. 2.LP-gas-powered floor maintenance machines may be used when in conformance with Section 8203.2.2. SECTION 3502—DEFINITIONS 3504.4 Hazardous Materials. Hazardous materials shall not be used,stored or displayed in a mall. 3502.1 General. For definitions of COVERED MALL BUILD- EXCEPTION:Carcinogens,irritants,sensitizers,combustible liq- ING and MALL, see Article 2. uids and Class I oxidizers. 3502.2 Limited Use. For the purpose of Article 35,certain terms 3504.5 Nonflammable Gas. Cylinders containing nonflam- are defined as follows: mable gases shall be in accordance with Article 74. ALLOWABLE USE AREA is the area approved to conduct 3504.6 Combustible Decorative Materials and Signs. Com- activities in accordance with Article 35 and shall not include area bustible decorative materials and combustible signs other than necessary for main and cross aisles. plastics shall be in accordance with Section 1103.3.3.Plastic pan- CROSS AISLES are required aisles which permit egress from els and plastic signs shall be in accordance with the Building one main aisle to another through an allowable use area. Code. FIXTURES are those furnishings accessory to the normal op- 3504.7 Fixtures. Fixtures shall not be located in main aisles or eration of the mall.Fixtures are allowed to include,but are not lim- cross aisles. ited to, seating,directories,planters and lighting fixtures. MAIN AISLE is that area of a mall designated to accommodate SECTION 3505—TEMPORARY STRUCTURES the required means of egress width located between the furthest projection of the area designated for use by a tenant and the allow- 3505.1 General. Temporary structures located in the allowable able use area. use area shall be in accordance with Section 3505. TEMPORARY STRUCTURES are kiosks,booths, conces- 3505.2 Flame Spread. Temporary structures shall be noncom- sion stands and similar structures. bustible or be treated and maintained in a flame-retardant condi- TEMPORARY USE is a single permitted activity not to ex- lion conforming to Class II flame-spread ratings. (See UBC ceed 60 consecutive days. Chapter NO TAG.) 3505.3 Sprinkler Obstructions. Roofs or coverings for kiosks, SECTION 3503—PERMITS display booths,concession equipment or similar structures shall not exceed 4 feet(1219 mm)in dimension unless the area beneath For temporary use permits of the allowable use area,see Section the roofs or coverings is protected by an approved automatic fire- 105,Permit m.2. extinguishing system. SECTION 3504—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SECTION 3506—TEMPORARY PLACES OF ASSEMBLY 3504.1 Main Aisle Width. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 10 feet(3048 mm)in width or the minimum required means of When the mall area,or any portion thereof,is used as a temporary egress width,whichever is greater,and shall be maintained in ac- place of assembly, such area shall be in accordance with Ar- cordance with Section 1204.Main aisles shall not be obstructed. ticle 25. 3504.2 Cross Aisle Width. Cross aisles shall be a minimum of The means of egress facilities shall limit the number of persons 15 feet(4572 mm)in width or the required means of egress width, in attendance.The chief is authorized to establish the conditions whichever is greater,and shall be maintained in accordance with necessary to ensure that the covered mall building tenants do not Section 1204. have their means of egress obstructed by the assembly.It shall be the responsibility of the covered mall management to provide ade- 3504.3 Fueled Equipment. Liquid- or gas-fueled appliances, quate personnel to comply with the conditions required by the tools,apparatus,craft or vehicles shall not be located in a mall. chief. 1-89 3506 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3506 1-90 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3601 ARTICLE 36- DRY CLEANING SECTION 3601 —GENERAL 3601.6 Fire Protection. Approved portable fire extinguishers of a type suitable for fighting fires involving flammable or com- 3601.1 Scope. Dry-cleaning plants and systems shall be in ac- bustible liquids shall be provided in dry-cleaning plants in accor- cordance with Article 36. dance with Article 10.At least one extinguisher shall be provided 3601.2 Definitions. at each entrance to rooms where flammable or combustible liquids are stored or used. 3601.2.1 General. For definitions of COMBUSTIBLE LIQ- 3601.7 Smoking. Smoking in dry-cleaning plants shall only be UID, DRY CLEANING and FLAMMABLE LIQUID, see Ar- within designated smoking rooms.NO SMOKING signs shall be title 2. posted in rooms containing flammable or combustible liquids. See 3601.2.2 Limited applications. For the purposes of Article 36, Section 1109.4. certain terms are defined as follows: SECTION 3602—DRY CLEANING WITH CONTAINER is a vessel of 60 United States gallons(227 L)or NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS EXCEPT FOR less capacity used for transporting or storing flammable or com- LIMITED-ACCESS SPOTTING OPERATIONS bustible liquids. Pipes, piping systems, engines and engine fuel 3602.1 General. Class IV dry-cleaning plants and systems shall tanks are not considered to be containers. be in accordance with Section 3602. NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUID is a liquid that does not ex- 3602.2 Equipment. hibit a flash point. S 3602.2.1 Compatibility. Equipment used for dry cleaning with STORAGE is the keeping,retention or leaving of flammable or combustible liquids in closed containers,tanks or similar vessels. noncombustible liquids shall be suitable for the type of solvent uti- lized and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's 3601.3 Permits. For permits to engage in dry cleaning,see Sec- recommendations. tion 105,Permit d.1. 3602.2.2 Solvent-handling systems. 3601.4 Plant and System Classification. Dry-cleaning plants 3602.2.2.1 Transfer. The transfer and circulation of solvents and systems shall be classified according to the character of the shall be through closed systems. flammable or combustible liquids used or stored as listed below 3602.2.2.2 Pumps. Pumps used for the transfer or circulation of (see Section 3603.2 regarding the use of Class I liquids): solvents shall be designed with leakproof seals.Positive displace- 1. Class II plants or systems are those plants or systems in ment pumps shall be fitted with relief valves or bypasses to pre- which Class H combustible liquids in quantities that exceed the vent overpressure. exempt amounts set forth in Articles 79 and 80 are used as solvents 3602.2.2.3 Physical protection. Flow and level sight glasses for dry cleaning. shall be protected against physical damage. 2. Class III-A plants or systems are those plants or systems in 3602.2.2.4 Testing. Piping, valves and sight glasses shall be which Class III-A combustible liquids in quantities that exceed tested at a minimum of 150 percent of the system's maximum op- the exempt amounts set forth in Articles 79 and 80 are used as sol- erating pressure. Testing shall be in accordance with nationally vents for dry cleaning. recognized standards. See Article 90, Standard a.2.5. 3. Class III-B plants or systems are those plants or systems in 3602.2.3 Exhaust ventilation systems. Dry-cleaning systems which Class III-B combustible liquids in quantities that exceed the shall be provided with an automatically activated exhaust ventila- exempt amounts set forth in Articles 79 and 80 are used as solvents tion system to maintain a minimum of 100-feet-per-minute(0.51 for dry cleaning. m/s) air velocity through the loading door when the door is 4. Class IV plants or systems are those plants or systems in opened. Such systems for dry-cleaning equipment shall be in ac- which only Class II,III-A or III-B combustible liquids not exceed- cordance with the Mechanical Code. ing the exempt amounts set forth in Articles 79 and 80 or noncom- EXCEPTION:Dry-cleaning units need not be provided with ex- bustible liquids are used as solvents for dry cleaning, using haust ventilation when an exhaust hood is installed immediately out- side of and above the loading door which operates at an airflow rate as flammable and combustible liquids only for spotting. follows: Except for the quantities of liquids allowed for scouring,brush- Q=100 x ALD ing or spotting in Section 3603.13,when more than one class of For SI: Q=510 x ALD flammable or combustible liquid solvent is used or stored in a SERE: plant or system,the plant or system classification shall be based on Q = flow rate exhausted through the hood,cubic feet per min- the numerically lowest class. ute(L/s). 3601.5 Control of Solvents. ALD = area of the loading door,square feet(m2). 3602.2.4 Combustion air. Combustion air for fuel-burning 3601.5.1 Changes in class. Solvents shall not be changed to a equipment shall be taken from exterior openings that are located a solvent in a more hazardous classification unless such change has minimum of 5 feet (1524 mm) from exhaust openings for dry- been approved and a new permit has been issued. cleaning equipment. 3601.5.2 Verification of class. The chief is authorized to require 3602.3 Storage of Solvents and Waste Solvents. that samples of solvents be taken and tested to verify that a plant or 3602.3.1 Flammable and combustible solvents. The storage system is correctly classified. Tests shall be by an independent of flammable and combustible liquid solvents and waste solvents agency or laboratory. shall be in accordance with Article 79. 1-91 3602.3.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3603.8.8 3602.3.2 Noncombustible solvents. The storage of noncom- equipment shall not be taken from rooms in which liquids are used or bustible liquid solvents and waste solvents that are hazardous ma- stored or from areas containing flammable vapors. terials shall be in accordance with Article 80. 3603.7 Electrical Wiring and Equipment. Artificial illumina- tion shall be by electricity.Electrical wiring and equipment shall 3602.4 Spotting operations. be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. Electrical 3602.4.1 General. The local application of flammable or com- forced-air heating systems shall be in accordance with Sec- bustible liquids for the removal of stains shall be in accordance tion 3603.6. with Section 3602.4, Article 79 and Article 80. Spotting opera- 3603.8 Solvent Containers, Tanks and Transferring Equip- tions shall be in accordance with Section 3603.13 except as modi- ment. fied by Section 3602.4. 3603.8.1 General. Containers and tanks shall be in accordance 3602.4.2 Public access. Areas where flammable and combus- with Section 7902,except as modified by Section 3603.8.Piping tible liquids are used for spotting operations shall not be accessible shall be in accordance with Section 7901.11; however, flexible by the public. hoses resistant to the solvent are allowed to connect equipment when the operating pressures do not exceed 5 psi(34.5 kPa).Re- 3602.4.3 Dispensing at workstations. Dispensing of flam- quired shutoff valves at equipment shall be located ahead of flex- mable or combustible liquids for spotting operations shall be from ible connectors. approved containers.The amount of flammable and combustible liquid solvents at each workstation shall not exceed 1 gallon(3.8 3603.8.2 Transferring. Transferring of solvents from storage L), 1 pint(0.47 L)of which is allowed to be in a plastic container. tanks through processes shall be by closed-circuit piping.Positive displacement pumps shall have a bypass and relief valve. Fill openings to storage tanks shall be located outside of the SECTION 3603—DRY CLEANING WITH FLAMMABLE building at an approved location.Fill pipe inlets shall be perma- AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS nently identified with the appropriate liquid classification. 3603.1 General. Class II,III-A and III-B dry-cleaning plants or 3603.8.3 Venting. The emergency relief venting capacity for systems shall be in accordance with Section 3603. aboveground tanks and containers shall not be less than that de- rived from Table 7902.2-H multiplied by 0.3. In calculating the 3603.2 Class I Liquids. Class I liquids shall not be used for dry vent size, 100 percent of the surface area of the tank or container cleaning. shall be assumed to be wetted. EXCEPTION: Class 1 liquids used in accordance with Sec- 3603.8.4 Gaging device. A gaging device shall be installed on tion 3603.13. inside storage or treatment tanks.Gaging devices shall be of a de- 3603.3 Heating of Liquids. The temperatures of Class II and sign that will not allow vapors to escape within the building or liq- Class III-A liquids shall not exceed 90oF(32.20C).The tempera- uids to escape in case a gage is broken. ture of Class III-B liquids shall not be in excess of 30°F(Ll'C) 3603.8.5 Sludge removal. When underground treating and set- below their flash point.When liquid coolers are required,temper- tling tanks are used,a separate suction pipe shall be carried to the atures shall be monitored by visual as well as audible alarming de- bottom of the tank and a pump shall be installed to remove the vices installed to warn operators that temperatures are approaching the specified limitation. sludge.Discharge piping from the pump shall connect to a suitable container. 3603.4 Occupancy Requirements. 3603.8.6 Treatment tanks. Treatment tanks shall be 3603.4.1 General. Buildings or portions thereof containing dry constructed in accordance with approved standards and shall be cleaning operations shall be classified in accordance with the designed for working pressure not less than 15 psig(103.4 kPa) Building Code. when they are subjected to pressures greater than atmospheric. Pressure-relief devices shall be installed on treatment tanks that 3603.4.2 Fire protection. Buildings containing dry-cleaning are subjected to pressures greater than atmospheric which will plants shall be protected throughout by an automatic fire-sprinkler prevent the pressures in the tank from exceeding 10 percent above system in accordance with the Building Code. the working pressure.Relief devices shall be connected to an un- 3603.4.3 Location within buildings. Dry-cleaning rooms and derground tank or an aboveground tank of a dry-cleaning unit by solvent storage rooms shall be located only on the first story. piping not less than 3/4 inch(19 mm)in diameter without a shutoff valve in the piping. 3603.5 Ventilation. A mechanical ventilation system which is 3603.8.7 Filters and pressure-relief devices. Pressure-type fil- designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot of air per minute for each square ters shall be equipped with a reliable pressure gage and shall not be foot(5.1 Us per square meter)of floor area shall be installed in operated at pressures exceeding those for which they were de- dry-cleaning rooms and in drying rooms. signed. Filters shall be provided with an air-bleeding valve and The ventilation system shall operate automatically when the line connected to discharge into a washer or into the storage tank dry-cleaning equipment is in operation and shall have manual vent line. Such air-bleeding lines shall not discharge into the controls at an approved location. room. 3603.6 Fuel-burning Equipment. Fuel-burning equipment Pressure-relief devices shall be installed on pressure filters to shall be separated from dry-cleaning operations and solvent stor- prevent the pressure in the filter from rising more than 10 percent age areas as required by Section NO TAG.Circulating-air systems above its working pressure.Relief devices shall be connected to which return air from dry-cleaning rooms or solvent rooms to fuel- an underground tank or dry-cleaning unit by piping not less than burning or other heating equipment shall not be used. 3/4 inch(19 min)in diameter. EXCEPTION: Forced-air, fuel-burning or other heating equip- 3603.8.8 Sight glasses. Sight glasses, the breakage of which ment which is separated from the dry-cleaning room is allowed when would allow the escape of liquids,shall not be of the type readily only Class 111-B systems are used. Combustion air for fuel-burning damaged by heat and shall be protected against physical damage. 1-92 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3603.9 3603.13.3 3603.9 Dry-cleaning Units. pors or lint generated by the process.Such discharge pipes or ducts shall be carried to a height of not less than 6 feet(1829 mm))above 3603.9.1 Construction. Immersion and agitation of textiles in the roof and shall be provided with cleanout facilities.Discharge solvent and the extraction of solvent from textiles shall be within pipes shall not terminate within 10 feet(3048 mm),measured hor- dry-cleaning machines that comply with Section 3603.9. Dry- izontally,from doors,windows or combustible walls. cleaning machines shall be substantially constructed closed units that are well secured to the building or foundations.The loading The fan shall be properly housed and interlocked to ensure op- opening shall be equipped with a close-fitting door designed to eration while the drying tumbler is in use.Fan blades shall be of prevent solvent leaks.The units shall be provided with interlocks nonferrous metal,and fan motors shall not be located within the to prevent cylinder rotation under power when the doors are open. duct. A manually operated stop switch shall be installed on or at each 3603.12 Bonding and Grounding. unit. EXCEPTION:Scouring,brushing and spotting operations in ac- 3603.12.1 General. Storage tanks, treatment tanks, filters, cordance with Section 3603.13. pumps,piping,ducts,dry-cleaning units,stills,tumblers,drying 3603.9.2 Connections. Dry-cleaning units shall be provided cabinets and other such equipment,if not inherently electrically with an overflow pipe one size larger than the size of solvent sup- conductive, shall be bonded together and grounded. Isolated ply line to the machine.Such overflow pipe shall be connected to equipment shall be grounded. the shell of the washer such that the top of overflow is below the 3603.12.2 Pulleys and belts. Pulleys and belts in dry-cleaning bottom of the trunion shaft. The overflow pipe shall be without rooms shall be provided with properly grounded combs, collec- shutoff valves and be arranged to discharge to a suitable tank.The tors or neutralizers. supply pipe shall contain a shutoff valve, shall enter the washer above the discharge level and shall discharge away from the door 3603.12.3 Double process equipment. When fabrics are trans- opening. ferred from one piece of equipment to another,the two pieces of 3603.9.3 Traps. Individual button and lint traps shall be pro- equipment shall be electrically bonded together. vided for each dry-cleaning unit. 3603.12.4 Spotting tables. Metal tops of spotting tables shall be 3603.9.4 Warning labels and signs. A permanently affixed la- permanently and effectively grounded. bel or sign shall be displayed near the door opening of each ma- 3603.13 Scouring,Brushing and Spotting. chine indicating that it is not to be operated with solvents having a flash point less than a specified level. The specified flash point 3603.13.1 Design. Scouring,brushing and spotting tables shall shall be the minimum flash point established by the manufacturer. have a liquid-tight top with a curb on all sides not less than 1 inch The label or sign shall also indicate that the doors to the machine (25.4 mm) high. The top of the table shall be pitched to ensure shall not be opened until the rotating cylinder has stopped. thorough draining to a 11/2-inch(38 mm)drain connected to a suit- able container especially provided and marked for such purpose. 3603.10 Stills. The source of heat for stills shall be steam, hot water or oil.When steam is used,a pressure-regulating valve shall 3603.13.2 Type of solvent. Scouring,brushing and spotting op- be installed in the steam line to the still,and a check valve shall be erations using solvents with lower flash points than the solvents installed in the steam line between the boiler and the still. Stills used in the plant dry-cleaning units shall be limited to 1 gallon shall be liquid and gas tight and shall be designed to operate on the (3.785 L).Such solvents shall be dispensed from approved safety vacuum principle.If a relief valve is installed on a still,it shall be cans. equipped with a vent line extending to the exterior. Additional storage shall be in approved safety cans or approved Stills shall be provided with a combination vacuum and pres- metal shipping containers not exceeding 1-gallon (3.785 L) ca- sure gage. Stills shall be equipped with a constant level device to pacity.Class I liquids and Class H liquids in Class III plants that automatically maintain the solvent liquid in the still at the proper are not in use shall be stored in liquid cabinets that comply with height. Section 7902.5.9 or shall be within liquid storage rooms comply- 3603.11 Drying Tumblers and Cabinets. Drying tumblers ing with Section 7902.5.11. shall be of substantial construction, well secured to foundations Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at scouring,brushing and shall be provided with self-closing explosion hatches having and spotting tables. The mechanical ventilation system shall be an area of 0.011 square feet per cubic foot(0.036 m2 per m3)of designed to capture vapors and exhaust them through a system that cylinder volume.Hatches shall be arranged to open away from the complies with the Mechanical Code. operator. Drying tumblers in Class II systems shall be provided 3603.13.3 Dry cleaning outside of dry-cleaning units. Textiles with approved extinguishing equipment arranged to operate auto- which cannot be cleaned within dry-cleaning units that comply matically in case of a fire,unless otherwise approved. with Section 3603.9 shall be cleaned on scouring or brushing Drying tumblers in Class II systems shall be provided with a tables or in scrubbing tubs that contain not more than 3 gallons steam jet of not less than 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)size for humidifying (11.4 L) of flammable or combustible solvent. Scrubbing tubs during the drying processes.Drying tumblers and drying cabinets shall be secured to the floor and shall be provided with permanent shall be ventilated to the outside by means of pipes or ducts con- 11/2-inch(38 mm)trapped drains connecting to a suitable contain- nected to an exhaust fan of sufficient capacity to remove dust,va- er especially provided and marked for such purpose. 1-93 3603.13.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 3603.13.3 1-94 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4501 PART V SPECIAL PROCESSES ARTICLE 45-APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES SECTION 4501 —GENERAL In other occupancies,spray-finishing operations shall be con- ducted in a spray booth,spraying area or spraying room approved 4501.1 Scope. Locations and areas where the following activi- for such use.Limited spraying areas for touch-up or spot painting ties are conducted shall be in accordance with Article 45: may be approved,provided they meet the requirements of Article 1. The application of flammable or combustible paint,varnish, 45. See Section 4502.6. lacquer,stain or other flammable or combustible liquid applied as 4502.2 Spray Booths. spray by compressed air,airless or hydraulic atomization,steam, electrostatic or other methods or means in continuous or intermit- 4502.2.1 Materials. Spray booths shall be substantially tent process, constructed of steel not less than 0.044 inch(1.118 mm)(18 gage) 2. Dip tank operations in which articles or materials are passed in thickness or other approved noncombustible materials. through contents of tanks,vats or containers of flammable or com- 4502.2.2 Size. The aggregate area of spray booths in a building bustible liquids,including coating,finishing,treatment and simi- shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the area of any floor of a lar processes,and building or the basic area allowed for a Group H,Division 2 Occu- 3. The application of combustible powders by powder spray pancy without area increases,as set forth in the Building Code. guns,electrostatic powder spray guns,fluidized beds or electro- The area of any individual spray booth in a building shall not static fluidized beds. exceed the lesser of the aggregate size limit or 1,500 square feet 4501.2 Definitions. For definitions of SPRAY BOOTH, (139 m2). SPRAYING AREA and SPRAYING ROOM,see Article 2. EXCEPTION:One individual booth not exceeding 500 square feet (45 m2). 4501.3 Permits. For permits for spraying or dipping operations 4502.2.3 Surfaces. Interior surfaces of spray booths shall be utilizing flammable or combustible liquids,or the application of smooth and continuous without edges and otherwise designed to combustible powders regulated by Article 45, see Section 105, prevent pocketing of residue,to allow free passage of exhaust air Permit s.1. from all parts of the interior and to facilitate washing and cleaning 4501.4 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in spray-finish- Without injury. ing areas and in the vicinity of dip tanks. NO SMOKING signs 4502.2.4 Floors. Floors of spray booths shall be of noncombus- with lettering of approved size shall be conspicuously posted in tible material or shall be covered with a noncombustible, non- such areas. sparking material of such character to facilitate safe cleaning and 4501.5 Welding Warning Signs. Conspicuous signs with the removal of residue. following warning shall be posted in the vicinity of spraying areas, 4502.2.5 Baffles. If installed,baffle plates shall be of a noncom- dipping operations and paint storage rooms: bustible material readily removable or accessible to facilitate cleaning and designed to provide an even flow of air through the NO WELDING booth and to prevent the deposit of overspray before it enters the exhaust duct. Baffle plates shall not be installed in the exhaust The use of welding or cutting equipment in or near ducts. this area is dangerous because of fire and explosion hazards. Welding and cutting shall be done only un- 4502.2.6 Deflectors. Spray booths having a frontal area of more der the supervision of the person in charge. than 9 square feet(0.84 m2) and not equipped with doors shall have a metal deflector or fire curtain not less than 41/2 inches (114.3 mm)deep installed at the upper outer edge of the booth over 4501.6 Electrical Wiring and Equipment. Electrical wiring the booth opening. and equipment shall be in accordance with Article 45 and the Elec- 4502.2.7 Separation, Spray booths shall be separated from oth- trical Code. er operations by not less than 3 feet(914 mm),by a wall or parti- 4501.7 Storage,Use and Handling of Flammable and Com- tion, or by a greater distance as required by the chief. bustible Liquids. The storage, use and handling of flammable 4502.2.8 Clear space. All portions of spray booths shall be and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. readily available for cleaning,and a clear space of not less than 3 feet(914 mm)shall be kept free of storage or combustible mate- rials. SECTION 4502—SPRAY FINISHING 4502.2.9 Light fixtures. When spray booths are illuminated, 4502.1 Location of Spray-finishing Operations. When con- fixed lighting units which transmit light into the spray booth ducted in buildings used for assembly,educational,institutional or through heat-treated or hammered wire glass shall be used.Glass residential occupancies, spray-finishing operations shall be lo- panels shall be arranged to minimize breakage and so that normal cated in a spraying room protected with an approved automatic accumulation of residue on the exposed surface of a panel will not sprinkler system and separated vertically and horizontally from be raised to a dangerous temperature by heat from the source of other areas in accordance with the Building Code. illumination. 1-95 ARTICLES 36-51 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4502.5.5 4502.2.10 Exit doors. Exit doors from premanufactured paint rated from the spraying area by partitions shall not produce sparks spray booths shall not be less than 2 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 8 inches under normal operating conditions.Electric lamps in such areas (763 mm by 2032 mm). shall be totally enclosed to prevent the falling of hot particles and shall be protected from physical damage by suitable guards or by 4502.3 Spray Booths Using Dry Filters. location. Such areas shall be considered a Class I,Division 2 haz- 4502.3.1 General. Spray booths using dry filters and dry filter ardous location in accordance with the Electrical Code. rolls and the use and handling of such filters shall be in accordance 4502.4.3.3 Portable electric lamps. Portable electric lamps with Section 4502.3. shall not be used in spraying areas during spraying operations. 4502.3.2 Maintaining air velocity. Spray booths equipped with Portable electric lamps,if used during cleaning or repairing opera- a filter roll which is automatically advanced when the air velocity tions,shall be of a type approved for hazardous locations. is reduced to less than 100 lineal feet(30 480 mm)per minute shall 4502.4.4 Grounding. Metal parts of spray booths,exhaust ducts be arranged to cause shut down of spraying operations if the filter and piping systems conveying Class I or II liquids shall be electri- roll fails to automatically advance. cally grounded in accordance with the Electrical Code. Visible gages or audible alarm devices shall be installed to indi- cate that the required air velocity is maintained in accordance with Section 4502.5. 4502.5.1 General. Spraying areas shall be provided with me- 4502.3.3 Filter disposal. Discarded filter pads shall be immedi- chanical ventilation adequate to prevent the dangerous accumula- ately placed in a noncombustible container with a tightfitting lid tion of vapors. and disposed of in accordance with hazardous waste regulations. Mechanical ventilation shall be kept in operation at all times 4502.3.4 Filter obstruction. Articles being sprayed shall be while spraying operations are being conducted and for a sufficient positioned in a spray booth in a manner which does not obstruct time thereafter to allow vapors from drying coated articles and fin- ishing material residue to be exhausted.Spraying equipment shall collection of overspray. be interlocked with the ventilation of the spraying area such that 4502.3.5 Spontaneous ignition. Spray booths using dry filters spraying operations cannot be conducted unless the ventilation shall not be used for spraying materials which are known to be system is in operation. highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition. Recirculating ventilation systems shall have approved vapor Filters shall be changed prior to spraying materials which could detection systems.If the approved vapor concentration in the re- react with other materials previously collected.Examples of po- circulated air stream exceeds 25 percent of the lower flammability tentially reactive combinations include lacquer when combined limit, the system shall automatically shut down the spray opera- with varnishes,stains or primers. See also Section 4502.9.5. tion,switch the ventilation system to 100 percent outdoor exhaust and sound an alarm. 4502.3.6 Filter material. Clean filters shall be noncombustible or of an approved type. 4502.5.2 Air velocity. Ventilation systems shall be designed, installed and maintained such that the average air velocity over the 4502.4 Sources of Ignition. open face of the booth,or booth cross section in the direction of 4502.4.1 General. Open-flame and spark-producing equipment airflow during spraying operations,shall not be less than 100 lin- shall not be located in spraying areas and shall not be located with- eal feet(30 480 mm)per minute. in 20 feet(6096 mm)of spraying areas unless separated by a parti- 4502.5.3 Independent ducts. Each spray booth shall have an in- tion. dependent exhaust duct system discharging to the building's exte- EXCEPTION: Equipment allowed by Sections 4502.10,4504.1 rior. and 4504.2. EXCEPTION:Multiple cabinet spray booths having a combined 4502A.2 Hot surfaces. Space-heating appliances, steam pipes frontal area of 18 square feet(1.62 m2)or less are allowed to have a and hot surfaces shall not be located in spraying areas where de- common exhaust when identical spray-finishing material is used in inter- posits of combustible residues could readily accumulate. each booth.If more than one fan serves one booth,fans shall be y connected such that all fans operate simultaneously. 4502.4.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. 4502.5.4 Fan motors and belts. Electric motors driving exhaust 4502.4.3.1 Areas subject to overspray deposits. Electrical fans shall not be placed inside booths or ducts.Fan rotating ele- equipment in spraying areas located such that deposits of combus- ments shall be nonferrous or nonsparking or casings shall consist tible residues could readily accumulate thereon shall be specifi- of or be lined with such material. cally approved for locations containing deposits of readily Belts shall not enter ducts or booths unless belts and pulleys M ignitable residue and explosive vapors. within a duct or booth are tightly enclosed. M M EXCEPTIONS: 1. Wiring in rigid conduit,boxes or fittings 4502.5.5 Duct material and termination point. Exhaust ducts M not containing taps,splices or terminal connections. shall be constructed of steel having a thickness in accordance with M 2. Equipment allowed by Sections 4502.10, 4504.1 and Table 4502.5-A. M 4504.2. The termination point for exhaust ducts discharging to the at- M 4502.4.3.2 Areas not subject to overspray deposits. Electrical mosphere shall not be less than the following: M wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combustible resi- 1. Ducts conveying explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or M dues but located in a spraying area shall be of an explosion-proof dusts: 30 feet(9144 mm)from property line; 10 feet(3048 mm) M t e approved for use in a Class 1,Division 1 hazardous location in M accordance with the Electrical Code. from openings into the building;6 feet(1829 mm)from exterior M walls or roofs;30 feet(9144 mm)from combustible walls or open- M Electrical wiring,motors and other equipment located outside ings into the building which are in the direction of the exhaust dis- M of,but within 20 feet(6096 mm)of,a spraying area and not sepa- charge; 10 feet(3048 mm)above adjoining grade. M 1-96 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4502.5.5 4502.5.6—4502.9.3 2. Other product-conveying outlets: 10 feet (3048 mm) from per hour. Such system shall meet the requirements of this code for property line;3 feet(914 mm)from exterior wall or roof; 10 feet handling flammable vapors. (3048 mm)from openings into the building; 10 feet(3048 mm) 4502.6.6 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring within 10 feet above adjoining grade. (3048 mm)of the floor shall be designed for Class I,Division 2 3.Environmental air duct exhaust:3 feet(914 mm)from prop- locations in accordance with the Electrical Code. erty line;3 feet(914 mm)from openings into the building. «4502.7 Storage,Use and Handling of Flammable and Com- bustible Liquids. TABLE 4502.5-A—MINIMUM THICKNESS OF EXHAUST DUCTS 4502.7.1 General. The storage and handling of flammable and DIAMETER OF DUCT(inches) I MINIMUM SHEET THICKNESS(inches) combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79 and x 25.4 for mm Section 4502.7. 8 or less 0.021(24 gage) Over 8 to 18 0.027(22 gage) 4502.7.2 Storage. Where the quantity of liquid in 5-gallon(18.9 Over 18 to 30 0.033(20 gage) L)and smaller containers, other than original sealed containers, Over 30 0.044(18 gage) exceeds a total of 10 gallons(37.9 L),such liquids shall be stored in a storage cabinet,liquid storage room or a room or building for 4502.5.6 Clearance between ducts and combustible construc- using,dispensing and mixing liquids in quantities exceeding ex- tion. empt amounts. See Sections 7902.5.9, 7902.5.11 and 7903.2.3. 4502.5.6.1 General. Exhaust ducts shall have a clearance from Open containers and glass containers shall not be used. combustible construction or material of not less than 18 inches 4502.7.3 Handling. Original closed containers,approved porta- (457 mm)unless protection of exposed surfaces is provided in ac- ble tanks,approved safety cans or a properly arranged system of cordance with Section 4502.5.6.2. piping shall be used for bringing flammable or combustible liq- uids into spray-finishing areas. 4502.5.6.2 Protected combustible construction. When com- bustible construction is provided with the following protection ap- 4502.7.4 Use. Containers supplying spray nozzles shall be of a plied to all surfaces within 18 inches(457 mm)of the exhaust duct, closed type or provided with metal covers which are kept closed. clearances shall not be less than those indicated: Containers not resting on floors shall be on noncombustible sup- ports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray 1. 0.013-inch(0.33 mm)(28 gage)sheet metal on 1/4-inch(6.4 nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed 10 gallons(37.9 L)capac- mm)insulating millboard . . . . . . . . 12 inches(305 mm) it . Y 2. 0.013-inch(0.33 mm)(28 gage)sheet metal on 1/8-inch(3.2 4502.7.5 Valves. Containers and piping to which a hose or flex- mm)insulating millboard spaced out. 9 inches 1 inch(25.4 4 mm)on on29 mm) ible connection is attached shall be provided with a shutoff valve at the connection. Such valves shall be kept shut when hoses are 3. 0.027-inch(0.67 mm)(22 gage)sheet metal on 1-inch(25.4 not in use. mm)rockwool batts reinforced with wire mesh or the equiva- lent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 inches(76 mm) 4502.7.6 Ignition sources. Heaters shall not be located in spray 4502.5.7 Product-conveying system intake. The mechanical booths or other locations subject to accumulation of deposits or ventilation system shall have air intake ducts extended to pick up combustible residue. flammable vapor within 6 inches(153 mm)of the floor. 4502.7.7 Pumped liquid supplies. If flammable or combustible liquids are supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement 4502.5.8 Duct bends. Exhaust ducts shall not include individual pumps,pump discharge lines shall be provided with an approved bends exceeding 45 degrees measured from the center line of the relief valve discharging to pump suction or a safe detached loca- duct. Bends, turns and elbows in ducts and pipes shall be tion. constructed in a manner which does not reduce the cross-sectional area of the duct or pipe. 4502.7.8 Liquid transfer. When a flammable mixture is trans- ferred from one portable container to another,a bond shall be pro- 4502.5.9 Cleanouts. Cleanout openings shall be provided at in- vided between the two containers.At least one container shall be tervals which allow thorough cleaning of ducts. Cleanout open- grounded.Piping systems for Class I and Class H liquids shall be ings in ducts and pipes shall be equipped with tightfitting sliding permanently grounded. or hinged doors constructed of metal which is equal to or greater than the thickness of the duct or pipe.Such doors shall be equipped 4502.8 Fire-protection Equipment. with a substantial latch to hold the door tightly closed. 4502.8.1 General. Spray booths and spraying rooms shall be 4502.6 Limited Spraying Areas. protected by approved automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Such systems shall be extended to protect exhaust plenums, ex- 4502.6.1 General. When approved, limited spraying areas are haust ducts and both sides of dry filters when such filters are used. allowed in accordance with Section 4502.6. For installation of automatic sprinklers in ducts,see the Mechani- 4502.6.2 Occupancy. Limited spraying areas shall only be lo- cal Code. cated in Group H,Division 4 Occupancies. 4502.8.2 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided for spraying areas in accordance with the require- 4502.6.3 Job size. The aggregate surface area to be sprayed ments for an extra(high) hazard occupancy as set forth in UFC shall not exceed 9 square feet(0.84 m2). Standard 10-1. 4502.6.4 Frequency. Spraying operations shall not be of a con- 4502.9 Operations and Maintenance. tinuous nature. 4502.9.1 General. Spraying areas shall be kept free from the ac- 4502.6.5 Ventilation. Positive mechanical ventilation shall be cumulation of deposits of combustible residues,as practical,with installed which provides a minimum of six complete air changes cleaning conducted daily if necessary. 1-97 4502.9.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4503.3 4502.9.2 Tools. Scrapers,spuds or other tools used for cleaning proved for use with flammable vapors and combustible residues purposes shall be constructed of nonsparking materials. and shall be provided with explosion control. 4502.9.3 Residue. Residues removed during cleaning and de- 4502.10.2.2.3 Spraying procedure. The spraying procedure bris contaminated with residue shall be immediately removed shall use low-volume spray application. from premises and properly disposed of. 4502.10.2.2.4 Housekeeping. The interior of the spray booth or 4502.9.4 Use of solvents. spraying room shall be kept free of overspray deposits. 4502.9.4.1 Class I liquids. 4502.10.2.2.5 Interlocks. The spraying apparatus,drying appa- ratus and ventilating system for the spray booth or spraying room 4502.9.4.1.1 General. Class I liquids used as solvents shall be shall be equipped with suitable interlocks arranged to: used in spray gun and equipment cleaning machines which have 1. Prevent operation of spraying apparatus while drying opera- been listed and approved for such purpose or shall be used in spray booths or spraying rooms in accordance with Section 4502.9.4. tions are in progress, 2. Purge spray vapors from the spray booth or spraying room 4502.9.4.1.2 Listed devices. Spray gun and equipment cleaning for a period of not less than three minutes before drying apparatus machines shall be located in areas not open to the public and shall can be operated, be separated from ignition sources in accordance with their list- ings or by a distance of 3 feet(414 mm),whichever is greater.The 3. Have the ventilating system maintain a safe atmosphere Within the spray booth or spraying room during the drying process quantity of solvent shall not exceed the listed design capacity for the solvent being used within the machine. The aggregate quanti- and automatically shut off drying apparatus in the event of a fail- ty of solvent,per control area,shall be limited in accordance with ure of the ventilating system,and Section 7903.2.2.3.4. 4. Automatically shut off the drying apparatus if the air temper- ature within the booth exceeds 160°F(71.1°C) when other than 4502.9.4.1.3 Within spray booths and spraying rooms. When portable infrared drying apparatus is used. solvents are used for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equip- ment,the ventilating equipment shall be operated during cleaning. 4502.10.2.2.6 Portable infrared apparatus. When portable in- frared drying apparatus is used,electrical wiring and portable in- 4502.9.4.2 Class II and Class III liquids. Solvents used outside frared drying equipment shall comply with Article 45 and the of spray booths,spraying rooms or listed and approved spray gun Electrical Code. Electrical equipment located within 18 inches and equipment cleaning machines shall be restricted to Class H (457 mm)of floor level shall be approved for Class I,Division 2 and Class III liquids. hazardous locations. Metallic parts of drying apparatus shall be 4502.9.5 Alternate use of materials. Spray booths shall not be properly electrically bonded and grounded. alternately used with different types of coating materials where During spraying operations, portable drying apparatus and the combination of the materials could be conducive to sponta- electrical connections and wiring thereto shall not be located with- neous ignition,unless all deposits of the first-used material are re- in spray booths,spraying rooms or other areas where spray residue moved from the booth and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with the could be deposited thereon. second material. 4502.10.3 Spraying areas. Drying or baking units using a heat- 4502.9.6 Waste receptacles. Approved metal waste cans shall ing system having open flames or which could produce sparks be provided for rags and waste impregnated with finishing materi- shall not be installed in a spraying area. als.Rags and waste impregnated with finishing materials shall be When such units are installed adjacent to a spraying area,they deposited in such waste cans immediately after use.The contents shall be equipped with an interlocked ventilating system arranged of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily and to: at the end of each shift. 1. Thoroughly ventilate the drying space before the heating 4502.10 Drying Apparatus. system can be started, 4502.10.1 General. Drying apparatus shall be in accordance 2. Maintain a safe atmosphere at any source of ignition,and with Section 4502.10 and Article 62. 3. Automatically shut down the heating system in the event of a 4502.10.2 Spray booths and spraying rooms. failure of the ventilating system. 4502.10.2.1 General. Spray booths and spraying rooms shall SECTION 4503—DIPPING OPERATIONS not be alternately used for the purpose of drying by arrangements which could cause a material increase in the surface temperature 4503.1 Location of Dip Tank Operations. When conducted in of the spray booth or spraying room unless in accordance with buildings used for assembly,institutional or residential occupan- Section 4502.10.2.2. ties,dip tank operations shall be located in a room designed for the purpose,protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system, 4502.10.2.2 Drying operations. and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas in ac- 4502.10.2.2.1 General. Spray booths and spraying rooms used cordance with the Building Code. for spraying operations with drying conducted therein using dry- 4503.2 Ventilation of Vapor Areas. Vapor areas shall be pro- ing apparatus shall be in accordance with Section 4502.10.2.2. vided with mechanical ventilation adequate to prevent the danger- 4502.10.2.2.2 Drying apparatus. Drying apparatus used in ous accumulation of vapors. spraying rooms shall be of the portable infrared type. Required ventilating systems shall be arranged such that the failure of any ventilating fan will automatically stop dipping con- Drying apparatus used in spray booths shall be of the portable veyor systems. infrared type, or if other types of drying apparatus are used,the spray booth, including drying apparatus, shall be listed and ap- 4503.3 Construction of Dip Tanks and Appurtenances. 1-98 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4503.3.1 4503.9.4 4503.3.1 General. Dip tanks, including drain boards if pro- 4503.6.1 General. Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be kept vided,shall be constructed of substantial noncombustible material as clear of combustible stock as practical and shall be kept entirely and their supports shall be of heavy metal,reinforced concrete or free of combustible debris. masonry. 4503.6.2 Waste receptacles. Approved metal waste cans shall 4503.3.2 Overflow. Dip tanks of over 150 gallons(568 L)in ca- be provided for waste and rags used in connection with dipping pacity or 10 square feet(0.93 m2)in liquid surface area shall be operations. Rags and waste impregnated with finishing material equipped with a properly trapped overflow pipe leading to a safe shall be deposited in such waste cans immediately after use.The location outside buildings. contents of waste cans shall be disposed of at the end of each shift by approved methods. The bottom of the overflow connection shall not be less than 6 inches(153 mm)below the top of the tank. 4503.7 Fire-extinguishing Equipment. 4503.3.3 Bottom drains. Dip tanks over 500 gallons(1893 L)in 4503.7.1 General. Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be pro- liquid capacity shall be equipped with automatic and manual bot- vided with portable fire extinguishers suitable for flammable liq- tom drains arranged to quickly drain the tank in event of fire,un- uid fires,as specified for extra(high)hazard occupancies in UFC less the viscosity of the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature Standard 10-1. makes this impractical.Manual operation shall be from a safely 4503.7.2 Fixed equipment. An approved automatic fire-extin- accessible location.Where gravity flow is not practical,automatic guishing system or dip tank covers in accordance with Section pumps shall be provided. 4503.8 shall be provided for: Such drains shall be trapped and discharged to a closed,proper- 1. Dip tanks of over 150-gallon(568 L)capacity or 10-square- ly vented salvage tank or to a safe outside location. foot(0.93 m2)liquid surface area,and 4503.3.4 Conveyor systems. Dip tanks utilizing a conveyor 2. Dip tanks containing a liquid with a flash point below 110°F (43.3 C),used in such manner that the liquid temperature could system shall be arranged such that the conveyor system will auto- equal or be greater than its flash point from artificial or natural matically stop and required bottom drains will open in the event of causes,and having both a capacity of more than 10 gallons(37.9 a fire. L)and a liquid surface area of more than 4 square feet(0.37 m2). 4503.4 Storage and Handling of Flammable and Combustible 4503.8 Dip Tank Covers. Liquids. The storage and handling of flammable or combustible 4503.8.1 General. Dip tanks shall be provided with an automat- ic-closing cover complying with Section 4503.8 unless they are 4503.5 Sources of Ignition. provided with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system as specified in Section 4503.7.2. 4503.5.1 General. Open flames and spark-producing devices shall not be located in vapor areas and shall not be located within 4503.8.2 Actuation. Covers shall be actuated by approved auto- shall feet(6096 mm)of vapor areas unless separated by a tight parti- shall also devices designed to operate in the event of fire and shall also be arranged for manual operation. tion. EXCEPTION: Drying and baking apparatus complying with Sec- 4503.8.3 Construction. Covers shall be of substantial noncom- tion 4502.10.3. bustible material or of tin-clad type with enclosing metal applied 4503.5.2 Hot surfaces. Heated surfaces having a temperature with locked joints. sufficient to ignite vapors shall not be located in vapor areas. 4503.8.4 Cover support and operating mechanisms. Chains or wire rope shall be used for cover support or operating mecha- 4503.5.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. nisms where the burning of a cord would interfere with the action of a device. 4503.5.3.1 Vapor areas. Electrical wiring and equipment in va- por areas shall be of an explosion-proof type approved for use in 4503.8.5 Tanks not in use. Covers shall be kept closed when such hazardous locations. Such areas shall be considered to be tanks are not in use. Class I, Division 1, hazardous locations in accordance with the 4503.9 Hardening and Tempering Tanks. Electrical Code. 4503.9.1 General. Hardening and tempering tanks shall be 4503.5.3.2 Areas subject to deposits of residues. Electrical in accordance with Sections 4503.3 through 4503.7 and Sec- equipment in the vicinity of dip tanks or associated drain boards or tion 4503.9, but shall be exempt from other provisions of Sec- drying operations which are subject to splashing or dripping of dip tion 4503. tank liquids shall be specifically approved for locations contain- 4503.9.2 Ignition sources and exposures. Tanks shall be lo- cated deposits of readily ignitible residue and explosive vapors. as far as practical from furnaces and shall not be located on EXCEPTIONS: 1. Wiring in rigid conduit,threaded boxes or fit- or near combustible floors. tings not containing taps,splices or terminal connections. 2. Equipment allowed by Section 4504 relating to electrostatic ap- 4503.9.3 Venting. Tanks shall be provided with a noncombus- paratus. tible hood and vent or other equally effective means venting to the outside of the building to serve as a vent in case of fire.Such vent 4503.5.3.3 Areas adjacent to vapor areas. Electrical wiring ducts shall be treated as flues and shall be kept away from combus- and equipment located outside of,but within 20 feet(6096 mm) tible roofs and materials. of, a vapor area and not separated from the vapor area by tight partitions, shall be approved for Class I, Division 2, hazardous 4503.9.4 Limit controls. Tanks shall be equipped with a high- locations in accordance with the Electrical Code. temperature limit switch arranged to sound an alarm when the temperature of the quenching medium reaches 50OF(10°C)below 4503.6 Operations and Maintenance. the flash point. 1--99 4503.9.5 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4505A 4503.9.5 Fire protection. Hardening and tempering tanks of 1. Stopped ventilating fans or failure of ventilating equipment over 500-gallon(1893 L)capacity or 25-square-foot(2.32 m2)liq- from any cause, uid surface area shall be protected as specified in Sec- 2. Stopped conveyor carrying goods past the high-voltage grid, tion 4503.7.2. 3. Occurrence of a ground or of an imminent ground at any 4503.9.6 Use of air pressure. Air under pressure shall not be point on the high-voltage system,or used to fill or to agitate oil in tanks. 4. Reduction of clearance below that specified in Sec- 4503.10 Coating Operations. tion 4504.2.1. 4503.10.1 General. Flow coat operations shall be in accordance 4504.3 Guards and Signs. with the requirements for dip tanks,considering the area of sump 4504.3.1 Barriers. Adequate booths,fencing,railings or guards and any areas on which paint flows as the area of a dip tank. shall be placed about the equipment such that either by their loca- 4503.10.2 Paint supply. Paint shall be supplied by a direct low- tion or character,or both,they ensure that a safe isolation of the pressure pumping arranged to automatically shut down in case of process is maintained from plant storage and personnel.Such rail- fire by means of approved heat-actuated devices,or by a gravity ings, fencing and guards shall be of conductive material, ade- tank not exceeding 10 gallons(37.9 L)in capacity. quately grounded, and shall be at least 5 feet (1524 mm) from processing equipment. 4503.10.3 Roll coating, spreading and impregnating. The 4504.3.2 Signs. Signs designating the process zone as danger- process of roll coating,spreading and impregnating in which fab- ous with respect to fire and accident hazards shall be posted. ric, paper or other material is passed directly through a tank or trough containing Class I or 11 liquids,or over the surface of a roll- 4504.4 Maintenance. er that revolves partially submerged in a flammable liquid, shall be in accordance with Section 4503.10.4 and the applicable provi- 4504.4.1 Insulator. Insulators shall be kept clean and dry. sions of Sections 4501,4502 and 4503. 4504.4.2 Drip plates and screens. Drip plates and screens sub- 4503.10.4 Ignition sources. Adequate arrangements shall be Ject to paint deposits shall be removable and shall be taken to a safe made to prevent sparks from static electricity by electrically bond- place for cleaning. ing and grounding all metallic rotating and other parts of machin- 4504.5 Ventilation. The spraying area shall be adequately ven- ery and equipment and by the installation of static collectors or tilated so as to ensure a safe condition from a fire and health stand- maintaining a conductive atmosphere by means such as high rela- point. tive humidity. 4504.6 Fire Protection. Areas used for electrostatic spray fin- ishing with fixed equipment shall be protected with an approved SECTION 4504—ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS automatic fire-extinguishing system. 4504.1 Equipment Type and Location. SECTION 4505—POWDER COATING 4504.1.1 General. Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in 4505.1 General. Operations using finely ground particles of connection with paint spraying and paint detearing operations protective finishing material applied in dry powder form by fluid- shall be of approved types. ized bed,electrostatic fluidized bed,powder spray guns or electro- 4504.1.2 Location of equipment. Transformers,power packs, static powder spray guns shall be in accordance with Sec- control apparatus and other electric portions of the equipment, tion 4505. with the exception of high-voltage grids and electrostatic atomiz- Each method requires certain essential protective measures ing heads,the hand gun and their connections,shall be located out- which shall be compatible with the method employed. side of spraying or vapor areas or shall be in accordance with Sections 4502.4 and 4503.5. 4505.2 Location and Construction of Powder Coating Rooms and Booths. Powder coating operations shall be conducted in 4504.1.3 Construction of equipment. Electrodes and electro- completely enclosed rooms constructed of noncombustible mate- static atomizing heads shall be of substantial construction,shall be rials, enclosed powder coating facilities which are adequately rigidly supported in permanent locations and shall be effectively ventilated,or adequately ventilated spray booths meeting the re- insulated from ground. Insulators shall be nonporous and non- quirements of Section 4502.2. combustible. When used,fine wire elements shall be under ten- sion at all times and shall be of unkinked hardened steel or 4505.3 Sources of Ignition. Electrical equipment and other material of comparable strength. sources of ignition shall be in accordance with the Electrical Code. 4504.2 Controls. When parts are heated prior to coating,the temperature of the parts shall not exceed the ignition temperature of the powder to be 4504.2.1 Clear space. A space of at least twice the sparking dis- used. tance shall be maintained between goods being painted or de- Precautions shall be taken to minimize the possibility of igni- teared and electrodes, electrostatic atomizing heads or tion by static electrical sparks through static grounding, where conductors.A suitable sign stating the sparking distance shall be possible, of powder transport, application and recovery equip- conspicuously posted near the assembly. ment. 4504.2.2 Emergency shut down. Electrostatic apparatus shall 4505.4 Ventilation. Exhaust ventilation shall be sufficient to be equipped with automatic controls which will operate without maintain the atmosphere below the lowest explosive limits for the time delay to disconnect the power supply to the high-voltage material being applied. Nondeposited, air-suspended powders transformer and to signal the operator under any of the following shall be safely removed through exhaust ducts to the powder re- conditions: covery cyclone or receptacle. 1-100 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4505.5 4506.7 4505.5 Drying, Curing and Fusion Equipment. Drying, cur- flame-detection device, automatic controls shall initiate the fol- ing and fusion equipment shall be in accordance with Article 62. lowing: 4505.6 Operation and Maintenance. 1. Electrical and pneumatic energy supplies to conveyor,ven- tilation, application, transfer and powder collection equipment 4505.6.1 Dust accumulation. Areas including but not limited to shall be disconnected, horizontal surfaces, such as ledges,beams,pipes,hoods,booths and floors,shall be kept free of accumulations of powder coating 2. Dampers in associated ductwork shall close to interrupt air- dusts. flows from the application equipment to the powder collectors, and 4505.6.2 Cleaning methods. Surfaces shall be cleaned in a 3. An alarm which is audible throughout the powder coating manner which avoids scattering dust to other places or creating room or booth shall activate. dust clouds. Equipment shall be approved for use in hazardous locations. 4505.6.3 Spark-producing metals. Care shall be exercised to SECTION 4506—ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND prevent iron or spark-producing metals from being introduced DUAL-COMPONENT COATINGS into the powders being applied.Acceptable methods include mag- 4506.1 General. netic and filter-type separators. 4506.1.1 Contamination prevention. Extreme care should he 4505.6.4 Smoking. NO SMOKING signs in accordance with exercised at all times to prevent the contamination of organic per- Section 1109.4 shall be conspicuously posted at powder coating oxide initiators with foreign substances. See also Sec- areas and powder storage rooms. tion 4506.1.4. 4505.7 Fixed Electrostatic Spraying Equipment. In addition 4506.1.2 Equipment. Spray guns and related handling equip- to Section 4505, Section 4504 shall apply to fixed electrostatic ment used with organic peroxides shall he specifically manufac- equipment. tured for such use. 4505.8 Electrostatic Fluidized Beds. 4506.1.3 Pressure tanks. Separate pressure vessels and inserts 4505.8.1 General. Electrostatic fluidized beds and associated specific for the application shall be used for the resin and for the equipment shall be of approved types.The maximum surface tem- organic peroxide,and they shall not be interchanged.Organic per- perature of such equipment in the coating area shall not exceed oxide pressure tank inserts shall be constructed of stainless steel or 150°F(65.6°C).High voltage circuits shall not produce sparks of polyethylene. sufficient intensity to ignite powder-air mixtures or result in a 4506.1.4 Residue control. Care shall be exercised to prevent shock hazard upon coming in contact with a grounded object un- contamination of materials by dusts and overspray residues result- der normal operating conditions. ing from the sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing 4505.8.2 Location of equipment. Transformers,power packs, organic peroxides. control apparatus and other electrical portions of equipment,with 4506.1.5 Spilled material. Spilled peroxides shall be promptly the exception of the charging electrodes and their connections to removed so there are no residues.Spilled material absorbed by us- the power supply,shall be located outside of powder coating areas ing a noncombustible absorbent shall be promptly disposed of in or shall be in accordance with Section 4505. accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. 4505.8.3 Grounding. Electrically conductive objects within the 4506.2 Use of Organic Peroxide Coatings. Spraying opera- charging influence of the electrodes shall be adequately grounded. tions involving the use of organic peroxides and other dual-com- The powder coating equipment shall carry a prominent,perma- ponent coatings shall be conducted in approved sprinklered spray nently installed warning regarding the necessity for grounding booths meeting the requirements of Section 4502. these objects. Objects being coated shall be maintained in contact with the 4506.3 Storage. The storage of organic peroxides shall be in ac- conveyor or other support in order to ensure proper grounding. cordance with Article 80. Hangers shall be regularly cleaned to ensure effective contact,and 4506.4 Handling. To avoid decomposition and violent reaction areas of contact shall be sharp points or knife edges where pos- hazards,care shall be exercised in handling organic peroxides to sible. avoid shock and friction. 4505.8.4 Ventilation interlock Electrical equipment shall be 4506.5 Mixing. To avoid violent decomposition and explosion interlocked with the ventilation system such that the equipment hazards,organic peroxides shall not be mixed directly with accel- cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation. erators or promoters. 4505.9 Fire Protection. 4506.6 Sources of Ignition. Smoking shall be prohibited and 4505.9.1 General. Areas used for powder coating shall be pro- NO SMOKING signs shall be prominently displayed.See Section tected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system. 1109.4. Only nonsparking tools shall be used in areas where or- 4505.9.2 Additional protection for fixed systems. Fixed pow- ganic peroxides are stored,mixed or applied. der application equipment shall be protected by the installation of 4506.7 Personnel Qualifications. Personnel working with or- approved flame-detection devices designed to react to the pres- ganic peroxides and dual-component coatings shall be specifical- ence of flame within one-half second.Upon detection of a fire by a ly trained to work with these materials. 1-101 4506.7 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4506.7 1-102 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE 4601 ARTICLE 46-- FRUIT-RIPENING PROCESSES SECTION 4601 —SCOPE proved electric,gas or kerosene beaters.Combustion type heaters Fruit-ripening processes in heated rooms and ripening processes shall have sealed combustion chambers. where ethylene gas is introduced into a room to assist the ripening 4605.2 Clearance. Steam and hot-water pipes and radiators process shall be in accordance with Article 46. shall have a clearance of at least 1 inch(25.4 nun)to combustible Cylinders of compressed gases shall be stored in accordance material. with Articles 74 and 80. Gas heaters and their vents shall be installed in accordance with the Mechanical Code.Gas heaters shall be equipped with an auto- SECTION 4602—PERMITS matic pilot device to shut off the gas supply when the flame is ex- For a permit for a fruit-ripening process, see Section 105, tinguished. Permit£4. 4605.3 Combustion Air. Combustion air for burners in gas and kerosene heaters shall be taken from outside the ripening room. SECTION 4603—USE OF ETHYLENE Products of combustion shall be discharged to the outside. 4603.1 General. The location of buildings in which fruit-ripen- 4605.4 Installation. Fuel-fired heaters shall be installed in ac- ing processes utilizing ethylene are conducted shall be approved. cordance with the Mechanical Code. 4603.2 Concentration Controls. Ethylene shall be introduced 4605.5 Electric Heaters. Electric heaters shall be of a type by a means under positive control and measured so that the quanti- which does not have exposed surfaces with temperatures higher ty introduced does not exceed one part ethylene to 1,000 parts of than 800°F (426.7°C). Thermostatic elements in such heaters air. shall not produce sparks and shall be of a type approved for use in 4603.3 Container Construction. Containers storing ethylene hazardous locations. shall be in accordance with Section 7401.4. 4605.6 Guards. Protective guards shall be provided around 4603.4 Piping. Piping containing ethylene shall be constructed heaters to prevent heaters from being knocked over by other of iron.Flexible connectors and hose,when used, shall be of an equipment such as vehicles or lift trucks. approved type. Tubing shall be of brass or copper with not less than 0.049-inch(1.2 mm)wall thickness. SECTION 4606—SOURCES OF IGNITION SECTION 4604—ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND 4606.1 Open Flames and Lights. Open-flame heaters and open ILLUMINATION lights shall not be located in ripening rooms. 4604.1 Electrical Equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. 4606.2 Smoking. NO SMOKING signs shall be posted at every entrance,and smoking shall be prohibited in ripening rooms. See 4604.2 Illumination. Sources other than electrical lighting shall Section 1109.4. not be used for supplemental illumination. SECTION 4605—HEATING SECTION 4607—HOUSEKEEPING 4605.1 General. Heating of ripening rooms shall be by indirect Ripening rooms shall be frequently cleared of combustible mate- means with low-pressure steam; hot water or warm air; or ap- rials. 1-103 4607 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4607 1-104 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE 4701 ARTICLE 47- FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING SECTION 4701 —SCOPE SECTION 4706—WATCH DURING FUMIGATION Fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging operations shall be Where a flammable gas or substance generating a flammable gas in accordance with Article 47. is used for fumigation,the employer shall provide 24-hour super- vision from the time the premises have been fumigated until ven- SECTION 4702—PERMITS tilation work has been completed. EXCEPTION: Approved gas-tight vaults and tanks. For a permit to engage in the business of fumigation or thermal in- secticidal fogging or to maintain a fumigation room, vault or chamber in which a toxic or flammable fumigant is used,see Sec- SECTION 4707—SEALING OF BUILDINGS tion 105,Permit f.5. Paper and other similar materials which are not flame resistant shall not be used to wrap or cover a building in excess of that re- SECTION 4703—SOURCES OF IGNITION quired for the sealing of cracks,casements and similar openings. 4703.1 General. Fires,open flames and similar sources of igni- EXCEPTION: Approved tarps. tion shall be eliminated from spaces under fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. Heating,if needed,shall be of an approved SECTION 4708—WARNING SIGNS type. Where fumigants are used or stored, conspicuous warning signs 4703.2 Electrical Equipment. If the fumigant used has a flam- bearing the "skull and crossbones" emblem with the warning mability rating of 2 or higher as set forth in Table 4703-A,the elec- DANGER! POISON GAS! KEEP OUT! and designating the tric service shall be disconnected outside of the premises. If the name of the fumigant and the fumigator's name,address and tele- fumigant has a flammability rating of less than 2,electric service phone number shall be posted in a manner which provides ade- need not be disconnected. quate waming. When fumigants having a flammability rating of 2 or higher are used,temporary remote control power leads with control switches SECTION 4709—VENTING AND CLEANUP located outside the fumigated space are allowed for powering fu- migant-circulating fans in the fumigated space.Such fans shall be At the end of the exposure period, fumigators shall safely and approved for the intended use. properly ventilate the premises and contents;properly dispose of fumigant containers,residues,debris and other materials used for SECTION 4704—NOTIFICATION OF FUMIGATION such fumigation;and clear obstructions from gas-fired appliance vents. The chief shall be notified in writing at least 24 hours before any building, structure or ship is to be closed in connection with the use of toxic or flammable fumigants. SECTION 4710—THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING EXCEPTION: In warehouses or other structures used for the stor- LIQUIDS age of produce,tarp-enclosed fumigation of not more than 5 percent of Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids having a flash point below the total volume of the warehouse is allowed without notification when 100°F(37.8°C)shall not be used. the fumigation is conducted by a licensed fumigator. SECTION 4705—BREATHING APPARATUS SECTION 4711 —CARBON DISULFIDE AND Persons engaged in the business of fumigation or thermal insecti- HYDROGEN CYANIDE cidal fogging shall maintain and have available approved protec- The use of carbon disulfide(CS2)and hydrogen cyanide(HCN) tive breathing apparatus. shall be restricted to agricultural fumigation. 1-105 TABLE 4703-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 4703-A—CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED FUMIGANTS BOILING DEGREE OF POINT(°F) FLAMMABLE HAZARDSZ WATER CHEMICAL NAME FORMIULACAL. -32 x 5/9 for°C SOLUBLE LIMITS H F R (%YOL.IN AIR) REMARKS Acrylonitrile3 CH2CHCN 171 No 3-17 4 3 2 May polymerize violently on contact with alkali unless inhibited.Decomposes and releases hydrogen cyanide at high temperatures or in contact with acids. Aluminum Phosphide A1P See Phosphine Not flammable in dry state but reacts with (formulated) moisture to produce phosphine gas. Benzene3 C6H6 176 No 1.3-7.1 2 3 0 Can be absorbed through skin. Calcium Cyanide Ca(CN)2 See Hydrogen Cyanide Reacts slowly with moisture to release hydrogen cyanide. Carbon Disulfide3 CS2 115 No 1.3-44 2 3 0 Low ignition temperature-212°F(100°C). Carbon Tetrachloride3 C C14 170 No None 2 0 0 Decomposes at elevated temperatures to form phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Chlor0f0rm3 CH C13 142 No None 2 0 0 Decomposes at elevated temperatures to form phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Chloropicrin CC13 NO2 233.6 No None 4 0 1 Causes severe eye irritation(tear gas).May decompose violently when heated above 390°F (199°C). Ethylene Dibromide CH2Br CH2Br 268.7 No None 3 0 0 Ethylene Dichloride3 CH2C1 CH2C1 183 No 6.2-16 2 3 0 Decomposes at elevated temperatures to give off phosgene. Ethylene Oxide3 CH2OCH2 51 Yes 3-100 2 4 3 May polymerize violently in contact with highly reactive catalytic surfaces.Cannot depend upon odor for warming. Hydrogen Cyanide HCN 79 Yes 6-41 4 4 2 Almond-like odor,but do not depend upon odor for warning.May polymerize violently when unstabilized.Can be absorbed through skin. Methyl Bromide CH313r 40 No 10-16 3 1 0 Phosphine PH3 -125 No 1.79 3 4 1 Decomposes when heated to give phosphorus oxides.Low ignition temperature 212 to 302°F (100 to 150°C).Explosive under vacuum fumigation conditions. Propylene Oxide3 CH2CHOCH3 95 Yes 2.1-21.5 2 4 2 Cannot depend upon odor for warning. Sulfur Dioxide3 S02 14 Slightly None 3 0 0 Vapors are corrosive to some metals. Sulfuryl fluoride S02F2 -67 1 No None 2 0 0 Cannot depend upon odor for warning. tFrom standpoint of use of water for extinguishment by dilution. 2H=Health,F=Flammability,R=Reactivity.If the fumigant is a mixture of compounds,use numbers corresponding to the properties of the mixture.See UFC Stan- dard 79-3. 3Seldom used singly as fumigant,but used as components of mixtures. 1-106 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4801 ARTICLE 48- MAGNESIUM SECTION 4801 —SCOPE in the direction of air flow and without unused capped side outlets, pockets or other dead-end spaces which might allow an accumula- Storage, handling and processing of magnesium, including the tion of dust. pure metal and alloys of which the major part is magnesium,shall be in accordance with Article 48. 4807.1.3 Independent dust separators. Each machine shall be equipped with an individual dust-separating unit. SECTION 4802—PERMITS EXCEPTIONS: 1. One separator is allowed to serve two dust- producing units on multi-unit machines. For a permit for the melting,casting,heat treating,machining or 2. One separator is allowed to serve not more than four portable grinding of magnesium,see Section 105,Permit m.1. dust-producing units in a single enclosure or stand. 4807.2 Power Supply Interlock. Power supply to machines shall be interlocked with exhaust air flow,and liquid pressure lev- SECTION 4803—STORAGE OF PIGS, INGOTS AND el or flow.Interlocks shall provide for improper functioning of the BILLETS dust removal and separator system to shut down the machine it 4803.1 Outdoor Storage. Outdoor storage of magnesium pigs, serves. ingots and billets shall be in piles not exceeding 1,000,000 pounds 4807.3 Electrical Equipment. Electric wiring, fixtures and (453 592.3 kg)each,separated by aisles not less in width than one equipment in the immediate vicinity of and attached to dust-pro- half the pile height,and separated from combustible materials or ducing machines,including those used in connection with separa- buildings on the same or adjoining property by a distance of not for equipment, shall be of approved types and shall be approved less than the height of the nearest pile. for use in Class H,Division 1 hazardous locations in accordance 4803.2 Indoor Storage. Indoor storage of pigs,ingots and bil- with the Electrical Code. lets shall be on floors of noncombustible construction,in piles not 4807.4 Grounding. Equipment shall be securely grounded by larger than 500,000 pounds(226 796.2 kg)each,and separated by permanent ground wires in accordance with the Electrical Code. aisles not less in width than one half the pile height. SECTION 4808—FIRE-EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS SECTION 4804—MELTING POTS A supply of approved extinguishing materials in a substantial con- Floors under and around melting pots shall be of noncombustible tainer with a hand scoop or shovel for applying material on mag- construction. nesium fires or an approved extinguisher unit designed for use with such material shall be kept within easy reach of every opera- tor performing a machining,grinding or other processing opera- SECTION 4805—STORAGE OF MAGNESIUM tion on magnesium. ARTICLES IN FOUNDRIES AND PROCESSING PLANTS SECTION 4809—STORAGE OF MAGNESIUM The size of storage piles of magnesium articles in foundries and ARTICLES processing plants shall not exceed 1,250 cubic feet (35.4 m3). Storage piles shall be separated by aisles not less in width than one 4809.1 General. Magnesium storage in quantity greater than half the pile height. 50 cubic feet(1.4 m3)shall be separated from storage of other ma- terials that are either combustible or in combustible containers by aisles equal in width to not less than the height of the magnesium SECTION 4806—HEAT-TREATING OVENS piles. Approved means shall be provided for control of magnesium fires 4809.2 Storage of Greater than 1,000 Cubic Feet (28.3 in heat-treating ovens. m3). Magnesium storage in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3)shall be separated into piles,each not larger than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3)with aisles between equal in width to SECTION 4807—MAGNESIUM PROCESSING not less than the pile height. Such storage shall not be located in OPERATIONS unsprinklered combustible buildings. 4807.1 Dust Collection. 4809.3 Storage in Combustible Containers or within 30 Feet (9144 mm)of Other Combustibles. Magnesium stored in com- 4807.1.1 General. Magnesium grinding, buffing and wire bustible containers or within 30 feet(9144 mm)of other combus- brushing operations,other than rough finishing of castings,shall tibles shall not be stored in unsprinklered combustible buildings. be provided with suitable hoods or enclosures for dust collection which are connected to a liquid precipitation type of separator that converts dust to sludge without contact in a dry state with any SECTION 4810--FINE MAGNESIUM SCRAP 1 high-speed moving parts. i 4810.1 Collection. Chips, turnings and other fine magnesium 4807.1.2 Duct construction. Connecting ducts or suction tubes scrap shall be collected from the pans or spaces under machines shall be completely grounded,as short as possible, and without and from other places where they collect at least once each work- unnecessary bends. Ducts shall be carefully fabricated and as- ing day. Such material shall be placed in a covered, vented steel sembled,with a smooth interior,with internal lap joints pointing container and removed to a safe location. 1-107 4810.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4810.2.3 4810.2 Storage. 50 feet(15 240 mm)or by an area separation wall constructed in 4810.2.1 General. Magnesium fines shall be kept separate from accordance with the Building Code. other combustible materials. 4810.2.3 Storage of greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28.3 4810.2.2 Storage of 50 to 1,000 cubic feet (1.4 m3 to 28.3 m3). Storage of fine magnesium scrap in quantities greater than m3). Storage of fine magnesium scrap in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28.3 m3) shall be separated from all buildings 50 cubic feet(1.4 m3)[six 55-gallon(208 L)steel drums]shall be other than those used for magnesium scrap recovery operations by separated from other occupancies by an open space of at least a distance of not less than 100 feet(30 480 mm). 1-108 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4901 ARTICLE 49- HOT WORK SECTION 4901 —GENERAL 4901.5.3 Combustibles. Hot-work areas shall not contain com- bustibles or shall be provided with appropriate shielding to pre- 4901.1 Scope. The use of welding, cutting and other hot-work vent sparks,slag or heat from igniting exposed combustibles. equipment shall be in accordance with Article 49. 4901.5.4 Openings. Openings or cracks in walls,floors,ducts or EXCEPTION:Hot work under special permit,hot work allowed shafts within the hot-work area shall be tightly covered to prevent with alternate requirements in conjunction with ship construction or re- pair,or hot work in confined spaces need not comply with Article 49. the passage of sparks to adjacent combustible areas,or shielding by metal or fire-resistant guards or curtains shall be provided to For construction,alteration and work requirements at terminals Prevent passage of sparks or slag. and refineries,and tank construction or repair,see Section 7904.7. Where hot work is performed above locations where persons Storage, use and handling of hazardous materials associated are likely to pass,noncombustible shields shall be used for protec- with hot work shall be in accordance with the specific articles tion from sparks and hot metal or oxide. which regulate the materials. 4901.5.5 Housekeeping. Floors shall be kept clean within the Compressed gases shall be in accordance with Article 74. hot-work area. Storage of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Ar- 4901.5.6 Conveyor systems. Conveyor systems that could title 80. carry sparks to distant combustibles shall be shielded or shut 4901.2 Definitions. down. 4901.2.1 General. For definitions, see Article 2. 4901.6 Pre-hot-work Check. 4901.2.2 Limited application. For the purposes of Article 49, 4901.6.1 General. A pre-hot-work check shall be conducted in certain terms are defined as follows: accordance with Section 4901.6. HOT WORK is operations including cutting,welding,use of 4901.6.2 Hot-work equipment inspection. Hot-work equip- open torch,brazing,glass blowing or similar operations. ment shall be inspected by the operator prior to use. HOT-WORK AREA is the area which is exposed to sparks, 4901.6.3 Hot-work site inspection. The hot-work site shall be hot slag,or radiant or convective heat as a result of the hot work. inspected by the individual responsible for the hot work for com- pliance with Section 4901.5.The inspection of the hot-work site HOT-WORK EQUIPMENT is electric or gas welding or cut- shall ensure that: ting equipment used for hot work. 1. The hot-work site is clear of combustibles or that combus- 4901.3 Permits. For permits to conduct hot work, see Section tibles are protected; 105.8,Permit h.3. 2.Exposed construction is of noncombustible materials or that 4901.4 Fire Watch. combustible materials are protected; 3.Openings are protected; 4901.4.1 General. A fire watch, in accordance with Section 4.Floors are kept clean; 4901.4,shall be provided during hot-work activities and shall con- tinue for a minimum of 30 minutes after the conclusion of the 5. There are no exposed combustibles on the opposite side of work.The chief is authorized to extend the fire watch based on the partitions,walls,ceilings and floors; hazards or work being performed. 6.Fire watches are assigned,equipped and trained;and EXCEPTION:A fire watch is not required when the hot-work area 7.Fire extinguishers shall be verified as operable and available. has no fire hazards or combustible exposures. 4901.4.2 Location. The fire watch shall include the entire hot- 4901.6.4 Report. A sign-off sheet that indicates that required work area.Hot work conducted in areas with vertical or horizontal safety precautions listed in Section 4901.6 have been accom- fire exposures that are not observable by a single individual shall plished shall be available at the work site. The sheet shall be have additional personnel assigned to fire watches to ensure that signed by the individual responsible for the hot work. exposed areas are monitored. 4901.7 Cylinders. 4901.4.3 Duties. Individuals designated to fire watch duty shall 4901.7.1 Manifolding of cylinders. have fire-extinguishing equipment readily available and shall be trained in the use of such equipment. Individuals assigned to fire 4901.7.1.1 Oxygen manifolds. Oxygen manifolds shall not be watch duty shall be responsible for extinguishing spot fires and located in an acetylene generator room or in close proximity to communicating an alarm. cylinders of combustible gases. Oxyger manifolds shall be lo- cated away from material such as oil,grease or any substance like- 4901.5 Hot-work Area. ly to cause or accelerate fire. 4901.5.1 General. Hot-work areas shall be in accordance with 4901.7.1.2 Fuel-gas manifolds. Where it is necessary to man- Section 4901.5. ifold fuel-gas cylinders having an aggregate gas capacity in excess of the exempt amounts in Table 8001.15-A, cylinders and man- 4901.5.2 Prohibited areas. Hot work shall not be conducted in ifolds shall be located outside or in a room or a building complying rooms or areas where flammable liquids or vapors, lint, dust,or with the Building Code for a Group H, Division 2 Occupancy. combustible storage is at risk of ignition from sparks or hot metal Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Sec- from the hot work or in other locations as determined by the chief. tion 8003.1.4. 1-109 4901.7.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4902.3 4901.7.2 Location. Portable oxygen/fuel gas welding equip- 4901.9 Fire Protection. A minimum 2-A,20-B:C-rated fire ex- ment located inside of buildings shall be stored in a well-venti- tinguisher or a charged water hose equipped with a nozzle shall be lated dry location at least 20 feet (6096 mm) from combustible located within 30 feet(9144 mm)of the location where hot work is material and away from elevators, stairs, gangways or means of in progress and shall be accessible without climbing stairs or lad- egress. ders. 4901.7.3 Maximum pressure. Acetylene shall not be utilized at 4901.10 Identification Signs. Visible hazard identification a pressure in excess of 15 psi gage(103.4 IcPa). signs shall be provided when required by Section 8001.7. 4901.7.4 Hydrocarbon residues. Cylinders, cylinder valves, When the hot-work area is accessible to persons other than the couplings, regulator hose and apparatus shall be kept free from operator of the hot-work equipment,conspicuous signs shall be grease,oil or other hydrocarbon residues.Oxygen cylinders or ap- posted to warn others before they enter the hot-work area. Such paratus shall not be handled with oily hands or gloves. signs shall display the following warning: 4901.7.5 Hoses. Damaged, leaking or worn hoses shall not be CAUTION—HOT WORK IN PROCESS—STAY CLEAR used. 4901.8 Arc-welding Equipment. 4901.8.1 Installation. Electrical equipment shall be in accor- SECTION 4902—FIXED HOT-WORK AREAS dance with the manufacturer's recommendations and the Electri- 4902.1 Fixed Hot-work Areas. Fixed hot-work areas shall be in cal Code. accordance with Sections 4901 and 4902. 4901.8.2 Emergency disconnect. A switch or circuit breaker shall be provided so that fixed electric welders and control equip- 4902.2 Floors. Floors in fixed hot-work areas shall have non- ment can be disconnected from the supply circuit.The disconnect combustible surfaces. shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.The dis- shall be marked EMERGENCY DISCONNECT and 4902.3 Partitions. Partitions segregating hot-work areas shall connect shall visible from the equipment. be noncombustible and shall be securely connected to the floor so that there is no gap between the floor and the partition.Walls shall 4901.8.3 Damaged cable. Damaged cables shall be removed prevent the passage of sparks, slag and heat from the hot-work from service until properly repaired or replaced. area. 1-110 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5001 ARTICLE 50- MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS SECTION 5001 —SCOPE Loading and unloading structures and platforms for flammable and combustible liquids shall be designed and installed in accor- Processes manufacturing protective and decorative finishes or dance with Section 7904.5. coating for industrial,automotive,marine,transportation,institu- tional, household or other purposes, including the handling of Tank cars for Class I or II liquids shall be unloaded in a manner flammable or combustible liquids,combustible solids and dusts, which is reasonably safe to persons and property. shall be in accordance with Article 50. Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids shall be EXCEPTION: Processes manufacturing nonflammable or water- loaded and unloaded in accordance with Section 7904.5. thinned coatings and operations applying coating materials. 5005.4 Storage of Finished Products. Finished products that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored outside of SECTION 5002—DEFINITIONS buildings,in a separate building,or in a room separated from the For definition of ORGANIC COATING,see Article 2. processing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with the Building Code. The storage of finished products shall be in tanks or in closed containers in accordance SECTION 5003—PERMITS with Article 79. For permits for organic coating manufacturing operations, see 5005.5 Nitrocellulose Storage. Section 105,Permit o.2. 5005.5.1 Location. The nitrocellulose storage area shall be in a separate building or in a room which is separated from the proc- SECTION 5004—PROCESS BUILDINGS essing area by a two-hour occupancy separation constructed in ac- cordance with the Building Code. Nitrocellulose storage areas 5004.1 General. Manufacturing of organic coatings shall be shall not be used for other purposes.Electrical wiring and equip- performed only in buildings meeting the requirements of a Group ment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. H Occupancy as specified in the Building Code. Such buildings shall not have pits or basements and shall be provided with ap- 5005.5.2 Containers. Nitrocellulose shall be stored in closed proved explosion control. See the Building Code. containers.Barrels shall be stored on end and,if tiered,not more than two high.Barrels and other containers of nitrocellulose shall 5004.2 Location. Organic coating manufacturing operations not be opened in the main storage building.Barrels and other con- and operations incidental to or connected with organic coating tainers shall be opened at the point of use or another location set manufacturing shall not be located in buildings having other occu- aside for this purpose. pancies. 50055.3 Spills. Spilled nitrocellulose shall be promptly wetted 5004.3 Firefighting Access. Organic coating manufacturing with water and disposed of by use or by burning in the open at a operations shall be accessible from at least one side for the pur- suitable detached location. pose of fire control. 5005.6 Organic Peroxides. The storage of organic peroxides 5004.4 Ventilation. Process buildings in which Class I liquids shall be in accordance with Article 80. are processed or handled shall be provided with ventilation in ac- The size of packages containing organic peroxides shall be se- cordance with Section 7903.2.3.4.2. lected so that,as nearly as practical,full packages are utilized at 5004.5 Heating. When provided, heating in hazardous areas one time.Spilled peroxide shall be promptly cleaned up and dis- shall be provided by indirect means.Ignition sources such as open posed of as recommended by the supplier. flames and electrical heating elements shall not be used within process buildings unless in accordance with Section 5011. SECTION 5006—SPILL CONTROL, DRAINAGE CONTROL AND SECONDARY CONTAINMENT SECTION 5005—STORAGE OF RAW MATERIALS Buildings,rooms and areas shall be provided with a means to con- AND FINISHED PRODUCTS trol spills and to contain or drain spills and fire protection water in 5005.1 General. The storage, use and handling of flammable accordance with Section 7901.8. and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79. 5005.2 Tanks in Buildings. Tank storage for flammable and SECTION 5007—PROCESS MILLS, MIXERS AND KETTLES combustible liquids inside of buildings shall be in storage areas at or above grade which are separated from the processing area by a 5007.1 Mill Location. Mills operating with close clearances two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with and used for the processing of flammable and heat-sensitive mate- the Building Code. rials,such as nitrocellulose,shall be located in a detached building EXCEPTION: Quantities in processing equipment essential to the or in a noncombustible structure without other occupancies.The continuity of operations. amount of nitrocellulose or other flammable material brought into 5005.3 Tank Car and Tank Vehicle Loading and Unloading the area shall not be more than that required for a batch. Facilities. Tank car and tank vehicle loading and unloading sta- 5007.2 Mixers. Mixers shall be of an enclosed type or an open tions for Class I liquids shall be separated from processing areas, type provided with properly fitted covers.Where gravity flow is other plant buildings,property lines to property that could be built used,a shutoff valve shall be installed as close as practical to the upon,or public thoroughfares by a clear space of not less than 25 mixer,and a control valve shall be provided near the end of the fill feet(7620 mm). pipe. 1-111 5007.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5013.1 5007.3 Kettles. SECTION 5010—RAW MATERIALS IN PROCESS 5007.3.1 Location. Open-fire kettles shall be located in an out- AREAS side area,provided with a protective roof or in a separate building 5010.1 Nitrocellulose. The amount of nitrocellulose brought of noncombustible construction or separated from other areas by a into process areas shall not exceed that required for a shift.Spilled two-hour occupancy separation constructed in accordance with nitrocellulose shall be promptly swept up,put into a pail of water, the Building Code. removed at the end of the day or shift,and disposed of by use or by 5007.3.2 Vaporizer location. The vaporizer section of heat- burning in the open at a suitable detached location. transfer systems heating closed kettles containing solvents shall 5010.2 Organic Peroxides. Organic peroxides brought into be remotely located. process areas shall be in the original shipping container and shall not exceed the quantity required for a shift.When in the process 5007.3.3 Safety features. Contact-heated kettles containing area, peroxide shall not be placed in areas exposed to ignition solvents shall be equipped with safety devices that turn the process sources,heat or mechanical shocks. heat off,turn the cooling medium on and inject inert gas into the kettle in the event of fire. SECTION 5011 —ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Kettles and thin-down tanks shall be instrumented,controlled 5011.1 General. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply and interlocked so that any failure of the controls will result in a with the Electrical Code.. safe condition.The kettle shall be provided with a pressure rupture disc in case the normal vent becomes inoperative.The vent piping 5011.2 Class I,Division 1 Areas. Where Class I liquids are ex- from the rupture disc shall be of a minimum length and shall dis- posed to the air,the design of equipment and ventilation of build- charge to a safe location. Thin-down tanks shall be adequately ings shall limit the Class 1,Division 1 locations to pits,the interior vented. Thinning operations shall be provided with an adequate of equipment and the immediate vicinity of pumps or equipment vapor-removal system. locations such as dispensing stations,open centrifuges,plate and frame filters,opened vacuum filters,change cans and the surfaces of open equipment. The immediate vicinity shall include a zone SECTION 5008—PROCESS PIPING extending from the vapor liberation point 20 feet(6096 nun)hori- 5008.1 General. Piping,valves and fittings shall be designed for zontally in all directions and vertically from the floor to a level the working pressures and structural stresses to which they could 6 feet(1829 mm)above the highest point of vapor liberation. be subjected. Piping, valves and fittings shall be constructed of 5011.3 Class I,Division 2 Areas. Locations not covered by Sec- steel or other material approved for the intended service. tion 5011.2 where Class I liquids are handled shall be Class I,Di- vision 2. If the flash point of the liquid processed is higher than valves Valves. Valves shall be an indicating type. Terminal ambient temperature and at least 100°F(37.8°C),ordinary electri- alves on remote pumping systems shall be of the "dead-man" cal equipment is allowed.Care shall be used in locating electrical type which will shut off both the pump and the flow of solvent. apparatus to prevent hot metal from falling into open processing 5008.3 Flexible Connectors and Hoses. Approved flexible equipment. connectors are allowed where vibration exists or where frequent 5011.4 Other Areas. Ordinary electrical equipment, including movement is necessary.Approved hose shall be used at dispens- switch gear,is allowed in rooms which are maintained under posi- ing stations. tive pressure with respect to hazardous areas.Air and other me- 5008.4 Installation. Piping systems shall be substantially sup- diums for pressurization shall be taken from locations where ported and protected against physical damage. Piping shall be entrainment of flammable vapor is improbable. pitched to avoid unintentional trapping of liquids or suitable drains shall be provided. SECTION 5012—PROTECTION FROM STATIC ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING 5008.5 Testing. Before being placed in service,piping shall be free of leaks when tested to not less than one and one-half times the 5012.1 Fixed Equipment. Equipment, such as tanks, machin- working pressure,and not less than 5 psig(34.5 kPa)at the highest ery and piping,where an ignitable mixture could be present,shall point in the system.Tests shall continue for a minimum of 30 min- be bonded and connected to ground.The bond or ground or both utes. shall be physically applied or shall be inherently present by the na- ture of installation.This electrically conductive path shall have a resistance of not more than 1 million ohms. SECTION 5009—TRANSFER OF FLAMMABLE AND Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or equipment COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN PROCESS AREAS shall be bonded to the other portions of the system or grounded. 5009.1 General. The transfer of large quantities of flammable 5012.2 Tank Vehicles. Tank vehicles loaded or unloaded and combustible liquids shall be through piping by means of through open connections shall be grounded and bonded to the re- pumps. Compressed air shall not be used as a transfer medium. ceiving system. 5009.2 Pumps. Pumps shall be selected for the flammable and 5012.3 Portable Containers. When a flammable mixture is combustible liquid, working pressures and structural stresses to transferred from one portable container to another,a bond shall be which they could be subjected. provided between the two containers. 5009.3 Emergency Controls. Where solvents are pumped from 5012.4 Buildings. Steel framing of buildings shall be grounded storage to points of use,approved switches shall be provided in the with resistance of not more than 5 ohms. processing areas and at the pumps to shut down the pumps in case of fire. SECTION 5013—FIRE PROTECTION 5009.4 Storage of Containers. Empty and filled containers 5013.1 Fire Alarm System. An approved fire alarm system shall be stored outside the filling area. shall be provided. See Section 1006. 1-112 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5013.2 5014.7 5013.2 Maintenance. Plant fire-protection facilities shall be ad- 5014.3 Confined Space Entry. When necessary to enter a tank, equately maintained,periodically inspected and tested. pit,manhole or other confined spaces,such entry shall be autho- rized by the responsible individual in charge. 5014.4 Powered Industrial Trucks. Powered industrial trucks SECTION 5014—MAINTENANCE shall be of a type approved for the location and shall be in accor- dance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90,Stan- 5014.1 Tanks and Vessels. The cleaning of tanks or vessels dard n.2.2. which have contained flammable or combustible liquids shall be under the supervision of persons who understand the fire and ex- 5014.5 Empty Containers. Empty containers previously used plosion potential. for flammable or combustible liquids shall be removed to a well- detached,outside location and,if not cleaned on the premises,re- 5014.2 Ignition Sources. When necessary to make repairs in- moved from the plant as soon as practical. volving potential ignition sources,the work shall be authorized by 5014.6 Outside Storage in Containers. Storage of flammable the responsible individual in charge before the work is started. and combustible liquids in containers outside of buildings shall be Open flames and direct-fired heating devices shall not be used in accordance with Section 7902.3. in areas where flammable vapor-air mixtures could exist. 5014.7 Aisles. Adequate aisles shall be maintained for the unob- Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated areas. structed movement of personnel and fire-protection equipment. 1-113 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5101 ARTICLE 51 -SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES SECTION 5101 —GENERAL 5101.6 Emergency Control Station. An emergency control station shall be provided on the premises at an approved location, 5101.1 Scope. outside of the fabrication area and shall be continuously staffed by trained personnel. The emergency control station shall receive 5101.1.1 General. Semiconductor fabrication facilities and signals from emergency equipment and alarm and detection sys- comparable research and development areas classified as Group H tems. Such emergency equipment and alarm and detection sys- Occupancies shall be in accordance with Article 51 and the Build- tems shall include,but not necessarily be limited to,the following ing Code. when such equipment or systems are required to be provided ei- The use,storage and handling of hazardous materials in semi- ther by this article or elsewhere in this code: conductor fabrication facilities classified as Group H Occupan- 1. Automatic fire sprinkler system alarm and monitoring sys- cies shall be in accordance with Article 51, other applicable tems(see Section 5101.10.1). provisions of this code and the Building Code. 2,Manual fire alarm systems(see Section 5101.10.2). 5101.1.2 Application. The requirements set forth in Article 51 3.Emergency alarm systems(see Section 5101.10.3). are requirements specific only to semiconductor fabrication facil- 4.Continuous gas-detection systems(see Section 5101.10.4). ities classified as Group H and shall be applied as exceptions or additions to applicable requirements set forth elsewhere in this 5. Smoke-detection systems (see Sections 1006.2.6.4, code. 8003.3.1.7, 8003.6.1.6, 8003.7.1.7 and 8004.2.3.7.7 and the Building Code). 5101.2 Material Classification. Hazardous production materi- 6.Emergency power system(see Section 5101.13). als(HPM)and other hazardous materials are those chemicals or substances defined as such in Article 2.When a material has multi- 5101.7 Systems,Equipment and Processes. ple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed. See also Sec- 5101.7.1 General. Systems, equipment and processes shall in- tion 8001.1.2. clude, but not necessarily be limited to, containers, cylinders, 5101.3 Existing Buildings and Existing Fabrication Areas. tam,piping,tubing,valves and fittings. See Section 8001.4,oth- For existing buildings and existing fabrication areas,see Sections er applicable provisions of this code, and the Building and Me- 102,5101.8.2 and 5103.3.2.2 and the Building Code. chanical codes. 5101.7.2 Additional regulations for HPM supply piping. The 5101.4 Definitions. requirements set forth in Section 8001.4.3.3 shall apply to supply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids. Supply piping for 5101.4.1 General. For definitions of CEILING LIMrr, COM- HPM having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall have welded PRESSED GAS, COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER, COM- connections throughout unless an exhausted enclosure is pro- PRESSED GAS SYSTEM,CONTINUOUS GAS-DETECTION vided. SYSTEM, EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM, EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE, FABRICATION AREA (Fab Area), FLAM- 5101.8 Construction Requirements. MABLE VAPORS OR FUMES,GAS CABINET,GAS ROOM, 5101.8.1 Fabrication areas. Occupied levels of fabrication HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION areas shall be located at or above the first story.See also the Build- MATERIAL (HPM), HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, HPM ing Code. ROOM, INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS, LIQUID STORAGE ROOM, NONFLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE, OCCUPANCY- 5101.8.2 Pass-throughs in existing corridors. Self-closing GROUP H,PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT(PEL), SEMI- doors having a fire-protection rating of not less than one hour shall CONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES, and USE separate pass-throughs from existing corridors. Pass-throughs (Material), see Article 2. shall be constructed as required for corridors. See also Section 5103.3.2. 5101.4.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 51, 5101.8.3 Liquid storage rooms. See Section 7902.5.11 and the certain terms are defined as follows: Building Code. B SERVICE CORRIDOR is a fully enclosed passage used for 5101.8.4 HPM rooms. See the Building Code. B transporting HPM and for purposes other than required means of B egress. 5101.8.5 Gas cabinets. See Sections 208 and 8003.3.1.3.2. WORKSTATION is a defined space or an independent princi- 5101.8.6 Exhausted enclosures. See Sections 206 and pal piece of equipment using HPM within a fabrication area where 8003.3.1.3.3. a specific function,laboratory procedure or research activity oc- curs. Approved or listed hazardous materials storage cabinets, 5101.8.7 Gas rooms. See Sections 208, 8001.10.3 and flammable liquid storage cabinets or gas cabinets serving a 8003.3.1.3.4 and the Building Code. workstation are included as part of the workstation.A workstation 5101.8.8 Service corridors. See Section 5103.3.3.2 and the is allowed to contain ventilation equipment, fire-protection de- Building Code. vices,detection devices,electrical devices,and other processing and scientific equipment. 5101.9 General Safety Precautions. 5101.5 Permits. Permits are required to store,handle or use haz- 5101.9.1 Emergency plan. ardous materials and compressed gases.See Section 105,Permits 5101.9.1.1 Plans and diagrams. Plans and diagrams shall be c.7 and h.1. maintained in approved locations indicating the approximate plan 1-115 5101.9.1.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5101.10.4.3.1 for each area;the amount and type of HPM stored,handled and 5101.10.2.1 Fire Alarm System. A manual fire alarm system used; locations of shutoff valves for HPM supply piping; emer- shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H Divi- gency telephone locations;and locations of exits. sion 6 Occupancies. Activation of the alarm system shall sound a local alarm with the alarm signal sent to the emergency control 5101.9.1.2 Plan updating. Plans and diagrams shall be main- station. Manual fire alarm systems shall be designed and installed tained up-to-date and the fire department shall be informed of ma- in accordance with Section 1006, [For SFM] the appropriate c L jor changes. standard of NFPA 72 as amended in Article 91, the California A� 5101.9.1.3 Emergency response team. Responsible persons Building Code and Article 760 of the California Electrical Code. A L shall be designated to an on-site emergency response team and 5101.10.3 Emergency alarm system. trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department.These per- sons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency re- 5101.10.3.1 General. Emergency alarm systems shall be pro- sponses;identifying locations where HPM is stored,handled and vided in accordance with Sections 5101.10.3, 8003.1.10 and used;and shall be familiar with the chemical nature of HPM.An 8004.4.3. The exempt amount provisions of Sections 8001.15, approved number of personnel for each work shift shall be desig- 8003.1.1 and 8004.1.1 shall not apply to emergency alarm systems nated. required for HPM. 5101.9.1.4 Emergency drills. Emergency drills of the on-site 5101.10.3.2 Where required. emergency response team shall be conducted on a regular basis 5101.10.3.2.1 Service corridors. An emergency alarm system but not less than once every three months.Records of drills con- shall be provided in service corridors,with at least one alarm de- ducted shall be maintained. vice in the service corridor or as otherwise required by the chief. 5101.9.2 Maintenance of equipment, machinery and pro- 5101.10.3.2.2 Corridors and exit enclosures. See Section cesses. See Section 8001.4.4. 8004.4.3. 5101.9.3 Security of areas. See Section 8001.11.2. 5101.10.3.2.3 Liquid storage rooms, HPM rooms and gas rooms. See Section 8003.1.10. 5101.9.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. 5101.10.3.3 Alarm-initiating devices. An approved emergen- 5101.9.4.1 Fabrication areas. See the Building Code. cy telephone system,local alarm manual pull stations,or other ap- 5101.9.4.2 Workstations. Electrical equipment and devices Proved alarm-initiating devices are allowed to be used as within 5 feet(1524 mm)of workstations in which flammable or emergency alarm-initiating devices. pyrophoric gases or flammable liquids are used shall be in accor- 5101.10.3.4 Alarm signals. Activation of the emergency alarm dance with the Electrical Code for Class I,Division 2 hazardous system shall sound a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emer- locations. Workstations shall not be energized without adequate gency control station. exhaust ventilation. See Section 5101.12 for exhaust ventilation 5101.10.4 Continuous gas-detection systems. system requirements. EXCEPTION:Class I,Division 2 hazardous electrical is not re- 5101.10.4.1 General. A continuous gas-detection system shall quired when the air removal from the workstation or dilution will pro- be provided for HPM gases when the physiological warning prop- vide nonflammable atmosphere on a continuous basis. erties of the gas are at a higher level than the accepted permissible 5101.9.4.3 HPM rooms, gas rooms and liquid storage exposure limit(PEL)for the gas and for flammable gases in accor- rooms. Electrical wiring and equipment in HPM rooms, gas dance with Section 5101.10.4. rooms and liquid storage rooms shall be in accordance with the 5101.10.4.2 Where required. Electrical Code. 5101.10.4.2.1 Fabrication areas. A continuous gas-detection 5101.9.5 Corridors and exit enclosures. Hazardous materials system shall be provided for fabrication areas at locations in the shall not be used or stored in corridors or exit enclosures.See Sec- fabrication area where gas is used or stored. tion 5103.3.2.2. 5101.10.4.2.2 HPM rooms. A continuous gas-detection system 5101.9.6 Service corridors. Hazardous materials shall not be shall be provided in HPM rooms when gas is used in the room. used in an open system use condition in service corridors.See Sec- 5101.10.4.2.3 Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas tion 5103.3.3. rooms. A continuous gas-detection system shall be provided in 5101.10 Alarm and Detection Systems. gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures and gas rooms. 5101.10.1 Automatic fire sprinkler system. Automatic fire 5101.10.4.2.4 Corridors. When gases are transported in piping sprinkler systems shall be electronically monitored and provided placed within the space defined by the walls of a corridor and the with alarms in accordance with Section 1003.3. Automatic fire floor or roof above the corridor,a continuous gas-detection system sprinkler system alarm and monitoring signals shall be trans- shall be provided where piping is located and in the corridor. mitted to the emergency control station. EXCEPTION:A continuous gas-detection system is not required for occasional transverse crossings of the corridors by supply piping 5101.10.2 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm sys- which is enclosed in a ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor. tem shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H, 5101.10.4.3 Gas-detection system operation. Division 6 Occupancies.Activation of the alarm system shall ini- tiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control 5101.10.4.3.1 Monitoring. The continuous gas-detection sys- station.Manual fire alarm systems shall be designed and installed tem shall be capable of monitoring the location where gas detec- L c in accordance with Section 1006. [For SFM] the appropriate tion is required at or below the permissible exposure limit(PEL) � A standard of NFPA 72 as amended in Article 91, the California or ceiling limit of the gas for which detection is provided. For L A Building Code and Article 760 of the California Electrical Code. flammable gases,the monitoring detection threshold level shall be 1-116 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5101.10.4.3.1 5101.12.2 vapor concentrations in excess of 20 percent of the lower explo- 3.Exhaust ducts 10 inches(254 mm)or less in diameter from flam- sive limit(LEL). See also Section 8003.3.1.6. mable gas storage cabinets that are part of a workstation. 5101.10.4.3.2 Alarms. The gas-detection system shall initiate a 5101.11.3 Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. Automatic local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control station fire sprinkler system protection shall be provided in gas cabinets when a short-term hazard condition is detected.The alarm shall be and exhausted enclosures containing HPM compressed gases. both visual and audible and shall provide warning both inside and EXCEPTION:Automatic fire sprinkler system protection is not re- outside the area where the gas is detected.The audible alarm shall quired in gas cabinets located in an HPM room other than those cabi- be distinct from all other alarms. nets containing pyrophoric gases. 5101.11.4 Pass-throughs in existing corridors. Pass-throughs 5101.10.4.3.3 Shut off of gas supply. The gas-detection system in existing corridors shall be protected by an approved automatic shall automatically close the shutoff valve at the source on gas fire sprinkler system. supply piping and tubing related to the system being monitored for which gas is detected when a short-term hazard condition is de- 5101.11.5 Exhaust ducts for HPM. tected. Automatic closure of shutoff valves shall be in accordance 5101.11.5.1 General. Automatic fire sprinkler system protec- with the following: tion shall be provided in exhaust ducts conveying vapors,fumes, EXCEPTION:When the gas-detection sampling point initiating mists or dusts generated from HPM in accordance with Section the gas-detection system alarm is at a use location or within a gas valve 5101.11.5.See also the Mechanical Code. enclosure of a branch line downstream of a piping distribution man- ifold,the shutoff valve in the gas valve enclosure for the branch line 5101.11.5.2 Metallic and noncombustible, nonmetallic ex- located in the piping distribution manifold enclosure shall automatical- haust ducts. Automatic fire sprinkler system protection shall be ly close. provided in metallic and noncombustible, nonmetallic exhaust 1. When the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas- ducts when all of the following conditions apply: detection system alarm is within a gas cabinet or exhausted enclo- 1.When the largest cross-sectional diameter is equal to or great- sure,the shutoff valve in the gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure er than 10 inches(254 mm), for the specific gas detected shall automatically close. 2.The ducts are within the building,and 2. When the gas detection sampling point initiating the gas- detection system alarm is within a room and compressed gas con- 3.The ducts are conveying flammable vapors or fumes. tainers are not in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures,the shutoff 5101.11.5.3 Combustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts. Auto- valves on all gas lines for the specific gas detected shall automati- matic fire sprinkler system protection shall be provided in combus- cally close. tible nonmetallic exhaust ducts when the largest cross-sectional 3. When the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas- diameter of the duct is equal to or greater than 10 inches(254 mm). detection system alarm is within a piping distribution manifold EXCEPTIONS:1.Ducts listed or approved for applications with- enclosure,the shutoff valve for the compressed gas container of out automatic fire sprinkler system protection. specific gas detected supplying the manifold shall automatically 2.Ducts not more than 12 feet(3658 nun)in length installed below close. ceiling level. 5101.11 Fire-extinguishing Systems. 5101.11.5.4 Exhaust connections or plenums of combustible workstations. See Section 5101.11.2.2. 5101.11.1 General. An approved automatic fire sprinkler sys- tem shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1003.2.6.3 and 5101.11.5.5 Fire sprinkler head locations. Fire sprinkler heads 5 10 1.11 and the Building Code. shall be installed at 12-foot(3658 mm)intervals in horizontal ex- haust ducts and at changes in direction.In vertical runs,fire sprin- 5101.11.2 Workstations. kler heads shall be installed at the top and at alternate floor levels. 5101.11.2.1 General. The design of the automatic fire sprinkler 5101.12 Exhaust Ventilation Systems for HPM. system in the area shall take into consideration the spray pattern 5101.12.1 General. Exhaust ventilation systems and materials and the effect on the equipment.Automatic fire sprinkler system for exhaust ducts used for the exhaust of HPM shall be in accor- coverage of the horizontal surface at workstations shall not be ob- dance with Section 5101.12, other applicable provisions of this structed. code, and the Building and Mechanical codes. 5101.11.2.2 Combustible workstations. An automatic fire 5101.12.2 Where required. Exhaust ventilation systems shall sprinkler head shall be installed within each branch exhaust con- be provided in the following locations in accordance with the re- nection or within individual plenums of workstations of combus- quirements indicated in Section 5101.12 and the Building Code: tible construction.The automatic fire sprinkler system head in the exhaust connection or plenum shall be located not more than 2 feet 1. Fabrication Areas: See the Building Code. The chief is al- (610 mm)from the point of the duct connection or the connection lowed to require additional manual control switches. to the plenum.When necessary to prevent corrosion,the automat- 2.Workstations:A ventilation system shall be provided to cap- ic fire sprinkler system head and connecting piping in the duct ture and exhaust fumes and vapors at workstations.Two or more shall be coated with approved or listed corrosion-resistant materi- workstation operations shall not be connected to the same exhaust als.The automatic fire sprinkler system head shall be accessible system when either one or the combination of the substances ex- for periodic inspection. hausted could constitute a fire,explosion or hazardous chemical EXCEPTIONS: 1.Approved alternate automatic fire-extinguish- reaction within the exhaust system.Also,see Sections 8004.2.2.2 ing systems are allowed.Activation of such systems shall deactivate and 8004.2.3.3. the related processing equipment. 3.Liquid Storage Rooms:See Section 8003.1.4 and the Build- 2. Process equipment which operates at temperatures exceeding ing Code. 932°F(500°C)and which is provided with automatic shutdown capa- bilities for hazardous materials. 4.HPM Rooms: See Section 8003.1.4 and the Building Code. 1-117 5101.12.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5103.2.3.2 5.Gas Cabinets:See Section 8003.3.1.3.2.The gas cabinet ven- 5102.2.2 Maximum quantities. tilation system is allowed to connect to a workstation ventilation 5102.2.2.1 Aggregate quantities. The aggregate quantities of system. hazardous materials stored and used in a single fabrication area 6. Exhausted Enclosures: See Section 8003.3.1.3.3. shall not exceed the quantities set forth in Table NO TAG. 7. Gas Rooms: See Section 8003.3.1.3.4. EXCEPTION:The quantity limitations for any hazard category in Table NO TAG shall not apply when the fabrication area contains 5101.12.3 Penetrations. Exhaust ducts penetrating occupancy quantities of hazardous materials not exceeding the exempt amounts separations shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent fire-resis- established by Articles 79 and 80(see Tables 7902.5-A, 7903.2-B, tive construction. Exhaust ducts shall not penetrate area separa- 8001.15-A and 8001.15-B). tion walls.Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust ducts. 5102.2.2.2 Hazardous production materials. The maximum 5101.12.4 Treatment systems. See Sections 8003.3.1.3.5, quantities of HIM stored in a single fabrication area shall not ex- 8003.12.1.3, 8004.2.3.7.5 and 8004.2.3.7.9. ceed the exempt amounts established by Articles 79 and 80. See Tables 7902.5-A,7903.2-B,8001.15-A and 8001.15-B. 5101.13 Emergency Power System. 5102.3 Storage Rooms. 5101.13.1 General. An emergency power system shall be pro- 5102.3.1 General. The storage of HPM in quantities greater vided in accordance with Section 5101.13 and the Building Code. than those listed in Table 7902.5-A, 7903.2-B, 8001.15-A or The design and installation of emergency power systems shall be 8001.15-13 shall be in a room complying with the requirements of in accordance with the Electrical Code. the Building Code and this code for a liquid storage room,HPM 5101.13.2 Required electrical systems. Emergency power room or gas room(see Sections 8001.10.4 and 8003.3.1.3.3)as ap- shall be provided for electrically operated equipment and con- propriate for the materials stored.The storage of other hazardous nected control circuits for the following systems: materials shall be in accordance with Article 80 and other applica- ble provisions of this code.For detached storage of HPM,see Sec- t. HPM exhaust ventilation systems(see Section 5101.12). tion 8003.1.15. 2. HPM gas cabinet ventilation systems (see Section 5102.3.2 Separation of HPM. Hazardous production material 8003.3.1.3.2). stored in a liquid storage room, HPM room or gas room shall 3. HPM exhausted enclosure ventilation systems (see Section be separated from each other in the room in accordance with 8003.3.1.3.3). Table 5102-C. 4. HPM gas room ventilation systems (see Section Noncombustible partition separation shall be in accordance 8003.3.1.3.4). with Section 8001.11.8,Item 2. 5.HPM gas-detection systems(see Section 5101.10.4). When separate rooms are required,the walls of such rooms are 6.Emergency alarm systems(see Section 5101.10.3). not required to be fire rated. One-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation shall be provided 7.Manual fire alarm systems(see Section 5101.10.2). when one-hour separation is required. 8. Automatic fire sprinkler system monitoring and alarm sys- tems(see Section 5101.10.1). SECTION 5103—USE AND HANDLING 9.Electrically operated systems required elsewhere in this code or the Building Code applicable to the use,storage or handling of 5103.1 Applicability. The use and handling of hazardous mate- HPM rials shall be in accordance with Sections 5101 and 5103 and other applicable provisions of this code. 5101.133 Exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust ventilation 5103.2 Fabrication Areas. systems are allowed to be designed to operate at not less than one half the normal fan speed on the emergency power system when it 5103.2.1 General. Hazardous production material located in is demonstrated that the level of exhaust will maintain a safe atmo- fabrication areas shall be within approved or listed storage cabi- sphere. nets,gas cabinets or within a workstation. 5103.2.2 Maximum quantities. SECTION 5102—STORAGE 5103.2.2.1 Aggregate quantities. The aggregate quantities of 5102.1 Applicability. Storage of hazardous materials shall be in hazardous materials in a single fabrication area shall be in accor- accordance with Sections 5101 and 5102 and other applicable pro- dance with Section 5102.2.2.See Table NO TAG. visions of this code. 5103.2.2.2 Workstations. The quantity of HPM in use at a 5102.2 Fabrication Areas. workstation shall not exceed the quantities listed in Table 5102-B. 5102.2.1 General. Storage of HPM in fabrication areas shall be 5103.2.3 Workstations. within approved or listed storage cabinets,gas cabinets,exhausted 5103.2.3.1 Construction. Workstations in fabrication areas enclosures or within a workstation. shall be constructed of materials compatible with the materials See Section 7902.5.9 for flammable and combustible liquid used and stored at the workstation.The portion of the workstation storage cabinet requirements. that serves as a cabinet for HPM gases and flammable liquids shall be noncombustible and, if of metal, shall not be less than See Section 8001.10.6.1 for hazardous materials storage cabi- 0.044-inch(18 gage)(1.12 mm)steel.See also Section 8001.4.4. net requirements. See Section 8003.3.1.3.2 for gas cabinet requirements. 5103.2.3.2 Protection of vessels. Vessels containing HPM lo- cated in or connected to a workstation shall be protected from See Section 8001.10.4 for exhausted enclosure requirements. physical damage and shall not project from the workstation.Haz- 1-118 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5103.2.3.2 5103.3.4.5 ardous gases and liquid vessels located within a workstation shall 5103.3.2.2.3 HPM gases. Hazardous production material gas be protected from seismic forces in an approved manner in accor- cylinders transported in corridors or exit enclosures shall have dance with the Building Code. For compressed gases, see also their valves capped or plugged with an approved closure device Section 7401.6.4. and shall have their protective cylinder caps in place. 5103.23.3 Drainage and containment for HPM liquids. Each 5103.3.3 Service corridors. workstation using HPM liquids shall have the following: 5103.3.3.1 When required. When a new fabrication area is 1.Drainage piping systems connected to a compatible system constructed,a service corridor shall be provided when necessary for disposition of such liquids, to transport HPM from a liquid storage room, HPM room, gas 2. The work surface provided with a slope or other means for room or from the outside of a building to the perimeter wall of a directing spilled materials to the containment or drainage system, fabrication area. and 5103.3.3.2 Minimum width. The minimum clear width of a ser- 3. An approved means of containing or directing spilled or vice corridor shall be 5 feet (1524 mm) or 33 inches (828 mm) leaked liquids to the drainage system. wider than the widest cart or truck used in the service corridor, 5103.23.4 Clearances. Workstations where HPM is located whichever is greater. shall be provided with horizontal servicing clearances of not less 5103.3.3.3 Use as a corridor. Service corridors shall not be used than 3 feet(914 mm)for electrical equipment,gas cylinder con- as a required corridor. nections and similar hazardous conditions.These clearances shall 5103.3.3.4 Maximum quantities. The maximum quantities of apply only to normal operational procedures and not to repair or HPM transported in a service corridor at one time shall not exceed maintenance-related work. two times that set forth in Section 5103.3.4.3. 5103.3 Transportation and Handling. 5103.3.4 Carts and trucks. 5103.3.1 General. The transportation and handling of hazard- 5103.3.4.1 General. Carts and trucks used to transport HPM in ous materials shall be in accordance with Section 5103.3 and other corridors and exit enclosures in existing buildings shall be in ac- applicable provisions of this code. cordance with Sections 5103.3.4 and 8001.12.3. 5103.3.2 Corridors and exit enclosures. 5103.3.4.2 Size. Neither the length nor width of a cart shall ex- 5103.3.2.1 New buildings and new fabrication areas. Corri- ceed 4 feet(1219 mm)or one half of the width of existing corridors dors and exit enclosures in new buildings or serving new fabrica- or exit enclosures,whichever is less. tion areas shall not contain HPM. 5103.3.4.3 Capacity. The capacity of carts and trucks used for 5103.3.2.2 Existing buildings and existing fabrication areas. transportation of hazardous materials shall not exceed the follow- 5103.3.2.2.1 'transport in corridors and exit enclosures. ing: When existing fabrication areas are altered or modified in existing 1.Liquids: 55 gallons(208.1 L). buildings,HPM is allowed to be transported in existing corridors 2.Compressed Gases:seven cylinders,up to 400 pounds(181.4 and exit enclosures when approved.Such corridors and exit enclo- kg)each. sures shall be in accordance with the Building Code.Transporta- 3. Solids: 500 pounds (226.8 kg). tion in corridors and exit enclosures shall be in accordance with Sections 5103.3.4 and 8001.12.2. 5103.3.4.4 Power carts and trucks. Power carts and trucks 5103.3.2.2.2 Glass containers. Hazardous production material shall be approved or listed for use in the environment intended and in glass containers shall not be transported in corridors and exit en- shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards(seeArticle 90,Standard n.2.2). closures unless glass is necessary to prevent contamination of the product. Glass containers shall not exceed 1 gallon (3.79 L) in 51033.4.5 Identification. Carts and trucks shall be marked to size. indicate the contents. 1-119 TABLE 5102-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 5102-A TABLE 5102-A—QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN A GROUP H OCCUPANCY SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY1 (n a S Organic peroxide SOLID LIQUID NTP/sq. UD Footnote 2 Footnote 2 — (Iba/sq.ft.) (gals/sq.ft.) ft.) I Footnote 2 Footnote 2 — x 0.305 for II 0.025 0.0025 — x 4.882 for m3 at III 0.1 0.01 — HAZARD CATEGORY kg/m2 x 40.74 for Um2 NTP/rr2 IV NL NL — V NL NL — Combustible liquid II Oxidizing gas III-A — 0.01 — Gaseous III-B — 0.02 — Liquefied — — 1.25 Combination Class I,II NL -- Combination of Gaseous — 1.25 and III-A — 0.04 — and Liquefied — — 1.25 Combustible dust Footnote 2 — — Footnote Combustible fiber Pyrophoric Footnote 2 0.00125 s 3 and 4 Loose Footnote 2 — — Footnote 2 Footnote 2 Baled Footnote 2 — — See See Combination Combination Cryogenic Footnote oxidizer oxidizer Flammable — — 3 Oxidizer See See Oxidizing — — 1.25 4 Combination Combination Footnote 3 oxidizer oxidizer N/A 2 See See N/A Explosives Footnote 2 Footnote 2 2 1 Combination Combination N/A Flammable solid 0.001 — — Combination oxidizer oxidizer oxidizer N/A Class 1,2,3 0.003 0.03 N/A Footnote Footnote Flammable gas 3 2 Gaseous — — Footnote Liquefied — 3 Unstable(reactive) Footnote - 4 Footnote 2 Footnote 2 2 0.0025 3 0.025 0.0025 Footnote Flammable liquid See 2 0.1 0.01 2 I-A Combination 1 NL NL NL I-B flammable (Continued) I-C — See — Combination Class I-A, — Combination — I-B and I-C — flammable — Combination Class I,II — 0.025 — and II1-A — 0.04 — 1-120 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 5102-A TABLE 5102-A TABLE 5102-A—QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN A GROUP H,DIVISION 6 OCCUPANCY Continued Water reactive Irritants NL NL NL 3 Footnote 2 0.00125 — 2 0.25 0.025 — Radioactive NL NL NL 1 NL NL — Sensitizers NL NL NL Carcinogen NL NL NL Other health hazards NL NL NL Corrosive NL NL NL Footnote Footnote Toxic NL NL 3 Highly toxic NL NL 3 L. NL—The quantity of hazardous material in a singe fabrication area is not limited. iHazardous materials within piping systems shall not be included in the calculated quantities. 2Quantity of hazardous material in a single fabrication area shall not exceed exempt amounts in Tables 8001.15-A and 8001.15-13. 3The aggregate quantity of flammable,pyrophoric,toxic and highly toxic gases shall not exceed 9,000 cubic feet(254.9 m3)at normal temperature and pressure. 4The aggregate quantity of pyrophoric gases in the building shall not exceed quantity limits set forth in Table 8003.1-13. 1-121 TABLE 5102-B 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 5102-C TABLE 5102-B—MAXIMUM QUANTITIES OF HPM AT A WORKSTATION MAXIMUM QUANTITY Oxidizers gas 3 cylinders x 3.785 for L liquid 12 gallons 1,2.3 MATERIAL STATE x 0.45 for kg solid 20 pounds2,3 Corrosives gas 3 cylinders Pyrophorics liquid 0.5 gallon`[ liquid 25 gallons[,2, 3 solid See Table 5102-A solid 20 pounds 2,3 Toxics liquid 15 gallons 1,2,3 Highly toxics liquid 15 gallonst•2 solid 5 pounds2,3 solid 5 pounds2 Unstable reactives 3 liquid 0.5 gallon2,3 HPM flammables liquid 15 gallonsl,2,3 solid See Table 5102-A solid 5 pounds2,3 Water reactives 3 liquid 0.5 gallon4 HPM flammables,highly gas 3 cylinders solid See Table 5102-A toxics,pyrophorics and toxics combined DOT shipping containers with a capacity of more than 5.3 gallons(20 L)shall not be located within a workstation. 2Quantities may be increased 100 percent for approved use-closed system operations.When Footnote 3 also applies,the increase for both footnotes is allowed. 3Quantities may be increased 100 percent when workstations are internally protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing or suppression system.When Footnote 2 also applies,the increase for both footnotes is allowed. 4Allowed only when workstations are internally protected within an approved automatic fire-extinguishing or suppression system. TABLE 5102-C—MINIMUM SEPARATION OF HPMI,2 HIGHLY FLAM• WATER PYRO- UNSTABLE ORGANIC MATERIALS TOXIC TOXIC ACID BASE MABLE OXIDIZER REACTIVE PHORIC REACTIVE PEROXIDE Highly toxic N.R. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr. Toxic N.R. S S S S S S S S Acid 1 hr. S S S3 S S S3 S S Base 1 hr. S S S S S S S S Flammable 1 hr. S S3 S S R S S S Oxidizers 1 hr. S S S S S S3 S S Water reactives 1 hr. S S S R S S S S Pyrophoric 1 hr. S S3 S S S3 S S S Unstable reactives 1 hr. S S S S S S S S Organic peroxides 1 hr. S S S S S S S S 1 N.R. = not required. S = separation by a partial noncombustible partition. R = separate rooms. 1 hr. = one-hour fire-resistive separation. 2Hazardous production material gas shall be separated from all HPM liquids and solids by a one-hour fire-resistive separation or shall be kept in approved gas cabi- nets.See Section 8003.3.1.3.2.Hazardous production material gases shall be separated from gases in other HPM categories as shown in Table 5102-C,or shall be kept in approved gas cabinets.See Section 8003.3.1.3.2. 3Separation by not less than 20 feet(6096 mm)is allowed in lieu of a noncombustible partition. M 1-122 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5201 ARTICLE 52- MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS SECTION 5201 —GENERAL EXCEPTION:Canopies constructed in accordance with the Build- ing Code. 5201.1 Scope. Automotive, marine and aircraft motor vehicle 3.Such that all portions of the vehicle being fueled will be on the fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accordance with Article 52 and premises of the motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station, UFC Standard 52-1. Such operations shall include both public ac- 4. Such that the nozzle,when the hose is fully extended,will not cessible and private operations.Flammable and combustible liq- reach within 5 feet(1524 mm)of building openings,and uids and LP-gas shall also be in accordance with Articles 79 and 82. 5.Twenty feet(6096 mm)or more from fixed sources of igni- tion. 5201.2 Definitions. For definitions of CNG,COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID,FLAMMABLE LIQUID,MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL- locate at Bulk plants. Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations DISPENSING STATION,PRIMARY TANK and PROTECTED located at bulk plants shall be separated by a fence or similar balso ABOVEGROUND TANK,see Article 2. er from the area in which bulk operations are conducted. See also Section 5202.3.1. 5201.3 Permits and Plans. 5201A.2 Storage vessels. Storage vessels for LP-gas and CNG 5201.3.1 Permits. Permits are required for motor vehicle fuel- shall be located 20 feet (6096 mm) or more from aboveground dispensing stations.See Section 105,Permit m.3. tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids. 5201.3.2 Plans and specifications. Plans and specifications 5201.5 Installation of Dispensing Devices. shall be submitted for review and approval prior to the installation 52015.1 Protection of dispensers. Dispensing devices shall be or construction of a motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station.A site protected against physical damage from vehicles by mounting on plan shall be submitted which illustrates the location of flammable a concrete island 6 inches(152.4 mm)or more in height or by other and combustible liquid, liquified petroleum-gas or compressed approved methods. (For DSA/ACand SFM] Where dispensing C A natural gas storage vessels,and their spatial relation to each other, devices are mounted at grade,they shall be protected at each end A{ property lines and building openings. Aboveground and under- with a minimum of two concrete filled steel posts, 6 inches(152 Ai ground storage vessels shall be shown on plans.For each type of mm)in diameter,having a minimum 3 feet(914 mm)deep footing A{ station,plans and specifications shall also include,but not be hm- not less than 15 inches(381 mm)in diameter,and projecting aab- C L ited to,the following: ove grade at a minimum of 3 feet(914 mm)and be located not less c� 1.Flammable and Combustible Liquids:Type and design of than 4 feet(1219 mm)nor more than 5 feet(1 S24 mm)from fuel A{ underground and aboveground liquid storage tanks;quantity and dispensers or point—of—sale devices, or equivalent means ap C L types of liquids to be stored;location and design of the fuel dis- proved by the chief. A L pensers and dispenser nozzles;distances from dispensers to tanks, 5201.5.2 Dispenser installation. Dispensing devices shall be property lines and buildings;vehicle access;fire appliances;ve- secured in an approved manner.Dispensers shall not be secured to hicle impact protection;method of storage and dispensing;over- the island using piping or conduit. fill prevention; spill containment; vents; vapor recovery; other 5201.5.3 Emergency shutdown devices. Emergency shutdown equipment and accessories;seismic design in accordance with the devices shall be provided for all fuel dispensers.Emergency shut- Building Code;secondary containment;design and specifications for related piping,valves and fittings;location and classification down devices for exterior fuel dispensers shall be located within 100 feet(30 480 mm)of,but not less than 20 feet(6096 mm)from, of electrical equipment,including emergency fuel shutdown de- vices;specifications for fuel storage and venting components;and dispensers.For interior fuel-dispensing operations,the emergen- other information as required by the chief, cy shutdown devices shall be installed at approved locations.Ac- tivation of the emergency shutdown devices shall stop the transfer 5201.4 Location of Dispensing Operations and Storage Ves- of fuel to the dispensers and close all valves which supply fuel to sels. the dispensers.Such devices shall be distinctly labeled as EMER- GENCY FUEL SHUTDOWN DEVICE. Signs shall be provided 5201.4.1 Dispensing operations. in approved locations. 5201.4.1.1 General. Flammable and combustible liquids,CNG 5201.5.4 Dispenser electrical disconnects. An electrical dis- and LP-gas shall not be dispensed in buildings and dispensers for connect switch shall be provided for all dispensers in accordance such products shall not be located in buildings. with the Electrical Code. The disconnect shall be placed in the EXCEPTIONS: 1.Dispensing of flammable and combustible liq- OFF position before repairing dispensers and before closing a mo- uids inside buildings in accordance with Section 5202. for vehicle fuel-dispensing station. 2.Compression,storage and dispensing of CNG in accordance with 5201.6 Supervision of Dispensing Operations. Section 5204. 5201.6.1 General. The dispensing of fuel into the fuel tanks of See Sections 5202,5203 and 5204 for additional requirements. automobile,marinecraft or aircraft,or portable containers shall be 5201.4.1.2 Dispensing devices. Dispensing devices shall be lo- under the supervision of a qualified attendant at all times. cated as follows: EXCEPTION:Unsupervised dispensing of flammable and com- bustible liquids,LP-gas and CNG as a motor fuel is allowed in accor- 1.Ten feet(3048 mm)or more from property lines, dance with Sections 5201.6.3,5202,5203 and 5204. 2.Ten feet(3048 mm)or more from buildings having combus- 5201.6.2 Attendants. The attendant's primary function shall be tible exterior wall surfaces or buildings having noncombustible to supervise, observe and control the dispensing of motor fuels. exterior wall surfaces that are not part of a one-hour fire-resistive The attendant shall prevent the dispensing of flammable and com- assembly, bustible liquids and flammable gases into containers not in com- 1-123 5201.6.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5202.3.6 pliance with this code,control sources of ignition,give immediate 5202.3.1 General. Class I,H and III-A liquids shall be stored as attention to accidental spills or releases,and be prepared to use fire follows: extinguishers. A method of communicating with the fire depart- 1. In closed containers, ment shall be provided for the attendant. 2. In tanks located underground, 5201.6.3 Unsupervised dispensing. Unsupervised dispensing 3.In special enclosures in accordance with Section 5202.3.6, is allowed when the owner or operator provides, and is account- able for,daily site visits,regular equipment inspection and main- 4. When approved, in protected aboveground tanks in accor- tenance,conspicuously posted instructions for the safe operation dance with Section 5202.3.7,or of dispensing equipment, and posted telephone numbers for the 5. When approved,in below-grade vaults in accordance with owner or operators. A sign, in addition to the signs required by Section 7902.1.10. Section 5201.8,shall be posted in a conspicuous location reading: For locations where aboveground tanks are prohibited, IN CASE OF FIRE,SPILL OR RELEASE see Section 7902.2.2.1.See also Appendix II-K. 1. Use emergency pump shutoff! 5202.3.2 Interconnection of aboveground tanks and under- 2. Report the accident! ground tanks. A connection shall not be made between an abo- Fire Department Telephone No. veground tank and an underground tank. Facility address 5202.3.3 Fueling from portable tanks. Portable tanks are al- lowed to be temporarily used in conjunction with the dispensing of Class I,II or Ili-A liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or During hours of operation, stations having unsupervised dis- other motorized equipment on premises not normally accessible pensing shall be provided with a fire alarm transmitting device.A to the public when approved. telephone not requiring a coin to operate is acceptable. 5202.3.4 Storage tanks at bulk plants. Storage tanks used for 5201.7 Sources of Ignition. Electrical equipment shall be in ac- fueling operations shall not be connected to or serve as bulk plant cordance with the Electrical Code. tanks. Smoking and open flames shall be prohibited in areas where 5202.3.5 Class I liquids in basements or pits. Class I liquids fuel is dispensed. The engines of vehicles being fueled shall be shall not be stored or used within a building having a basement or stopped. pit into which flammable vapors could travel unless such area is 5201.8 Signs. Signs prohibiting smoking, prohibiting dispens- provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of ing into unapproved containers and requiring vehicle engines to flammable vapors therein. be stopped during fueling shall be conspicuously posted within 5202.3.6 Special enclosures. When installation of tanks in ac- sight of each dispenser. cordance with Section 7902.6 is impractical,or because of proper- 5201.9 Fire Protection. Portable fire extinguishers shall be pro- ty or building limitations,tanks for Class I,II or III-A liquids are vided as set forth in UFC Standard 10-1. allowed to be installed in buildings in special enclosures as fol- lows: 5201.10 Clearance from Combustible Materials. Weeds, 1. The special enclosure shall be liquidtight and vaportight. grass,brush,trash and other combustible materials shall be kept not less than 10 feet(3048 mm)from fuel storage vessels and fuel- 2. The special enclosure shall not contain backfill. handling equipment. 3. Sides,top and bottom of the special enclosure shall be of re- inforced concrete at least 6 inches(152.4 mm)thick,with open- 5201.11 Maintenance. Fueling systems shall be maintained in ings for inspection through the top only. proper operating condition. 4. Tank connections shall be piped or closed such that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space between the SECTION 5202—FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE special enclosure and any tanks inside the special enclosure. LIQUID MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING 5. Means shall be provided whereby portable equipment can be STATIONS employed to discharge to the outside any vapors which might ac- 5202.1 General. Automotive,marine and aircraft motor vehicle cumulate inside the special enclosure should leakage occur. fuel-dispensing stations utilizing flammable or combustible liq- 6. Tanks containing Class I,II or III-A liquids inside a special uids shall be in accordance with Section 5202.See also Article 79. enclosure shall not exceed 6,000 gallons(22 712 L)individual or 18,000 gallons(68 137 L)aggregate capacity. 5202.2 Approvals. 7. Each tank within special enclosures shall be surrounded by a 5202.2.1 General: Equipment and appliances used for the stor- clear space of not less than 3 feet(910 mm)to allow for mainte- age or dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be nance and inspection. approved or listed in accordance with Section 5202.2. 5202.3.7 Protected aboveground tanks. When approved, the 5202.2.2 Approved equipment. Pits and piping used for flam- storage and dispensing of motor fuels into the fuel tanks of motor mable and combustible liquids shall be approved. vehicles from protected aboveground tanks located outside build- ings are allowed in accordance with this section and 5202.2.3 Listed equipment. Tanks, electrical equipment, dis- Section 7902.1.9. pensers,hose,nozzles,and submersible or subsurface pumps used for the storage or dispensing of flammable and combustible liq- 5202.3.7.1 Size.Primary tanks of protected aboveground tanks uids shall be listed. shall not exceed a 12,000-gallon (45 425 L) individual or 48,000-gallon(181 700 L)aggregate capacity.Tank installations 5202.3 Storage of Fuel. having the maximum allowable aggregate capacity shall be sepa- 1-124 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5202.3.6 5202.4.4 rated from other installations of protected aboveground tanks by shall be listed and approved. When not in use, hoses shall be re- not less than 100 feet(30 480 mm). eled,racked or otherwise protected from damage. 5202.3.7.2 Separation distances.A protected aboveground tank EXCEPTION: When approved, dispenser hoses in excess of shall be separated from property lines,important buildings,public 18 feet(5486 mm)in length are allowed at aircraft and marine motor- ways and other tanks in accordance with Table 5202.3.7-A. vehicle fueling facilities. 5202.4.3.2 Breakaway devices. Dispenser hoses for Class I and 5202.3.7.3 Dispensing devices.Dispensing devices are allowed II liquids shall be equipped with a listed emergency breakaway de- to be installed on top of or immediately adjacent to protected abo- vice designed to retain liquid on both sides of a breakaway point. veground tanks. Such devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with 5202.3.7.4 Signs.Warning signs and identification signs shall be the manufacturer's instructions. installed to clearly identify hazards.The design of such signs shall Where hoses are attached to hose-retrieving mechanisms, the be in accordance with Sections 5201.8 and 7901.9. Conspicuous emergency breakaway device shall be located between the hose signs prohibiting simultaneous tank filling and fuel dispensing nozzle and the point of attachment of the hose-retrieval mecha- shall be posted. nism to the hose. 5202.3.8 Below-grade vaults.The storage and dispensing of mo- 5202.4.4 Design and construction. for fuels into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles from below-grade vaults are allowed in accordance with Sections 5202.3.8 and 5202.4.4.1 General. Class I and II liquids shall be transferred 7902.1.10. from tanks by means of fixed pumps designed and equipped to al- low control of the flow and to prevent leakage or accidental dis- 5202.3.9 Container storage inside buildings. Class I, II or charge. III-A liquids stored inside motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station Supplemental means shall be provided outside of the dispens- buildings shall be in approved containers and in accordance with ing device whereby the source of power can readily be discon- Section 7902.5. nected in the event of fire or other accident. 5202.3.10 Testing or leak-detection devices. Leak-detecting Dispensing devices for Class I,II or III-A liquids shall be of an devices shall be tested annually by the owner or occupant of the approved type. See Article 90,Standard u.1.6.Class I,II or III-A property on which they are located. Test results shall be main- liquids shall be dispensed by approved pumps taking suction tained on the premises and available to the chief on request. through the top of the container.Class I,II or III-A liquids shall not 5202.3.11 Inventory control. Accurate daily inventory records be dispensed by a device that operates through pressure within a shall be maintained and reconciled on Class I.II and III-A liquid storage tank or container unless the tank or container has been ap- storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from tanks and proved as a pressure vessel for the use to which it is subjected.Air piping.The records shall be kept at the premises and available to and oxygen pressure shall not be used for dispensing Class I,II or the chief upon request and shall include records showing,by prod- III-A liquids. uct,daily reconciliation between sales,use,receipts and inventory See Section 5202.5 for pressure-delivery motor vehicle fuel- on hand.If there is more than one system consisting of tanks serv- dispensing stations. ing separate pumps or dispensers for a product,the reconciliation shall be ascertained separately for each tank system.A consistent 5202.4.4.2 Nozzles. A listed automatic-closing-type hose or accidental loss of Class I,II or III-A liquids shall be immediate- nozzle valve with or without a latch-open device shall be provided ly reported to the fire department. on island-type dispensers used for dispensing Class I,II or III-A liquids. 5202.4 Dispensing. Overhead-type dispensing units shall be provided with a listed 5202.4.1 Aboveground tanks. Class I and Class II liquids shall automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve without a latch-open not be dispensed into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle from above- device. ground tanks except: EXCEPTION:A listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve 1.When such tanks are installed inside special enclosures in ac- with latch-open device is allowed to be used if the design of the system cordance with Section 5202.3.6, is such that the hose nozzle valve will close automatically in the event the valve is released from a fill opening or upon impact with a drive- 2.When approved,such tanks are protected aboveground tanks way meeting the requirements of Section 5202.3.7,or Where dispensing of Class 1,II or III-A liquids is performed by 3. When approved, such tanks are installed in below-grade someone other than a qualified attendant,a listed automatic-clos- vaults in accordance with Section 5202.3.8. ing-type hose nozzle valve shall be used incorporating the follow- ing features: See also Appendix II-K. 1. The hose nozzle valve shall be equipped with an integral 5202.4.2 Filling of portable containers and tanks and cargo latch-open device. tanks.Class I,II and III-A liquids shall not be dispensed into por- 2.When the flow of product is normally controlled by devices table containers unless such container is of approved material and or equipment other than the hose nozzle valve, the hose nozzle construction, and having a tight closure with screwed or spring valve shall not be capable of being opened unless the delivery hose cover so designed that the contents can be dispensed into without is pressurized.If pressure to the hose is lost,the nozzle shall close spilling.Liquids shall not be dispensed into portable tanks. automatically. Cargo tanks shall be filled at bulk plants or terminals. EXCEPTION:Vapor-recovery nozzles incorporating insertion in- 5202.4.3 Dispenser hoses. terlock devices designed to achieve shutoff upon disconnect with ve- hicle fill pipe. 5202.4.3.1 Hose length. Dispenser hoses shall be a maximum of 3.The hose nozzle shall be designed such that the nozzle is re- 18 feet (5486 mm) in length unless approved. Dispenser hoses tained in the fill pipe during the filling operation. 1-125 5202.4.4.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5202.5.3 5202.4.4.3 Transferring apparatus for fueling air- tiple dispensing units by pumps that are not located at dispensing craft. Transferring apparatus used or intended to be used for fuel- units shall be in accordance with Section 5202.5. ing aircraft shall be approved and shall be installed,operated and EXCEPTION:The chief is authorized to alter or impose additional maintained in accordance with Section NO TAG. regulations where such systems are located within buildings. 5202.4.5 Supervision. In addition to the requirements in Sec- Notification shall be given to the chief prior to abandonment, tion 5201.6,dispensing equipment used at unsupervised locations alteration or repair of any part of a pressure delivery system.ex- shall comply with one of the following: cept the dispenser. 1. Dispensing devices are programmed or set to limit uninter- 5202.5.2 Pits. Pits intended to contain subsurface pumps or fit- rupted fuel delivery to 25 gallons (94.6 L) and require a manual tings from submersible pumps shall not be larger than necessary to action to resume continued delivery,or contain the intended equipment and to allow the free movement of 2. The amount of fuel being dispensed is limited in quantity by hand tools operated from above grade. a preprogrammed card as approved. Pits and covers shall be designed and constructed to withstand «the external forces to which they could be subjected. When lo- 5202.4.6 Dispensing inside garages. Where an outside location cated above an underground tank,at least I foot(305 mm)of earth is impractical,dispensing devices approved for inside use are al- or sand cover shall be maintained over the top of the tank. lowed to be installed inside a garage or similar establishment Pits shall be protected against ignition of vapors by one of the which stores, parks, services or repairs automotive equipment. following methods: The location of and safeguards for such dispensing devices shall be approved.Dispensing devices shall be protected from physical 1. Sealing the unpierced cover with mastic or by bolting damage by vehicles by mounting such devices on a concrete is- against a gasket in an approved manner,or land, or by equivalent means, and shall be located in a position 2. Filling the pit with a noncombustible inert material. where they cannot be struck by an out-of-control vehicle descend- ing a ramp or other slope. 5202.5.3 Piping,valves and fittings. The dispensing area shall be provided with an approved me- 5202.5.3.1 General. Piping, valves and fittings shall be de- chanical or gravity ventilation system.When dispensing units are signed for the working pressures and structural stresses to which located below grade,only approved mechanical ventilation shall they could be subjected. Metallic piping in contact with the be used and the entire dispensing area shall be protected by an ap- ground shall be provided with cathodic protection. Threaded proved automatic sprinkler system. Ventilating systems shall be joints or connections shall be made up tight with the use of an ap- electrically interlocked with Class I liquid dispensing units such proved pipe joint sealing compound.Nonmetallic joints shall be that the dispensing units cannot be operated unless the ventilating approved and shall be installed in accordance with the manufac- fan motors are energized. See also Section 5202.10. turer's instructions. 5202.4.7 Electrical controls. A control shall be provided that 5202.5.3.2 Valves. A check or manual valve shall be provided in will allow the pump to operate only when a dispensing nozzle is the discharge dispensing supply line from the pump with a union removed from its bracket or normal position with respect to the between the valve and the same pump discharge. dispensing unit and the switch on the dispensing unit is manually An approved emergency shutoff impact valve incorporating a actuated. This control shall also stop the pump when all nozzles fusible link designed to close automatically in the event of severe have been returned,either to their brackets or to the normal non- impact or fire exposure shall be rigidly mounted and connected by dispensing position. a union in the dispensing supply line at the base of each dispensing device. The shear section of the impact valve shall be mounted 5202.4.8 Special-type dispensers. Approved special-dispens- flush with the top of the surface upon which the dispenser is ing systems such as,but not limited to,coin-operated and remote mounted. preset types, are allowed at motor vehicle fuel-dispensing sta- tions, provided there is at least one qualified attendant on duty 5202.5.3.3 Leak detection. Pumps shall have installed on the while the station is open to the public,and: discharge an approved leak-detection device which will provide 1. The attendant or supervisor on duty shall be capable of per- an indication if the piping and dispensers are not essentially li- forming the functions and assuming the responsibilities set forth quidtight. in Sections 5201 and 5202.4.5, 5202.5.3.4 Testing. Upon completion of the installation, the 2. Instructions for the operation of dispensers shall be conspic- system shall be tested in accordance with Section 7901.11. uously posted, 5202.6 Electrical Equipment. 3. Remote preset-type devices shall be set in the off position 5202.6.1 General. Areas where Class I liquids are stored,han- while not in use so that the dispenser cannot be activated without dled or dispensed shall be in accordance with Section 5202.6. See the knowledge of the attendant, also Section 7901.4. 4. The dispensing device shall be in clear view of the attendant 5202.6.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring at all times and obstacles shall not be placed between the dispens- and equipment shall be installed in a manner which provides rea- ing devices and the attendant, and sonable safety to persons and property.Evidence that wiring and 5. The attendant shall be able to communicate with persons in equipment are of the type approved for use in the hazardous loca- the dispensing area at all times. tions as set forth in Table 5202.6-A and that wiring and equipment have been installed in accordance with the Electrical Code shall be 5202.5 Pressure Delivery Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Sta- provided. tions. 5202.6.3 Classified area. In Table 5202.6-A, a classified area 5202.5.1 General. Systems used for the dispensing of Class I or need not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof or other solid II liquids that transfer the liquid from storage to individual or mul- partition. 1-126 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5202.5.3 5202.11.1 For area classifications not covered in Section 5202.6.2 and not vertical shaft used only for this piping. Vertical and horizontal listed in Table 5202.E-A,the chief is authorized to classify the ex- shafts shall be constructed of materials having a fire-resistance tent of the hazardous area. rating of not less than two hours. 5202.7 Heating Equipment. 5202.10.5 Spill control and drainage control. Spill control and 5202.7.1 Electrical heating equipment. Electrical heating drainage control shall be provided as set forth in Section 7901.8. equipment shall be in accordance with Section 5202.6. 5202.11 Marine Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations. 5202.7.2 Fuel-burning equipment. Fuel-burning equipment, 5202.11.1 General. The construction of marine motor vehicle other than wet heat systems and direct-fired makeup air heaters, fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accordance with the Building shall not be located in dispensing rooms or in areas where vapors Code.The storage of Class I,II or III-A liquids at such locations could migrate. Such systems shall be in accordance with the Me- shall,except as otherwise provided in Section 5202.11,be in ac- chanical Code. cordance with Articles 52 and 79. 5202.8 Drainage Control. Provisions shall be made to prevent 5202.11.2 General construction. Piers, wharves and floats liquids spilled during dispensing operations from flowing into where Class I,II or III-A liquid dispensers are located shall be of buildings. Acceptable methods include grading driveways,rais- fire-resistive construction and shall be impervious to spills of such ing doorsills,or other approved means. liquids and oils within the immediate area of the dispenser. 5202.9 Fire Protection. A fire extinguisher with a minimum 5202.11.3 Storage and handling. rating of 2-A,20-B:C shall be provided and located such that it is not more than 75 feet(22 860 mm)from any pump,dispenser or 5202.11.3.1 General. Class I,H or III-A liquids stored in build- fill-pipe opening. ings used for marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing buildings shall be stored in approved containers or portable tanks. Storage of 5202.10 Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations Located in- Class I liquids shall not exceed 10 gallons(37.9 L). side Buildings. EXCEPTION:Storage in liquid storage rooms in accordance with 5202.10.1 General. Automotive motor vehicle fuel-dispensing Section 7902.5.11. stations which dispense fuels into vehicles in areas that are wholly Class II or III-A liquids stored or dispensed inside of buildings or partially enclosed by the walls,floors or ceilings of the build- used for marine motor vehicle fuel dispensing shall be stored in ings shall be in accordance with Section 5202.10. See also Sec- and dispensed from approved containers or portable tanks. Stor- tion 5202.4.6. age of Class II and III-A liquids shall not exceed 120 gallons EXCEPTION:Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations located in- (454.2 L).Heating equipment shall comply with Section 5202.7. side a building with two or more sides of the dispensing area open to 5202.11.3.2 Connections between aboveground and under- the building exterior so that normal ventilation can be expected to dissi- ground tanks. Connections shall not be made between an above- pate flammable vapors. ground tank and an underground tank, except that aboveground Dispensing of fuel into motor vehicles inside of buildings is al- tanks located in an adjoining bulk plant are allowed to connect,by lowed only when approved. piping, to marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station under- 5202.10.2 Construction. Automotive motor vehicle fuel-dis- ground tanks if,in addition to valves at the aboveground tanks,a pensing stations within buildings shall be constructed in accor- valve is also installed within control of marine motor vehicle fuel- dance with the Building Code. dispensing station personnel. 5202.10.3 Ventilation. 5202.11.3.3 Piping. Piping at marine motor vehicle fuel-dis- pensing stations shall be protected against physical damage,ex- 5202.10.3.1 General. Heating,ventilation and air-conditioning ternal corrosion and excessive stresses. systems shall be in accordance with the Mechanical Code. 5202.11.3.4 Emergency valve. A valve whereby supply from 5202.10.3.2 Interlocks on dispensers. When mechanical sys- shore can be shut off shall be provided in each product line at or tems for ventilation are installed serving only the area where fuels near the approach to the pier,wharf or other structure,and an sp- are dispensed,the system shall operate when the motor vehicle proved quick-throw valve shall be provided above each flexible fuel-dispensing station is open for business and shall be inter- connection to stop flow to float in the event of rupture of such flex- locked to dispensing units so that fuel cannot be dispensed unless ible connections. the ventilation system is in operation. 5202.11.3.5 Flexible connections. Not more than two flexible 5202.10.3.3 Exhaust system design. The exhaust system shall connections shall be installed in lines leading from piers or be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the dis- wharves to a float,except when unusual conditions exist.In such pensing floor area and to prevent the flow of flammable vapors be- cases, additional flexible connections may be allowed when ap- yond the dispensing area.Exhaust inlet ducts shall not be less than proved. 3 inches(76.2 mm)or more than 12 inches(304.8 mm)above the floor.Exhaust ducts shall not be located in floors or penetrate the 5202.11.3.6 Piping materials. Commodity piping at marine floor of the dispensing area and shall discharge to a safe location motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be welded or welded outside the building. flanged steel construction. 5202.10.4 Piping EXCEPTION:Pipe less than 2 inches(50.8 nun)in diameter is al- lowed to be threaded provided it is constructed of steel or other ap- 5202.10.4.1 General. Piping systems shall be in accordance proved material. with Section 7901.11. 5202.11.3.7 Electrical grounding. Piping used for transporting 5202.10.4.2 Enclosure of vent piping. Fuel and flammable va- Class I liquids shall be grounded to control stray electrical current. por piping inside buildings,but outside of the motor vehicle fuel- 5202.11.3.8 Testing. Testing of piping systems shall be in accor- dispensing station area,shall be enclosed within a horizontal or a dance with Section 7901.11.10. 1-127 5202.11.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5202.13 5202.11.4 Dispensing. the chief.Fueling shall not be conducted at the pier,wharf or float 5202.11.4.1 General. Wharves,piers or floats at marine motor during the course of such emergency repairs. vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be used exclusively for the Smoking or open flames shall be prohibited within 50 feet dispensing or transfer of petroleum products to or from marine (15 240 mm)of fueling operations.NO SMOKING signs shall be craft,except that transfer of essential ship stores is allowed. Ship posted conspicuously about the premises. Such signs shall have stores and merchandise shall not be sold from an area where fuel is letters not less than 4 inches(101.6 mm)in height on a background dispensed into the tanks of motor craft. of contrasting color. 5202.11.4.2 Location of tanks and pumps. Tanks and pumps, 5202.11.5.6 Preparation of tanks for fueling. Boat owners and other than those integral with approved dispensing devices, sup- operators shall not offer their craft for fueling unless the tanks be- plying Class I,R or III-A liquids at marine motor vehicle fuel-dis- ing filled are properly vented to dissipate fumes to the outside at- pensing stations shall be located only on shore or,when approved, mosphere. on piers of solid-fill type. Approved dispensing devices with or 5202.11.5.7 Warning signs. Warning signs shall be predomi- without integral pumps are allowed to be located on shore,piers of nantly displayed at the face of each wharf, pier or float at such solid-fill type,open piers,wharves or floating docks. elevation as to be clearly visible from the decks of marine craft be- 5202.11.4.3 Supervision. Dispensing of Class I,H or III-A liq- ing fueled.Such signs shall have letters not less than 3 inches(76.2 uids or flammable gases shall be under the direct control of a com- mm)in height on a background of contrasting color bearing the petent person at all times who is fully aware of the operation, following or equivalent wording: mechanics and hazards inherent to fueling of boats. 5202.11.4.4 Hoses and nozzles. Dispensing of Class I, II or WARNING III-A liquids into the fuel tanks of marine craft shall be by means of an approved-type hose equipped with a listed automatic-clos- NO SMOKING—STOP ENGINE ing nozzle with or without latch-open device. WHILE FUELING. SHUT OFF Hoses used for dispensing or transferring Class 1,II or III-A liq- ELECTRICITY. DO NOT START uids, when not in use, shall be reeled,racked or otherwise pro- ENGINE UNTIL AFTER tected from mechanical damage. BELOW-DECK SPACES ARE 5202.11.4.5 Portable containers. Class 1, I1 or III-A liquids VENTILATED. shall not be dispensed into portable containers unless such con- tainer is approved. 5202.11.4.6 Liquefied petroleum gas. Liquefied petroleum gas 5202.11.6 Fire protection. cylinders shall not be filled at marine motor vehicle fuel-dispens- 5202.11.6.1 Standpipes. Piers, wharves and floats at marine ing stations unless approved.Approved storage facilities for LP- motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be equipped with an gas cylinders shall be provided. See also Section 5204. approved wet standpipe system installed in accordance with Ar- 5202.11.4.7 Access. The dispensing area shall be located from ticle 10. other structures so as to provide room for safe ingress and egress of Hose stations shall be spaced to provide protection to any por- craft to be fueled.Dispensing units shall be at least 20 feet(6096 tion of docks,piers, wharves or floating craft. An approved and mm)from activities involving fixed sources of ignition. listed hose reel or approved and listed semiautomatic hose rack 5202.11.5 Fire-prevention regulations. shall be provided and shall be located such that the hose is accessi- ble. Hose shall be enclosed within a cabinet, and hose stations 5202.11.5.1 Housekeeping. Marine motor vehicle fuel-dis- shall be labeled FIRE HOSE EMERGENCY USE ONLY. Tests pensing stations shall be maintained in a neat and orderly manner and valving shall be approved. and accumulations of rubbish or waste oils in excessive amounts 5202.11.6.2 Fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers,each having shall be prohibited. a minimum rating of 20-B:C,shall be provided as follows: 5202.11.5.2 Spills. Spills of Class I,II or III-A liquids at or on 1. One on each float. the water of marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be reported immediately to the fire department and jurisdictional au- 2. One on the pier or wharf within 25 feet(7620 mm) of the thorities. head of the gangway to the float,unless the office is within 25 feet (7620 mm)of the gangway or is on the float and an extinguisher is 5202.11.5.3 Rubbish containers. Metal containers with tight- provided thereon. fitting or self-closing metal lids shall be provided for the tempo- rary storage of combustible trash or rubbish. 5202.12 Aircraft Motor Vehicle Fuel-dispensing Stations. 5202.11.5.4 Marine vessels and craft. Vessels or craft shall not 5202.12.1 General. Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing sta- be made fast to or berthed at fuel docks serving a marine motor ve- tions shall be in accordance with Article 52. hicle fuel-dispensing station, except during fueling operations, 5202.12.2 Transferring apparatus for fueling aircraft. Re- and craft shall not be made fast to other vessels or craft occupying fueling units and transferring apparatus other than automotive- a berth at a marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station. type dispensing equipment used or intended to be used for fueling 5202.11.5.5 Sources of ignition. Construction, maintenance, aircraft shall be approved and shall be installed and maintained in repair and reconditioning work involving the use of open flames, accordance with Section NO TAG. arcs or spark-producing devices shall not be performed at marine 5202.12.3 Fueling and defueling operations. Fueling and de- motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations or within 50 feet(15 240 fueling operations shall be in accordance with Section NO TAG. mm) of the dispensing facilities, including piers, wharves or floats, except for emergency repair work approved in writing by 5202.13 Vapor Recovery. 1-128 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5202.13A 5202.13.3.9 5202.13.1 General. Vapor-recovery and vapor-processing sys- 1.Approved protective enclosures,which extend at least 18 inches tems shall be in accordance with Section 5202.13. (457.2 mm)above the equipment,constructed of fire-resistant or non- combustible materials,or 5202.13.2 Vapor-balance systems. 2.Fire protection using an approved water-spray system. Vapor-processing equipment shall be located a minimum of 5202.13.2.1 Dispensing devices. Dispensing devices incorpo- 20 feet (6096 mm) from dispensing devices. Processing equip- rating provisions for vapor recovery shall be listed and labeled. ment shall be protected against physical damage by guardrails, When existing listed or labeled dispensing devices are modified curbs, protective enclosures or fencing. When approved protec- for vapor recovery,such modifications shall be listed by report by tive enclosures are used,approved means shall be provided to ven- a nationally recognized testing laboratory.The listing by report tilate the volume within the enclosure to prevent pocketing of shall contain a description of the component parts used in the mod- flammable vapors. ification and recommended method of installation on specific dis- If a downslope exists toward the location of the vapor-process- pensers. Such report shall be made available on request to the ing unit from a fuel-transfer area,the chief is authorized to require chief. additional separation by distance and height. Means shall be provided to shut down fuel dispensing in the 5202.13.3.3 Installation. Vapor-processing units shall be se- event the vapor-return line becomes blocked. curely mounted on concrete,masonry or structural steel supports 5202.13.2.2 Vapor-return line closeoff. An acceptable method on concrete or other noncombustible foundations. shall be provided to close off the vapor-return line from dispensers Vapor-recovery and vapor-processing equipment is allowed to when the product is not being dispensed. be installed on roofs when approved. 5202.13.2.3 Piping. Piping in vapor-balance systems shall be in 5202.13.3.4 Piping. Piping in a mechanical-assist system shall accordance with Sections 7901.11,7902.2 and 7902.6.Nonmetal- be in accordance with Sections 7901.11,7902.2 and 7902.6. lic piping shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's Nonmetallic piping shall be installed in accordance with the installation instructions. manufacturer's installation instructions. Existing and new vent piping shall be in accordance with Sec- Existing and new vent lines shall he in accordance with Section tions 7901.11, 7902.2 and 7902.6. Vapor-return piping shall be 7902.1.13.Vapor-return lines shall be installed in a manner which installed in a manner which drains back to the tank,without sags or drains back to the tank,without sags or traps in which liquid can traps in which liquid can become trapped. If necessary, due to become trapped. If necessary,due to grade,condensate tanks are grade,condensate tanks are allowed in vapor-return piping.Con- allowed in vapor-return piping. Condensate tanks shall be de- densate tanks shall be designed and installed such that they can be signed and installed such that they can be drained without open- drained without opening. ing. 5202.13.2.4 Flexible joints and shear joints. Flexible joints 5202.13.3.5 Flexible joints and emergency shutoff impact shall be installed in accordance with Section 7901.11.7. valves. Flexible joints shall be installed in accordance with Sec- tion 7901.11.7. An approved shear joint shall be rigidly mounted and connected An approved emergency shutoff impact valve incorporating a by a union in the vapor-return piping at the base of each dispensing fusible link designed to close automatically in event of severe im- device.The shear joint shall be mounted flush with the top of the pact or fire exposure shall be rigidly mounted and connected by a surface on which the dispenser is mounted. union in the vapor-return line at the base of each dispensing de- 5202.13.2.5 Testing. Vapor-return lines and vent piping shall be vice.The shear section of the valve shall be mounted flush with the tested in accordance with Section 7901.11.10. top of the surface on which the dispenser is mounted. 5202.13.3.6 Vapor-return line closeoff. An acceptable method 5202.13.3 Vapor processing. shall be provided to close off the vapor-return line from dispensers 5202.13.3.1 Equipment. Equipment in vapor-processing sys- When product is not being dispensed. tems,including hose nozzle valves,vapor pumps,flame arresters, 5202.13.3.7 Component design. If a component is likely to fire checks or systems for prevention of flame propagation,con- contain a flammable vapor/air mixture under operating conditions trols and vapor-processing equipment,shall be individually listed and can fail in a manner which could ignite the mixture,the com- for the intended use in a specified manner. ponent shall be designed to withstand an internal explosion with- Vapor-processing systems that introduce air into the under- out failure to the outside and protected to prevent flame ground piping or storage tanks shall be provided with equipment propagation to other parts of the system. for prevention of flame propagation that has been tested and listed 5202.13.3.8 Fire checks. Approved fire checks or other positive as suitable for the intended use. means of automatic isolation of underground storage tanks shall be installed in vapor-return piping to prevent a flashback from 5202.13.3.2 Location. Vapor-processing equipment shall be lo- reaching the underground tanks. Such devices also shall be cated at or above grade. Sources of ignition shall be located not installed in all vapor/air piping as close as practical to each burner less than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from fuel-transfer areas and not less or group of burners in a vapor incineration unit,and in all vapor- than 18 inches (457.2 mm) above tank fill openings and tops of transfer piping as close as practical to refrigeration,absorption or dispenser islands. similar types of processing equipment. Vapor-processing units shall be located not less than 10 feet 5202.13.3.9 Vent termination. Vents from vapor-processing (3048 mm)from the nearest building or property line of a property units shall not be less than 12 feet (3658 mm) above adjacent which can be built upon. ground level and not less than 8 feet(2438 mm)above the process- EXCEPTION:Where the required distances to buildings,property ing unit itself.Vent outlets shall be directed and located such that lines or fuel-transfer areas cannot be obtained,means shall be provided flammable vapors will not accumulate,travel to an unsafe loca- to protect equipment against fire exposure.Acceptable means include: lion or enter buildings. 1-129 5202.13.3.10 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5202.13.4 5202.13.3.10 Testing. Vapor-return lines, vapor-transfer lines maintenance, tests and inspections. Maintenance, tests and in- and vent piping shall be tested in accordance with Sec- spections set forth in the listing document,or other tests required tion 7901.11.10. by the chief,shall be the responsibility of the owner or occupant of 5202.13.3.11 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipment shall the premises on which such equipment is located. be in accordance with Table 5202.E-A.Electrically energized va- Maintenance on a vapor-recovery system or vapor-processing por-recovery equipment shall be directly connected to and con- equipment shall be performed by the manufacturer of the affected trolled by the emergency pump shutoff switch in equipment, or an equally qualified person. Written records of Section 5202.4.7. maintenance,tests,inspections and the results and recommenda- 5202.13.3.12 Site control. Fences, bumper posts or other con- tions therefrom shall be maintained on the premises where the trol measures shall be provided where necessary to protect from equipment is located,and shall be made available to the chief on tampering,trespassing and vehicle traffic.The area within 15 feet request. (4572 mm) of the installed vapor-processing unit shall be kept clear of combustible materials. Incidents involving leaks,fires,explosions,overheating or re- quiring shutting down equipment,other than for routine mainte- 5202.13.4 Maintenance,tests and inspection. Vapor-recovery nance or tests, shall be immediately reported to the fire and vapor-processing equipment shall be subject to periodic department. 1-130 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 5202.E-A TABLE 5202.E-A—CLASS i LOCATIONS1 LOCATION GROUP D DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Underground tank Fill opening 1 Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level,any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from a loose fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet(1524 mm)from a tight fill connection. Vent—Discharging upward 1 Within 3 feet(914 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet(914 mm)and 5 feet(1524 mm)of open end of vent, extending in all directions. Dispensing devic —(except overhead type 3) Pits 1 Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level,any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. Dispenser4 2 Within 18 inches(457.2 mm)horizontally in all directions extending to grade from(1)the dispenser enclosure or(2)that portion of the dispenser enclosure containing liquid-handling components. Outdoor 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 20 feet(6096 mm) horizontally of any edge of enclosure. Indoor with mechanical ventilation 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade or floor level within 20 feet (6096 mm)horizontally of any edge of enclosure. with gravity ventilation 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade or floor level within 25 feet (7620 mm)horizontally of any edge of enclosure. Dispensing device—overhead type3 1 The space within the dispenser enclosure and all electrical equipment integral with the dispensing hose or nozzle. 2 A space extending 18 inches(457.2 mm)horizontally in all directions beyond the enclosure and extending to grade. 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 20 feet(6096 mm) horizontally measured from a point vertically below the edge of any dispenser enclosure. Remote pump--outdoor 1 Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level if any part is within a horizontal distance of 10 feet(3048 mm)from any edge of pump. 2 Within 3 feet(914 mm)of any edge of pump,extending in all directions. Also,up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 10 feet(3048 mm)horizontally from any edge of pump. Remote pump—indoor 1 Entire area within a pit. 2 Within 5 feet(1524 mm)of any edge of pump,extending in all directions. Also up to 3 feet(914 mm)above floor or grade level within 25 feet(7620 mm)horizontally from any edge of pump. Lubrication or service room —with dispensing 1 Pits within an unventilated area. 2 Pits with ventilation. 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above floor or grade level and 3 feet (914 mm)horizontally from a lubrication pit. Dispenser for Class I liquids 2 Within 3 feet(914 mm)of any fill or dispensing point,extending in all directions. Lubrication or service room —without dispensing 2 Entire area within pits used for lubrication or similar service where Class I liquids could be released. 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above such pits,and extending a distance of 3 feet(914 mm)horizontally from any edge of the pit. 2 Entire unventilated area within any pit,below-grade area or subfloor area. 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above any such unventilated pit, below-grade work area or subfloor work area and extending a distance of 3 feet(914 mm)horizontally from the edge of any such pit,below-grade work area or subfloor work area. Non-Classified Any pit,below-grade work area or subfloor work area that is ventilated at a rate of not less than 1 cfm per square foot(5.1 Ls per m2)of floor area at all times that the building is occupied or when vehicles are parked in or over these areas.Exhaust air shall be taken from a point within 12 inches (304.8 mm)of the floor of the pit,below-grade area or subfloor area. Special enclosure inside building (See Section 5202.3.6) 1 Entire enclosure. Sales,storage and restrooms Non-Classified If there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of a Division 1 area, the entire room shall be classified as Division 1. Vapor-processing systems pits 1 Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level,any part of which is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area or which houses equipment used to transport or process vapors. Vapor-processing equipment located within protective enclosures(See Section 5202.13.3) 2 (Continued) 1-131 TABLE 5202.6-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE FIGURE 5202.6-A TABLE 5202.6-A—CLASS I LOCATIONS'-{Continued) LOCATION GROUP D DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Vapor-processing equipment not within protective enclosures(excluding piping and combustion 2 The space within 18 inches(457.2 mm)in all directions of equipment devices) containing flammable vapor or liquid extending to grade level.Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 10 feet(3048 mm) horizontally of the vapor-processing equipment. Equipment enclosures I Areas within the enclosure where vapor or liquid is present under normal operating conditions. 2 The entire area within the enclosure other than Division 1. Vacuum-assist blowers 2 The space within 18 inches(457.2 mm)in all directions extending to grade level.Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within 10 feet(3048 mm)horizontally. 1Locations as classified in the Electrical Code. 2Refer to Figure 5202.E-A for classified location around dispensing devices. 3Ceiling-mounted hose reels are considered overhead-type dispensing devices. 4For classification of space inside the dispenser enclosure,see Article 90,Standard u.1.6. - Class 1 Div.1 ® Class 1 Div.2 _ I _ _ I414 20'(6096 mm) I I 18"(457.2 mm� 18"(457.2 mm)-- ! 18., (457.2 mm) 2 '(6096 mm 20'(609 mm}// DIS ENS RS FIGURE 5202.6-A--CLASSIFIED LOCATIONS ADJACENT TO DISPENSERS AS DETAILED IN TABLE 5202.6-A 1-132 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE 5203 5204.5.3 SECTION 5203— LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS 5203.5.2.3 Vehicle impact protection. Vehicle impact protec- MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS tion for LP-gas storage containers,pumps and dispensers shall be provided in accordance with Section 8001.11.3. 5203.1 General. Automotive,marine and aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations utilizing LP-gas shall be in accordance 5203.6 Private Fueling of Motor Vehicles. Self-service LP-gas with Section 5203.See also Article 82. dispensing systems,including key,code and card lock dispensing systems,shall not be open to the public and shall be limited to the 5203.2 Approvals. filling of permanently mounted fuel containers on LP-gas pow- ered vehicles. 5203.2.1 General. Storage vessels and equipment used for the storage or dispensing of LP-gas shall be approved or listed in ac- In addition to the requirements in Section 5201.6,self-service cordance with Section 5203.2. LP-gas dispensing systems shall be in accordance with the follow- ing: 5203.2.2 Approved equipment. Containers;pressure-relief de- 1. The system shall be provided with an emergency shutoff vices, including pressure-relief valves; and pressure regulators switch located within 75 feet (22 860 mm)of,but not less than and piping used for LP-gas shall be approved. 25 feet(7620 mm)from,dispensers. 5203.2.3 Listed equipment. Hoses, hose connections, vehicle 2. The owner of the dispensing facility shall ensure the safe op- fuel connections,dispensers,LP-gas pumps and electrical equip- eration of the system and the training of users. ment used for LP-gas shall be listed. 5203.7 Overfilling. Liquefied petroleum gas containers shall 5203.3 Attendants. Motor vehicle fueling operations shall be not be filled in excess of the fixed outage installed by the manufac- conducted by qualified attendants or in accordance with Section turer or the weight stamped on the tank. 5203.6 by persons trained in the proper handling of LP-gas. SECTION 5204—COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS 5203.4 Location. In addition to the requirements of Section MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS 5201.4, the point of transfer for dispensing operations shall be 25 feet(7620 mm)or more from buildings having combustible ex- 5204.1 General. Automotive,marine and aircraft motor vehicle terior wall surfaces or buildings having noncombustible exterior fuel-dispensing stations utilizing CNG shall be in accordance with wall surfaces that are not part of a one-hour fire-resistive assem- Section 5204. bly,property which may be built on,public streets,or sidewalks 5204.2 Standards. Compressed natural gas motor vehicle fuel- and railroads;and at least 10 feet(3048 mm)from driveways and dispensing operations and facilities shall be in accordance with buildings having noncombustible exterior wall surfaces that are UFC Standard 52-1. part of a fire-resistive assembly having a rating of one-hour or more. 5204.3 Approvals. EXCEPTION:The point of transfer for dispensing operations need 52043.1 General. Storage vessels and equipment used for the not be separated from canopies constructed in accordance with the storage,compression or dispensing of CNG shall be approved or Building Code. listed in accordance with Section 5204.3. Liquefied petroleum gas vehicle fuel dispensers shall not be lo- cated in the same island as a gasoline dispenser. 52043.2 Approved equipment. Containers; compressors; pressure-relief devices, including pressure-relief valves; and Liquefied petroleum gas containers shall be located in accor- pressure regulators and piping used for CNG shall be approved. dance with Article 82.Liquefied petroleum gas storage and dis- pensing equipment shall be located outdoors and in accordance 5204.3.3 Listed equipment. Hoses,hose connections,dispens- with Section 5201.5. ers,gas-detection systems and electrical equipment used for CNG shall be listed.Vehicle fueling connections shall be listed and la- 5203.5 Installation of Dispensing Devices and Equipment. beled. 5203.5.1 General.The installation and operation of LP-gas dis- 5204.4 Attendants. Motor vehicle fueling operations shall be pensing systems shall be in accordance with Section 5203.5 and conducted by qualified attendants or in accordance with Section UFC Standard 82-1.Liquefied petroleum gas dispensers and dis- 5204.6 by persons trained in the proper handling of CNG. pensing stations shall be installed in accordance with manufactur- 5204.5 Location of Dispensing Operations and Equipment. ers specifications and their listing. 5204.5.1 General. Compression,storage and dispensing equip- 5203.5.2 Vehicle fuel dispensers. ment shall be located aboveground. 5203.5.2.1 Valves. A manual shutoff valve and an excess flow- EXCEPTIONS:1.Compression,storage or dispensing equipment control valve shall be located in the liquid line between the pump is allowed in buildings of noncombustible construction,as set forth in a the Building Code,which are unenclosed for three quavers or more of and the dispenser outlet and at the termination of the liquid piping the perimeter. at the point of attachment of the dispenser hose. 2. Compression,storage and dispensing equipment is allowed to be EXCEPTION:When approved,an emergency shutoff valve may located indoors in accordance with UFC Standard 52-1. be installed in lieu of the excess flow-control valve at the point where 5204.5.2 Maximum capacity within established limits. With- the dispenser hose is attached to the liquid piping. in the limits established by law restricting the storage of CNG for A listed shutoff valve shall be located at the discharge end of the the protection of heavily populated or congested commercial transfer hose. areas,the aggregate capacity of any one installation shall not ex- 5203.5.2.2 Hoses. Hoses and piping for the dispensing of LP- ceed 183,000 cubic feet(5 181 974 L). gas shall be provided with hydrostatic relief valves. The hose 5204.5.3 Location on property. In addition to the requirements length shall not exceed 18 feet(5486 mm).An approved method of Section 5201.4, compression, storage and dispensing equip- shall be provided to protect the hose against mechanical damage. ment shall be installed as follows: 1-133 5204.5.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5204.10.2.3.6 1. Not beneath power lines, piping,regulators and equipment settings shall be provided to the 2. Ten feet (3048 mm) or more from the nearest building or chief for review and approval.The drawing shall illustrate the pip- property line which could be built on,public street, sidewalk,or ing and regulator arrangement and shall be shown in spatial rela- source of ignition, tion to the location of the compressor, storage vessels and emergency shutdown devices. EXCEPTION:Dispensing equipment need not be separated from canopies constructed in accordance with the Building Code. 5204.10.2.3 Atmospheric venting. 3. Twenty-five feet(7620 mm)or more from the nearest rail of 5204.10.2.3.1 Plans and specifications. A drawing illustrating any railroad track and 50 feet(15 240 mm)or more from the near- the location of the vessel support,piping,the method of grounding est rail of any railroad main track or any railroad or transit line and bonding,and other requirements specified herein shall be pro- where power for train propulsion is provided by an outside electri- vided to the chief for review and approval. cal source such as third rail or overhead catenary,and 4. Fifty feet(15 240 mm)or more from the vertical plane below 5204.10.2.3.2 Cylinder stability. A method of rigidly support- the nearest overhead wire of a trolley bus line. ing the vessel during the venting of CNG shall be provided.The selected method shall provide not more than two points of support 5204.6 Private Fueling of Motor Vehicles. Self-service CNG- and shall prevent the horizontal and lateral movement of the ves- dispensing systems,including key,code and card lock dispensing sel.The system shall be designed to prevent the movement of the systems, shall be limited to the filling of permanently mounted vessel based on the highest gas-release velocity through valve ori- fuel containers on CNG-powered vehicles. fices at the vessel's rated pressure and volume.The structure or ap- In addition to the requirements in Section 5201.6,self-service purtenance shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. CNG-dispensing systems shall be in accordance with the follow- 5204.10.2.3.3 Separation. The structure or appurtenance used ing: for stabilizing the cylinder shall be separated from the site equip- 1. The system shall be provided an emergency shutoff switch ment,features and exposures and shall be located in accordance located within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of,but not less than 25 feet with Table 5204.10-A. (7620 mm)from,dispensers,and 2. The owner of the dispensing facility shall ensure the safe op- TABLE 5204.10-A—SEPARATION DISTANCE FOR eration of the system and the training of users. ATMOSPHERIC VENTING OF CNG MINIMUM SEPARATION 5204.7 Pressure Regulators. Pressure regulators shall be de- EQUIPMENT OR FEATURE (feet) (M-) signed, installed or protected so their operation will not be af- Buildings 25 7620 fected by the elements(freezing rain,sleet,snow or ice),mud or Building openings 25 7620 debris.This protection is allowed to be integral with the regulator. Property lines 15 4572 5204.8 Valves. Gas piping to equipment shall be provided with a Public ways 15 4572 remote,readily accessible manual shutoff valve. Vehicles 25 7620 5204.9 Emergency Shutdown Equipment. An emergency CNG compressor and shutdown device shall be located within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of, storage vessels 25 7620 but not less than 25 feet(7620 mm)from,dispensers and shall also CNG dispensers 25 7620 be provided in the compressor area. Upon activation,the emer- gency shutdown shall automatically shut off the power supply to 5204.10.2.3.4 Grounding and bonding. The structure or ap- the compressor and close valves between the main gas supply and purtenance used for supporting the cylinder shall be grounded in the compressor and between the storage containers and dispens- accordance with the Electrical Code.The cylinder valve shall be ers. bonded prior to the commencement of venting operations. 5204.10 Discharge of CNG from Motor Vehicle Fuel Storage 5204.10.2.35 Vent tube. A vent tube which will divert the gas Containers. flow to atmosphere shall be installed on the cylinder prior to the 5204.10.1 Applicability. The discharge of CNG from motor ve- commencement of venting and purging operation.The vent tube hicle fuel cylinders for the purposes of maintenance,cylinder cer- shall be constructed of pipe or tubing materials in accordance with tification,calibration of dispensers or other activities shall be in Article 90, Standard a.2.5. accordance with Section 5204.10. Piping materials specified in Section 2-8.4 of UFC Standard 52-1 shall not be used.The vent tube shall be capable of dispersing 5204.10.2 Methods. the gas a minimum of 10 feet(3048 mm)above grade level.The 5204.10.2.1 General. The discharge of CNG from motor ve- vent tube shall not be provided with a rain cap or other feature hicle fuel cylinders shall be accomplished through a use-closed which would limit or obstruct the gas flow. transfer system or an approved method of atmospheric venting. At the connection fitting of the vent tube and the CNG cylinder, 5204.10.2.2 Use-closed transfer system. A documented proce- a listed bidirectional detonation flame arrester shall be provided. dure which explains the logical sequence for discharging the cyl- 5204.10.2.3.6 Signage. Approved NO SMOKING signs shall inder shall be provided to the chief for review and approval.The be posted within 10 feet(3048 mm)of the cylinder support struc- procedure shall include what actions the operator will take in the ture or appurtenance. Approved CYLINDER SHALL BE event of a low-pressure or high-pressure natural gas release during BONDED signs shall be posted on the cylinder support structure the discharging activity.A drawing illustrating the arrangement of or appurtenance. 1-134 2001 CALIFORNIA UNIFORM FIRE CODE 6101 PART VI SPECIAL EQUIPMENT ARTICLE 61 -OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT SECTION 6101 —SCOPE SECTION 6105—FUEL OIL Oil-burning equipment other than internal combustion engines, The fuel oil used in a burner shall be of a type approved for the oil lamps and portable devices such as blow torches,melting pots burner and in accordance with the burner manufacturer's recom- and weed burners shall be in accordance with Article 61. mendations. SECTION 6102—GENERAL SECTION 6106—PORTABLE UNVENTED OIL-BURNING HEATING APPLIANCES The design, construction and installation of oil-burning equip- 6106.1 General. The design, construction and use of portable ment shall be in accordance with the Mechanical Code.Oil-burn- unvented oil-burning heating appliances shall be in accordance ing equipment shall be of an approved type. Tanks and piping with Section 6106 and other applicable provisions of this code. serving oil-burning equipment which has been out of service for a period of one year shall be removed from the ground or property or 6106.2 Equipment. Portable unvented oil-burning heating ap- abandoned in place in accordance with Section 7902.1.7.4 of this pliances shall be listed and shall be limited to a fuel tank capacity code. of 2 gallons(7.6 L). EXCEPTION: Appliances approved for temporary use during construction processes are allowed to have a greater fuel tank capacity, SECTION 6103—PERMITS provided such capacity does not exceed the terms of the listing of the appliance. A permit is required to remove,abandon,place temporarily out of 6106.3 Location. The use of listed portable unvented oil-burn- service or otherwise dispose of a combustible liquids tank. See ing heating appliances shall be limited to supplemental heating in Section 105.8,permit f.3. Group S,Divisions 3,4 and 5 and Group U Occupancies. EXCEPTION: When approved, portable unvented oil-burning SECTION 6104—ELECTRICAL WIRING AND heating appliances may be used in any occupancy during construction EQUIPMENT when such use is necessary for the construction and the use does not represent a hazard to life or property. Electrical wiring and equipment used in connection with oil-bum- 6106.4 Fuel. The grade and type of fuel shall be in accordance ing equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical with the listing for the appliance. Storage and handling of fuel Code. shall be in accordance with Article 79. 1-135 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 6201 ARTICLE 62- INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING OVENS SECTION 6201 —SCOPE roofs shall have adequate insulation and clearances to prevent sur- face temperatures from exceeding 160OF(71.1°C).Exhaust ducts Location,construction and operation of industrial baking and dry- shall not discharge near doors,windows or other air intakes in a ing ovens which are heated with oil or gas fuel or which during op- manner that will risk reentry of vapors into the building. eration contain flammable vapors from the products being baked or dried shall be in accordance with Article 62.This article pro- vides requirements for the operation of these ovens within certain SECTION 6204—VENTILATION limitations of control depending on oven design,paint formula- 6204.1 General. Ovens in which flammable or toxic vapors are lion and ventilation requirements.In addition to the requirements liberated or through which products of combustion are circulated of Article 62, industrial baking and drying ovens shall comply shall be ventilated by the introduction of fresh air and proper ex- with UFC Standard 62-1. haust to outdoors. Discharge pipes shall not terminate within 10 feet(3048 mm),measured horizontally,from doors,windows SECTION 6202—PERMITS AND PLANS or wood frame walls of buildings. Oven ventilation shall be ar- ranged to provide vigorous and well-distributed air circulation For a permit to operate an oven regulated by Article 62,see Sec- within the oven and to ensure that the flammable vapor concentra- tion 105,Permit o.3.Application for a permit shall be accompa- tion will be below the lower explosive limit at all times.Unless the nied by plans showing essential details and calculations oven is operated in accordance with specific approval specifying demonstrating safe operation. particular solvents and rate of ventilation,the rate of ventilation shall not be less than 10,000 cubic feet of fresh air per gallon of SECTION 6203--LOCATION AND CONSTRUCTION solvent evaporated(74.8 m3/L)in continuous process ovens and not less than 380 cubic feet per minute per gallon(0.047 m3/s per 6203.1 General. When locating ovens,oven heaters and related L)of flammable solvent evaporated in batch process ovens. equipment, the possibility of fire resulting from overheating or from the escape of fuel gas or fuel oil and the possibility of damage 6204.2 Duct Intake Openings. Exhaust duct intake openings to the building and injury to persons resulting from explosion shall shall be located in the area of greatest concentration of vapors. be considered. 6204.3 Conveying Means. Exhaust shall be conveyed by me- 6203.2 Elevation. Ovens shall be located at or above grade. chanical means using power-driven fans. EXCEPTION: Ovens are allowed in basements having at least 50 percent of the wall area of the room in which the oven is located above SECTION 6205—SAFETY CONTROLS grade. 6203.3 Clearances. Ovens shall be readily accessible for in- 6205.1 General. Safety controls specified in UFC Standard spection and maintenance and shall have adequate clearances to on shall be provided in sufficient number and substantially c allow the proper functioning of explosion vents.Roofs and floors constructed and arranged to maintain the required conditions of of ovens shall be sufficiently insulated and ventilated to keep tem- peratures at combustible ceilings and floors below 160°F 6205.2 Ventilation Controls. Suitably interlocked ventilation (71.1°C). controls shall be provided which will ensure required ventilation 6203.4 Construction. Ovens with a maximum oven-operating of the system. temperature exceeding 160°F (71.1°C) shall be constructed of 6205.3 Fuel-safety Controls. Suitably interlocked fuel-safety noncombustible materials.The amount of insulation used in oven controls shall be provided and arranged to minimize the possibil- panel construction shall be adequate to prevent the outside surface ity of dangerous accumulations of explosive air-fuel mixtures in temperature from exceeding 160°F(71.VC),or adequate guards the heating system. shall be provided to protect personnel. 6205.4 Excess Temperature Controls. Excess temperature 6203.5 Explosion Control. Ovens which could contain flam- controls shall be provided to maintain a safe operating tempera- mable air-gas mixtures shall be equipped with explosion venting. ture within the oven. 6203.6 Ducts. Ducts shall be constructed of noncombustible 6205.5 Conveyor Interlocks. Conveyor interlocks shall be pro- material. Ducts shall be tight and shall not have openings other vided in conveyor ovens having a flammable vapor hazard such than those required for the proper operation and maintenance of that the conveyor cannot move unless ventilating fans are operat- the system. Ducts passing through combustible walls, floors or ing and discharging the required volume of air. 1-137 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 6301 ARTICLE 63- REFRIGERATION SECTION 6301 —SCOPE 6307.2 Valve Operational Procedure. Valves and switches shall be adequately identified as to the sequential procedure to be Refrigeration unit and system installations having a refrigerant followed in the event of an emergency. circuit containing more than 220 pounds(100 kg)of Group Al or 30 pounds(13.6 kg)of any other group refrigerant shall be in ac- 6307.3 Control Boxes. Control boxes shall be of iron or steel not cordance with Article 63 and the Mechanical Code.See the Me- less than 0.055 inch(1.4 mm) (16 gage)thickness and provided chanical Code for refrigerant group descriptions. See also with a hinged cover and lock. Sections 8001.1.2 and 8002. 6307.4 Identification. Control boxes shall be provided with a EXCEPTION:The chief is authorized to exempt temporary or por- permanent label on the outside cover reading FIRE DEPART- table installations. MENT—EMERGENCY CONTROL BOX and including the name of the refrigerant in the system.Hazard identification in ac- SECTION 6302—CLASSIFICATION cordance with UFC Standard 79-3 and Table NO TAG if the re- frigerant used is included in this table shall be posted inside and Refrigerants shall be classified into safety groups in accordance outside of the control box. with the Mechanical Code. Refrigerant hazards categories shall be classified as indicated in SECTION 6308—TREATMENT AND FLARING Table NO TAG if the refrigerant used is included in this table and SYSTEMS FOR DISCHARGE in accordance with Section 8002 otherwise. 6308.1 General. SECTION 6303—DEFINITIONS 6308.1.1 Applicability. Refrigeration systems which are de- signed to discharge refrigerant vapor to atmosphere shall be pro- For definitions of IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE vided with an approved treatment or flaring system when required AND HEALTH (IDLH), LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT by Section 6308.1.Also see Section 6314.1. (LFL),PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT(PEL)and REFRIG- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Ammonia systems complying with Sec- ERANT,see Article 2.For refrigerant groups,see the Mechanical tion 6309. Code. 2.Ammonia absorption systems serving a single dwelling unit. 6308.1.2 Toxic and highly toxic refrigerants. Systems con- SECTION 6304—PERMITS AND PLANS taining refrigerants which are toxic or highly toxic shall discharge vapor to atmosphere only through an approved treatment system. For a permit to install or operate a refrigeration system,see Sec- Treatment systems shall be in accordance with Sections tion 105,Permit r.2.When required by the chief,applications for 8003.3.1.3.5.1, 8003.3.1.3.5.2 and 8003.3.1.3.5.3. permits shall also be in accordance with Section 8001.3. 6308.1.3 Flammable refrigerants. Systems containing refrig- Plans and specifications for devices and systems required by erants which are flammable shall discharge vapor to the atmo- Article 63 shall be submitted to the fire department for review and sphere only through an approved treatment or flaring system. approval prior to installation. Flaring systems shall be in accordance with Section.6308.2. 6308.2 Flaring System Design Requirements. Flaring systems SECTION 6305—INSTALLATION AND for incineration of flammable refrigerants shall be designed to in- MAINTENANCE cinerate the entire discharge.The products of refrigerant incinera- tion shall not pose health or environmental hazards.Incineration Refrigeration systems shall be installed and maintained in a safe shall be automatic upon initiation of discharge,shall be designed manner which will minimize the life,health and fire hazard of the to prevent blowback,and shall not expose structures or materials installation.Installation shall be in accordance with the Mechani- to threat of fire. Standby fuel,such as LP-gas,and standby power cal Code.Also see Sections 6313.5 and 6320.2. shall have the capacity to operate for one and one half the required Refrigeration systems shall be safely maintained in an operable time for complete incineration of refrigerant in the system. condition, free from accumulations of oil,dirt,waste,excessive corrosion,other debris or leaks. SECTION 6309—AMMONIA DISCHARGE Ammonia refrigeration systems shall be provided with an emer- SECTION 6306—ACCESS gency discharge into a tank of water provided exclusively for am- Refrigeration systems shall be accessible to the fire department at monia absorption.At least 1 gallon(3.79 L)of fresh water shall be all times as required by the chief. See also Sections 6310.2 provided for each pound(kg)of ammonia in the system.The water and 6315.3. used shall be prevented from freezing without the use of salt or chemicals by burial below frost depth or other approved means. The tank shall be substantially constructed of not less than 1/8-inch SECTION 6307—EMERGENCY CONTROL BOX (2.51 mm)(10 gage)steel.The horizontal dimensions of the tank shall be equal to or less than one half of the height.The tank shall 6307.1 Location. When required by Article 63 or the Mechani- have a hinged cover or,if of the enclosed type,shall have a vent cal Code,control boxes shall be located outside of the building ad- hole at the top. Pipe connections shall be through the top of the jacent to a street or at an approved accessible location.All portions tank.The discharge pipe from the pressure-relief valves shall dis- of the control box shall be 6 feet(1829 mm)or less above the ad- charge ammonia in the center of the tank near the bottom but not joining grade. more than 30 feet(9144 mm)below the surface of the water. 1-139 6309 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 6311.8 EXCEPTION:An emergency discharge is not required for ammo- EXCEPTIONS: 1. Momentary temperature excursions such as M nia-water absorption unit systems installed outdoors serving a dwell- electrical contacts in Group Al and 131 systems. M ing unit provided that the discharge is shielded and dispersed. 2.Refrigeration machinery rooms used exclusively for direct-fired M absorption equipment. M M SECTION 6310—REFRIGERATION MACHINERY 3.Existing nonconfomvng installations may be allowed if approved M M ROOMS by the building official when the combustion system is interlocked M M with the refrigerant detection system to shut off at the PEL and the risks M M to the equipment life arising from dissociation products are acknowl- M M 6310.1 When Required. Refrigeration systems shall be pro- edged in writing by the owner. M M vided with a refrigeration machinery room when any of the fol- M M lowing conditions exist: M M SECTION 6311 —REFRIGERATION MACHINERY M M 1. The quantity of refrigerant in a single system exceeds quan- ROOM VENTILATION M M tities specified in the Mechanical Code. M M 6311.1 General. Refrigeration machinery rooms shall be pro- M M 2. Direct-fired absorption equipment. vided with a continuous source of outside air for ventilation and M M EXCEPTION:Direct-and indirect-fired lithium bromide absorp- removal of rejected heat. M M tion systems using water as the refrigerant. M M 6311.2 Distribution of Ventilation. Exhaust inlets or perma- M M 3. A Group A 1 system,as determined by the Mechanical Code, nent openings shall be located to provide ventilation throughout M M the entire refrigeration machinery room.having an aggregate compressor energy of 100 horsepower(351.6 M M kW)or more. M M 6311.3 Intermittent Control of Ventilation Systems. Fans M M 4. The system contains other than a Group Al refrigerant,as providing refrigeration machinery room temperature control or M M determined by the Mechanical Code. automatic response to refrigerant gas in order to maintain con- M M EXCEPTIONS:1.Lithium bromide absorption systems using wa- centrations below the PEL are allowed to be automatically con- M M ter as the refrigerant. trolled to provide intermittent ventilation as conditions require. M M2.Ammonia-water absorption unit systems installed outdoors,pro- m vided that the quantity of refrigerant in a single system does not exceed 6311.4 Emergency Control of Ventilation Systems. Fans pro- MTable NO TAG amounts and the discharge is shielded and dispersed. viding emergency purge ventilation for refrigerant escape shall M 3.Systems containing less than 300 pounds(136 kg)of refrigerant have a clearly identified switch of the break-glass type providing MR-123 and located in an approved exterior location. on-only control immediately adjacent to and outside of each re- M 4. Systems containing less than 35 pounds(16 kg)of refrigerant frigerant machinery room means of egress.Purge fans shall also M R-717 and located in an approved exterior location. respond automatically to the refrigerant concentration detection M system set to activate the ventilation system at no more than 25 M 6310. mensons. egeraton machinery rooms shall be ae o M 2 Dimensions. Refrigeration hi percent of the LFL or 50 percent of the IDLH or a measure equiva- M such dimensions that all system parts are readily accessible with lent thereto,whichever is less.An emergency purge control shall M adequate space for maintenance and operations.An unobstructed M be provided with a manual reset only. M walking space at least 3 feet (914.4 mm) in width and 6 feet M 8 inches(2032 mm)in height shall be maintained throughout al- 6311.5 Central Control of Ventilation Systems. Mechanical M lowing free access to at least two sides of all moving machinery ventilation systems shall have switches to control power to each M and approaching each stop valve.Access to refrigeration machin- fan.The switches shall be key operated or within a locked glass- M ery rooms shall be restricted to authorized personnel and posted covered enclosure at an approved location adjacent to and outside MM with a permanent sign. of the principal entrance to the machinery room.Necessary keys M shall be located in a single approved location. Switches control- M 6310.3 Means of Egress. Means of egress shall comply with the ling fans providing continuous ventilation shall be of the two- M Building Code for special hazards. position, on/off type. Switches controlling fans providing 6310A Refrigerant-vapor Alarms. Machinery rooms shall intermittent or emergency ventilation shall be of the three-posi- have approved refrigerant-vapor dectector or detectors. The de- tion,automatic/on/off type. Switches shall be labeled identifying tector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector, shall be both function and specific fan controlled. Ttvo-colored and la- located in an area where refrigerant from a leak is likely to concen- beled indicator lamps responding to the differential pressure trate. The dectector shall activate visual and audible alarms at a created by air flow shall be provided for each switch. One lamp value not greater than one half IDLH,or measurement consistent shall indicate flow,the other shall indicate no flow. therewith, the PEL, or measurement consistent therewith, or 25 6311.6 Ventilation Discharge. Exhaust from mechanical ven- percent of the LFL,whichever is less. tilation systems shall be discharged 20 feet(6096 mm) or more from a property line or openings into buildings.Discharges capa- M 63105 Separation. Refrigeration machinery rooms shall be ble of exceeding 25 percent of the LFL or 50 percent of the IDLH M separated from other portions of the building as required in the M special hazards provisions of the Building Code. Penetrations shall be equipped with approved treatment systems to reduce the M shall be sealed to inhibit the passage of refrigerant vapor. discharge concentrations to these values or lower. Also see Sec- tion 6308.M M 6310.6 Combustion Air and Return Air. Combustion air or re- 6311.7 Fans. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate M M tarn air shall not be taken from or through a refrigeration machin- the emergency purge of other than Group Al or Group B 1 refriger- M M ery room. ants shall meet the requirements for a Class I,Division 1 hazard- M M EXCEPTIONS: 1.Refrigeration machinery rooms used exclusive- ous location as specified in the Electrical Code. M M ly for direct-fired absorption equipment. M M 2.Direct-vented combustion equipment. 6311.8 Ventilation Intake. Makeup-air intakes to replace the M M exhaust air shall be provided to the refrigeration machinery room M M 6310.7 Special Requirements. Open flames or devices having directly from outside the building. Intakes shall be located as re- M M an exposed surface exceeding 800°F(427°C)are prohibited in re- quired by the Mechanical Code and fitted with backdraft dampers M M frigeration machinery rooms. or similar approved flow-control means to prevent reverse flow. M 1-140 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 6311.8 6315.4 M Distribution of makeup air shall be arranged to provide thorough SECTION 6314—REFRIGERATION MACHINERY M M mixing within the refrigeration machinery room to prevent short ROOM EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS M M circuiting of the makeup air directly to the exhaust. M 6314.1 General. Equipment,piping,ducts,vents or similar de- M 6311.9 Ventilation Rate. Ventilation rate shall be in accordance vices which are not essential for the refrigeration process,mainte- M with the Building and Mechanical codes. nance of the equipment, or illumination, ventilation or fire M protection of the room shall not be placed in or pass through a re- M frigeration machinery room. M Equipment essential to the refrigeration process often includes, M SECTION 6312—REFRIGERATED PROCESS AND but is not always limited to,the following:refrigeration compres- M STORAGE AREAS sors;condensing units;pumps,associated piping and automatic M Refrigerant quantities exceeding the amounts in the Mechanical control valves for refrigerant, condenser water, and brine or M Code in evaporators and piping within rooms or spaces used ex- chilled water;refrigeration control devices and panels;machinery M room ventilation equipment;cooling towers or portions thereof; M clusively for processing or storage of materials under refrigerated M conditions shall not be limited provided that means of egress is refrigerant receivers and accumulators; refrigerant vapor-detec- M provided in accordance with the Building Code for special haz- tion and alarm systems;machinery room fire sprinkler system ex- M ards and: clusive of its shutoff valves;machinery room lighting and service M receptacles; and motor control centers and electrical panels for M 1. The refrigerated room or space is equipped with a refrigerant machinery room systems. M M vapor-detection and alarm system complying with Section 6313, M and 6314.2 Electrical. Electrical equipment and installations shall M comply with the Electrical Code. The refrigeration machinery M 2. The refrigerated room or space is sealed from all other por- room shall not be required to be classified as a hazardous location M tions of the building by vaportight construction and tightfitting, for electrical equipment except as provided in the Mechanical M gasketed doors. Code and Article 63. M EXCEPTION:Adjoining refrigerated rooms. 6314.3 Storage. Storage of materials in a refrigeration machin- M ery room shall be in accordance with other applicable articles of M this code. M M SECTION 6313—DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS M 6314A Emergency Control. A clearly identified switch of the M 6313.1 General. When required by this article,approved refrig- break-glass type providing off only control of electrically ener- M erant vapor-detection devices shall be connected to alarm systems gtzed equipment and devices within the refrigeration machinery M room shall be provided immediately adjacent to and outside of M utilizing listed fire alarm signaling devices capable of generating a each refrigeration machinery room means of egress. In addition, M sound level of at least 15 dB above the operating ambient sound M pressure level of the space in which they are installed and provid- emergency shutoff shall also be automatically activated when the M ing an approved, distinctive audible and visual alarm. See Sec- concentration of refrigerant vapor exceeds 25 percent of the LFL. M tions 6314.1 and 8003.1.10. M M SECTION 6315—REFRIGERANT CONTROL VALVES M 6313.2 Detection Thresholds. M 6315.1 Location. Stop valves shall be installed in the refrigerant M 6313.2.1 Alarm. Refrigerant vapor alarms shall be activated piping of a refrigeration system at the following locations: M whenever the refrigerant vapor PEL is exceeded. 1. At the inlet and outlet of a positive-displacement-type com- M pressor,compressor unit or condensing unit, M 6313.2.2 Automatic shutdown. In other than machinery rooms, M such systems shall also automatically stop the flow of refrigerant 2. At the refrigerant outlet from a liquid receiver,and M to evaporators within the space and stop the flow of refrigerant in 3. At the refrigerant inlet of a pressure vessel containing liquid M all supply lines leaving the machinery room whenever the refrig- refrigerant and having an internal gross volume exceeding 3 cubic M erant vapor concentration is detected at or above 50 percent of the feet(85 L). M IDLH or 25 percent of the LFL. Detection of refrigerant vapor M EXCEPTIONS: 1.Systems with nonpositive-displacement com- M concentrations at or above 25 percent of the LFL shall automati- pressors. M cally de-energize electrical power within the space which does not 2.Systems having a pump-out receiver for storage of the charge. M meet the requirements for a Class I,Division 1,Group D electrical 3.Systems containing less than 110 pounds(50 kg)of Group Al re- M installation. frigerant. M 4.Self-contained systems do not require a stop valve at the inlet of M 6313.3 Power and Supervision. Detection and alarm systems the receiver. M shall be powered and supervised as required for fire alarm systems M in accordance with UFC Standard 10-2. 6315.2 Support. Stop valves installed in copper refrigerant M lines of 3/4 inch(19 mm)or less outside diameter shall be securely M 6313.4 Monitoring and Annunciation. Detection and alarm supported independently of the tubing or piping. M systems shall be remotely annunciated at an approved constantly M y y pp y 6315.3 Access. Stop valves required by Section 6315 shall be M attended location as required for fire alarm systems in accordance readily accessible from the refrigeration machinery room floor or M with Article 10. a level platform. M 6313.5 Installation and Maintenance. Detection and alarm 6315.4 Identification. Stop valves shall be identified by tagging M systems shall be installed and maintained as required for fire in accordance with Section 6319.A valve chart shall be mounted M alarm systems in accordance with Article 10 and UFC Standards under glass at an approved location near the principal entrance to a M 10-2 and 10-4.Also see Section 6320.1. refrigeration machinery room. M 1-141 6315.5 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 6324 M 6315.5 Piping Identification. Piping shall be identified in ac- 5. Detection and alarm systems. M cordance with Section 6319.The type of refrigerant,function and M pressure shall be indicated. Fire alarm systems shall be tested in accordance with UFC Stan- M dard 10-2. M M 6320.2 Periodic Testing. The following emergency devices or M SECTION 6316—PROTECTION FROM MECHANICAL systems shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturer's in- M DAMAGE structions and as required by the chief: MRefrigeration systems and portions thereof shall not be located in 1. Treatment and flaring systems, M an elevator shaft,dumbwaiter shaft or a shaft having moving ob- M 2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of M jects therein,nor in a location where they will be subject to me- emergency refrigeration control boxes, M chanical damage.Equipment subject to vehicular damage shall be M protected in accordance with Section 8001.11.3. 3. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emer- gency purge ventilation systems, SECTION 6317—ELECTRICAL 4. Detection and alarm systems.See Section 6313.5. 6317.1 General. Electrically energized components of refrig- Also see Section 6305. eration systems shall conform to the Electrical Code.See also Sec- 6320.3 Records. A written record of required testing shall be tion 6314.2. maintained on the premises. 6317.2 Secondary Source. When treatment,detection or alarm 6320.4 Frequency of Testing. Unless otherwise required by the systems are required,such systems shall be connected to a secon- chief, testing frequency shall be in accordance with Sec- dary source of power to automatically supply electrical power in tion 6320.2. the event of loss of power from the primary source.See the Electri- 6320.5 Personnel Qualifications. Tests of emergency devices cal Code. or systems required by Article 63 shall be conducted by approved persons. SECTION 6318—INSTRUCTIONS The person in charge of premises on which a refrigeration unit or SECTION 6321 —NOTIFICATION OF DISCHARGES system is installed shall provide an approved card located in the The fire department shall be notified immediately upon discharge emergency control box designating: of refrigerant,whether automatic or manual.Refrigerant shall not 1. Instructions for suspending operation of the system in the be discharged except in an emergency.Notification shall comply event of an emergency, with Section 8001.5.2.2. 2. The name,address and emergency telephone numbers to ob- EXCEPTIONS: I.Refrigeration systems operating at pressures tain emergency service, below atmospheric and incorporating automatic purge cycles. 2.Incidental operation of automatic pressure-relief valves resulting 3. The name,address and telephone number of the fire depart- in minor release of the refrigerant charge. ment with instructions to notify the fire department in the event of 3.Incidental minor releases associated with service operations after an emergency,and system pump down has been accomplished. 4. The location and operation of emergency discharge systems when such systems are required by Article 63. SECTION 6322—STORAGE, HANDLING AND USE Flammable and combustible materials shall not be stored in ma- SECTION 6319—EMERGENCY SIGNS AND LABELS chinery rooms. Storage,use and handling of extra refrigerant or Refrigeration units or systems shall be provided with approved refrigerant oils shall be as required by other articles of this code. emergency signs, charts and labels in accordance with the Me- See Articles 74,75,79 and 80 for storage,use and handling other chanical Code and UFC Standard 79-3.See also Appendix VI-J. than within refrigeration systems. Hazard signals shall be in accordance with Table NO TAG if the EXCEPTION: Spare parts,tools and incidental materials neces- refrigerant used is included in this table. sary for the safe and proper operation and maintenance of the system. SECTION 6320—TESTING OF EQUIPMENT SECTION 6323—CHANGING OF REFRIGERANT TYPE 6320.1 Acceptance Testing. The following emergency devices Refrigerant types shall not be changed without prior notification or systems shall be tested to demonstrate their safety and effec- and approval of the chief. tiveness upon completion or alteration: 1. Treatment and flaring systems, SECTION 6324—RECORDS 2. Ammonia diffusion systems, The person in charge of the premises on which a refrigeration unit 3. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of or system subject to these regulations is installed or maintained emergency refrigeration control boxes, shall keep a written record of refrigerant quantities brought onto 4. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emer- and removed from the premises. Such records shall be available to gency purge ventilation systems, and the fire department. 1-142 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 6401 ARTICLE 64- STATIONARY LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEMS SECTION 6401 —SCOPE other portions of the building by a two-hour fire-resistive occu- Stationary lead-acid battery systems having an electrolyte capac- pancy separation. ity of more than 100 gallons(378.5 L)in sprinklered buildings or 6404.4 Spill Control. Each rack of batteries,or group of racks 50 gallons(189.3 L)in unsprinklered buildings used for facility shall be provided with a liquid-tight 4-inch(101.6 mm)spill-con- standby power,emergency power or uninterrupted power supplies trol barrier which extends at least 1 inch(25.4 mm)beyond the shall be in accordance with Article 64. battery rack in all directions. 6404.5 Neutralization. An approved method to neutralize SECTION 6402—DEFINITIONS spilled electrolyte shall be provided.The method shall be capable of neutralizing a spill from the largest lead-acid battery to a pH be- For definitions of BATTERY,LEAD-ACID and BATTERY SYS- tween 7.0 and 9.0. TEM,STATIONARY LEAD-ACID,see Article 2. 6404.6 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance SECTION 6403—PERMITS with the Mechanical Code and the following: 1. The ventilation system shall be designed to limit the maxi- 6403.1 General. For a permit to install or operate battery sys- mum concentration of hydrogen to 1.0 percent of the total volume tems with stationary lead-acid batteries, see Section 105.8, of the room in accordance with nationally recognized standards, Permit b.1. or 6403.2 Design Submittals. Prior to installation,plans shall be 2• Continuous ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less submitted and approved. than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot(5.1 m3/s per m2)of floor area of the room. SECTION 6404—INSTALLATION AND 6404.7 Signs. Doors into rooms or buildings containing station- MAINTENANCE ary lead-acid battery systems shall be provided with approved signs.The signs shall state that the room contains lead-acid battery 6404.1 General. Installation and maintenance of battery sys- systems,that the battery room contains energized electrical cir- tems shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards. cuits and that the battery electrolyte solutions are corrosive liq- See Section 9003,Standards a.2.10 and a.2.11,and Section 6404. uids. 6404.2 Safety Venting. Batteries shall be provided with safety 6404.8 Seismic Protection. Battery systems shall be seismical- venting caps. ly braced in accordance with the Building Code. 6404.3 Occupancy Separation. In other than Groups A, E, I 6404.9 Smoke Detection. An approved automatic smoke detec- and R Occupancies,battery systems shall be located in a room sep- tion system shall be installed in such areas and supervised by an arated from other portions of the building by a minimum one-hour approved central,proprietary or remote station service or a local fire-resistive occupancy separation.In Groups A,E,I and R Occu- alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended pancies,battery systems shall be located in a room separated from location. 1-143 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7401 PART VII SPECIAL SUBJECTS ARTICLE 74- COMPRESSED GASES SECTION 7401 —GENERAL 7401.6 Security. 7401.1 Scope. Storage,use and handling of compressed gases in 7401.6.1 General. Compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks and systems shall be and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel in accordance with Sec- in accordance with Article 74, including those gases regulated don 7401.6. elsewhere in this code.Partially full compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks containing residual gases shall be considered as 7401.6.2 Security of areas. The storage, use and handling of full for the purposes of the controls required. compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks and systems shall be EXCEPTION:Gases within approved refrigeration systems com- safeguarded in accordance with Section 8001.11.2. plying with the Mechanical Code are not regulated by Article 74.See 7401.6.3 Physical protection. Compressed gas containers,cyl- Article 63. inders, tanks and systems which could be exposed to physical For requirements pertaining to bulk oxygen systems at industri- damage shall be protected. Guard posts or other means shall be al and institutional consumer sites,see UFC Standard 80-2. provided to protect compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks For requirements pertaining to cutting and welding, see and systems indoors and outdoors from vehicular damage.When Article 49. such guards are provided,see Section 8001.11.3 for design crite- ria. For requirements pertaining to CNG,see Article 52. 7401.6.4 Securing compressed gas containers,cylinders and For requirements pertaining to cryogenic fluids,see Article 75. tanks. Compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks shall be For requirements pertaining to compressed gases classified as secured to prevent falling due to contact,vibration or seismic ac- hazardous materials, see Article 80. tivity. Securing of compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks shall be by one of the following methods: For requirements pertaining to LP-gas,see Article 82. EXCEPTION:Compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks in the process of examination,filling,transport or servicing. 7401.2 Definitions. For definitions of COMPRESSED GAS, 1. Securing containers, cylinders and tanks to a fixed object COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER, COMPRESSED GAS with one or more restraints. SYSTEM,DOT,FLAMMABLE GAS,FLAMMABLE LIQUE- FIED GAS,HANDLING,NESTING and USE,see Article 2. 2• Securing containers,cylinders and tanks on a cart or other mobile device designed for the movement of compressed gas con- 7401.3 Permits. Permits are required to store,transport on site, tainers,cylinders or tanks. dispense,use or handle compressed gases in excess of quantities 3. Nesting of compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks at specified in Section 105,Permit c.7. container filling or servicing facilities or in seller's warehouses not accessible to the public.Nesting shall be allowed provided the 7401.4 Containers, Cylinders and Tanks. Compressed gas nested containers,cylinders or tanks,if dislodged,do not obstruct containers, cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance with Sec- the required means of egress. tion 8001.4.Compressed gas containers,cylinders or tanks which are not designed for refillable use shall not be refilled after use of 4. Securing of compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks the original contents. to or within a rack, framework, cabinet or similar assembly de- signed for such use. 7401.5 Marking. 7401.7 Valve Protection. 7401.5.1 General. Compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks 7401.7.1 General. Compressed gas container,cylinder and tank and systems shall be marked in accordance with nationally recog- valves shall be protected from physical damage by means of pro- nized standards and in accordance with Section 7401.5. See Ar- tective caps, collars or similar devices in accordance with Sec- ticle 90,Standards a.2.1 and c.1.1. tion 7401.7. 7401.5.2 Stationary compressed gas containers, cylinders 7401.7.2 Compressed gas container,cylinder or tank protec- and tanks. Stationary compressed gas containers,cylinders and tive caps or collars. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be marked in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3. tanks designed for protective caps,collars or other protective de- Markings shall be visible from any direction of approach. vices shall have the caps or devices in place except when the con- tainers,cylinders or tanks are in use or are being serviced or filled. 7401.5.3 Piping systems. Markings used for piping systems 7401.7.3 Caps and plugs. Compressed gas containers, cylin- shall consist of the content's name and include a direction of flow ders and tanks designed for valve protection caps or other protec- arrow.Markings shall be provided at each valve;at wall,floor or tive devices shall have the caps or devices attached.When outlet ceiling penetrations; at each change of direction; and at a mini- caps or plugs are installed,they shall be in place. mum of every 20 feet(6096 mm)or fraction thereof throughout EXCEPTION:Arben compressed gas containers, cylinders or the piping run. tanks are in use,being serviced or being filled. EXCEPTION:Piping which could carry more than one gas at vari- 7401.8 Separation from Hazardous Conditions. ous times shall have appropriate signs or markings posted at the man- ifold, along the piping and at each point of use to provide clear 7401.8.1 General. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and identification and warning. tanks and systems in storage or use shall be separated from materi- 1-145 7401.8.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7402.2.2.1 als and conditions which present exposure hazards to or from each 7401.11 Unauthorized Use. Compressed gas containers,cylin- other. Compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks and systems in ders, tanks and systems shall not be used for any purpose other storage or use shall be separated in accordance with Section than to serve as a vessel for containing the product which it is de- 7401.8. signed to contain. 7401.8.2 Incompatible materials. Compressed gas containers, 7401.12 Exposure to Fire. Compressed gas containers, cylin- cylinders and tanks shall be separated from each other based on ders and tanks which have been exposed to fire shall be removed the hazard class of their contents.Compressed gas containers,cyl- from service.Containers,cylinders and tanks so removed shall be inders and tanks shall be separated from incompatible materials in handled by approved qualified persons. accordance with Section 8001.11.8. 7401.13 Leaks, Damage or Corrosion. Leaking, damaged or 7401.8.3 Combustible waste, vegetation and similar materi- corroded compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks shall be removed from service. Leaking, damaged or corroded com- als. Combustible waste,vegetation and similar materials shall be pressed gas systems shall be replaced or repaired in accordance kept a minimum of 10 feet(3048 mm)from compressed gas con- with the following: tainers, cylinders,tanks and systems. An unpierced noncombus- tible barrier extending not less than 18 inches(457 mm)above and 1. Compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks which have to the front and rear of the area of storage or use is allowed in lieu been removed from service shall be handled in an approved man- of such distance. ner. 2. Compressed gas systems which are determined to be leak- 7401.8.4 Ledges, platforms and elevators. Compressed gas ing,damaged or corroded shall be repaired to a serviceable condi- containers,cylinders and tanks shall not be placed near elevators, tion or removed from service. unprotected platform ledges or other areas where falling would re- sult in compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks being al- 7401.14 Surface of Unprotected Storage or Use Areas. lowed to drop distances exceeding one half the height of the Unless otherwise specified,compressed gas containers,cylinders container,cylinder or tank. and tanks are allowed to be stored or used without being placed under overhead cover.(See Section 7401.15.)To prevent bottom 7401.8.5 Temperature extremes. Compressed gas containers, corrosion,containers,cylinders and tanks shall be protected from cylinders and tanks,whether full or partially full,shall not be ex- direct contact with soil or unimproved surfaces.The surface of the posed to artificially created high temperatures exceeding 125°F area on which the containers are placed shall be graded to prevent (51.7°C) or subambient (low) temperatures unless designed for accumulation of water. use under the exposed conditions. 7401.15 Overhead Cover. Compressed gas containers, cylin- 7401.8.6 Falling objects. Compressed gas containers, cylin- ders and tanks are allowed to be stored or used in the sun except in ders,tanks and systems shall not be placed in areas where they are locations where extreme temperatures prevail. When extreme likely to be damaged by falling objects. temperatures prevail,overhead covers shall be provided. 7401.16 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial 7401.8.7 Heating. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and lighting means shall be provided in accordance with Sec- tanks, whether full or partially full,shall not be heated by devices tion 8004.1.9. which could raise the surface temperature of the container,cylin- der or tank to above 125°F(51.7°C). Heating devices shall be in SECTION 7402—STORAGE accordance with the Mechanical and Electrical codes.Approved heating methods involving temperatures of less than 1250F 7402.1 General. (51.7°C)are allowed to be used by trained personnel.Devices de- signed to maintain individual compressed gas containers, cylin- 7402.1.1 Applicability. The storage of compressed gas contain- ders or tanks at constant temperature shall be approved and shall ers,cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7402. be designed to be fail safe. 7402.1.2 Upright storage. Liquefied gas compressed gas con- 7401.8.8 Sources of ignition. Open flames and high-tempera- tainers,cylinders and tanks,except those designed for use in a hor- izontal position,and all compressed gas containers,cylinders and ture devices shall not be used in a manner which creates a hazard- tanks containing nonliquefied gases shall be stored in a"valve end ous condition. up"upright position.An upright position shall include conditions 7401.8.9 Exposure to chemicals. Compressed gas containers, Where the container,cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be exposed to corrosive 45 degrees from the vertical. chemicals or fumes which could damage containers, cylinders, EXCEPTIONS: 1.Compressed gas containers with a water vol- tanks, valves or valve-protective caps. ume less than 1.3 gallons(5 Q are allowed to be stored in a horizontal position. 7401.9 Wiring and Equipment. Electrical wiring and equip- 2. Cylinders,containers and tanks containing nonflammable gases ment shall be in accordance with the Electrical Code. or cylinders,containers and tanks containing nonliquefied flammable gases,which have been secured to a pallet for transportation purposes. Compressed gas containers,cylinders,tanks and systems shall 7402.2 Material-specific Regulations. not be located where they could become part of an electrical cir- cuit. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems 7402.2.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of compressed gases shall not be used for electrical grounding. shall be in accordance with the material-specific provisions of Section 8003. 7401.10 Service and Repair. Service, repair, modification or 7402.2.2 Exterior storage. removal of valves, pressure-relief devices or other compressed gas container,cylinder or tank appurtenances shall be performed 7402.2.2.1 General. Exterior storage of compressed gases shall by trained personnel in accordance with nationally recognized be in accordance with the material-specific provisions of Sec- standards. See Article 90,Standard u.3.3. tion 8003. 1-146 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7402.2.2.2 7404.2.1.4 7402.2.2.2 Separation. Distances from property lines, build- 7403.3 Handling. ings and exposures shall be in accordance with the material-spe- 7403.3.1 Application. The handling of compressed gas contain- cific provisions of Section 8003. ers, cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance with Sec- tion 7403.3. SECTION 7403—USE AND HANDLING 7403.3.2 Carts and trucks. Containers, cylinders and tanks 7403.1 General. shall be moved using an approved method.Where containers,cyl- inders or tanks are moved by hand cart,hand truck or other mobile 7403.1.1 Applicability. The use and handling of compressed device,such carts,trucks or devices shall be designed for the se- gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be in accor- cure movement of containers,cylinders or tanks.Carts and trucks dance with Section 7403. utilized for transport of compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks within buildings shall be in accordance with Section 7403.1.2 Compressed gas systems. Compressed gas systems 8001.12.3. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by per- gas containers,cylinders and tanks exterior to buildings shall be sons competent in such design.Where nationally recognized good designed so that the containers, cylinders and tanks will be se- practices or standards have been established for the process cured against dropping or otherwise striking violently against employed,such practices and standards shall be followed.Com- each other or other surfaces. pressed gas equipment,machinery and processes shall be in accor- dance with Section 8001.4.4. 7403.3.3 Lifting devices. Ropes, chains or slings shall not be used to suspend compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks 7403.1.3 Controls. Compressed gas system controls shall be de- unless provisions at time of manufacture have been made on the signed to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or container, cylinder or tank for appropriate lifting attachments, reaction systems at other than the intended time,rate or path.Au- such as lugs. tomatic controls shall be designed to be fail safe. 7403.1.4 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing,valves,fit- SECTION 7404—MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS tings and pressure regulators,shall be in accordance with Sections 7404.1 General. Compressed gases at hospitals and similar fa- 7403 and 8001.4.3.Piping,tubing,pressure regulators,valves and cilities intended for inhalation or sedation including,but not limit- other apparatus shall be kept gas-tight to prevent leakage. ed to, analgesia systems for dentistry, podiatry, veterinary and 7403.1.5 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems similar uses shall be in accordance with Section 7404 in addition shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be accessible.Valve to other requirements of Article 74. handles or operators for required shutoff valves shall not be re- 7404.2 Supply Location. moved or otherwise altered to prevent access. 7403.1.E Venting. Venting of gases shall be directed to an ap- 7404.2.1 Interior supply location. proved location.Venting shall be in accordance with the Mechani- 7404.2.1.1 General. Medical gases shall be stored in areas dedi- cal Code. cated to the storage of such gases without other storage or uses. When containers of medical gases in quantities greater than the 7403.1.7 Upright use. Liquefied gas compressed gas contain- permit amount are located inside buildings,they shall be in a one- ers,cylinders and tanks,except those designed for use in a hori- hour exterior room, a one-hour interior room or a gas cabinet in zontal position,and all compressed gas containers,cylinders and accordance with Section 7404.2.1.2,7404.2.1.3 or 7404.2.1.4. tanks containing nonliquefied gases shall be used in a"valve end up"upright position.An upright position shall include conditions 7404.2.1.2 One-hour exterior rooms. A one-hour exterior where the container,cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as room shall be a room or enclosure separated from the rest of the 45 degrees from the vertical.Nonflammable liquefied gases may building by not less than one-hour-rated fire-resistive construc- be used in the inverted position when the liquid phase is used,pro- tion.Openings between the room or enclosure and interior spaces vided that the container,cylinder or tank is properly secured and shall be self-closing smoke-and draft-control assemblies having a the dispensing apparatus is designed for liquefied gas use. fire-protection rating of not less than one hour.Rooms shall have at least one exterior wall which is provided with at least two vents. EXCEPTION: Compressed gas containers,cylinders and tanks Each vent shall not be less than 36 square inches(0.023 m2)in with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons(5 L)are allowed to be used area.One vent shall be within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the floor and in a horizontal position. one shall be within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the ceiling.Containers 7403.1.8 Transfer. Transfer of gases between containers,cylin- of medical gases shall be provided with at least one fire sprinkler ders and tanks shall be performed by qualified personnel using to provide container cooling in case of fire. equipment and operating procedures in accordance with national- ly recognized standards. See Article 90,Standard c.1.2. 7404.2.1.3 One-hour interior room. When an exterior wall cannot be provided for the room, automatic sprinklers shall be 7403.1.9 Use of compressed gas for inflation. Inflatable equip- installed within the room.The room shall be exhausted through a ment,devices or balloons shall only be pressurized or filled with duct to the exterior.Makeup air to the room shall be taken from the compressed air or inert gases. exterior.Both separate air streams shall be enclosed in a one-hour- 7403.2 Material-specific Regulations. rated shaft enclosure from the room to the exterior.Approved me- chanical ventilation shall be in accordance with the Mechanical 7403.2.1 Indoor use. In addition to the requirements of Section Code and provided at a minimum rate of 1 cubic foot per minute 7403,indoor use of compressed gases shall be in accordance with per square foot(5.1 L/s per m2)of the area of the room. material-specific provisions of Section 8004. 7404.2.1.4 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be in accordance 7403.2.2 Exterior use. In addition to the requirements of Sec- with the following: tion 7403,exterior use of compressed gases shall be in accordance 1. Operated at a negative pressure in relation to surrounding with material-specific provisions of Section 8004. area, 1-147 7404.2.1.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7404.2.3 2. Provided with self-closing limited-access ports or noncom- 6. Internally sprinklered. bustible windows to give access to equipment controls.The aver- 7404.2.2 Exterior supply locations. Oxidizer medical gas sys- age velocity of ventilation at the face of access ports or windows shall not be less than 200 feet per minute(61 m/min.)with amini- terns located on the exterior of a building with quantities greater Sec- mum of 150 feet per minute(45.7 m/min.)at any point of the ac- than the permit amount shall be located in accordance with Sec tion 8004. cess port or window, 3. Connected to an exhaust system, 7404.2.3 Medical gas systems. Medical gas systems including, but not limited to,distribution piping,supply manifolds,connec- tions,pressure regulators,and relief devices and valves,shall be in 5. Constructed of not less than 0.097-inch(2.46 mm)(12 gage) accordance with UFC Standard 74-1 and the general provisions of steel, and Article 74. 1-148 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7501 ARTICLE 75- CRYOGENIC FLUIDS SECTION 7501 —GENERAL 3. Description showing dimensions and materials used in 7501.1 Scope. Storage, use and handling of cryogenic fluids construction; shall be in accordance with Article 75. Partially full containers 4.Design pressure,maximum operating pressure and test pres- having residual cryogenic fluids shall be considered as full for the sure; purposes of the controls required. 5.Type, size and setting of pressure relief devices;and EXCEPTION:Fluids within an approved closed-cycle refrigera- 6.Other data requested by the chief. tion system complying with the Mechanical Code are not regulated by 7501.4.3 Concrete containers. Concrete containers shall be Article 75.See Article 63. For requirements pertaining to oxidizing cryogenic fluids,see built in accordance with the Building Code.Barrier materials and UFC Standard 80-2.Common oxidizing cryogenic fluids include membranes used in connection with concrete,but not functioning structurally, shall be compatible with the materials contained. oxygen. For requirements pertaining to flammable cryogenic fluids,see 7501.4.4 Foundations and supports. Containers shall be pro- vided with substantial concrete or masonry foundations,or struc- UFC UFC hydrogen,methane and carbon monoxide. tural steel supports on firm concrete or masonry foundations. clude Containers shall be supported to prevent the concentration of ex- Liquefied natural gas(LNG)is not regulated by this article.For cessive loads on the supporting portion of the shell.Foundations requirements pertaining to liquefied natural gas,see Section 9003, for horizontal containers shall be constructed to accommodate ex- Standard n.2.2. pansion and contraction of the container. Foundations shall be For requirements pertaining to inert cryogenic fluids,see UFC provided to support the weight of vaporizers or heat exchangers. Standard 80-4.Common inert cryogenic fluids include argon,he- 7501.4.4.1 Temperature effects. When container foundations lium and nitrogen. or supports are subject to exposure to temperatures below—150°F For requirements pertaining to cryogenic fluids classified as (-101°C),the foundations or supports shall be constructed of ma- hazardous materials, see Article 80. terials to withstand the low-temperature effects of cryogenic fluid For a table of weight and volume equivalents to convert gallons spillage. of liquid to cubic feet of gas and similar units of measure,see Ap- 7501.4.4.2 Corrosion protection. Portions of containers in pendix VI-F. contact with foundations or saddles shall be painted to protect against corrosion. 7501.2 Definitions. 7501.5 Pressure-relief Devices. 7501.2.1 General. For definitions of CRYOGENIC FLUID, 7501.5.1 General. Pressure-relief devices shall be provided to CRYOGENIC VESSEL, DESIGN PRESSURE and SYSTEM, protect containers and systems containing cryogenic fluids from see Article 2. rupture in the event of overpressure in accordance with Section 7501.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 75, 7501.5. Pressure-relief devices shall be designed in accordance certain terms are defined as follows: with nationally recognized standards. See Section 9003, Stan- CONTAINER is a cryogenic vessel used for transportation, dards c.1.3,c.1.4 and c.1.5. handling or storage. 7501.5.2 Containers. Containers shall be provided with pres- OPERATING PRESSURE is the pressure at which a system sure-relief devices. operates. EXCEPTION:Portable containers in open use. 7501.5.3 Vessels or equipment other than containers. Heat 7501.3 Permits. For a permit to store, transport on site, dis- exchangers, vaporizers, insulation casings surrounding contain- pense,use or handle cryogenic fluids,see Section 105,Permit c.9. ers,vessels and coaxial piping systems in which liquefied cryo- EXCEPTION:Permits are not required for vehicles equipped for genic fluids could be trapped due to leakage from the primary and using cryogenic fluids as the primary fuel for propelling the vehicle container shall be provided with a pressure-relief device. or for refrigerating the lading. 7501.5.4 Sizing. Pressure-relief devices shall be sized in accor- 7501.4 Containers. dance with the specifications to which the container was fabri- 7501.4.1 General. Containers employed for storage or use of cated. The relief device shall have sufficient capacity to prevent cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with Sections 7501.4 the maximum design pressure of the container or system from be- and 8004.1.2. ing exceeded. 7501.4.2 Nonstandard containers. Containers,equipment and 75015.5 Accessibility. Pressure-relief devices shall be located devices which are not in compliance with recognized standards such that they are readily accessible for inspection and repair. for design and construction may be approved upon presentation of 7501.5.6 Arrangement. Pressure-relief devices shall be ar- satisfactory evidence that they are designed and constructed for ranged to discharge unobstructed to the open air in such a manner safe operation. as to prevent impingement of escaping gas on personnel,contain- The following data shall be submitted to the chief with refer- ers,equipment and adjacent structures or to enter enclosed spaces. ence to the deviation from the standard with the application for ap- EXCEPTION:DOT-specified containers with an internal volume proval: of 2 cubic feet(0.057m3)or less. 7501.5.7 Shutoffs between pressure-relief devices and con- tainers. Shutoff valves shall not be installed between pressure- 2.Material to be stored,used or transported; relief devices and containers. 1-149 7501.5.7 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7501.9.3 EXCEPTION:A shutoff valve is allowed on containers equipped 7501.8 Security. with multiple pressure-relief device installations where the arrange- ment of the valves will provide the full required flow through the mini- 7501.8.1 General. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be mum number of required relief devices at all times. secured against accidental dislodgment and against access by un- 75015.8 Temperature limits. Pressure-relief devices shall not authorized personnel in accordance with Section 7501.8. be subjected to cryogenic fluid temperatures except when operat- 7501.8.2 Security of areas. Containers and systems shall be ing• safeguarded in accordance with Section 8001.11.2. 7501.6 Pressure-relief Vent Piping. 7501.8.3 Securing of containers. Stationary containers shall be 7501.6.1 General. Pressure-relief vent piping systems shall be secured to foundations in accordance with the Building Code.Por- constructed and arranged so as to remain functional and direct the table containers subject to shifting or upset shall be secured.Nest- flow of gas to a safe location in accordance with Section 7501.6. ing is allowed as a means of securing containers. 7501.8.4 Securing of vaporizers. Vaporizers, heat exchangers 7501.6.2 Sizing. Pressure-relief device vent piping shall have a and similar equipment shall be anchored to a suitable foundation, cross-sectional area not less than that of the pressure-relief device and its connecting piping shall be sufficiently flexible to provide vent opening and shall be arranged to not unduly restrict the flow for the effects of expansion and contraction due to temperature of escaping gas. changes. 7501.6.3 Arrangement. Pressure-relief device vent piping and 7501.8.5 Physical protection. Containers,piping,valves,pres- drains in vent lines shall be arranged so that escaping gas will dis- sure-relief devices, regulating equipment and other appurte- charge unobstructed to the open air and not impinge on personnel, nances shall be protected against physical damage and against containers, equipment and adjacent structures or enter enclosed tampering. spaces.Pressure-relief device vent lines shall be installed in such a manner to exclude or remove moisture and condensation and pre- 7501.9 Separation from Hazardous Conditions. vent malfunction of the pressure-relief device due to freezing or 7501.9.1 General. Cryogenic containers and systems in storage ice accumulation. or use shall be separated from materials and conditions which 7501.7 Marking. present exposure hazards to or from each other in accordance with Section 7501.9. 7501.7.1 General. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be 7501.9.2 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be marked in accordance with nationally recognized standards and in separated from exposure hazards in accordance with the UFC accordance with Section 7501.7. See Section 9003, Standards p p a.2.1 and c.l.l. standard applicable to the type of fluid contained and the mini- mum separation distances indicated in Table 7501.9.2-A.See Sec- 7501.7.2 Identification signs. Visible hazard identification tion 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. signs shall be provided at entrances to buildings or areas in which cryogenic fluids are stored, handled or used in accordance with TABLE 7501.9.2-A—MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE Section 8001.7. BETWEEN STATIONARY CONTAINERS AND EXPOSURES 7501.7.3 Identification of contents. Stationary aboveground MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) containers shall be placarded and the contents shall be identified EXPOSURE x So4.8 for mm in accordance with the requirements of Section 8003.1.2.Portable Buildings,regardless of I containers shall be identified in accordance with nationally recog- construction type nized standards. See Section 9003, Standard c.1.1. wall openings I Air intakes 10 7501.7.4 Identification of containers. Stationary containers Property lines 5 shall be identified with the manufacturing specification and maxi- Places of public assembly 50 mum allowable working pressure with a permanent nameplate. The nameplate shall be installed on the container in an accessible Nonambulatory patient areas 50 location. The nameplate shall be marked in accordance with na- Combustible materials such as recognized standards. See Section 9003,Standards a.5.1 Paper,leaves,weeds,dry grass or 15 tionall Y g debris and u.3.3. Other hazardous materials See Section 8001.11.8 7501.7.5 Identification of container connections. Container inlet and outlet connections,liquid-level limit controls,valves and 7501.9.2.1 Point of fill connections. Remote transfer points and pressure gages shall be identified in accordance with one of the fill-connection points shall not be positioned closer to exposures following: marked with a permanent tag or label identifying their than the minimum distances required for stationary containers. function, or identified by a schematic drawing which portrays See Section 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. their function and designates whether they are connected to the vapor or liquid space of the container.When a schematic drawing 7501.9.2.2 Surfaces beneath containers. The surface of the is provided,it shall be attached to the container and maintained in area on which stationary containers are placed,including the sur- a legible condition. face of the area located below the point where connections are made for the purpose of filling such containers,shall be compat- 7501.7.6 Identification of piping systems. Piping systems ible with the fluid in the container.See Section 7501.1 for applica- shall be identified in accordance with Section 8001.4.3. ble UFC standards. 7501.7.7 Identification of emergency shut-off valves. Emer- 7501.9.3 Portable containers. Portable containers shall be sep- gency shut-off valves shall be identified in accordance with Sec- arated from exposure hazards in accordance with Table tion 8001.4.3. 7501.9.3-A. 1-150 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7501.9.3-A 7501.9.3.1—7502.3.2.2 TABLE 7501.9.3-A—MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE 7502.2.1 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be BETWEEN PORTABLE CONTAINERS AND EXPOSURES installed in accordance with the UFC standard applicable to the MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) type of fluid stored and Section 7502.2.1.See Section 7501.1 for EXPOSURE x 304.8 for mm applicable UFC standards. Building means of egress _ 10 7502.2.1.1 Containers stationary. Stationary containers shall Wall openings 1 be in accordance with Section 7501.4. Air intakes 10 Property lines 5 7502.2.1.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in Room or area means of egress 3 stationary containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, Combustible materials such as rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the Building Code. paper,leaves,weeds,dry grass or 15 7502.2.1.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for stationary containers debris shall be ventilated in accordance with the Mechanical Code. Other hazardous materials See Section 8001.11.8 7502.2.2 Portable containers. Indoor storage of portable con- tainers shall be in accordance with the UFC standard applicable to 7501.9.3.1 Surfaces beneath containers. Containers shall be the type of fluid stored and the requirements of Section 7502.2.2. placed on surfaces which are compatible with the fluid in the con- See Section 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. tainer. See Section 7501.1 for applicable UFC standards. 7502.2.2.1 Containers. Portable containers shall be in accor- 7501.10 Electrical Wiring and Equipment. dance with Section 7501.4. 7501.10.1 General. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be in 7502.2.2.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in accordance with the Electrical Code and Section 7501.10. portable containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the Building Code. 7501.10.2 Location. Containers and systems shall not be lo- cated where they could become part of an electrical circuit. 7502.2.2.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for portable containers shall be ventilated in accordance with the Mechanical Code. 7501.10.3 Electrical grounding and bonding. Containers and systems shall not be used for electrical grounding.When electrical 7502.3 Outdoor Storage. grounding and bonding is required the system shall be in accor- 7502.3.1 Stationary containers. The outdoor storage of sta- dance with the Electrical Code. The grounding system shall be tionary containers shall be in accordance with Sections 7501 protected against corrosion,including corrosion caused by stray and 7502.3.1. electric currents. 7502.3.1.1 Location. Stationary containers shall be located in 7501.11 Service and Repair. Service, repair, modification or accordance with Section 7501.9. removal of valves,pressure-relief devices or other container ap- purtenances shall be in accordance with Section 7501.11 and na- Containers of cryogenic fluids shall not be located within diked tionally recognized standards.See Section 9003,Standards a.5.1 areas containing other hazardous materials. and u.3.3. 7502.3.1.2 Areas subject to flooding. Stationary containers lo- 7501.11.1 Containers. Containers which have been removed cated in areas subject to flooding shall be securely anchored or ele- from service shall be handled in an approved manner. vated to prevent the containers from separating from foundations or supports. 7501.11.2 Systems. Service and repair of systems shall be per- ormed by trained personnel in accordance with nationally recog- 7502.3.1.3 Drainage. The area surrounding stationary contain- formed standards. ers shall be provided with a means to prevent accidental discharge nized of fluids from endangering personnel,containers,equipment and 7501.12 Unauthorized Use. Containers shall not be used for adjacent structures or to enter enclosed spaces. The stationary any purpose other than to serve as a vessel for containing the prod- container shall not be placed where spilled or discharged fluids uct which it is designed to contain. will be retained around the container. EXCEPTION:These provisions may be altered or waived when 7501.13 Leaks,Damage and Corrosion. Leaking,damaged or determined by the chief that the container does not constitute a hazard, corroded containers shall be removed from service. Leaking, after consideration of special features such as crushed rock utilized as damaged or corroded systems shall be replaced,repaired or re- a heat sink,topographical conditions,nature of occupancy,proximity moved in accordance with Section 7501.11. to structures on the same or adjacent property,and the capacity and construction of containers and character of fluids to be stored. 7501.14 Lighting. When required by the chief,lighting,includ- 7502.3.2 Portable containers. Outdoor storage of portable con- ing emergency lighting, shall be provided to illuminate fire ap- tainers shall be in accordance with Sections 7501 and 7502.3.2. pliances and operating facilities such as walkways,control valves and gates ancillary to stationary containers. 7502.3.2.1 Location. Portable containers shall be located in ac- cordance with Section 7501.9. SECTION 7502—STORAGE 7502.3.2.2 Drainage. The area surrounding portable containers shall be provided with a means to prevent accidental discharge of 7502.1 General. Storage of containers shall be in accordance fluids from endangering adjacent containers, buildings, equip- with Section 7502. ment or adjoining property. EXCEPTION:These provisions may be altered or waived when 7502.2 Indoor Storage. determined by the chief that the container does not constitute a hazard. 1-151 7503 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7503.4.3 SECTION 7503—USE AND HANDLING 7503.2 Material-specific Requirements. 7503.1 General. 7503.2.1 Indoor use. Indoor use of cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with the material-specific provisions of Sec- 7503.1.1 Applicability. Use and handling of containers and sys- tion 7501.1. tems shall be in accordance with Section 7503. 7503.2.2 Outdoor use. 7503.1.2 Cryogenic fluid systems. Cryogenic fluid systems 7503.2.2.1 General. Outdoor use of cryogenic fluids shall be in shall be suitable for the use intended and designed by persons accordance with the material specific provisions of Sections competent in such design. Where nationally recognized good 7501.1 and 7503.2.2. practices or standards have been established for the process employed,such practices and standards shall be followed.Equip- 7503.2.2.2 Separation. Distances from property lines, build- ment,machinery and processes shall be in accordance with Sec- ings and exposure hazards shall be in accordance with Section tion 8001.4.4. 7501.9 and the material-specific provisions of Section 7501.1. 7503.1.3 Piping systems. 7503.2.2.3 Shutoff valves. Readily available shutoff valves shall be provided to shut off the cryogenic fluid supply in case of 7503.1.3.1 General. Piping, tubing, valves,joints and fittings emergency.A shutoff valve shall be located at the source of supply conveying cryogenic fluids shall be installed in accordance with and at the point where the system enters the building. the material-specific provisions of Sections 7501.1 and 7503.1.3. 7503.3 Filling and Dispensing. 7503.1.3.2 Design and construction. Piping systems shall be suitable for the use intended through the full range of pressure and hall b.1 General. Filling and dispensing of cryogenic fluids s temperature to which they will be subjected.Piping systems shall shall be in accordance with Section 7503.3. be designed and constructed to provide adequate allowance for 7503.3.2 Dispensing areas. Dispensing of cryogenic fluids with expansion, contraction,vibration, settlement and fire exposure. physical or health hazards shall be conducted in approved loca- tions.Dispensing indoors shall be conducted in areas constructed 7503.1.3.3 Joints. Joints on container piping and tubing shall be in accordance with the Building Code. threaded, welded,silver-brazed or flanged. 7503.3.2.1 Ventilation. Indoor areas where cryogenic fluids are 7503.1.3.4 Valves and accessory equipment. Valves and ac- dispensed shall be ventilated in accordance with the requirements cessory equipment shall be suitable for the intended use at the tem- of Sections 8004.2.2.2 and 8004.2.3.3 and the Mechanical Code. peratures of the application and shall be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum pressure at the minimum temperature 75033.2.2 Piping systems. Piping systems utilized for filling or to which they will be subjected. dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 7503.1.3. 7503.1.3.4.1 Shutoff valves on containers. Shutoff valves shall be provided on all container connections except for pressure-relief 750333 Vehicle loading and unloading areas. Loading or un- devices.Shutoff valves shall be accessible and located as close as loading areas shall be constructed in accordance with the require- practical to the container. ment of the appropriate UFC standard. See Section 7501.1. 7503.1.3.4.2 Shutoff valves on piping. Shutoff valves shall be 7503.3.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided to installed in piping containing cryogenic fluids when needed to prevent overfilling of stationary containers during filling opera- limit the volume of liquid discharged in the event of piping or tions. equipment failure.Pressure-relief valves shall be installed when 7503.4 Handling. liquid can be trapped between shutoff valves in the piping system. See Section 7501.5.1. 7503.4.1 Applicability. Handling of cryogenic containers shall be in accordance with Section 7503.4. 7503.1.3.5 Physical protection and support. Aboveground 7503A.2 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall be piping systems shall be well supported and protected from physi- moved using an approved method. Where cryogenic containers cal damage.Piping passing through walls shall be protected from are moved by hand cart,hand truck or other mobile device,such mechanical damage. carts,trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement 7503.1.3.6 Corrosion protection. Aboveground piping which of the container. is subject to corrosion shall be protected against corrosion.Below Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers shall be ground piping shall be protected against corrosion. designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be trans- 7503.1.3.7 Testing. Piping systems shall be tested and proven Ported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent free of leaks after installation as required by the standards to which accidental dislodgment. they were designed and constructed. Test pressures shall not be 7503.4.3 Closed containers. Pressurized containers shall be less than 15 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure transported in a closed condition.Containers designed for use at when hydraulic testing is conducted or 110 percent when testing is atmospheric conditions shall be transported with appropriate conducted pneumatically. loose-fitting covers in place to prevent spillage. 1-152 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7601 ARTICLE 76-- PREVENTION OF DUST EXPLOSIONS SECTION 7601 —GENERAL SECTION 7605—HOUSEKEEPING 7601.1 Scope. Prevention of dust explosions shall be in accor- Accumulation of dust shall be kept at a minimum in the interior of dance with Article 76. buildings.Accumulated dust on floors and other surfaces shall be collected by vacuum cleaning.Forced-air or similar devices shall 7601.2 Definitions. For the definition of DUST,see Article 2. not be used to remove dust from surfaces. 7601.3 Permits. For a permit to conduct an operation which pro- duces dust, see Section 105,Permit d.2. SECTION 7606—ELECTRICAL GROUNDING Artificial lighting in areas containing dust-producing or dust-agi- tating operations shall be by electricity with wiring and electrical SECTION 7602—ENCLOSURES equipment installed in accordance with the Electrical Code.Ma- chinery and metal parts of crushing,drying,pulverizing and con- Dust-producing and dust-agitating machinery, such as grinding veying systems shall be electrically grounded in accordance with mills and separators,and elevators,elevator legs,spouts,hoppers the Electrical Code. and other conveyors shall be provided with casing or enclosures maintained as nearly dust-tight as possible. Static electricity shall be removed from machinery and other component parts by permanent grounds or bonds or both.The de- sign and installation of such grounds shall be in accordance with SECTION 7603—SEPARATORS approved standards. Approved magnetic or pneumatic separators shall be installed SECTION 7607—SMOKING AND OPEN FLAMES ahead of shellers,crackers,crushers,grinding machines,pulveriz- ers and similar machines in which the entrance of foreign materi- Smoking, carrying matches,use of heating or other devices em- als could cause sparks to be generated. ploying an open flame, and use of spark-producing equipment shall be prohibited in areas containing dust-producing or dust-agi- tating operations. SECTION 7604—DUST COLLECTION Suitable dust-collecting equipment shall be installed on all dust- SECTION 7608—EXPLOSION CONTROL producing machinery and interlocked with the machinery power Buildings in which flammable or explosive dusts are manufac- supply so that the machinery cannot be operated without the dust- tured, processed or generated shall be provided with explosion collection equipment also operating. control in accordance with the Building Code. 1-153 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 77- EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS SECTION 7701 -GENERAL 7701.3 Permits. 7701.1 Scope. Manufacture, possession, storage, sale, trans- 7701.3.1 Required. Where permits are required to be issued by portation, handling,use of explosive materials and the manufac- the chief,the chief may grant that authority to the agency having ture of fireworks, 1 AG shall be in accordance with Article 77.The enforcement jurisdiction.Permits shall be obtained: manufacture,possession,handling and use of fireworks, 1.3G for 1. To manufacture, possess, store, sell, display or otherwise display purposes shall also comply with Article 78.See Appendix dispose of explosive materials at any location. VI-F for excerpts from nationally recognized standards for sepa- 2. To transport explosive materials. ration distances for explosives and for information on explosives class designations. 3. To use explosive materials. EXCEPTIONS: 1.The armed forces of the United States,Coast 4. To operate a terminal for handling explosive materials. Guard or National Guard. See Section 105,Permit e.1. 2.Explosives in forms prescribed by the official United States Phar- macopoeia. 7701.3.2 Unsafe material or practice. Permits for the follow- 3.The possession,transportation,storage and use of small arms am- ing materials shall be invalidated and the materials disposed of in munition when packaged in accordance with DOT packaging require- an approved,safe manner. ments. 1. Dynamite having an unsatisfactory absorbent or one that 4.The possession,storage,transportation and use of not more than permits leakage of a liquid explosive ingredient under any condi- 5 pounds(2.27 kg)of commercially manufactured sporting black pow- der,20 pounds(9.07 kg)of smokeless powder and 10,000 small arms bons liable to exist during storage. primers for hand loading of small arms ammunition for personal con- 2. Nitrocellulose in a dry and uncompressed condition in quan- sumption, tity greater than 10 pounds(4.5 kg)net weight in one package. 5.The transportation and use of explosive materials by federal,state 3. Fulminate of mercury in a dry condition and fulminate of and local regulatory law enforcement and fire agencies acting in their official capacities. other metals in any condition except as a component of manufac- 6.Special industrial explosive devices which in the aggregate con- tured articles not hereinafter forbidden. tain less than 50 pounds(22.7 kg)of explosive materials. 4. Explosive compositions that ignite spontaneously or under- 7.The possession,transportation,storage and use of blank industrial go marked decomposition, rendering the products or their use power load cartridges when packaged in accordance with DOT pack- more hazardous,when subjected for 48 consecutive hours or less aging regulations. to a temperature of 167°F(75°C). 8.when preempted by federal regulations. 5. New explosive materials until approved by DOT,except that 7701.2 Definitions. permits may be issued to educational,governmental or industrial 7701.2.1 General. For definitions of BATF; BLASTING laboratories for instruction or research purposes. AGENT; BLASTING CAP, BULLET RESISTANT; C.F.R.; 6. Explosive materials condemned by DOT. DEA; DEFLAGRATION; DETONATION; DETONATOR; 7. Explosives containing an ammonium salt and a chlorate. DOT; ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP; EXPLOSIVE; EXPLO- STVE MATERIALS;FIREWORKS, 1.3G;FIREWORKS, 1.4G; 7701.4 Bond. Before a permit is issued to use explosive materi- GUNPOWDER; HANDLING; HIGH EXPLOSIVE; IN- als>the applicant shall file with the jurisdiction a corporate surety HABITED BUILDING;iNTRAPLANT DISTANCE;LOW EX- bond in the principal sum of$100,000 or a public liability insur- PLOSIVE;MAGAZINE;MASS-DETONATING EXPLOSIVE; ance policy for the same amount for the purpose of the payment of PERCUSSION CAP; PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION; SPE- damages to persons or property which arise from,or are caused by, CIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE; SPECIAL IN- the conduct of an act authorized by the permit upon which a judi- DUSTRIAL HIGH-EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL; SQUIB, cial judgment results.The chief is authorized to specify a greater ELECTRIC;TEST BLASTING CAP NO.8;and USE,see Article or lesser amount when, in the chief's opinion, conditions at the 2 location of use indicate a greater or lesser amount is required. EXCEPTION: Government entities shall be exempt from this 7701.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 77, bond requirement. certain terms are defined as follows: 7701.5 Notice of New Storage and Manufacturing Sites. FIRE RESISTANT is construction designed to provide rea- When a new explosive material storage or manufacturing loca- sonable protection against fire. For exterior walls of magazines tion, including a temporary jobsite, is established,the local law constructed of wood,this shall mean fire-resistance equivalency enforcement agency, fire department and emergency planning provided by sheet metal of not less than 0.0179 inch(0.45 min)(26 committee shall be notified immediately of the type,quantity and manufacturer's standard gage). location of explosive materials at the site. HARDWOOD is red oak,white oak,hard maple,ash or hicko- 7701.6 Access Road Signs. At the entrance to explosive materi- ry,each of which is free from knots,wind shakes or similar de- al manufacturing and storage sites,all access roads shall be posted fects. with the following warning sign or other approved sign: PLYWOOD is A-C exterior grade plywood. DANGER SOFTWOOD is Douglas fir, pine or other softwood of equal NEVER FIGHT EXPLOSIVE FIRES bullet-resistance free from loose knots,wind shakes or similar de- EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE fects. CALL STEEL is general purpose, hot- or cold-rolled, low carbon The sign shall be weather resistant with a reflective surface and steel. lettering at least 2 inches(50.8 mm)high. 1-155 7701.7 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7702.2.1.1 7701.7 Prohibited and Limited Acts. 7702.1.11 Deteriorated material handling. When an explo- sive material has deteriorated to an extent that it is in an unstable or 7701.7.1 Manufacturing. Explosive materials shall not be dangerous condition,or when a liquid has leaked from an explo- manufactured without authorization by the chief. sive material,the person in possession of such explosive material 7701.7.2 Limits established by law. Storage of explosive mate- shall immediately contact the material's manufacturer and the rials is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits chief. The work of destroying explosive materials shall be di- of districts in which such storage is prohibited(see sample adop- rected by persons experienced in the destruction of explosive ma- tion ordinance,Section 6). terials.Explosive materials recovered from blasting misfires shall be placed in a magazine until an experienced person has deter- 7701.7.3 Limits based on location. The chief is authorized to mined the method of disposal. limit the quantity of explosive materials allowed at any location. 7702.1.12 Stained floors. Magazine floors stained with liquid 7701.8 Seizure of Explosive Materials. The chief is authorized shall be dealt with according to instructions obtained from the to seize,take,remove or cause to be removed at the expense of the manufacturer of the explosive materials stored in the magazine. owner explosive materials offered or exposed for sale,stored,pos- sessed,used or transported in violation of Article 77. 7702.1.13 Magazine maintenance. When magazines need in- terior repairs, all explosive materials shall be removed and the floors cleaned before and after making repairs.When making ex- SECTION 7702—STORAGE terior magazine repairs involving the possibility of causing a fire, all explosive materials shall first be removed from the magazine. 7702.1 General. Explosive materials removed from a magazine under repair shall 7702.1.1 Magazines required. Explosive materials shall be be placed either in another magazine or placed a safe distance stored in magazines in accordance with Section 7702. from the magazine,where they shall be properly guarded and pro- tected until repairs have been completed.Upon completion of re- A competent person shall be in charge of magazines.The person pairs, the explosive materials shall be promptly returned to the shall be at least 21 years of age and responsible for compliance magazine. with all safety precautions. 7702.1.14 Sources of ignition. Smoking, matches, flame-pro- 7702.1.2 Inspection. Magazines containing explosive materials ducing devices,open flames and firearms or cartridges shall not be shall be inspected at intervals of not greater than seven days to de- permitted inside of or within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of magazines. termine whether there has been an unauthorized entry or at- Where low explosives are stored in magazines, spark-produc- tempted entry into a magazine, or unauthorized removal of a ing tools shall not be used. Such magazines shall be bonded and magazine or its contents. grounded. 7702.1.3 Security. Magazine doors shall be kept locked when 7702.1.15 Yard maintenance. The land within 25 feet (7620 the magazine is unattended. mm) of magazines shall be kept clear of rubbish, brush, dried 7702.1.4 Posting safety rules. Current safety rules covering the grass,leaves,dead trees,and live trees less than 10 feet(3048 mm) operations of magazines shall be posted on the interior of each high.Where conditions warrant,the chief is authorized to require magazine in a visible location. greater distances. 7702.1.5 Rotating stock. When explosive material is removed Combustible materials shall not be stored within 50 feet(15 240 from a magazine for use,the oldest usable stocks shall be removed mm)of magazines. first. 7702.1.16 Premises identification. The premises upon which 7702.1.6 Manner of storage. Corresponding grades and brands Types 1,2,4 and 5 outdoor magazines are located shall be posted shall be stored together and in such a manner that grades and brand with signs reading EXPLOSIVES—KEEP OFF.These signs shall marks are visible.Stocks shall be stored so as to be easily counted be in contrasting colors with a minimum letter size of 3-inch(76 and checked. mm)height with1/2-inch(12.7 mm)brush stroke. Signs shall be located so that a bullet passing through the sign will not strike a Packages of explosive materials shall be stacked in a stable magazine. Signs shall not be attached to outdoor magazines. manner not exceeding 6 feet(1829 mm)in height. 7702.1.17 Location. Types 1, 2, 4, and 5 outdoor magazines 7702.1.7 Opened stock. Packages of explosive materials which shall be located in accordance with nationally recognized stan- have been opened shall be closed before being placed in a maga- dards. See Appendix VI-H. zine. Packages constructed of materials other than fiberboard or paper shall not be opened in a magazine. 7702.2 Retail Sales. 7702.1.8 Damaged material. Packages of damaged explosive 7702.2.1 General. Indoor storage and display of gunpowder and materials shall not be unpacked or repacked in or within 50 feet ammunition for retail sales shall be in accordance with Sec- (15 240 mm)of a magazine or inhabited building or in close prox- tion 7702.2. imity to other explosive materials. 7702.2.1.1 Storage. The maximum quantities, storage condi- 7702.1.9 Storage with other materials. Magazines shall be tions, and fire-protection requirements for gunpowder and am- used exclusively for the storage of approved explosive materials munition stored in a building shall be as follows: and other blasting materials.Tools,other than approved convey- 1. Smokeless powder— ors,shall not be stored in magazines. 200 pounds(90.7 kg)in a Type 4 magazine,or 7702.1.10 Cleaning. Magazine floors shall be swept regularly 400 pounds (181.4 kg)in separate portable Type 4 maga- and shall be kept clean, dry and free of grit,paper and rubbish. zines in a completely sprinklered building.The quantity of Sweepings from floors of magazines shall be disposed of in accor- product in a magazine shall not exceed 200 pounds (90.7 dance with the instructions of the manufacturer. kg). 1-156 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7702.2.1.1—7702.3.2 7702.3.4.2 2. Commercially manufactured sporting black powder— 7702.2.1.2 Display. The maximum quantities, storage condi- 25 pounds (11.3 kg) in a separate,portable Type 4 maga- tions, and fire-protection requirements for gunpowder and am- munition displayed in a building shall be as follows: zine. 1. Smokeless powder-20 pounds(9.07 kg)in original con- 3. Small arms primers or percussion caps— tainers. 750,000,with not more than 100,000 stored in one pile and 2. Black powder—NONE. piles separated from each other by at least 15 feet (4572 3. Small arms primers or percussion caps— mm),or 10,000 in a nonsprinklered building. Greater than 750,000,when in accordance with the follow- 25,000 in a sprinklered building. ing: 7702.2.2 Magazine size. Indoor magazines shall not be of a size 3.1 The storage room shall not be accessible to unauthorized greater than the exit door or contain more than 200 pounds(90.7 persons, kg)of explosive materials. 3.2 Primers or percussions caps shall be stored in a 1-inch 7702.2.3 Powder. The amount of powder stored in an indoor (25.4 mm)nominal thickness wood cabinet or equivalent magazine shall not exceed 200 pounds(90.7 kg). with self-closing doors with not more than 200,000 prim- 7702.2.4 Combined storage. Black powder shall not be stored ers or caps per cabinet, with small arms primers or percussion caps. 3.3 Shelves in cabinets shall be vertically separated by at least 7702.2.5 Bulk repackaging. The bulk repackaging of powder, 2 feet(6096 mm), primers or percussion caps shall not be performed in retail stores. 3.4 Cabinets shall be located against walls of the storage room 7702.2.6 Repackaging of damaged containers. Damaged con- with at least 40 feet(12 192 mm)between cabinets,or with tainers shall not be repackaged. at least 20 feet(6096 mm)between cabinets when barn- EXCEPTION: Repackaging of damaged containers of smokeless cades are installed midway between cabinets.Such barn- powder into an original size and type container when approved. cades shall be securely attached to the wall,shall project from the wall at least 10 feet(3048 mm) and shall be at 7702.2.7 Separation. Buildings containing gunpowder or am- least twice the height of cabinets.Barricade construction munition in accordance with Section 7702.2 need not be located as shall be of 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)boiler plate or 2 inches(50.8 required by Section 7702.3.3. mm)of wood,brick or concrete block, 7702.3 Storage Magazines. 3.5 Primers or percussion caps shall be separated from flam- 7702.3.1 General. Explosive materials, including special in- mable liquids,flammable solids and oxidizing materials dustrial high-explosive materials, shall be stored in magazines by a distance of 25 feet(7620 mm)or by a fire partition which meet the requirements of Section 7702.3. having a fire-resistive rating of at least one hour,and 7702.3.2 Classification and use of magazines. Magazines 3.6 The building shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler shall be classed as Type 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Magazines shall be system. constructed and used in accordance with Table 7702.3-A. TABLE 7702.3-A—TYPES OF MAGAZINES REQUIRED FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS MAGAZINE TYPES' Detonators2, 1.411; 1AS X X X X EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS(See Appendix VI-F) 1 2 3 4 5 Safety fuse,electric squibs,igniters and igniter X X X X High Explosives,1.1D,including dynamites;cap X X X cord ,1AG;1.4S. sensitive emulsions;slurries and watergels;cast Blasting Agents,1.5D X X X X X boosters. Propellants,1.3C.Defined as low explosives. X X X X Black Powder,1.113.Defined as low explosive. X X X X Detonators,LIB X X X Fireworks,1.3G.Defined as low explosives. X X X X Detonating Cords,LID;1.213;IAD;1.443 X X X Any of the types indicated by"X"are allowed. 21ncludes electric detonators with leg wires 4 feet(1219 mm)long or longer or detonators with empty plastic tubing 12 feet(3657.6 mm)long or longer that contain not more than 1 gram of explosives(excluding ignition and delay charges). DDetonators shall not be stored in the same magazine with other explosive materials,except that detonators,1.4 and those described in Footnote 2 are allowed to be stored with safety fuse,electric squibs,igniters or igniter cord in Type 1,2,3 or 4 magazines. 7702.3.3 Location. Magazines for the storage of explosive ma- 7702.3.4.1 General. Magazines which are required to be bullet terials shall be located in accordance with nationally recognized resistant shall be constructed using a method specified in Section standards. See Appendix VI-F.The ground around outdoor maga- 7702.3.4. Steel and wood dimensions indicated are actual thick- zines shall be graded such that water drains away from the maga- nesses. Concrete block and brick dimensions indicated are the zines. manufacturer's represented thicknesses. 7702.3.4.2 Specified construction. The following methods are 7702.3.4 Bullet-resistant construction. acceptable as bullet-resistant construction: 1-157 7702.3.4.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7702.3.5.8 1. Exterior of 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) steel, lined with an interior 7702.3.4.3 Tested construction. Methods of construction other of any type of nonsparking material. than those specified in Section 7702.3.4.2 are acceptable as bullet- 2. Exterior of 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) steel, lined with an interior resistant construction when tested as prescribed herein. Tests to of not less than 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)plywood. determine bullet resistance shall be conducted on test panels or empty magazines which shall resist five out of five shots placed 3. Exterior of 3/g-inch(9.5 mm)steel,lined with an interior of independently of each other in an area 3 feet by 3 feet(914.4 mm 2 inches(50.8 mm)of hardwood. by 914.4 mm).For ceilings and roofs,the bullet shall be fired at an 4. Exterior of 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)steel,lined with an interior of angle of 45 degrees from the perpendicular.For walls and doors, 3 inches(76.2 mm)of softwood or 21/4 inches(57.2 mm)of ply- the bullet shall be fired perpendicular to the wall or door. See wood. BULLET RESISTANT in Section 203. 5. Exterior of 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)steel,lined with an interior of 7702.3.5 Type 1 magazines. 3 inches(76.2 mm)of hardwood. 7702.3.5.1 General. Type 1 magazines shall be constructed in 6. Exterior of 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)steel,lined with an interior of accordance with the Building Code and Section 7702.3.5. 5 inches(127 mm)of softwood or 5114 inches(133.4 mm)of ply- A Type 1 magazine shall be a permanent structure such as a wood. building,igloo,tunnel or dugout.It shall be bullet resistant,fire 7. Exterior of 1/4-inch(6.4 ruin) steel,lined with an intermedi- resistant,weather resistant,theft resistant and ventilated. ate layer of 2 inches(50.8 stun)of hardwood and an interior lining 7702.3.5.2 Walls. Walls shall be bullet resistant as specified in Of 11/2 inches (38.1 mm)of plywood. Section 7702.3.4. 8. Exterior of 3/16-inch (4.8 mm) steel, lined with an interior 7702.3.5.3 Floors. Floors shall be constructed of wood or other of 4 inches(101.6 mm)of hardwood. suitable nonsparking materials. 9. Exterior of 3/16-inch (4.8 mm) steel, lined with an interior 7702.3.5.4 Foundations. Foundations shall be constructed of of 7 inches(177.8 mm)of softwood or63/4 inches(171.4 mm)of brick, concrete, cement block, stone or wood posts. If piers or plywood. posts are used in lieu of a continuous foundation,the space under 10. Exterior of 3/16-inch (4.8 mm) steel, lined with an inter- the buildings shall be enclosed with fire-resistant materials. mediate layer of 3 inches(76.2 mm)of hardwood and an interior 7702.3.SS Bullet-resistant roofs or ceilings. Where it is pos- sible for a bullet to be fired directly through the roof and into the 11. Exterior of 1/8-inch(3.2 mm)steel,lined with an interior of magazine at such an angle that the bullet could strike the explo- 5 inches(127 mm) of hardwood. sives within,the magazine roof shall be bullet resistant as speci- 12. Exterior of 1/8-inch(3.2 mm)steel,lined with an interior of fled in Section 7702.3.4 or shall be protected by one of the 9 inches(228.6 mm)of softwood. following methods: 13. Exterior of 1/8-inch(3.2 mm)steel,lined with an intermedi- 1. A sand tray having a depth of 4 inches (101.6 mm) of sand ate layer of 4 inches(101.6 mm)of hardwood and an interior lin- and located at the top of the inner walls covering the entire ceiling ing of 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)plywood. area,except that portion necessary for ventilation. 2. Either not less than 0.033-inch (0.84 mm) (20 gage) steel 14. Exterior of any type of fire-resistant material which is with 4 inches(101.6 mm)of hardwood or not less then 0.043-inch structurally sound, lined with an intermediate layer of 4 inches (1.1 mm)(18 gage)aluminum with 7 inches(177.8 mm)of hard- (101.6 mm)of solid concrete block or 4 inches(101.6 mm)of solid wood. brick or 4 inches(101.6 mm)of solid concrete,and an interior lin- ing of 1/2-inch(12.7 mm)plywood placed securely against the ma- 7702.3.5.6 Doors. Doors shall be bullet resistant as specified in sonry lining. Section 7702.3.4.Hinges and hasps shall be attached to the doors 15. Standard 8-inch (203.2 mm) concrete block with voids by welding,riveting,or bolting with nuts on the inside of the door. filled with a well-tamped sand/cement mixture. Hinges and hasps shall be installed in such a manner that they can- not be removed when the doors are closed and locked. 16. Standard 8-inch(203.2 mm)solid brick. 7702.3.5.7 Locks. Each door shall be equipped with two mortise 17. Exterior of any type of fire-resistant material which is locks,two padlocks fastened in separate hasps and staples,a com- structurally sound,lined with an intermediate 6-inch(152.4 mm) bination of a mortise lock and a padlock, a mortise lock that re- space filled with well-tamped dry sand or a well-tamped sand/ce- quires two keys to open,or a three-point or equivalent-type lock ment mixture. that secures the door to the frame at more than one point.Padlocks 18. Exterior of 1/8-inch(3.2 mm) steel,lined with a first inter- shall be steel having at least five tumblers and at least a 3/8-inch mediate layer of 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)plywood,a second intermedi- (9.5 mm)diameter case-hardened shackle.Padlocks shall be pro- ate layer of 35/8 inches (92.1 mm) of a well-tamped dry sand or tected by not less than1/4-inch(6.4 mm)steel hoods constructed in sand/cement mixture and an interior lining of 3/4-inch(19.1 tnm) a manner which prevents sawing or lever action on the locks, plywood, hasps and staples. EXCEPTION: Magazine doors that are adequately secured on the 19. Exterior of any type of fire-resistant material,lined with a inside by means of a bolt,lock or bar that cannot be actuated from the first intermediate layer of 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)plywood,a second outside. intermediate layer of 35/8 inches(92.1 mm)of a well-tamped dry 7702.3.5.8 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided to prevent sand or sand/cement mixture,a third intermediate layer of /4-inch dampness and heating of stored explosive materials. Ventilation (19.1 mm)plywood,and a fourth intermediate layer of 2 inches openings shall be screened to prevent the entrance of sparks.Ven- (50.8 mm)of hardwood or not less than 0.068 inch(1.7 mm)of tilation openings in side walls and foundations shall be offset or steel and an interior lining of 3/4-inch (19.1 mm)plywood. shielded for bullet-resistant purposes.Magazines having founda- 20. Eight-inch-thick(203.2 mm)solid concrete. tion and roof ventilators with the air circulating between the side 1-158 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7702.3.5.8 7703.1.5 walls and the floors and between the side walls and the ceiling 7702.3.9.Temporary Type 5 magazines shall be constructed in ac- shall have a wooden lattice or equivalent to prevent the packages cordance with Section 7702.3.9. of explosive materials from being stacked against the side walls A Type 5 magazine shall be a building, igloo, box, bin, tank, and blocking the air circulation. semitrailer,bulk-trailer,tank trailer,bulk truck,tank truck or other 7702.3.5.9 Exposed metal. Sparking material shall not be ex- mobile container. posed to contact with the stored explosive materials.Ferrous met- Outdoor Type 5 magazines shall be weather resistant and theft al nails in the floor and side walls, which could be exposed to resistant. contact with explosive materials shall be blind nailed, counter- Construction shall be of wood, wood covered with metal, ma- sunk or covered with a nonsparking latticework or other non- sonry,fabricated metal or a combination of these materials.Doors sparking material. shall be metal or solid wood. 7702.3.6 Type 2 magazines. Type 2 magazines shall be Permanent Type 5 magazines shall be constructed as required constructed in accordance with Section 7702.3.6. for Type 1 magazines with respect to foundations,floors,ventila- A Type 2 magazine shall be a box, trailer, semitrailer or other tion and locking devices. mobile facility. Vehicular magazines shall be immobilized when unattended,as A Type 2 magazine shall be bullet resistant, fire resistant, required for Type 2 vehicular magazines. weather resistant,theft resistant and ventilated. Type 5 storage magazines shall display BLASTING AGENT ' Walls, ceiling and roof construction, hinges, hasps,locks, ven- placards as required by Section 7703.2.10 when any quantity of tilation,and interior construction shall be constructed as required blasting agents, 1.513 is contained therein. for Type 1 magazines. EXCEPTION: Magazine doors that are adequately secured on the inside by means of a bolt,lock or bar that cannot be actuated from the Type 2 magazines shall be supported to prevent the floor from outside. having direct3contact with the ground.Magazines less than 1 cubic Type 5 storage magazines in trailers shall display BLASTING yard(0.76 m )in size shall be fastened to a fixed object to prevent AGENT placards,as required by Section 7703.2.10 on the trailer theft of the entire magazine. when any quantity of blasting agents(Explosives, 1.5D—see Ap- Vehicular magazines shall be immobilized by removing the pendix VI-H)is contained therein. wheels,locking with a kingpin locking device or other approved 7702.3.10 Indoor magazines. Indoor magazines shall be methods. constructed in accordance with Section 7702.3.10. 7702.3.7 Type 3 magazines. Type 3 magazines shall be Indoor magazines shall be fire resistant and theft resistant. In- constructed in accordance with Section 7702.3.7. door magazines constructed of wood shall have sides,bottoms and A Type 3 magazine shall be a"day box"or other portable maga- lids or doors constructed of 2-inch(50.8 mm)wood and shall be zine. Type 3 magazines shall be theft resistant,fire resistant and well braced at corners.The magazines shall be covered on the ex- weather resistant. terior with steel not less than 0.016 inch (0.41 mm) (26 gage) thick. Indoor magazines constructed of metal shall have sides, Type 3 magazines shall constructed of not less than bottoms and lids or doors constructed of not less than 0.097-inch 0.097-inch (2.5 mm) (12 gagee)) steel lined with at least 1/2-inch (2.5 mm) (12 gage) steel and shall be lined with a minimum of least 1 inch h(25.4 mm).plywood or masonite.Doors shall overlap sides by at 1/2 inch(12.7 mm)of nonsparking material. least EXCEPTION: Type 5 indoor magazines used for the storage of Hinges and hasps shall be attached by welding,riveting or bolt- blasting agents,1.513 need not be fire resistant. ing with nuts on the inside.Type 3 magazines shall have one steel padlock having at least five tumblers and a case-hardened shackle SECTION 7703—USE HANDLING AND of at least 3/8-inch(9.5 mm)diameter. ' TRANSPORTATION Explosive materials shall not be left unattended in a Type 3 magazine.When Type 3 magazines will be left unattended,explo- 7703.1 Use and Handling. sive materials shall first be moved to a Type 1 or 2 magazine. 7703.1.1 Hours of operation. Blasting operations shall be con- 7702.3.8 Type 4 magazines. Type 4 magazines shall be ducted during daylight hours. constructed in accordance with the Building Code and Section EXCEPTION: When other times are approved. 7702.3.8. 7703.1.2 Personnel qualifications. The person in charge of the A Type 4 magazine shall be a permanent, portable or mobile handling and use of explosive materials shall be at least 21 years of structure,such as a building,igloo,box,semitrailer or other mo- age and possess a valid explosive-use permit issued by the chief. bile container, which shall be fire resistant, theft resistant and EXCEPTION: Persons 18 years of age or older are allowed to use weather resistant. and handle explosive materials under the direct personal supervision Outdoor magazines shall be constructed of masonry, metal- of a person who possesses a valid explosive-use permit. covered wood,fabricated metal or a combination of these materi- 7703.1.3 Intoxicants. Explosive materials shall not be handled als.Doors shall be metal or solid wood covered with metal. by persons under the influence of intoxicants,narcotics or DEA- Permanent magazines shall be constructed as required for Type controlled substances. 1 magazines with respect to foundations,floors,ventilation and 7703.1.4 Smoking. Smoking and carrying matches while han- locking devices.Vehicular magazines shall be immobilized when dling explosive materials or while within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of unattended as required for Type 2 magazines. where explosive materials are being used are prohibited. 7702.3.9 Type 5 magazines. Permanent Type 5 magazines shall 7703.1.5 Sources of ignition. The use of matches, lighters, be constructed in accordance with the Building Code and Section spark-producing devices or the presence of any open flames is 1-159 7703.1.5 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7703.2.10 prohibited within 50 feet(15 240 nun)of areas where explosives explosive materials shall have tight floors and any exposed,spark- are being used. producing metal on the inside of the body shall be covered with EXCEPTION: The lighting of safety fuse in conjunction with ap- wood or other nonsparking material to prevent contact with explo- proved blasting operations. sive materials. 7703.1.6 Utilities notification. When blasting is being con- EXCEPTION:Exposed spark-producing metal need not be cov- ' ducted in the vicinity of gas,electric,water,fire alarm,telephone, ered in vehicles in which only blasting agents,1.5D or oxidizing mate- telegraph or stream utilities,the blaster shall notify the appropri- pals are being transported. ate representative of such utilities at least 24 hours in advance of 7703.2.3 Authorization. Explosive materials shall be trans- blasting specifying the location and intended time of such blast- ported on vehicles authorized by the chief or DOT. ing. 7703.2.4 Fire protection. Vehicles used for transporting explo- EXCEPTION: In an emergency, advance notification may be sive materials shall be equipped with fire extinguishers according waived by the chief. to the following schedule: 7703.1.7 Other regulations. Blasting operations shall be con- 1. Vehicle—Gross vehicle At least two multipurpose ducted in accordance with federal,state and local regulations. weight less than 14,000 dry-chemical extinguishers 7703.1.8 Blasting safeguards. Before a blast is fired,the person pounds(6350.2 kg). having a combined capacity in charge shall make certain that surplus explosive materials are in of not less than 4-A:20-B:C. a safe place,that persons and vehicles are at a safe distance or un- 2. Vehicle—Gross vehicle At least two multipurpose der sufficient cover, and that a loud warning signal has been weight 14,000 pounds dry-chemical extinguishers sounded. (6350.2 kg)or greater; having a combined capacity 7703.1.9 Premature detonation safeguards. Precautions shall tractor/semitrailer of not less than 4-A:70-B:C. be taken to prevent the premature detonation of explosive materi- units. als from lightning,radio frequency energy,extraneous electricity 7703.2.5 Fire extinguisher maintenance and placement. Fire or static electricity caused by dust or snow storms,low humidity or extinguishers shall be securely mounted on vehicles at well-sepa- mechanical conditions. Such precautions shall include: rated, accessible locations.Extinguishers shall be checked period- 1. The suspension of blasting operations and removal of per- ically to verify that they are filled and in operating condition. sons from the blasting area during the approach and progress of a 7703.2.6 Vehicle inspection. Vehicles used to transport explo- thunderstorm, sive materials shall be inspected by the person to whom a permit 2. The posting of signs prohibiting the use of mobile radio has been issued for such vehicles in order to determine that: transmitters on roads within 1,000 feet(304.8 m)of blasting op- 1. Electric wires are insulated and securely fastened, erations where electric detonators are being used,and 3. Periodic checks for static electricity or stray currents in areas 2. The engine chassis and body are reasonably clean and free of where these factors could exceed safe operating limits. excessive grease and oil, 3. The fuel tanks and fuel lines are securely fastened and not 7703.1.10 Nonsparking tools. Tools used for the opening of leaking, containers of explosive materials shall be made of nonsparking materials. 4. Brakes,lights,horn,windshield wipers and steering mecha- EXCEPTION: Slitters of metal are allowed for opening paper, nism are functioning properly, plastic or fiberboard containers. 5. Tires are properly inflated and free from defects,and 7703.1.11 Exposure protection. When blasting is performed in 6. The vehicle is in proper condition for transporting explosive a congested area or in close proximity to a building,structure,rail- materials. way,highway or other installation that could be damaged by mate- 7703.2.7 Nonsparking tools. Spark-producing metal tools shall rial being thrown into the air,the blast shall be covered with an not be carried in the cargo compartment of a vehicle transporting adequate blasting mat. explosive materials. 7703.1.12 Disposal of packaging. Empty boxes and paper, 7703.2.8 Sources of ignition. Smoking, carrying matches or plastic or fiber packing material which have previously contained other flame-producing devices, carrying firearms or loaded car- explosive materials shall not be reused,and shall be disposed of in tridges while in or near a vehicle transporting explosive materials, an approved manner. and driving,loading or unloading any such vehicle in a careless or 7703.1.13 Abandonment. Explosive materials shall not be reckless manner are prohibited. abandoned. EXCEPTION: As allowed by Department of Defense or DOT reg- ulations. 7703.2 Transportation. 7703.2.9 Personnel qualifications. Vehicles transporting ex- 7703.2.1 Public conveyance. Explosive materials shall not be plosive materials shall be in the custody of drivers who are physi- carried or transported in or upon a public conveyance or vehicle cally fit; careful; capable; reliable; able to read and write the carrying passengers for hire. English language;not addicted to the use or under the influence of intoxicants,narcotics or DEA-controlled substances;and are not 7703.2.2 Vehicle construction. Vehicles used for transporting less than 21 years of age.They shall be familiar with federal,state explosive materials shall be strong enough to carry the load with- and local traffic regulations,and the provisions of Article 77 gov- out difficulty and shall be in good mechanical condition. If ve- erning the transportation of explosive materials. hicles do not have a closed body, a portable, magazine-type container that is reasonably weather and theft resistant, and se- 7703.2.10 Plaearding. Vehicles transporting explosive materi- curely fastened to the vehicle body,shall be used to contain the ex- als shall display placards, lettering or numbering required by plosive materials. Vehicles used for the transportation of DOT. 1-160 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7703.2.11 7703.5.6 7703.2.11 Detonator identification. When detonators are liquids shall be kept the greatest possible distance from this desig- transported on the same motor vehicle with other explosive mate- nated area, rials,they shall be packaged,labeled,placarded and loaded in ac- 6. At all times,a guard shall be on duty on the terminal proper- cordance with DOT regulations. ty.The guard shall be capable of driving all equipment in the area. 7703.2.12 Transportation routes. Vehicles transporting explo- At times when there are a substantial number of vehicles carrying sive materials shall be routed to avoid congested traffic and heavi- explosive materials in the terminal,additional persons capable of ly populated areas. The chief is authorized to designate such driving shall be provided, routes of travel and the times of use. 7. Adequate security against unauthorized persons entering the terminal area shall be provided. In metropolitan areas,this shall 7703.2.13 Vehicular tunnels. Explosive materials shall not be include a fence and gates, transported through completed vehicular tunnels which prohibit the transport of explosive materials. 8. The terminal shall be adequately lighted for normal observa- tion of all vehicles containing explosive materials, 7703.2.14 Unattended vehicles. Vehicles transporting explo- 9. Approved fire-protection appliances shall be provided for sive materials shall not be left unattended. the loading dock near the designated explosive materials area and 7703.2.15 Passengers. Unless authorized by the chief,persons near the parked vehicles, other than the driver and one assistant,who is at least 18 years of 10. An approved,isolated area of the terminal property shall be age,shall not ride on vehicles transporting explosive materials. designated for vehicles containing explosive materials, 7703.2.16 Delivery conditions. Delivery of explosive materials 11. Vehicles containing special inherent hazards shall be kept shall be made only to authorized persons and into approved stor- separated from the area designated for the parking of explosive age,handling or use areas. materials vehicles,and 12. Shipments of explosive materials shall be transported with- 7703.2.17 Vehicle storage and repair. Vehicles containing ex- out unnecessary delay. Delays shall not exceed 72 hours. plosive materials shall not be taken into a garage or repair shop for repairs or storage. 7703.4 Blasting Agents. 7703.3 Explosive Materials Terminals. 7703.4.1 Transportation and storage. Blasting agents, 1.51) shall be transported in accordance with DOT regulations and 7703.3.1 Quantities at terminals. The chief is authorized to stored in accordance with federal, state and local regulatiins. designate the location and specify the maximum quantity of ex- 7703.4.2 Ammonium nitrate storage. Ammonium nitrate plosive materials allowed to be loaded,unloaded,reloaded or tem- porarily retained at each terminal where such operations are stored at a closer distance to the blasting agent storage area than permitted. provided in Section 7703.4.3 shall be calculated in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Appendix VI-H. 7703.3.2 Other regulations. Shipments of explosive materials 7703.4.3 Intraplant separation. Minimum intraplant separa- delivered to carriers shall be in accordance with DOT regulations. tion distances between mixing units and the ammonium nitrate 7703.3.3 Placarding. Vehicles,while in the terminal,shall con- storage areas and blasting agent storage areas shall be in accor- tinue to exhibit the placarding required by DOT regulations. dance with nationally recognized standards. See Appendix VI-H. 7703.3.4 Notification. Carriers shall immediately notify con- 7703.5 Safety Precautions for Blasting Agents. signees of arrival of explosive materials at terminals. 7703.5.1 Mixing facilities. Buildings or other facilities used for 7703.3.5 Terminal requirements. Truck terminals where ex- mixing blasting agents shall be located away from inhabited plosive materials are loaded,unloaded or transferred shall be in buildings,passenger railways and public highways in accordance accordance with the following conditions: with nationally recognized standards. See Appendix VI-H. EXCEPTION: Bulk mixing and delivery equipment for shot ser- f. There shall not be aboveground storage tanks of flammable vice delivery. or combustible liquids or other hazardous materials on the termi- 7703.5.2 Production quantities. Not more than eight hours' nal property which would present a significant exposure hazard to production of blasting agents or the limit determined by nationally the operation of the terminal or to adjacent properties, recognized standards (see Appendix VI-H), whichever is less, 2. The terminal property shall be sufficiently large that docking shall be located in or near the building used for mixing blasting or vehicle storage areas containing explosives shall be a minimum agents.Larger quantities shall be stored in magazines. of 75 feet(22 860 mm)from adjoining property lines, 7703.5.3 Construction. Buildings or other facilities used for the 3. Adequate access to adjoining streets shall be provided to and mixing of blasting agents shall be designed and constructed in ac- from the terminal property. Local routes between terminals and cordance with the Building Code. those to and from state-approved routes shall be as prescribed by the chief, 7703.5.4 Compounding and mixing. Compounding and mix- ing of approved formulations of blasting agents shall be con- 4. Explosives shall be kept in vehicles except during transfer- ducted in accordance with federal,state and local regulations. ring or loading operations, 7703.5.5 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flames shall be 5. Specific areas of docks shall be designated for the holding of prohibited in or within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of buildings or facili- explosive materials for not more than 72 hours during loading or ties used for the mixing of blasting agents. transferring operations. A minimum distance shall be specified and maintained between this designated area and other materials 7703.5.6 Disposal of oxidizer bags. Empty oxidizer bags shall on the dock.Combustible storage and flammable and combustible be disposed in an approved manner. 1-161 7704 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7704.1 SECTION 7704—MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING AND TESTING 7704.1 General. Manufacture, assembly,testing and loading of explosives,ammunition,blasting agents, 1.513 and fireworks shall be in accordance with Section 7704. EXCEPTIONS: 1.Section 7704 does not apply to the hand load- ing of small arms ammunition prepared for personal use and not for re- sale.2. Section 7704 does not apply to the mixing and loading of blasting agents,1.513 at blasting sites provided all necessary safety pre- cautions are taken. 7704.2 Required Information. 7704.2.1 General. Prior to manufacturing, assembling, testing or loading explosives,ammunition,blasting agents, 1.5D or fire- works,the chief shall be furnished with the following information: 1. The exact location of the place of manufacture, 2. The kind of explosives, ammunition, blasting agents, 1.513 or fireworks to be manufactured or processed and the property of hazardous materials to be used, 3. The names and addresses of individual owners, partners or officers of the corporation, 4. A plot plan of the operating premises with the operating buildings indicated in which greater than 1 pound(0.45 kg)of ex- plosives is manufactured,handled,used or stored.The maximum amount of explosives greater than 1 pound(0.45 kg)to be used in each building,number of persons in each operating building,bar- ricade locations and dimensions,and the location and capacity of storage magazines,and 5. A copy of the general safety rules which the manufacturer will enforce, including plans for emergency procedures in the event of fire or explosion. 7704.2.2 Retention of plans. A copy of the plans of the plant shall be kept in the office on the premises of each explosive,am- munition,blasting agents, 1.513 or fireworks manufacturing plant and shall be made available to the chief upon request. 7704.3 Training. Workers who handle explosives or explosive charges or dispose of explosives shall be trained in the hazards of the materials and processes in which they are to be engaged and in the safety rules governing such materials and processes. 7704.4 Emergency Procedures. Approved emergency proce- dures shall be developed for each plant. Such procedures shall in- clude personal instruction in any emergency that could be anticipated. Personnel shall be made aware of an emergency warning signal. 7704.5 Intraplant Separation of Operating Buildings. Mass- detonating explosives and fireworks manufacturing buildings,in- cluding those where explosive charges are assembled, manufactured,prepared or loaded,shall be separated from all oth- er buildings, including magazines, within the confines of the manufacturing plant by a distance not less than those shown in Table 7704.5-A and 7704.5-13. 1-162 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7704.5-A- 7704.6-7704.8.1 TABLE 7704.5-A- MINIMUM INTRAPLANT SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN OPERATING BUILDINGS CONTAINING MASS-DETONATING EXPLOSIVESI EXPLOSIVE(pounds) EXPLOSIVE(pounds) x 0.454 for kg MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) x 0.454 for kg MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) Over Not Over x 304.8 for mm Over Not Over x 304.8 for mm 50 60 20,000 25,000 530 50 100 80 25,000 30,000 560 100 200 100 30,000 35,000 590 200 300 120 35,000 40,000 620 300 400 130 40,000 45,000 640 400 500 140 45,000 50,000 660 500 600 150 50,000 55,000 680 600 700 160 55,000 60,000 700 700 800 170 60,000 65,000 720 800 900 180 65,000 70,000 740 900 1,000 190 70,000 75,000 770 1,000 1,500 210 75,000 80,000 780 1,500 2,000 230 80,000 85,000 790 2,000 3,000 260 85,000 90,000 800 3,000 4,000 280 90,000 95,000 820 4,000 5,000 300 95,000 100,000 830 5,000 6,000 320 100,000 125,000 900 6,000 7,000 340 125,000 150,000 950 7,000 8,000 360 150,000 175,000 1,000 8,000 9,000 380 175,000 200,000 1,050 9,000 10,000 400 200,000 225,000 1,100 10,000 15,000 450 225,000 250,000 1,150 15,000 20,000 490 1When a building or magazine containing explosives is provided with barricades,the separation distances shown are allowed to be reduced by one half. NET WEIGHT OF FIREWORKS1(pounds) FIREWORKS,1.3G2(feet) FIREWORKS,1.4G(feet) x 0.454 for kg x 304.8 for mm x 304.8 for mm 0-100 114 37 101-200 138 37 201-300 154 37 301-400 170 37 401-500 182 37 Above 500 Not Permitted Not Permitted tNet weight is the weight of all pyrotechnic compositions,and explosive mate- 7704.6.4 Workstation protection. Workstations shall be sepa- rials and fuses only. rated by distance,barrier or other approved alternates so that fire 2When a building containing fireworks,1.3G is provided with barricades,the in one station will not ignite material in the next workstation. distances shown are allowed to be reduced by one half. When necessary,each operator shall be protected by a personnel 7704.6 Buildings and Equipment. shield located between the operator and the explosive device or explosive material being processed. This shield and its support 7704.6.1 Construction. Operating buildings or rooms which shall be a tested design to withstand a blast from the maximum exceed the exempt amounts of explosives specified in the Build- amount of explosives allowed behind it. ing Code shall be constructed in accordance with the Building 7704.7 Operations. Code. 7704.7.1 Remote processing. When the type of material and 7704.6.2 Explosive dust. Explosive dust shall not be exhausted processing warrants,mechanical operations involving explosives to the atmosphere. in excess of 1 pound(0.45 kg)shall be performed at isolated sta- When collecting explosive dust, a"wet'collector system shall tions or at intraplant distances,and machinery shall be controlled be used.Wetting agents shall be compatible with the explosives. from remote locations behind substantial barricades or at separa- tions so that workers can remain at a safe distance while machin- Explosive dusts shall be removed from the collection chamber ery is operating. as often as necessary to prevent overloading. The entire system 7704.7.2 Static control. The working area where the screening, shall be cleaned at a frequency that will eliminate hazardous con- grinding,blending and other processing of static-sensitive explo- centrations of explosive dusts in pipes,tubing or ducts. sives or pyrotechnic materials are done shall be provided with ap- 7704.6.3 Intrinsically safe ventilation system. Squirrel cage proved static controls. blowers shall not be used for exhausting hazardous fumes,vapors 7704.7.3 Explosive containers. Bulk explosives shall be kept in or gases.Nonferrous fan blades shall be used for fans located with- approved nonsparking containers when not being used or gro- in the ductwork and through which hazardous materials are ex- cessed.Explosives shall not be stored or transported in open con- hausted. Motors shall be located outside the duct. tainers. 1-163 7704.7.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7704.7.4 Allowable quantities. The quantity of explosives at a ter;and other safeguards to assure adequate protection to prevent workstation shall not exceed the quantity posted on the load limit injury to personnel or damage to property are provided. See Sec- signs established by the intraplant distances. See Table NO TAG. tion 7704.9. 7704.7.5 Waste receptacles. Approved receptacles with covers 7704.8.2 Personal protective equipment. Protective clothing shall be provided for each location for disposing of waste material and equipment shall be provided to protect persons engaged in the and debris.These waste receptacles shall be emptied and cleaned testing,ignition or detonation of explosive materials. as often as necessary but not less than once each day or at the end of each shift. 7704.8.3 Test site safeguards. When tests are being conducted or explosives are being detonated,only authorized persons shall 7704.7.6 Posting of pertinent information. General safety be present.Areas where explosives are regularly or frequently det- rules and operating instructions governing the particular opera- onated or burned shall be fenced and posted with adequate wam- tion or process carried on at that location shall be available at each ing signs.Adequate warning devices shall be used before burning location. or detonating explosives to warn persons who might approach 7704.7.7 Posted limits. Personnel and explosive limits shall be from any direction that they are approaching a danger zone. posted. 7704.9 Disposal of Waste Explosive Materials. 7704.7.8 Maintenance. Regular maintenance and repair work 7704.9.1 Disposal site safeguards. Sites for the destruction of shall not be performed in an explosive area until explosives are re- explosive materials and fireworks shall be located in accordance moved and the area is made safe. with nationally recognized standards.See Appendix VI-H.When EXCEPTION: Minor adjustments or emergency repairs to secure possible,barricades shall be utilized between the destruction site immediate safety. and inhabited buildings. 7704.7.9 Spills. Spilled or dropped explosives shall be cleaned 7704.9.2 Reuse of site. Unless an approved burning site has up at once. been thoroughly saturated with water and has passed a safety in- 7704.7.10 Contaminated materials. Shipping containers, spection,48 hours shall elapse between the completion of a burn cleaning rags and other materials contaminated with explosives and the placement of scrap explosive materials for a subsequent shall be removed daily and disposed in an approved,safe manner. burn. 7704.7.11 Storage. Fireworks,explosives and explosive charges 7704.9.3 Personnel safeguards. Once an explosive burn opera- shall not be stored near sources of heat. tion has started,personnel shall relocate to a safe location where adequate protection from air blast and flying debris is provided. EXCEPTION: Approved curing or drying operation. Personnel shall not return to the burn area until the person in 7704.8 Explosive Materials Testing Sites. charge has inspected the burn site and determined that it is safe for 7704.8.1 Location. Detonation of explosive materials or igni- personnel to return. tion of fireworks for testing purposes shall be performed only in 7704.9.4 Standby personnel. When required by the chief, isolated areas at special sites where distance;protection from mis- standby personnel shall be provided until such time as the site is siles,shrapnel or flyrock by barricades,bunkers or adequate shel- determined to be safe. See Section 2501.18. 1-164 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7801 ARTICLE 78-FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL SECTION 7801 —GENERAL SECTION 7802—FIREWORKS 7801.1 Scope. Fireworks and the use, handling and temporary 7802.1 General. Fireworks shall be in accordance with Sections storage of pyrotechnic special effects material for motion pic- 7801 and 7802. tures,television, and theatrical and group entertainment produc- EXCEPTIONS:1.The use of fireworks by railroads or other trans- tions shall be in accordance with Article 78. The manufacture, portation agencies for signaling or illumination. possession,storage,transportation,handling and use of fireworks, 2.The sale or use of blank cartridges for theatrics,signaling or cere- 1.3G and the manufacture of fireworks, 1AG shall also comply monial purposes. with Article 77. 3.The use of fireworks by the United States Armed Forces. 7801.1.1(for SFMJ Scope. Fireworks and temporary storage, 7802.2 Seizure of Fireworks. The chief is authorized to seize, L c use,and handling of pyrotechnic special effects material used in take,remove or cause to be removed at the expense of the owner �c motion pictures, te' levision, and theatrical and group entertain- all stocks of fireworks offered or exposed for sale,stored or held in violation of Article 78. �A. ment productions shall be in accordance with California Code of L A Regulations. Title 19, Chapter 6. 7802.3 Prohibition. The manufacturing, possession, storage, sale,use and handling of fireworks is prohibited. 7801.2 Definitions. EXCEPTIONS:1.Manufacturing of fireworks in accordance with 7801.2.1 General. For the definitions of AERIAL SHELL; Section 7704 when allowed by the chief under special permits when BINARY EXPLOSIVE;BREAK(Aerial Shell);DESIGNATED not otherwise prohibited by applicable)oval or state laws,ordinances LANDING AREA;EXPLOSIVE;EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS; and regulations. FIREWORKS, 1 AG; FIREWORKS 1.3G; FIXED GROUND 2•Storage S fireworks in accordance with the requirements for low explosives in Section 7702. PIECE; GROUND PIECE; HANDLING;HIGH EXPLOSIVE; 3.Storage of fireworks,1.443 in accordance with the Building Code. LOW EXPLOSIVE; MORTAR; PYROTECHNIC COMPOSI- 4,Sale of fireworks when allowed by the chief under special permits TION; PYROTECHNIC OPERATOR; PYROTECHNIC SPE- when not otherwise prohibited by applicable local or state laws,ordi- CIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL; READY BOX; SAFETY CAP; nances and regulations. and USE,see Article 2. 5.Use and handling of fireworks for display in accordance with Sec- 7801.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 78, tion 7802.4. certain terms are defined as follows: TABLE 7802.3-A--MINIMUM MORTAR SEPARATION DISTANCES DISPLAY is an outdoor display of aerial shells or ground dis- MINIMUM SEPARATION FROM play pieces. SPECTMORTAR DIAMETER(Inches) VEHICLES ATOR VIEWING AND BUILDINGS(feet) TEMPORARY STORAGE is storage of pyrotechnic special x 25.4 for mm x 0.3W for m effects material on site for a period of time of 72 hours or less. less than 3 140 7801.3 Permits. a 280 5 350 7801.3.1 Fireworks. See Section 105,Permit f.2. 6 420 7 490 7801.3.1.1 Manufacturing. A permit is required where the 8 560 10 manufacturing of fireworks is allowed by the chief in accordance 12 840 with Section 7802.3. greater than 12 Approved 7801.3.1.2 Storage.A permit is required to store fireworks, 1.3G 7802A Displays. in any quantity and fireworks, 1.4G in quantities exceeding 10 pounds(4.5 kg). 7802.4.1 General. Fireworks displays shall be in accordance 7801.3.1.3 Sales.A permit is required where the sale of fireworks with Section 7802.4. Only fireworks, 1AG and fireworks, 1.3G is allowed to be used.When fireworks, 1.3G are used,see Sec- tion 7703.1. 7801.3.1.4 Displays.A permit is required to conduct a fireworks 7802A.2 Pyrotechnic operator. Fireworks display operations display. Permit application shall be made not less than 14 days shall be under the direct supervision of a pyrotechnic operator. prior to the scheduled date of the display.The permit application The pyrotechnic operator shall be responsible for all aspects of a shall include a diagram of the grounds on which the display is to be display related to pyrotechnics. held showing the point at which the fireworks are to be discharged; the location of buildings,highways and other lines of communica- 7802.4.3 Bond. The permittee shall furnish a bond or certificate tion;the lines behind which the audience will be restrained;and of insurance in an amount deemed adequate by the chief for the the location of nearby trees,telegraph or telephone lines and other payment of damages which could be caused either to a person or overhead obstructions.At the time of permit application,the chief persons or to property by reason of the permitted display and aris- shall be consulted regarding requirements for standby fire appara- ing from acts of the permittee,agents,employees or subcontrac- tus. tors. 7801.3.1.5 Pyrotechnic special effects material.A permit is re- 7802.4.4 Mortars for aerial shell displays. quired to manufacture, compound, store or use pyrotechnic spe- 7802A.4.1 Site criteria. Mortars for aerial displays shall be sep- cial effects material. A permit for use shall be granted only to a arated from spectator viewing areas,vehicles and buildings as set pyrotechnic operator. See Section 105,Permit p.3. forth in Table 7802.3-A. 1-165 7802.4.4.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7802.4.9 EXCEPTION: The chief is authorized to modify separation dis- mortars to prevent such materials from being thrown from ground tance requirements based on characteristics of specific sites. bursts during firing. The designated landing area shall be an approved large, clear, open area. Spectators, vehicles and combustible materials shall 7802.4.4.12 Cleaning tool. When mortars are to be fired more not be allowed within the designated landing area.The designated than once during a display,a clearing tool shall be available for the landing area shall not be within 100 feet(30 480 mm)of tents,can- cleaning of debris from mortars as necessary.For metal mortars, opies and membrane structures. the tool shall be nonsparking. 7802A.4.2 Construction. Mortars shall be approved for use 7802.4.5 Ground pieces. with the aerial shells to be fired.Mortars shall be constructed of 7802.4.5.1 Location. Ground pieces shall be located not less heavy cardboard,paper or metal other than cast iron. than 150 feet(45 720 mm)from spectators and vehicles;not less than 100 feet (30 480 mm) from tents, canopies or membrane 7802.4.4.3 Inspection. Prior to placement, mortars shall be in- structures;not less than l00 feet(30 480 mm)from mortars;and spected for defects such as dents,bent ends,damaged interiors and outside of the designated landing area. damaged plugs.Mortars found to be defective shall not be used. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Fixed ground pieces are allowed not less than 7802.4.4.4 Positioning. Mortars shall be positioned so that aeii- 75 feet(22 860 mm)from spectators and vehicles. al shells are directed over the designated landing area and away 2. Electrically fired ground pieces are allowed in the designated from ground pieces.Mortars shall not be angled toward spectator landing area. viewing areas. 7802.4.5.2 Combustibles. The area beneath ground pieces shall The trajectory of aerial shells shall be arranged such that a mini- be free of dry grass and combustibles. mum clearance of 25 feet(7620 nun)is maintained from potential 7802.4.5.3 Securing. Poles for ground pieces shall be securely obstructions. placed and braced. Seamed metal mortars shall be placed such that the seam of a 7802.4.6 Electrical fire units. mortar faces to the side rather than to the top or bottom. 7802.4.6.1 General. Electrical firing units shall be in accor- 7802.4.4.5 Securing. Mortars shall be buried to a depth of not dance with Section 7802.4.6. less than two thirds of their length,either in the ground or in above- ground troughs or drums. In soft ground, wood not less than 2 7802.4.6.2 Wiring. Electrical wiring associated with an electri- inches(50.8 rnm)nominal thickness or rock slabs shall be placed cal firing unit shall be prevented from contacting metal objects in beneath mortars which will be used more than once to prevent contact with the ground. their sinking or being driven into the ground during firing. 7802.4.6.3 Power supply. AC-powered electrical firing units EXCEPTION: Approved securely positioned mortar racks are al- shall be isolated from the power source using an isolation trans- lowed for the firing of single-break shells 6 inches(152.4 mm)or less former. in diameter. 7802.4.4.6 Mortar separation. Mortars that are buried in the 7802.4.6.4 Security. Electrical firing units shall require opera- ground,in troughs or in drums shall be separated from adjacent tion of a key-operated switch or other similar device to prevent un- mortars by a distance equal to or greater than the diameter of the authorized operation. mortar. EXCEPTION: Hand-held electrical firing units connected to fire- works only during a display. EXCEPTION: Electrically fired mortars. 7802.4.6.5 Manually activated firing units. Manually acti- 7802.4.4.7 Moisture protection. In damp ground,a weather-re- vated electrical firing units shall require two or more distinct ac- sistant bag shall be placed under the bottoms of mortars prior to tions to apply electric current to an electric match. placement in the ground to protect mortars from moisture.Weath- er-resistant bags shall be placed over the open end of mortars in 7802.4.6.6 Automatic-firing. units. Automatic-sequencing- damp weather to keep moisture from accumulating on the inside type electrical firing units shall include a momentary contact surface of mortars. switch which must be held to cause application of current to an electric match and which will immediately disconnect current to 7802.4.4.8 Ground burst protection. Sand bags,dirt boxes or all electric matches upon release. other suitable protection shall be placed around mortars on the up- range side to protect the operator from ground bursts. 7802.4.6.7 Testing of firing circuits. The pyrotechnic operator shall ensure that personnel are kept at a safe distance from fire- 7802A.4.9 Paper mortars. works which are connected to electrical firing units during testing. Electrical firing units with integral test circuits shall be designed 7802.4.4.9.1 Convolute. Paper mortars constructed of convo- to limit the maximum current output during a test to 0.05 ampere lute wound paper shall be approved for the size aerial shells being or to 20 percent of the no-fire current of electric matches,which- discharged having a maximum double break. ever is less.Multitesters shall not be used for testing unless the 7802.4.4.9.2 Spiral wound. Spiral-wound paper mortars shall maximum current output has been measured and determined not not be used for greater than 3-inch (76.2 mm) diameter aerial to exceed the current output limits for integral test circuits. shells with a maximum double break. 7802.4.7 Inspection. Fireworks shall be inspected upon deliv- 7802.4.4.10 Grouping mortars. Mortars of the same diameter, ery to the display site by the pyrotechnic operator. Aerial shells which are to be reloaded during a display,shall be grouped togeth- having tears, leaks or broken fuses or showing signs of having er such that various sizes are not intermixed.Groups shall be sepa- been wet shall be properly disposed of. rated. 7802.4.8 Supervision. Fireworks shall not be left unattended or 7802.4.4.11 Loose gravel and rocks. Loose gravel, rocks and allowed to become wet at the display site. other loose solid objects shall be removed from the area around 7802.4.9 Display operation. 1-166 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7802.4.9.1 7803.4 7802.4.9.1 General. Display operation shall be in accordance ing the display,and not less than 5 minutes after flooding the mor- with Section 7802.4.9. tar,the mortar shall be emptied into a bucket of water and properly disposed of. Damaged aerial shells shall not be repaired or dis- 7802.4.9.2 Fire protection. When required by the chief,the py- mantled. rotechnic operator shall provide portable fire extinguishers for the discharge area and arrange for standby fire apparatus for protec- 7802.4.9.8.9 Range inspection. The entire firing range shall be tion down range. inspected immediately following a display and prior to allowing public access for the purpose of locating unexploded aerial shells. 7802.4.9.3 Monitors. The pyrotechnic operator shall employ Such shells shall not be handled within 15 minutes of their firing. monitors whose sole duty shall be the enforcement of crowd con- Such shells shall then be doused with water,allowed to stand for trol around the display area.Unauthorized persons shall not be al- not less than 5 minutes and placed in a bucket of water. lowed to enter the discharge site until the site has been inspected after the display by the pyrotechnic operator. When the firing range cannot be thoroughly inspected due to darkness,the site shall be reinspected the following morning. 7802.4.9.4 Barriers. The chief is authorized to require rope bar- riers,fences,signs or other devices to be installed around the dis- 7802.4.9.8.10 Record. The pyrotechnic operator shall keep a re- play area to aid in crowd control. cord of aerial shells that fail to ignite or fail to function. 7802.4.9.5 Display discontinued. If the chief or the pyrotechnic SECTION 7803—PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS operator determines that there is a lack of crowd control or that the MATERIAL crowd is in danger,the display shall be immediately discontinued. If at any time high winds or wet weather creates a danger,the dis- 7803.1 General. Temporary storage,use and handling of pyro- play shall be postponed until weather conditions are acceptable to technic special effects material used in motion picture,television, the chief theatrical and group entertainment productions shall be in accor- 7802.4.9.6 Illumination. Display operators shall use only flash- dance with Section 7803.Permanent storage of pyrotechnic spe- lights or electric lighting for illumination. cial effects material shall be in accordance with Article 77. 7802.4.9.7 Smoking and open flames. Smoking and use of 7803.2 Classification of Materials. Pyrotechnic special effects open flames are prohibited in the aerial shell storage area. NO material shall be classified in accordance with DOT regulations SMOKING OR OPEN FLAME signs shall be conspicuously and procedures. See Appendix VI-H. posted. EXCEPTION: Pyrotechnic special effects material which is manufactured on-site and which is in storage or use need not be classi- 7802.4.9.8 Aerial shells. fied. 7802.4.9.8.1 General. Aerial shell operations shall be in accor- 7803.3 Construction of Magazines. Magazines used for the dance with Section 7802.4.9.8. storage of pyrotechnic special effects material shall be constructed in accordance with Section 7702.3. 7802.4.9.8.2 Ready boxes. Ready boxes shall be located not less than 25 feet(7620 mm)in an upwind direction from mortars. 7803.4 Storage. 7802.4.9.8.3 Transporting. Aerial shells shall be carried to 7803.4.1 General.Storage of pyrotechnic special effects materi- mortars by the shell body.For the purpose of loading mortars,aeri- al shall be in accordance with the requirements of Sections 7702 al shells shall be held by the thick portion of the fuse and carefully and 7803.4.1. lowered into mortars. Containers of explosive materials shall be closed when stored. 7802.4.9.8.4 Proper fit. Aerial shells shall be checked for prop- 7803.4.2 Storage magazines. er fit in mortars prior to discharge.The pyrotechnic operator shall 7803.4.2.1 Within buildings. Explosives stored within a build- inspect all aerial shells to be certain that they are properly seated in mortars prior to firing. Aerial shells that do not fit properly shall ing shall not exceed pounds Low explosives stored not be fired. within a building shal1l1 in a Type be stored n a pe 2 or 4 magazine.High explosives shall be stored in a Type 2 magazine. 7802.4.9.8.5 Safety cap. The safety cap protecting a fuse shall Detonators shall be stored in a separate Type 2 magazine. not be removed until immediately before an aerial shell is to be fired. 7803.4.2.2 Outside of buildings.Pyrotechnic special effects ma- terial which is to be stored outdoors shall be stored in a Type 2 or 4 7802.4.9.8.6 Ignition. Aerial shells shall be ignited by lighting magazine.Pyrotechnic special effects material which is classified the tips of fuses with a fuse, torch, portfire, electrical ignition as a high explosive,including detonating cord and detonators that source or similar device.Operators shall not place any part of their will mass detonate,such as fuse caps,shall be stored in a Type 2 bodies over the throat of a mortar. magazine. 7802.4.9.8.7 Trajectory. The first aerial shell fired shall be When a Type 4 magazine is used for outdoor storage,such stor- carefully observed to determine that its trajectory will carry it into age shall be in a constantly attended location or, if unattended, the intended firing range and that the aerial shell will function over shall have wheels removed or the magazine immobilized by king- and debris will drop into the designated landing area. Mortars pin locking devices or by other approved security measures.When shall be reangled or reset if necessary at any time during the dis- a quantity in excess of 50 pounds(22.7 kg)of explosive materials play to properly maintain trajectories over the designated landing is stored outside of a building,such storage shall be located in ac- area. cordance with nationally recognized standards. See Appendix VI-H. 7802.4.9.8.8 Defective aerial shells. If an aerial shell fails to ig- nite in a mortar,the mortar shall be left alone for a minimum of 15 7803.4.3 Storage against walls. Explosive materials within a minutes,then carefully flooded with water.Immediately follow- magazine shall not be placed directly against interior walls and 1-167 7803.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7803.9 shall not interfere with ventilation. To prevent contact of stored 7803.8.1 General precautions. explosive materials with walls,a nonsparking lattice-work or oth- 7803.8.1.1 Demonstration and approval. When required by er nonsparking material is allowed to be used. the chief,a test shall be conducted to demonstrate the safe use of 7803.4.4 Marking of containers.Containers of explosive materi- pyrotechnic special effects material prior to normal use. als shall be stored such that identifying marks are visible.Stocks The use of pyrotechnic special effects material shall be ap- of explosive materials shall be stored so they can be easily counted proved by the pyrotechnic operator in charge. and checked upon inspection. 7803.8.1.2 Preparation. The company or producer shall allo- 7803A.5 Unpacking and repacking containers. Containers of cate sufficient time to the pyrotechnic operator to prepare for the explosive materials shall not be unpacked or repacked inside a transportation,packing,storing and daily securing,and to dispose magazine or within 50 feet(15 240 nun)of a magazine,and shall of or otherwise handle pyrotechnic special effects material in a not be unpacked or repacked close to other explosive materials. safe manner. EXCEPTION: Unpacking and repacking of fiberboard and other 7803.8.1.3 Crowd control. Onlookers shall be kept at a safe dis- nonmetallic containers. tance from the area where the pyrotechnic special effects material 7803.4.6 Tools.Tools used for opening or closing containers of is discharged and so restrained until the area is cleared. explosive materials shall be of nonsparking materials. A wood 7803.8.2 Smoke control. When pyrotechnic special effects ma- wedge and a fiber,rubber or wooden mallet shall be used for open- ing or closing wood containers of explosive materials. Metal terial is fired within a building,the quantity of smoke developed tools, other than nonsparking transfer conveyors, shall not be shall not obscure the visibility of exit signs or paths of egress trav- el. stored in magazines containing high explosives. XCEPTION: Metal slitters are allowed to be used for opening fi- The maximum density of smoke shall be approved,and the py- E be XC containers. rotechnic operator shall ensure that the maximum density is not exceeded. 7803.5 Smoking and Open Flames. Controls on smoking and When required by the chief,provisions shall be made to confine open flames shall be in accordance with Sections 7702.1.14, smoke generated by pyrotechnic special effects material to an ap- 7703.1.4 and 7703.1.5. proved area and to remove such smoke from the building. 7803.6 Housekeeping. Housekeeping shall be in accordance 7803.8.3 Binary explosives. When binary explosives are used, with Article 77. the compounding and firing shall be performed by a pyrotechnic 7803.7 Pyrotechnic Operators. A pyrotechnic operator shall operator.Firing shall be subject to the conditions described in the obtain required permits and be responsible for notifying the chief permit. prior to using the pyrotechnic special effects material.The pyro- 7803.8.4 Surplus materials. Surplus materials shall be proper- technic operator shall have the authority and responsibility for the ly stored until it can be disposed of in a safe manner. storage,use and handling of the pyrotechnic special effects mate- rial. The authority of the pyrotechnic operator shall not be as- 7803.9 Standby Personnel and Equipment. When necessary sumed by anyone and shall be superseded only by the chief. for the preservation of life or property,the chief is authorized to require the attendance of standby personnel and fire equipment as 7803.8 Use of Pyrotechnic Special Effects Material. set forth in Section 2501.18. 1-168 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLES 78-79 ARTICLE 79- FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SECTION 7901 -GENERAL 1.A pontoon or double-deck metal floating roof in an open-top 7901.1 Scope. tank,or 2.A fixed metal roof with ventilation at the top and roof eaves 7901.1.1 General. Storage, use, dispensing, mixing and han- and containing a metal floating roof or cover meeting the follow- dling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance ing requirements: with Article 79. 2.1 A pontoon or double-deck metal floating roof,or EXCEPTIONS:1.As otherwise provided in other laws or regula- 2.2 A metal floating cover supported by liquid-tight metal pon- tions. 2.Alcoholic beverages in retail sales or storage uses,provided the toons or floats that provide sufficient buoyancy to prevent liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. sinking of the cover when one half of the pontoons or floats 3.Medicines,foodstuffs and cosmetics containing not more than 50 is punctured. percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of An internal metal floating pan,roof or cover that does meet the the solution not being flammable,in retail sales or storage uses when requirements of Item 2,or one that uses plastic foam,except for packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. seals,for floatation,even if capsulated in metal or fiberglass,shall 4.Storage and use of fuel-oil tanks and containers connected to oil- be treated as a fixed roof tank. burning equipment.Such storage and use shall be in accordance with Article 61 and the Mechanical Code.For abandonment of tanks,Ar- FUEL-DELIVERY SYSTEM is a system that consists of a ticle 79 shall apply. tank vehicle containing a pump,a fill hose with appropriate con- 5. Refrigerant liquids and refrigerant oils within an approved nections and a person who performs the tank filling operation of closed-cycle refrigeration system complying with the Mechanical transferring fuel from the tank vehicle to an aboveground tank. Code.See Article 63. The two types of fuel-delivery systems for aboveground tanks are 6.Storage and display of aerosol products.See Article 88. as follows: 7.Materials which are solid at 100°F(37.8°C)or above. Preconnected Flexible Hose System is a fuel-delivery system 8.Storage of liquids that have no fire point when tested in accor- containing a reel-mounted preconnected flexible hose having a dance with nationally recognized standards.See Section 9003,Stand- maximum nominal diameter of 2 inches(50.8 mm)and a manual- ard a.4.5. ly controlled fuel-delivery nozzle at the downstream end of the 9.Liquids without flash points that can be flammable under some hose. conditions, such as certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons. Rigid Hose System is a fuel-delivery system utilizing one or 10.Storage or display of liquids in containers or portable tanks with more sections of large diameter rigid hose[usually 3 to 4 inches a flash point greater than 95°F(35°C)in a water-miscible solution or (76.2 nun to 101.6 nun)in nominal diameter]that does not contain dispersion with a noncombustable liquid or solid content of more than a nozzle but which contains interlocking connections for manual- 90 percent by weight. ly connecting the hose from the tank vehicle to the tank. 7901.1.2 Material classification. Flammable and combustible MIXING is the combining,blending or bringing together with- liquids shall be classified in accordance with Article 2 and as set in the same container,tank or vessel flammable or combustible forth in Table 7901.1-A. liquids or other materials whereby flammable vapors could be lib- 7901.2 Defmitions. erated to the atmosphere. 7901.2.1 General. For definitions of ATMOSPHERIC TANK; OUTDOOR AREA is a single,contiguous property exterior to AUTOMATIC FIRE CHECK;BOILING POINT; BOILOVER; buildings or without buildings thereon that is under the ownership CLASSIFIED PRODUCT;CLOSED CONTAINER;COMBUS- or control of a single person. See also definition of PERSON in Section 217. TIBLE LIQUID; CONDENSATE TANKS; DIP TANK; DIS- PENSING;DOT;FIRE POINT;FIXED ROOF TANK;FLAME PROCESS TRANSFER is the transfer of flammable or com- ARRESTER; FLAMMABLE LIQUID; FLASH POINT; LA- bustible liquids between tank vehicles or tank cars and process op- BELED;LIQUID;LIQUID STORAGE ROOM;LIQUID STOR- erations.Process operations may include containers,tanks,piping AGE WAREHOUSE; LISTED; LOW-PRESSURE TANK; and equipment. PORTABLE TANK; PRIMARY TANK; PROTECTED ABO- STORAGE is the keeping,retention or leaving of flammable or VEGROUND TANK;REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR;RE- combustible liquids in closed containers,tanks or similar vessels. TAIL SALES OCCUPANCY;UNSTABLE(Reactive)LIQUID; USE (Material); USE, CLOSED SYSTEM; USE, OPEN SYS- TEM, see Article 2. 7901.3.1 Permits. See also Section 105,Permits f.3.1.through 7901.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 79, f.3.7.A permit is required to: certain terms are defined as follows: 1. Install,operate,repair or modify pipelines,equipment or fa- cilities where flammable or combustible liquids are produced, BULK TRANSFER is the loading or unloading of flammable or processed,dispensed,stored,handled or used. combustible liquids from or between tank vehicles,tank cars or 2. Store, handle, transport, dispense, mix,blend or use flam- storage tanks. mable or combustible liquids in excess of quantities specified in CONTAINER is a vessel of 60 U.S.gallons(227.1 L)or less ca- Section 105. pacity used for transporting or storing flammable or combustible 3. Remove,abandon,place temporarily out of service or other- liquids.Pipes,piping systems,engines and engine fuel tanks are wise dispose of a flammable or combustible liquids tank. not considered to be containers. 4. Install,construct,alter or operate tank vehicles,equipment, FLOATING ROOF TANK is a tank that incorporates either: tanks, plants, terminals, wells, refineries and similar facilities 1-169 7901.3.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7901.9.3 where flammable and combustible liquids are produced, pro- 7901.6 Construction and Site Requirements. Buildings, or cessed.transported, stored,dispensed or used. portions thereof, in which flammable or combustible liquids are 5. Change the type of contents stored in a flammable or com- stored,dispensed,used,mixed or handled shall be constructed in bustible liquid tank to a material other than that for which the tank accordance with the Building Code. was designed and constructed. Fire apparatus access roads and water supply shall be provided for all portions of facilities and uses in accordance with Sections 7901.3.2 Plans. Plans shall be submitted with each application 902.2 and 903. for a permit to store more than 5,000 gallons(18 925 L)of liquids outside of buildings in drums or tanks.The plans shall indicate the 7901.7 Unauthorized Discharges. method of storage, quantities to be stored, distances from build- 7901.7.1 General. Flammable and combustible liquids and pe- ings and property lines,accessways,fire-protection facilities,and troleum waste products shall not be discharged or released on provisions for spill control and secondary containment. sidewalks, streets, highways, drainage canals, ditches, storm 7901.4 Electrical. drains, sewers, flood-control channels, lakes,rivers,tidal water- ways or the ground. Unauthorized discharge or release of such 7901.4.1 General. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be products shall be handled as set forth in Section 8001.5.2. installed and maintained in accordance with the Electrical Code EXCEPTIONS:1.Materials and products intended for use in weed and as otherwise required by Article 79. abatement,pest control,erosion control,paving and similar applica- tions when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, 7901.4.2 Classified locations. label directions and nationally recognized standards. 7901.4.2.1 Flammable liquids. Areas where flammable liquids 2 Materials released in accordance with federal,state or local gov- ernment regulations or permits of the jurisdictional air quality manage- are stored, handled, dispensed or mixed shall be in accordance ment board with a national pollutant discharge elimination system with Tables 5202.6-A and 7901.4-A.A classified area shall not ex- permit,with waste discharge requirements established by the jurisdic- tend beyond an unpierced floor,roof or other solid partition. tional water quality control board,or with local sewer pretreatment re- The extent of the classified area may be reduced, or the area quirements for publicly owned treatment works. eliminated, if sufficient technical justification is provided to the 7901.7.2 Maintenance and operating practices. Maintenance chief that a concentration in the area in excess of 25 percent lower and operating practices shall be in accordance with established flammability limit cannot be generated. procedures which will tend to control leakage and unauthorized discharge of flammable or combustible liquids. Spills shall be 7901.4.2.2 Combustible liquids. Areas where Class H or III liq- cleaned up promptly. uids which are heated above their flash points are stored,handled or dispensed shall have electrical installations in accordance with 7901.7.3 Leaking containers. Where flammable or combus- Article dispensed See also Table 790 electrical installations Footnote 1. tible liquids are stored in containers,provisions shall be made and maintained for the detection of leakage.Leaking containers shall 7901.4.3 Other applications. The chief is authorized to deter- be taken to a safe location in an area not accessible to the public mine the extent of the Class I electrical equipment and wiring and the contents transferred to a liquid-tight container. location when a condition is not specifically covered by these re- 7901.7.4 Site assessment. In the event of a spill, leak or dis- quirements or the Electrical Code. See Article 90,Standard n.2.3. charge from a tank system,a site assessment shall be completed by 7901.4.4 Special hazards. Wiring and electrical equipment lo- the owner or operator of such tank system if the chief determines cated within 25 feet(7620 mm) of any portion of a loading rack that a potential fire or explosion hazard exists. Such site assess- shall be designed, operated and installed such that it does not ments shall be conducted to ascertain potential fire hazards and create an ignition hazard. shall be completed and submitted to the fire department within a time period established by the chief not to exceed 60 days.See Ap- 79015 Fire Protection. pendix II-H. 7901.5.1 General. Fire protection for the storage,use,dispens- 7901.7.5 Waste control. Waste liquids shall be kept in a sump, ing,mixing,handling and on-site transportation of flammable and tank or receptacle approved for this purpose. combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Articles 9, 10 and 7901.8 Spill Control and Secondary Containment. When re- 79, and the Building Code. quired,rooms,buildings or areas used for storage,dispensing,use, Fire protection in petroleum processing plants and facilities or mixing,or handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be portions of plants or facilities in which flammable or combustible provided with spill control and secondary containment in accor- liquids are handled, treated or produced on a commercial scale dance with Sections 8003.1.3, 8004.2.2.5, 8004.2.3.6 and from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon 8004.3.3. sources shall also be in accordance with nationally recognized 7901.9 Labeling and Signs. standards. See Article 90, Standard a.3.13. 7901.9.1 General. The chief is authorized to require warning 79015.2 Special fire-extinguishing equipment. Special fire- signs for the purpose of identifying the hazards of storing or using extinguishing equipment such as equipment utilizing foam,inert flammable liquids. gas or dry chemical shall be provided as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation,dispensing and storage. See Sec- 7901.9.2 Style. Warning signs shall be of a durable material with tion 1001.9. red lettering on a white background and shall read DANGER— FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.Letters shall not be less than 3 inches 7901.5.3 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguish- (76.2 mm)in height and 1/2 inch(12.7 mm)in stroke. ers shall be provided in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1 and as otherwise required by Article 79. 7901.9.3 Location. Signs shall be posted in locations as re- quired by the chief.Piping containing liquids shall be identified in 7901.5.4 Hose lines. Hose lines shall be provided in accordance accordance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, with Section 1001.9,Article 79 and the Building Code. Standard a.2.1. 1-170 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7901.9.4 7901.11.9 7901.9.4 Warning labels. Warning labels shall be in accordance system properly and to protect the plant under both normal and with the Federal Hazardous Substance Labeling Act and applica- emergency conditions.Piping systems in connection with pumps ble state laws.Flammable liquids,and flammable and liquid com- shall contain a sufficient number of such valves to properly con- pounds and mixtures manufactured,packaged or offered for sale trol the flow of liquid in normal operation and in the event of shall be conspicuously marked or labeled in legible type which is physical damage or fire exposure. in contrast by typography,layout or color with any other printed Connections to pipelines or piping by which equipment,such as matter on the label. tank cars,tank vehicles or marine vessels,discharges liquid into EXCEPTION:Foods,drugs or cosmetics subject to the Federal storage tanks shall be provided with check valves for automatic Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act. protection against backflow. 7901.10 Sources of Ignition. In locations where flammable va- Manual drainage-control valves shall be located at approved pors could be present,precautions shall be taken to prevent igni- locations remote from the tanks,diked area,drainage system and tion by eliminating or controlling sources of ignition. Adequate impounding basin to assure their operation in a fire condition. grounding and bonding shall be provided to prevent the accumula- ion of static electricity wherever Class I or II liquids are trans- 7901.11.5 Connections. Connections to an aboveground tank tion dispensed. See also Section 1109. located below normal liquid level shall be provided with internal ferror external control valves located as close as practical to the shell Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not be used in a of the tank.Except for liquids whose chemical characteristics are manner which creates a hazardous condition. Heating equipment incompatible with steel,such valves,when external,and their con- shall be of a type approved for hazardous locations. nections to the tank shall be of steel. EXCEPTION:Energy-consuming equipment listed for use with 7901.11.6 Piping supports. Piping systems shall be substantial- the material stored. ly supported and protected against physical damage and excessive Protection against ignitions arising out of static,lightning and stresses arising from settlement,vibration,expansion or contrac- stray currents in petroleum industry operations shall be in accor- tion, or exposure to fire. The supports shall be protected against dance with nationally recognized standards.See Article 90,Stan- exposure to fire by: dard a.3.13. 1. Draining liquid away from the piping system at a minimum 7901.11 Piping,Valves and Fittings. slope of not less than 1 percent, 7901.11.1 Materials and design. 2. Providing protection with a fire-resistive rating of not less 7901.11.1.1 General. Piping, valves, fittings and related com- than two hours,or ponents intended for use with flammable and combustible liquids 3. Other approved methods. shall be designed and fabricated from suitable materials having 7901.11.7 Flexible joints. adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressures,struc- 7901.11.7.1 General. Flexible joints shall be listed and ap- tural stresses and exposures to which they can be subjected.Such proved and shall be installed on underground liquid, vapor and equipment shall be in accordance with nationally recognized en- vent piping at the following locations: gineering standards,be listed for the application or be approved. See Article 90, Standards a.2.2, a.2.3, a.2.4, a.2.5, a.2.6,u.1.10 1. Where piping connects to underground tanks, and u.1.11.Nonmetallic piping,if used,shall be installed in accor- 2. Where piping ends at pump islands and vent risers,and dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. 3. At points where differential movement in the piping can oc- 7901.11.1.2 Low melting point materials. Low melting point cur. materials, such as aluminum,copper and brass;materials which 7901.11.7.2 Fiberglass-reinforced plastic piping. Fiberglass- soften on fire exposure,such as nonmetallic materials;or nonduc- reinforced plastic(FRP)piping need not be provided with flexible tile materials,such as cast iron,used underground shall be within joints in locations where both of the following conditions are pres- their pressure and temperature limitations.When such materials ent, are used outdoors in aboveground piping systems or within build- ings,they shall be either: 1. Piping does not exceed 4 inches(101.6 mm)in diameter,and 1. Suitably protected against fire exposure, 2. Piping has a straight run of not less than 4 feet(1219 nun)on one side of the connection when such connections result in a 2. Located such that leakage resulting from failure would not change of direction. unduly expose persons,buildings or structures,or In lieu of the minimum 4-foot(1219 mm) straight run length, 3. Located where leakage can readily be controlled by opera- approved and listed flexible joints are allowed to be used under tion of accessible remotely located valves. dispensers and suction pumps,at submerged pumps and tanks,and 7901.11.2 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other ap- where vents extend aboveground. proved means shall be provided to protect piping, valves or fit- 7901.11.8 Pipe joints. Joints shall be liquid tight and shall either tings subject to vehicular damage.When guard posts are installed, be welded,flanged or threaded.Threaded or flanged joints shall fit the posts shall be in accordance with Section 8001.11.3. tightly by using approved methods and materials for the type of 7901.11.3 Protection from corrosion and galvanic action. joint. Joints in piping systems used for Class I liquids shall be Piping,related fluid-handling components and supports for both welded when located in concealed spaces within buildings. underground and aboveground applications where subject to ex- Nonmetallic joints shall be approved and shall be installed in ternal corrosion shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materials, accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. coated or provided with corrosion protection as specified in Sec- Pipe joints which are dependent on the friction characteristics tion 7902.6.15.Dissimilar metallic parts which promote galvanic for liquid tightness of piping shall not be used in buildings. The action shall not be joined. piping shall be secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting. 7901.11.4 Valves. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient 7901.11.9 Bends. Pipe and tubing shall not be bent in excess of number of manual control valves and check valves to operate the 90 degrees or at a radius less than five diameters of the nominal 1-171 7901.11.9 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7901.4-A trade size of the pipe or tube when the radius is measured from the leak exists. Piping that could contain flammable or combustible inside edge of the pipe or tube. liquids shall not be tested pneumatically.Such tests shall be at the expense of the owner or operator. 7901.11.10 Testing. Unless tested in accordance with the appl- EXCEPTION:Vapor-recovery piping is allowed to be tested using cable sections of nationally recognized standards for pressure pip- an inert gas. ing(see Article 90,Standard a.2.3),piping,before being covered, enclosed or placed in use, shall be hydrostatically tested to 150 7901.12 Powered Industrial Truck Operation. Powered in- percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, or dustrial trucks shall be listed and labeled for use in the environ- pneumatically tested to 110 percent of the maximum anticipated ment intended and shall be in accordance with nationally pressure of the system,but not less than 5 psig(34.47 kPa)at the recognized standards. See Article 90,Standard n.2.2. highest point of the system.This test shall be maintained for a suf- 7901.13 Maintenance of Protected Aboveground Tanks.Pro- ficient time period to complete visual inspection of all joints and tected aboveground tanks and connected piping shall be main- connections.For a minimum of 10 minutes,there shall not be leak- tained in a safe operating condition.Protected aboveground tanks age or permanent distortion.Care shall be exercised to ensure that shall be maintained in accordance with their listings. these pressures are not applied to vented storage tanks. Such stor- age tanks shall be tested independently from the piping. Damage to protected aboveground tanks shall be repaired using materials having equal or greater strength and fire resistance or the Existing piping shall be tested in accordance with Section protected aboveground tank shall be replaced or taken out of ser- 7901.1 l I0 when the chief has reasonable cause to believe that a vice. TABLE 7901.1-A—CLASSIFICATION OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS (See Sections 7901.1.2 and 7901.4.3) FLASH POINT(FAHRENHEIT) BOILING POINT(FAHRENHEIT) CLASSIFICATION' 0.556 x 0T-32)for°C 0.556 x(t-F-32)for°C Class I I-A Less than 73 degrees Less than 100 degrees I-B Less than 73 degrees Greater than or equal to 100 degrees I-C Greater than or equal to 73 degrees and less than 100 N/A degrees Class II Greater than or equal to 100 degrees and less than 140 N/A degrees Class III III-A Greater than or equal to 140 degrees and less than 200 N/A degrees III-B Greater than or equal to 200 degrees N/A Crude Petroleum Less than 150 degrees N/A N/A=Not applicable to classification. t When heated,sprayed or mixed,Class II or III liquids can assume the characteristics of lower flash point liquids.Under such conditions the appropriate provisions of Article 79 for the actual flash point shall apply.For construction requirements,see the Building Code. When flammable or combustible liquids present multiple hazards,all hazards shall be addressed.See Section 8001.1.3. TABLE 7901.4-A—CLASS 1 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS1 (See Section 7901.4.2.1) GROUP D LOCATION DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Underground tank fill opening 1 Pits,boxes or spaces below grade level,any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. 2 Up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from a loose-fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet(1524 mm)from a tight-fill connection. Vent—Discharging upward 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 5 feet(1524 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. Drum and container tilling Outdoor or indoor with adequate 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of vent and fill opening,extending in all directions. ventilation 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 5 feet(1524 mm)from vent of fill opening,extending in all directions.Also up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above floor or grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from vent oT fill opening. Pumps,bleeders,withdrawal fittings, meters and similar devices Indoor 2 Within 5 feet(1524 mm)of any edge of such devices,extending in all directions.Also up to 3 feet(914.4 mm)above floor or grade level within 25 feet(7620 mm)horizontally from any edge of such devices. Outdoor 2 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of any edge of such devices,extending in all directions.Also up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)horizontally from an edge of such devices. Pits Without mechanical ventilation 1 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area. 1-172 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7901.4-A TABLE 7901.4-A With mechanical ventilation 2 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area. Containing valves,fittings or piping,and 2 Entire pit. not within a a Division 1 or 2 classified area Drainage ditches,separators, impounding basins Indoor Same as pits. Outdoor 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above ditch,separator or basin.Also up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade within 15 feet(4572 mm)horizontal from any edge. (Continued) 1-173 TABLE 7901.4-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7901.4-A—CLASS 1 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS1—(Continued) (See Section 7901.4.2.1) GROUP D LOCATION DIVISION EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA Tank vehicle and tank care Loading through open dome 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of edge of dome,extending in all directions. 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 15 feet(4572 mm)from edge of dome,extending in all directions. Loading through bottom connections 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of point of venting to atmosphere,extending in all directions. with atmospheric venting 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 15 feet(4572 mm)from point of venting to atmosphere, extending in all directions.Also up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above grade within a horizontal radius of tO feet(3048 mm)from point of loading connection. Office and Rest Rooms Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an indoor classified location,the room-shall be classified the same as if the wall,curb or partition did not exist. Loading through closed dome with 1 Within 3 feet(914.4 rnm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. atmospheric venting 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 15 feet(4572 nun)from open end of vent,extending in all directions.Also within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of edge of dome,extending in all directions. Loading through closed dome with 2 Within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of point of connection of both fill and vapor lines,extending in all vapor control directions. Bottom loading with vapor control or 2 Within 3 feet(914.4 rnm)of point of connection,extending in all directions.Also up to 18 any bottom unloading inches(457.2 mm)above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet(3048 mm)from point of connection. Storage and repair garage for tank 1 Pits or spaces below floor level. vehicles 2 Area up to 18 inches(457.2 mm)above floor or grade level for entire storage or repair garage. Garages for other than tank vehicles Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an outdoor classified area,the entire room shall be classified the same as the area classification at the point of the opening. Outdoor drum storage Ordinary Indoor warehousing where there is no Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an indoor classified area,the room flammable liquid transfer shall be classified the same as if the wall,curb or partition did not exist. Indoor equipment where flammable 1 Area within 5 feet(1524 nun)of any edge of such equipment,extending in all directions. vapor/air mixtures could exist under 2 Area between 5 feet(1524 r[un)and 8 feet(2438 mm)of any edge of such equipment, normal operations extending in all directions.Also,area up to 3 feet(914.4 mm)above floor or grade level within 5 feet(1524 mm)to 25 feet(7620 trim)horizontally from any edge of such equipment.3 Outdoor equipment where flammable 1 Area within 3 feet(914.4 mm)of any edge of such equipment,extending in all directions. vapor/air mixtures could exist under 2 Area between 3 feet(914.4 mm)and 8 feet(2438 nun)of any edge of such equipment normal operations extending in all directions.Also,area up to 3 feet(914.4 mm)above floor or grade level within 3 feet(914.4 mm)to 10 feet(3048 mm)horizontally from any edge of such equipment. Tank—Aboveground 1 Area inside dike where dike height is greater than the distance from the tank to the dike for more than 50 percent of the tank circumference. Shell,ends or roof and dike area 2 Area between 10 feet(3048 mm)from shell,ends or roof of tank.Area inside dikes to level of top of dike. Vent 1 Area within 5 feet(1524 mm)of open end of vent,extending in all directions. 2 Area between 5 feet(1524 nun)and 10 feet(3048 mm)from open end of vent,extending in all directions. Floating roof 1 Area above the roof and within the shell. t Locations as classified in the Electrical Code. zWhen classifying extent of area,consideration shall be given to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles can be spotted at varying points.Therefore,the extremities of the loading or unloading positions shall be used. 3The release of Class I liquids can generate vapors to the extent that the entire building,and possibly a zone surrounding it,are considered a Class I,Division 2 location. 1-174 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902 7902.1.7.4.1 SECTION 7902—STORAGE 7902.1.7.2.2 Out of service 90 days. Underground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be safeguarded in accordance 7902.1 General. with the following or removed in accordance with Sec- 7902.1.1 Applicability. Storage of flammable and combustible tion 7902.1.7.4: liquids in containers, cylinders and tanks shall be in accordance 1. Flammable or combustible liquids shall be removed from with Sections 7901 and 7902. the tank, For motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations, see Article 52. 2. All piping, including fill line, gage opening, vapor return and pump connection, shall be capped or plugged and secured 7902.1.2 Change of tank contents. Tanks subject to change in from tampering,and contents shall be in accordance with Section 7902.1.8.Prior to a 3. Vent lines shall remain open and be maintained in accor- change in contents,the chief is authorized to require testing of a dance with Sections 7902.1.13 and 7902.2.6. tank. 7902.1.7.2.3 Underground tanks out of service for one 7902.1.3 Labeling and signs. year. Underground tanks which have been out of service for a pe- 7902.1.3.1 Smoking and open flames. Signs shall be posted in riod of one year shall be removed from the ground in accordance storage areas prohibiting open flames and smoking.See also Sec- With Section 7902.1.7.4 and the site shall be restored in an ap- tion 7901.9. proved manner.When the chief determines that the removal of the tank is not necessary,abandonment in place is allowed. 7902.1.3.2 Label or placard. Tanks over 100 gallons(378.5 L) 7902.1.7.2.4 Tanks abandoned in place. Tanks abandoned in in capacity permanently installed or mounted and used for the place shall be abandoned as follows: storage of Class I,II or III-A liquids shall bear a label or placard identifying the material therein in accordance with UFC Stan- 1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from dard 79-3. the tank and connected piping, EXCEPTIONS:1.Tanks of 300 gallons(1135.5 L)capacity or less 2• The suction,inlet,gage,vapor return and vapor lines shall be located on private property and used for heating and cooking fuels in disconnected, single-family dwellings. 3. The tank shall be filled completely with an approved,inert 2.Tanks located underground. solid material, 7902.1.4 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flames are 4. Remaining underground piping shall be capped or plugged, prohibited in storage areas. See also Section 7901.10. and 7902.1.5 Explosion control. Explosion control, equivalent 5. A record of tank size,location and date of abandonment shall protection devices or suppression systems,or a barricade shall be be retained. provided in accordance with the Building Code when Class I liq- 7902.1.7.2.5 Reinstallation of underground tanks. Tanks uids are stored inside buildings in excess of the exempt amounts, which are to be reinstalled for flammable or combustible liquid or where explosive vapor-air mixtures could develop under nor- service shall comply with all of the provisions of Article 79 and mal operating conditions. shall be tested in an approved manner. EXCEPTION:Class I-B and I-C liquids when provided with con- tinuous ventilation at the rate set forth in Section 8003.1.4. 7902.1.7.3 Aboveground tanks. See also Sections 7902.5.11.7, 7902.5.12.7, 7903.2.3.4.3 7902.1.7.3.1 Temporarily out of service. Aboveground tanks and 7903.2.3.5.3. temporarily out of service shall have all connecting lines isolated 7902.1.6 Separation from incompatible materials and accu- from the tank and secured against tampering. mulation of combustibles. Storage of flammable and combus- 7902.1.7.3.2 Out of service 90 days. Aboveground tanks not tible liquids shall be separated from incompatible hazardous used for a period of 90 days shall be safeguarded in accordance materials in accordance with Section 8001.11.8. with Section 7902.1.7.2.2 or removed in accordance with Sec- Grass;weeds;combustible materials;and waste Class I,II and tion 7902.1.7.4. III-A liquids shall not be accumulated in an unsafe manner at a 7902.1.7.3.3 Aboveground tanks out of service one year. storage site. Aboveground tanks which have been out of service for a period of 7902.1.7 Abandonment and status of tanks. one year shall be removed in accordance with Section 7902.1.7.4. EXCEPTION:Tanks located at refineries,bulk plants and termi- 7902.1.7.1 General. Notwithstanding the time schedules stipu- nals that are in operation. lated,tanks taken out of service shall be removed or safeguarded 7902.1.7.4 Removing tanks. in accordance with Section 7902.1.7 and nationally recognized standards. See Section 9003,Standard a.3.9. 7902.1.7.4.1 General. Removal of aboveground and under- In other cases,tanks taken out of service shall be safeguarded or ground tanks shall be in accordance with all of the following: removed in accordance with Section 7902.1.7. 1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connecting piping, 7902.1.7.2 Underground tanks. 2. Piping at tank openings which is not to be used further shall 7902.1.7.2.1 Temporarily out of service. Underground tanks be disconnected, temporarily out of service shall have the fill line, gage opening, 3. Piping shall be removed from the ground, vapor return and pump connection secure against tampering.Vent EXCEPTION:Piping is allowed to be abandoned in place when lines shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with Sec- the chief determines that removal is not practical.Abandoned piping tions 7902.1.13 and 7902.2.6. shall be capped and safeguarded as required by the chief. 1-175 ARTICLE 79 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.1.8.2.12 4. Tank openings shall be capped or plugged,leaving a 1/8-inch ally recognized standards. See Article 90, Standards a.3.4 and to 1/4-inch-diameter (3.2 mm to 6.4 mm) opening for pressure a.5.1. equalization, and 7902.1.8.2.4 Locations subject to flooding. Where a tank is lo- 5. Tanks shall be purged of vapor and inerted prior to removal. cated in an area that is subject to flooding,uplift protection shall be 7902.1.7.4.2 Disposal. Tanks shall be disposed of in accordance provided. See Appendix II-B. with federal, state and local regulations. 7902.1.8.2.5 Acceptance testing. Prior to being put into ser- vice, tanks shall be tested in accordance with nationally recog- 7902.1.8 Design, construction and general installation re- quirements for tanks,containers and equipment. rtized standards. 7902.1.8.2.6 Product compatibility. Tank construction materi- 7902.1.8.1 Portable tanks,containers and equipment. als shall be compatible with the liquid to be stored. The chief is 7902.1.8.1.1 General. Portable tanks, containers and equip- authorized to require that evidence be submitted to substantiate ment used or intended to be used for the storage of flammable or that the properties of the liquid are compatible with the tank. combustible liquids shall be of an approved type.Containers and 7902.1.8.2.7 Use of combustible materials in tank construc- portable tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance tion. Tanks constructed of combustible materials shall be subject with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Standards to the approval of the chief and limited to: u.1.2 and u.1.12 and UFC Standard 79-5.The capacity of individ- 1.Installation underground, ual containers and portable tanks for liquids shall be in accordance with Table 7902.1-A. 2. Case where required by the properties of the liquid stored, EXCEPTION: Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs and cosmetics 3. Storage of Class III-B liquids aboveground in areas not po- when packaged according to commonly accepted practices for retail tentially exposed to a spill or leak of Class I or II liquids, sales. 4. Storage of Class III-B liquids inside a building protected by 7902.1.8.1.2 Use of tank cars and tank vehicles as storage an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system,or tanks. Tank cars and tank vehicles shall not be used as storage 5.Protected aboveground tanks that are listed and labeled in ac- tanks. cordance with UFC Standard 79-7. 7902.1.8.1.3 Plastic containers. Plastic containers shall not be 7902.1.8.2.8 Use of concrete in tank construction. Unlined used for storage of Class I or II liquids unless such containers are concrete tanks are allowed for storing liquids having a gravity of listed and approved for such storage or the containers are stored in 40 degrees API or heavier. Concrete tanks with special linings liquid storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses. See Sections are allowed for other services, provided the design is in accor- 7902.5.11 and 7902.5.12. dance with approved engineering practices. See also Sec- EXCEPTION:Plastic containers in Group M Occupancies in ac- tion 7902.1.8.2.11. cordance with Section 7902.5.10.2.2. See also Section 7902.5.10.2.2 for additional limitations. title o.8.2.9 Tank linings. Tanks are allowed to have combus- ible or noncombustible linings. 7902.1.8.2 Tanks. 7902.1.8.2.10 Tanks containing liquids with high specific 7902.1.8.2.1 General. The design,fabrication and construction gravity and low temperature liquids. Special engineering con- of tanks shall be in accordance with recognized good engineering sideration shall be used if the specific gravity of the liquid to be practice and nationally recognized standards.Each tank shall bear stored exceeds that of water or if the tank is designed to contain a permanent nameplate or marking indicating the standard used as liquids at a liquid temperature below 0°F(-17.8°C). the basis of design,fabrication and construction. See Article 90, 7902.1.8.2.11 Existing oil storage reservoirs. Existing oil stor- Standards a.3.1,a.3.2,a.3.3,a.3.4,a.3.5,a.4.8,u.1.3,u.1.5,u.1.7, age reservoirs with a concrete lining and with a combustible roof u.1.13 and u.1.17.Protected aboveground tanks shall be listed and covering and built prior to the adoption of requirements set forth in shall meet the requirements specified in UFC Standard 79-7 and Section 7902.1.8 are allowed to be continued for the storage of pe- shall be labeled accordingly. troleum products with a flash point in excess of 150°F(65.6°C). 7902.1.8.2.2 Use of tank cars and tank vehicles as storage 7902.1.8.2.12 Corrosion protection. Where subject to external tanks. Tank cars and tank vehicles shall not be used as storage corrosion,aboveground tanks shall be fabricated from corrosion tanks. resistant materials,coated or provided with corrosion protection. 7902.1.8.23 Pressure limitations for tanks. Tanks shall be de- 7902.1.9 Additional requirements for protected aboveground signed for the pressures to which they are subjected as follows: tanks. 1. Atmospheric tanks shall not exceed operating pressures of 7902.1.9.1 General.The installation of protected aboveground 1 psig(6.89 kPa)and shall not exceed 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa)under tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7902.1.9. emergency venting conditions.Such tanks shall not be used for the storage of a liquid at a temperature at or above its boiling point, 7902.1.9.2 Tank construction.The construction of a protected aboveground tank and its primary tank shall be in accordance with 2. Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels are allowed to be Section 7902.1.8.2.1. used as atmospheric tanks, 7902.1.9.3 Normal and emergency venting.Normal and emer- 3. Pressure vessels are allowed to be used as low-pressure gency venting for protected aboveground tanks shall be provided tanks, in accordance with Sections 7902.1.11 and 7902.2.6.The vent ca- 4. The normal operating pressure of any tank or pressure vessel pacity reduction factor as provided for in Section 7902.2.6.3.4 shall not exceed the design pressure,and shall not be allowed. 5. Unless otherwise approved,fired and unfired pressure ves- 7902.1.9A Flame arresters.Approved flame arresters or pres- sels shall be designed and constructed in accordance with nation- sure-vacuum breather valves shall be installed in normal vents. 1-176 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 79 7902.1.8.2.12 7902.1.9.5 Projectile protection.When projectile protection is aboveground tank when the pipe extends below the level of the top required by the chief,the protected aboveground tank shall com- of the tank. ply with the requirements for bullet resistance as specified in Sec- 7902.1.10 Additional requirements for tanks located within tion 7702.3.4.3.See also UFC Standard 79-7,Section 79.702.7.3. below-grade vaults. 7902.1.9.6 Secondary containment. Protected aboveground tanks shall be provided with secondary containment, drainage 7902.1.10.1 General. Storage of flammable or combustible liq- uids in tanks located within below-grade vaults shall be in accor- control or diking in accordance with Section 7901.8 or 7902.2.8. dance with Section 7902.1.10.This section applies only to vaults 7902.1.9.7 Vehicle impact protection.Where subject to vehicu- that are installed completely below grade.The lid of the vault is lar impact, protected aboveground tanks shall be provided with allowed to be at grade level. impact protection in accordance with this section.Protected abo- veground tanks with piping connected to remote dispensers shall 7902.1.10.2 Permits.Permits are required to install and operate a be protected by guard posts or other approved barriers.Protected below-grade vault. See Section 7901.3. aboveground tanks without piping connected to remote dispens- 7902.1.10.3 Storage in vaults.Vaults shall not contain storage ers shall comply with the impact protection requirements of Sec- other than the liquid in the vaulted tank. tion 79.702.7.2 of UFC Standard 79-7 or shall be protected by guard posts or other approved barriers.Where guard posts or other 7902.1.10.4 Location.Vaults shall be located in accordance with approved barriers are provided,they shall be independent of each Section 7902.6.3 for underground tanks. Vaults shall not be lo- protected aboveground tank. cated beneath buildings. Where subject to vehicular impact,piping and electrical con- EXCEPTION: Vaults may be located under weather shelters duit connected to protected aboveground tanks shall be provided constructed in accordance with Section 8003.1.14,and under canopies with impact protection. constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Impact protection provided by guard posts shall be in accor- 7902.1.10.5 Vault construction. dance with Section 8001.11.3. 7902.1.10.5.1 General.Vaults shall be listed in accordance with 7902.1.9.8 Overfill prevention. Protected aboveground tanks nationally recognized standards. (See Article 90, Standard shall not be filled in excess of 90 percent of their capacity. An u.1.18). overfill prevention system shall be provided for each tank.During EXCEPTION:When approved,below-grade vaults are allowed to tank filling operation,the system shall: be constructed on-site,provided that the design is in accordance with the Building Code and that special inspections are conducted to verify 1.Provide an independent means of notifying the person filling structural strength and compliance of the installation with the approved the tank that the fluid level has reached 85 percent of tank capacity design.See UBC Section 1701. by providing an audible or visual alarm signal,providing a tank Installation plans for below-grade vaults that are constructed on site level gage marked at 85 percent of tank capacity, or other ap- shall be prepared by and the design shall bear the stamp of a profession- proved means,and al engineer.Consideration shall be given to soil and hydrostatic loading on the floors,walls and lid;anticipated seismic forces, uplifting by 2.Automatically shut off the flow of fuel to the tank when the groundwater or flooding,and to loads imposed from above such as traf- quantity of liquid in the tank reaches 90 percent of tank capacity. fic and equipment loading on the vault lid. For rigid hose fuel-delivery systems,an approved means shall be Adjacent vaults may share a common wall.The common wall shall provided to empty the fill hose into the tank after the automatic be liquid and vapor tight and shall be designed to withstand the load Shutoff device is activated. imposed when the vault on either side of the wall is filled with water. A permanent sign shall be provided at the fill point for the tank 7902.1.10.5.2 Materials.Vaults shall be constructed of noncom- documenting the filling procedure and the tank calibration chart. bustible materials. The filling procedure shall require the person filling the tank to de- EXCEPTION:Joint seals and waterproofing materials.Vault mate- termine the gallonage required to fill it to 90 percent of capacity rials shall be compatible with liquids stored in tanks. before commencing the fill operation. 7902.1.10.5.3 Enclosure.Vaults shall form a complete enclosure. 7902.1.9.9 Fill pipe connections.The fill pipe shall be provided The walls,floors and lid shall be liquid tight. There shall be no with a means for making a direct connection to the tank vehicle's backfill around the tank or within the vault.The floor shall drain to fuel-delivery hose so that the delivery of fuel is not exposed to the a sump. open air during the filling operation.Where any portion of the fill 7902.1.10.5.4 Arrangement.Each vault shall contain only one pipe exterior to the tank extends below the level of the top of the tank. Compartmentalized tanks are allowed and shall be consid- tank,a check valve shall be installed in the fill pipe not more than ered as a single tank. 12 inches(304.8 mm)from the fill hose connection.See Section 7901.11.4 for tank valves. 7902.1.10.5.5 Liquid removal.Vaults shall be provided with an 7902.1.9.10 Spill containers.A spill container having a capacity approved means for the removal of liquid.When provided,pumps of not less than 5 gallons(18.9 L)shall be provided for each fill shall be listed for use with flammable and combustible liquids and connection.For tanks with a top fill connection, spill containers shall be properly grounded. A single pump is allowed to serve shall be noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and multiple vaults. Pumps are not required to be permanently equipped with a manual drain valve that drains into the primary installed. tank.For tanks with a remote fill connection,a portable spill con- 7902.1.10.5.6 Accessway. Each vault shall be accessible by at tainer shall be provided. least one approved personnel accessway with a minimum dimen- 7902.1.9.11 Tank openings.Tank openings in protected above- sion of 30 inches(762 mm)and with a permanently affixed non- ground tanks shall be through the top only. ferrous ladder. Accessways shall be designed to be nonsparking. Each entry point shall be secured against unauthorized entry. 7902.1.9.12 Antisiphon devices.Approved antisiphon devices Travel distance from any point inside a vault to an accessway shall shall be installed in each external pipe connected to the protected not exceed 20 feet(6096 mm). 1-177 ARTICLE 79 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.1.13.4 7902.1.10.5.7 Electrical classification. The space within any tanks or at an approved location. Activation of vapor detection vault storing Class I or II liquids in a tank shall be classified in ac- systems shall also shut-off dispenser pumps. cordance with the Electrical Code. 7902.1.10.8.3 Maintenance and testing. Vapor- and liquid- 7902.1.10.5.8 Capacity.The maximum capacity of an individual detection systems shall be maintained and tested in accordance tank storing Class I or H liquids shall be 15,000 gallons(56 781 L). with Article 10. 7902.1.10.6 Ventilation. 7902.1.10.9 Dispensing systems.Dispensing systems shall be in 7902.1.10.6.1 Class I liquids. Vaults containing tanks storing accordance with Articles 52 and 79. Dispensing devices are al- lowed to be installed on tops of vaults. Class I liquids shall have a ventilation system installed in accor- dance with Section 8003.1.The ventilation system shall operate 7902.1.10.10 Fire suppression and water-supply system. continuously or shall be designed to operate upon activation of the vapor-and liquid-detection system.The system shall provide ven- 7902.1.10.10.1 General.Fire-suppression equipment and water tilation at a rate of 1 cfm per square foot(5.1 L/s per m2),but in no supply shall be in accordance with Articles 9 and 10 and Section case less than 150 cfm(762 L/s per m2).A means of manually con- 7902.1.10.10. trolling the ventilation system shall be installed at an approved EXCEPTION:when an adequate public water supply is not avail- location. able,an approved fire-protection plan shall be provided.The plan shall consider the conditions on the site; water supply, including hydrant 7902.1.10.6.2 Class 11 and Class III-A liquids.Vaults containing location and fire flow;size of the largest vault and tank to be protected; tanks storing Class H and Class I11-A liquids shall be provided the liquid stored;exposure hazards,response time and capabilities of with an approved means to ventilate the interior and to remove va- the local fire department,and other conditions that are present or that pors. may be required by the chief. 7902.1.10.10.2 Fire protection. Each vault shall be provided 7902.1.10.6.3 Arrangement.Ventilation equipment shall not re- with an approved automatic or manual means of applying a fire- strict the personnel accessway. suppression agent to the interior of the vault. 7902.1.10.7 Tanks and piping. 7902.1.10.11 Signs. Signs shall be in accordance with Section 7902.1.10.7.1 General.Tanks shall be listed for aboveground use. 7901.9. In addition, each vault installation storing Class 1, II or Tanks and piping shall be designed and installed in accordance III-A liquids shall have a label or placard above grade identifying with Article 79 and Section 7902.1.10.7. the material stored in each vault in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3.At each accessway into a vault,signs shall be posted indicat- 7902.1.10.7.2 Clearance.Clearance around tanks shall be ade- ing the need for procedures for safe entry into confined spaces. quate to allow for visual inspection and maintenance and shall be approved. 7902.1.11 Inspection, repair, alteration or reconstruction of tanks and piping. The inspection, repair, alteration or recon- 7902.1.10.7.3 Emergency vents. Vapor-tight pressure-vacuum- struction, including welding, cutting and hot tapping, of above- style emergency vents shall be provided and shall discharge inside ground storage tanks and piping that have been placed in service the vault. shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards. See EXCEPTION:Emergency vents are allowed to discharge to the ex- Article 90,Standards a.3.7,a.3.14 and a.3.18. tenor of the vault when the tank served by the vent is designed to with- stand the pressure created if the emergency vent pipe fills with liquid. 7902.1.12 Seismic design. In areas subject to earthquakes,the tank supports and connections shall be designed to resist damage 7902.1.10.7.4 Normal vents.Normal tank vent piping shall ter- as a result of seismic activity in accordance with the Building minate 12 feet(3658 mm)above grade. Code. 7902.1.10.7.5 Anchors.Tanks shall be suitably anchored to with- 7902.1.13 Tank vents for normal venting. stand uplifting due to flooding. 7902.1.13.1 General. Tank vents for normal venting shall be 7902.1.10.7.6 Piping,valves and fittings.Piping,valves and fit- installed and maintained in accordance with Section 7902.1.13. tings shall be in accordance with Section 7901.11. See Section 7902.2.6 for emergency vents. 7902.1.10.7.7 Overfill protection. Overfill protection shall be 7902.1.13.2 Vent lines. Vent lines from tanks shall not be used provided in accordance with Section 7902.6.5. The use of a float for purposes other than venting unless approved. vent valve shall be prohibited. 7902.1.13.3 Vent line flame arresters and venting de- 7902.1.10.8 Monitoring and detection. vices. Vent line flame arresters and venting devices shall be 7902.1.10.8.1 General. Vaults shall be provided with approved installed in accordance with their listings. vapor-and liquid-detection systems and equipped with on-site au- Use of flame arresters in piping systems shall be in accordance dible and visual warning devices with battery back-up. Vapor- with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Stand- detection systems shall sound an alarm when the system detects and a.3.17. vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit of the liquid stored.Vapor detectors shall be located no higher than 7902.1.13.4 Vent pipe outlets. Vent pipe outlets for tanks stor- 12 inches(304.8 mm)above the lowest point in the vault.Liquid- ing Class I,H,or III-A liquids shall be located such that the vapors detection systems shall sound an alarm upon detection of any liq- are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than uid, including water. Liquid detectors shall be located in 12 feet(3658 mm)above the adjacent ground level. Vapors shall accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. be discharged upward or horizontally away from closely adjacent walls to assist in vapor dispersion. Vent outlets shall be located 7902.1.10.8.2 Alarm signal.Activation of either vapor-or liquid- such that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other detection systems shall cause a signal to be sounded at an ap- obstructions and shall be at least 5 feet(1524 mm)from building proved,constantly attended location within the facility serving the openings or property lines of properties that can be built on. 1-178 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.1.13.5 7902.1.13.9.5 7902.1.13.5 Installation of vent piping. Vent piping shall be equipped with venting devices which shall be normally closed ex- constructed in accordance with Section 7901.11.Vent pipes shall cept when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions,or with be installed such that they will drain toward the tank without sags listed flame arresters. or traps in which liquid can collect.Vent pipes shall be installed in EXCEPTIONS: 1.Tanks of 3,000-barrel(476 960 L)capacity or such a manner as to not be subject to physical damage or vibration. less containing crude petroleum in crude producing areas are allowed 7902.1.13.6 Manifolding. Tank vent piping shall not be man- to have open vents. 2• outside aboveground atmospheric tanks under 1,000-gallon ifolded unless required for special purposes such as vapor recov- (3785 L)capacity are allowed to have open vents. ery,vapor conservation or air pollution control.Manifolded vent 3.Flame arresters or venting devices with integral flame arresters pipes shall be adequately sized to prevent system pressure limits need not be provided for Class I-B and I-C liquids where conditions are from being exceeded when manifolded tanks are subject to the such that their use could,in case of obstruction,result in tank damage. same fire exposure. Liquid properties justifying the omission of such devices include, Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be man- but are not limited to,condensation,corrosiveness,crystallization,po- ifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II or III liquids un- lymerization,freezing or plugging.When any of these conditions exist, less positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I consideration shall be given to heating,use of devices employing spe- cial materials of construction,the use of liquid seals or inerting in ac- liquids from entering tanks storing Class 11 or III liquids,to pre- cordance with nationally recognized standards for vent contamination and possible change in classification of the explosion-prevention systems.See Section 101.3. less volatile liquid. 4.Vent pipes 2 inches(50.8 mm)or less in nominal inside diameter and longer than 10 feet(3048 mm)are allowed to have open vents. 7902.1.13.7 Vent Sizing. Tank venting systems shall be pro- 5.Tanks storing gasoline are allowed to have open vents provided vided with sufficient capacity to prevent blowback of vapor or liq- the vent pipes do not exceed a 3-inch(76.2 mm)nominal inside diame- uid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled. Vent pipes ter. shall not be less than 11/4-inch(31.8 mm)nominal inside diameter. The capacity of the vent shall be based on the filling or withdrawal 7902.1.13.9 Additional requirements for underground tanks. rate, whichever is greater,and the vent line length. Unrestricted 7902.1.13.9.1 General. Tank-venting systems located on un- vent piping sized in accordance with Table 7902.1-B is acceptable derground tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7902.1.13.9. to prevent back-pressure development in tanks from exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa). Where tank-venting devices are installed in 7902.1.13.9.2 Vent pipes,outlets and devices. Vent pipes shall vent lines,their flow capacities shall be determined in accordance not be obstructed by devices provided for vapor recovery or other with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Stand- purposes unless the tank and associated piping and equipment are and a.3.11. otherwise protected to limit back-pressure development to less than the maximum working pressure of the tank and equipment by 7902.1.13.8 Additional requirements for aboveground tanks. providing pressure/vacuum vents, rupture discs or other tank- 7902.1.13.8.1 General. Atmospheric storage tanks shall be ade- venting devices installed in the tank vent lines. Vent outlets and quately vented to prevent the development of vacuum or pressure devices shall be protected to minimize the possibility of blockage sufficient to distort the roof of a cone roof tank or exceed the de- from weather,snow,dirt or insect nests. sign pressure in the case of other atmospheric tanks as a result of 7902.1.13.9.3 Tanks containing Class I liquids. Tanks con- filling or emptying and atmospheric temperature changes. taining Class I-A liquids shall be equipped with pressure/vacuum Normal vents shall be sized in accordance with nationally rec- venting devices with integral flame arresters which shall be nor- ognized engineering standards or shall be at least as large as the mally closed except when venting under pressure or vacuum con- filling or withdrawal connection,whichever is larger,but not less ditions. Tanks storing Class I-B or I-C liquids shall be equipped than 11/4-inch(31.8 mm)nominal inside diameter. See Article 90, with pressure/vacuum venting devices or with listed flame arrest- Standard a.3.11. ers. If a tank or pressure vessel has more than one fill or withdrawal EXCEPTIONS: 1.Vent pipes 2 inches(50.8 mm)or less in nomi- connection and simultaneous filling or withdrawal can be made, nal inside diameter and longer than 10 feet(3048 mm)shall not be ob- structed by devices that will reduce their capacity and, thus,cause the vent size shall be based on the maximum anticipated simulta- extensive back pressure. neous flow. 2.Tanks storing gasoline are not required to have pressure/vacuum 7902.1.13.8.2 Low-pressure tanks and pressure vessels. Low- venting devices except as required for excessive back pressure, or flame arresters,provided the vent does not exceed a 3-inch(76.2 mm) pressure tanks and pressure vessels shall be adequately vented to nominal inside diameter. prevent pressure or vacuum from exceeding the design pressure of the tank or vessel as a result of filling or emptying and atmospheric 7902.1.13.9.4 Condensate tanks. Condensate tanks,if utilized, temperature changes.Protection shall also be provided to prevent shall be installed and maintained in a manner which will preclude over pressure from pumps discharging into the tank or vessel the blocking of the vapor-return piping by liquid. Condensate when the pump discharge pressure can exceed the design pressure tanks shall be located such that they will not be subjected to physi- of the tank or vessel. cal damage.The vent pipe shall enter the tank through the top of the tank.The lower end of vent pipes shall not extend into the tank 7902.1.13.8.3 Vent outlets and drains. For tanks designed to more than I inch(25.4 mm). vent at pressures greater than 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa),vent outlets and drains shall discharge in a manner which prevents localized over- 7902.1.13.9.5 Manifolding. Manifolded vent pipes shall he ad- heating of or flame impingement on any part of the tank. equately sized to prevent system pressure limits from being ex- ceeded when manifolded tanks are filled simultaneously. 7902.1.13.8.4 Tanks and pressure vessels containing Class I Float-type check valves installed in tank openings connected to liquids. Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class I-A liquids shall manifold vent piping to prevent product contamination are al- be equipped with venting devices which shall normally be closed, lowed,provided that the static head imposed at the bottom of the except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions.Tanks tank will not exceed 10 psig(68.9 kPa)if the fill or vent pipe is and pressure vessels storing Class I-B or I-C liquids shall be filled with liquid when the valves are closed. 1-179 7902.1.13.9.5 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.1.16 EXCEPTION:For motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations,the ca- 7902.1.15.1.4 Overflow protection. Tanks storing Class I, I1 pacity of manifolded vent piping shall be sufficient to discharge vapors and III-A liquids inside buildings shall be equipped with a device generated when two manifolded tanks are simultaneously filled. or other means to prevent overflow into the building.Suitable de- 7902.1.14 Tank vents for emergency venting. vices include,but are not limited to,a float valve,a preset meter on the fill line,a valve actuated by the weight of the tank contents,a 7902.1.14.1 Stationary aboveground tanks. Stationary above- low head pump which is incapable of producing overflow or a liq- ground tanks shall be provided with emergency venting. For re- uid-tight overflow pipe at least one pipe size larger than the fill quirements, see Section 7902.2.6. pipe discharging by gravity back to the outside source of liquid or 7902.1.14.2 Portable tanks. Portable tanks shall be provided to an approved location. with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emer- 7902.1.15.1.5 Piping,valves and fittings. Connections,fittings gency venting capacity to limit internal pressure under fire-expo- and other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Sec- sure conditions to 10 psig(68.9 kPa)or 30 percent of the bursting tion 7901.11. pressure of the tank,whichever is greater.The total venting capac- 7902.1.15.1.6 Manual gaging. Openings for manual gaging,if ity shall not be less than that specified in Sections 7902.2.6.3.1 and independent of the fill pipe,shall be provided with a liquid-tight 7902.2.6.3.3. At least one pressure-actuated vent having a mini- cap or cover.Covers shall be kept closed when not gaging. If in- mum capacity of 6,000 cubic feet(169.9 m3)of free air per hour at side a building, such openings hall be protected against liquid 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)and 60°F(15.6°C)shall be used. It shall be overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring-loaded set to open at not less than 5 psig(34.5 kPa). If fusible vents are check valve or other approved device. used,they shall be actuated by elements that operate at a tempera- ture not exceeding 300°F(148.9°C).When used for paints,drying 7902.1.15.2 Underground. oils and similar materials where plugging of the pressure-actuated 7902.1.15.2.1 Piping,valves and fittings. Connections,fittings vent can occur,fusible vents or vents of the type that soften to fail- and other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Sec- ure at a maximum of 300°F(148.9°C)under fire exposure are al- tion 7901.11. lowed for the entire emergency venting requirement. 7902.1.15.2.2 Manual gaging. Openings for manual gaging,if 7902.1.15 Tank openings other than vents. independent of the fill pipe,shall be provided with a liquid-tight 7902.1.15.1 Inside buildings. cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not gaging.If in- side a building, such openings shall be protected against liquid 7902.1.15.1.1 General. Connections for tank openings shall be overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring-loaded liquid tight. Openings to tanks shall be located outside of build- check valve or other approved device. ings at a location free from sources of ignition and not less than 10 7902.1.15.2.3 Fill pipe and discharge lines. Fill pipe and dis- feet(3048 mm)away from building openings or of lines of proper- charge lines shall enter tanks only through the top.Fill lines shall ty that can be built on.Such openings shall be provided with a liq- be sloped toward the tank.Underground tanks for Class I liquids uid-tight cap which shall be closed when not in use and shall be having a capacity of more than 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be properly identified. equipped with a tight fill device for connecting the fill hose to the For top-loaded tanks,a metallic fill pipe shall be designed and tank. installed to minimize the generation of static electricity by termi- Overfill protection shall be provided in accordance with Sec- nating the pipe within 6 inches (152.4 mm)of the bottom of the tion 7902.6.5. tank,and it shall be installed in a manner which avoids excessive For Class I liquids other than crude oil,gasoline and asphalt,the vibration. fill pipe shall be designed and installed in a manner which will 7902.1.15.1.2 Vapor recovery. Tank openings provided for the minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by termi- purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected against possible va- nating within 6 inches(152.4 mm)of the bottom of the tank. por release by means of a spring-loaded check valve or dry-break 7902.1.15.2A Location of connections that are made or bro- connections,or other approved device,unless the opening is pipe ken. Filling, withdrawal and vapor-recovery connections for connected to a vapor-processing system. Openings designed for Class I,11 and I11-A liquids which are made and broken shall be combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against located outside of buildings at a location away from sources of vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line to the ignition and not less than 5 feet (1524 mm)away from building fill pipe simultaneously connects the vapor-recovery line. Con- openings.Such connections shall be closed and liquid tight when nections shall be vapor tight. not in use and shall be properly identified. 7902.1.15.1.3 Valves for tank connections. Connections to 7902.1.15.2.5 Protection against vapor release. Tank open- tanks inside of buildings through which liquid can normally flow ings provided for purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected shall be provided with an internal or an external valve located as against possible vapor release by means of a spring-loaded check close as practical to the shell of the tank. valve or drybreak connection,or other approved device,unless the For connections to tanks containing Class I or H liquids inside of opening is pipe-connected to a vapor-processing system. Open- buildings,such valve or an additional adjacent valve shall be ei- ings designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against vapor release unless connection of the liquid de- ther: livery line to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the vapor-re- I. Normally closed and remotely activated, covery line. Connections shall be vapor tight. 2. Automatic-closing and heat-activated, or 7902.1.15.3 Exterior aboveground. Openings for manual gag- 3. As an alternate to valving an approved device on each liquid- ing on tanks storing Class I liquids shall be provided with a vapor- transfer connection below the liquid level,except for connections tight cap or cover. Such covers shall be closed when not gaging. used for emergency disposal,to provide for quick cutoff of flow in See also Section 7902.2.7. the event of fire in the vicinity of the tank is allowed. 7902.1.16 Supports,foundations and anchorage. 1-180 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.1.16.1 7902.2.3.3 7902.1.16.1 General. Supports,foundations and anchorage for 2. Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids.See aboveground tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7902.1.16. Sections 7902.2.2.4 and 7902.2.2.5. 7902.1.16.2 Tanks at grade. Tanks shall rest on the ground or on 7902.2.2.3 Location of tanks with pressures exceeding 2.5 psig foundations made of concrete, masonry, piling or steel. Tank (17.2 kPa). Aboveground tanks for the storage of Class I,II or foundations shall be designed to minimize the possibility of un III-A liquids operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa) even settling of the tank and to minimize corrosion in any part of 2. equipped with emergency venting allowing pressures exceed the tank resting on the foundation. 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) shall be located in accordance e with Table 7902.2-B. 7902.1.16.3 Tanks above grade. Tanks shall be securely sup- EXCEPTION:Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable ported. Supports for tanks storing Class I,II or III-A liquids shall liquids.See Sections 7902.2.2.4 and 7902.2.2.5. be of concrete, masonry or protected steel. Single wood timber 7902.2.2.4 Location of tanks for boilover liquids. Above- supports, not cribbing, laid horizontally, are allowed for outside ground tanks for storage of liquids with boilover characteristics aboveground tanks when the bottom of the tank is not more than shall be located in accordance with Table 7902.2-C. 12 inches(304.8 mm)above grade. 7902.2.2.5 Location of tanks for unstable liquids. Above- 7902.1.16.4 Fire protection of supports. Supports or pilings for ground tanks for the storage of unstable liquids shall be located in aboveground tanks storing Class 1, II or III-A liquids elevated accordance with Table 7902.2-D. more than 12 inches(304.8 mm)above grade shall be designed to resist a hydrocarbon pool fire exposure for not less than two hours 7902.2.2.6 Location of tanks for Class III-B liquids. Above- as determined by testing conducted in accordance with,or by an ground tanks for the storage of Class III-B liquids,excluding un- engineering analysis based on the fire exposure and test proce- stable liquids,shall be located in accordance with Table 7902.2-E, dures specified in nationally recognized standards. See Section except when located within a diked area or drainage path for a tank 9003,Standard a.4.16. or tanks storing Class I or R liquids.When a Class III-B liquid stor- EXCEPTIONS: 1.Structural supports tested as part of a protected age tank is within the diked area or drainage path for a Class I or II aboveground tank in accordance with UFC Standard 79-7. liquid, distances required by Section 7902.2.2.2 shall apply. 2.Stationary tanks located outside of buildings when protected by 7902.2.2.7 Reduction of separation distances to adjacent an approved water-spray system designed in accordance with UFC property. Where two tank properties of diverse ownership have a Standard 79-2. common boundary,the chief is authorized to,with the written con - 3.Stationary tanks located inside of buildings protected by an ap- sent of the owners of the two properties, apply the distances in proved automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance with Sec- Sections 7902.2.2.2 through 7902.2.2.6 assuming a single proper- tion 9002,Standard 10-3. ty. 7902.1.16.5 Design of supports. The design of the supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance with well-established 7902.2.3 Separation and orientation of tanks. engineering principles of mechanics and shall be in accordance 7902.2.3.1 Separation between adjacent tanks containing with the Building Code. stable liquids. The separation between tanks containing stable 7902.1.17 Stairs, platforms and walkways. Stairs, platforms liquids shall be in accordance with Table 7902.2-G.When tanks and walkways shall be of noncombustible construction and shall are in a diked area containing Class I or II liquids,or in the drain- be designed and constructed in accordance with the Building age path of Class I or II liquids,and are compacted in three or more Code. rows or in an irregular pattern,the chief is authorized to require greater separation than that specified in Table 7902.2-G or other 7902.2 Stationary Aboveground Tanks and Protected Above- means to make tanks in the interior of the pattern accessible for ground Tanks Located Outside of Buildings. firefighting purposes. 7902.2.1 General. Stationary aboveground tanks located out- 7902.2.3.2 Separation between adjacent tanks containing un- side of buildings shall be in accordance with Sections 7902.1 and stable liquids. The separation between tanks containing unstable 7902.2.For the purpose of Section 7902.2,when the term"tank"is liquids shall not be less than one half the sum of their diameters. used,it shall also include protected aboveground tank. 7902.2.3.3 Separation between adjacent tanks containing 7902.2.2 Tank locations. flammable or combustible liquids and LP-gas. The minimum horizontal separation between an LP-gas container and a Class I, 7902.2.2.1 Locations where aboveground tanks are prohib- II or III-A liquid storage tank shall be 20 feet(6096 mm)except in ited. Storage of Class I and II liquids in aboveground tanks out- the case of Class 1,II or III-A liquid tanks operating at pressures side of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law exceeding 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa)or equipped with emergency yent- as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited. (See ing allowing pressures to exceed 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa),in which case sample adoption ordinance,Section 4.) the provisions of Section 7902.2.3.1 shall apply. 7902.2.2.2 Location of tanks with pressures 2.5 psig (17.2 Suitable means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of kPa)or less. Aboveground tanks operating at pressures not ex- Class I,II or III-A liquids under adjacent LP-gas containers such ceeding 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa)for storage of Class I,II or III-A liq- as by dikes,diversion curbs or grading.When flammable or com- uids, which are designed with a weak roof-to-shell seam bustible liquid storage tanks are within a diked area,the LP-gas or equipped with emergency venting devices limiting pressures containers shall be outside the diked area and at least 10 feet(3048 to 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), shall be located in accordance with mm)away from the center line of the wall of the diked area. Table 7902.2-A. EXCEPTIONS:1.Liquefied petroleum gas containers of 125-gal- EXCEPTIONS:1.Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to-shell seam Ion(473 L)or less capacity installed adjacent to fuel-oil supply tanks and storing Class III-A liquids are allowed to be located at one half the of 660-gallon(2498 L)or less capacity. distances specified in Table 7902.2-A,provided that the tanks are not 2.Horizontal separation is not required between aboveground LP- within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or II liq- gas containers and underground flammable and combustible liquid uids. tanks. 1-181 7902.2.3.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.2.6.3.4 7902.2.3.4 Orientation of horizontal pressure tanks. Where 7902.2.6.2 Type of venting device. Aboveground storage tanks end failure of horizontal pressure tanks and vessels can expose shall be provided with construction or devices that will relieve ex- property,the tank shall be placed with the longitudinal axis paral- cessive internal pressure caused by exposure fires. lel to the nearest important exposure. Construction methods such as floating roofs,lifter roofs,weak 7902.2.4 Foam fire protection. roof-to-shell seams or other approved pressure-relieving construction are allowed as methods providing emergency relief 7902.2.4.1 Required systems. When required by the chief, venting. Weak roof-to-shell seams shall be constructed to fail be- foam fire protection shall be provided for aboveground tanks,oth- fore any other seam. er than pressure tanks operating at or above 1 psig (6.89 kPa), Devices such as self-closing manhole covers,covers using long when such tank,or group of tanks spaced less than 50 feet(15 240 bolts that allow the cover to lift under internal pressure,an addi- mm)apart measured shell to shell,2has a liquid surface area in ex- tional or larger relief valve or valves or rupture disks are allowed ex- cess of 1,500 square feet(139.4 m ),and is for emergency relief venting. Such devices shall be approved. 1. Used for the storage of Class I or II liquids, 7902.2.6.3 Venting sizing. 2. Used for storage of crude oil, 7902.2.6.3.1 General. Where emergency relief venting is pro- 3. Used for in-process products and is located within 100 feet vided solely by pressure-relieving devices, the total venting ca- (30 480 mm)of a fired still,heater,related fractioning or process- pacity of both normal and emergency vents shall be enough to ing apparatus or similar device at a processing plant or petroleum prevent rupture of the shell or bottom of the tank,if vertical,or of refinery as herein defined,or the shell or heads,if horizontal.If unstable liquids are stored,the 4. Considered by the chief as presenting an unusual exposure effects of heat or gas resulting from polymerization,decomposi- hazard because of topographical conditions;nature of occupancy, tion,condensation or self-reactivity shall be taken into account. proximity on the same or adjoining property,and height and char- The total capacity of both normal and emergency venting de- acter of liquids to be stored;and degree of private fire protection to vices shall not be less than that derived from Table 7902.2-H,ex- be provided and facilities of the fire department to cope with flam- cept as provided in Sections 7902.2.6.3.3 and 7902.2.6.3.4. The mable liquid fires. wetted area of the tank shall be calculated on the basis of 55 per- 7902.2.4.2 Installation. Where foam fire protection is required, cent of the total exposed area of a sphere or spheroid,75 percent of installation shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 79-1. the total exposed area of a horizontal tank and the first 30 feet (9144 mm)above grade of the exposed shell area of a vertical tank. 7902.2.4.3 Foam storage. Where foam fire protection is re- See Appendix VI-B for the square footage of typical tank sizes. quired,foam-producing materials shall be stored on the premises. 7902.2.6.3.2 Tanks and storage vessels over 1 psig(6.89 kPa). EXCEPTION:Storage of foam-producing materials off the prem- For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressures over 1 psig ises is allowed as follows: (6.89 kPa),the total rate of venting shall be determined in accor- 1.Such materials stored off the premises shall be of the proper type dance with Table 7902.2-H,except that when the exposed wetted suitable for use with the equipment at the installation where required, area of the surface is greater than 2,800 square feet(260.1 m2),the 2.Such materials shall be immediately available at the storage loca- total rate of venting shall be in accordance with Table 7902.2-I or tion at all times, calculated by the following formula: 3.Adequate loading and transportation facilities shall be provided, 4.The time required to deliver such materials to the required loca- CFH= 1,107A0-82 tion in the event of fire shall not exceed two hours,and For SI• CMH=220 A0.82 5.At the time of a fire,these off-premises supplies shall be accumu- WHERE: lated in sufficient quantities before placing the equipment in operation to ensure foam production at an adequate rate without interruption until A = exposed wetted surface,in square feet(m). extinguishment is accomplished. CFH = venting requirement, in cubic feet of free air per hour 7902.25 Inerting of tanks with boilover liquids. Liquids with (CMH=m3/hr). boilover characteristics shall not be stored in fixed roof tanks larg- The foregoing formula is based on Q=21,000A0•82(For SI:Q= er than 150 feet(45 720 mm)in diameter unless an approved inert- 43,198 A0•$2). ing system is provided on the tank. 7902.2.6.3.3 Emergency relief vents. The total emergency re- 7902.2.6 Emergency relief venting for stationary tanks. lief venting capacity for a specific stable liquid can be determined by the following formula: 7902.2.6.1 General. Stationary tanks shall be provided with ad 1,337 V equate additional venting that will relieve excessive internal pres- CFH = sure caused by exposure to fires. Such venting shall also be L JM provided for each compartment of a compartmented tank,the in- 743.4 V terstitial space of a secondary containment-type tank,and the en- For SI: CMH = closed space of closed-top dike tank construction. Enclosed L spaces, such as those intended for insulation, membranes, or WHERE: weather shields,which can contain liquid because of a leak from CFH = venting requirement, in cubic feet of free air per hour the primary vessel, shall also comply with the venting require- (CMH=m3/hr). ment. L = latent heat of vaporization of specific liquid,in Btus per EXCEPTION:Tanks larger than 12,000-gallon(45 420 L)capac- pound(cal/g). ity storing Class III-B liquids and not within the diked area or the drain- age path of Class I or II liquids do not require emergency relief venting. M = molecular weigh[Of specific liquids. V = cubic feet(m3)of free air per hour from Table 7902.2-H. Emergency relief vents shall not be modified, obstructed or otherwise altered such that the required area of opening for the re- 7902.2.6.3.4 Reductions in required venting for stable liq- quired flow rate is reduced. uids. For tanks,other than protected aboveground tanks,contain- 1-182 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 79 7902.2.8.1 ing stable liquids, a reduction in the required airflow rate in Pa = the absolute atmospheric pressure outside the tank in Sections 7902.2.6.3.1 and 7902.2.6.3.3 is allowed.Such reduction inches of water(kPa). shall be calculated by multiplying the required airflow rate in Sec- Pt = the absolute pressure inside the tank in inches of water tion 7902.2.6.3.1 or 7902.2.6.3.3 by the appropriate factor listed (kpa) in the following schedule when protection is provided as indi cated. Only one factor can be used for any one tank. 7902.2.6.5 Termination of vent outlets. 1. 0.5 For drainage in accordance with requirements for re- 7902.2.6.5.1 General. Emergency vents shall not discharge in- mote impounding in Section 7902.2.8.3 for tanks over side a building. 200 square feet(18.6 m2)of wetted area. EXCEPTION:Emergency vents for stationary atmospheric tanks 2. 0.3 For water spray in accordance with UFC Standard 79-2 containing Class III-B liquids. and drainage in accordance with requirements for re- 7902.2.6.5.2 Tanks with pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 mote impounding in Section 7902.2.8.3. kPa). The outlets of vents and vent drains on tanks equipped with emergency venting that allows pressures to exceed 2.5 psig(17.2 3. 0.3 For insulation in accordance with the following: kPa) shall be arranged to discharge in a manner which prevents 3.1 Remain in place under fire-exposure conditions, localized overheating of,or flame impingement on,any part of the tank if vapors from such vents are ignited. 3.2 Withstand dislodgement when subjected to hose stream im- 7902.2.7 Tank openings other than vents. pingement during fire exposure,and EXCEPTION:The requirement may be waived by the chief where 7902.2.7.1 General. Connections to aboveground tanks use of solid hose streams is not contemplated or would not be practical. through which liquid can normally flow shall be provided with in- 3.3 Maintain a maximum conductance value of 4 Buis per hour temal or external valves located as close as practical to the shell of per square foot per degree Fahrenheit [81.8 kJ/(hr x m2 x the tank. See also Section 7902.1.15. °C)]when the outer insulation jacket or cover is at a temper- Connections below the liquid level through which liquid does ature of 1,660°F(904°C)and when the mean temperature of not normally flow shall be provided with a liquid-tight closure, the insulation is 1,000°F(538°C). such as a valve,plug or blind,or a combination of these. 4. 0.15 For water spray with insulation in accordance with 7902.2.7.2 Fill pipe openings. For top-loaded tanks, metallic UFC Standard 79-2 and drainage in accordance with fill pipes shall be designed and installed to minimize the genera- requirements for remote impounding in Section tion of static electricity by terminating the pipe within 6 inches 7902.2.8.3. (152.4 mm)of the bottom of the tank and shall be installed to avoid excessive vibration. 7902.2.6.4 Venting device capacity. For Class I-B and I-C liquids,other than crude oils and asphalts, 7902.2.6.4.1 Identification. Commercial tank-venting devices fill pipes shall be designed and installed in a manner which mini- shall bear a stamp indicating the opening pressure,the pressure at mizes the possibility of generating static electricity. which the valve reaches the full-open position and the flow capac- Filling and withdrawal connections for Class I,H and III-A liq- ity at the latter pressure.If the start-to-open pressure is less than uids which are made and broken shall be located outside of build- 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa)and the pressure at full-open position is greater ings at a location away from sources of ignition and not less than than 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa),the flow capacity at 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa) 5 feet(1524 mm)away from building openings.Such connections shall also be stamped on the venting device. The flow capacity for any liquid shall be closed, liquid tight when not in use and shall be expressed in cubic feet per hour of air at 60°F and 14.7 psia properly identified. (m3 of air/hr at 15.6°C and 101.3 kPa). 7902.2.7.3 Openings for vapor recovery. Vapor-recovery sys- 7902.2.6.4.2 Determination of capacity. The flow capacity of tems shall be in accordance with Section 5202.13. tank-venting devices under 8 inches (203 mm) in nominal pipe 7902.2.7.4 Piping,valves and fittings. Connections,fittings or size shall be determined by actual test of each type and size of other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Sec- vent. These flow tests shall be conducted by a qualified impartial tion 7901.11. outside agency or by the manufacturer when certified by a quali- fied impartial observer.Calculation of the flow capacity of tank- 7902.2.8 Drainage control and diking. venting devices 8 inches(203 mm)nominal pipe size and larger, 7902.2.8.1 General. For aboveground tanks other than pro- including manhole covets with long bolts or equivalent,is allowed tected aboveground tanks,the area surrounding a tank or group of provided that the opening pressure is actually measured,the rating tanks shall be provided with drainage control or shall be diked to pressure and corresponding free orifice area are stated,the word prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent "calculated" appears on the nameplate, and the computation is tanks, adjoining property or reaching waterways. based on a flow coefficient of 0.5 applied to the rated orifice area. EXCEPTIONS: 1.The chief is authorized to alter or waive these Calculations shall be performed using the following formula: requirements based on a technical report in accordance with Section 103.1.1,which demonstrates that such tank or group of tanks does not CFH = 1.667CfA P� - Pa constitute a hazard to other tanks,waterways or adjoining property,af- ter consideration of special features such as topographical conditions, nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings on the same or adjacent For SI: CMH = 0.1467CfA JP, - Pa property,capacity and construction of proposed tanks and character of WHERE. liquids to be stored,and nature and quantity of private and public fire protection provided. A = the orifice area in Square inches(mm2). 2.Drainage control and diking are not required for listed secondary CFH = venting requirement in cubic feet of free air per hour containment tanks. (CMH=m3/hr). 7902.2.8.2 Protected aboveground tanks. Protected above- Cf = 0.5 (the flow coefficient) ground tanks shall be provided with secondary containment, 1-183 7902.2.8.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.3.3.2 drainage control or diking in accordance with Section 7901.8 or 3. The minimum distance between tanks and the toe of the inte- 7902.2.8 or with secondary containment that is a component of the rior dike walls shall be 5 feet(1524 mm),and diked areas contain- listed protected aboveground tank.The method of monitoring and ing two or more tanks shall comply with Section 7902.2.8.4.4. the capacity of the secondary containment shall be in accordance 7902.2.8.4.4 Diked areas containing two or more with Section 7901.8. Enclosed secondary containment shall be tanks. Diked areas containing two or more tanks shall be subdi- provided with emergency venting. vided by drainage channels leading to an impounding basin or by 7902.2.8.3 Drainage system. Where protection of adjacent intermediate curbs or spill dikes in order to prevent spills from en- tanks,adjoining property or waterways is by means of a natural or dangering adjacent tanks within the diked area. Intermediate constructed drainage system, such system shall comply with the curbs and spill dikes shall not be less than 18 inches(457.2 mm)in following: height. 1. Drainage shall be provided at a slope of not less than 1 per- 7902.2.8.4.5 Protection of piping from exposure fires. Piping cent away from the tank toward an impounding basin or an ap- shall not pass through adjacent diked areas or impounding basins, proved means of disposal. This termination area and the route of unless provided with a sealed sleeve or otherwise protected from the drainage system shall be so located that a fire occurring in the exposure to fire. drainage system will not endanger pumps, manifolds, control 7902.2.8.4.6 Removing water from diked area. Provision valves, electrical equipment, public utilities, fire-protection shall be made for draining or removing excess water from a drain- equipment, tanks, adjoining property or fire apparatus access age system or diked area. Such drains shall not discharge to ad- roads,and joining property, natural water courses,public sewers or public 2. Impounding basins and approved means of disposal shall be drainage channels unless the drain is designed to prevent the re- designed to retain a spill from the largest capacity tank draining lease of flammable or combustible liquids. A valve operable from into a basin plus the design discharge from fire-protection systems outside the dike shall be provided in the dike system and shall nor- including monitor nozzles, as specified in UFC Standard 79-1, mally be kept closed.Control of drainage shall be accessible under Chapter 3, which flow into a basin. Impounding basins and the fire conditions. route of a drainage system shall be located such that a fire occur- ring in a drainage system will not endanger pumps, manifolds, 7902.2.8.4.7 Combustible materials in diked areas. Diked control valves,electrical equipment,public utilities,fire-protec- areas shall be kept free of combustible materials,drums and bar- control equipment,tanks, adjoining properties or fire apparatus ac- cess roads. 7902.2.8.4.8 Equipment, controls and piping in diked 7902.2.8.4 Diked areas. areas. Pumps, manifolds,and fire-protection equipment or con- trols shall not be located within diked areas or drainage basins or in 7902.2.8.4.1 General. Where protection of adjacent tanks,ad- a location where such equipment and controls would be endan- joining property or waterways is accomplished by retaining the gered by fire in the diked area or drainage basin. Piping above- liquid around the tank by means of a diked area,such diked areas ground shall be minimized and located as close as practical to the shall comply with Section 7902.2.8.4. shell of the tank in diked areas or drainage basins. 7902.2.8.4.2 Volumetric capacity. The volumetric capacity of 7902.2.9 Protection from vehicles. When tanks are subject to the diked area shall not be less than the greatest amount of liquid vehicular damage, protection shall be in accordance with Sec- that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area. tion 8001.11.3. The capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall 7902.3 Container and Portable Tank Storage Outside of be calculated by deducting the volume of the tanks other than the Buildings. largest tank below the height of the dike. 7902.3.1 General. Storage of flammable and combustible liq- 7902.2.8.4.3 Walls. Walls of the diked area shall be of earth, uids in closed containers and portable tanks outside of buildings steel,concrete or solid masonry designed to be liquid tight and to shall be in accordance with Sections 7902.1 and 7902.3.See also withstand a full hydrostatic head.Earthen walls 3 feet(914.4 mm) Section 7902.1.8.1 for capacity limits for containers and portable or more in height shall have a flat section at the top not less than tanks. 2 feet (609.6 mm) wide. The slope shall be consistent with the angle of repose of the material of which the walls are constructed. 7902.3.2 Plans. See Section 7901.3.2.Storage shall be in accor- The walls of the diked area shall be restricted to an average dance with approved plans. height of 6 feet(1828.8 mm)above the interior grade,except when 7902.3.3 Location on property. dikes are higher than an average of 6 feet(1828.8 mm)above inte- 7902.3.3.1 General. Outdoor storage of liquids in containers rior grade, provisions shall be made for normal and necessary and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Table 7902.3-A. emergency access to tanks, valves and other equipment and safe Storage of liquids near buildings located on the same property egress from the diked enclosure,as follows: shall be in accordance with Section 7902.3.3. 1. Where the average height of the dike containing Class I liq- When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single uids is over 12 feet(3657.6 mm)measured from interior grade or pile,the quantity in the pile shall not exceed the smallest of maxi- where the distance between a tank and the top inside edge of the mum quantities for the classes of material stored. dike wall is less than the height of the dike wall,provisions shall be made for normal operation of valves and for access to tank roofs Storage of containers or portable tanks shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 902.2. without entering below the top of the dike.These provisions are allowed to be met through the use of remotely operated valves, The storage area shall be protected against tampering or tres- elevated walkways or similar arrangements, passers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris 2. Piping passing through dike walls shall be designed to pre- and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage. vent excessive stresses as a result of settlement or fire exposure, 7902.3.3.2 Storage adjacent to buildings. A maximum of and 1,100 gallons(4163.5 L)of liquids stored in closed containers and 1-184 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.3.3.2 7902.5.7.1 portable tanks is allowed adjacent to a building located on the 7902.4.3 Openings for manual gaging. Openings for manual same premises and under the same management,provided that: gaging,if independent of the fill pipe,shall be provided with a liq- 1. The building does not exceed one story in height. Such uid-tight cover.Covers shall be kept closed when not in use.Such building shall be of fire-resistive construction with noncombus- openings shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible tible exterior surfaces or noncombustible construction and shall vapor release by means of a spring-loaded check valve or other ap- be devoted principally to the storage of liquids,or proved devices. 2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the storage area shall 7902.5 Container and Portable Tank Storage inside Build- have a fire-resistance rating of not less than two hours,having no ings. openings to abovegrade areas within 10 feet(3048 mm)horizon- 7902.5.1 General. tally of such storage and no openings to belowgrade areas within 50 feet(15 240 mm)horizontally of such storage. 7902.5.1.1 Applicability. Storage of flammable and combus- The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in tible liquids inside buildings in drums or other containers and por- accordance with Item 2 is allowed to exceed 1,100 gallons(4163.5 table tanks shall be in accordance with Sections 7902.1 and L),provided that the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 7902.5. 1,100 gallons(4163.5 L)and each pile is separated by a 10-foot- EXCEPTIONS:1.Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles,air- minimum(3048 mm)clear space along the common wall. craft,boats,or portable or stationary engines. 2.The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or Where the quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons(4163.5 L)ad- casks. jacent to a building complying with Item 1,or the provisions of 7902.5.1.2 Fire protection. Item 1 cannot be met,a minimum distance in accordance with the column for distance to property line that can be built on in Table 7902.5.1.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Approved portable 7902.3-A shall be maintained between buildings and the nearest fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with UFC Stan- container or portable tank. dard 10-1,except as specified in Section 7902.5.11.5.2. 7902.3.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Storage 7902.5.1.2.2 Water supply. The water supply shall be sufficient areas shall be provided with spill control and secondary contain- to deliver the specified fire-protection demand,including at least ment as set forth in Section 7901.8. 500 gallons per minute(31.5 Us)for inside and outside hose lines. EXCEPTION:Containers stored on approved containment pallets 7902.5.2 Capacity limits for containers and portable in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.4. tanks. Containers shall not exceed 60 gallons(227.1 L)capacity. 7902.3.5 Security. Storage areas shall be protected against tam- Portable tanks shall not exceed 660 gallons(2498 L)capacity.See pering or trespassers by fencing or other control measures. Section 7902.1.8.1.Tanks exceeding 660 gallons(2498 L)capac- 7902.3.E Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other means ity shall be in accordance with Section 7902.2,7902.4 or 7902.6. shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular 7902.5.3 Empty containers and portable tanks. Empty tanks damage. When guard posts are installed, the posts shall be and containers previously used for the storage of flammable or installed in accordance with Section 8001.11.3. combustible liquids,unless free from explosive vapors, shall be stored as required for filled tanks and containers. 7902.3.7 Clearance from combustibles. The storage area shall Tanks and containers,when emptied, shall have the covers or be kept free of weeds,debris and combustible materials not neces- plugs immediately replaced in openings. sary to the storage.The area surrounding an exterior storage area shall be kept clear of such materials for a minimum distance of 7902.5.4 Incompatible materials. Materials which will react 15 feet(4572 mm). with water or other liquids to produce a hazard shall not be stored 7902.3.8 Weather protection. For weather protection for out- in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids.See also door storage,see Section 8003.1.14. Section 7902.1.6. 7902.3.9 Empty containers and tank storage. The storage of 7902.5.5 Storage near means of egress. Class 1,II or III-A liq- empty tanks and containers previously used for the storage of uids,including stock for sale,shall not be stored near or exit-ac- flammable or combustible liquids,unless free from explosive va- cess doorways, stairways or in a location that would impede pors, shall be stored as required for filled containers and tanks. egress. Tanks and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs 7902.5.6 Shelf storage. immediately replaced in openings. 7902.5.6.1 General. Shelving shall be of substantial construc- 7902.4 Stationary Aboveground Tank Storage inside Build- tion,adequately braced and anchored.For seismic requirements, ings. see the Building Code. 7902.4.1 General. Storage of flammable and combustible liq- 7902.5.6.2 Displacement protection. Shelves shall be of suffi- uids in stationary aboveground tanks inside of buildings shall be in cient depth and provided with a lip or guard to prevent individual accordance with Sections 7902.1 and 7902.4. containers from being easily displaced. 7902.4.2 Where allowed. Stationary tanks for the storage of EXCEPTION:Shelves in storage cabinets or on laboratory furni- ture specifically designed for such use. flammable and combustible liquids shall be in rooms or buildings complying with the Building Code. 7902.5.6.3 Manner of storage. Shelf storage of flammable and Rooms or buildings used for storage of Class I,II or III liquids combustible liquids shall be maintained in an orderly manner. shall be in accordance with Section 7902.5.7. 7902.5.7 Quantity limits for storage. Rooms or buildings used for dispensing,use,mixing and han- 7902.5.7.1 Exempt amounts for control areas. For occupan- dling of Class I,II or III liquids shall be in accordance with Sec- cies other than Group M Occupancy wholesale and retail sales tion 7903.2.1.6. uses,indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall 1-185 7902.5.7.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.5.10.1 not exceed the exempt amounts set forth in Table 7902.5-A and 7902.5.7.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in Sec- areas. Quantities exceeding quantities allowed in control areas tion 7902.5.7.2. set forth in Sections 7902.5.7.1 and 7902.5.7.2 shall be in liquid For Group M Occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses,indoor storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accordance with storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the Sections 7902.5.11 and 7902.5.12. exempt amounts set forth in Table 7902.5-B. 7902.5.8 Special provisions for liquids used for maintenance See Article 51 for storage of hazardous production material and operation of equipment. In all occupancies, quantities of flammable and combustible liquids in Group H,Division 6 Occu- flammable and combustible liquids in excess of 10 gallons(37.85 L)used for maintenance purposes and the operation of equipment panties. shall be stored in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with Sec- 7902.5.7.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits tion 7902.5.9.Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons (37.85 L)are for quantities of stored flammable or combustible liquids shall not allowed to be stored outside of a cabinet when in approved con- be exceeded: tainers located in private garages or other approved locations. 1. Group A Occupancies: In Groups A,B,E,F,I,M,R and S Occupancies,quantities of flammable and combustible liquids used for demonstration,treat- Quantities in Group A Occupancies shall not exceed amounts ment and laboratory work exceeding 10 gallons(37.85 L)shall be necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- stored in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with Section nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed 7902.5.9. Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons(37.85 L)shall be quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. in approved locations. 2. Group B Occupancies: 7902.5.9 Liquid storage cabinets. Quantities in drinking, dining, office and school uses within 7902.5.9.1 General. When other sections of this code require Group B Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for that liquid containers are stored in storage cabinets,such cabinets demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance pur- and storage shall be in accordance with Section 7902.5.9. poses and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. 7902.5.9.2 Quantities. The combined total quantity of all liq- uids in a cabinet shall not exceed 120 gallons(454.2 L). 3. Group E Occupancies: 7902.5.9.3 Construction. Quantities in Group E Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- 7902.5.9.3.1 Labeling. Cabinets shall be provided with a con- nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed spicuous label in red letters on contrasting background which quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. reads FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIRE AWAY. 4. Group F Occupancies: 7902.5.9.3.2 Doors. Doors shall be well fitted,self-closing and Quantities in dining,office and school uses within Group F Oc- equipped with a latch. cupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration, 7902.5.9.3.3 Bottom. The bottom of the cabinet shall be liquid laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation tight to a height of at least 2 inches(50.8 mm). of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in 7902.5.9.3.4 Materials. Cabinets shall be constructed of ap- Table 7902.5-A. proved wood or metal.Cabinets shall be listed or constructed in 5. Group I Occupancies: accordance with the following: Quantities in Group I Occupancies shall not exceed amounts 1. Unlisted metal cabinets shall be constructed of steel having a necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- thickness of not less than 0.044 inch (1.12 mm) (18 gage). The nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed cabinet,including the door,shall be double walled with 11/2-inch quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. (38.1 mm) airspace between the walls.Joints shall be riveted or 6. Group M Occupancies: welded and shall be tightfitting. 2. Unlisted wooden cabinets, including doors, shall be Quantities in dining,office and school uses within Group M Oc- constructed of not less than 1-inch(25.4 mm)exterior grade ply- cupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration, wood.Joints shall be rabbited and shall be fastened in two direc- laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation tions with wood screws. Door hinges shall be of steel or brass. of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Cabinets shall be painted with an intumescent-type paint. Table 7902.5-A. 7902.5.9.4 Number of cabinets. Group A Occupancies shall See Section 7902.5.7.1 for exempt amounts for wholesale and not contain more than one cabinet. retail sales uses. 7902.5.10 Storage in control areas. 7. Group R Occupancies: 7902.5.10.1 General. Storage in control areas shall be in accor- Quantities in Group R Occupancies shall not exceed amounts dance with the following: necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. 1. Class I liquids shall not be stored in basements, 8. Group S Occupancies: 2. Containers having less than 30-gallon (113.6 L) capacity shall not be stacked more than 3 feet(914.4 mm)or two containers Quantities in dining and office uses within Group S Occupan- high, whichever is greater, unless stacked on fixed shelving or ties shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration,labo- otherwise satisfactorily secured.Containers having a capacity of ratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment 30 gallons(113.6 L)or more shall not be stored more than one con- and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7902.5-A. tainer high.Containers shall be stored in an upright position, 1-186 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.5.10.1 7902.5.11.5.2 3. Containers on shelves shall be stored in accordance with stored in a liquid storage room complying with Section 7902.5.11 Table 7902.5-C. Combustible commodities shall not be stored and constructed and separated as required by the Building Code. above flammable or combustible liquids, 7902.5.11.2 Quantities and arrangement of storage. 4. Piles shall not be closer than 3 feet(914.4 mm)to the nearest beam,chord,girder or other obstruction and shall be 3 feet(914.4 7902.5.11.2.1 General. The quantity limits and arrangements of ruin) below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water liquid storage in liquid storage rooms shall be in accordance with spray or other overhead fire-protection systems,and Table 7902.5-D or 7902.5-E and Section 7902.5.11.2. 5. In areas that are not accessible to the public,Class I,II and 7902.5.11.2.2 Mixed storage. When two or more classes of liq- IH-A liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or rack section as uids are stored in a pile or rack section: ordinary combustible commodities unless such materials are 1, The quantity in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest packaged together as kits. of the maximum quantities for the classes of liquids stored in ac- 7902.5.10.2 Group M Occupancy wholesale and retail sales cordance with Table 7902.5-D or 7902.5-E,and uses. 2. The height of storage in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest of the maximum heights for the classes of liquids stored 7902.5.10.2.1 General. Flammable and combustible liquids in in accordance with Table 7902.5-D or 7902.5-E. Group M Occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses shall be in ac- 7902.5.11.2.3 Separation and aisles. Piles shall be separated cordance with Section 7902.5.10.2. from each other by at least 4-foot(1219.2 mm)aisles.Aisles shall 7902.5.10.2.2 Container type. Containers for Class I liquids be provided so that all containers are 12 feet(3657.6 mm)or less shall be metal. from an aisle.Where the storage of liquids is on racks,a minimum 4-foot-wide (1219.2 mm) aisle shall be provided between adja- EXCEPTION:I) spwater- d buildings I-aggregate quantity l- cent rows of racks and adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles 120 gallons(454.2 L)of water-miscible Class I-B and I-C liquids is al- lowed in nonmetallic containers,each having a capacity of 16 ounces shall be a minimum of 8 feet(2438.4 nun)wide. (0.473 L)or less. Additional aisles shall be provided for access to doors,required See also Section 7902.1.8.1.3. windows and ventilation openings, standpipe connections, me- chanical equipment,and switches. Such aisles shall be at least 3 7902.5.10.2.3 Container capacity. Containers for Class I liq- feet(914.4 mm)in width, unless greater widths are required for uids shall not exceed 5-gallon(18.9 L)capacity. separation of piles or racks,in which case the greater width shall EXCEPTION:Metal containers not exceeding 55 gallons(208.2 be provided. L)may be used to store up to 240 gallons(908.5 L)of the allowable 7902.5.11.2.4 Stabilizing and supports. Containers and piles exempt amount of Classes I-B and I-C liquids in a control area.The building shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to provide stability and to in accordance with Table 7902.5-B.The containers shall be provided prevent excessive stress to container walls.Portable tanks stored with plastic caps without cap seals and shall be stored upright.Contain- over one tier high shall be designed to nest securely without dun- ers shall not be stacked or stored in racks and shall not be located in nage. See UFC Standard 79-5 for requirements for portable tank areas accessible to the public. design. Shelving,racks,dunnage,scuffboards,floor overlay and 7902.5.10.2.4 Fire protection and storage arrangement. Fire similar installations shall be of noncombustible construction or of protection and container storage arrangement shall be in accor- wood not less than 1-inch(25.4 mm)nominal thickness.Adequate dance with the following: material-handling equipment shall be available to handle tanks 1. Combustible commodities shall not be stored above flam- safely at upper tier levels. mable or combustible liquids; 7902.5.11.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Liquid storage rooms shall be provided with spill control and secondary 2. Storage on shelves shall not exceed 6 feet (1828.8 mm)in containment in accordance with Section 7901.8. height,and shelving shall be metal; 3. Storage on pallets or in piles greater than 4 feet 6 inches 7902.5.11.4 Ventilation. Liquid storage rooms shall be venti- (1371.6 mm) in height, or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet lated in accordance with Section 8003.1.4. (5486.4 mm) in height, shall be protected in accordance with 7902.5.11.5 Fire protection. Table 7902.5-F,and the storage heights and arrangements shall be 7902.5.11.5.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquid storage limited to those specified in Table 7902.5-D; rooms shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems installed 4. Storage on racks greater than 4 feet 6 inches(1371.6 mm)in in accordance with Fire Code(see Section 9003, 10-3)and Table height,or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet(5486.4 mm)in height, 7902.5-F, 7902.5-G, 7902.5-H, 7902.5-I or 7902.5-J. In-rack shall be protected in accordance with Tables 7902.5-H, 7902.5-I sprinklers shall also comply with UFC Standard 81-2. and 7902.54 as appropriate,and the storage heights and arrange- Automatic foam-water systems and automatic aqueous film ments shall be limited to those specified in Table 7902.5-E;and forming foam(AFFF)-water sprinkler systems may be used only 5. Storage methods not in accordance with Item 3 or 4 shall be when approved. limited in height in accordance with Table 7902.5-C. Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale 7902.5.10.2.5 Storage plan. When required by the chief, aisle fire testing conducted at a nationally recognized fire testing labo- and storage plans shall be submitted in accordance with Sec- ratory is allowed in lieu of the protection as shown in Tables tion 8001.3.2. 7902.5-D through 7902.54 when approved. For guidelines in the evaluation of alternate materials and fire- ' 7902.5.11 Liquid storage rooms. protection designs based on fire testing,see Appendix VI-B. 7902.5.11.1 General. Quantities of liquids exceeding those set 7902.5.11.5.2 Portable fire extinguishers. One or more porta- forth in Section 7902.5.7 for storage in control areas shall be ble fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be 1-187 7902.5.11.5.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.6.5.3 located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) or more than 50 feet 7902.6 Underground Tank Storage. (15 240 mm)from any Class I or H liquid storage area located out- 7902.6.1 General. Underground storage of flammable and side of a liquid storage room. combustible liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with Sections One or more portable fire extinguishers having a rating of not 7902.1 and 7902.6.For storage of flammable and combustible liq- less than 20-B shall be located outside of,but not more than 10 feet uids in below-grade vaults,see Appendix NO TAG. (3048 mm)from,the door opening into a liquid storage room. 7902.6.2 Contents. Underground tanks shall not contain petro- 7902.5.11.6 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall not be leum products containing mixtures of a nonpetroleum nature, stored in basements. such as ethanol or methanol blends,without evidence of compati- bility. 7902.5.11.7 Explosion control.See Section 7902.1.5. 7902.6.3 Location. Flammable and combustible liquid storage 7902.5.12 Liquid storage warehouses, tanks located underground,either outside or under buildings,shall be in accordance with the following: 7902.5.12.1 General. Buildings used for storage of flammable 1. Tanks shall be located with respect to existing foundations or combustible liquids in quantities exceeding those set forth in and supports such that the loads carried by the latter cannot be Section 7902.5.7 for control areas and Section 7902.5.11.2 for liq- transmitted to the tank, uid storage rooms shall comply with Section 7902.5.12 and shall be constructed and separated as required by the Building Code. 2. The distance from any part of a tank storing liquids to the nearest wall of a basement,pit,cellar or property line shall not be 7902.5.12.2 Quantities and storage arrangement. less than 3 feet(914.4 mm),and 7902.5.12.2.1 General. The total quantities of liquids in a liquid 3. A minimum distance of 1 foot (304.8 mm), shell to shell, storage warehouse are not limited. The arrangement of storage shall be maintained between underground tanks. shall be in accordance with Table 7902.5-D or 7902.5-E. 7902.6.4 Depth and cover. Excavation for underground storage 7902.5.12.2.2 Mixed storage. Mixed storage shall be in accor- tanks shall be made with due care to avoid undermining of founda- dance with Section 7902.5.11.2.2. tions of existing structures.Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations and surrounded with at least 6 inches(152.4 mm)of 7902.5.12.2.3 Separation and aisles. Separation and aisles noncorrosive inert material such as clean sand or gravel well shall be in accordance with Section 7902.5.11.2.3. tamped in place or in accordance with the manufacturer's installa- tion instructions.Tanks shall be covered with a minimum of 2 feet 7902.5.12.2.4 Stabilizing and supports. Stabilizing and sup- (609.6 mm)of earth or shall be covered by not less than 1 foot ports shall be in accordance with Section 7902.5.11.2.4. (304.8 mm)of earth,on top of which shall be placed a slab of rein- 7902.5.12.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Liquid forced concrete not less than 4 inches(101.6 mm)thick. storage warehouses shall be provided with spill control and secon- When underground tanks are, or are likely to be, subjected to dary containment as set forth in Section 7901.8. traffic,they shall be protected against damage from vehicles pass- ing over them by at least 3 feet (914.4 mm) of earth cover, or 7902.5.12.4 Ventilation. Liquid storage warehouses shall be 18 inches(457.2 mm)of well-tamped earth plus 6 inches(152.4 ventilated in accordance with Section 8003.1.4. mm)of reinforced concrete,or 8 inches(203.2 mm)of asphaltic concrete.When asphaltic or reinforced concrete paving is used as 7902.5.12.5 Fire protection. part of the protection,it shall extend at least 1 foot(304.8 mm)hor- 7902.5.12.5.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquid storage izontally beyond the outline of the tank in all directions. warehouses shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems For tanks built in accordance with Section 7902.1.8,the burial installed in accordance with the Fire Code (see Section 9002, depth and the height of the vent line shall be such that the static Standard 10-3) and Table 7902.5-F, 7902.5-G, 7902.5-H, head imposed at the bottom of the tank will not exceed 10 psig 7902.5-1 or 7902.5-J. In-rack sprinklers shall also comply with (68.9 kPa)if the fill or vent pipe is filled with liquid. UFC Standard 81-2. If the depth of cover exceeds 7 feet (2133.6 mm) or the Automatic foam-water systems and automatic aqueous film manufacturer's specifications, reinforcements shall be provided forming foam-water sprinkler systems may only be used when ap- in accordance with the tank manufacturer's recommendations. proved. Nonmetallic underground tanks shall be installed in accordance Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale With the manufacturer's instructions.The minimum depth of cov- fire testing conducted at a nationally recognized fire testing labo- er shall be as specified above in Section 7902.6.4. ratory is allowed in lieu of the protection as shown in Tables 7902.6.5 Overfill protection. 7902.5-D through 7902.54 when approved. 7902.6.5.1 General. Fill pipes shall be equipped with a spill For guidelines in the evaluation of alternate materials and fire- container and an overfill prevention system as specified in Sec- protection designs based on fire testing,see Appendix VI-B. tion 7902.6.5. 79025.12.5.2 Warehouse hose lines. In liquid storage ware- 7902.6.5.2 Spill containers. A spill container shall be provided houses,either I1/2-inch(38.1 mm)lined or 1-inch(25.4 mm)hard for each fill pipe to collect liquids spilled by overfilling during rubber hand hose lines shall be provided in sufficient number to tank-filling operations.Containers are allowed to be constructed reach all liquid storage areas. See also Section 1001.9. of single-wall construction. Containers shall have a capacity of not less than 5 gallons(18.9 L)and shall be equipped with a drain 7902.5.12.6 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall not be valve which drains a spill into the primary tank. stored in basements. 7902.6.5.3 Overfdl prevention system. An overfill prevention 79025.12.7 Explosion control. See Section 7902.1.5. system shall be provided for each tank.The system shall either: 1-188 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7902.6.5.3 7902.6.16.4 1. Have an alarm which provides an audible and visual signal EXCEPTION:If conditions,based on adequate proof,warrant the when the quantity of liquid in the tank reaches 90 percent of tank deletion of the corrosion-protection requirements,the chief may waive capacity, the corrosion-protection requirements. 2. Automatically shut off the flow when the quantity of liquid See Article 90,Standards a.3.10,n.1.2,s.1.1,u.1.14 and u.2.1. in the tank reaches 95 percent of tank capacity,or 7902.6.15.2 Cathodic protection. Cathodic protection systems 3. Reduce the flow rate to not more than 15 gallons per minute provided for corrosion protection shall be in accordance with na- (0.95 L/s)so that,at the reduced flow rate,the tank will not overfill tionally recognized standards. for 30 minutes, and automatically shut-off flow into the tank so 7902.6.15.3 Corrosion-resistant materials. Corrosion-resist- that none of the fittings on the top of the tank are exposed to prod- ant materials of construction,such as special alloys;nonmetallic, uct due to overfilling. reinforced plastic coatings; composites; or equivalent systems, 7902.6.6 Inventory control. Daily inventory records shall be may be used when approved. maintained for underground storage tank systems in accordance 7902.6.15.4 Testing of corrosion protection. New under- with Section 5202.3.11. ground steel tanks and piping shall be tested by the structure-to- soil-potential method after the system is in operation. The tank 7902.6.7 Locations subject to flooding. Where a tank could be- manufacturer shall provide a structure lead and a test station.The come buoyant due to a rise in the level of the water table or due to criteria for adequate corrosion protection shall be in accordance location in an area that is subject to flooding,the tank shall be an- with recognized standards. Testing shall be done at installation chored in place.See Appendix II-B or manufacturer's installation and not less than once every five years thereafter by approved instructions. qualified persons. 7902.6.8 Leaking tanks. Leaking tanks shall be promptly emp- EXCEPTION: Approved and listed composite fiberglass-rein- tied and removed from the ground or abandoned in accordance forced plastic tanks. with Section 7902.1.7.4 or 7902.1.7.2.4,respectively. 7902.6.16 Testing of underground tanks. 7902.6.9 Used tanks. Reinstallation of used tanks is allowed 7902.6.16.1 General. Before being covered or placed in use, when such tanks comply with the requirements of Sections tanks and piping connected to underground tanks shall be tested 7902.1.8 and 7902.6.15.See also Section 7902.6.16.4. for tightness in the presence of the chief.For pipe testing,see Sec- tion 7901.11.10.The system shall not be covered until it has been approved. for the purpose of protecting the interior from corrosion or provid- ing compatibility with a material to be stored Only those liquids 7902.6.16.2 New tanks. New underground tanks shall be tested tested for compatibility with the lining material are allowed to be for tightness hydrostatically or pneumatically at not less than stored in lined tanks. 3 pounds per square inch(20.7 kPa)and not more than 5 pounds Tank opening,cleaning,preparation,inspection,lining,closing per square inch(34.5 kPa)for 30 minutes.Pneumatic testing shall and testing shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 79-6. not be used on a tank containing flammable or combustible liquids or vapors. For permits to alter a tank,see Section 105,Permit f.3.6. When secondary containment tanks are required in accordance Interior-lined underground tanks shall be protected from corro- with Section 7902.6.11,they shall be tested in accordance with the sion in accordance with Section 7902.6.15. manufacturer's instructions.Both the primary and secondary con- tainment shall be tested. 7902.6.11 Secondary containment. An approved method of secondary containment shall be provided for underground tank 7902.6.16.3 Existing tanks and piping. Existing underground systems,including tanks,piping and related components,where a storage tanks and piping shall be tested for leakage at the owner's leak from such a system would pose an immediate hazard to per- or operator's expense when the chief has reasonable cause to be- sons or property, as determined by the chief. See Appendix lieve that a leak exists.Orders by the chief requiring testing on un- NO TAG. derground tanks or piping shall indicate that the test be completed by a specified date.Tanks shall be emptied of flammable or com- 7902.6.12 Leak detection required. Underground storage tank bustible liquids,and piping and other equipment shall not be used systems shall be provided with an approved method of detecting if required tests are not completed within the specified time. leaks from any component of the system which normally contains When testing is required,owners or operators shall provide the liquid. chief with data setting forth the method of testing that is to be used 7902.6.13 Leak-detection installation and maintenance. and shall submit the name of a qualified individual who will con- Leak-detection devices and methods shall be in accordance with duct the test.The method of testing to be used shall consider the nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, Standard u.3.2. effects of temperature,pressure and other variables and shall es- Such devices shall be inspected and tested at least annually,and tablish conclusively whether the tank or piping is leaking.Pneu- the test results maintained for at least one year. matic testing shall not be used for tanks. 7902.6.14 Leak reporting. Any consistent or accidental loss of Devices used for final testing of tanks shall be capable of detect- liquid,or other indication of a leak from a tank system,shall be ing leaks as small as 0.05 gallon per hour(0.19 Uhr).Leaking pip- reported immediately to the fire department. ing and equipment shall not be used until repaired or replaced. The chief is authorized to require that the test be conducted in 7902.6.15 Corrosion protection. the chief's presence. 7902.6.15.1 General. Underground tanks and piping shall be 7902.6.16.4 Used tanks. Used tanks intended for flammable or properly designed,installed and maintained,and protected from combustible liquid service shall be tested as required for new corrosion in accordance with Section 7902.6.15.2 or 7902.6.15.3. tanks. 1-189 TABLE 7902.1-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.2-A TABLE 7902.1-A-MAXIMUM SIZE OF CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS (See Section 7902.1.8.1) CLASS I-A CLASS I-B CLASS I-C CLASS II CLASS III CONTAINER TYPE x 3.785 for gal.to L 1.Glass 1 pt.(0.47 L) 1 qt.(0.95 L) 1 gal. 1 gal. 5 gal. 2.Metal or listed ap�roved plastic2 1 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 3.Approved plastic 0 gal. 0 gal. 0 gal. 0 gal. 5 gal. 4.Safety cans 2 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5.Metal drum 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 6.Approved portable tanks 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 7.Polyethylene3 Footnote 4 Footnote 4 60 gal. 60 gal. Klass I-A and I-B liquids are allowed to be stored in glass containers of not more than 1-gallon(3.785 L)capacity if the required liquid purity,such as American Chemical Society analytical reagent grade or higher,would be affected by storage in metal containers or if the liquid would cause excessive corrosion of a metal container. 2See Sections 7902.1.8.1.3 and 7902.5.10.2.2 for special limitations. 3Polyethylene containers in accordance with nationally recognized standards.See Article 90,Standard u.3.3. 4See Rows 2,3 and 4. TABLE 7902.1-B-VENT LINE DIAMETERS (See Section 7902.1.13.7) MAXIMUM FLOW(gpm) PIPE LENGTH1 x 3.785 for Umin 50 feet 15 240 mm 100 teet 30 480 mm 200 feet 60 950 mm 100 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 200 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 300 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 400 11/4-inch 31.75 mm 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 500 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 600 11/2-inch 38.1 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 700 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 800 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 3-inch 76.2 mm 900 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 3-inch 76.2 mm 11000 2-inch 50.8 mm 2-inch 50.8 mm 3-inch 76.2 mm 1 Vent lines of 50 feet(15 240 mm),100 feet(30 480 mm)and 200 feet(60 960 mm)of pipe,plus 7 ells. TABLE 7902.2-A-STABLE LIQUIDS WITH OPERATING PRESSURE OF 2.5 PSIG(17.2 kPa)OR LESS (See Section 7902.2.22) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM NEAREST SIDE MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, IMPORTANT BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY, REQUIRED INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY, AND SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION AND SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 5 FEET(1524 MM) 5 FEET(1524 mm) Floating roof Protection for (See Section 7901.2.2) exposures 1/2 times diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of tank None Diameter of tank but need not exceed 175 feet 1/6 times diameter of tank (53 340 mm) Vertical with weak roof- Approved foam or to-shell seam inerting system on tanks I/2 times diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of tank (See Sections 7902.2.2.2 not exceeding 150 feet and 7902.2.6.2) (45 720 mm)in diameter2 Protection I for Diameter of tank 1/3 times diameter of tank exposures None 2 times diameter of tank but need not exceed 113 times diameter of tank 350 feet(106.7 mm) Horizontal and vertical Approved inerting system with emergency relief on the tank or approved 1/2 times Table 7902.2-F 1/2 times Table 7902.2-F venting to limit pressures foam system on vertical to 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa) tanks Protection for Table 7902.2-F Table 7902.2-F exposures) None 2 times Table 7902.2-F Table 7902.2-F ' Protected aboveground See Section 7902.1.9 1/2 times Table 1/2 times Table tank 7902.2-F 7902.2-F 1Protcction for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fie brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adja- cent to liquid storage. 2For tanks over 150 feet(45 720 mm)in diameter,use"Protection for exposures"or"None,"as applicable. 1-190 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.2-B TABLE 7902.2-E TABLE 7902.2-B—STABLE LIQUIDS WITH OPERATING PRESSURE GREATER THAN 2.5 PSIG(17.2 kPa) (See Section 7902.2.2.3) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM NEAREST SIDE OF REQUIRED OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY Protection for 11/2 times Table 7902.2-F but shall not be less 11/2 times Table 7902.2-F but shall not be less Any type exposures 1 than 25 feet(7620 mm) than 25 feet(7620 mm) None 3 times Table 7902.2-F but shall not be less than 11/2 times Table 7902.2-F but shall not be less 50 feet(15 240 mm) than 25 feet(7620 mm) 1Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adja- cent to liquid storage. TABLE 7902.2-C—BOILOVER LIQUIDS (See Section 7902.2.2.4) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY LINE MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM NEAREST SIDE OF OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT REQUIRED INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY AND SHALL NOT TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION AND SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 5 FEET(1524 mm) BE LESS THAN 5 FEET(1524 mm) Floating roof Protection for exposures(See Section 7901.2.2) 1/2 times diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of tank None Diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of tank Fixed roof Approved foam or inerting system2 Diameter of tank 1/3 times diameter of tank Protection for2 times diameter of tank 2 exposures /3 times diameter of tank exposu None 4 times diameter of tank but need not exceed 350 2/3 times diameter of tank feet(106.7 m) 1Protection for exposure is protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adja- cent to liquid storage. 2See Section 7902.2.5. TABLE 7902.2-D—UNSTABLE LIQUIDS (See Section 7902.2.2.5) MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM PROPERTY MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET FROM LINE OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY OR REQUIRED UPON,INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT BUILDING ON TYPE OF TANK PROTECTION PUBLIC WAY THE SAME PROPERTY Horizontal and vertical Tank protected with any one of the Table 7902.2-F but not less than 25 feet 25 feet(7620 mm) tanks with emergency following:approved water spray, (7620 mm) relief venting to permit approved inerting,approved pressure not in excess of insulation and refrigeration, 2.5 psig(17.2 kPa) approved barricade Protection for exposures 21/2 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm) 50 feet(15 240 mm) None 5 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 100 100 feet(30 480 nun) feet(30 480 mm) Horizontal and vertical Tank protected with any one of the 2 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 50 50 feet(15 240 mm) tanks with emergency following:approved water spray, feet(15 240 mm) relief venting to permit approved inerting,approved pressure over 2.5 psig insulation and refrigeration, (17.2 kPa) approved barricade Protection for exposures) 4 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 100 feet(30 480 mm) 100 feet(30 480 mm) None 8 times Table 7902.2-F but not less than 150 150 feet(45 720 mm) feet(45 720 mm) 1Protection for exposure is protection by a public fine department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures on property adja- cent to liquid storage. TABLE 7902.2-E—CLASS 111-B LIQUIDS (See Section 7902.2.2.6) MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM PROPERTY LINE OF MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON,INCLUDING PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT TANK CAPACITY(gallons) THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY(feat) BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY(feat) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm 12,000 or less 5 5 12,001 to 30,000 10 5 30,001 to 50,000 10 10 50,001 to 100,000 15 10 100,001 or more 15 15 1-191 TABLE 7902.2-F 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.2-1 TABLE 7902.2-F-REFERENCE TABLE FOR USE IN TABLES 7902.2-A,7902.2-B AND 7902.2-D MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM PROPERTY LINE OF PROPERTY WHICH IS OR CAN BE MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY BUILT UPON,INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT TANK CAPACITY(gallons) OF A PUBLIC WAY(feet) BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY(feet) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm 275 or less 5 5 276 to 750 10 5 751 to 12,000 15 5 12,001 to 30,000 20 5 30,001 to 50,000 30 10 50,001 to 100,000 50 15 100,001 to 500,000 80 25 500,001 to 1,000,000 100 35 1,000,001 to 2,000,000 135 45 2,000,001 to 3,000,000 165 55 3,000,001 or more 175 60 TABLE 7902.2-G-MINIMUM SEPARATION(SHELL-TO-SHELL)OF TANKS CONTAINING STABLE LIQUIDS1,2 (See Section 7902.2.3.1) MINIMUM SEPARATION TANK DIAMETER(feet) Fixed Roof Tanks x 304.8 for mm Floating Roof Tanks Class I or If Liquids Class III Liquids Not over 150 1/6 sum of adjacent tank 1/6 sum of adjacent tank 1/6 sum of adjacent tank diameters but not less than diameters but not less than diameters but not less than 3 feet(914.4 mm) 3 feet(914.4 mm) 3 feet(914.4 nun) More than 150 If remote impounding is in accordance with Section 1/6 sum of adjacent tank 1/4 sum of adjacent tank 1/6 sum of adjacent tank 7902.2.8.3 diameters diameters diameters If impounding is within dikes around tanks in 1/4 sum of adjacent tank 1/3 sum of adjacent tank 1/4 sum of adjacent tank accordance with diameters diameters diameters Section 7902.2.8.4 (Crude petroleum tanks having individual capacities not exceeding 126,000 gallons(3,000 barrels)(476 910 L),when located at production facilities in isolated locations,need not be separated by more than 3 feet(914.4 mm). 2Tanks used for storing Class III-B liquids are allowed to be spaced 3 feet(914.4 mm)apart unless within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or II liquid. TABLE 7902.2-H-WETTED AREA VERSUS VENT CAPACITY1 (14.7 psia and 60oF)(101.3 kPa and 15.6°C) (See Sections 7902.2.6.3.1 and 7902.2.6.3.2) WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY (square feet) (CFH) (square feet) (CFH) (square feet) (CFH) x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0283 for m3/hr. x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0283 for m3/hr. x 0.0929 for m2 x 0A293 for m3/hr. 20 21,100 200 211,000 1,000 524,000 30 31,600 250 239,000 1,200 557,000 40 42,100 300 265,000 1,400 587,000 50 52,700 350 288,000 1,600 614,000 60 63,200 400 312,000 1,800 639,000 70 73,700 500 354,000 2,000 662,000 80 84,200 600 392,000 2,400 704,000 90 94,800 700 428,000 2,800 742,000 100 105,000 800 462,000 and over 120 126,000 900 493,000 140 147,000 160 168,000 180 190,000 1Interpolate for intermediate values. TABLE 7902.2-1-WETTED AREA OVER 2,800 SO.FT.(260.1 M2)AND PRESSURES OVER 1 PSIG(6.89 kPa) (See Section 7902.2.6.3.2) WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY WETTED AREA VENT CAPACITY (square feet) (CFH) (square feet) (CFH) x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0283 for m3/hr. x 0.0929 for m2 x 0.0293 for m3/hr. 2,800 742,000 9,000 1,930,000 3,000 786,000 10,000 2,110,000 3,500 892,000 15,000 2,940,000 4,000 995,000 20,000 3,720,000 4,500 1,100,000 25,000 4,470,000 5,000 1,250,000 30,000 5,190,000 6,000 1,390,000 35,000 5,900,000 7,000 1,570,000 40,000 6,570,000 8,000 1,760,000 1-192 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.3-A TABLE 7902.5-B TABLE 7902.3-A—OUTDOOR LIQUID STORAGE IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS (See Sections 7902.3.3.1 and 7902.3.3.2) CONTAINER STORAGE—MAXIMUM PORTABLE TANK MINIMUM DISTANCE PER PILE STORAGE--MAXIMUM PER PILE TO PROPERTY LINE MINIMUM DISTANCE OF PROPERTY THAT MINIMUM DISTANCE Quantity',Z Height Quantity,P Height BETWEEN PILES OR CAN BE BUILT TO STREET,AL LEY OR CLASS (gallons) (feet) (gallons) (feet) RACKS(feet) UPON3.4(feet) A PUBLIC WAY°(feet) OF LIQUID x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm I-A 1,100 10 2,200 7 5 50 10 I-B 2,200 12 4,400 14 5 50 10 I-C 4,400 12 8,800 14 5 50 10 II 8,800 12 17,600 14 5 25 5 11I 22,000 18 44,000 14 5 10 5 tFor mixed class storage,see Section 7902.3.3.1. 217or storage in racks,the quantity limits per pile do not apply,but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 feet(15 240 mm)in length and two rows or 9 feet(30 480 mm)in depth. 3If protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams is not available,the distance shall be doubled. 4When the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile,the distances are allowed to be reduced 50 percent,but not less than 3 feet(914.4 mm). TABLE 7902.5-A—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS— MAXIMUM QUANTITIES STORED PER CONTROL AREA1,2,3 (See Section 7902.5.7) EXEMPT AMOUNT(gallons) TYPE OF LIQUID x 3.785 for L Flammable Class I-A 30 Class I-B 60 Class I-C 90 Combination I-A,1-B,I-C 1204 Combustible Class II 120 Class III-A 330 Class III-B 13,2005 t Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2Quantities are allowed to be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets.When Footnote 3 applies,the increase for each footnote is allowed. 3Quantities are allowed to be increased 100 percent in buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. When Footnote 2 applies,the increase for each footnote is allowed. 4Combinations shall not contain more than the exempt amounts of any individual class. 5Quantities permitted in a building equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system are not limited. TABLE 7902.5-S—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES USES— MAXIMUM QUANTITIES STORED PER CONTROL AREA1 (See Section 7902.5.7.1) EXEMPT AMOUNTS(gallons) x 3.785 for L Sprinklered2 per Footnote Densities Sprinklered per Tables 7902.5-F TYPE OF LIQUID and Arrangements through 7902.5-K Unsprinklered Flammable:Class I-A 60 60 30 Flammable and combustible:Combination Class I-B,I-C, 7,5003 15,0003 1,600 II and 111-A Combustible:Class III-B Unlimited Unlimited 13,200 t Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2To be considered as sprinklered,buildings shall be protected with approved automatic sprinkler systems with designs providing minimum densities as follows: For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet(1829 mm)or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet(5486 mm),quantities are those per- mitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2. For cartoned,palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches(1372 mm)or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet (5486 nun),quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gpm per square foot[8.56 L/(min•m2)1 over the most remote 1,500-square-foot(139 m2)area. 3When wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet(4645 m2)in area,exempt amounts are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet(92.9 m2)of area in excess of 50,000 square feet(4645 m2),up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts.A control area separation is not required.The cumulative amounts,including amounts attained by having an additional control area,shall not exceed 30,000 gallons(113 562 L). 1-193 TABLE 7902.5-C 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-E TABLE 7902.5-C-MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT IN CONTROL AREA (See Sections 7902.6.10.1 and 7902.5.10.2.4) SPRINKLERED WITH IN-RACK UNSPRINKLERED AREA(feet) SPRINKLERED AREA(feet) PROTECTION (feet) TYPE OF LIQUID x 304.8 for mm Flammable liquids: Class I-A 4 4 4 Class I-B 4 8 12 Class I-C 4 8 12 Combustible liquids: Class II 6 8 12 Class III-A 8 12 16 Class III-B 8 12 20 TABLE 7902.5-D-STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PALLETIZED OR SOLID-PILE STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.2.1,7902.5.11.2.2 and 7902.5.12.2.1) MAXIMUM QUANTITY MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER PILE(gallons) PER ROOM1(gallons) MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT x 3.785 for L Containersz Portable Tanks STORAGE (feet) (feet) CLASS LEVEL Drums x 304.8 for mm Containers Portable Tanks Containers Portable Tanks Ground floor 1 5 Not allowed 3,000 Not allowed 12,000 Not allowed I-A Upper floors 1 5 Not allowed 2,000 Not allowed 8,000 Not allowed Basements 0 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Ground floor 1 61/2 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 I-B Upper floors 1 61/2 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements 0 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Ground floor 1 61/23 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 I-C Upper floors 1 61/23 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements 0 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Ground floor 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 II Upper floors 3 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 Basements 1 5 7 7,500 20,000 7,500 20,000 Ground floor 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 III Upper floors 5 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 Basements 3 10 7 10,000 20,000 25,000 40,000 1 See Section 7902.5.12.2.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses. 2Storage heights are allowed to be increased for Class I-B,I-C,II and III liquids in metal containers of 5-gallon(18.9 L)or less capacity when an automatic AFFF-wa- ter protection system is provided in accordance with Table 7902.5-G. 3These height limitations are allowed to be increased to 10 feet(3048 mm)for containers having a capacity of 5 gallons(18.9 L)or less. TABLE 7902.5-E-STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.2.1,7902.5.11.2.2 and 7902.5.12.2.1) MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOM MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT(feet) (gallons) x 304.8 for mm x 3.785 for L CLASS TYPE RACK STORAGE LEVEL Containers Containers Double row Ground floor 25 7,500 I-A or Upper floors 15 4,500 Single row Basements Not allowed Not allowed I-B Double row Ground floor 25 15,000 I-C or Upper floors 15 9,000 Single row Basements Not allowed Not allowed Double row Ground floor 25 24,000 II or Upper floors 25 24,000 Single row Basements 15 9,000 Multirow, Ground floor 40 48,000 III Double row or Upper floors 20 48,000 Single row Basements 20 24,000 1-194 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-F TABLE 7902.5-G TABLE 7902.5-F-AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR SOLID-PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS1 (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) STORAGE CONDITIONS CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND Area(sq.ft.) Maximum MINIMUM HOSE Density Spacing STREAM DEMAND gpm/sq.ft. x 0.0929 for m2 (sq.ft.) ( pm) Ordinary MINIMUM DURATION Class Container x 40.75 for High Temp. Temp. SPRINKLERS AND Liquid Size and Arrangement tJminJm2 Sprinklers Sprinklers x 0.0929 for m2 x 3.785 for L/min. HOSE STREAMS(hrs.) 5 gal.(18.9 L)or less,with or without cartons,palletized or solid 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 750 I-A pile2 2 Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 L),on end or side,palletized or solid 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 pile 5 gal.(18.9 L)or less,with or without cartons,palletized or solid 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 I-B,I-C pile2 and II Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 0.25 5,000 8,000 100 500 L)on pallets or solid pile,one high 2 Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 II L)on pallets or solid pile,more than 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 2 one high on end or side I-B,I I-C, I Portable tanks,one high 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 500 2 II Portable tanks,two high 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 2 5 gal.(18.9 L)or less,with or III without cartons,palletized or solid 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 1 pile Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 L)on pallets or solid pile,on end or 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 1 sides,up to three high Containers greater than 5 gal.(18.9 in L),on pallets or solid pile,on end or 0.35 3,000 5,000 100 750 2 sides,up to 18 feet(5486 mm)high Portable tanks,one high 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 1 Portable tanks,two high 0.50 3,000 1 5,000 1 80 750 2 IThe design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems.Where Class I standpipe systems are used,the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. 2For storage heights above 4 feet(1219 mm)or ceiling heights greater than 18 feet(5486 mm),an approved engineering design shall be provided.See Section 103.1.1. TABLE 7902.5-G-AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLID PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON(18.9 L)CAPACITY OR LESS1,2 (See Sections 7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND STORAGE HOSE Density Area Orifice Size HEIGHT DEMAND DURATION DURATION gpm/sq.ft. (sq.ft.) (Inch) (feet) ( pm)3 AFFF WATER PACKAGE CLASS x 40.75 for x 0.0929 Temperature Maximum x 25.4 for x 304.8 x 3.785 for SUPPLY SUPPLY TYPE LIQUID U(min•mz) for mz Rating Spacing mm for mm Umin. (min.) (hours) Cartoned I-B,I-C,II 0.40 2,000 286°F 100 sq.ft./hd. 17/32 11 500 15 2 and III (141°C) (9.29 m2/hd.) Uncartoned I-B,I-C,II 0.30 2,000 286°F 100 sq.ft./hd. 1/2 or 17/32 12 500 15 2 and III (141°C) (9.29 m2/hd.) (System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. 2Maximum ceiling height of 30 feet(9144 mm). 3Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch(38.1 mm)inside hand hose,when required. 1-195 TABLE 7902.5-H 2O01 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-H-AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON(18.9 L)CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETS1 (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. �N Area(sq.ft.) 30 psi HOSE DURA. Density (206.8 kPa) STREAM gpm/ IO (standard DEMAN N sq.fL x 0.0929 for m2 orifice) D(gpm) E RIN ER AND x 40.75 for High Ord. Racks over 9 R. 14 psi x 3.785 HOSE CLASS L/(min•m2 Temp. Temp. Max. Racks up to 9 fL (2744 mm)to 12 ft. (%.5 kPa) Number of Sprinklers for STREAM LIQUID ) Sprinklers Sprinklers Spacing (2744 mm)deep (3658 mm)deep (large orifice) Operating Umin. (hrs.) I 0.40 3,000 5,000 80 sq. 1.Ord.temp., 1.Ord.temp., 30 psi(206.8 1.Eight sprinklers 750 2 [max.25 ft./hd. quick-response quick-response kPa) if only one level ft.(7620 (7.4 sprinklers,maxi- sprinklers,maxi- [I/2-inch 2.Six sprinklers mm) rrZ/hd.) mum 8 feet 3 inches mum 8 feet 3 inches (13.5 mm) each on two levels height] (2515 mm)horizon- (2515 mm)horizon- orifice] if only two levels Option 1 tal spacing tal spacing 3.Six sprinklers 2.One line sprin- 2.One line sprin- each on top 3 lev- klers above each klers above each els,if 3 or more level of storage level of storage levels 3.Locate in longi- 3.Locate in trans- 4.Hydraulically tudinal flue space, verse flue spaces, most remote staggered vertical staggered vertical 4.Shields required and within 20 in. where multilevel (508 mm)of aisle 4.Shields required where multilevel I 0.55 2,0002 N/A 100 sq. 1.Ord.temp., 1.Ord.temp,quick- 14 psi(96.5 See 1 through 4 500 2 [max.25 ft./hd. quick-response response sprinklers, kPa) above ft.(7620 (9.29 sprinklers,maxi- maximum 8 feet 3 [17/32-inch mm) m2/hd.) mum 8 feet 3 inches inches(2515 mm) (13.5 mm) height] (2515 mm)horizon- horizontal spacing orifice] Option 2 tal spacing 2.See 2 above 2.See 2 above 3.See 3 above 3.See 3 above 4.See 4 above 4.See 4 above I and II 0.553 2,0002,4 N/A 100 sq. N/A None for max. N/A N/A N/A 500 2 [max. ft./hd. 6 ft.(1829 mm) 14-ft. (9.29 deep racks (4267 m2/hd.) mm) storage ht.] (max. three tiers) II 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 sq. 1.Ord.temp.sprin- 1.Ord.temp.sprin- 30 psi 1.Hydraulically 750 2 [max. ft./hd. klers 8 feet(2438 klers 8 feet(2438 (206.8 kPa) most remote- 25 ft. (9.29 mm)apart horizon- mm)apart horizon- 6 sprinklers at each (7620 m2/hd.) tally tally level,up to max.of mm) 2.One line sprin- 2.Two lines be- three levels height] klers between levels tween levels at at nearest 10-foot nearest 10 foot (3048 mm)vertical (3048 mm)vertical intervals intervals 3.Locate in longi- 3.Locate in trans- tudinal flue space, verse flue spaces, staggered vertical staggered vertical 4.Shields required and within 20 inch- where multilevel es(508 mm)of aisle 4.Shields required where multilevel III 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 sq. Same as for Same as for 30 psi Same as for 500 2 [40 ft. ft./hd. Class II liquids Class II liquids (206.8 kPa) Class II liquids (12 192 (11.15 mm) m2/hd.) height] IThe design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems.Where Class I standpipe systems are used,the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. 2Using listed or approved extra-large orifices,high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 30-foot(9144 mm)ceiling with minimum 71/2400t(2286 mm)aisles. 3For friction lid cans and other metal containers equipped with plastic nozzles or caps,the density shall be increased to 0.65 gpm per square foot[26.5 L/(min•mz)] using listed or approved extra-large orifice,high-temperature quick-response sprinklers. 4Using listed or approved extra-large orifice,high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 18-foot(5486 mm)ceiling with minimum 71/2400t(2286 mm)aisles and metal containers. 1-196 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7902.5-1 TABLE 7902.5-J TABLE 7902.5-1-AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON(18.9 L)CAPACITY1 (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND MIN. HOSE MIN. Density Area(sq.n.) STREAM DURATIO DEMAND JL) x 0.0929 for m2 (gp-) SPRINKL High Ord. ER AND Temp. Temp. On-side Storage Racks On-end Storage(on HOSE CLASS x 40.75 for Sprinkler Sprinkler Max. up to 9-foot(2744 nun) pallets)up to 9 foot Min.Nozzle Number of Sprinklers x 3.785 for STREAM LIQUID IJ(min.m2) s s Spacing Deep Racks (2744 mm)Deep Racks Pressure Operating L/min. I (hrs.) I-A 0.60 3,000 5,000 80 sq. 1.Ord.temp. 1.Ord.temp. 30 psi 1.Hydraulically 1,000 2 [max. ft./hd. sprinklers 8 feet sprinklers 8 feet (206.8 kPa) most remote-6 25 ft. (7.4 (2438 mm)apart (2438 nun)apart sprinklers at each (7620 m/hd.) horizontally horizontally level f1m) 2.One line sprin- 2.One line sprin- height] klers above each klers above each tier of storage tier of storage 3.Locate in longi- 3.Locate in longi- tudinal flue space, tudinal flue space, staggered vertical staggered vertical 4.Shields required 4.Shields required where multilevel where multilevel I-B,I-C 0.60 3,000 5,000 100 sq. 1.See 1 above 1.See 1 above 30 psi 1.See 1 above 750 2 and II ft./hd. 2.One line sprin- 2.See 2 above (206.8 kPa) [max. (9.29 klers every three 3.See 3 above 25 ft. m2/hd.) tiers of storage (7620 4.See 4 above mm) 3.See 3 above height] 4.See 4 above III 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 sq. 1.See 1 above 1.See 1 above 15 psi 1.See 1 above 500 1 [max. ft./hd. 2.One line sprin- 2.One line sprin- (103.4 kPa) 40 ft. (11.15 klers every sixth klers every third (12 192 m2/hd.) level(maximum) level(maximum) mm) 3.See 3 above 3.See 3 above height] 4.See 4 above 4.See 4 above 1The design assumes the use of Class II standpipe systems.Where a Class I standpipe system is used,the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. TABLE 7902.5-J-AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS1,2 (See Sections 7902.5.10.2.4,7902.5.11.5.1 and 7902.5.12.5.1) CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMANDS Area(sq.ft.) Minimum Hose Nozzle Stream Density . 2 Pressure Demand4 (gpnVsq ft x 0 0929 for m ) (psi) (tpm) DURATION DURATION Number of AFFF WATER CLASS x 40.75 for High Temp. Ord.Temp. On-and Storage of Drums x 8.895 Sprinklers x 3.785 SUPPLY SUPPLY LIQUID L/(min.m2) Sprinklers Sprinklers on Pallets,up to 25 ft.(7620 mm) for kPa operating for L/min (min.) (hrs.) I-A,I-B, 0.30 1,500 2,500 1.Ord.temp.sprinkler up to 10 feet 30 Three 500 15 2 I-C,II (3048 mm)apart horizontally sprinklers 2.One line sprinklers above each per level level of storage 3.Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertically 4.Shields required for multilevel 1 System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. 2Except as modified herein,in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with UFC Standard 81-2. 3The height of storage shall not exceed 25 feet(7620 mm). 4Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch(38.1 mm)inside hand hose,when required. 1-197 TABLE 7902.5-K 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7903—7903.2.1.3 TABLE 7902.5-K—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1 GALLON(3.79 L)CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 61/2 FEET(1981 mm), AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE ROW RACK ARRAY1 CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AN DE- MAND IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND Area(sq.ft.) Minimum Hose Density Racks Stream Demand Minimum (gPMsq.tt) x 0.0929 for m2 9 t 12 Igpm) Duration Feet et Sprinklers Ord. (2743 to Minimum and Hose CLASS LIQ- x 40.75 for High Temp Maximum Racks up to 9 Feet 3658 Nozzle Number or Sprinklers Stream CID (Umin•m) Temp. Spacing (2743 mm)Deep mm) I Pressure Operating x 3.785 for Um (hours) Maximum 0.60 2,0002 N/A 100 sq. 1.Ord.temp.quick response N/A 30 psi 1.Six sprinklers 500 2 20 ft. ft./hd. sprinklers,max.8 ft.3 in. (206.8 each on two levels (6096 (9.29 (2515 mm)horizontal kPa) 2.Hydraulically mm)stor- m2/hd.) spacing (standard most remote 12 age height 2.One line of sprinklers at the orifice) sprinklers 6 ft.(1829 mm)level and the 11 t/2 ft.(3505 mm)level of or storage 3.Locate in longitudinal flue 14 psi space,staggered vertical )kPa kPa 4.Shields required where mul- (large ori- tilevel fice) This table shall not apply to racks with solid shelves. 2Using extra-large orifice sprinklers under a ceiling 30 feet(9144 mm)or less in height.Minimum aisle width is 71/2 feet(2286 mm). SECTION 7903—DISPENSING, USE, MIXING AND EXCEPTION: Liquids in containers not exceeding 5.3-gallon HANDLING (20 L)capacity. 1. From safety cans, 7903.1 General. 2. Through an approved closed piping system, 7903.1.1 Applicability. Dispensing, use, mixing and handling 3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suc- of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with tion through an opening in the top of the container or tank, Sections 7901 and 7903. See Section 7904 for tank vehicle and 4. For Class I-13,I-C,II or III liquids,from containers or tanks tank car loading and unloading and other special operations. by gravity through an approved self-or automatic-closing valve EXCEPTION:Containers of organic coatings having no fire point when the container or tank and dispensing operations are provided when tested in accordance with nationally recognized standards(see with spill control and secondary containment (see Section Section 9003,Standard a.4.5)when opened for pigmentation need not 7901.8). Class I-A liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from comply with Section 7903. tanks,or 7903.1.2 Sale of Class I or II liquids for domestic clean- 5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems. ing. Class I and H liquids with a flash point of 110°F(43.3°C)or 7903.1.4 Container-filling facilities for Class I liquids. less shall not be sold or offered for sale for the express purpose of domestic cleaning. 7903.1.4.1 Manual operations. Class I liquids shall not be run into containers unless the nozzle and containers are electrically in- 7903.1.3 Liquid transfer. terconnected. Acceptable methods of electrical interconnection 7903.1.3.1 General. Liquid transfer equipment and methods for include: transfer of Class I,II and III-A liquids shall be approved and in ac- 1. Metallic floor plates on which containers stand while filling, cordance with Section 7903.1.3. when such floor plates are electrically connected to the fill stem, or 7903.1.3.2 Pumps. Positive displacement pumps shall be pro- 2. Where the fill stem is bonded to the container during filling vided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank,pump suc- by means of a bond wire. tion or other suitable location,or shall be provided with interlocks to prevent overpressure. 7903.1.4.2 Automatic operations. Container-filling operations for Class I liquids involving conveyor belts or other automatic- 7903.1.3.3 Pressured systems. When gases are introduced to feeding operations shall be adequately designed to prevent static provide for liquid transfer by pressure, only inert gases shall be accumulations. used,and controls,including pressure-relief devices,shall be pro- 7903.2 Use,Dispensing and Mixing Inside of Buildings. vided to limit the pressure so that it cannot exceed the maximum working pressure of tanks,containers and piping systems. When 7903.2.1 General. devices operating through pressure within a tank or container are 7903.2.1.1 Applicability. Indoor use,dispensing and mixing of used,the tank or container shall be a pressure vessel approved for flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with the intended use. Air or oxygen shall not be used for pressuriza- Sections 7903.1 and 7903.2. tion. 7903.2.1.2 Closure of mixing or blending vessels. Vessels used 7903.1.3.4 Piping,hoses and valves. Piping,hoses and valves for mixing or blending of Class I liquids shall be provided with used in liquid transfer operations shall be approved or listed for the self-closing, tightfitting, noncombustible lids that will control a intended use. fire within such vessel. EXCEPTION:Where such devices are impractical,approved au- 7903.1.3.5 Class I and H liquids. Class I and II liquids shall be tomatic or manually controlled fire-extinguishing devices shall be pro- transferred by one of the following methods: vided. 1-198 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7903.2.1.3 7903.2.2.2 7903.2.1.3 Bonding of vessels. Where differences of potential Quantities in dining,office and school uses within Group F Oc- could be created,vessels containing Class I liquids or liquids han- cupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for maintenance dled at or above their flash points shall be electrically connected purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quanti- by bond wires,ground cables,piping or similar means to a static ties set forth in Table 7903.2-B. grounding system to maintain equipment at the same electrical po- Quantities in offices,classrooms or laboratories within Group F tential to prevent sparking. Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstra- 7903.2.1.4 Heating, lighting and cooking appliances. Heat- tion or laboratory work and shall not exceed quantities set forth in ing,lighting and cooking appliances which utilize Class I liquids Table 7903.2-B. shall not be operated within a building or structure. 5. Group I Occupancies: EXCEPTION:Operation in single-family dwellings. Quantities in Group I Occupancies shall not exceed amounts 7903.2.1.5 Location of processing vessels. Processing vessels necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- shall be located with respect to distances to lines of adjoin- nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed ing property which can he built on in accordance with quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. Table 7903.2-A. 6. Group M Occupancies: EXCEPTION:When the exterior wall facing the adjoining proper- Quantities in dining,office and school uses within Group M Oc- ty line is a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of not less than four cupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for maintenance hours,the chief is authorized to modify the distances.The distance shall not be less than that set forth in the Building Code,and when Class purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quanti- I-A or unstable liquids are involved,explosion control shall be pro- ties set forth in Table 7903.2-B. vided in accordance with Section 8003.1.7. Quantities in offices or classrooms within Group M Occupan- 7903.2.1.6 Quantity limits for use. cies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration or lab- oratory work and shall not exceed quantities set forth in 7903.2.1.6.1 Exempt amounts for control areas. Indoor use, Table 7903.2-B. dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the exempt amounts set forth in Table 7903.2-B 7. Group R Occupancies: and shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in Sec- Quantities in Group R Occupancies shall not exceed amounts tion 7903.2.1.6.2. necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment EXCEPTION•Cleaning with Class I,II or III-A liquids shall be in and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. accordance with Section 7903.2.2. 8. Group S Occupancies: See Article 51 for use of hazardous production material flam- mable and combustible liquids in Group H,Division 6 Occupan- Quantities in dining and office uses within Group S Occupan- cies shall not exceed amounts necessary for maintenance purposes cies. and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set 7903.2.1.6.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits forth in Table 7903.2-B. for quantities of flammable or combustible liquids used, dis- Quantities in offices within Group S Occupancies shall not ex- pensed or mixed based on occupancy classification shall not be ceed amounts necessary for demonstration or laboratory work and exceeded. shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. EXCEPTION:Cleaning with Class 1,II or III-A liquids shall be in accordance with Section 7903.2.2. 7903.2.1.6.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control 1. Group A Occupancies: areas. Quantities exceeding quantities allowed in control areas set forth in Sections 7903.2.1.6.1 and 7903.2.1.6.2 shall be in ac- Quantities in Group A Occupancies shall not exceed amounts cordance with the following: necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment 1. For open systems, indoor use, dispensing and mixing of and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. flammable and combustible liquids shall be within a room or Quantities in Group A Occupancies used as classrooms or labo- building complying with the Building Code and Sections ratories shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration, 7903.2.3.1 through 7903.2.3.4. treatment or laboratory work and shall not exceed quantities set 2. For closed systems, indoor use, dispensing and mixing of forth in Table 7903.2-B. flammable and combustible liquids shall be within a room or 2. Group B Occupancies: building complying with the Building Code and Sections Quantities in drinking, dining, office and school uses within 7903.2.3.1 through 7903.2.3.3 and 7903.2.3.5. Group B Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for 7903.2.2 Cleaning with flammable and combustible liquids. maintenance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. 7903.2.2.1 General. Cleaning with Class I,II and III-A liquids Quantities in offices,classrooms or laboratories within Group B shall be in accordance with Section 7903.2.2. Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstra- EXCEPTIONS: 1.For dry cleaning,see Article 36. tion,treatment or laboratory work and shall not exceed quantities 2•For spray nozzle cleaning,see Article 45. set forth in Table 7903.2-B. 7903.2.2.2 Cleaning operations. Class I-A liquids shall not be 3. Group E Occupancies: used for cleaning.Cleaning with Class I-B,I-C,II,or III-A liquids shall be conducted: Quantities in Group E Occupancies shall not exceed amounts necessary for demonstration,treatment,laboratory work,mainte- 1. In a room or building complying with Section 7903.2.3, nance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed 2. In a machine listed and approved for the purpose as set forth quantities set forth in Table 7903.2-B. in Section 7903.2.2.3,or 4. Group F Occupancies: 3. Using methods set forth in Section 7903.2.2.4. 1-199 7903.2.2.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7903.2.3.5.4 7903.2.2.3 Listed and approved machines. 7903.2.3.2.2 Basements. Rooms or buildings classified in ac- cordance with the Building Code as Group H,Division 2 or 3 Oc- 7903.2.2.3.1 General. Parts cleaning and degreasing conducted cupancies based on use, dispensing or mixing of flammable or in listed and approved machines in accordance with Section combustible liquids shall not be in basements. 7903.2.2.2 shall be in accordance with Section 7903.2.2.3. 7903.2.3.2.3 Fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in 7903.2.2.3.2 Solvents. Solvents shall be classified and shall be accordance with the Building Code as Group H.Division 2 or 3 compatible with the machines within which they are used. Occupancies shall be protected by an approved automatic fire-ex- tinguishing system in accordance with the Fire Code(see Section 7903.2.2.3.3 Machine capacities. The quantity of solvent used 9002, Standard 10-3). See also Section 1003.2.6. in a machine shall not exceed the listed design capacity of the ma- chine. 7903.2.3.3 Doors. Interior doors to rooms or portions of such buildings shall be self-closing and fire resistive in accordance 7903.2.2.3.4 Quantity limits. Quantities shall be limited as fol- with the Building Code. lows: 1. Machines without remote solvent reservoirs shall be limited 7903.2.3.4 Open systems. to quantities set forth in Section 7903.2.1.6. 7903.2.3.4.1 General. Use, dispensing and mixing of flam- mable and combustible liquids in open systems shall be in accor- 2. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class I liq- dance with Section 7903.2.3.4. uids shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 7903.2.1.6. 7903.2.3.4.2 Ventilation. Continuous mechanical ventilation Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class II liquids shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute shall be limited to 35 gallons (132.5 L) per machine. The total per square foot(5.1 Us per m2)of floor area over the design area. quantities shall not exceed an aggregate of 240 gallons(908.4 L) provisions shall be made for introduction of makeup air in such a per control area in buildings not protected by an approved auto- manner to include all floor areas or pits where vapors can collect. matic sprinkler system and an aggregate of 480 gallons(1817 L) Local or spot ventilation shall be provided when needed to prevent per control area in buildings protected by an approved automatic the accumulation of hazardous vapors.For ventilation system de- sprinkler system. sign, see the Building and Mechanical Codes. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class III-A liq- EXCEPTION:Where natural ventilation can be shown to be effec- uids shall be limited to 80 gallons(302.8 L)per machine. tive for the materials used,dispensed or mixed. 7903.2.2.3.5 Immersion soaking of parts. Work areas of ma- 7903.2.3.4.3 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro- chines with remote solvent reservoirs shall not be used for immer- vided for Class I liquids or where explosive vapor-air mixtures can sion soaking of parts. develop under normal operating conditions. Explosion control shall be designed in accordance with the Building Code. 7903.2.2.3.6 Separation. Multiple machines shall be separated 7903.2.3.4.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Spill from each other by a distance of not less than 30 feet(9144 mm)or control shall be provided in accordance with Section 7901.8 when by a one-hour occupancy separation. flammable or combustible liquids are dispensed into containers 7903.2.2.3.7 Ventilation. Machines shall be located in areas ad- exceeding 1.1-gallon(4 L)capacity or mixed or used in open con- equately ventilated to prevent accumulation of vapors. tainers or systems exceeding 5.3-gallon(20 L)capacity.Spill con- trol and secondary containment shall be provided in accordance 7903.2.2.3.8 Installation. Machines shall be installed in accor- with Section 7901.8 when the capacity of an individual container dance with their listings. exceeds 55 gallons(208 L)or the aggregate capacity of multiple containers or tanks exceeds 100 gallons(378.5 L). 7903.2.2.4 Cleaning operations conducted outside of listed and approved machines or designated rooms or buildings. 7903.2.3.5 Closed systems. The amount of Class I-B,I-C,II or III-A liquids in use outside of 7903.2.35.1 General. Use or mixing of flammable or combus- listed and approved machines or a room or building complying tible liquids in closed systems shall be in accordance with Section with Section 7903.2.3 shall not exceed that necessary to facilitate 7903.2.3.5. maintenance cleaning operations. Quantities in use shall not ex- ceed 5 gallons (18.9 L)of Class I-B or I-C liquids or 25 gallons 7903.2.3.5.2 Ventilation. Closed systems designed to be (94.6 L)of Class H or III-A liquids. opened as part of normal operations shall be provided with ven- tilation in accordance with Section 7903.2.3.4.2. 7903.2.3 Construction of rooms or buildings for use,dispens- ing and mixing of liquids in quantities exceeding exempt 7903.2.3.5.3 Explosion control. Explosion control shalt be pro- amounts. vided when an explosive environment can occur as a result of the dispensing,mixing or use process.Explosion control shall be de- 7903.2.3.1 General. When required by Section 7903.2.1.6.3 or signed in accordance with the Building Code. 7903.2.2.2,rooms or buildings used for use,dispensing and mix- EXCEPTION:When process vessels are designed to fully contain ing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process with Section 7903.2.3. conditions considering the most likely failure. 7903.2.3.2 Construction,location and fire protection. 7903.2.3.5.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Spill control shall be provided in accordance with Section 7901.8 when 7903.2.3.2.1 General. Rooms or buildings which are classified flammable or combustible liquids are dispensed into or used or in accordance with the Building Code as Group H,Division 2 or 3 mixed in containers exceeding 55-gallon (208 L)capacity. Spill Occupancies based on use,dispensing or mixing of flammable or control and secondary containment shall be provided in accor- combustible liquids shall be constructed in accordance with the dance with Section 7901.8 when the aggregate capacity of multi- Building Code. ple containers or tanks exceeds 1,000 gallons(3785 L). 1-200 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7903.3 7903.4.7.2 7903.3 Use, Dispensing, Mixing and Handling Outside of Solvent-distillation units used to recycle Class I,II or III-A liq- Buildings. uids,having a distillation chamber capacity exceeding 60 gallons (227.1 L)shall be used in locations that comply with the use and 7903.3.1 General. Outside dispensing operations shall be in ac- mixing requirements of Section 7903 and other applicable provi- cordance with Section 7903.3. sions in Article 79. Dispensing of liquids into motor vehicle fuel tanks at motor ve- Classes I,Il and III-A liquids also classified as unstable(reac- hicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accordance with Article tive)shall not be processed in solvent-distillation units. 52. EXCEPTION: Appliances listed for the distillation of unstable 7903.3.2 Spill control and drainage control. Outside dispens- (reactive)solvents. ing areas shall be provided with spill control and drainage control 7903.4.2 Labeling. A permanent label shall be affixed to the as set forth in Section 7901.8. unit by the manufacturer.The label shall indicate the capacity of the distillation chamber,the distance the unit shall be placed away 7903.3.3 Location on property. Dispensing activities that ex- from sources of ignition and the products for which the unit has ceed the amounts set forth in Table 7903.3-A shall not be con- been listed for use.The label may refer to the instruction manual ducted within 15 feet (4572 mm) of buildings or combustible for a list of the products. materials or within 25 feet(7620 mm)of building openings,prop- 7903.4.3 Manufacturer's instruction manual. An instruction erty lines,streets,alleys or public ways.Dispensing activities that manual shall be provided.The manual shall be readily available exceed the amounts set forth in Table 7903.3-A shall not be con- for the user and the chief.The manual shall include installation, ducted within 15 feet(4572 nun)of storage of Class 1,H or III liq- use and servicing instructions. It shall identify the liquids for uids unless such liquids are stored in protected aboveground tanks which the unit has been listed for distillation purposes along with in accordance with Section 7902.1.9. each liquid's flash point and auto-ignition temperature.For units 7903.3.4 Location of processing vessels. Processing vessels with adjustable controls,the manual shall include directions for shall be located with respect to distances to lines of adjoin- setting the heater temperature for each liquid to be distilled. ing property which can be built on in accordance with 7903.4.4 Location. Solvent distillation units shall be used in Table 7903.2-A. locations in accordance with the listing.Units shall not be used in EXCEPTION:In refineries and distilleries. basements. 7903.4 Solvent Distillation Units. 7903.4.5 Storage of liquids. Distilled liquids and liquids await- ing distillation shall be stored in accordance with Section 7902. 7903.4.1 General. Solvent distillation units used to recycle 7903.4.6 Storage of residues. Hazardous residue from the dis- Class I,II or III-A liquids having a distillation chamber capacity of 60 gallons(227.1 L)or less shall be listed,labeled and installed in tillation process shall be stored in accordance with Articles 79 and accordance with Section 7903.4 and nationally recognized stan- 80. dards. See Article 90,Standard u.1.17. 7903.4.7 Portable fire extinguishers. EXCEPTIONS:1.Solvent distillation units installed in dry-clean- 7903.4.7.1 Type. Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be ing plants in accordance with Section 3603. provided in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1,except as speci- 2. Solvent distillation units used in continuous throughput industri- fied in Section 7903.4.7.2. al processes where the source of heat is remotely supplied using steam, hot water,oil or other heat-transfer fluids,the temperature of which is 7903.4.7.2 Size and location. At least one portable fire extin- below the auto-ignition point of the solvent(s). guisher having a rating of not less than 40-B shall be located not 3. Solvent distillation units listed for and used in laboratories. less than 10 feet(3048 mm)or more than 30 feet(9144 mm)from 4. Approved research,testing and experimental processes. any solvent distillation unit. 1-201 TABLE 7903.2-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7903.3-A TABLE 7903.2-A—SEPARATION OF PROCESSING VESSELS FROM PROPERTY LINES (See Sections 7903.2.1.5 and 7903.3.4) PROCESSING VESSELS WITH EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING TO ALLOW PRESSURE LOCATION1 x 6.895 for kPa Stable Liquids Unstable Liquids Not in excess of 2.5 psig Table 7902.2-F 21/2 times Table 7902.2-F Over 2.5 psig 11/,times Table 7902.2-F 4 times Table 7902.2-F 1 Double distances where protection of exposure is not provided. TABLE 7903.2-B—EXEMPT AMOUNTS FOR USE,DISPENSING AND MIXING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS— MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA1,2 (See Section 7903.2.1.6) QUANTITY(gallons) x 3.785 for L CLASS OF LIQUID Use-CIOSed3,4,5 Use—Open,Dispensing and Mixing3,4,5 Flammable Class I-A 30 10 Class I-B 60 15 Class I-C 90 20 Combination Class I-A,I-B and I-C 1206 306 Combustible Class II 120 30 Class III-A 330 80 Class III-B 13,2007 3,3007 1 Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. zSpecial conditions may be imposed by the chief regarding locations,types of containers,dispensing units,fire-control measures and other factors involving fire safety. 3Quantities are allowed to be increased 100 percent in buildings protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. 4The use of Class I,II and 111-A liquids for cleaning,including the allowance of increased quantifies in listed and approved remote reservoir parts-cleaning machines, shall be in accordance with Section 7903.2.2. 5The amounts in use shall be considered as contributing to the exempt amounts for storage in accordance with Section 7902.5.7. 6Containing not more than the exempt amounts of each individual class. 7The quantities allowed in a sprinklered building are not limited. TABLE 7903.3-A—EXEMPT AMOUNTS FOR DISPENSING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS—MAXIMUM QUANTITIES ALLOWED IN OUTDOOR AREA PER SINGLE PROPERTY UNDER SAME OWNERSHIP OR CONTROL1,2 (See Section 7903.3.3) QUANTITY(gallons) CLASS OF LIQUID x 3.785 for L Flammable Class I-A 10 Class 1-13 15 Class I-C 20 Combination Class I-A,1-13 and I-C 303 Combustible Class 11 30 Class III-A 80 Class III-B 3,300 1For definition of OUTDOOR AREA,see Section 7901.2.2. zSpecial conditions may be imposed by the chief regarding locations,types of containers,dispensing units,fire-control mea- sures and other factors involving fire safety. 3Containing not more than the exempt amounts of each individual class. 1-202 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904 7904.2.8.1 SECTION 7904—SPECIAL OPERATIONS prevents localized overheating or flame impingement on any part 7904.1 General. The following special operations shall be in ac- of the tank in the event vapors from such vents are ignited. cordance with Sections 7901,7902 and 7903 except as provided in 7904.2.5.4 Location. Section 7904. 7904.2.5.4.1 General. Tanks containing Class I or II liquids 1. Storage and dispensing of flammable and combustible liq- shall be kept outside of and at least 50 feet (15 240 mm) from uids on farms and construction sites. buildings and combustible storage. Additional distance shall be 2. Well drilling and operating. provided when necessary to ensure that vehicles,equipment and containers being filled directly from such tanks will not be less 3. Bulk plants or terminals. than 50 feet(15 240 mm)from structures,haystacks or other com- 4. Loading and unloading of tank vehicles and tank cars. bustible storage. 5. Tank vehicles and tank vehicle operation. 7904.2.5.4.2 Locations where aboveground tanks are prohib- 6. Refineries. ited. The storage of Class I and II liquids in aboveground tanks is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of dis- 7904.2 Storage and Dispensing of Flammable and Combus- tricts in which such storage is prohibited.(See sample adoption or- tible Liquids on Farms and Construction Sites. dinance, Section 4.) 7904.2.1 General. Permanent and temporary storage and dis- 7904.2.5.5 Type of tank. pensing of Class I and II liquids for private use on farms and rural 7904.2.5.5.1 General. Tanks shall be provided with top open- areas and at construction sites,earth-moving projects,gravel pits ings only or shall be elevated for gravity discharge. or borrow pits shall be in accordance with Section 7904.2. EXCEPTION: Storage and use of fuel-oil and containers con- nected with oil-buming equipment regulated by Article 61 and the Me- openings only shall be mounted as follows: chanical Code. 1. On well-constructed metal legs connected to shoes or run- 7904.2.2 Combustibles and open flames near tanks. Storage ners designed so that the tank is stabilized and the entire tank and areas shall he kept free of weeds and extraneous combustible ma- its supports can be moved as a unit,or terial. Open flames and smoking are prohibited in flammable or 2. For stationary tanks, on a stable base of timbers or blocks combustible liquid storage areas. approximately 6 inches(152.4 mm)in height which prevents the 7904.2.3 Marking of tanks and containers. Tanks and contain- tank from contacting the ground. ers for the storage of liquids aboveground shall be conspicuously Tanks with top openings only shall be equipped with a tightly marked with the name of the product which they contain and and permanently attached, approved pumping device having an FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIRE AND FLAME AWAY.Tanks shall approved hose of sufficient length for filling vehicles,equipment bear the additional marking KEEP 50 FEET (15.2 METERS) or containers to be served from the tank. Either the pump or the FROM BUILDINGS. hose shall be equipped with a padlock to its hanger to prevent tam- pering.An effective antisiphoning device shall be included in the 7904.2.4 Containers for storage and use. Metal containers pump discharge unless a self-closing nozzle is provided.Siphons used for storage of Class I or II liquids shall be in accordance with or internal pressure discharge devices shall not be used. DOT requirements or shall be of an approved design. Discharge devices shall be of a type that does not develop an in- 7904.2.5.5.3 Tanks for gravity discharge. Tanks with a con- nection in the bottom or the end for gravity dispensing liquids ternal pressure on the container. Pumping devices or approved shall be mounted and equipped as follows: self-closing faucets used for dispensing liquids shall not leak and shall be well maintained.Individual containers shall not be inter- 1. Supports to elevate the tank for gravity discharge shall be of connected and shall be kept closed when not in use. adequate strength and designed to provide stability, and Containers stored outside and inside of buildings shall be in ac- 2• Bottom or end openings for gravity discharge shall be cordance with Section 7902 and the Building Code. equipped with a valve located adjacent to the tank shell which will close automatically in the event of fire through the operation of an 7904.2.5 Permanent and temporary tanks for storage and effective heat-actuated releasing device. If this valve cannot be use. operated manually,it shall be supplemented by a second manually 7904.25.1 General. The capacity of permanent aboveground operated valve. The gravity discharge outlet shall be provided tanks containing Class I or II with an approved hose equipped with a self-closing valve at the liquids shall not exceed 1,100 gallons discharge end of a type that can be padlocked to its hanger. (4163.9 L). The capacity of temporary aboveground tanks con- taining Class I or II liquids shall not exceed 10,000 gallons 7904.2.6 Spill control, drainage control and diking. Indoor (37 854 L). Tanks shall be of single-compartment design, storage and dispensing areas shall be provided with spill control constructed in accordance with Section 7902.1.8.2. and drainage control as set forth in Section 7901.8.Outdoor stor- 7904.2.5.2 Fill opening security. Fill openings shall be age areas shall be provided with drainage control or diking as set equipped with a locking closure device.Fill openings shall be sep- forth in Section 7902.2.8. arate from vent openings. 7904.2.7 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguish- ers with a minimum rating of 20-B:C shall be provided when re- 7904.2.5.3 Vents. Tanks shall be provided with a method of nor- quired by the chief. mal and emergency venting.The diameter of normal vents shall be in accordance with Table 7904.2-A.Normal vents shall also be in 7904.2.8 Dispensing from tank vehicles. accordance with Section 7902.1.13. 7904.2.8.1 General. When approved,liquids used as fuels may Emergency vents shall be in accordance with Section 7902.2.6. be transferred from tank vehicles into the tanks of motor vehicles Emergency vents shall be arranged to discharge in a manner which or special equipment,provided: 1-203 7904.2.8.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.4.3.1 1. The tank vehicle's specific function is that of supplying fuel tanks,or other appurtenances to such wells shall be kept free of dry to motor vehicle fuel tanks, weeds, grass, rubbish or other combustible material at all times. 2. The dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet(15 240 mm)in When,in the opinion of the chief,the distance is not sufficient to length, provide reasonable fire safety,a greater distance may be required, not to exceed the height of a derrick or greatest dimension of a 3. The dispensing nozzle is an approved type, tank. 4. The dispensing hose is properly placed on the approved reel 7904.3.4 Sumps. or in a compartment provided before the tank vehicle is moved, 7904.3.4.1 Maximum width. Sumps or other basins for the 5. Signs prohibiting smoking or open flame within 25 feet retention of oil or petroleum products shall not exceed 12 feet (7620 mm)of a tank vehicle or the point of refueling are promi- (3658 mm)in width. nently posted on the tank vehicle, 7904.3.4.2 Backfilling. Sumps or other basins for the retention 6. Electrical devices and wiring in areas where fuel dispensing of oil or petroleum products larger than 6 feet by 6 feet by 6 feet is conducted are in accordance with the Electrical Code, (1829 mm by 1829 mm by 1829 mm)shall not be maintained lon- 7. Vapor-recovery systems are provided in accordance with ger than 60 days after the cessation of drilling operations. Section 5202.13, 7904.3.4.3 Security. Sumps, diversion ditches and depressions 8. Tank vehicle dispensing equipment is operated only by des- used as sumps shall be securely fenced or covered. ignated personnel who are trained to handle and dispense motor 7904.3.5 Prevention of blowouts. Adequate protection shall be fuels,and provided to control and prevent the blowout of a well.Protection 9. Provisions are made for controlling and mitigating unautho- equipment shall meet federal,state and other applicable jurisdic- rized discharges. tion requirements. 7904.2.8.2 Location. Dispensing from tank vehicles shall be 7904.3.6 Storage tanks. Storage of flammable or combustible conducted at least 50 feet(15 240 mm)from structures or combus- liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with Section 7902.Each oil tible storage. storage tank or group of tanks shall have posted in a conspicuous place on or near such tank or tanks an approved sign with the name 7904.3 Well Drilling and Operating. of the owner or operator,name or number of lease and the tele- phone number where a responsible person can be reached at any 7904.3.1 General. Wells for oil and natural gas shall be drilled time. and operated in accordance with Section 7904.3. 7904.3.7 Soundproofing. Where soundproofing material is re- 7904.3.2 Location. quired during field operations,such material shall be noncombus- 7904.3.2.1 Storage tanks and sources of ignition. Well heads tible. shall not be located within 25 feet(7620 mm)of storage tanks or EXCEPTION: Fire-retardant treated material may be used and boilers,fired heaters,open-flame devices or other sources of igni- maintained when approved. lion. Smoking is prohibited at wells or tank locations except as 7904.3.8 Signs. Well locations shall have posted in a conspicu- designated and in approved posted areas. ous place an approved sign with the name of the owner or operator, EXCEPTION:Engines used in the drilling,production and serving name or number of the lease,and number of the well.Such signs of wells. shall be maintained on the premises from the time materials are delivered for drilling purposes until the well is abandoned. within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of any dedicated public street,high- Streets and railways. Wells shall not be drilled 7904.3.9 Field loading racks. Field loading racks shall be in ac- ithin way or nearest rail of an operating railway. cordance with Section 7904.5. 7904.3.2.3 Buildings. Wells shall not be drilled within 100 feet 7904.4 Bulk Plants or Terminals. (30 480 mm) of buildings not necessary to the operation of the 7904.4.1 General. Portions of properties where flammable and well. combustible liquids are received by tank vessels,pipelines,tank Wells shall not be drilled within 300 feet(91 440 min)of build- cars or tank vehicles and are stored or blended in bulk for the pur- ings used as a place of assembly,institution or school. pose of distributing such liquids by tank vessels,pipelines,tank cars,tank vehicles or containers shall be in accordance with Sec- When wells are existing, buildings shall not be constructed tion 7904.4. within the distances set forth in Section 7904.3 for separation of 7904.4.2 Buildings. wells and buildings. 7904.4.2.1 Construction. Buildings shall be constructed in ac- 7904.3.3 Waste Control. cordance with the Building Code. 7904.3.3.1 Discharge on a street or water channel. Liquids 7904.4.2.2 Means of egress. Rooms in which liquids are stored, containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be discharged used or transferred by pumps shall have means of egress arranged into or on streets, highways, drainage canals or ditches, storm to prevent occupants from being trapped in the event of fire. drains,or flood-control channels. 7904.4.2.3 Heating. Rooms in which Class I liquids are stored 7904.3.3.2 Discharge and combustible materials on or used shall be heated only by means not constituting a source of ground. The surface of the ground under, around or near wells, ignition,such as steam or hot water.Rooms containing heating ap- pumps,boilers,oil storage tanks or buildings shall be kept free of pliances involving sources of ignition shall be located and ar- oil,waste oil, refuse or waste material. ranged to prevent entry of flammable vapors. EXCEPTION:Material within an oil sump or tank. 7904.4.3 Ventilation. 7904.3.3.3 Clearing around wells and tanks. Land within 7904.4.3.1 General. Ventilation shall be provided for rooms, 25 feet (7620 mm) of wells, flammable or combustible liquid buildings and enclosures in which Class I liquids are pumped, 1-204 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.4.3.1 7904.4.7 used or transferred.Design of ventilation systems shall consider vices shall be tested at not more than yearly intervals to determine the relatively high specific gravity of the vapors. When natural that they function satisfactorily at the pressure at which they are ventilation is used,adequate openings in outside walls at floor lev- set. el,unobstructed except by louvers or coarse screens,shall be pro- pressure hoses and couplings shall be inspected at intervals ap- vided. Where natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical propriate to the service. With the hose extended, hose and cou- ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the Mechanical plings shall be tested using in-service maximum operating Code. pressures. Hoses showing material deteriorations, signs of leak- 7904.4.3.2 Basements and pits. Class I liquids shall not be age,or weakness in its carcass or at the couplings shall be with- stored or used within a building having a basement or pit into drawn from service and repaired or discarded. which flammable vapors can travel,unless such area is provided 7904.4.6.5 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping, valves and fit- with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flam- tings shall be in accordance with Section 7901.11,except as fol- mable vapors therein. lows: 7904.4.3.3 Dispensing of Class I liquids. Containers of Class 1 1. Flexibility of piping shall be assured by appropriate layout liquids shall not be drawn from or filled within buildings unless a and arrangement of piping supports so that motion of the wharf provision is made to prevent the accumulation of flammable va- structure resulting from wave action,currents,tides or the moor- pors in hazardous concentrations.Where mechanical ventilation ing of vessels will not subject the pipe to repeated strain above the is required,it shall be kept in operation while flammable vapors elastic limit. could be present. 2. Pipe joints depending on the friction characteristics of com- 7904.4.4 Storage. Storage of Class I,II and III-A liquids in bulk bustible materials or grooving of pipe ends for mechanical conti- plants shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Ar- nuity of piping shall not be used. ticle 79. 3. Swivel joints are allowed in piping to which hoses are con- 7904.4.5 Overfill protection of Class I liquids. Manual and au- nected and for articulated swivel-joint transfer systems. Swivel tomatic systems shall be provided to prevent overfill during the joints shall be designed such that the mechanical strength of the transfer of Class I liquids from mainline pipelines and marine ves- joint will not be impaired if the packing material were to fail. sels in accordance with nationally recognized standards.See Ar- 4. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to ticle 90, Standard a.3.19. operate the system properly and to control the flow of liquid in 7904.4.6 Wharves. normal operation and in the event of physical damage. 5. In addition to the requirements of Item 4,each line convey- 7904.4.6.1 General. Wharves, including piers, bulkheads and ing Class I and II liquids leading to a wharf shall be provided with a other structures over or contiguous to navigable water having a readily accessible block valve located on shore near the approach primary function of transferring liquid cargo in bulk between to the wharf and outside of any diked area.Where more than one shore installations and tank vessels,ships,barges,lighter boats or line is involved,the valves shall be grouped in one location. other mobile floating craft, shall be in accordance with Sec- tion 7904.4.6. 6. Means of easy access shall be provided for cargo line valves located below the wharf deck. EXCEPTION:Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations.See Section 5202.11. 7. Piping on wharves shall be adequately bonded and grounded 7904.4.6.2 Transferring times. Package cargo of liquids, in- if Class I and II liquids are transported.If excessive stray currents cluding full and empty drums,bulk fuel and stores,shall only be are encountered,insulating joints shall be installed.Bonding and transported over a wharf during cargo transfer at such times and Founding connections on all piping shall be located on the wharf places as agreed on by the wharf superintendent and the senior side of hose riser insulating flanges,if used,and shall be accessi- deck officer on duty. ble for inspection. 8. Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe connections used for 7904.4.6.3 Transferring locations. Wharves at which liquid cargo transfer shall be capable of accommodating the combined cargoes are to be transferred in bulk quantities to or from tank ves- effects of change in draft and maximum tidal range,and mooring sels shall be at least 100 feet(30 480 min)from bridges over a nav- lines shall be kept adjusted to prevent surge of the vessel from igable waterway, or from an entrance to or superstructure of placing stress on the cargo transfer system. vehicular or railroad tunnels under a waterway.The termination of 9. Hoses shall be supported to avoid kinking and damage from fixed piping used for loading or unloading at a wharf shall be at least 200 feet(60 960 mm)from bridges or from entrances to or chafing. superstructures of tunnels. 7904.4.6.6 Loading and unloading. Loading or discharging 7904.4.6.4 Cargo vessels and transfer equipment. Substruc- shall not commence until the wharf superintendent and officer in ture and decking shall be substantially designed for the use in- charge of the tank vessel agree that the tank vessel is properly tended. Decking shall be constructed of materials which will moored and connections are properly made. afford the desired combination of flexibility,resistance to shock, 7904.4.6.7 Mechanical work. Mechanical work shall not be durability,strength and fire resistance.Heavy timber construction performed on the wharf during cargo transfer,except under spe- is acceptable. cial authorization by the chief based on a review of the area in- Installation of tanks used exclusively for ballast water or Class volved, methods to be employed and precautions necessary. II or III liquids on suitably designed wharves is allowed. 7904.4.7 Sources of ignition. Class I,II or III-A liquids shall not Loading pumps capable of building up pressures in excess of be used,drawn or dispensed where flammable vapors can reach a the safe working pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall be source of ignition. Smoking is prohibited except in designated provided with bypasses, relief valves or other arrangements to locations. NO SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously posted protect the loading facilities against excessive pressure.Relief de- where a hazard from flammable vapors is normally present. 1-205 ARTICLE 79 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.5 7904.4.8 Drainage control. Loading and unloading areas 7904.5.1.7 Static protection.Static protection shall be provided shall be provided with drainage control in accordance with Sec- to prevent the accumulation of static charges during transfer op- tion 7901.8. erations. Bonding facilities shall be provided during the transfer through open domes where Class I liquids are transferred, or 7904.4.9 Fire protection. where Class II and III liquids are transferred into tank vehicles or 7904.4.9.1 General. Fire protection shall be in accordance with tank cars that could contain vapors from previous cargoes of Class Articles 9 and 10 and Section 7904.4.9. I liquids. Protection shall consist of a metallic bond wire permanently 7904.4.9.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Suitable portable fire electrically connected to the fill stem.The fill pipe assembly shall extinguishers with a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located form a continual electrically conductive path downstream from within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of those portions of the facility where the point of bonding.The free end of such bond wire shall be pro- fires are likely to occur,such as hose connections,pumps and sep- vided with a clamp or equivalent device for convenient attach- arator tanks. ment to some metallic part in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank vehicle or tank car.For tank vehicles,protection shall 7904.4.9.3 Fire hoses. Where piped water is available, ready- consist of a flexible bond wire of adequate strength for the in- connected fire hose in a size appropriate for the water supply shall tended service and the electrical resistance shall not exceedl meg- be provided so that manifolds where connections are made and ohm.For tank cars,bonding shall be provided where the resistance broken can be reached by at least one hose stream. of a tank car to ground through the rails is 25 ohms or greater. 7904.4.9.4 Obstruction of equipment. Material shall not be Such bonding connection shall be fastened to the vehicle,car or placed on wharves in such a manner which would obstruct access tank before dome covers are raised and shall remain in place until to firefighting equipment or important pipeline control valves. filling is complete and all dome covers have been closed and se- cured. 7904.4.9.5 Fire apparatus access. Where the wharf is accessi- ble to vehicle traffic,an unobstructed roadway to the shore end of EXCEPTIONS:1.Where vehicles and cars are loaded exclusively the wharf shall be maintained for access of firefighting apparatus. with products not having a static-accumulating tendency,such as as- phalt,cutback asphalt,most crude oils,residual oils and water-soluble See Section 902. liquids. 7904.5 Transfer Operations. 2.When Class I liquids are not handled at the transfer facility and the tank vehicles are used exclusively for Class Il and III liquids. 7904.5.1 General.Bulk transfer and process transfer operations 3.Where vehicles and cars are loaded or unloaded through closed and the dispensing of fuel into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and top or bottom connections whether the hose is conductive or noncon- special equipment shall be approved and shall be in accordance ductive. with Section 7904.5. For motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations, Filling through open domes into the tanks of tank vehicles or see Article 52. tank cars that contain vapor-air mixtures within the flammable range or where the liquid being filled can form such a mixture, 7904.5.1.1 Location. Bulk transfer and process transfer opera- shall be by means of a downspout that extends near the bottom of tions shall be in approved locations.Tank cars shall be unloaded the tank. only on private sidings or railroad siding facilities equipped for transferring flammable or combustible liquids.Tank vehicle and 7904.5.1.8 Stray current protection.Tank car loading facilities tank car transfer facilities shall be separated from buildings,abo- where Class I, II or III-A liquids are transferred through open veground tanks,combustible materials,property lines,streets,al- domes shall be protected against stray currents by permanently leys or public ways by a distance of 25 feet(7620 mm)for Class I bonding the pipe to at least one rail and to the transfer apparatus. liquids and 15 feet(4572 mm)for Class II and III liquids measured Multiple pipes entering the transfer areas shall be permanently from the nearest position of any loading or unloading valve. electrically bonded together. In areas where excessive stray cur- rents are known to exist,all pipes entering the transfer area shall be 7904.5.1.2 Weather protection canopies.When weather protec- provided with insulating sections to electrically isolate the trans- tion canopies are provided, they shall be constructed in accor- fer apparatus from the pipelines. dance with Section 8003.1.14.Weather protection canopies shall not be located within 15 feet(4572 mm)of a building or combus- 7904.5.1.9 Top loading. When top loading a tank vehicle with tible material or within 25 feet(7620 mm) of building openings, Class I and II liquids without vapor control,valves used for the fi- property lines,streets,alleys or public ways. nal control of flow shall be of the self-closing type and shall be manually held open,except where automatic means are provided 7904.5.1.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided to prevent for shutting off the flow when the tank is full. When used,auto- accumulation of vapors. See Section 7903.2.3.4.2. matic shutoff systems shall be provided with a manual shutoff valve located at a safe distance from the loading nozzle to stop the 7904.5.1.4 Sources of ignition.Sources of ignition shall be con- flow if the automatic system fails. trolled or eliminated.See Section 7901.10. When top loading a tank vehicle with vapor control,flow con- 7904.5.1.5 Spill control and secondary containment. Areas trol shall be in accordance with Section 7904.5.1.10.Self-closing where transfer operations are located shall be provided with spill valves shall not be tied or locked in the open position. control and secondary containment.The spill control and secon- dary containment system shall have a design capacity capable of 7904.5.1.10 Bottom loading. When bottom loading a tank ve- containing the capacity of the largest tank compartment located in hicle or tank car with or without vapor control,a positive means the area where transfer operations are conducted.Containment of shall be provided for loading a predetermined quantity of liquid, the rainfall volume specified in Section 8003.1.3.3 is not required. together with an automatic secondary shutoff control to prevent overfill.The connecting components between the transfer equip- 7904.5.1.6 Fire protection.Fire protection shall be in accordance ment and the tank vehicle or tank car required to operate the secon- with Section 7901.5. dary control shall be functionally compatible. 1-206 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLES 79-80 7904.5 When bottom loading a tank vehicle,the coupling between the EXCEPTIONS:1.Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations comply- liquid loading hose or pipe and the truck piping shall be a dry dis- ing with Article 52. connect coupling. 2.Installations where adequate public safety exists due to isolation, natural barriers or other factors as determined appropriate by the chief. When bottom loading a tank vehicle or tank car that is equipped 7904.5.2 Bulk transfer.Bulk transfer shall be in accordance with for vapor control and vapor control is not used,the tank shall be vented to the atmosphere to prevent pressurization of the tank. Section 7904.5.1 and this section. Such venting shall be at a height equal to or greater than the top of 7904.5.2.1 Vehicle motor.Motors of tank vehicles or tank cars the cargo tank. shall be shut off during the making and breaking of hose connec- Connections to the plant vapor-control system shall be designed tions and during the unloading operation. to prevent the escape of vapor to the atmosphere when not con- EXCEPTION:When unloading is performed with a pump deriv- nected to a tank vehicle or tank car. ing its power from the tank vehicle motor. Vapor-processing equipment shall be separated from above- 7904.5.3 Process transfer.Process transfer shall be in accordance ground tanks,warehouses,other plant buildings,transfer facilities with Section 7904.5.1 and this section. or the nearest line of adjoining property that can be built on by a 7904.5.3.1 Piping, valves, hoses and fittings. Piping, valves, distance of at least 25 feet(7620 mm). Vapor-processing equip- hoses and fittings that are not a part of the tank vehicle or tank car ment shall be protected from physical damage by remote location, shall be in accordance with Sections 7901.11 and 7904.5.3.2.Caps guardrails,curbs or fencing. or plugs that prevent leakage or spillage shall be provided at all 7904.5.1.11 Switch loading.Tank vehicles or tank cars that have points of connection to transfer piping. previously contained Class I liquids shall not be loaded with Class 7904.5.3.1.1 Shutoff valves.Approved thermally activated auto- II or III liquids until such vehicles and all piping,pumps,hoses and matic-closing shutoff valves and manual valves shall be provided meters connected thereto have been completely drained and where the transfer hose connects to the process piping,and on both flushed. sides of any exterior fire-rated wall through which the piping 7904.5.1.12 Loading racks.When provided loading racks,stairs passes.Manual shutoff valves shall be arranged so that they are ac- cessible from grade.Valves shall not be locked in the open posi- or platforms shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. tion. Buildings for pumps or for shelter of loading personnel are al- lowed to be part of the loading rack.Wiring and electrical equip- 7904.5.3.1.2 Hydrostatic relief.Hydrostatic pressure limiting or ment located within 25 feet (7620 mm) of any portion of the relief devices shall be provided where pressure buildup in trapped loading rack shall be in accordance with the requirements of Sec- sections of the system could exceed the design pressure of the tion 7901.4. components of the system.Devices shall relieve to another portion of the system or to another approved location. 7904.5.1.13 Transfer apparatus.Bulk and process transfer appa- ratus shall be of an approved type. 7904.5.3.1.3 Anti-siphon valves. Anti-siphon valves shall be provided when the system design would allow siphonage. 7904.5.1.14 Inside buildings.Tank vehicles and tank cars shall 7904.5.3.2 Vents. Normal and emergency vents shall be main- not be located inside a building while transferring Class 1, II or tained operable at all times. III-A liquids,unless approved. EXCEPTION:Tank vehicles are allowed under weather protection 7904.5.3.3 Motive power.Motive power shall be disconnected canopies and canopies of automobile motor vehicle fuel-dispensing and removed from the area of the process transfer operation prior stations.See Sections 7904.5.1 and 7904.5.1.2. to connecting the tank vehicle or tank car to the process piping. 7904.5.1.15 Tank vehicle and tank car certification.Certifica- 7904.5.4 Dispensing fuel from tank vehicles and tank cars. tion shall be maintained for tank vehicles and tank cars in accor- Class I and II liquids shall not be dispensed from tank vehicles or dance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90, tank cars into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and special equip- Standard u.3.3. ment except as provided in, and conducted in accordance with, 7904.5.1.16 Stability. Section 7904.5.4. 7904.5.4.1 Pumps. Positive displacement pumps shall be pro- 7904.5.1.16.1 Tank vehicles.When the vehicle is parked for load- vided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank,pump suc- ing or unloading,the cargo trailer portion of the tank vehicle shall tion or other suitable location,or shall be provided with interlocks be secured in a manner that will prevent unintentional movement. to prevent overpressure. 7904.5.1.16.2 Chock blocks.At least two chock blocks not less 7904.5.4.2 Pressured systems.When gases are introduced to pro- than 5 inches by 5 inches by 12 inches(127 mm by 127 mm by vide for liquid transfer by pressure,only inert gases shall be used, 304.8 mm)in size and dished to fit the contour of the tires shall be and controls,including pressure-relief devices,shall be provided used during transfer operations of tank vehicles. to limit the pressure so that it cannot exceed the maximum work- 7904.5.1.16.3 Tank cars.Brakes shall be set and the wheels shall ing pressure of tanks, containers and piping systems. When de- be blocked to prevent rolling. vices operating through pressure within a tank or container are used,the tank or container shall be a pressure vessel approved for 7904.5.1.17 Monitoring.Transfer operations shall be monitored the intended use.Air or oxygen shall not be used for pressuriza- by an approved monitoring system or by an attendant.When mon- tion. itoring is by an attendant,the operator or other competent person 7904.5.4.3 Marine craft and special equipment. When ap- shall be present at all times. proved,dispensing of fuels from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks 7904.5.1.18 Security.Transfer operations shall be surrounded by of marine craft and special equipment is allowed in accordance a noncombustible fence not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)in height. with the following: Tank vehicles and tank cars shall not be loaded or unloaded unless 1.The tank vehicle's specific function is that of supplying fuel such vehicles are entirely within the fenced area. to fuel tanks. 1-207 7904.5 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.6.5.2.2 2.The operation is not performed where the public has access or 7904.6.3.6 Overfill protection. The driver, operator or atten- where there is unusual exposure to life and property. dant of a tank vehicle shall,before making delivery to a tank,de- 3.The dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet(15 240 mm)in termine the unfilled capacity of such tank by a suitable gaging length. device. To prevent overfilling, the driver, operator or attendant shall not deliver in excess of that amount. 4. The dispensing nozzle is approved. 7904.6.3.7 Securing hatches. During loading, hatch covers 7904.5.4.4 Emergency refueling.When approved,dispensing of shall be secured on all but the receiving compartments. fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles is al- 7904.6.3.8 Simultaneous delivery. Simultaneous delivery to lowed during emergencies in accordance with Sections 7904.2.8 underground tanks from two or more discharge hoses shall be and 7904.6. made by means of mechanically tight connections between the 7904.5.4.5 Aircraft fueling. Dispensing of fuel from tank ve- hose and fill pipe. hicles into the fuel tanks of aircraft is allowed in accordance with 7904.6.3.9 Covers closed in transit. Dome covers shall be Section 2402. closed and latched while the tank vehicle is in transit. 7904.5.4.6 Fueling of vehicles at farms,construction sites and 7904.6.3.10 Liquid temperature. Materials shall not be loaded similar areas. Dispensing fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel into or transported in a tank vehicle at a temperature above the ma- tanks of motor vehicles for private use on farms and rural areas and terial's ignition temperature unless safeguarded in an approved at construction sites, earth-moving projects,gravel pits and bor- manner. row pits is allowed in accordance with Section 7904.2.8. 7904.6.3.11 Low vapor-pressure liquids. Flammable and com- 7904.6 Tank Vehicles and Vehicle Operation. bustible liquids with a vapor pressure of 40 psi(275.8 kPa)abso- lute or less at 100°F (37.8°C) shall be loaded into cargo tanks 7904.6.1 General. Tank vehicles shall be designed,constructed, designed and constructed in accordance with Section 7904.6.1. equipped and maintained in accordance with UFC Standard 79-4 and Section 7904.6. 7904.6.3.12 Bonding of fill stem. Cargo tanks shall be bonded to the fill stem or some part of the rack structure which is electri- 7904.6.2 Full trailers and semitrailers. cally interconnected with the fill-stem piping. 7904.6.2.1 Attachments. Trailers shall be firmly and securely EXCEPTIONS: 1.Tank vehicles used for asphalt. attached to the vehicle drawing them in a manner conforming with 2.Tank vehicles loading flammable or combustible liquids through bottom connections. accepted engineering practice. 3.Tank vehicles used exclusively for transporting Class III liquids 7904.6.2.2 Brakes. Full trailers and semitrailers shall be when loaded at locations where Class I and II liquids are not handled. equipped with reliable brakes on all wheels,and adequate provi- 7904.6.3.13 Bonding to underground tanks. An external sions shall be made for their efficient operation from the driver's bond-wire connection or bond-wire integral with a hose shall be seat of the vehicle drawing the trailer or semitrailer. provided for the transferring of flammable liquids through open 7904.6.2.3 Trailer connections. Trailer connections shall pre- connections into underground tanks. vent the towed vehicle from whipping or swerving from side to 7904.6.4 Smoking. Smoking by tank vehicle drivers,helpers or side dangerously or unreasonably and shall cause the trailer to fol- other personnel is prohibited while they are driving,making deliv- low substantially in the path of the towing vehicle. eries,filling or making repairs to tank vehicles. 7904.6.3 Operation of tank vehicles. 7904.6.5 Parking. 7904.6.3.1 Vehicle maintenance. Tank vehicles shall not be op- 7904.6.5.1 General. Parking of tank vehicles shall be in accor- erated unless they are in proper repair and free of accumulation of dance with Section 7904.6.5. grease, oil or other flammables, and leaks. EXCEPTION:In cases of accident,breakdown or other emergen- cies,tank vehicles are allowed to be parked and left unattended at any 7904.6.3.2 Leaving vehicle unattended. The driver, operator location while the operator is obtaining assistance. or attendant of a tank vehicle shall not leave the vehicle while it is 7904.6.5.2 Unattended parking. being filled or discharged.The delivery hose,when attached to a 7904.6.5.2.1 Parking near residential,educational and insti- tank vehicle, shall be considered to be a part of the tank vehicle. tutional occupancies and other high-risk areas. Tank vehicles 7904.6.3.3 Vehicle motor shutdown. Motors of tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any time on residential streets,or or tractors shall be shut down during the making or breaking of within 500 feet(152.4 m)of a residential area,apartment or hotel hose connections. If loading or unloading is performed without complex, educational facility,hospital,or care facility.Tank ve- the use of a power pump,the tank vehicle or tractor motor shall be hicles shall not be left unattended at any other place that would,in shut down throughout such operations. the opinion of the chief,present an extreme life hazard. 7904.6.3.4 Bonding. Bonding shall be in accordance with Sec- 7904.6.5.2.2 Parking on thoroughfares. Tank vehicles shall tion NO TAG. not be left unattended on a street,highway,avenue or alley. EXCEPTIONS:1.The necessary absence in connection with load- 7904.6.3.5 Outage. A cargo tank or compartment thereof used ing or unloading the vehicle. During actual fuel transfer, Section for the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids shall 7904.6.3.2 shall apply.The vehicle location shall be in accordance with not be loaded to absolute capacity. The vacant space in a cargo Section 7904.6.5.2.1. tank or compartment thereof used in the transportation of flam- 2.Stops for meals during the day or night,if the street is well lighted mable or combustible liquids shall not be less than 1 percent.Suf- at the point of parking.The vehicle location shall be in accordance with ficient space shall be left vacant to prevent leakage from or Section 7904.6.5.2.1. distortion of such tank or compartment by expansion of the con- 7904.6.5.2.3 Parking of tank vehicles.Tank vehicles shall not be tents due to rise in temperature in transit. parked within 25 feet(7620 mm)of a protected aboveground tank. 1-208 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7904.6.5.2.2 7904.6.7 EXCEPTION:When the tank is being filled from the tank vehicle. 7904.6.6 Garaging. Tank vehicles shall not be parked or ga- 7904.6.5.2.4 Durations exceeding one hour. Tank vehicles raged in buildings other than those specifically approved for such parked at any one point for longer than one hour shall be located use by the chief. off of streets,highways,avenues or alleys,and 1. Inside of a bulk plant and either 25 feet(7620 mm)or more 7904.6.7 Fire protection. Tank vehicles shall be equipped with from the nearest property line or within a building approved for a fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2-A,20-B:C. such use,or 2. At other approved locations not less than 50 feet (15 240 During unloading of the tank vehicle,the fire extinguisher shall mm)from buildings other than those approved for the storage or be out of the carrying device on the vehicle and shall be 15 feet servicing of such vehicles. (4572 mm)or more from the unloading valves. 1-209 7904.7—7904.7.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 7904.2-A 7904.7 Refineries. 7904.7.3 Cleaning of tanks. The safe entry and cleaning of pe- troleum storage tanks shall be conducted in accordance with na- 7904.7.1 General. Plants and portions of plants in which flam- tionally recognized standards and practices. See Article 90, mable liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude pe- Standard a.3.15. troleum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources shall be in accordance with Section 7904.7. 7904.7.4 Storage of heated petroleum products. When petro- leum-derived asphalts and residue are stored in heated tanks at re- 7904.7.2 Corrosion protection. Aboveground tanks and piping fineries and bulk storage facilities or in tank vehicles, such systems shall be protected against corrosion.See Article 90,Stan- products shall also be in accordance with nationally recognized dard a.3.6. standards. See Article 90,Standard a.3.16. TABLE 7904.2-A—MINIMUM VENT SIZES FOR TANKS (See Section 7904.2.5.3) TANK CAPACITY(gallons) MINIMUM VENT SIZE(Nominal Pipe Diameter,Inches) x 3.785 for L x 25.4 for mm Up to 275 1 t/2 276-660 2 661-900 21/2 901-1,100 3 1,101-10,000 See Sections 7902.1.13.7 and 7902.2.6.3 1-210 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001 ARTICLE 80 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SECTION 8001 —GENERAL SIVE; FISSILE MATERIAL; FLAMMABLE GAS; FLAM- MABLE LIQUEFIED GAS; FLAMMABLE SOLID; p HANDLING; HAZARDOUS MATERIAL; HEALTH HAZ- 8001.1.1 General. Prevention, control and mitigation of dan- ARD; HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIAL; HIGHLY VOLATILE gerous conditions related to storage,dispensing,use and handling LIQUID; IDLH;INERT GAS; IRRITANT;MATERIAL SAFE- of hazardous materials and information needed by emergency re- TY DATA SHEET; NESTING; NORMAL TEMPERATURE sponse personnel shall be in accordance with Article 80. AND PRESSURE(NTP);ORGANIC PEROXIDE;OSHA;OXI- DIZER; PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL); PEROX- EXCEPTIONS: 1. The quantities ni alcoholic beverages,percent IDE-FORMING CHEMICAL; PHYSICAL HAZARD; tines,foodstuffs and cosmetics,containing not more than f percent PORTABLE TANKS; PRIMARY CONTAINMENT; PRO- by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solu- tions not being flammable,in retail sales occupancies are unlimited PRIETARY INFORMATION; PYROPHORIC; REDUCED when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. FLOW VALVE;RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCY;SCAVENGED 2.Application and release of pesticide products and materials in- GAS;SECONDARY CONTAINMENT; SEGREGATED;SEN- tended for use in weed abatement,erosion control,soil amendment or SITIZER; SEPARATE GAS STORAGE ROOM; SIMPLE AS- similar applications when applied in accordance with the manufactur- PHYXIANT GAS; STATIONARY TANK; STORAGE er's instructions and label directions. FACILITY; TOXIC MATERIAL; UNAUTHORIZED DIS- The storage of hazardous materials and maximum quantity on- CHARGE; UNSTABLE MATERIAL; UNSTABLE (reactive) site is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits LIQUID; USE; USE, CLOSED SYSTEM; USE, OPEN SYS- of districts in which such storage is prohibited.(See model adopt- TEM;and WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL,see Article 2. ing ordinance,Section 8.) 8001.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 80, 8001.1.2 Material classification. Hazardous materials are certain terms are defined as follows: those chemicals or substances defined as such in Article 2. See CONTAINER is any vessel of 60 United States gallons(227.1 Appendix VI-A for the classification of hazard categories and L)or less capacity used for transporting or storing hazardous ma- hazard evaluations. terials. The classification system referenced in Section 8002 shall ap- OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA is an area which contains ply to all hazardous materials,including those materials regulated hazardous materials not exceeding the limits of Table 8001.15-C elsewhere in this code. or 8001.15-D. Mixtures shall be classified in accordance with hazards of the mixture as a whole.Mixtures shall be classified by an approved 8001.3 Permits. qualified organization, individual or testing laboratory. 8001.3.1 General. Permits are required to store,dispense,use or 8001.1.3 Application. Article 80 shall apply to all hazardous handle hazardous material in excess of quantities specified in Sec- materials, including those materials regulated elsewhere in tion 105,Permit h.1. this code, except that when specific requirements are provided A permit is required when a material is classified as having in other articles,those specific requirements shall apply. See Sec- more than one hazard category if the quantity limits are exceeded tion 101.6. in any category. When a material has multiple hazards,all hazards shall be ad- Permits are required to install,repair, abandon,remove,place dressed. temporarily out of service,close or substantially modify a storage The provisions of Article 80 related to health hazards as classi- facility or other area regulated by Article 80. See also Sec- fied in Section 8002 are waived when the chief has determined tion 8001.13. that such enforcement is preempted by other codes,statutes or or- EXCEPTIONS: 1.Routine maintenance. dinances.The details of any action granting such a waiver shall be 2. For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis, recorded and entered in the files of the code enforcement agency. application for permit shall be made within two working days of com- mencement of work. 8001.1.4 Existing buildings. For existing buildings, see Sec- Permittee shall apply for approval to close storage,use or han- tion 102. dling facilities at least 30 days prior to the termination of the stor- 8001.1.5 Retail and wholesale storage and display. For retail age, use or handling of hazardous materials. Such application and wholesale storage and display of nonflammable solid and shall include any change or alteration of the facility closure plan nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in filed pursuant to Section 8001.13. This 30-day period may be Group M retail sales occupancies, see Section 8001.14. waived by the chief if there are special circumstances requiring such waiver. 8001.2 Definitions. 8001.3.2 Hazardous materials management plan. When re- 8001.2.1 General. For definitions of BARRICADE; BULK quired by the authority having jurisdiction,each application for a OXYGEN SYSTEM; CARCINOGEN; CEILING LIMIT, permit shall include a hazardous materials management plan CHEMICAL; C.F.R.; CHEMICAL NAME; COMMON RADI- (HMMP).The location of the HMMP shall be posted adjacent to ATION SOURCE MATERIAL; COMPRESSED GAS; COM- permits when an HMMP is provided.The HMMP shall include a PRESSED GAS CONTAINER;COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM; facility site plan designating the following: CONTINUOUS GAS-DETECTION SYSTEM; CONTROL AREA; CORROSIVE; CYLINDER; DEFLAGRATION; DE- TACHED STORAGE; DETONATION;DOT;EXCESS FLOW 2. Maximum amount of each material stored or used in each CONTROL;EXCESS FLOW VALVE;EXPLOSION;EXPLO- area, 1-211 8001.3.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.4.5.1.2 3. Range of container sizes, uids having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with 4. Locations of emergency isolation and mitigation valves and UFC Standard 79-3 shall also be in accordance with the following: devices, 1. Piping and tubing utilized for the transmission of highly tox- 5. Product conveying piping containing liquids or gases,other is or toxic material shall have welded or brazed connections than utility-owned fuel gas lines and low-pressure fuel gas lines, throughout unless an exhausted enclosure is provided if the mate- rial is a gas,or the piping is provided with a receptor for contain- 6. On and off positions of valves for valves which are of the ment if the material is a liquid, self-indicating type,and EXCEPTIONS: 1. Nonmetallic piping with approved connec- 7. Storage plan showing the intended storage arrangement,in- lions. cluding the location and dimensions of aisles. 2.Metallic piping with nonmetallic lining with approved connec- tions. The plans shall be legible and approximately to scale.Separate 3.Threaded pipe and connections in accordance with nationally rec- distribution systems are allowed to be shown on separate pages. ognized standards.See Section 9003,Standard a.2.5. See also Appendix H-E. 2. Piping and tubing shall not be located within corridors,with- in any portion of a means of egress required to be enclosed in fire- L C [For SFMJ The HMMP shall comply with Health and Safety resistive construction or in concealed spaces in areas not classified � A Code, Chapter 6.95,Sections 25500 through 25545, and Title 19, as Group H Occupancies, L A Division 2, Chapter 3. EXCEPTION: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the 8001.3.3 Hazardous materials inventory statement. When walls of corridors and floor or roof above or in concealed space above required by the authority having jurisdiction,each application for other occupancies when installed in accordance with the Building a permit shall include a hazardous materials inventory statement Code as required for semi—conductor fabrication facilities classified as Group x Occupancies. (HMIs). See also Appendix II-E. 3. Where gases or liquids are carried in pressurized piping L C [For SFM]The HMIS shall comply with Health and Safety Code, above 15 psig(103.4 kPa),excess flow control shall be provided. � c Chapter 6.95, Sections 25500 through 25545, and Title 19,Divi- Where the piping originates from within a hazardous material L A sion 2, Chapter 3. storage room or area,the excess flow control shall be located with- in the storage room or area.Where the piping originates from a 8001.4 Systems,Equipment and Processes. bulk source,the excess flow control shall be located as close to the 8001.4.1 General. Systems, equipment and processes utilized bulk source as practical,and for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials 4. Readily accessible manual or automatic remotely activated shall be in accordance with Section 8001.4. fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply 8001.4.2 Design and construction of containers,cylinders and piping and tubing at the following locations: tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and 4.1 The point of use,and constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards. 4.2 The tank,cylinder or bulk source. See Article 90 and Section 101.3.Containers,cylinders,tanks and 8001.4.3.4 Flammable, oxidizing and pyrophoric gases. other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be When low melting point materials, such as aluminum, copper, of an approved type. some brass alloys or nonmetallic materials, are used for piping 8001.4.3 Piping,tubing,valves and fittings. systems, conveying flammable, pyrophoric or oxidizing gases such piping systems shall be protected with one of the following: 8001.4.3.1 General. Piping,tubing,valves and fittings convey- 1. Isolation from fire exposure by fire-resistive construction or ing hazardous materials shall be installed in accordance with ap- other approved means, proved standards and shall be in accordance with Section 8001.4.3. 2. Isolation from fire exposure by gas cabinets; 3. Protected from fire exposure by an automatic fire-extin- 8001.4.3.2 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, guishing system; fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall 4. Located so that any release resulting from failure of the pip- be in accordance with the following: ing systems will not unduly expose persons,buildings or struc- 1. Piping,tubing,valves,fittings and related components shall tures;or be designed and fabricated from materials compatible with the 5. Provided with a readily accessible shutoff valve or valves material to be contained and shall be of adequate strength and du- which will shut off the source of gas to the piping system in the rability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic stress, event of leakage. and exposure to which they are subject, 2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with na- 8001.4.4 Equipment,machinery and alarms. Equipment,na- tionally recognized standards (see Article 90, Standard a.2.1)to chinery and required detection and alarm systems associated with indicate the material conveyed, the use,storage or handling of hazardous materials shall be listed or approved. 3. Emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the loca- 8001.4.5 Installation of tanks. tion shall be clearly visible and indicated by means of a sign,and 4. Backflow-prevention or check valves shall be provided 8001.4.5.1 Underground tanks. when the backflow of hazardous materials could create a hazard- 8001.4.5.1.1 General. Underground tanks used for the storage ous condition or cause the unauthorized discharge of hazardous of liquid hazardous materials shall be located and protected in ac- materials. cordance with Section 7902.6.11. 8001.4.3.3 Additional regulations for supply piping for health 8001.4.5.1.2 Secondary containment. Secondary containment hazard materials. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liq- shall be provided for new installations of underground tanks. 1-212 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.4.5.2 8001.9 8001.4.5.2 Aboveground tanks. Aboveground stationary tanks 8001.5.2.4 Control. When an unauthorized discharge due to pri- used for the storage of hazardous materials shall be located and mary container failure is discovered,the involved primary con- protected in accordance with the requirements for outdoor storage tainer shall be repaired or removed from service. of the particular material involved and shall be marked as required by Section 8001.7. 8001.5.2.5 Responsibility for cleanup. The person,firm or cor- poration responsible for an unauthorized discharge shall institute 8001.4.6 Empty containers and tanks. Empty containers and and complete all actions necessary to remedy the effects of such tanks previously used for the storage of hazardous materials shall unauthorized discharge,whether sudden or gradual,at no cost to be free from residual material and vapor as defined by DOT,the the jurisdiction. When deemed necessary by the chief, cleanup Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA)or other regu- may be initiated by the fire department or by an authorized indi- lating authority or maintained as specified for the storage of the vidual or firm.Costs associated with such cleanup shall be borne hazardous material. by the owner,operator or other person responsible for the unau- 8001.4.7 Maintenance. thorized discharge. 8001.6 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material safety data 8001.4.7.1 General. Equipment,machinery and required detec- sheets(MSDS)shall be readily available on the premises for haz- tion and alarm systems associated with hazardous materials shall ardous materials regulated by Article 80. See also Sec- be maintained in an operable condition.Defective containers,cyl- tion 8001.3.2. inders and tanks shall be removed from service,repaired or dis- posed of in an approved manner. Defective equipment or 8001.7 Identification Signs. Visible hazard identification signs machinery shall be removed from service and repaired or re- as specified in UFC Standard 79-3 shall be placed on stationary placed.Required detection and alarm systems shall be replaced or aboveground tanks and at entrances to locations where hazardous repaired where defective. See also Section 8001.4.4. materials are stored,dispensed,used or handled in quantities re- quiring a permit. Signs shall be provided at specific entrances and 8001.4.7.2 Tanks out-of-service for 90 days. Stationary tanks locations designated by the chief. not used for a period of 90 days shall be properly safeguarded or removed in an approved manner. Such tanks shall have the fill EXCEPTION:The chief may waive this requirement in special cases when consistent with safety if the owner or operator has sub- line,gauge opening and pump connection secured against tamper- mitted a hazardous materials management plan and hazardous materi- ing.Vent lines shall be properly maintained. als inventory statement.See Appendix II-E and Sections 8001.3.2 and Tanks which are to be placed back in service shall be tested in an 8001.3.3. approved manner. Individual containers, cartons or packages shall be conspicu- ously marked or labeled in accordance with nationally recognized 8001.4.7.3 Defective containers and tanks. Defective contain- standards. ers and tanks shall be removed from service,repaired or disposed Rooms or cabinets containing compressed gases shall be con- of in an approved manner. spicuously labeled COMPRESSED GAS. 8001.4.8 Liquid-level limit control. Atmospheric tanks which Signs shall not be obscured or removed. have a capacity greater than 500 gallons(1893 L)containing haz- ardous material liquids shall be equipped with a liquid-level limit Signs shall English as a primary language or in symbols control to prevent overfilling of the tank. allowed by thiss code. EXCEPTION:Tanks monitored by a system which limits net con- Signs shall be durable. tents by weight. The size,color and lettering shall be in accordance with nation- 8001.4.9 Seismic protection. Machinery and equipment utiliz- ally recognized standards. ing hazardous materials shall be seismically anchored in accor- 8001.8 Signs. In addition to the hazard identification signs re- dance with the Building Code. quired by Section 8001.7, additional hazard identification and 8001.5 Release of Hazardous Materials. warning signs shall be provided as follows: 8001.5.1 General. Hazardous materials shall not be released 1. Stationary containers and tanks shall be placarded with haz- into a sewer,storm drain,ditch,drainage canal,lake,river or tidal and identification signs as specified in UFC Standard 79-3 for the waterway,or upon the ground, sidewalk, street,highway or into specific material contained. the atmosphere. 2. Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in the following EXCEPTION: Materials released in accordance with federal, situations: state or local governing regulations or permits of the jurisdictional Air 2.1 In rooms or areas where hazardous materials are stored Quality Management Board with a National Pollutant Discharge Elim- or dispensed or used in open systems in amounts requiring a ination System Permit,with waste discharge requirements established permit in accordance with Section 8001.3.1. by the jurisdictional Water Quality Control Board or with local sewer pretreatment requirements for publicly owned treatment works. 2.2 Within 25 feet(7620 nun)of outdoor storage,dispens- 8001.5.2 Unauthorized discharges. ing or open-use areas. Signs shall not be obscured or removed. Signs shall be in En- 8001.5.2.1 Records. Accurate records shall be kept of the unau- glish as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this code. thorized discharge of hazardous materials by the permittee. Signs shall be durable.The size,color and lettering shall be in ac- 8001.5.2.2 Notification. The chief shall be notified immediate- cordance with nationally recognized standards. ly when an unauthorized discharge becomes reportable under 8001.9 Sources of Ignition. Smoking shall be prohibited in the state,federal or local regulations. following locations: 8001.5.2.3 Preparation. Provisions shall be made for control- 1.Within 25 feet(7620 mm)of outdoor storage or dispensing ling and mitigating unauthorized discharges. areas. 1-213 8001.9 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.11.3 2.In rooms or areas where hazardous materials are stored or dis- 8001.10.5.2 Construction. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in pensed or used in open systems in amounts requiring a permit in accordance with the following: accordance with Section 8001.3.1. 1.Constructed of not less than 0.097-inch(2.46 mm)(12 gage) Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not be used in a steel. manner which creates a hazardous condition. 2. Be provided with self-closing limited access ports or non- EXCEPTION: Energy-consuming equipment listed for use with combustible windows to give access to equipment controls. the hazardous materials stored or used. 3.Be provided with self-closing doors. 8001.10 Construction Requirements. 8001.10.5.3 Ventilation. The ventilation system for gas cabi- 8001.10.1 General. Buildings, or portions thereof, in which nets shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation hazardous materials are stored, handled or used shall be to the surrounding area.For toxic and highly toxic gases,the re- constructed in accordance with the Building Code. quirements set forth in Section 8003.3.1.3.2 shall also be met. 8001.10.2 Control areas. 8001.10.6 Hazardous materials storage cabinets. 8001.10.6.1 General. When storage cabinets are used to in- 8001.10.2.1 Construction requirements. Control areas shall crease exempt amounts or to comply with Article 80,such cabi- be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resis- nets shall be in accordance with Section 8001.10.6. tive occupancy separation. 8001.10.6.2 Construction. Cabinets shall be constructed of 8001.10.2.2 Number.The number of control areas in buildings metal. The interior of cabinets shall be treated, coated or or portions of buildings having Group M Occupancies and build- constructed of materials that are nonreactive with the hazardous ings or portions having Group S Occupancies with storage condi- material stored. Such treatment,coating or construction shall in- tions in accordance with Section 8001.14 shall not exceed two. clude the entire interior of the cabinet. Cabinets shall either be The number of control areas in buildings with other uses or with listed as suitable for the intended storage or constructed in accor- other Group S Occupancy storage conditions shall not exceed dance with the following: four. 1. Cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness of not less than 0.044 inch(1.12 mm)(18 gage).The cabinet,including the door, 8001.10.3 Gas rooms. shall be double walled with li/Z-inch(38.1 mm)airspace between 8001.10.3.1 General. When a gas room is used to increase com- the walls.Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall be tightfitting. pressed gas exempt amounts or when the location of compressed Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and equipped with a self- gases in a gas room is required or allowed by Section 8003 or latching device,and 8004,the gas room shall be in accordance with Section 8001.10.3. 2. The bottoms of cabinets utilized for the storage of liquids 8001.10.3.2 Construction. Gas rooms shall be separated from shall be liquid tight to a minimum height of 2 inches(50.8 mm). the remainder of the building by not less than a one-hour fire-resis- For requirements regarding electrical equipment and devices tive occupancy separation.For highly toxic and toxic compressed within cabinets used for the storage of hazardous gases or liquids, gases used in conjunction with or serving a semiconductor fab- see the Electrical Code. rication facility classified as a Group H Occupancy, also see the 8001.11 General Safety Precautions. Building Code. 8001.11.1 Personnel training and written procedures. 8001.10.3.3 Ventilation system. The ventilation system for gas 8001.11.1.1 General. Persons responsible for the operation of rooms shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in rela- areas in which hazardous materials are stored,dispensed,handled tion to the surrounding area.For toxic and highly toxic gases,the or used shall be familiar with the chemical nature of the materials requirements set forth in Section 8003.3.1.3.4 shall also be met. and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of 8001.10.4 Exhausted enclosures. fire,leak or spill. 8001.11.1.2 Fire department liaison. Responsible persons 8001.10.4.1 General. When an exhausted enclosure is used to shall be designated and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire increase exempt amounts or when the location of hazardous mate- department. These persons shall aid the fire department in pre- rials in exhausted enclosures is either required or allowed by Sec- planning emergency responses and identification of the locations tion 8003 or 8004,the exhausted enclosure shall be in accordance where hazardous materials are located and shall have access to with Section 8001.10.4. material safety data sheets and be knowledgeable in the site emer- 8001.10.4.2 Construction. Exhausted enclosures shall be non- gency response procedures. combustible. 8001.11.2 Security. The storage, dispensing, use and handling areas shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded 8001.10.4.3 Ventilation. The ventilation system for exhausted with such protective facilities as public safety requires. enclosures shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area.For toxic and highly toxic gases, 8001.11.3 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other ap- the requirements set forth in Section 8003.3.1.3.3 shall also be proved means shall be provided to protect storage tanks and con- met. nected piping,valves and fittings;dispensing areas;and use areas subject to vehicular damage.When guard posts are installed,the 8001.10.5 Gas cabinets. posts shall be: 8001.10.5.1 General. When a gas cabinet is used to increase ex- 1. Constructed of steel not less than 4 inches(101.6 mm)in di- empt amounts or when the location of compressed gases in gas ameter and concrete filled, cabinets is either required or allowed by Section 8003 or 8004,the 2. Spaced not more than 4 feet (1219 mm)between posts on gas cabinet shall be in accordance with Section 8001.10.5. center, 1-214 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.11.3 8001.13.3 3. Set not less than 3 feet(914 mm)deep in a concrete footing 8001.12.2 Required use of carts and trucks. Liquids in con- of not less than a 15-inch(381 mm)diameter, tainers exceeding 5 gallons(18.9 L)in a corridor or exit enclosure 4. Set with the top of the posts not less than 3 feet(914 mm) shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous above ground,and materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3 transported within corridors or exit enclosures 5. Located not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)from the tank. shall be on a cart or truck.When carts and trucks are required for 8001.11.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring transporting hazardous materials,they shall be in accordance with Section 8001.12.3. and equipment shall be installed in accordance with the Electrical Code. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Two hazardous materials liquid containers, which are hand carried in acceptable safety carriers. 8001.11.5 Static accumulation. When processes or conditions 2.Single drums not exceeding 55 gallons(208.2 L),which are trans- exist where a flammable mixture could be ignited by static elec- ported by suitable drum trucks. tricity,means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of a 3.Containers and cylinders of compressed gases,which are trans- static charge. ported by approved hand trucks,and containers and cylinders not ex- ceeding 25 pounds(11.3 kg),which are hand carried. 8001.11.6 Protection from light. Materials which are sensitive 4.Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds(45.4 kg), to light shall be stored in containers designed to protect them from which are transported by approved hand trucks,and a single container such exposure. not exceeding 50 pounds(22.7 kg),which is hand carried. 8001.11.7 Shock padding. Materials which are shock sensitive 8001.12.3 Carts and trucks. shall be padded, suspended or otherwise protected against acci- 8001.12.3.1 General. Carts and trucks required by Section dental dislodgement and dislodgement during seismic activity. 8001.12.2 to be used to transport hazardous materials shall be in For seismic requirements and the seismic zone in which the mate- accordance with Section 8001.12.3. rial is located,see the Building Code. 8001.12.3.2 Design. Carts and trucks used to transport hazard- 8001.11.8 Separation of incompatible materials. Incompat- ous materials shall be designed to provide a stable base for the ible materials in storage and storage of materials incompatible commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restrain- with materials in use shall be separated when the stored materials ing containers to prevent accidental dislodgement. Compressed are in containers having a capacity of more than 5 pounds(2.268 gas cylinders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually re- kg)or 1/2 gallon(1.89 L). Separation shall be accomplished by: strained. 1. Segregating incompatible materials storage by a distance of 8001.12.3.3 Speed-control devices. Carts and trucks shall be not less than 20 feet(6096 mm), provided with a device which will enable the operator to safely 2. Isolating incompatible materials storage by a noncombus- control movement by providing stops or speed-reduction devices. tible partition extending not less than 18 inches(457.2 nun)above 8001.12.3.4 Construction. Construction materials for hazard- and to the sides of the stored material, ous materials carts or trucks shall be compatible with the material 3. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous materials transported.The cart or truck shall be of substantial construction. storage cabinets(see Section 8001.3.2),or 8001.12.3.5 Spill control. Carts and trucks transporting liquids 4. Storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclo- shall be capable of containing a spill from the largest single con- sures in accordance with Sections 8003.3.1.3.2 and 8003.3.1.3.3. tainer transported. Materials which are incompatible shall not be stored within the 8001.12.3.6 Attendance. Carts and trucks used to transport ma- same cabinet or exhausted enclosure. terials shall not obstruct or be left unattended within any part of a 8001.11.9 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial means of egress. construction, adequately braced and anchored. For seismic re- 8001.12.3.7 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials quirements and the seismic zone in which the material is located, shall not be transported on the same cart or truck. see the Building Code. Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard when used for the 8001.13 Facility Closure. storage of individual containers. 8001.13.1 Temporarily out-of-service facilities. Facilities EXCEPTIONS:1.Storage in hazardous materials storage cabinets which are temporarily out of service shall continue to maintain a or laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use. permit and be monitored and inspected. 2. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit 8001.13.2 Permanently out-of-service facilities. Facilities for in accordance with Section 8001.3. which a permit is not kept current or is not monitored and in- Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an spected on a regular basis shall be deemed to be permanently orderly manner. out of service and shall be closed in accordance with Sec- 8001.12 Handling and Transportation. tion 8001.13.3. 8001.12.1 General. Handling and transportation of hazardous 8001.13.3 Plan. The permit holder or applicant shall submit materials in corridors or exit enclosures shall be in accordance a plan to the fire department to terminate storage,dispensing,han- with Section 8001.12. See also Section 8001.4. dling or use of hazardous materials at least 30 days prior to facility closure. The plan shall demonstrate that hazardous materials Hazardous materials gas containers,cylinders and tanks in tran- which were stored,dispensed,handled or used in the facility have sit shall have their protective caps in place.Containers,cylinders been transported,disposed of or reused in a manner that eliminates and tanks of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have the need for further maintenance and any threat to public health their valve outlets capped or plugged with an approved closure de- and safety. Such plan shall be submitted in accordance with Sec- vice. See also Sections 7401.7 and 7403.3. tion 8001.3.1. 1-215 8001.14 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.15.2.2.3 ' 8001.14 Group M Occupancy Storage and Display and TABLE 8001.14—A Multiplier For Exempt Amounts Group S Occupancy Storage. In Retail Or Wholesale Sales Occupancies HAZARD CATEGORIES' MATERIAL MULTIPLIER, 8001.14.1 General. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable CLASS R solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous ma- Physical hazard solids and liquids; terials stored and displayed within a single control area of a Group Oxidizers,unstable(reactives) Class 4 Not Allowed M Occupancy or stored in a single control area of a Group S Occu- and water reactives pancy is allowed to exceed the exempt amounts specified in Sec- Class 3 0.075 tion 8001.15 when in accordance with Section 8001.14. Class 2 0.006 Class 1 0.003 8001.14.2 Exempt amounts per Group M or Group S Occu- Health hazard2 pancy control area.The aggregate quantity of nonflammable sol- Solids and liquids; id and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous Carcinogens,corrosives,highly All 0.0013 materials stored and displayed within a single control area of a toxics,irritants,other health Group M Occupancy or stored in a single control area of a Group S hazards,sensitizers and toxics Occupancy shall not exceed the exempt amounts set forth in Table Gases 8001.14-A. Carcinogens,corrosives,irri- All 0.0013 tants,other health hazards, sensitizers 8001.14.3 Storage and display. 1 Hazard categories are as specified in Section 8002.Density factors shall not apply to categories other than those listed. 2 The amounts of commonly used building materials and consumer products are not 8001.143.1 General.Storage and display shall be in accordance otherwise regulated by this code are not limited with Section 8001.14.3. 8001.14.3.2 Density. Storage and display of solids shall not ex- 8001.15 Exempt Amounts. ceed 200 pounds per square foot(976.4 kg/m2)of floor area actu- 8001.15.1 General. Exempt amounts shall be as specified in ally occupied by solid merchandise.Storage and display of liquids Section 8001.15.2 and Tables 8001.15-A through 8001.15-D. shall not exceed 20 gallons per square foot(76 L/m )of floor area Storage, dispensing,use and handling of hazardous materials in actually occupied by liquid merchandise. quantities exceeding exempt amounts shall be in accordance with Sections 8001,8003 and 8004. 8001.14.3.3 Height. Storage and display height shall not exceed Storage,dispensing,use and handling of hazardous materials in 6 feet(1829 mm)above the finished floor. quantities not exceeding exempt amounts shall be in accordance with Section 8001. 8001.14.3.4 Container location. Individual containers less Where exempt amounts are indicated in pounds (kilograms) than 5 gallons(19 L)or less than 25 pounds(11 kg)shall be stored and when the density of the material is not provided to the chief,a or displayed on pallets,racks or shelves. conversion of 10 pounds per gallon(1.2 kg/L)shall be used. For retail and wholesale display,see Section 8001.14. 8001.1435 Racks and shelves. Racks and shelves used for 8001.15.2 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by storage or display shall be in accordance with Section 8001.11.9. occupancy. 8001.15.2.1 General. Quantities of hazardous materials shall be 8001.14.3.6 Container type. Containers shall be approved for limited within occupancies in accordance with Sections the intended use. 8001.15.2 and 8001.15.3. 8001.15.2.2 Group A Occupancies. 8001.14.3.7 Container size. Individual containers shall not ex- 8001.15.2.2.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic ceed 100 pounds(45.4 kg)or a 5-gallon (19 L)capacity. and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used within Group A Occupancies. 8001.14.3.8 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials EXCEPTION:Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at shall be separated in accordance with Section 8001.11.8. NTP are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods. 8001.15.2.2.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. 8001.14.3.9 Floors. Floors shall be in accordance with Section 8001.15.2.2.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall 8003.1.13. not be stored or used in Group A Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Class 4liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when 8001.14.3.10 Aisles. Aisles 4 feet(1219 mm)in width shall be stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materi- als storage cabinets must comply with Section 8001.3.2 and shall not contain other storages. 8001.15.2.2.3 Organic peroxides. Detonatable and Class I or- 8001.14.3.11 Signs. Hazard identification signs shall be pro- ganic peroxides shall not be stored or used in Group A Occupan- vided in accordance with Section 8001.7. cies. 1-216 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.15.2.2.3 8001.15.2.5.2.2 EXCEPTION:Detonatable and Class I organic peroxides are al- 8001.15.2.3.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3) at NTP used for ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 maintenance purposes, patient care or operation of equipment, and shall not contain other storage. flammable and oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in 8001.15.2.2.4 Unstable(reactive)materials. Class 3 and 4 un- Group B,F,M or S Occupancies. stable(reactive)materials shall not be stored or used in Group A The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- Occupancies. poses, patient care and operation of equipment shall not exceed EXCEPTION:Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)materials are al- the exempt amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A.Medical gas sys- lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- tem supply cylinders shall be located in medical gas storage rooms ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 or gas cabinets as set forth in Section 7404.2. and shall not contain other storage. 8001.15.2.2.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- 8001.15.2.4 Group E Occupancies. inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet(7.1 m3)at NTP used for main- 8001.15.2.4.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic tenance purposes, patient care or operation of equipment, and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in flammable and oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in Group E Occupancies. Group A Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at EXCEPTION:Food service operations in conformance with Sec- NTP are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods. tion 8203.2.1.8. 8001.15.2.4.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- poses and operation of equipment shall not exceed the exempt 8001.15.2.4.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A. not be stored or used in Group E Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when 8001.15.2.3 Groups B,F,M and S Occupancies. stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materi- als storage cabinets must comply with Section 8001.3.2 and shall not 8001.15.2.3.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic contain other storage. and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in 8001.15.2.4.3 Organic peroxides. Detonatable and Class I or- offices,retail sales or classroom portions of Group B,F,M or S ganic peroxides shall not be stored or used in Group E Occupan- Occupancies. Gies. EXCEPTION:When within classrooms of Group B Occupancies, EXCEPTION•Detonatable and Class I organic peroxides are al- cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at NTP are allowed in lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- gas cabinets or fume hoods. ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 8001.15.2.3.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. and shall not contain other storage. 8001.15.2.3.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall 8001.15.2.4.4 Unstable(reactive)materials. Class 3 and 4 un- not be stored or used in offices,retail sales or classroom portions stable(reactive)materials shall not be stored or used in Group E of Group B,F,M or S Occupancies. Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)materials are al- EXCEPTION:When within classrooms of Groups B,F and M Oc- lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- cupancies,Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when stored ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 in hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materials storage and shall not contain other storage. cabinets must comply with Section 8001.3.2 and shall not contain other storages. 8001.15.2.4.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- 8001.15.2.3.3 Organic peroxides. Unclassified detonatable inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3) at NTP used for and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used in offices, maintenance purposes or operation of equipment,flammable and classrooms and retail sales portions of Group B,F,M or S Occu- oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in Group E Occupan- pancies. cies. The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- cupancies, undetonatable and Class I organicc peroxides are allowed EXCEPTION:When within classrooms Groups F and lo Oc- poses and operation of equipment shall not exceed the exempt when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A. materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 and 8001.15.2.5 Group I Occupancies. shall not contain other storage. 8001.15.2.3.4 Unstable(reactive)materials. 8001.15.2.5.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used 8001.15.2.3.4.1 Offices. Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)mate- within Group I Occupancies. rials shall not be stored or used in offices of Group B,F,M or S EXCEPTION:Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at Occupancies. NTP are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods in quantities up to 8001.15.2.3.4.2 Classrooms. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) the exempt amount. materials shall not be stored or used in classrooms of Group B,F or 8001.15.2.5.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. M Occupancies. 8001.15.2.5.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall EXCEPTION:Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)materials are al- not be stored or used in Group I Occupancies. lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- EXCEPTION•Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when ardous material storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materi- and shall not contain other storage. als storage cabinets must comply with Section 8001.3.2 and shall not 8001.15.2.3.4.3 Retail sales. Class 4 unstable(reactive)materi- contain other storage. als shall not be stored or used in retail sales portions of Group M 8001.15.2.5.2.2 Class 3. A maximum of 200 pounds(90.7 kg)of Occupancies. solid or 2 gallons(7.57 L)of liquid Class 3 oxidizer is allowed in 1-217 8001.15.2.5.2.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.16.2.2 Group I Occupancies when such materials are necessary for main- EXCEPTION:Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers are allowed when tenance purposes or operation of equipment. The oxidizers shall stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Hazardous materi- be stored in approved containers and in an approved manner. als storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 and shall not contain other storage. 8001.15.2.5.3 Organic peroxides. Detonatable and Class I or- 8001.15.2.7.3 Organic peroxides. Detonatable and Class I or- ganic peroxides shall not be stored or used in Group I Occupan- ganic peroxides shall not be stored or used in Group U Occupan- cies. cies. EXCEPTION:Detonatable and Class I organic peroxides are al- EXCEPTION:Detonatable and Class I organic peroxides are al- lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 and shall not contain other storage. and shall not contain other storage. 8001.15.2.5.4 Unstable(reactive)materials. Class 3 and 4 un- 8001.15.2.7.4 Unstable(reactive)materials. Class 3 and 4 un- stable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used in Group I stable(reactive)materials shall not be stored or used in Group U Occupancies. Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)materials are al- EXCEPTION:Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)materials are al- lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- lowed when stored within hazardous materials storage cabinets.Haz- ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 ardous materials storage cabinets shall comply with Section 8001.3.2 and shall not contain other storage. and shall not contain other storage. 8001.15.2.5.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- 8001.15.3 Special requirements for toxic liquids. The exempt inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3) at NTP used for amount for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of 1 psia maintenance purposes, patient care or operation of equipment, (6.89 kPa) at 77°F(25°C) shall be the exempt amount listed for flammable and oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in highly toxic liquids. Group I Occupancies. 8001.15.4 Outdoor storage. The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- 8001.15.4.1 Quantities exceeding exempt amounts. Outdoor poses, patient care and operation of equipment shall not exceed storage of hazardous materials where the aggregate quantity ex- the exempt amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A.Medical gas sys- ceeds the exempt amounts specified in Tables 8001.15-C and tem supply cylinders shall be located in medical gas storage rooms 8001.15-D shall be in accordance with the outdoor storage provi- or gas cabinets as set forth in Section 7404.2. sions of Section 8003. 8001.15.2.6 Group R Occupancies. 8001.15.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the exempt 8001.15.2.6.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic amounts. Outdoor control areas are not required to be in accor- and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in dance with Section 8003 except as follows: Group R Occupancies. 1. Outdoor control area shall be kept free of weeds,debris and common combustible materials not necessary to the storage.The 8001.15.2.6.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. area surrounding an outdoor control area shall be kept clear of 8001.15.2.6.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall such materials for a minimum of 15 feet(4572 mm). not be stored or used within Group R Occupancies. 2. Outdoor control areas shall be located not closer than 20 feet (6096 mm)of a property line that can be built upon,street,alley or 8001.15.2.6.3 Organic peroxides. Detonatable and Class I or- public way.A two-hour fire-resistive wall without openings ex- ganic peroxides shall not be stored or used within Group R Occu- tending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of pancies. the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. 8001.15.2.6.4 Unstable(reactive)materials. Class 3 and 4 un- 3. Where a property exceeds 10,000 square feet (929 m2), a stable(reactive)materials shall not be stored or used within Group group of two outdoor control areas is allowed when approved R Occupancies. and when each control area is separated by a minimum distance of 50 feet(15 240 mm). 8001.15.2.6.5 Flammable and oxidizing gases. Except for cyl- inders not exceeding 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3) at NTP used for maintenance purposes or operation of equipment,flammable and additional groups of outdoor control areas are allowed when ap- oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in Group R Occupan- proved and when each group is separated by a minimum distance cies. of 300 feet(91 440 mm). The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance pur- 8001.16 Regulations for Specific Hazardous Materials in poses and operation of equipment shall not exceed the exempt Quantities not Exceeding Exempt Amounts. amounts listed in Table 8001.15-A. 8001.16.1 General. Hazardous materials stored, dispensed, 8001.15.2.7 Group U Occupancies. used or handled in quantities not exceeding exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sec- 8001.15.2.7.1 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases. Toxic tion 8001.16. and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used 8001.16.2 Flammable gases. within Group U Occupancies. EXCEPTION:Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet(0.57 m3)at 8001.16.2.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems con- NTP are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods. veying flammable gases shall be provided with emergency shutoff capability in accordance with Section 8004.1.12. 8001.15.2.7.2 Liquid and solid oxidizers. 8001.16.2.2 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas 8001.15.2.7.2.1 Class 4. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall containing flammable gases shall be controlled in accordance not be stored or used in Group U Occupancies. with Section 8001.9. 1-218 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8001.16.2.2 8002.3 NO SMOKING signs shall be posted in areas containing flam- 2.1 Air, mable gases in accordance with Section 8003.1.2. 2.2 Flammable, 8001.16.2.3 Liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases 2.3 Inert, in solution. Containers of liquefied flammable gases and flam- 2.4 Oxidizing, mable gases in solution shall be positioned in accordance with Section 8004.1.13. 2.5 Pyrophoric, 8001.16.3 Oxidizing gases. 2.6 Simple asphyxiant, 8001.16.3.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems con- 2.7 Unstable(reactive),and veying oxidizing gases shall be provided with emergency shutoff 2.8 Health hazards identified in Section 8002.2.2. capability in accordance with Section 8004.1.12. 3. Flammable and combustible liquids regulated elsewhere in 8001.16.3.2 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas this code. containing oxidizing gases shall be controlled in accordance with 4. Flammable solids. Section 8001.9. 5. Organic peroxides. 8001.16.4 Pyrophoric gases. 6. Oxidizer solids and liquids. 8001.16.4.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems con- 7. Pyrophoric solids and liquids. veying pyrophoric gases shall be provided with emergency shut- 8, Unstable(reactive)solids and liquids. off capability in accordance with Section 8004.1.12. 9. Water-reactive solids and liquids. SECTION 8002—CLASSIFICATION BY HAZARD 10. Cryogenic fluids,regulated elsewhere in this code. 8002.1 General. Hazardous materials shall be classified ac- 8002.2.2 Health hazards. The materials categories listed in this cording to hazard categories. The categories include materials section are classified as health hazards.A material with a primary regulated by Article 80 and materials regulated elsewhere in this classification as a health hazard can also present a physical hazard. code. 1. Highly toxic and toxic materials,including highly toxic and 8002.2 Hazard Categories. toxic compressed gases. 8002.2.1 Physical hazards. The materials categories listed in 2. Radioactive materials. this section are classified as physical hazards. A material with a 3. Corrosives. primary classification as a physical hazard can also present a 4. Carcinogens,irritants,sensitizers and other health hazards. health hazard. 8002.3 Descriptions and Examples. For descriptions and ex- 1. Explosives and blasting agents,regulated elsewhere in this amples of materials included in hazard categories,see Appendix code. VI-A,except that refrigerants regulated under Article 63 shall be 2. Compressed gases,regulated in Article 80 and elsewhere in classified in accordance with Table A-VI-F-1 if the refrigerant this code,as follows: used is included in Table A-VI-F-1. 1-219 TABLE 8001.15-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8001.15-A—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A PHYSICAL HAZARD MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREAL When two units are given,values within parentheses are in cubic feet(cu.ft.)or pounds(lbs.) (Apply table as specified in Section 8001.15.) CONDITION STORAGE2 USE2--CLOSED SYSTEMS 2 USE—OPEN SYSTEMS Solid Lbs.3 Livid Gal- Gas Solid Lbs. Liquid Gallons Gas Solid Lbs. Liquid Gallons (cubic feet) Ions (pounds) Cubic Feet (cubic feet) (pounds) Cubic Feet (cubic tee[) (pounds) x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L Clas x 0.4536 fork8 x 0.4536 for x 0.4536 fork x x OA5 for r Material s x 0.0283 for m3 kg x 0.0283 for m3 x 0.0283 for to 0.4536 for 3 x 00283 for k¢ x 0.k 36 for kg x 0.0283 form x 0.0283 for mJ g 1.1 Combustible liquid4,5,6,7,8,9 — — — — — — — 1.2 Combustible fiber17 (loose) (100) N.A. N.A. (100) N.A. N.A. (20 (baled) (1,000) N.A. N.A. (1,000) N.A. N.A. (200) N.A. 1.3 Cryogenic,flammable or oxidizing17 — N.A. 45 N.A. N.A. 2.1 Explosives12,17 — 110,13 1 10,13 3.1 Flammable solid17 6,10 (])10,13 N.A. 14 N.A. N.A. 1/4 (1�4) — 125 N.A. N.A. 14 .A. N.A. 14 N.A. 3.2 Flammable gas17 (gaseous) — N.A. N.A. 7506,10 N.A. N.A. 7506,10 N.A. N.A. (liquefied) N.A. 156,10 N.A. N.A. 156,10 N.A. N.A. N.A. 3.3 Flammable liquid4,5,6,7,8,9 Combination I-A,I-B, I-C4,5,6,7,8,9,15 — — — — — — 4.1 Organic peroxide, detonatable — 110,12 (1)10.12 N.A. 1/412 (1/4)12 N.A. 1/412 (1/4)12 4.2 Organic peroxide I 56,10 (5)6,10 N.A. 16 (1)6 N.A. 16 6 II 506,10 (50)6,10 N.A. 506 6 6 (1) 610 (50) N.A. 10 (10)6 III 125 • (125)6,10 N.A. 1256 (125)6 N.A. 256 (25)6 IV 5006,10 (500)6,10 N.A. 5006 6 (500) N.A. 1006 (100)6 V N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. 4.3 Oxidizer 4 110712 1 10,12 1 12 1 12 O N.A. /q (�4) N.A. 1/412 0/4)12 316 106,10 (10)6,10 N.A. 26 (2)6 N.A. 26 (2)6 2 2506,10 (230)6.10 N.A. 2506 (250)6 N.A. 506 6 6 (50) 1 4,00010• (4,000)6,10 N.A. 4,0006 (4,000)6 N.A. 1,0006 (1,000)6 4.4 Oxidizer—ggas (gaseous 6,i0.17 — N.A. N.A. 1,500 N.A. N.A. 1,500 N.A. N.A. (liquefied)6,10,17 N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. N.A. 5.1 Pyrophoric17 — 410,12 (4)10,12 5010,12 112 (1)12 1010, 2 _ 0 6.1 Unstable(reactive)17 4 110,12 (1)10, 22 1010,12 1/412 (1�4)12 210,12 1/412 (1/4)]2 3 56,10 (5)6,10 506,10 16 (1)6 106,10 16 6 (1) 2 506.10 (50)6,10 7506,10 506 (50)6 7506.10 106 (10)6 1 N.L. N.L. N.L.6,10 N.L. N.L. N.L. N.L. N.L. 7.1 Water reactive 3 56,10 (5)6,10 N.A. 56 (5)6 N.A. 16 (1)6 2 506,10 (50)6,10 7N.A. 506 (50)6 N.A. 106 6 (10) 1 N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A.—Not applicable. N.L.—Not limited. 1Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building having Group M Occupancies and buildings or portions of buildings having Group S Occupancies with storage conditions in accordance with Section 8001.14 shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses or with other Group S Occupancy storage conditions shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage.Quantities shall not exceed limits set forth in Section 8001.15.2. 3The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials within a single control area of Group M Occupan- cies used for retail sales may exceed the exempt amounts when such areas are in compliance with Section 8001.14. 417or flammable and combustible liquids,see Article 79.See also Section 8001.1.1,Exception 2. 5For aerosols,see Article 88. 6Quantities may be increased 100 percent in sprinklered buildings.When Footnote 10 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. 7For storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids in Groups A,B,E,F,H,I,M,R,S and U Occupancies,see also the Building Code. 817or wholesale and retail sales use,see Section 7902.5.10.2. 9Spray application of any quantity of flammable or combustible liquids shall be conducted as set forth in Article 45. 10Quantities may be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets,gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures as specified in Sections 8001.3.2, 8003.3.1.3.2 and 8003.3.1.3.3.When Footnote 6 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. 11The quantities permitted in a sprinklered building are not limited. 12Permitted in sprinklered buildings only.None is allowed in unsprinklered buildings. 130ne pound(.454 kg)of black sporting powder and 20 pounds(9 kg)of smokeless powder are permitted in sprinklered or unsprinklered buildings. 14See definitions of Group H,Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies in Section 216. 15See Article 79. 16A maximum quantity of 200 pounds(90.7 kg)of solid or 20 gallons(75.7 L)of liquid Class 3 oxidizers is allowed when such materials are necessary for mainte- nance purposes,operation or sanitation of equipment.Storage containers and the manner of storage shall be approved. 1-220 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8001.15-A 17For any amount,see Articles 28,30,45,46,48,50,74,75,76,77 and 78 as applicable for the hazard category. 18Unless the actual weight of the pyrotechnic composition of the fireworks,I AG is known,25 percent of the gross weight of the fireworks,including packaging,may ' be used to determine the weight of the fireworks for the purpose of this table. TABLE 8001.15-B—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A HEALTH HAZARD MAXIMUM QUANTITIES PER CONTROL AREA1,2 When two units are given,values within parentheses are in pounds(lbs.) (Apply table as specified in Section 8001.15.) STORAGES USES—CLOSED SYSTEMS USES--OPEN SYSTEMS Liquid Gellons4,5,6 Gas Liquid Gailons5 Gas Liquid Gallons MATERIAL Solid Pounds4.5,6 (pounds) Cubic Feet5 Solid Poundss (pounds) Cubic FeW Solid Pounds (pounds) x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L x 0.4636 for kg x 0.4536 for kg x 0.028 for m3 x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4536 for kg x 0.028 for m3 x 0.4536 for kg x 0.4536 for kg 1. Corrosives 5,000 500 8106 5,000 500 8106 1,0005 1005 2. Highly toxics11 10 (10) 2012 10 (10) 2012 35 (3)5 3. Irritants? N.L. N.L. 8106.9 N.L. N.L. 8109 5,0009 5009 4. Sensitizers? N.L. N.L. 8106,9 N.L. N.L. 8106,9 5,0009 5009 5. Other health N.L. N.L. 8106.9 N.L. N.L. 8106,9 5,0009 5009 hazards? 6. Toxics11 500 (500) 8106 500 (500) 81012 1255 (125)5 N.L.=Not Limited. 1Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.The number of control areas within a building having Group M Occupancies and buildings or portions of buildings having Group S Occupancies with storage conditions in accordance with Section 8001.14 shall not exceed two.The number of control areas in buildings with other uses or with other Group S Occupancy storage conditions shall not exceed four.See Sections 204 and 8001.10.2. 2See Section 8001.1.1,Exception 2. 3The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage.Quantities shall not exceed limits set forth in Sections 8001.15.2 and 8001.15.3. 4The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid health hazard materials within a single control area of Group M and Group S Occupancies may exceed the exempt amounts when such areas are in compliance with Section 8001.14. 5Quantities may be increased 100 percent in sprinklered buildings.When Footnote 6 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. 6Quantities may be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets,gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures as specified in Sections 8001.3.2, 8003.3.1.3.2 and 8003.3.1.3.3.When Footnote 5 also applies,the increase for both footnotes may be applied. ?Irritants,sensitizers and other health hazards do not include commonly used building materials and consumer products that are not otherwise regulated by this code. 8See also applicable federal and state OSHA guidelines. 9The quantities allowed in a sprinklered building are not limited when exhaust ventilation in accordance with Sections 8003.1.4, 8004.1.11,8004.2.2.2 and 8004.2.3.3,as applicable to the material condition,is provided. 16The quantities allowed in a sprinklered building are not limited when exhaust ventilation in accordance with Sections 8003.1.4, 8004.1.11, 8004.2.2.2 and 8004.2.3.3 and spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Sections 8003.1.3,8004.1.4,8004.2.2.5 and 8004.2.3.6,as applicable to the material condition,is provided. "For special provisions,see Sections 8003.3,8003.12,8004.2.3.7 and 8004.3.5. 121'ermitted only when located in approved gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or gas rooms.See Sections 8003.3.1.3.2,8003.3.1.3.3 and 8003.3.1.3.4. 1311censed,sealed sources for instruments,calibration devices and equipment are exempt.Licensing requirements and determination of whether a source is sealed or nonsealed shall be as set forth in Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations. Individual containers shall not exceed a quantity of 2 mCi(7.4 x 107 becquerels)for alpha emitters,200 Ci(7.4 x 1012 becquerels)for beta emitters and 0.1 Ci (3.7 x 109 becquerels)for gamma emitters. Ci=curies,mCi=millicuries 1-221 TABLE 8001.15-C 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.1.3 TABLE 8001.15-C—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A PHYSICAL HAZARD—MAXIMUM QUANTITIES ALLOWED IN AN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA1,2,3 CONDITION STORAGE USE--CLOSED SYSTEM USE—OPEN SYSTEM Gas Gas Solid Liquid Gallons Cu.Ft. Solid Liquid Gallons Cu.Ft. Liquid Gallons Pounds (pounds) at NTP Pounds (pounds) at NTP Solid Pounds (pounds) x 3.785 for L x 0.0283 X OAS36 for x 3.785 for L x 3.785 for L Material Class X 0.4536 for kg X 0.4536 for kg for m3 kg X OA536 for kg X 0.0283 for m3 X OA536 for kg X OAS36 for kg Flammable gas Gaseous N.A. N.A. 750 N.A. N.A. 750 N.A. N.A. Liquefied N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. N.A. Flammable solid 125 N.A. N.A. 25 N.A. N.A. 25 N.A. Organic peroxide Detonable 1 (1) N.A. 1/4 0/4) N.A. 1/4 (1/4) Organic peroxide I 5 (5) N.A. 1 (1) N.A. 1 (1) II 50 (50) N.A. 50 (50) N.A. 10 (10) III 125 (125) N.A. 125 (125) N.A. 25 (25) IV 500 (500) N.A. 500 (500) N.A. 100 (100) V N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. Oxidizer 4 1 (1) N.A. 1/4 (1/4) N.A. 1/4 (1/4) 3 10 (10) N.A. 2 (2) N.A. 2 (2) 2 250 (250) N.A. 250 (250) N.A. 50 (50) 1 4,000 (4,000) N.A. 4,000 (4,000) N.A. 1,000 (1,000) Oxidizer gas Gaseous N.A. N.A. 1,500 N.A. N.A. 1,500 N.A. N.A. Liquefied N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. N.A. Pyrophoric 4 4 50 1 (1) 10 0 0 Unstable 4 1 (1) 10 1/4 (1/4) 2 1/4 0/4) (reactive) 3 5 (5) 50 1 (1) 10 1 1 2 50 (50) 250 50 (50) 250 10 10 1 N.L. N.L. 750 N.L. N.L. N.L. N.L. N.L. Water reactive 3 5 (5) N.A. 5 (5) N.A. 1 (1) 2 50 (50) N.A. 50 (50) N.A. 10 (10) I N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A. N.L. N.L. N.A.—Not applicable. N.L.—No limit. 1 For gallons of liquids,divide the amount in pounds by 10. 2The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. 3The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the exempt amounts when such storage is in accordance with Sec- tion 8001.14. TABLE 8001.15-D—EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENTING A HEALTH HAZARD—MAXIMUM QUANTITIES ALLOWED IN AN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA1,2,3 STORAGE USE—CLOSED SYSTEM USE—OPEN SYSTEM Liquid Gallons Gas Liquid Gallons Gas Liquid Gallons Solid Pounds (pounds) Cu.Ft.at NTP Solid Pounds (pounds) Cu.Ft.at NTP Solid Pounds (pounds) X 3.785 for L X 3.785 for L X 3.785 for L MATERIAL X 0.4536 for kg X 0.4536 for kg X 0.0283 for m3 X 0.4536 for kg X 0.4536 for kg X 0.0283 for m3 X 0.4536 for kg X OA536 for kg Corrosives 5,000 500 810 5,000 500 810 1,000 100 Highly toxics 10 (10) 204 10 (10) 204 3 (3) Irritants 10,000 1,000 810 10,000 1 1,000 810 5,000 1 500 Other health hazards 10,000 1,000 810 10,000 1,000 810 5,000 500 Sensitizers 10,000 1,000 810 10,000 1,000 810 5,000 500 Toxics 500 (500) 810 50( 50 810 25 (25) 1 For gallons of liquids,divide the amount in pounds by 10. 2The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. 3The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the exempt amounts when such storage is in accordance with Sec- tion 8001.14. 41'ermitted only when used in approved exhausted gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or fume hoods. SECTION 8003—STORAGE For display and storage in retail and wholesale sales occupan- 8003.1 General. ++ cies,see Section 8001.14. 7 8003.1.2 Signs. Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in 8003.1.1 Applicability. Storage of hazardous materials where storage areas and within 25 feet (7620 mm) of outdoor storage the aggregate quantity is in excess of the exempt amounts set areas. forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8001 and 8003. 8003.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment for hazard- Storage of hazardous materials where the aggregate quantity ous materials liquids and solids. does not exceed the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 8003.1.3.1 Applicability. Rooms, buildings or areas used for shall be in accordance with Section 8001. the storage of liquid or solid hazardous materials shall be provided 1-222 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.1.3 8003.1.4.2 with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with area is open to rainfall,secondary containment shall be designed Section 8003.1.3. to include the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as determined by a EXCEPTION:Outdoor storage of containers on approved contain- 25-year storm and provisions shall be made to drain accumula- ment pallets in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.4. tions of groundwater and rainwater. 8003.1.3.2 Spill control for hazardous materials liquids. A monitoring method shall be provided to detect hazardous ma- Rooms,buildings or areas used for the storage of hazardous mate- terials in the secondary containment system. The monitoring rials liquids in individual vessels having a capacity of more than method is allowed to be visual inspection of the primary or secon- 55 gallons(208.2 L)or when the aggregate capacity of multiple dary containment, or other approved means. Where secondary vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be provided with containment is subject to the intrusion of water, a monitoring spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. method for detecting water shall be provided.When monitoring Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor loca- devices are provided,they shall be connected to distinct visual or tions shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single audible alarms. vessel by one of the following methods: Drainage systems shall be in accordance with the Plumbing 1.Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or Code and the following: similar areas in outdoor locations, 1.The slope of floors in indoor locations or similar areas in out- 2.Liquid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in out- door locations to drains shall not be less than 1 percent, door locations provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or 2.Drains from indoor storage areas shall be sized to carry the dikes,or volume of the fire-protection water as determined by the design 3.Sumps and collection systems. density discharged from the automatic fire-extinguishing system over the minimum required system design area or area of the room Except for surfacing,the floors,sills,dikes,sumps and collec- or area in which the storage is located,whichever is smaller, tion systems shall be constructed of noncombustible material,and 3.Drains from outdoor storage areas shall be sized to carry the the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible with the material stored. volume of the fire flow and the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as de- When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided,they are not required termined by a 25-year storm, at perimeter openings which are provided with an open-grate trench across the opening that connects to an approved collection 4.Materials of construction for drainage systems shall be com- system. patible with the materials stored, 8003.1.3.3 Secondary containment for hazardous materials 5.Incompatible materials shall be separated from each other in liquids and solids. When required by Table 8003.1-13,buildings, the drainage system,and rooms or areas used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids 6. Drains shall terminate in an approved location away from or solids shall be provided with secondary containment in accor- buildings,valves,means of egress,fire access roadways,adjoin- dance with this section when the capacity of an individual vessel ing property and storm drains. or the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds the follow- 8003.1.3.4 Containment pallets. When used as a substitute for ing: spill control and secondary containment for outdoor storage in ac- Liquids: Capacity of an individual vessel exceeds 55 gal- cordance with the exception in Section 8003.1.3.1, containment lons(208.2 L)or the aggregate capacity of multi- pallets shall comply with the following: ple vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons(3785 L). 1.A liquid-tight sump accessible for visual inspection shall be Solids: Capacity of an individual vessel exceeds 550 provided, pounds (248.8 kg) or the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 10,000 pounds (4524.8 2•The sump shall be designed to contain not less than 66 gallons kg) (249.8 L), The building,room or area shall contain or drain the hazardous 3.Exposed surfaces shall be compatible with material stored, materials and fire-protection water through the use of one of the and following methods: 4.Containment pallets shall be protected to prevent collection 1.Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or of rainwater within the sump. similar areas in outdoor locations, 8003.1.4 Ventilation. 2.Liquid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in out- 8003.1.4.1 General. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings door locations provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or shall be provided with mechanical exhaust ventilation or natural dikes, ventilation where natural ventilation can be shown to be accept- 3.Sumps and collection systems,or able for the materials as stored. 4. Drainage systems leading to an approved location. EXCEPTION:Storage areas for flammable solids. See also Ar- Incompatible materials shall be separated from each other in the ticle 76. secondary containment system. 8003.1.4.2 System requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems Secondary containment for indoor storage areas shall be de- shall comply with all of the following: signed to contain a spill from the largest vessel plus the design 1. Installation shall be in accordance with the Mechanical flow volume of fire-protection water calculated to discharge from Code, the fire-extinguishing system over the minimum required system 2. Mechanical ventilation shall be at a rate of not less than 1 cu- design area or area of the room or area in which the storage is lo- bic foot per minute per square foot(5.1 Vs per m2)of floor area cated,whichever is smaller,for a period of 20 minutes. over the storage area, Secondary containment for outdoor storage areas shall be de- 3. Systems shall operate continuously unless alternate designs signed to contain a spill from the largest individual vessel. If the are approved, 1-223 8003.1.4.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.1.15 4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside of the 8003.1.9 Limit controls. room in a position adjacent to the access door to the room or in an approved location.The switch shall be of the break-glass type and 8003.1.9.1 General. Limit controls shall be provided in accor- shall be labeled VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY dance with Section 8003.1.9. SHUTOFF, L C EXCEPTION. [For SFMJ When exhaust systems con- 8003.1.9.2 Temperature control. Materials which must be � c veying explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or stored at temperatures other than normal ambient temperatures to � c highly toxic dusts, mists,fumes, vapors or gases are 100 Prevent a hazardous reaction shall be stored in an area provided � percent exhausted to the outside,an emergency ventilation with a means to maintain the temperature within a safe range.Re- L C system shutoff not required. dundant temperature control equipment which will operate upon failure of the primary temperature control system shall be pro- 5. Exhaust ventilation shall be arranged to consider the density vided.Alternate means which prevent a hazardous reaction are al- of the potential fumes or vapors released.For fumes or vapors that lowed. are heavier than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches(304.8 nun)of the floor, 8003.1.9.3 Pressure control. Stationary tanks used for the stor- 6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall age of hazardous materials liquids which can generate pressures be arranged to provide air movement across all portions of the exceeding the tank design limits due to exposure fires or internal floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors,and reaction shall have some form of construction or device that will relieve excessive internal pressure. Such relief devices shall vent 7. Exhaust ventilation shall not be recirculated within the room to an approved location or to an exhaust scrubber or treatment Sys- or building if the materials stored are capable of emitting hazard- tem when specified in Sections 8003.2 through 8003.15. ous vapors. 8003.1.10 Emergency alarm. An approved emergency alarm 8003.1.5 Separation of incompatible hazardous materi- system shall be provided in buildings,rooms or areas used for stor- als. See Section 8001.11.8. age of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit-access door of 8003.1.6 Fire-extinguishing systems. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency storage buildings shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler sys- alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants tem.The design of the sprinkler system shall not be less than that of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials. required by the Building Code for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet(278.7 m2).See Section 8003.1.11 Supervision. Emergency alarm, detection and auto- 9003,Standard n.2.9.Where the materials or storage arrangement matic fire-extinguishing systems required by Section 8003 shall requires a higher level of sprinkler system protection in accor- be supervised by an approved central,proprietary or remote sta- dance with nationally recognized standards, the higher level of tion service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a sprinkler system protection shall be provided. constantly attended on-site location. EXCEPTION: Approved alternate automatic fire-extinguishing systems are allowed. 8003.1.12 Clearance from combustibles. The area surround- ing an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of combus- 8003.1.7 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and tible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet buildings containing the following materials shall be provided (9144 mm). with explosion control in accordance with the Building Code: 1. Highly toxic flammable or toxic flammable gases when not 8003.1.13 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors stored in gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or gas rooms (see of storage areas shall be of noncombustible construction. Section 8001.9). 8003.1.14 Weather protection. When overhead noncombus- 2. Combustible dusts. See Article 76. tible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage areas,such storage shall not be considered indoor 3. Class 4 oxidizers. storage when all of the following conditions are met: 4. Detonatable and Class I organic peroxides. EXCEPTION:Storage of explosive, detonatable or pyrophoric 5. Pyrophoric gases. materials shall be considered as indoor storage. 1. Supports shall be of noncombustible construction, 6. Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)materials. 2. Supports and walls shall not obstruct more than 25 percent of 7. Class 2 and 3 water-reactive solids and liquids. the perimeter of the storage area,and 8003.1.8 Standby power. When mechanical ventilation, treat- 3. The distance to buildings,property lines,streets,alleys,pub- ment systems,temperature control,alarm,detection or other elec- lic ways or means of egress to a public way shall not be less than trically operated systems are required, such systems shall be the distance required for an outdoor hazardous material storage connected to a secondary source of power to automatically supply area without weather protection. electrical power in the event of loss of power from the primary source. See the Electrical Code. 8003.1.15 Required detached storage. Group H Occupancies B containing quantities of hazardous materials in excess of those set B EXCEPTION:Storage areas for: forth in Table 8003.1-B shall be in buildings used for no other pur- B L Class 1 and 2 oxidizers. pose, shall not exceed one story in height and shall be without B 2.Class III,IV and V organic peroxides. basements,crawl spaces or other under-floor spaces. B 1-224 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8003.1-A TABLE 8003.1-A—REQUIRED SECONDARY CONTAINMENT—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS STORAGE INDOOR STORAGE OUTDOOR STORAGE MATERIAL Solids Liquids Solids Liquids 1.Physical Hazard Materials Combustible dusts NR NA NR NA Combustible liquids Class II NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class III-A NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class III-B NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Cryogenic liquids NA See Article 75 NA See Article 75 Explosives See Article 77 See Article 77 Flammable liquids Class I-A NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class I-B NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class I-C NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Flammable solids NR NA NR NA Organic peroxides Class D R R NR NR Class I R R NR NR Class II R R NR NR Class III R R NR NR Class IV R R NR NR Class V NR NR NR NR Oxidizers Class 4 R R NR NR Class 3 R R NR NR Class 2 R R NR NR Class 1 R R NR NR Pyrophorics NR R NR R Unstable(reactives) Class 4 R R R R Class 3 R R R R Class 2 R R R R Class I NR NR R R Water reactives Class 3 R R R R Class 2 R R R R Class 1 NR NR R R Z Health Hazard Materials Carcinogens NR NR NR R Corrosives NR R NR R Highly toxics R R R R Irritants NR NR NR R Other health hazards NR NR NR R Radioactives R R R R Sensitizers NR NR NR R Toxics R R R R NA=Not Applicable NR=Not Required R=Required D= Detonatable 1-225 TABLE 8003.1-B 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.2-8003.3.1.3.5.3 TABLE 8003.1-B-REQUIRED DETACHED STORAGE(See Section 8003.1.15) B DETACHED STORAGE IS REQUIRED WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS THAT LISTED BSolid(toan;LZquids Gases(cubic feet)1 2 BMaterial x 907.2 for kg x 0.0283 for m3 B1. Explosives,blasting agents,black powder,fireworks, Over exempt amounts Over exempt amounts B detonatable organic peroxides B 2. Class 4 oxidizers B 3. Class 3 or 4 detonatable unstable(reactives) B B 4. Oxidizers,liquids and solids Class 3 1,200 N.A. B Class 2 2,000 N.A. B5. Organic peroxides Class I Over exempt amounts N.A. B 25 B Class II 50 N.A. B Class III N.A. B B 6. Unstable(reactives) Class 4 1/1,000 20 B Class 3 1 2,000 B Class 2 25 10,000 B B 7. Water reactives Class 3 1 N.A. B B Class 2 25 N.A. B B8. Pyrophoric gases N.A. 2,000 B N.A.-Not applicable. aI For materials which are detonatable,the distance to other buildings or property lines shall be as specified in the nationally recognized standard. B 2"Over exempt amounts"means over the quantities set forth in Table 8001.15-A. 8003.2 Explosives and Blasting Agents. Storage of explosives 1. Operate at negative pressure in relation to the surrounding and blasting agents shall be in accordance with Article 77.Storage area, of fireworks shall be in accordance with Article 78. 2. Be provided with self-closing limited access ports or non- Storage of explosives,blasting agents,black powder and fire- combustible windows to give access to equipment controls.The works shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section average velocity at the face of access ports or windows shall not be 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. less than 200 feet per minute(1.02 m/s)with a minimum of 150 feet per minute(0.76 m/s)at any point of the access port or win- 8003.3 Toxic and Highly Toxic Compressed Gases. dow, 8003.3.1 Indoor storage. 3. Be connected to an exhaust system, 8003.3.1.1 General. Indoor storage of toxic and highly toxic 4. Be provided with self-closing doors,and compressed gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set 5. Be constructed of not less than 0.097-inch (2.46 mm) (12 forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections gage)steel. 8003.1, 8003.3.1 and 8003.3.3. 8003.3.1.3.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures 8003.3.1.2 Fire-extinguishing system. In addition to Section shall be designed to: 8003.1.6,the following requirements shall apply: 1. Operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding 1. Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms for the area, and storage of cylinders shall be internally sprinklered,and 2. Provide an average velocity at the face of the enclosure of not less than 200 feet per minute(1.02 m/s)with a minimum of 150 2. Alternate fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used for feet per minute(0.76 m/s)at any point. storage areas,gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. 8003.3.1.3.4 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall be designed to: 8003.3.1.3 Ventilation and storage arrangement. 1. Operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding 8003.3.1.3.1 Ventilated area. Cylinders shall be stored within area,and gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. 2. Direct the exhaust ventilation to an exhaust system. EXCEPTION:Toxic gas cylinders having an aggregate capacity 8003.3.1.3.5 Treatment systems. not exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Table 8001.15-13 when Footnote 6 is not applied. 8003.3.1.3.5.1 General. Treatment systems shall be utilized to Portable and stationary tanks shall be stored within gas rooms or handle the accidental release of gas. Treatment systems shall be exhausted enclosures.The room or area in which gas cabinets or utilized to process all exhaust ventilation to be discharged from exhausted enclosures are located shall be provided with exhaust gas cabinets,exhausted enclosures and gas rooms. ventilation. Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall not be used EXCEPTION:A treatment system need not be provided for cylin- as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area. ders,containers and tanks in storage if the following controls are ap- plied: 8003.3.1.3.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall comply with all 1 valve outlets shall be equipped with gastight of the following: outlet plugs or caps. 1-226 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.3.1.3.5.1 2. Handwheel operated valves shall have handles 8003.3.1.6 Gas detection. A continuous gas-detection system secured to prevent movement. shall be provided to detect the presence of gas at or below the per- 3. Approved containment vessels or containment missible exposure limit or ceiling limit. The detection system systems shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of Section shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to a constantly at- 8003.3.3.3. tended control station.The alarm shall be both visual and audible 8003.3.1.3.5.2 Design. Treatment systems shall be capable of and shall be designed to provide warning both inside and outside diluting, adsorbing, absorbing,containing,neutralizing,burning of the storage area.The audible alarm shall be distinct from all oth- or otherwise processing the entire contents of the largest single er alarms. tank or cylinder of gas stored or used.When a total containment EXCEPTIONS: 1. Signal transmission to a constantly attended system is utilized,the system shall be designed to handle the maxi- control station need not be provided when not more than one cylinder mum anticipated pressure of release to the system when it reaches is stored. equilibrium. 2.A continuous gas-detection system need not be provided for toxic gases when the physiological warning properties for the gas are at a 8003.3.1.3.5.3 Performance. Treatment systems shall be de- level below the accepted permissible exposure limit for the gas. signed to reduce the maximum allowable discharge concentration The gas-detection system shall be capable of monitoring the of the gas to one-half IDLH at the point of discharge to the atmo- room or area in which the gas is stored at or below the permissible sphere.When more than one gas is emitted to the treatment sys- exposure limit or ceiling limit and the discharge from the treat- tem, the treatment system shall be designed to handle the ment system at or below one-half the IDLH limit. worst-case release based on the release rate,the quantity and the IDLH for all the gases stored or used. 8003.3.1.7 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smoke- detection system shall be provided in rooms or areas where highly 8003.3.1.3.5.4 Sizing. Treatment systems shall be sized to pro- toxic compressed gases are stored indoors. Activation of the cess the maximum worst-case release of gas based on the maxi- detection systems shall sound a local alarm. mum flow rate of release from the largest cylinder or tank utilized. The entire contents of tanks and cylinders shall be considered. 8003.3.1.8 Maximum number of cylinders per gas cabi- net. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas cabinet 8003.3.1.3.5.5 Stationary tanks. Stationary tanks shall be la- shall not exceed three. beled with the maximum rate of release for the gas contained EXCEPTION: Cabinets containing cylinders not exceeding based on valves or fittings that are inserted directly into the tank.If 1 pound(0.4536 kg)net contents each shall be limited to a maximum multiple valves or fittings are provided,the maximum flow rate of of 100 cylinders. release for the valve or fitting with the highest flow rate shall be 8003.3.2 Outdoor storage. indicated.If liquefied gases are in contact with valves or fittings, the liquid flow rate shall be utilized for purposes of computation. 8003.3.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of highly toxic or toxic Flow rates indicated on the label shall be converted to cubic feet compressed gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set per minute(L/s)of gas at normal temperature and pressure. forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.3.1.3.5.6 Portable tanks and cylinders. For portable 8003.1, 8003.3.2 and 8003.3.3. tanks and cylinders,the maximum flow rate of release shall be cal- 8003.3.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. culated based on assuming the total release from the cylinder or 8003.3.2.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of highly toxic or toxic tank within the time specified in Table 8003.3-A.When portable compressed gases shall comply with the Building Code and Sec- tanks or cylinders are equipped with approved excess flow or re- tion 8003.3.2.2. duced flow valves,the worst-case release shall be determined by the maximum achievable flow from the valve as determined by 8003.3.2.2.2 Distance limitation to exposures. Outdoor stor- the valve manufacturer or the gas supplier.Reduced flow and ex- age of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall not be within cess flow valves shall be permanently marked by the manufactur- 75 feet(22 860 mm)of a building,property line,street,alley,pub- er to indicate the maximum design flow rate. Such markings shall lic way or means of egress to a public way unless the storage indicate the flow rate for air under standard conditions. is shielded by a structure having a minimum fire-resistive rating of two hours and which interrupts the line of sight between the storage and the exposure.The protective structure shall be at least TABLE 8003.3-A—RATE RELEASE FOR CYLINDERS 5 feet(1524 mm)from exposures.The protective structure shall AND PORTABLE TANKS not have more than two sides at approximately 90-degree direc- CONTAINER NONLIQUEFIED(minutes) LIQUEFIED(minutes) tions,or three sides with connecting angles of approximately 135 Cylinders 5 30 degrees. Portable tanks 40 240 EXCEPTION:Gases in gas cabinets complying with Section 8003.3.1.3.2 and located 5 feet(1524 mm)or more from buildings and 25 feet(7620 mm)from means of egress.Section 8003.3.2.2.3 shall not 8003.3.1.4 Emergency power. Emergency power shall be pro- apply. vided in lieu of standby power for: 8003.3.2.2.3 Openings in exposed buildings. When the storage 1. Exhaust ventilation, including the power supply for treat- area is located closer than 75 feet(22 860 mm)to a building,open- ment systems, ings into a building other than piping shall not be above the height of the top of the shielding structure or within 50 feet(15 240 mm) 2. Gas-detection systems, horizontally from the storage area whether or not shielded by a 3. Emergency alarm systems,and protective structure. 4. Temperature-control systems. 8003.3.2.2.4 Air intakes. The storage area shall not be within 8003.3.1.5 Limit controls. In addition to the limit controls re- 75 feet(22 860 mm)of air intakes. quired by Section 8003.1.9,excess flow control shall be provided 8003.3.2.3 Canopies. Portable tanks and cylinders stored out- for stationary tanks which are piped for filling or dispensing. side of buildings shall be stored under a canopy of noncombustible 1-227 8003.3.2.4—8003.5.2.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE construction.Such storage shall not be considered indoor storage. The local exhaust system shall be connected to a treatment system See also Section 8003.1.14. as specified in Section 8003.3.1.3.5. The local exhaust system An automatic fire-sprinkler system shall be provided for cano- shall be provided: pies used for storage of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases. 1. Within or immediately adjacent to outdoor storage areas,or 8003.3.2.4 Piping and controls. In addition to the requirements 2• Within gas rooms used for portable or stationary tanks. of Section 8001.4.3,piping and controls on stationary tanks shall 8003.4 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. Storage of be in accordance with all of the following: flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with 1. Pressure-relief devices shall be vented to a treatment system Article 79. designed in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.5, 8003.5 Flammable Solids and Flammable Gases. 2. Where filling or dispensing connections are provided,they shall have a means of local exhaust. Such exhaust shall be de- 8003.5.1 Indoor storage. signed to capture fumes and vapors.The exhaust shall be directed 8003.5.1.1 General. Indoor storage of flammable solids and to a treatment system designed in accordance with Section flammable gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set 8003.3.1.3.5,and forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 3. Stationary tanks shall be provided with a means of excess 8003.1 and 8003.5.1.Storage of combustible fibers shall be in ac- flow control on tank inlet and outlet connections. cordance with Article 28. See also Section 8001.16.2 for storage EXCEPTIONS: 1.Inlet connections that are designed to preclude of flammable gases in quantities not exceeding exempt amounts. backflow. 8003.5.1.2 Pile size limits and location for solids. Flammable 2.Pressure-relief devices. solids stored in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3) 8003.3.3 Special provisions. shall be separated into piles each not larger than 1,000 cubic feet 8003.3.3.1 Seismic protection. Stationary tanks and associated (28.3 m3). Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than the piping systems shall be seismically braced in accordance with the height of the piles or 4 feet(1219 mm),whichever is greater. Building Code. Flammable solids shall not be stored in basements. 8003.3.3.2 Security. See Section 8001.11.2. 8003.5.1.3 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment located in flammable gas storage areas shall be 8003.3.3.3 Leaking cylinders. One or more gas cabinets or ex- grounded. hausted enclosures shall be provided to handle leaking cylinders. EXCEPTION:A cabinet or exhausted enclosure need not be pro- 8003.5.2 Outdoor storage. vided for leaking cylinders if: 8003.5.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of flammable solids and 1.All cylinders are stored within gas cabinets or exhausted enclo- flammable gases in amounts exceeding exempt amounts set forth sures,or in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 2.Approved containment vessels or containment systems are pro- and 8003.5.2.Storage of combustible fibers shall be in accordance vided in accordance with all of the following: with Article 28. 2.1 Containment vessels or containment systems shall be capa- ble of fully containing or terminating a release, 8003.5.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor stor- 2.2 Trained personnel shall be available at an approved location, age of flammable solids shall not be located within 20 feet(6096 and mm) of any building, property line, street, alley, public way, or 2.3 Containment vessels or containment systems shall be capa- means of egress to a public way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resis- ble of being transported to the leaking cylinder. tive wall extending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be located as fol- the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. lows: Outdoor storage of flammable gases shall be in accordance with 1. Within or adjacent to outdoor storage areas,or Table 8003.5-A. 2. Within gas rooms. 8003.5.2.3 Pile size limits for solids. Outdoor storage of flam- Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be connected to an mable solids shall be separated into piles not larger than 5,000 cu- exhaust system.See Section 8003.3.1.3.5. bic feet(141 m3)each.Aisle widths between piles shall not be less 8003.3.3.4 Local exhaust for leaking portable tanks. A means than one-half the height of the piles or 10 feet(3048 mm),which- of local exhaust shall be provided to capture leaks from portable ever is greater. tanks.Portable ducts or collection systems designed to be applied 8003.5.2.4 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing to the site of a leak in a valve or fitting on the tank are acceptable. equipment in flammable gas storage areas shall be grounded. 1-228 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.6-Table 8003--6-A TABLE 8003.E-A,TABLE 8003.E-B TABLE 8003.5-A—FLAMMABLE COMPRESSED GASES— DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO EXPOSURES' MINIMUM DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS, STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR MAXIMUM AMOUNT PER STORAGE AREA PROPERTY LINES THAT CAN BE MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN STORAGE (cubic feet) BUILT ON(feet) AREAS(feet) x 0.0283 for m3 x 304.8 for mm 0-4,225 5 5 4,226-21,125 10 10 21,126-50,700 15 10 50,701-84,500 20 10 84,501 or greater 25 20 The distances can be reduced to 5 feet(1524 mm)when protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of two hours interrupt the line of sight between the container and the exposure.The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet(1524 mm) from the exposure.The configuration of the protective structure shall allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations. 8003.6 Oxidizers. Class 2 oxidizers shall not be stored in basements except when 8003.6.1 Indoor storage. such storage is in stationary tanks.Class 3 and 4 oxidizers in ex- cess of the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be 8003.6.1.1 Indoor storage of oxidizers in amounts exceeding the stored on the ground floor only. exempt amounts set forth in Sections 8001.15 shall be in accor- 8003.6.1.8 Separation of Class 4 oxidizers from other materi- dance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.6.1.Storage and display of als. In addition to Section 8001.11.8,Class 4 oxidizer liquids and Class 1,2 and 3 oxidizers in Group M Occupancies shall be in ac- solids shall be separated from other hazardous materials by not cordance with Section 8001.14.Storage of Class 1,2 and 3 oxidiz- ers in Group S Occupancies is allowed to be in accordance with less than one-hour fire-resistive construction or stored in hazard- Section 8001.14. ous materials storage cabinets. See Section 8001.10.6. See also Section 8001.16.3 for storage of oxidizing gases in Detached storage buildings for Class 4 oxidizer liquids and sol- quantities not exceeding exempt amounts. ids shall be located a minimum of 50 feet(15 240 mm)from other hazardous materials storage. 8003.6.1.2 Detached storage. Storage of liquid and solid oxi- dizers shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section 8003.6.1.9 Contamination. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall not 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. be stored on or against combustible surfaces.During storage,care shall be taken to prevent contamination. 8003.6.1.3 Distance from detached storage buildings to expo- sures. In addition to the requirements of the Building Code,de- 8003.6.1.10 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing tached storage buildings shall be located in accordance with equipment in oxidizer gas storage areas shall be grounded. Tables 8003.E-A and 8003.6-B. 8003.6.2 Outdoor storage. 8003.6.1.4 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13, floors of storage areas for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be of liq- 8003.6.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of oxidizers in amounts uid-tight construction. exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.6.2. 8003.6.1.5 Smoke and heat venting. Smoke and heat venting shall be provided. The design criteria shall be as set forth in the 8003.6.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Building Code. 8003.6.2.2.1 Solids and liquids. Storage areas for liquid and 8003.6.1.6 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smoke- solid oxidizers shall be located in accordance with Tables detection system shall be installed in liquid and solid oxidizer 8003.6-A and 8003.6-B. storage areas.Activation of the detection systems shall sound a lo- cal alarm. 8003.6.2.2.2 Gases. Storage areas for oxidizer gases shall be in accordance with Table 8003.E-G. EXCEPTION: A smoke-detection system need not be provided in detached storage buildings protected by an automatic fire-extinguish- 8003.6.2.3 Storage conditions. ing system. 8003.6.1.7 Storage conditions. The maximum quantities per 8003.6.2.3.1 Solids and liquids. Storage arrangement for liquid building in detached storage buildings shall not exceed those set and solid oxidizers shall be in accordance with Tables 8003.6-C forth in Tables 8003.6-C through 8003.6-F. through 8003.6-F. The storage arrangement for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be 8003.6.2.3.2 Gases. Storage arrangement for oxidizer gases as set forth in Tables 8003.E-C through 8003.6-F. shall be in accordance with Table 8003.E-G. 1-229 8003.6.2.3.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8003.E-A—CLASS 1,2 AND 3 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS— SEPARATION OF DETACHED AND OUTDOOR STORAGE FROM OTHER BUILDINGS,PROPERTY LINES, STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS TO A PUBLIC WAY MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) OXIDIZER CLASS x 304.8 for mm 1 N.R. 2 35 3 50 N.R.=not required. TABLE 8003.E-B—CLASS 4 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS— SEPARATION OF DETACHED AND OUTDOOR STORAGE FROM OTHER BUILDINGS,PROPERTY LINES, STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS TO A PUBLIC WAY WEIGHT(pounds) MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) x 0.4536 for kg x 304.8 for mm Over 10 to 100 75 101 to 500 100 501 to 1,000 125 1,001 to 3,000 200 3,001 to 5,000 300 5,001 to 10,000 400 Over 10,000 As determined by the chief TABLE 8003.6-C—STORAGE OF CLASS 1 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS IN COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERSI LIMITS(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum length No limit Maximum width 50 Maximum height 20 Minimum distance to next pile 3 Minimum distance to walls 2 Maximum quantity per building No limit IStorage in noncombustible containers or in bulk in detached storage buildings is not limited as to quantity or arrangement. TABLE 8003.6-D—STORAGE OF CLASS 2 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS1,2,3 LIMITS x 304.8 for mm x 0.907185 for metric ton CONDITION Segregated Cut Off Detached Piles Maximum height(feet) 10 12 12 Minimum distance to next pile(feet) Footnote 2 Footnote 2 Footnote 2 Minimum distance to walls(feet) 2 2 2 Maximum quantity per pile(tons) 20 50 200 Maximum quantity per building(tons) 200 500 No limit IStorage in noncombustible containers is not limited as to quantity or arrangement,except that piles shall be at least 2 feet (609.6 mm)from walls in sprinklered buildings and 4 feet(1219 mm)from walls in nonsprinklered buildings;the distance between piles shall not be less than the pile height. 2Aisle width shall not be less than the pile height. 3Quantity limits shall be reduced by 50 percent in buildings or portions of buildings used for retail sales. TABLE 8003.6-E—STORAGE OF CLASS 3 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDSI,2 LIMITS x 304.8 for mm x 0.4536 for kg CONDITION Segregated Cut Off Detached Piles Maximum height(feet) 8 10 10 Minimum distance to next pile(feet) Footnote 3 Footnote 3 Footnote 3 Minimum distance to walls(feet) 4 4 4 Maximum quantity per pile(tons) 20 30 150 Maximum quantity per building(tons) 100 300 No limit 'Except in buildings used for retail sales,quantity limits per pile and per building are allowed to be doubled where Class 3 oxidizers are in noncombustible containers. 2Quantity limits per pile and per building shall be reduced by 50 percent in buildings or portions of buildings used for retail sales. 3Aisle width shall not be less than the pile height. 1-230 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8003.E-F TABLE 8003.6-F—STORAGE OF CLASS 4 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS LIMIT(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum length 10 Maximum width 4 Maximum height 8 Minimum distance to next pile 8 Maximum quantity per building No limit TABLE 8003.6-G—OXIDIZING GASES—DISTANCE FROM USE TO EXPOSURESf OUANTITY OF GAS STORED DISTANCE TO A BUILDING OR PUBLIC WAY OR DISTANCE BETWEEN (cubic feet at NTP) PROPERTY LINE THAT CAN BE BUILT ON(feet) STORAGE AREAS(feet) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm 0-50,000 s 5 50,001-100,000 10 10 100,001 or greater 15 10 tThe distances do not apply when protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of two hours interrupt the line of sight between the storage container and the exposure.The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet(1524 mm)from the exposure.The configuration of the protective structure shall allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of haz- ardous gas concentrations. 8003.7 Organic Peroxides. building in a detached storage building shall not exceed the 8003.7.1 Indoor storage. amounts specified in Tables 8003.7-A and 8003.7-B. 8003.7.1.8.2 Storage arrangement. Storage arrangement for 8003.7.1.1 General. Indoor storage of organic peroxides in organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Tables 8003.7-C amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section through 8003.7-E and shall comply with all of the following: 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 1. Containers and packages in storage areas shall be closed, 8003.7.1. Detonatable organic peroxides that are capable of detonation in 2. Bulk storage shall not be in piles or bins, their normal shipping containers under conditions of fire expo- 3. A minimum 2-foot (609.6 mm) clear space shall be main- sure shall be stored in accordance with Article 77 as required for tained between storage and uninsulated metal walls,and high explosives. 4. Fifty-five-gallon(208.2 L)drums shall not be stored more 8003.7.1.2 Detached storage. Storage of organic peroxides than one drum high. shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section 8003.7.1.8.3 Location in building. The storage of Classes I and 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. II organic peroxides shall be on the ground floor.Class III organic 8003.7.1.3 Distance from detached storage buildings to expo- peroxides shall not be stored in basements. sures. In addition to the requirements of the Building Code,de- 8003.7.1.9 Contamination. Organic peroxides shall be stored tached storage buildings shall be located in accordance with in their original DOT shipping containers. During storage, care Tables 8003.7-A and 8003.7-B. shall be taken to prevent contamination. 8003.7.1.4 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13, 8003.7.2 Outdoor storage. floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction. 8003.7.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of organic peroxides in 8003.7.1.5 Smoke and heat venting. Smoke and heat venting amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section shall be provided.The design criteria shall be as set forth in the 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and Building Code. 8003.7.2. EXCEPTION: Detonatable organic peroxides that are capable of 8003.7.1.6 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to detonation in their normal shipping containers under fire conditions Section 8001.11.4, electrical wiring and equipment in storage shall be stored in accordance with Article 77 as required for high explo- areas for Class I or II organic peroxides shall comply with the re- sives. quirements for electrical Class I,Division 2 locations. 8003.7.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Storage areas 8003.7.1.7 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smoke- for organic peroxides shall be located in accordance with Tables detection system shall be provided in rooms or areas where Class 8003.7-A and 8003.7-B. 1,II,III or IV organic peroxides are stored.Activation of the detec- 8003.7.2.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to tion system shall sound a local alarm. Section 8001.11.4, electrical wiring and equipment in outdoor EXCEPTION: A smoke-detection system need not be provided in storage areas containing Class I,II or III organic peroxides shall detached storage buildings protected by an automatic fire-extinguish- comply with the requirements for electrical Class I, Division 2 ing system. locations. 8003.7.1.8 Storage conditions. 8003.7.2.4 Storage conditions. 8003.7.1.8.1 Maximum quantities. Maximum quantity per 8003.7.2.4.1 Maximum quantities. Maximum quantities of or- building in a mixed-occupancy building shall not exceed the ganic peroxides shall be in accordance with Tables 8003.7-A and amounts set forth in Table 8003.1-B. Maximum quantity per 8003.7-B. 1-231 8003.7—8003.7.2.5 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.7.2.4.2 Storage arrangement. Storage arrangement shall age areas for organic peroxides exceeding the amounts specified be in accordance with Tables 8003.7-C,8003.7-D and 8003.7-E. in Table 8003.1-B shall be located a minimum distance of 50 feet 8003.7.2.5 Separation. In addition to Section 8001.11.8, stor- (15 240 mm)from other hazardous material storage. TABLE 8003.7-A—SEPARATION OF DETACHED AND OUTDOOR STORAGE FROM OTHER BUILDINGS, PROPERTY LINES,STREETS,ALLEYS,PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS TO A PUBLIC WAY MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTITY(pounds) AT MINIMUM SEPARATION x 0.4536 for kg ORGANIC PEROXIDE CLASSI 50 Feet(15 240 mm) 100 Feet(30 480 mm) 150 Feet(45 720 mm) I 2,000 20,000 175,000 II 100,000 200,000 No limit III 200,000 No limit No limit IClasses IV and V,no requirement. TABLE 8003.7-B—SEPARATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL DETACHED STORAGE BUILDINGS OR AREAS MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTITY(pounds) AT MINIMUM SEPARATION x 0.4536 for kg ORGANIC PEROXIDE CLASS' 20 Feet(6096 mm) 75 Feet(22 860 mm) 100 Feet(30 480 mm) I 2,000 20,000 175,000 II and III Footnote 2 Klass IV and V,no requirement. 2When the amount of organic peroxide stored does not exceed the amount indicated in Table 8003.7-A,minimum separation shall be 20 feet(6096 mm).When the amount of organic peroxide stored exceeds the amount indicated in Table 8003.7-A, minimum separation shall be 50 feet(15 240 mm). TABLE 8003.7-C—STORAGE OF CLASS I ORGANIC PEROXIDES LIMITS(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum width 6 Maximum height 8 Minimum distance to next pile 41 Minimum distance to walls 42 Maximum quantity per building Footnote 3 IAt least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet(2438.4 mm)shall divide the storage area. 213istance to noncombustible walls is allowed to be reduced to 2 feet(609.6 mm). 3See Section 8003.1.15 and Tables 8003.7-A and 8003.7-B for maximum quantities. TABLE 8003.7-D—STORAGE OF CLASS II AND III ORGANIC PEROXIDES LIMITS(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm Piles Maximum width 10 Maximum height 8 Minimum distance to next pile 41 Minimum distance to walls 42 Maximum quantity per building Footnote 3 IAt least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet(2438.4 mm)shall divide the storage area. 213istance to noncombustible walls is allowed to be reduced to 2 feet(609.6 mm). 3See Section 8003.1.15 and Tables 8003.7-A and 8003.7-13 for maximum quantities. TABLE 8003.7-E—STORAGE OF CLASS IV ORGANIC PEROXIDES LIMITS(feet) CONDITION x 304.8 for mm 1-232 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8003.7-E Piles Maximum width 16 Maximum height 10 Minimum distance to next pile 31,2 Minimum distance to walls 4 I At least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet(2438.4 mm)shall divide the storage area. 2Distance shall not be less than one-half the pile height. TABLE 8003.8-A—PYROPHORIC GASES—DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO EXPOSURES1 MINIMUM DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS MINIMUM DISTANCE MINIMUM DISTANCE ON THE SAME PROPERTY MAXIMUM AMOUNT MINIMUM DISTANCE TO PROPERTY LINES TO STREETS,ALLEYS Nonrated or and No Four-hour and No PER STORAGE AREA BETWEEN STORAGE THAT CAN BE BUILT OR PUBLIC WAYS Openings withinJAoPour ngswithin 25 Openings within 25 (cubic feet) AREAS(feet) UPON(feet) (feet) 25 feet(7620 mm) et(7620 mm) feet(7620 mm) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm 250 5 25 5 5 0 0 2,500 10 50 10 10 5 0 7,500 20 100 20 20 10 0 IThe distances can be reduced to 5 feet(1524 stun)when protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of two hours interrupt the line of sight between the container and the exposure.The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet(1524 mm)from the exposure.The configuration of the protective structure shall allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations. 8003.8 Pyrophoric Materials. Outdoor storage of silane and mixtures of silane 2 percent or more by volume shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 80-1. 8003.8.1 Indoor storage. 8003.8.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. The separa- 8003.8.1.1 General. Indoor storage of pyrophoric solids, liq- tion of pyrophoric solids,liquids and gases from buildings,prop- uids and gases in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth erty lines, streets, alleys, public ways or means of egress to a in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 public way shall be in accordance with the following: and 8003.8.1. See also Section 8001.16.4. 1. Solids and liquids. Twice the separation required by Ar- Indoor storage of silane and mixtures of silane 2 percent or more ticle 79 for Class I-B flammable liquids. by volume shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 80-1. 2. Gases. The location and maximum amount of pyrophoric gas per storage area shall be in accordance with Table 8003.8-A. 8003.8.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13, 8003.8.2.3 Storage conditions. Quantities, arrangement and floors of storage areas containing pyrophoric liquids shall be of spacing for pyrophoric liquids and solids in tanks,portable tanks liquid-tight construction. and containers shall be in accordance with Article 79 as required 8003.8.1.3 Storage conditions. for Class I-B flammable liquids. 8003.8.2.4 Separation of incompatible materials. In addition 8003.8.1.3.1 Pyrophoric solids and liquids. Storage of pyro- to Section 8001.11.8,separation of pyrophoric liquids and solids phoric liquids and solids shall be limited to a maximum area of from other hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Article 100 square feet(9.29 m2)per pile.Storage shall not exceed 5 feet 79 as required for Class I-B flammable liquids. (1524 mm)in height.Individual containers shall not be stacked. 8003.9 Unstable(Reactive)Materials. Aisles between storage piles shall be a minimum of 10 feet 8003.9.1 Indoor storage. (3048 mm)in width. Individual tanks or containers shall not exceed 500 gallons 8003.9.1.1 General. General.Indoor storage of unstable(reac- (1893 L)capacity. tive)materials in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 8003.8.1.3.2 Pyrophoric gases. Storage of pyrophoric gases and 8003.9.1. shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section In addition,Class 3 and 4 unstable(reactive)detonatable mate- 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. rials shall be stored in accordance with the Building Code require- ments for explosives. 8003.8.1.4 Separation. In addition to Section 8001.11.8,indoor Storage and display of Class 2 and 3 unstable(reactive)materi- storage of pyrophoric solids, liquids and gases shall be isolated als in Group M Occupancies shall be in accordance with Section from incompatible hazardous materials by one-hour fire-resistive 8001.14. walls with openings protected in accordance with the Building Code. Storage of Class 2 and 3 unstable(reactive)materials in Group S Occupancies is allowed to be in accordance with Section EXCEPTION: Storage in approved hazardous materials storage 8001.14. cabinets constructed in accordance with Section 8001.10.6. 8003.8.2 Outdoor storage. 8003.9.1.2 Detached storage. Storage of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Sec- 8003.8.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of pyrophoric solids,liq- lion 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. uids and gases in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set 8003.9.1.3 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13, forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections floors of storage areas for liquids and solids shall be of liquid-tight 8003.1 and 8003.8.2. construction. 1-233 8003.9.1.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.9.1.4 Smoke and heat venting. Smoke and heat venting kler system,the materials shall be stored in closed watertight con- shall be provided. The design criteria shall be as set forth in the tainers. Building Code. 8003.10.1.7 Storage conditions. Water-reactive solids and liq- 8003.9.1.5 Storage conditions. Unstable (reactive) materials uids stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet (14.16 in ) stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet(14.16 m3)shall be shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet (14.16 m3). Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than the (14.16 m3).Aisle width shall not be less than the height of the piles height of the pile or 4 feet(1219 mm).whichever is greater. or 4 feet(1219 mm),whichever is greater. EXCEPTION:Water-reactive solids and liquids stored in tanks. EXCEPTION: Materials stored in tanks. Class 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in Unstable(reactive)materials shall not be stored in basements. basements unless such materials are stored in closed watertight containers or tanks. 8003.9.2 Outdoor storage. Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in 8003.9.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of unstable(reactive)ma- basements. terials in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth For storage with flammable liquids, see Section 7902.5.4. in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.9.2. 8003.10.2 Outdoor storage. 8003.9.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor stor- 8003.10.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of water-reactive solids age of unstable(reactive)material which can deflagrate shall not and liquids shall be within tanks or closed watertight contain- be within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of buildings,property lines,streets, ers, and in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in alleys,public ways or means of egress to a public way. Section 8001.15, shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.10.2. Outdoor storage of nondeflagrating unstable(reactive)materi- als shall not be within 20 feet (6096 mm)of buildings,property 8003.10.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor lines, streets, alleys, public ways or means of egress to a public storage of Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less Within 75 feet(22 860 mm)of buildings,property lines,streets,al- than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of the storage is leys,public ways or means of egress to a public way. allowed in lieu of such distance. Outdoor storage of Class 1 and 2 water-reactive solids and liq- uids shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of buildings,property 8 rials ha Storage conditions. Piles t(unstable(reactive)ma- lines, streets, alleys, public ways or means of egress to a public terials shall not exceed 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3). way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of the storage area height of the pile or 10 feet(3048 mm), whichever is greater. is allowed in lieu of such distance. 8003.10 Water-reactive Solids and Liquids. 8003.10.2.3 Storage conditions. Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to piles not greater than 100 cubic feet 8003.10.1 Indoor storage. (2,83 m3), 8003.10.1.1 General.Indoor storage of water-reactive solids and Class 1 or 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to liquids in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Sec- piles not greater than 1,000 cubic feet(28.3 m3). tion 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the 8003.10.1. height of the pile or 10 feet(3048 mm),whichever is greater. Storage and display of water-reactive materials in Group M Oc- 8003.11 Cryogenic Fluids. Storage of cryogenic fluids shall be cupancies shall be in accordance with Section 8001.14. in accordance with Article 75.For requirements pertaining to oxi- Storage of Class 2 and 3 water-reactive materials in Group S dizing cryogenic fluids,see UFC Standard 80-2.For requirements Occupancies is allowed to be in accordance with Section 8001.14. pertaining to flammable cryogenic fluids,see UFC Standard 80-3. For requirements pertaining to inert cryogenic fluids, see UFC 8003.10.1.2 Detached storage. Storage of water-reactive mate- Standard 80-4. rials shall be in detached buildings in accordance with Section 8003.1.15 when required by Section 8003.1.15. 8003.12 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids. 8003.10.1.3 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.12.1 Indoor storage. 8003.1.13,floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construe- 8003.12.1.1 General. Indoor storage of highly toxic and toxic tion. solids and liquids in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set 8003.10.1.4 Waterproof room. Rooms or areas used for the forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections storage of water-reactive solids or liquids shall be constructed in a 8003.1 and 8003.12.1. manner which resists the penetration of water through the use of Storage and display of highly toxic or toxic materials in Group waterproof materials. Piping carrying water for other than ap- M Occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 8001.14. proved automatic fire-sprinkler systems shall not be within such Storage of highly toxic or toxic materials in Group S Occupan- rooms or areas. cies is allowed to be in accordance with Section 8001.14. 8003.10.1.5 Smoke and heat venting. Smoke and heat venting 8003.12.1.2 Liquid-tight floors. In addition to Section shall be provided. The design criteria shall be as set forth in the 8003.1.13, floors of storage rooms shall be of liquid-tight Building Code. construction. 8003.10.1.6 Fire-extinguishing systems. When Class 3 solids 8003.12.1.3 Exhaust scrubber. Exhaust scrubbers or other sys- or liquids are stored in areas protected by an automatic fire-sprin- tems for the processing of highly toxic liquid vapors shall be pro- 1-234 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8003.10.2.2 vided for storage areas where a spill or other accidental release of 8003.13.1.4 Storage conditions. The maximum quantity and such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors. Ex- storage arrangement of radioactive materials to be stored in build- haust scrubbers and other processing systems shall be installed in ings or rooms designed for such purposes shall be in accordance accordance with the Mechanical Code. Emission control shall with the requirements of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and conform to the requirements of the local air quality authority. state and local requirements. 8003.12.1.4 Separation. In addition to Section 8001.11.8,stor- Storage of contaminated combustible materials shall be in tight- age of highly toxic liquids and solids shall be isolated from other ly closed noncombustible containers which do not contain other hazardous materials by one-hour fire-resistive construction or waste.Special attention shall be given to prompt disposal of com- stored in approved hazardous material storage cabinets. See Sec- bustible wastes contaminated with oxidizing materials that are tion 8001.10.6. subject to spontaneous heating. 8003.12.2 Outdoor storage. 8003.13.1.5 Container quantity limits. The quantity of materi- al in any individual container shall not exceed 2 millicuries(7.4 X 8003.12.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of highly toxic and toxic 107 becquerels)for alpha emitters, 200 curies (7.4 X 1012 bec- solids and liquids in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set querels)for beta emitters or 0.1 curies(3.7 x 109 becquerels)for forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections gamma emitters. 8003.1 and 8003.12.2. EXCEPTION:Licensed,sealed sources for instruments,calibra- tion devices and equipment. Licensing requirements and determina- tion of whether a source is sealed or nonsealed shall be as set forth in storage of highly toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall not be with- Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations. in 20 feet(6096 mm)of buildings,property lines,streets,alleys, 8003.13.2 Outdoor storage. public ways or means of egress to a public way.An unpierced two- hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than 30 inches 8003.13.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of radioactive mate- (762 mm)above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in rials in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Sec- lieu of such distance. tion 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 8003.12.2.3 Fire-extinguishing systems. Outdoor storage of and 8003.13.2. highly toxic solids and liquids shall be in fire-resistive containers 8003.13.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor or shall comply with one of the following: storage shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of property lines, 1. The storage area shall be protected by an automatic, open streets, alleys, public ways or means of egress to a public way. head, deluge fire-sprinkler system of the type and density speci- An unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than fied in the Fire Code(see Section 9003,Standard n.2.9),or 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. 2. Storage shall be located under a canopy of noncombustible construction, with the canopied area protected by an automatic Outdoor storage shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of build fire-sprinkler system of the type and density specified in the Fire ings unless the building exterior walls are not less than one-hour Code.See Section 9003,Standard n.2.9.Such storage shall not be fire-resistive construction. Storage shall not be within 10 feet considered indoor storage. See Section 8003.1.14. (3048 mm)from building openings.Building openings less than 20 feet(6096 mm)from outdoor storage shall be protected by a 8003.12.2.4 Storage conditions. Outdoor storage piles of high- fire assembly having a 45-minute fire-resistive rating. ly toxic solids and liquids shall be separated into piles,each not g003.13.2.3 Fire-extinguishing systems. Outdoor storage of larger than 2,500 cubic feet (70.79 m ). Aisle widths between radioactive materials shall be in fire-resistive containers or shall piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet comply with one is the following: (3048 mm),whichever is greater. The storage of highly toxic liquids which liberate highly toxic 1. The storage area shall be protected by an automatic, open vapors in the event of a spill or other accidental discharge shall not head,deluge fire-sprinkler system of the type and density speci- be outside of a building unless effective collection and treatment fied in the Fire Code(see Section 9003,Standard n.2.9),or systems are provided.The treatment system shall comply with the 2. Storage shall be located under a canopy of noncombustible Mechanical Code. construction,with the canopied area protected by an approved au- tomatic fire-extinguishing system.Such storage shall not be con- 8003.13 Radioactive Materials. sidered to be indoor storage.See Section 8003.1.14. 8003.13.1 Indoor storage. 8003.13.2.4 Storage conditions. Storage shall be arranged in 8003.13.1.1 General. Indoor storage of radioactive materials accordance with Nuclear Regulatory Commission, state and local in amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Sec- requirements. tion 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 8003.14 Corrosives. and 8003.13.1. 8003.14.1 Indoor storage. 8003.13.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 8003.1.13,floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construc- 8003.14.1.1 General. Indoor storage of corrosive materials in tion. amounts exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.13.1.3 Detection. Areas used for the storage of radioactive 8003.14.1. materials shall be provided with detection equipment suitable for EXCEPTION: For stationary lead-acid battery systems used for standby determining surface level contamination at levels that would pres- ent a short-term hazard condition.Such detection equipment is al- Power,emergency power or uninterrupted power supplies,see Article 64. lowed to be maintained at a location other than the storage area but Storage and display of corrosive materials in Group M Occu- shall be on the premises. pancies shall be in accordance with Section 8001.14. 1-235 ARTICLES 80-90 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Storage of corrosive materials in Group S Occupancies is al- cryogenic fluids, see UFC Standard 80-3.For requirements per- lowed to be in accordance with Section 8001.14. + taming to inert cryogenic fluids,see UFC Standard 80-4. 8003.14.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section? 8004.1.2 Separation from storage of hazardous materi- 8003.1.13,floors in storage areas for corrosive liquids shall be of als. See Section 8001.11.8. liquid-tight construction. 8004.1.3 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing,floors of 8003.14.2 Outdoor storage. areas where liquid or solid hazardous materials are dispensed or used in open systems shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight 8003.14.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of corrosive materials construction. in quantities exceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Sec- tion 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Sections 8003.1 8004.1.4 Spill control and secondary containment for hazard- and 8003.14.2. ous materials liquids. When required by other provisions of Section 8004, spill control and secondary containment shall be 8003.14.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor provided for hazardous materials liquids in accordance with Sec- storage of corrosive materials shall not be within 20 feet (6096 tion 8003.1.3. min) of buildings,property lines, streets, alleys,public ways or� means of egress to a public way.An unpierced two-hour fire-resis- tivewall extending not less than 30 inches(762 min)above and to 8004.1.5.1 General. Limit controls shall be provided in accor- the side of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. dance with Section 8004.1.5. 8003.15 Irritants,Sensitizers and Other Health Hazard Sol- 8004.1.5.2 Liquid level. ids,Liquids and Gases. 8004.1.5.2.1 High level. Open tanks in which hazardous materi- ' 8003.15.1 Indoor storage.There are no requirements for indoor als are used shall be equipped with a liquid level limit control or storage or display of irritants,sensitizers and other health hazard other means to prevent overfilling of the tank. solids,liquids and gases. 8004.1.5.2.2 Low level. Open tanks and containers in which 8003.15.2 Outdoor storage. hazardous materials are heated shall be equipped with approved automatic shutoff controls which will sense low liquid levels and 8003.15.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of irritants, sensitizers shut off the source of heat. and other health hazard solids, liquids and gases in quantities ex- ceeding the exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be 8004.1.53 Temperature. Process tanks and equipment which in accordance with Sections 8003.1 and 8003.15.2. involve temperature control of the material shall be provided with limit controls to maintain the temperature within a safe range. 8003.15.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures.Outdoor stor- age of irritants, sensitizers or other health hazard solids, liquids 8004.1.5.4 Pressure. Stationary tanks and equipment contain- and gases shall not be within 20 feet(6096 mm)of buildings,prop- ing materials which can generate pressures exceeding the tank or erty lines,streets,alleys,public ways or exits to a public way.An equipment design limits due to exposure fires or internal reaction unpierced two-hour fire-resistive wall extending not less than 30 shall be equipped with pressure-limiting or relief devices. Relief inches(762 min)above and to the sides of the storage area is al- devices for stationary tanks or equipment for highly toxic,toxic or lowed in lieu of such distance. corrosive materials shall vent to an exhaust scrubber or treatment system for processing of vapors or gases. See Section 8003.15.2.3 Storage conditions. Outdoor storage of carcino- 8003.3.1.3.5. Relief devices for flammable or explosive vapors or gens, irritants,sensitizers and other health hazard solids and liq- gases shall vent to an approved location. uids shall be separated into piles not larger than 2,500 cubic feet (70.79 m3).Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one- 8004.1.6 Standby and emergency power. When mechanical half the height of the piles or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, manual greater. alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are re- quired by other provisions of Section 8004,such systems shall be connected to a standby source of power to automatically supply SECTION 8004—USE, DISPENSING AND HANDLING electrical power in the event of loss of power from the primary source. See the Electrical Code. 8004.1 General. When highly toxic or toxic compressed gases or highly toxic 8004.1.1 Applicability. Use, dispensing and handling of haz- liquids are used or dispensed,emergency power shall be provided ardous materials where the aggregate quantity is in excess of the in lieu of standby power on all required systems.See the Electrical exempt amounts set forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accor- Code. dance with Sections 8001 and 8004. 8004.1.7 Supervision. Manual alarm,detection,and automatic EXCEPTIONS: 1.For stationary lead-acid battery systems used fire-extinguishing systems required by other provisions of Sec- for standby power,emergency power or uninterrupted power supply, tion 8004 shall be supervised by an approved central,proprietary see Article 64. or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual sig- 2. Application of pesticide products registered with the United nal at a constantly attended on-site location. States Environmental Protection Agency. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials where 8004.1.8 Signs. Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in the aggregate quantity does not exceed the exempt amounts set dispensing and open-use areas and within 25 feet(7620 min)of forth in Section 8001.15 shall be in accordance with Section 8001. outdoor dispensing or open-use areas. For flammable, oxidizing and pyrophoric gases, see also Sec- 8004.1.9 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial tion 8001.16. means shall be provided. Artificial lighting shall be in accord- For requirements pertaining to oxidizing cryogenic fluids,see ance with nationally recognized standards. See Article 90,Stan- UFC Standard 80-2. For requirements pertaining to flammable dard i.1.1. 1-236 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8004.1.10 8004.1.10 Fire-extinguishing systems. Indoor rooms or areas 8004.2.2.2 Ventilation. When gases,liquids or solids having a in which hazardous materials are dispensed or used shall be pro- hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3 are tected by an automatic fire-extinguishing system. Sprinkler sys- dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be pro- tem design shall not be less than that required by the Fire Code for vided to capture fumes,mists or vapors at the point of generation. Ordinary Hazard,Group 2,with a minimum design area of 3,000 EXCEPTION 1: Gases,liquids or solids which can be demon- square feet(278.7 m2). See Section 9003,Standard n.2.9.Where strated not to create harmful fumes,mists or vapors. the materials or storage arrangement require a higher level of [For SFM]2.Automatic fire protection shall not be required in lab- C L sprinkler system protection in accordance with nationally recog- oratory fume hoods except those having interiors with flame—spread AL nized standards, the higher level of sprinkler system protection index greater than 25 or smoke density greater than 450. Under condi- C L shall be provided. tion of extraordinary hazard automatic fire protection may be required C L for hoods having interiors with flame spread of 25 or less and smoke A4L EXCEPTION: Approved alternate automatic fire-extinguishing density no greater than 450 when tested according to UBC Standard C L systems are allowed. 8-1. When provided the fire protection system shall be suitable to ex- CA{ 8004.1.11 Ventilation. Indoor dispensing and use areas shall tinguish fires with the laboratory under the anticipated conditions of C L be provided with exhaust ventilation in accordance with Sec- use and shall comply with applicable standards. A L tion 8003.1.4. 8004.2.2.3 Fire-extinguishing system. In addition to Section EXCEPTION:Ventilation is not required for dispensing and use of 8004.1.10,laboratory fume hoods and spray booths where flam- flammable solids other than finely divided particles. mable materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an au- 8004.1.12 Emergency shutoff for flammable, oxidizing and tomatic fire-extinguishing system. pyrophoric gases. Flammable, oxidizing and pyrophoric gas 8004.2.2.4 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro- systems shall be provided with approved emergency shutoff vided in accordance with Section 8003.1.7 when an explosive en- valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source. vironment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dis- 8004.1.13 Container position for liquefied flammable gases pensing or use process. and flammable gases in solution. Containers of liquefied flam- mable gases and flammable gases in solution shall be in the up- 8004.2.2.5 Spill control and secondary containment for haz- right position or positioned such that the pressure-relief valve is in ardous materials liquids. direct contact with the vapor phase of the container. 8004.2.2.5.1 Spill control for hazardous materials liq- 8004.1.14 Bulk oxygen systems. Bulk oxygen systems at indus- uids. Buildings,rooms or areas where hazardous materials liq- trial and institutional consumer sites shall be in accordance with uids are dispensed into vessels exceeding a 1.1-gallon (4 L) UFC Standard 80-2. capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon(20 L)ca- pacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Sec- 8004.1.15 Liquid transfer. Liquids having a hazard ranking of tion 8003.1.3.2. 3 or 4 in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3 shall be transferred 8004.2.2.5.2 Secondary containment for hazardous materials by one of the following methods: liquids. When required by Table 8004.2-A,buildings,rooms or EXCEPTIONS:1.Liquids having a hazard ranking of 4 when dis- areas where hazardous materials liquids are dispensed or used in pensed from approved containers not exceeding 1.1 gallons(4 Q. open systems shall be provided with secondary containment in ac- 2. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 when dispensed from ap- cordance with Section 8003.1.3.3 when the capacity of an individ- proved containers not exceeding 5.3 gallons(20 L). ual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems 1. From safety cans. exceeds the following: 2. Through an approved closed-piping system. Individual Vessel or System: Greater than 1.1 gallons(4 L) 3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suc- Multiple Vessels or Systems: Greater than 5.3 gallons(20 L) tion through an opening in the top of the container or tank. 8004.2.3 Closed systems. 4. From containers or tanks by gravity through an approved self-or automatic-closing valve when the container or tank and 8004.2.3.1 General. Use of hazardous materials in closed con- dispensing operations are provided with spill control and secon- dary containment.See Section 8003.1.3. 8004.2.3.2 Use. Systems shall be suitable for the use intended EXCEPTION:Highly toxic liquids shall not be dispensed by grav- and shall be designed by persons competent in such design.Where ity from tanks. nationally recognized good practices or standards have been es- 5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems. tablished for the processes employed,they shall be followed in the design.Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from enter- 8004.1.16 Silane. Use and dispensing of silane and mixtures of ing or leaving process or reaction systems at other than the in- silane greater than 2 percent by volume shall be in accordance tended time,rate or path.When automatic controls are provided, with Section 8004 and UFC Standard 80-1. they shall be designed to be fail safe. 8004.2 Indoor Dispensing and Use. 8004.2.3.3 Ventilation. If closed systems are designed to be opened as part of normal operations,ventilation shall be provided 8004.2.1 General. Indoor dispensing and use of hazardous ma- in accordance with Section 8004.2.2.2. terials shall be in buildings complying with the Building Code and in accordance with Sections 8004.1 and 8004.2. 8004.2.3.4 Fire-extinguishing system. In addition to Section 8004.1.10,laboratory fume hoods and spray booths where flam- 8004.2.2 Open systems. mable materials are used shall be protected by an automatic fire- 8004.2.2.1 General. Dispensing and use of hazardous mate- extinguishing system. rials in open containers or systems shall be in accordance with 8004.2.3.5 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro- Section 8004.2.2. vided in accordance with Section 8003.1.7 when an explosive en- 1-237 8004.2.2.5.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE vironment can occur because of the hazardous materials scrubber or other processing system.Such systems shall be in ac- dispensed or used,or as a result of the dispensing or use process. cordance with the Mechanical Code as required for product-con- EXCEPTION: When process vessels are designed to fully contain veying ventilation systems. the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process 8004.3 Outdoor Dispensing and Use. conditions considering the most likely failure. 8004.2.3.6 Spill control and secondary containment for haz- 8004.3.1 General. ardous materials liquids. 8004.3.1.1 Quantities exceeding exempt amounts. Outdoor 8004.2.3.6.1 Spill control for hazardous materials liq- dispensing or use of hazardous materials in both closed or open uids. Buildings,rooms or areas where hazardous materials liq- containers or systems where the aggregate quantity is in excess of uids are used in individual vessels exceeding a 55-gallon(208.2 L) the exempt amounts in Tables 8001.15-C and 8001.15-D shall be capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with in accordance with Sections 8004.1 and 8004.3. Section 8003.1.3.2. EXCEPTION:Application of pesticide products registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency. 8004.23.6.2 Secondary containment for hazardous materials 8004.3.1.2 Quantities not exceeding exempt amounts. Out- liquids. When required by Table 8004.2-A,buildings,rooms or door dispensing or use of hazardous materials where the aggregate areas where hazardous materials liquids are used in vessels or sys- quantity does not exceed the exempt amounts specified in Tables tems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance 8001.15-C and 8001.15-D are not required to be in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.3 when the capacity of an individual vessel with Section 8004 except as provided in Section 8004.3. or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following: 8004.3.2 Location. Outdoor dispensing and use areas for haz- Individual Vessel or System: Greater than 55 gallons a rdous materials shall be located as required for outdoor storage in (208.2 L) accordance with Section 8003. Multiple Vessels or Systems: Greater than 1,000 gallons 8004.3.3 Spill control and secondary containment for hazard- (3785 L) ous materials liquids. 8004.2.3.7 Special requirements for highly toxic and toxic compressed gases. 8004.3.3.1 Open systems. 8004.2.3.7.1 Ventilation and storage arrangement. Com- 8004.3.3.1.1 Spill control for hazardous materials liq- pressed gas cylinders shall be within gas cabinets,exhausted en- uids. Outdoor areas where hazardous materials liquids are dis- closures or gas rooms.Portable or stationary tanks shall be within pensed in vessels exceeding a 1.1-gallon(4 L)capacity or used in gas rooms or exhausted enclosures. open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon(20 L)capacity shall be pro- 8004.2.3.7.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be in accordance vided with spill control in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.2. with Section 8003.3.1.3.2. Gas cabinets shall be internally sprin- 8004.3.3.1.2 Secondary containment for hazardous materials klered. liquids. When required by Table 8004.2-A,outdoor areas where hazardous materials liquids are dispensed or used in open systems 8004.2.3.7.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with shall be in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.3.Exhausted en- Section 8003.1.3.3 when the capacity of an individual vessel or closures shall be internally sprinklered. system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the 8004.2.3.7.4 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall be in accordance with following: Sections 8003.3.1.3.4 and 8003.3.1.3.5.Gas rooms shall be inter- Individual Vessel or System: Greater than 1.1 gallons(4 L) nally sprinklered. Multiple Vessels or Systems: Greater than 5.3 gallons(20 L) 8004.2.3.7.5 Treatment systems. Treatment systems shall be 8004.3.3.2 Closed systems. provided in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.5. 8004.3.3.2.1 Spill control for hazardous materials liq- 8004.2.3.7.6 Gas detection. Gas detection shall be provided in uids. Outdoor areas where hazardous materials liquids are used accordance with Section 8003.3.1.6.Activation of the monitoring in closed systems exceeding 55 gallons (208.2 L) shall be pro- system shall automatically close the shutoff valve on highly toxic vided with spill control in accordance with Section 8003.1.3.2. or toxic gas supply lines related to the system being monitored. 8004.3.3.2.2 Secondary containment for hazardous materials EXCEPTION: Automatic shutdown need not be provided for liquids. When required by Table 8004.2-A,outdoor areas where reactors utilized for the production of toxic or highly toxic gases when such reactors are: hazardous materials liquids are dispensed or used in closed sys- 1. Operated at pressures less than 15 psig(103.4 kPa), tems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance 2. Constantly attended,and with Section 8003.1.3.3 when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds 3. Provided with readily accessible emergency shutoff valves. the following: 8004.2.3.7.7 Smoke detection. Smoke detection shall be pro- Individual Vessel or System: Greater than 55 gallons vided in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.7. (208.2 L) 8004.2.3.7.8 Maximum number of cylinders per gas cabi- Multiple Vessels or Systems: Greater than 1,000 gallons net. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas cabinet (3785 L) shall not exceed three. 8004.3.4 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding 8004.2.3.7.9 Process equipment. Effluent from process equip- an outdoor dispensing or use area shall be kept clear of combus- ment containing highly toxic or toxic gases which could be dis- tible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet charged to the atmosphere shall be processed through an exhaust (9144 mm). 1-238 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8004.4.1.2-8004.4.3 8004.3.5 Special requirements for toxic and highly toxic com- 8004.3.8 Special requirements for pyrophoric gases. Pyro- pressed gases. phoric gases shall be located in accordance with Table 8003.8-A. 8004.3.5.1 Ventilation and arrangement. When cylinders, 8004.4 Handling. containers or portable tanks are used outdoors,gas cabinets or ex- hausted enclosures shall be provided. 8004.4.1 General. 8004.3.5.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be in accordance 8004.4.1.1 Quantities exceeding exempt amounts. Handling with Section 8003.3.1.3.2. of hazardous materials in indoor and outdoor locations where the aggregate quantity is in excess of the exempt amounts in Tables 8004.3.5.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures shall 8001.15-A through 8001.15-D shall be in accordance with Sec- be in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.3. tions 8004.1 and 8004.4. 8004.3.5.4 Treatment systems. Treatment systems shall be pro- 8004.4.1.2 Quantities not exceeding exempt amounts. Han- vided in accordance with Section 8003.3.1.3.5. dling of hazardous materials in indoor locations where the aggre- gate quantity does not exceed the exempt amount specified in 8004.3.5.5 Gas detection. Gas detection shall be provided in Tables 8001.15-A and 8001.15-B shall be in accordance with Sec- gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures in accordance with Section tions 8004.1 and 8004.4.Handling of hazardous materials in out- 8003.3.1.6. Activation of the monitoring system shall automati- cally door locations where the aggregate quantity does not exceed the close the shutoff valve on highly toxic or toxic gas supply exempt amount specified in Tables 8001.15-C and 8001.15-D is lines related to the system being monitored. not required to be in accordance with Section 8004,except as pro- vided in Section 8004.3. EXCEPTION: Automatic shutdown need not be provided for reactors utilized for the production of toxic or highly toxic gases when 8004.4.2 Location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous mate- such reactors are: rials shall be located as required for outdoor storage in accordance 1. Operated at pressures less than 15 psig(103.4 kPa), with Section 8003. 2. Constantly attended,and 8004.4.3 Emergency alarm. When hazardous materials having 3. Provided with readily accessible emergency shutoff valves. a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with UFC Standard 79-3 8004.3.5.6 Fire-extinguishing system. Gas cabinets and ex- are transported through corridors or exit enclosures,there shall be hausted enclosures shall be internally sprinklered. an emergency telephone system,a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot 8004.3.6 Special requirements for flammable gases. Flam- (45 720 mm)intervals and at each exit and exit-access doorway mable gases shall be located in accordance with Table 8003.5-A. throughout the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or 8004.3.7 Special requirements for oxidizer gases. Oxidizer constantly attended on-site location and shall also initiate a local gases shall be located in accordance with Table 8003.6-G. audible alarm. TABLE 8004.2-A—REQUIRED SECONDARY CONTAINMENT—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS USE INDOOR USE OUTDOOR USE MATERIAL Solids Liquids Solids Liquids 1.Physical Hazard Materials Combustible dusts NR NA NR NA Combustible liquids Class II NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class III-A NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class III-B NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Cryogenic liquids NA See Article 75 NA See Article 75 Explosives See Article 77 See Article 77 Flammable liquids Class I-A NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class I-B NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Class I-C NA See Article 79 NA See Article 79 Flammable solids NR NA NR NA Organic peroxides Class D NR R NR R Class I NR R NR R Class II NR R NR R Class III NR R NR R Class IV NR R NR R Class V NR NR NR NR Oxidizers Class 4 NR R NR R Class 3 NR R NR R Class 2 NR R NR R Class 1 NR R NR R Pyrophorics NR R NR R 1-239 TABLE 8004.2-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDOOR USE OUTDOOR USE MATMIAL Solids Liquids Solids Liquids Unstable(reactives) Class 4 NR R R R Class 3 NR R R R Class 2 NR R R R Class 1 NR NR R R Water reactives Class 3 NR R R R Class 2 NR R R R Class 1 NR NR R R 2.Health Hazard Materials Carcinogens NR R NR R Corrosives NR R NR R Highly toxics NR R NR R Irritants NR NR NR R Other health hazards NR NR NR R Radioactives NR R NR R Sensitizers NR NR NR R Toxics NR R NR R NA=Not Applicable NR=Not Required R=Required D=Detonatable 1-240 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8101 ARTICLE 81 - HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE SECTION 8101 —GENERAL 12. Type, location and specifications of smoke-removal and curtain board systems. 8101.1 Scope. Buildings containing high-piled combustible 13. Dimension and location of transverse and longitudinal flue storage shall be in accordance with Article 81.In addition to the requirements of Article 81,aerosols shall be in accordance with spaces. Article 88,flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accor- 14. Additional information regarding required design features, dance with Article 79,and hazardous materials shall be in accor- commodities, storage arrangement and fire-protection features dance with Article 80. within the high-piled storage area shall be provided at the time of Storage of combustible paper records shall be in accordance Permit, when required by the chief. ' with Article 81 and UFC Standard 81-4. 8101.3.3 Evacuation plan. When required by the chief, an 8101.2 Definitions. evacuation plan for public accessible areas and a separate set of plans indicating location and width of aisles,location of exits and 8101.2.1 General. For definitions of AEROSOL; ARRAY; exit-access doors and exit signs,height of storage,and locations of ARRAY, CLOSED; BE%BOX; COMMODITY; CURTAIN hazardous materials shall be submitted at the time of permit ap- BOARD; EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE SPRIN- plication for review and approval. Following approval of the KLER; EXPANDED PLASTIC; EXTRAHIGH-RACK COM- plans, a copy of the approved plans shall be maintained on the BUSTIBLE STORAGE; HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE premises in an approved location. STORAGE; LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE; MANUAL 8101.4 Commodity Classification. STOCKING METHODS;MECHANICAL STOCKING METH- ODS;SHELF STORAGE;AND TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE, 8101.4.1 General. see Article 2. 8101.4.1.1 Classification of commodities. Commodities shall 8101.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 81, be classified as Class I,II,III,IV or high hazard in accordance with certain terms are defined as follows: Section 8101.4.1.Materials listed within each commodity classi- fication STORAGE AREA is an area within a building fication are assumed to be unmodified for improved combustibil- g ity characteristics. Use of flame-retarding modifiers or the which is designated,intended,proposed or actually used for high- physical form of the material could change the classification.See piled combustible storage. Section 8101.4.2 for classification of Groups A,B and C plastics. SOLID SHELVING is shelving that is solid,slatted,mesh,or 8101.4.1.2 Class I commodities. Class I commodities are es- grated located within racks that obstructs sprinkler water penetra- sentially noncombustible products on wooden or nonexpanded tion through the racks. polyethylene solid deck pallets, in ordinary corrugated cartons 8101.3 Permits and Plan Submittal. with or without single-thickness dividers, or in ordinary paper wrappings with or without pallets. Class I commodities are al- 8101.3.1 Permits. For a permit to use a building for high-piled lowed to contain a limited amount of Group A plastics in accor- combustible storage,see Section 105,Permit h.3. dance with Section 8101.4.3. Examples of Class I commodities include,but are not limited to,the following: 8101.3.2 Plans and specifications submittal. At the time of permit application, plans and specifications including the infor- Alcoholic beverages not exceeding 20 percent alcohol mation specified in Section 8101.3.2 shall be submitted for review Appliances—noncombustible,electrical and approval.Following approval of the plans,a copy of the ap- Cement in bags proved plans shall be maintained on the premises in an approved location.The plans shall include the following: Ceramics 1. Floor plan of the building showing locations and dimen- Dairy products in nonwax-coated containers (excluding sions of high-piled storage areas. bottles) 2. Useable storage height for each storage area. Dry insecticides 3. Number of tiers within each rack,if applicable. Foods in noncombustible containers 4. Commodity clearance between top of storage and the Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers sprinkler deflector for each storage arrangement. Frozen foods 5. Aisle dimensions between each storage array. Glass 6. Maximum pile volume for each storage array. Glycol in metal cans 7. Location and classification of commodities in accordance Gypsum board with Section 8101.4. Inert materials,bagged 8. Location of commodities which are banded or encapsu- Insulation,noncombustible lated. Noncombustible liquids in plastic containers having less than a 9. Location of required fire department access doors. 5-gallon(18.9 L)capacity 10. Type of fire-suppression and fire-detection systems. Noncombustible metal products 11. Location of valves controlling the water supply of ceiling 8101.4.1.3 Class II commodities. Class II commodities are and in-rack sprinklers. Class I products in slatted wooden crates, solid wooden boxes, 1-241 8101.4.1.3 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8101.4.2.2 multiple-thickness paperboard cartons or equivalent combustible Aerosol,Level 2(see Article 88) packaging material with or without pallets.Class II commodities Alcoholic beverages,exceeding 20 percent but less than 80 per- are allowed to contain a limited amount of Group A plastics in ac- cent alcohol,in cans or bottles in cartons cordance with Section 8101.4.3.Examples of Class II commodi- ties include,but are not limited to,the following: Clothing, synthetic or nonviscose Alcoholic beverages not exceeding 20 percent alcohol,in com- Combustible metal products (solid) bustible containers Furniture, plastic upholstered Foods in combustible containers Furniture,wood or metal with plastic covering and padding Incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs in cartons Glycol in combustible containers (greater than 25 percent and Thinly coated fine wire on reels or in cartons less than 50 percent) 8101.4.1.4 Class III commodities. Class III commodities are Linoleum products commodities of wood,paper,natural fiber cloth,or Group C plas- Paints,oil base in combustible containers tics or products thereof, with or without pallets. Products are al- Pharmaceutical, alcoholic elixirs, tonics, etc. lowed to contain limited amounts of Group A or B plastics,such as metal bicycles with plastic handles,pedals,seats and tires.Group Rugs,foamed back A plastics shall be limited in accordance with Section 8101.4.3. Shingles, asphalt Examples of Class III commodities include,but are not limited to, Thread or yarn,synthetic or nonviscose the following: Aerosol.Level 1 (see Article 88) 8101.4.1.6 High-hazard commodities. High-hazard commod- ities are high-hazard products presenting special fire hazards be- Combustible fiberboard yond those of Class 1,II,III or IV.Group A plastics not otherwise Cork, baled classified are included in this class. Examples of high-hazard Feed, bagged commodities include,but are not limited to,the following: Fertilizers, bagged Aerosol,Level 3 (see Article 88) Food in plastic containers Alcoholic beverages, exceeding 80 percent alcohol, in bottles or cartons Furniture: wood,natural fiber,upholstered,nonplastic,wood or Commodities of any class in plastic containers in carousel stor- , metal with plastic-padded and covered arm rests age. Glycol in combustible containers not exceeding 25 percent Flammable solids(except solid combustible metals) Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in metal cans Glycol in combustible containers(50 percent or greater) Lumber Lacquers, which dry by solvent evaporation, in metal cans or Mattresses,excluding foamed rubber and foamed plastics cartons Noncombustible liquids in plastic containers having a capacity Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in plastic containers of more than 5 gallons(18.9 L) Mattresses,foamed rubber or foamed plastics Paints, oil base,in metal cans Pallets and flats which are idle combustible Paper, waste,baled Paper,asphalt,rolled,horizontal storage Paper and pulp, horizontal storage, or vertical storage that is Paper,asphalt,rolled,vertical storage banded or protected with approved wrap Paper and pulp,rolled,in vertical storage which is unbanded or Paper in cardboard boxes not protected with an approved wrap Pillows, excluding foamed rubber and foamed plastics Pillows,foamed rubber and foamed plastics Plastic-coated paper food containers Pyroxylin Plywood Rubber tires Rags,baled Vegetable oil and butter in plastic containers Rugs, without foamed backing 8101.4.2 Classification of plastics. Sugar, bagged 8101.4.2.1 General. Plastics shall be designated as Group A,B Wood,baled or C in accordance with Section 8101.4.2. Wood doors,frames and cabinets 8101.4.2.2 Group A plastics. Group A plastics are plastic mate- Yarns of natural fiber and viscose rials having a heat of combustion that is much higher than that of 8101.4.1.5 Class IV commodities. Class IV commodities are ordinary combustibles, and a burning rate higher than that of Class I,II or III products containing Group A plastics in ordinary Group B plastics.Examples of Group A plastics include,but are corrugated cartons and Classes 1,II and III products,with Group A not limited to,the following: plastic packaging,with or without pallets. Group B plastics and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) free-flowing Group A plastics are also included in this class.The Acetal (polyformaldehyde) total amount of nonfree-flowing Group A plastics shall be in ac- cordance with Section 8101.4.3.Examples of Class IV commodi- Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate) ties include,but are not limited to,the following: Butyl rubber 1-242 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8101.4.2.2 8101.6.6 EPDM(ethylene-propylene rubber) 8101.5 Designation of High-piled Storage Areas. FRP(fiberglass-reinforced polyester) 8101.5.1 General. High-piled storage areas, and portions of Natural rubber(expanded) high-piled storage areas intended for storage of a different com- Nitrile rubber(acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) modity class than adjacent areas,shall be designed and specifical- ly designated to contain Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV or PET or PETE(polyethylene terephthalate) high-hazard commodities.The designation of a high-piled com- Polybutadiene bustible storage area,or portion thereof intended for storage of a different commodity class, shall be based on the highest hazard Polycarbonate commodity class stored except as provided in Section 8101.5.2. Polyester elastomer 8101.5.2 Designation based on engineering analysis. The des- Polyethylene ignation of a high-piled combustible storage area,or portion there- Polypropylene of,is allowed to be based on a lower hazard class than that of the highest class of commodity stored when a limited quantity of the Polystyrene(expanded and unexpanded) higher hazard commodity has been demonstrated by engineering Polyurethane(expanded and unexpanded) analysis to be adequately protected by the sprinkler system pro- vided. The engineering analysis shall consider the ability of the PVC (polyvinyl chloride greater than 15 percent plasticized, sprinkler system to deliver the higher density required by the high- e.g.,coated fabric unsupported film) er-hazard commodity.The higher density shall be based on the ac- SAN(styrene acrylonitrile) tual storage height of the pile or rack and the minimum allowable design area for sprinkler operation as set forth in the density/area SBR(styrene-butadiene rubber) figures provided in UFC Standards 81-1 and 81-2.The contiguous 8101.4.2.3 Group B plastics. Group B plastics are plastic mate- area occupied by higher-hazard commodity shall not exceed 120 rials having a heat of combustion and a burning rate higher than square feet(11.15 in ),and additional areas of higher-hazard com- that of ordinary combustibles,but not as high as those of Group A modity shall be separated from other such areas by plastics.Examples of Group B plastics include,but are not limited 25 feet(7620 mm)or more. to,the following: The sprinkler system shall be capable of delivering the higher Cellulosics(cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl density over a minimum area of 900 square feet(83.6 m2)for wet cellulose) pipe systems and 1,200 square feet(111.5 m2)for dry pipe sys- tems.The shape of the design area shall be in accordance with the Chloroprene rubber Fire Code(see Section 9003, Standard n.2.9). Fluoroplastics (ECTFE, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene co- polymer; ETFE, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer; FEP, 8101.6 Housekeeping and Maintenance. fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer) 8101.6.1 Rack structures. The structural integrity of racks shall Natural rubber(nonexpanded) be maintained. Nylon(Nylon 6,Nylon 6/6) 8101.6.2 Ignition sources. PVC(polyvinyl chloride greater than 5 percent,but not exceed- ing 15 percent plasticized) 8101.6.2.1 General. Clearance from ignition sources shall be Silicone rubber provided in accordance with Section 1109. 8101.4.2.4 Group C plastics. Group C plastics are plastic mate- 8101.6.2.2 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited. Approved rials which have a heat of combustion and a burning rate similar to NO SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously posted. See Sec- those of ordinary combustibles.Examples of Group C plastics in- tion 1109.4. clude,but are not limited to,the following: Fluoroplastics (PCTFE, polychlorotrifluoroethylene; PTFE, 8101.6.3 Aisle maintenance. When restocking is not being con- polytetrafluoroethylene) ducted,aisles shall be kept clear of storage,waste material and de- bris.Fire department access doors,aisles and exit doors shall not Melamine(melamine formaldehyde) be obstructed. Phenol During restocking operations using manual stocking methods,a PVC (polyvinyl chloride, rigid or plasticized less than 5 per- minimum unobstructed aisle width of 24 inches(609.6 nun)shall cent,e.g.,pipe,pipe fittings) be maintained in 48-inch (1219.2 mm) or smaller aisles, and a minimum unobstructed aisle width of one half of the required aisle PVDC(polyvinylidene chloride) width shall be maintained in aisles greater than 48 inches(1219.2 PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) mm).During mechanical stocking operations,a minimum unob- structed aisle width of 44 inches(1117.6 nun)shall be maintained. PVF(polyvinyl fluoride) See Section 8102.10. Urea(urea formaldehyde) 8101.6.4 Pile dimension and height limitations. See Sec- 8101.4.3 Limited quantities of Group A plastics in mixed tion 8103.3. commodities. Figure 8101.4-A shall be used to determine the quantity of Group A plastics allowed to be stored in a package 8101.6.5 Arrays. See Section 8103.4. or carton or on a pallet without increasing the commodity classifi- cation. 8101.6.6 Flue spaces, See Section 8104.3. 1-243 FIGURE 8101.4-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8102-8102.6.1 30 g Classify as high-hazar commodity `-' 25 Z5 m m d m 20 6 wco 0 15 m Classifyy as o E Class IV o commodity o a 10 3 f m 5 w a Classify as Class C.) t,It or III 0 commodity 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Percent by Weight of Unexpanded Plastic4 FIGURE 8101.4-A—MIXED COMMODITIES1,2 (See Section 8101.4.3) [This table is intended to determine the commodity classification of a mixed commodity in a package,carton or on a pallet when plastics are involved. 2The following is an example of how to apply the table:A package containing a Class III commodity has 12 percent Group A expanded plastic by volume.The weight of the unexpanded Group A plastic is 10 percent.This commodity is classified as a Class W commodity.If the weight of the unexpanded plastic is increased to 14 percent,the classification changes to a high-hazard commodity. 3Percent by volume= Volume of plastic in pallet load Total volume of pallet load,including pallet 4Percent by weight= Weight of plastic in pallet load Total weight of pallet load,including pallet SECTION 8102—GENERAL FIRE-PROTECTION AND 8102.3.2.2 Multiclass high-piled storage areas. High-piled LIFE-SAFETY FEATURES storage areas classified as Class I through Class IV not separated from high-piled storage areas classified as high hazard shall uti- 8102.1 General. Fire-protection and life-safety features for lize the aggregate of all high-piled storage areas as high hazard for high-piled storage areas shall be in accordance with Section 8102. purposes of application of Table 81-A.To be considered as sepa- Nationally recognized standards or guidelines,as applicable,are rated, one-hour-rated fire-resistive walls shall be constructed in allowed to be used when approved. accordance with the Building Code.Openings in such walls shall 8102.2 Extent and Type of Protection. Fire-detection systems, be protected by fire assemblies having a one-hour fire-protection smoke and heat removal, curtain boards, small hose valves and rating. stations,and fire sprinkler design densities shall extend the lesser The requirements of Table 81-B shall be applied separately over of 15 feet(4572 mm)beyond the high piled storage area or to a each high-piled storage area for portions of storage areas having permanent partition. When portions of high-piled storage areas different requirements due to commodity classification or storage have different fire-protection requirements due to commodity, height. method of storage or storage height,the fire-protection features required by Table 81-A within this area shall be based on the most 8102.4 Fire Sprinklers. Fire sprinkler systems shall be pro- restrictive design requirements. vided in accordance with Sections 8103 and 8104. 8102.3 Separation of High-piled Storage Areas. 8102.5 Fire Detection. When fire detection is required by Table 81-A, an approved automatic fire-detection system shall be 8102.3.1 Separation from other uses. Mixed occupancies shall installed throughout the high-piled storage area.The system shall be separated per the Building Code. be monitored and shall be in accordance with Section 1006. 81023.2 Multiple high-piled storage areas. 8102.6 Building Access. 8102.3.2.1 General. The aggregate of all high-piled storage 8102.6.1 Access roadways. When building access is required areas within a building shall be used for application of Table 81-A by Table 81-A,access roadways shall be provided to within 150 unless such areas are separated from each other by one-hour-rated feet (45.7 mm) of all portions of the exterior walls of buildings fire-resistive walls constructed in accordance with the Building used for high-piled storage. Code.Openings in such walls shall be protected by fire assemblies EXCEPTION:When access roads cannot be installed due to to- having a one-hour fire-protection rating. pography,railways,waterways,nonnegotiable grades or other similar 1-244 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8102.6.1 8103.2 conditions,the chief is authorized to require additional fire protection 8102.8.2 Construction. Curtain boards shall be constructed of as required for special hazards in Section 1001.9. sheet metal,lath and plaster,gypsum wallboard,or other approved Specifications for fire apparatus access roads shall be in accor- materials which provide equivalent performance that will resist dance with Section 902.2. the passage of smoke.Joints and connections shall be smoke tight. 8102.6.2 Access doors. 8102.8.3 Location and depth. The location and depth of curtain boards shall be in accordance with Table 81-B. 8102.6.2.1 General. When building access is required by Table 81-A, fire department access doors shall be provided in accor- 8102.9 Hose Stations and Hose Connections. dance with Section 8102.6.2. Access doors shall be accessible 8102.9.1 Small hose stations. When small hose valves and sta- without the use of a ladder. tions are required by Table 81-A,approved 11/2-inch(38.1 mm) 8102.6.2.2 Number of doors required. One or more access hose valves shall be provided at approved locations. When re- doors shall be provided in each 100 lineal feet(30 480 mm),or quired by the chief,hose,nozzles,hose racks,and cabinets or cov- major fraction thereof,of the exterior walls which face required ers shall be provided. See UFC Standards 81-1 and 81-2. access roadways. 8102.9.2 Fire department hose connections. When exit pas- 8102.6.2.3 Door size and type. Access doors shall not be less sageways are required by the building code for egress, a Class I than 3 feet(914 mm)in width and 6 feet 8 inches(2032 mm)in standpipe system shall be provided in accordance with the Build- height.Roll-up doors shall not be used unless approved. ing Code. See UBC Standard NO TAG. 8102.10 Aisles. 8102.6.2.4 Locking devices. Only approved locking devices shall be used. 8102.10.1 General. Aisles providing access to exits and fire de- partment access doors shall be provided in high-piled storage 8102.7 Smoke and Heat Removal. areas exceeding 500 square feet (46.45 m2) in accordance with Section 8102.10.For aisles separating storage piles or racks,see 8102.7.1 General. When smoke and heat removal are required also UFC Standards 81-1 and 81-2 and Article 88. by Table 81-A,smoke and heat vents shall be provided in accor- dance with Section and EXCEPTION: Where aisles are precluded by rack storage sys- . tems,alternate methods of access and protection are allowed when ap- EXCEPTIONS: 1. When the installation of smoke and heat vents proved. is determined by the chief to be impractical,mechanical smoke-remov- 8102.10.2 Width. al systems are allowed to be provided in accordance with UFC Stan- dard 81-3. 8102.10.2.1 General. Aisle width shall be in accordance with 2. Frozen food storage classified as a Class I or Class II commodity Section 8102.10.2. is not required to be provided with smoke and heat vents or mechanical smoke removal when protected by an automatic sprinkler system. EXCEPTIONS:1.Cross aisles used only for employee access be- tween aisles shall be 24 inches(609.6 mm)or more in width. 8102.7.2 Types of vents.Smoke and heat vents shall be approved 2. Aisles separating shelves classified as shelf storage shall be and shall be labeled to indicate compliance with nationally recog- 30 inches(762 mm)or more in width. nized standards.See Article 90,Standards f.1.2,L2.1 and u.1.12. 8102.10.2.2 Sprinklered buildings. Aisles in sprinklered Smoke and heat vents shall be operated automatically by activa- buildings shall be 44 inches(1117.6 mm)or more in width.Aisles tion of any one of the following: shall be 96 inches (2438.4 mm) or more in width in high-piled 1.An approved fixed-temperature heat-responsive device rated storage areas exceeding 2,500 square feet(232.26 m2)in area and between 100 and 200'F(56 and I I I�C)above estimated ambient designated to contain high-hazard commodities. temperatures, Aisles shall be 96 inches(2438.4 mm)or more in width in pub- 2.An approved rate-of-rise device,or lic accessible areas where mechanical stocking methods are used. 3.Approved heat-sensitive glazing designed to shrink and drop 8102.10.2.3 Nonsprinklered buildings. Aisles in nonsprin- out of the vent opening. klered buildings shall be 96 inches(2438.4 mm)or more in width. The heat-responsive device shall be listed and labeled.Smoke 8102.10.3 Clear height. The required aisle width shall extend and heat vents shall have the capability of being opened by an ap- from floor to ceiling.Rack structural supports and catwalks are al- proved manual operation. lowed to cross aisles at a height 6 feet 8 inches(2032 mm)or more above the level of the finished floor,provided that such supports 8102.7.3 Vent dimensions. The effective venting area shall not do not interfere with fire department hose stream trajectory. be less than 16 square feet(1.49 m2)with no dimension less than 4 feet(1219 mm),excluding ribs or gutters having a total width not 8102.10.4 Dead ends. Dead end aisles shall be in accordance ' exceeding 6 inches(152.4 mm). with the Building Code. 8102.7.4 Vent locations. Smoke and heat vents shall be located 8102.11 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Portable fire extinguish- in accordance with Table 81-B. Vents shall be located 20 feet ers shall be provided in accordance with UFC Standard 10-1. (6096 mm)or more from lines of adjacent properties and 10 feet (3048 mm)or more from occupancy separation walls separating SECTION 8103-SOLID-PILED AND SHELF other high-piled storage areas. Vents shall be uniformly located STORAGE within the roof area above high-piled storage areas. 8103.1 General. Shelf storage and storage in solid piles, solid 8102.8 Curtain Boards. piles on pallets and binbox storage in binboxes not exceeding 8102.8.1 General. When curtain boards are required by Table 5 feet(1524 mm)in any dimension shall be in accordance with 81-A, curtain boards shall be provided in accordance with Sec- Sections 8102 and 8103. tion 8102.8. 8103.2 Fire Protection. 1-245 8103.2.1 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8106.1 8103.2.1 General. When fire sprinklers are required by Table Fire protection for records storage racks with solid shelving 81-A, an approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in LTFC installed throughout the building or to one-hour-rated fire-resis- Standard 81-4. tive walls constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Openings in such walls shall be protected by fire assemblies hav- 8104.3 Flue Spaces. Flue spaces shall be provided in accor- ing one-hour fire-protection ratings.The design and installation of dance with Table 8104.3-A. Required flue spaces shall be main- the automatic fire sprinkler system and other applicable fire tained. protection shall be in accordance with the Fire Code(see Section 9003,Standard n.2.9)and UFC Standard 81-1. 8104.4 Column Protection. Steel building columns shall be protected in accordance with UFC Standard 81-2. 8103.2.2 Shelf storage. Shelf storage greater than 12 feet(3658 mm)but less than 15 feet in height shall be in accordance with the 8104.5 Extrahigh-rack Storage Systems. fire-protection requirements set forth in L1FC Standard 81-1.Shelf storage 15 feet(4572 mm)or more in height shall be protected in 8104.5.1 Required approvals. Approval of the chief shall be an approved manner with special fire protection,such as in-rack obtained prior to installing extrahigh-rack combustible storage. sprinklers. 8104.5.2 Fire protection. Buildings with extrahigh-rack com- 8103.3 Pile Dimension and Height Limitations. Pile dimen- bustible storage shall be protected with a specially engineered au- sions, the maximum permissible storage height and pile volume tomatic sprinkler system. Extrahigh-rack combustible storage shall be in accordance with Table 81-A. shall be provided with additional special fire protection, such as separation from other buildings and additional built-in fire- 8103.4 Array. When a fire sprinkler system design utilizes protection features and fire department access,when required by protection based on a closed array,array clearances shall be pro- the chief. vided and maintained as specified by the standard used. SECTION 8105—AUTOMATED STORAGE SECTION 8104— RACK STORAGE 8105.1 General. Automated storage shall be in accordance with 8104.1 General. Rack storage shall be in accordance with Sec- Section 8105. tions 8102 and 8104.Binboxes exceeding 5 feet(1524 mm)in any 8105.2 Fire Sprinklers. When fire sprinklers are required by dimension shall be regulated as rack storage. Table 81-A,an approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be 8104.2 Fire Protection. installed throughout the building. The design and installation of the automatic fire sprinkler system shall be in accordance with the 8104.2.1 General. When fire sprinklers are required by Table Fire Code(see Section 9003,Standard n.2.9)and nationally rec- 81-A, an approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be ognized standards. installed throughout the building or to one-hour fire-resistive 8105.3 Carousel Storage. High- iled storage areas having walls constructed in accordance with the Building Code. Open- greater than 500 square feet(46.5 in )of carousel storage shall be ings in such walls shall be protected by fire assemblies having provided with automatic shutdown in accordance with one of the one-hour fire-protection ratings.The design and installation of the following: automatic fire sprinkler system and other applicable fire protec- tion shall be in accordance with the Fire Code(see Section 9003, 1.An automatic smoke-detection system with coverage extend- Standard n.2.9)and LTFC Standard 81-2. ing 15 feet(4575 mm)in all directions beyond unenclosed carou- sel storage systems which sounds a local alarm at the operator's 8104.2.2 Plastic pallets and shelves. Storage on plastic pallets station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation or plastic shelves shall be protected by approved specially engine- of a single detector, ered fire-protection systems. 2. An automatic smoke-detection system within enclosed car- 8104.2.3 Racks with solid shelving. ousel storage systems which sounds a local alarm at the operator's station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation 8104.2.3.1 General. Racks with solid shelving having an area of a single detector,or greater than 32 square feet(2.97 m2),measured between approved 3. A single dead-man type control switch that allows the opera- flue spaces at all four edges of the shelf, shall be in accordance tion of the carousel storage system only when the operator is pres- with Section 8104.2.3. ent.The switch shall be in the same room as the carousel storage EXCEPTIONS: 1. Racks with mesh, grated, slatted or similar system and located to provide for observation of the carousel sys- shelves having uniform openings not more than 6 inches(152.4 mm) tem. apart,comprising at least 50 percent of overall shelf area,and with ap- proved flue spaces, are allowed to be treated as racks without solid shelves. 2.Racks used for the storage of combustible paper records,with sol- SECTION 8106—SPECIALTY STORAGE id shelving,shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 81-4. 8106.1 General. Records storage facilities used for the rack or 8104.2.3.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for racks with solid shelf storage of combustible paper records greater than 12 feet shelving shall be in accordance with the requirements for racks (3658 mm) in height shall be in accordance with Sections 8102 with solid shelving set forth in UFC Standard 81-2 or other nation- and 8104 and UFC Standard 81-4. Palletized storage of records ally recognized standards. See Article 90, Standard f.1.1. shall be in accordance with Section 8103.1. 1-246 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 81-A TABLE 81-B TABLE 81-A—GENERAL FIRE-PROTECTION AND LIFE-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS SOLID-PILED STORAGE,SHELF STOR- AGE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ALL STORAGE AREAS(See Sections 8102,8103 and 8104)r (See Section 8103.3) SIZE OF HIGH-PILED Maximum STORAGE AREA'(square Automatic Maximum Permissible Maximum feet)(See Sections 81022 Fire-extin. Firedetec- Building Ac- Smoke and Curtain Small Hose Pile Dimen- Storage Pile Volume COM- and 8102A) guishing Sys- tion System cess(.See Heal Remov- Boards(See Valves and sion3(feet) Heighr'(feet) (cubic feet) MODITY tem(See Sec- (See Section Section al(See Sec- Section Stations(See CLASS x 0.0929 for m2 tion 8102A) 8102.5) 8102.6) tion 8102.7) 8102.8) Section 8102.9) x 3048 for mm x 0.0283 for m3 I-IV 0-500 NRl NR NR5 NR NR6 NR NR NR NR 501-2,500 NR' Yes NR5 NR NR6 NR 100 40 100,000 2,501-12,000 Yes NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 100 40 400,000 Public accessible 2,501-12,000 Yes NR NR5 NR NR NR 100 40 400,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 1) 2,501-12,000 NRI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 100 307 200,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 2) 12,001-20,000 Yes NR Yes Yes NR6 Yes 100 40 400,000 20,001-500,000 Yes NR Yes Yes NR6 Yes 100 40 400,000 Greater than Yes NR Yes Yes NR6 Yes 100 40 400,000 500,0008 High 0-500 NRl NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 50 NR NR hazard 501-2,500 Yes NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 50 30 75,000 Public accessible 501-2,500 Yes NR NR5 NR NR6 NR 50 30 75,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 1) 501-2,500 NRI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 50 20 50,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 2) 2,501-300,000 Yes NR Yes Yes NR6 Yes 50 30 75,000 300,001-500,0008,9 Yes NR Yes Yes NR6 Yes 50 30 75,000 NR = Not required. I When fire sprinklers are required for reasons other than Article 81,the portion of the sprinkler system protecting the high-piled storage area shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 8103 and 8104. 2For aisles,see Section 8102.10. 3Piles shall be separated by aisles complying with Section 8102.10. 4For storage in excess of the height indicated,special fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Footnote 8 when required by the chief.See also Articles 79 and 88 for special limitations for flammable and combustible liquids and aerosols. 5Section 902.2 shall apply for fire apparatus access. 6Curtain boards shall be installed as required by the Building Code.See UBC Section 906. 7For storage exceeding 30 feet(914 mm)in height,Option 1 shall be used. 8Special fire-protection provisions such as,but not limited to,fire protection of exposed steel columns;increased sprinkler density;additional in-rack sprinklers, without associated reductions in ceiling sprinkler density;or additional fire department hose connections shall be provided when required by the chief. 9High-piled storage areas shall not exceed 500,000 square feet(46 451.5 m2).A two-hour area separation wall shall be used to divide high-piled storage exceeding 500,000 square feet(46 451.5 m2)in area. TABLE 81-B—REQUIREMENTS FOR CURTAIN BOARDS AND SMOKE VENTING1 (See Sections 8102.7.4 and 8102.8.3) MAXIMUM AREA MAXIMUM SPA( MAXIMUM DISTANCE DESIGNATED FORMED BY CURTAIN ING OF VENT TO VENTS FROM STORAGE HEIGHT CURTAIN BOARD BOARDS2 CENTERS WALL OR CURTAIN (feet) DEPTH(feet) (square feet) VENT AREA TO (feet) BOARDS3(feet) COMMODITY CLASSIF7- FLOOR AREA RA- CATION x 3048 for mm x 0.0929 for m2 TIO x 3048 for mm I-IV 20 or less 6 10,000 1:100 100 60 (Option 1) over 20-40 6 8,000 1:75 100 55 I-IV 20 or less 4 3,000 1:75 100 55 (Option 2) over 20-40 4 3,000 1:50 100 50 High hazard 20 or less 6 6,000 1:50 100 50 (Option 1) over 20-30 6 6,000 1:40 90 45 High hazard 20 or less 4 4,000 1:50 100 50 (Option 2) over 20-30 4 2,000 1:30 75 40 For rack storage heights in excess of those indicated,see Section 8104.5.For solid-piled storage heights in excess of those indicated,an approved engineered design shall be used. 2When areas of buildings are equipped with early suppression-fast response(ESFR)sprinklers,the curtain boards within these areas shall be located only at the separation between ESFR and conventional sprinkler systems. 3The distance specified is the maximum distance from any vent in a particular curtained area to walls or curtain boards which form the perimeter of the curtained area. 1-247 TABLE 8104.3-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8104.3-A—REQUIRED FLUE SPACES FOR RACK STORAGE1 SPRINKLER AT THE CEILING WITH OR IN-RACK WITHOUT MINIMUM IN-RACK SPRINKLERS AT NON- SPRINKLERS EVERY TIER SPRINKLERED FIRE SPRINKLER PROTECTION s 25 feet(7620 mm) >25 RACK CONFIGURATION Storage Height Option 1 Option 2 (7620 mm) Any Height Any Height Single-Row Rack Transverse Flue Space Size2(x 25.4 for mm) 3 inch NA 3 inch NR NR Vertically Aligned NR NA Yes NA NR Longitudinal Flue Space NR NA NR NR NR Double-Row Rack Transverse Flue Space Size2(x 25.4 for tttm) 6 inch3 3 inch 3 inch NR NR Vertically Aligned NR3 NR Yes NA NR Longitudinal Flue Space NR3 6 inch 6 inch NR NR Multi-Row Rack Transverse Flue Space Size2(x 25.4 for mm) 6 inch NA 6 inch NR NR Vertically Aligned NR NA Yes NA NR Longitudinal Flue Space NR NA NR NR NR I NR means"not required."NA means"not applicable." 2Random variations are allowed,provided that the configuration does not obstruct water penetration. 3This option is not allowed with ESFR sprinkler protection. 1-248 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8201 ARTICLE 82- LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES SECTION 8201 —SCOPE 8203.2.1.5 Educational and institutional uses. In occupancies used for educational and institutional purposes,portable LP-gas Storage, handling and transportation of LP-gas and the installa- containers are allowed to be used for research and experimenta- tion of equipment pertinent to systems for such uses shall be in ac- tion. Such containers shall not be used in classrooms. Such con- cordance with Article 82.For determining properties of LP-gases, tainers shall not exceed a 50-pound (22.7 kg) water capacity in see UFC Standard 82-1,Appendix B. occupancies used for educational purposes and shall not exceed a 12-pound(5.4 kg)water capacity in occupancies used for institu- SECTION 8202—PERMITS, PLANS AND RECORDS tional purposes.When more than one such container is present in the same room,each container shall be separated from other con- 8202.1 Permits and Plans. For a permit to store,use,handle or tainers by a distance of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm). dispense LP-gas,or to install or maintain an LP-gas container see 8203.2.1.6 Demonstration uses. Portable LP-gas containers Section 105,Permit 1.1. are allowed to be used temporarily for demonstrations and public EXCEPTION•A permit is not required to install or maintain porn- exhibitions. Such containers shall not exceed a 12-pound(5.4 kg) ble containers of less than 125-gallon(473.2 L)aggregate water capac- water capacity.When more than one such container is present in ity. the same room,each container shall be separated from other con- Distributors shall not fill an LP-gas container for which a permit tainers by a distance of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm). is required unless a permit for installation has been issued for that 8203.2.1.7 Use with self-contained torch assemblies. Portable location by the chief. LP-gas containers are allowed to be used to supply approved self- Where a single container is over 2,000-gallon (7571 L)water contained torch assemblies or similar appliances.Such containers capacity or the aggregate capacity of containers is over 4,000-gal- shall not exceed a 21/2-pound(1.13 kg)water capacity. Ion(15 142 L)water capacity,the installer shall submit plans for 8203.2.1.8 Use for food preparation. When approved, listed such installation. LP-gas commercial food service appliances are allowed to be used 8202.2 Records. Installers shall maintain a record of installa- for food preparation within restaurants and in attended commer- tions for which a permit is not required by Section 105 and have cial food catering operations. See UFC Standard 82-1, Sections such record available for inspection by the chief. 3-4.8.4 and 5-3.1.1,Exception 1. EXCEPTION: Installation of gas-burning appliances and re- 8203.2.2 Industrial vehicles and floor maintenance ma- placement of portable cylinders. chines. Containers on industrial vehicles and floor mainte- nance machines shall be in accordance with UFC Standard 82-1, SECTION 8203—INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT Section 3-6. 8203.3 Location of Equipment and Piping. Equipment and 8203.1 General. Liquefied petroleum gas equipment shall be piping shall not be installed in locations where such equipment installed in accordance with UFC Standard 82-1,except as other- and piping is prohibited by the Mechanical Code. wise provided in Article 82 and in other laws or regulations. 8203.2 Use of LP-gas Containers in Buildings. SECTION 8204—LOCATION OF CONTAINERS 8203.2.1 Portable containers. 8204.1 General. The storage and transportation of LP-gas and the installation and maintenance of pertinent equipment shall be in 8203.2.1.1 General. Portable LP-gas containers, as defined in accordance with UFC Standard 82-1 and subject to the approval of UFC Standard 82-1,shall not be used in buildings except as speci- the chief,except as provided in Article 82. fied in UFC Standard 82-1 and Section 8203.2.1. 8204.2 Maximum Capacity within Established Limits. With- 8203.2.1.2 Use in basement, pit or similar location. LP-gas in the limits established by law restricting the storage of LP-gas containers shall not be used in a basement,pit or similar location for the protection of heavily populated or congested commercial where heavier-than-air gas might collect.LP-gas containers shall areas,the aggregate capacity of any one installation shall not ex- not be used in an above-grade underfloor space or basement unless ceed a 2,000-gallon(7571 L)water capacity(see sample adoption such location is provided with an approved means of ventilation. ordinance, Section 5). EXCEPTION:Use with self-contained torch assemblies in accor- 8204.3 Container Location. Containers shall be located with dance with Section 8203.2.1.7. respect to buildings,public ways,and lines of adjoining property 8203.2.1.3 Construction and temporary heating. Portable which can be built on in accordance with Table 8204-A. containers are allowed to be used in buildings or areas of buildings Containers shall also be located with respect to special hazards undergoing construction or for temporary heating as set forth in such as aboveground flammable or combustible liquid tanks,oxy- UFC Standard 82-1, Sections 3-4.3, 3-4.4, 3-4.5 and 3-4.7. gen or gaseous hydrogen containers, flooding or electric power 8203.2.1.4 Industrial uses. In occupancies used for industrial lines as specified in UFC Standard 82-1,Section 3-2.2.6. purposes, portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used to 8204.4 Multiple Container Installation. Multiple container supply quantities necessary for processing, research or exper- installations with a total water storage capacity of more than imentation. When manifolded, the aggregate water capacity of 180,000 gallons(681 374 L)[150,000-gallon(567 811 L)LP-gas such containers shall not exceed 735 pounds(333.4 kg)per man- capacity] shall be subdivided into groups containing not more ifold.When multiple manifolds of such containers are present in than 180,000 gallons(681 374 L)in each group.Such groups shall the same room,each manifold shall be separated from other man- be separated by a distance of not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm), ifolds by a distance of not less than 20 feet(6096 mm). unless the containers are: 1-249 8204.4 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8212.9 1. Mounded in an approved manner, SECTION 8211 -FIRE PROTECTION 2. Protected with approved insulation on areas that are subject 8211.1 General. Fire protection shall be provided for installa- to impingement of ignited gas from pipelines or other leakage, tions having storage containers of more than a 4,000-gallon 3. Protected by firewalls of approved construction, (15 141 L)water capacity,as required by UFC Standard 82-1,Sec- tion 3-10. 4. Protected by an approved system for application of water as specified in UFC Standard 82-1,Table 3-2.2.4,or 8211.2 Fire Extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall be provided as specified in UFC Standard 82-1,and in accordance with UFC 5. Protected by other approved means. Standard 10-1. Where one of these forms of protection is provided,the separation shall not be less than 25 feet(7620 mm)between container groups. SECTION 8212-STORAGE OF PORTABLE CONTAINERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE SECTION 8205-PROHIBITED USE OF LP-GAS 8212.1 General. Storage of portable containers of 1,000 pounds (453.6 kg)or less,whether filled,partially filled or empty,at con- 8205.1 Nonapproved Equipment. Liquefied petroleum gas sumer sites or distributing points,and for resale by dealers or re- shall not be used for the purpose of operating devices or equip- sellers shall be in accordance with Section 8212. ment unless such device or equipment is approved for use with EXCEPTIONS: 1. Containers which have not previously been in LP-gas. LP-gas service. 8205.2 Release to the Atmosphere. Liquefied petroleum gas 2. Containers at distributing plants. shall not be released to the atmosphere, except through an ap- 3. Containers at consumer sites or distributing points, which are proved liquid-level gauge or other approved device. connected for use. 8212.2 Exposure hazards. Containers in storage shall be lo- cated in a manner which minimizes exposure to excessive temper- SECTION 8206-DISPENSING AND OVERFILLING ature rise,physical damage or tampering. 8206.1 Attendants. Dispensing of LP-gases shall be performed 8212.3 Position. Containers in storage having individual water by a qualified attendant. capacity greater than 21/2 pounds(1.3 kg)[nominal 1-pound(0.45 kg)LP-gas capacity] shall be positioned with the pressure-relief 8206.2 Overfilling. Liquefied petroleum gas containers shall valve in direct communication with the vapor space of the con- not be filled or maintained with LP-gas in excess of the fixed out- tainer. age gauge installed by the manufacturer or the weight stamped on the tank. 8212.4 Separation from means of egress. Containers stored in buildings in accordance with Sections 8212.9 and 8212.11 shall 8206.3 Dispensing Locations. The point of transfer of LP-gas not be located near exit-access doors,exits,stairways,or in areas from one container to another shall be separated from exposures as normally used, or intended to be used, for the safe egress of specified in UFC Standard 82-1, Section 4-3. people. 8212.5 Quantity. Empty containers which have been in LP-gas SECTION 8207-SAFETY DEVICES service shall be considered as full containers for the purpose of de- termining the maximum quantities of LP-gas allowed in Sections Safety devices on LP-gas containers,equipment and systems shall 8212.9 and 8212.11. not be tampered with or made ineffective. 8212.E Storage on roofs. Containers which are not connected for use shall not be stored on roofs. SECTION 8208-SMOKING AND OTHER SOURCES 8212.7 Storage in basement,pit or similar location. Liquefied OF IGNITION petroleum gas containers shall not be stored in a basement,pit or NO SMOKING signs shall be posted when required by the chief. similar location where heavier-than-air gas might collect.Lique- Smoking within 15 feet (4572 mm) of a point of transfer, while fied petroleum gas containers shall not be stored in above-grade filling operations are in progress at containers or vehicles,shall be underfloor spaces or basements unless such location is provided prohibited. with an approved means of ventilation. For control of other sources of ignition,refer to UFC Standard EXCEPTION:Department of Transportation(DOT)specification cylinders with a maximum water capacity of 21/2 pounds(1.13 kg)for 82-1, Section 3-8. use in completely self-contained hand torches and similar applications. The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 20 pounds(9.07 kg). SECTION 8209-CLEARANCE TO COMBUSTIBLES 8212.8 Protection of Valves on Containers in Storage. Con- tainer valves shall be protected by screw-on-type caps or collars Weeds,grass,brush,trash and other combustible materials shall which shall be securely in place on all containers stored regardless be kept not less than 10 feet(3048 mm)from LP-gas tanks or con- of whether they are full,partially full or empty. Container outlet tainers. valves shall be closed or plugged. 8212.9 Storage within Buildings Accessible to the Public. De- SECTION 8210-PROTECTING CONTAINERS FROM partment of Transportation (DOT) specification cylinders with VEHICLES maximum water capacity of 21/2 pounds(1.13 kg)used in com- pletely self-contained hand torches and similar applications are When exposed to probable vehicular damage due to proximity to allowed to be stored or displayed in a building accessible to the alleys,driveways or parking areas,LP-gas containers,regulators public.The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 200 pounds(90.7 and piping shall be suitably protected. kg) except as provided in Section 8212.11. 1-250 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8212.10 8214.3 8212.10 Storage within Buildings not Accessible to the Public. renovation or repairs,the storage of containers shall be as required 8212.10.1 Maximum quantity. The maximum quantity al- by the chief. lowed in one storage location in buildings not accessible to the public, such as industrial buildings, shall not exceed 735-pound SECTION 8213—CONTAINERS NOT IN SERVICE (333.4 kg)water capacity [nominal 300 pounds(136 kg)of LP- 8213.1 Temporarily Out of Service. Containers whose normal gas].If additional storage locations are required on the same floor use has been temporarily discontinued shall: within the same building,they shall be separated by a minimum of 300 feet(91.4 m). Storage beyond these limitations shall be in ac- 1. Be disconnected from appliance piping, cordance with Section 8212.11. 2. Have container outlets, except relief valves, closed or 8212.10.2 Quantities on equipment and vehicles. Containers plugged,and carried as part of service equipment on highway mobile vehicles 3. Be positioned with the relief valve in direct communication need not be considered in the total storage capacity in Section with container vapor space. 8212.10.1, provided such vehicles are stored in private garages and do not carry more than three LP-gas containers with a total ag- gregate LP-gas capacity not exceeding 100 pounds(45.4 kg)per permanently out of service shall be removed from the site. vehicle. Container valves shall be closed. 8212.11 Storage within Rooms Used for Gas Manufacturing. SECTION 8214—PARKING AND GARAGING 8212.11.1 General. Storage within buildings or rooms used for 8214.1 General. Parking of LP-gas tank vehicles shall be in ac- gas manufacturing,gas storage,gas-air mixing and vaporization, cordance with Section 8214. and compressors not associated with liquid transfer shall be in ac- EXCEPTION:In cases of accident,breakdown or other emergen- cordance with Section 8212.11. cies,tank vehicles are allowed to be parked and left unattended at any location while the operator is obtaining assistance. 8212.11.2 Quantity limits. The maximum quantity of LP-gas 8214.2 Unattended Parking. shall be 10,000 pounds(4536 kg). 8214.2.1 Near residential,educational and institutional occu- 8212.11.3 Construction. The construction of such buildings pancies and other high risk areas. Liquefied petroleum gas and rooms shall comply with requirements for Group H Occupan- tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any time on residential cies in the Building Code;UFC Standard 82-1,Chapter 7;and the streets or within 500 feet(152.4 mm)of a residential area,apart- following: ment or hotel complex,educational facility,hospital,or care facil- 1. Adequate vents shall be provided to the outside at both top ity.Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any other place and bottom,located at least 5 feet(1524 mm)from building open- that would,in the opinion of the chief,present an extreme life haz- ings,and ard. 2. The entire area shall be classified for the purposes of igni- 8214.2.2 Durations exceeding one hour. Liquefied petroleum tion source control in accordance with UFC Standard 82-1,Sec- gas tank vehicles parked at any one point for longer than one hour tion 3-8. shall be located as follows: 8212.12 Location of Storage outside of Buildings. Storage 1.Off of streets,highways,avenues or alleys,and outside of buildings,for containers awaiting use or resale,shall be 2.Inside of a bulk plant,or located in accordance with Table 8212-A. 3.At other approved locations not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm) 8212.13 Protection of Containers. Containers shall be stored from buildings other than those approved for the storage or servic- within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protected against tamper- ing of such vehicles. ing. 8214.3 Garaging. Garaging of tank vehicles used for the trans- 8212.14 Alternate Location and Protection of Storage. When portation of LP-gases shall be as specified in UFC Standard 82-1. the provisions of Sections 8212.12 and 8212.13 are impractical at Vehicles with LP-gas fuel systems are allowed to be stored or ser- construction sites,or at buildings or structures undergoing major viced in garages as specified in UFC Standard 82-1,Section 3-6.6. 1-251 TABLE 8204-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8212-A TABLE 8204-A—LOCATION OF CONTAINERS MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN CONTAINERS AND BUILDINGS,PUBLIC WAYS,OR LINES OF ADJOINING PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON MINIMUM SEPARATION CONTAINER CAPACITY Mounded or Underground Aboveground BETWEEN CONTAINERS2,3 (water gallons) Containers'(feet) Containera2(feet) (feet) x 3.785 for L x 304.8 for mm Less than 1253.4 10 55 None 125 to 250 10 10 None 251 to 500 10 10 3 501 to 2,000 10 255.6 3 2,001 to 30,000 50 50 5 30,001 to 70,000 50 75 (I/4 of sum of 70,001 to 90,000 50 100 diameters of 90,001 to 120.000 50 125 adjacent containers) (Minimum distance for underground containers shall be measured from the pressure-relief device and the filling or liquid- level gauge vent connection at the container,except that all parts of an underground container shall be 10 feet(3048 mm)or more from a building or line of adjoining property which can be built upon. 21n applying the distance between buildings and ASME containers of a 125-gallon(473.2 L)or more water capacity,a mini- mum of 50 percent of this horizontal distance shall also apply to all portions of the building which project more than 5 feet (1524 mm)from the building wall and which are higher than the relief valve discharge outlet.This horizontal distance shall be measured from a point determined by projecting the outside edge of such overhanging structure vertically downward to grade or other level upon which the container is installed.Distances to the building wall shall not be less than those pre- scribed in Table 8204-A. EXCEPTION: Installations in which the overhanging structure is 50 feet(15 240 mm)or more above the relief- valve discharge outlet. 3When underground multicontainer installations are comprised of individual containers having a water capacity of 125 gal- lons(473.2 L)or more,such containers shall be installed so as to provide access at their ends or sides to facilitate working with cranes or hoists. 4At a consumer site,if the aggregate water capacity of a multicontainer installation,comprised of individual containers hav- ing a water capacity of less than 125 gallons(473.2 L),is 500 gallons(1892.7 L)or more,the minimum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of Table 8204-A,applying the aggregate capacity rather than the capacity per contain- er.If more than one such installation is made,each installation shall be separated from other installations by at least 25 feet (7620 mm).Minimum distances between containers need not be applied. 5The following shall apply to aboveground containers installed alongside buildings: 1. Containers of less than 125-gallon(473.2 L)water capacity are allowed next to the building they serve and lines of adjoining property when in compliance with Items 2,3 and 4. 2. Department of Transportation specification containers shall be located and installed so that the discharge from the con- tainer pressure-relief device is at least 3 feet(914 mm)horizontally from building openings below the level of such discharge and shall not be beneath buildings unless the space is well ventilated to the outside and is not enclosed for more than 50 percent of its perimeter.The discharge from container pressure-relief devices shall be located not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)from exterior sources of ignition,openings into direct-vent(sealed combustion system)appliances or mechanical ventilation air intakes. 3. ASME containers of less than a 125-gallon(473.2 L)water capacity shall be located and installed such that the dis- charge from pressure-relief devices shall not terminate in or beneath buildings and shall be located at least 5 feet(1524 mm)horizontally from building openings below the level of such discharge and not less than 5 feet(1524 mm)from exterior sources of ignition,openings into direct-vent(sealed combustion system)appliances,or mechanical ventila- tion air intakes. 4. The filling connection and the vent from liquid level gauges on either DOT or ASME containers filled at the point of installation shall not be less than 10 feet(3048 mm)from exterior sources of ignition,openings into direct-vent(sealed combustion system)appliances,or mechanical ventilation air intakes. 6This distance is allowed to be reduced to not less than 10 feet(3048 mm)for a single container of 1,200-gallon(4542 L)water capacity or less,provided such container is at least 25 feet(7620 mm)from other LP-gas containers of more than 125-gal- Ion(473.2 L)water capacity. TABLE 8212-A—LOCATION OF CONTAINERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE STORED OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS DISTANCES TO A BUILDING OR GROUP OF BUILDINGS,PUBLIC QUANTITY OF LP-GAS STORED WAY,OR LINE OF PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON(feet) x 0.45 for kg x 304.8 for mm 500 lb.or less 0 501 to 2,500 lb. 101 2,501 to 6,000 lb. 15 6,001 to 10,000lb. 20 Over 10,000 lb. 25 (Containers may be located a lesser distance to buildings when approved. 1-252 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 83 (NOT USED) 1-253 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8401 ARTICLE 84-MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION SECTION 8401 —SCOPE SECTION 8403—SMOKING The use of ribbon-type cellulose acetate and other safety film in Smoking and other sources of ignition shall be prohibited within conjunction with electric arc,xenon or other light source projec- projection rooms in which cellulose nitrate film is allowed.Con- tion equipment which develops hazardous gases,dust or radiation spicuous NO SMOKING signs shall be posted in the room. and the projection of ribbon-type cellulose nitrate film,regardless of the light source used in projection,shall be in accordance with SECTION 8404—PROJECTION EQUIPMENT Article 84. Projection equipment or film which is in a hazardous condition SECTION 8402—PROJECTION ROOMS shall not be used. 8402.1 General. Motion picture projection machines shall be SECTION 8405—FILM STORAGE AND USE operated within a motion picture projection room complying with the Building Code. 8405.1 Cellulose Nitrate. Cellulose nitrate film shall not be used or stored unless within an enclosed film magazine, an ap- 8402.2 Safety Film. Projection rooms which are limited to the proved storage cabinet or a transportation container.Rewinding of projection of safety film shall be posted on the outside of each pro- cellulose nitrate film shall be performed within an enclosed film jection room door and within the projection room with a conspicu- rewind machine.Examination of film on an open hand rewind ma- ous sign having 1-inch(25.4 mm)block letters stating SAFETY chine shall not involve more than one reel outside of an approved FILM ONLY IS PERMITTED IN THIS ROOM. container at any time. 8402.3 Fire Extinguishers. Two approved fire extinguishers 8405.2 Safety Film. Safety film,which is not mounted for pro- with a minimum 10-B:C rating shall be installed and maintained jection,shall be stored in approved transportation containers or an ready for use in projection rooms. approved film cabinet. 1-255 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8501 ARTICLE 85- ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND WIRING SECTION 8501 —SCOPE 8506.2.3 Power supply. Extension cords shall be plugged di- rectly into an approved receptacle,power tap or multiplug adapter Permanent and temporary use of electrical appliances, fixtures, and shall, except for approved multiplug extension cords, serve motors and wiring shall be in accordance with Article 85. only one portable appliance. EXCEPTION: Low-voltage wiring,such as communications and signal wiring. 8506.2.4 Ampacity. The ampacity of the extension cords shall Article 85 shall be enforced in cooperation with the authority not be less than the rated capacity of the portable appliance sup- having jurisdiction for the enforcement of the Electrical Code. plied by the cord. 8506.2.5 Maintenance. The extension cords shall be main- SECTION 8502—DEFINITIONS tained in good condition without splices,deterioration or damage. For definitions of APPLIANCE, PORTABLE; APPLIANCE, 8506.2.6 Grounding. Extension cords shall be grounded when STATIONARY; EXTENSION CORD; FLEXIBLE CORD; servicing grounded portable appliances. MULTIPLUG ADAPTER; PANEL BOARD, ELECTRICAL; PERMANENT WIRING; POWER TAP; RECEPTACLE; 8506.3 Installation. Extension cords and flexible cords shall SWITCHBOARD, ELECTRICAL; and TEMPORARY WIR- not be affixed to structures;extend through walls,ceilings,floors, ING,see Article 2. under doors or floor coverings;or be subject to environmental or physical damage. SECTION 8503—USE OF TEMPORARY WIRING 8503.1 During Construction. Temporary wiring for electrical SECTION 8507—MULTIPLUG ADAPTERS power and lighting installations is allowed during periods of Multiplug adapters, such as multiplug extension cords, cube construction,remodeling,repair or demolition of buildings,struc- adapters, strip plugs and other devices,that do not comply with tures,equipment or similar activities. this code or the Electrical Code shall not be used. 8503.2 During Special Events and Holidays. Temporary wir- ing for electrical power and lighting installations is allowed for a SECTION 8508—POWER TAPS period not to exceed 90 days for Christmas decorative lighting, carnivals and similar purposes,and for experimental or develop- 8508.1 General. The use of power taps shall be in accordance mental work. with Section 8508. 8503.3 Attachment to Structures. When temporary wiring is 8508.2 Design. Power taps shall be of the polarized or grounded attached to a structure,it shall be attached in an approved manner. type,having overcutrent protection,and shall be listed. SECTION 8504—ABATEMENT OF ELECTRICAL 8508.3 Power Supply. The power taps shall be directly con- HAZARDS nected to a permanently installed receptacle. When electrical hazards are identified, measures to abate such 8508.4 Installation. Power tap cords shall not extend through conditions shall be taken. Identified hazardous electrical condi- walls,ceilings,floors,under doors or floor coverings,or be sub- tions in permanent wiring or temporary wiring shall be corrected ject to environmental or physical damage. in cooperation with the authority enforcing the Electrical Code. Electrical wiring, devices, appliances and other equipment SECTION 8509—ACCESS TO SWITCHBOARDS AND which are modified or damaged and constitute an electrical shock PANELBOARDS or fire hazard shall not be used. 8509.1 General. Work space around switchboards and panel- SECTION 8505—ELECTRICAL MOTORS boards shall be provided and maintained as required by the Elec- trical Code.Such space shall not be used for storage. Electrical motors shall be maintained in a manner free from accu- 8509.2 Access. A clear and unobstructed means of access with a mulations of oil,dirt,waste and other debris which will interfere minimum width of 30 inches(762 mm)and a minimum height of with required motor ventilation or create a fire hazard. 78 inches(1981 mm)shall be maintained from the operating face of the switchboard or panelboard to an aisle or corridor. SECTION 8506—EXTENSION CORDS AND FLEXIBLE EXCEPTIONS:1.Where reduced dimensions are allowed by the CORDS Electrical Code. 8506.1 General. Extension cords shall not be used as a substi- 2• Access openings into attics or under-floor areas which provide a minimum clear opening of 22 inches by 30 inches(559 mm by 762 tute for permanent wiring. mm) 8506.2 Use with Portable Appliances. 8509.3 Labeling. Doors into electrical control panel rooms shall 8506.2.1 General. The use of extension cords shall be in accor- be marked with a plainly visible and legible sign stating ELEC- dance with Section 8506.2. TRICAL ROOM or similar approved wording.The disconnecting means for each service,feeder or branch circuit originating on a 8506.2.2 Applications. Extension cords shall be used only with switchboard or panelboard shall be legibly and durably marked to portable appliances. indicate its purpose unless such purpose is clearly evident. 1-257 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ARTICLE 86— Fire Protection Plan Urban—Wildland Interface (UWI) Areas SECTION 8601 —GENERAL The FPP shall address water supply, access,building ignition A Fire Protection Plan(FPP),Approval by the Fire Chief,shall and fire resistance,fire protection systems and equipment,defen- be required for all new development within declared Urban—Wild- sible space and vegetation management. land Interface(UWI)areas. The FPP shall be consistent with the Interface Code,or,at the The FPP shall include mitigation measures consistent with the option of the Fire Chief, with other nationally recognized stan- unique problems resulting from the location,topography,geolo- dards and good practice. gy,flammable vegetation,and climate of the proposed site. 1-259 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8701 ARTICLE 87- FIRESAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION OR DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING SECTION 8701 -SCOPE On each floor there shall be provided a 21/2-inch (63.5 mm) valve outlet for fire department use.Where construction height re- Buildings undergoing construction,alteration or demolition shall quires installation of a Class III standpipe,fire pumps and water be in accordance with Article 87. main connections shall be provided to serve the standpipe. 8704.4.3.2 Temporary standpipes. Temporary standpipes are SECTION 8702- PERMITS allowed to be provided in place of permanent systems if they are designed to furnish 500 gallons (1893 L) of water per minute at For permits to conduct asbestos-removal operations regulated by 50 pounds per square inch (345 kPa) pressure with a standpipe Section 8707,see Section 105,Permit a.4. size of not less than 4 inches(101.6 nun). All outlets shall not be less than 21/2 inches(63.5 mm).Pumping equipment sufficient to SECTION 8703-APPROVALS provide this pressure and volume shall be available at all times when a Class III standpipe system is required. Approval of the safety precautions required for buildings being 8704.4.3.3 Detailed requirements. Standpipe systems for constructed,altered or demolished may be required by the chief in buildings under construction shall be installed as required for per- addition to other approvals required for specific operations or pro- manent standpipe systems. cesses associated with such construction,alteration or demolition. EXCEPTION: Buildings designated as Group R, Division 3 or 8704.5 Combustible Debris. Combustible debris shall not be Group u do not require approval of safety precautions. accumulated within buildings. Combustible debris, rubbish and waste material shall be removed from buildings as often as practi- cal. Combustible debris, waste material and trash shall not be SECTION 8704- FIRESAFETY DURING burned on the site unless approved. CONSTRUCTION 8704.6 Motor Equipment. Internal-combustion-powered 8704.1 General. Buildings under construction shall be in accor- construction equipment shall be used in accordance with the fol- dance with Section 8704. lowing: 8704.2 Access Roads. Fire department access roads shall be es- 1. Equipment shall be located so that exhausts do not discharge tablished and maintained in accordance with Section 902. against combustible material, EXCEPTION: When approved, temporary access roads of a 2• When possible,exhausts shall be piped to the outside of the width,vertical clearance and surface which provide access for fire de- building, partment apparatus are allowed to be used until permanent roads are 3. Equipment shall not be refueled while in operation,and installed. 8704.3 Water Supply. Water mains and hydrants shall be 4. Fuel for equipment shall be stored in an approved area out- installed and operational in accordance with Section 903. side of the building. EXCEPTION: When approved,a temporary water supply for fire 8704.7 Heating Devices. Temporary heating devices shall be of protection is allowed to be used until permanent fire-protection sys- an approved type,located away from combustible materials,and tems are installed. attended and maintained by competent personnel. 8704.4 Fire Protection. 8704.8 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited,except in those areas approved.When required by the chief,a suitable number and 8704.4.1 General. During the construction of a building and un- type of NO SMOKING signs shall be posted. til the permanent fire-extinguishing system has been installed and is in service,fire protection shall be provided in accordance with 8704.9 Cutting and Welding. Cutting and welding operations Section 8704. shall be in accordance with Article 49. 8704.4.2 Fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall be pro- 8704.10 Flame-producing Equipment. The use of torches or vided for buildings under construction when required by the chief. flame-producing devices for the sweating of pipe joints shall be in The number and type of extinguishers shall be as required by the accordance with Article 49. chief,and the type of extinguisher shall be suitable for the type of 8704.11 Flammable Liquids. The storage,use and handling of fire associated with the hazards present. flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Article 79.Ventila- 8704.43 Standpipes. tion shall be provided for operations utilizing the application of materials containing flammable solvents. 8704.4.3.1 Where required. Every building four stories or 8704.12 Open-flame Devices. Open-flame devices and other more in height shall be provided with not less than one standpipe sources of ignition shall not be located in areas where flammable for use during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed materials are being used. when the progress of construction is not more than 35 feet(10 668 mm)in height above the lowest level of fire department access. 8704.13 Asphalt and Tar Kettles. Asphalt and tar kettles shall Such standpipe shall be provided with fire department hose con- be located and operated in accordance with Section 1105. nections at accessible locations adjacent to usable stairs and the 8704.14 Temporary Electrical Wiring. Temporary electrical standpipe outlets shall be located adjacent to such usable stairs. wiring shall be in accordance with Section 8503. Such standpipe systems shall be extended as construction prog- resses to within one floor of the highest point of construction hav- 8704.15 Building Access. When required by the chief,access to ing secured decking or flooring. buildings for the purpose of firefighting shall be provided. 1-261 8704.15 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8707.4 Construction material shall not block access to buildings, hy- 8706.4 Cutting and Welding. Demolition operations involving drants or fire appliances. cutting and welding shall be in accordance with Article 49. 8704.16 Emergency Telephone. When required by the chief, 8706.5 Burning of Combustible Waste. Combustible waste telephone facilities shall be provided at the construction site for material, trash and rubbish shall not be burned at the demolition the purpose of emergency notification of the fire department.The site,unless approved.Accumulations of such material shall be re- street address of the construction site shall be posted adjacent to moved from the site as often as necessary to minimize the hazards the telephone together with the fire department telephone number. therefrom. 8704.17 Fire-protection Plan. When required by the chief, a 8706.6 Fire Watch. When required by the chief for building de- fire-protection plan shall be established. molition which is hazardous in nature,qualified personnel shall be provided to serve as an on-site fire watch.The sole duty of fire- SECTION 8705—ALTERATIONS OF BUILDINGS watch personnel shall be to watch for the occurrence of fire. 8705.1 General. Alterations of buildings shall be in accordance SECTION 8707—ASBESTOS REMOVAL with the Building Code, applicable provisions of Section 8704, and Section 8705. 8707.1 General. Operations involving removal of asbestos or 8705.2 Fire-protection Systems. When the building is pro- asbestos-containing materials from buildings shall be in accor- tected by fire-protection systems, such systems shall be main- dance with Section 8707. tained operational at all times during alteration. EXCEPTION:Section 8707 does not apply to the removal of as- When alteration requires modification of a portion of a fire bestos from: protection system,the remainder of the system shall be kept in ser- 1. Pumps,valves,gaskets and similar equipment. vice. When it is necessary to shut down the entire system,a fire 2. Pipes, ducts, girders or beams which have a length less than watch shall be kept on site until the system is returned to service. 21 linear feet(6400 mm). 3. Wall or ceiling panels which have an area of less than 10 square 8705.3 Means of Egress. Required means of egress components feet(0.93 mz)or a dimension of less than 10 linear feet(3048 mm). shall be maintained in accordance with Article 12. 4. Floor tiles when the duration of work can be completed in less than four hours. EXCEPTION: Approved temporary means of egress system or 5. Group R,Division 3 Occupancies. facilities. 8705.4 Fire-resistive Assemblies and Construction. Fire-re- 8707.2 Notification. The chief shall be notified 24 hours prior to sistive assemblies and construction shall be maintained in accor- the commencement and closure of asbestos-removal operations. dance with Section 1111. The permit applicant shall notify the building official when as- bestos abatement involves the removal of materials which were SECTION 8706—FIRESAFETY DURING DEMOLITION used as a feature of the building's fire resistance. 8706.1 General. Demolition of buildings shall be in accordance 8707.3 Plastic Film. Plastic film which is installed on building with Section 8706 and,where applicable,Sections 8704 and 8705. elements shall be flame resistant as required for combustible dec- orative material in accordance with Section 1103.3.3. 8706.2 Automatic Sprinkler System. When a building to be demolished contains a sprinkler system,such system shall not be exit an Signs. Approved signs shall be posted at the entrance, rendered inoperative without approval of the chief. exit and exit-access door, decontamination areas and waste-dis- posal areas for asbestos-removal operations.The signs shall state 8706.3 Fire Hose. Suitable fire hose, as required by the chief, that asbestos is being removed from the area,that asbestos is a sus- shall be maintained at the demolition site.Such hose shall be con- pected carcinogen and that proper respiratory protection is re- nected to an approved source of water and shall not impede fire quired.Signs shall have a reflective surface and lettering shall be a department use of hydrants. minimum of 2 inches(51 mm)high. 1-262 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8801 ARTICLE 88-AEROSOL PRODUCTS SECTION 8801 —GENERAL 8802.1.4 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial construction, adequately braced and anchored. For seismic re- 8801.1 Scope. Storage and retail display of aerosol products quirements, see the Building Code. shall be in accordance with Article 88.Aerosols shall be classified as Level 1,2 or 3 in accordance with UFC Standard 88-1. When storage or retail display is on shelves,the height of such storage or retail display to the top of aerosol containers shall not EXCEPTION: Level 1 aerosols in cartons which are clearly exceed 8 feet(2438 mm). marked to identify their classification level are not regulated by Ar- ticle 88. 8802.1.5 Storage in basements. Aerosol products shall not be For additional requirements for high-piled combustible stor- stored in basements and shall not be displayed in unprotected age,see Article 81,and for hazardous materials, see Article 80. basements. See Table 8802.2-A. 8801.2 Definitions. 8802.1.6 Fire-extinguishing systems. When an automatic fire- extinguishing system is required for the storage or retail display of 8801.2.1 General. For definitions of AEROSOL, AEROSOL aerosol products, the design shall be in accordance with Sec- CONTAINERS, AEROSOL WAREHOUSE, BANDING, tion 8803. BASEMENT, BUILDING CODE, ENCAPSULATED, EXIT, 8802.1.7 Storage cabinets. Storage cabinets shall be FIRE DOOR, FLOOR AREA, GENERAL-PURPOSE WARE- constructed in accordance with Section 7902.5.9. HOUSE, PROPELLANT, RACK STORAGE, RETAIL DIS- PLAY AREA,RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCY,SEGREGATED, 8802.1.8 Manual fire alarm system. When a manual fire alarm SHELF STORAGE,SOLID SHELVING and VENT-RELEASE system is required,the system shall be in accordance with Section CONTAINER,see Article 2. 1006.The manual fire alarm system shall be interconnected with the automatic fire sprinkler system such that waterflow from the 8801.2.2 Limited application. For the purpose of Article 88, sprinkler system will activate all automatic door-closing devices certain terms are defined as follows: and the fire alarm system warning devices. CARTON is a cardboard or fiberboard box in which multiple 5802.1.9 Vent-release containers. units of aerosol products are shipped. A carton completely en- closes aerosol products. 8802.1.9.1 General. The display and storage of Levels 2 and 3 WAREHOUSE is a building or portion of a building not acces- aerosols in vent-release containers shall be in accordance with Section 8802.1.9.The display and storage of vent-release contain- and receiving. ato the public which is used for storage,including shipping ers shall be limited to the ground floor of buildings. and 8802.1.9.2 Retail display. Not more than 500 pounds(227 kg) 8801.3 Permits. For permits to handle or store aerosol products, of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols packaged in vent-release containers see Section 105,Permit a.1. shall be displayed in a retail sales occupancy.Display of vent-re- 8801.4 Identification of Aerosol Classification. Material Safe- lease containers shall be limited to shelf storage. ty Data Sheets (MSDS) shall identify the classification level of 8802.1.9.3 Storage. each aerosol product as set forth in UFC Standard 88-1. 8802.1.9.3.1 Storage less than 1,000 pounds (454 kg). When 8801.5 Carton Identification. When cartons containing aero- the storage of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols packaged in vent-release sols are not marked to identify the classification level of the con- containers is greater than 500 pounds (227 kg),but less than or tents and the classification level is not otherwise identifiable,the equal to 1,000 pounds(454 kg),the storage shall be limited to an contents shall be treated as Level 3 aerosol products. aerosol warehouse.Storage within such warehouses shall be with- in an area constructed as a two-hour occupancy separation. Stor- age shall be arranged as a solid-pile or palletized array. SECTION 8802—STORAGE AND RETAIL DISPLAYS EXCEPTION: Exterior aerosol storage in accordance with Sec- 8802.1 General. tion 8802.5. 8802.1.9.3.2 Storage of greater than 1,000 pounds (454 8802.1.1 Applicability. Storage and retail display of Levels 2 kg). When the storage of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols packaged in and 3 aerosol products in excess of 500 pounds(227 kg)net weight vent-release containers is greater than 1,000 pounds(454 kg),the shall be in accordance with Section 8802. exterior aerosol storage provisions of Section 8802.5 shall apply. EXCEPTION:Retail display of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols in vent-re- 8802.1.9.4 Fire protection. lease containers in quantities less than 500 pounds(227 kg)net weight shall be in accordance with Section 8802.1.9. 8802.1.9.4.1 Retail display. Protection of Levels 2 and 3 aero- 8802.1.2 Containers. Containers shall be designed and sols packaged in vent-release containers is not required. constructed in accordance with nationally recognized standards. 8802.1.9.4.2 Storage. Protection of Levels 2 and 3 aerosols See Article 90,Standards a.4.4 and a.4.5. packaged in vent-release containers greater than 500 pounds(227 8802.1.3 Packaging. Aerosol products in storage shall be pack- kg),but less than or equal to 1,000 pounds(454 kg),shall be in a aged in cartons.Banding of aerosol products shall not be used in room protected by an approved automatic deluge sprinkler sys- lieu of cartons or encapsulated storage of aerosol cartons.Fire-re- tem. tardant cartons of aerosol products shall not be considered as an 8802.2 Retail Sales Occupancies. alternative to the fire-protection requirements in Article 88. 8802.2.1 General. Retail display and adjacent storage of aero- For packaging of aerosol products in retail displays, see Sec- sol products in a retail sales occupancy shall be in accordance with tion 8802.2.5. Sections 8802.1 and 8802.2. 1-263 8802.2.2 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8802.5.2 8802.2.2 Maximum quantities in retail display areas. Aerosol 8802.4 Aerosol Warehouses. products in retail display areas shall not exceed quantities needed for display and normal merchandising and shall not exceed the 8802.4.1 General. Storage of aerosol products in excess of the quantities listed in Table 8802.2-A. areas and quantities indicated in Section 8802.3 shall be located within an aerosol warehouse conforming with the Building Code 8802.2.3 Maximum quantities in storage areas. Aerosol prod- requirements for a Group H,Division 3 Occupancy,and Sections ucts in storage areas adjacent to retail display areas shall not ex- 8802.1 and 8802.4. ceed the quantities listed in Table 8802.2-B. 8802.4.2 Automatic fire sprinkler system protection. Aerosol 8802.2.4 Stacking of containers. Aerosol containers shall not warehouses shall be protected throughout by automatic fire sprin- be stacked more than 6 feet(1829 mm)high from the base of the kler systems designed in accordance with Tables 8803.1-A aerosol array to the top of the aerosol array unless the containers through 8803.1-F. are placed on fixed shelving or otherwise secured in an approved manner. 8802.4.3 Maximum quantity. The maximum quantity of aero- sol products within an aerosol warehouse is not limited. 8802.2.5 Combustible cartons. Aerosol products located in re- tail display areas shall be removed from combustible cartons. 8802.4.4 Manual fire alarm system. An approved manual fire EXCEPTIONS: 1.Display using a portion of combustible cartons alarm system shall be provided throughout aerosol warehouses. which consists of only the bottom panel and not more than 2 inches(51 8802.4.5 Other storage. Other flammable, combustible and mm)of the side panel is allowed. noncombustible commodities stored in an aerosol warehouse 2.When the retail display area is protected in accordance with Sec- shall be in accordance with Section 8802.4.5 and other provisions lion 8803.2.2,storage of aerosols in combustible cartons is allowed. of this code.The following commodities shall not be stored in an 8802.2.6 Aisles. Aisles not less than 4 feet(1219 mm)in width aerosol warehouse: shall be maintained on three sides of a solid-pile or palletized retail 1. Class I,Class II and Class III-A liquids in nonmetallic con- display area containing aerosol products. tainers. 8802.3 General-purpose Warehouses and Storage Rooms. 2. Class I,Class II and Class III-A liquids in containers 1 gallon 8802.3.1 General. Storage of aerosol products in Group F,M or (3.79 L)or greater in size. S Occupancy general-purpose warehouses or storage rooms shall 3. Flammable solids. be in accordance with Sections 8802.1 and 8802.3. General-pur- 4. Flammable gases. pose warehouses used for storing aerosols shall be used only for storage or warehousing operations involving mixed commodities. 5. Class 4 physical hazard materials. (See Article 80.) 8802.3.2 Limited quantity aerosol storage. Quantities of aero- 6. Organic peroxides. sol products stored in Group F, M or S Occupancy general-pur- Group A plastics (see Section 8101.4.2.2) stored with aerosol pose warehouses or storage rooms shall not exceed quantities products shall be separated from the aerosol products by aisles not listed in Table 8802.3-A,except as provided in Section 8802.3.3. less than 8 feet(2438 mm)in width. 8802.3.3 Segregated aerosol storage. Solid pile,palletized and Class I,Class II and Class Ill-A liquids in individual metal con- rack storage of aerosol products in excess of the quantities indi- tainers less than 1 gallon(3.79 L)in size shall be separated from cated in Table 8802.3-A stored within a Group F,M or S Occupan- aerosol product storage by a minimum distance of 20 feet(6096 cy general-purpose warehouse or the storage room shall be in mm) or by a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation. See accordance with the following: also Article 79. 1. The building in which the storage is located is provided with 8802.4.6 Access. Fire department access roadways and access automatic fire sprinkler system protection throughout, doors shall be in accordance with Section 8102.6. 2. Storage conditions, storage arrangements and automatic 8802.4.7 Aisles. Aisles shall be provided as required for segre- fire sprinkler system protection shall be in accordance with gated aerosol storage in Table 8802.3-C. Table 8802.3-B, 3. Aisles in aerosol product storage areas shall be provided in 8802.5 Exterior Storage. accordance with Table 8802.3-C, 8802.5.1 General. Exterior storage of aerosol products shall be 4. Aerosol product storage shall be separated from flammable in accordance with Sections 8802.1 and 8802.5.Temporary stor- and combustible liquids in accordance with Article 79 and Table age trailers shall be in accordance with the requirements for exte- 8802.3-D, and rior storage. 5. An approved manual fire alarm system shall be provided 8802.5.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Exterior storage throughout the Group F,M or S Occupancy general-purpose ware- of aerosol products shall be separated from exposures in accor- house or storage room. dance with Table 8802.5-A. 1-264 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8802.2-A TABLE 8802.3-A TABLE 8802.2-A—RETAIL DISPLAY OF LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIES,MAXIMUM QUANTITIES MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR(Pounds)1.2 x 0.454 for kg FLOOR Unprotected3 Protected3,4 Basement Not allowed 500 Ground 2,500 10,000 Upper 500 2,000 t When not packaged,stored and protected in accordance with Section 8803,total quantity shall not exceed 1,000 pounds(454 kg)net weight in any 100-square-foot(9.29 m2)retail display area. 2When packaged,stored and protected in accordance with Section 8803,quantities shall be limited by Table 8802.3-A.Con- tainers of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products can be uncartoned or in display cut cartons when located no more than 6 feet(1829 mm)above the floor and the first tier of in-rack sprinklers is installed above the shelf unit and not more than 6 feet(1829 mm)above the floor. 31'er 25,000-square-foot(2322.5 m2)retail display area. 4Minimum Ordinary Hazard Group 2 wet-pipe automatic fire sprinkler system throughout retail sales occupancy. TABLE 8802.2-B—STORAGE AREAS ADJACENT TO RETAIL DISPLAY OF LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIES,MAXIMUM QUANTITIES MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR(Pounds) x 0.454 for kg Separated FLOOR Unseparatedt.2 Storage Cabinets2 1-hour-rated Occupancy Separation Basement Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Ground 2,500 5,000 See Section 8802.3 Upper 500 1,000 See Section 8802.3 1The total aggregate quantity in storage and on retail displays shall not exceed the limits for retail display. 2In any 50,000-square-foot(46 451 m2)area. TABLE 8802.3-A—LIMITED QUANTITY LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSES AND STORAGE ROOMS,MAXIMUM QUANTITIES MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR(pounds)t x 0.454 for kg Pelletized or Solid Pile Storage Rack Storage AEROSOL LEVEL Unprotected Protected2 Unprotected Protected3 2 2,500 12,000 500 24,000 3 1,000 12,000 500 24,000 Combination 2 and 3 2,500 12,000 500 24,000 tIn any 50,000-square-foot(46 451 m2)area. 2Automatic fire sprinkler system protection and storage arrangement in accordance with Table 8803.1-A or 8803.1-B for aerosol storage area with sprinkler system extended 20 feet(6096 mm)beyond the aerosol storage area. 3Automatic fire sprinkler system protection and storage arrangement in accordance with Tables 8803.1-C through 8803.1-F for aerosol storage area with sprinkler system extended 20 feet(6096 mm)beyond the aerosol storage area. 1-265 TABLE 8802.3-B 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8802.5-A TABLE 8802.3-B—SEGREGATED LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE—GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSES AND STORAGE ROOMS MAXIMUM STORAGE AREA,SPRINKLER SYSTEM AND STORAGE ARRANGEMENT STORAGE SPRINKLER SYSTEM AND CONDITION MAXIMUM AGGREGATE STORAGE AREA STORAGE ARRANGEMENT Chain link fence enclosure 10 percent of building area and not more than basic allowable Footnotes 1,2 and 3 building area 1-hour-rated occupancy separation 10 percent of building area and not more than basic allowable Footnote 1 building area 2-hour-rated occupancy separation 20 percent of building area and not more than double basic allowable Footnote 1 building area Automatic fire sprinkler system protection shall be provided in aerosol product storage areas in accordance with Tables 8803.1-A through 8803.1-F.Automatic fire sprinkler system protection shall be provided in building areas not used for aerosol product storage in accordance with the Building Code and Article 81 as applica- ble. 2The portion of the automatic fire sprinkler system at ceiling level shall be designed for aerosol storage 20 feet(6096 mm)beyond the aerosol storage area. 3Chain link fence enclosures shall be in accordance with the following: 1. The fence shall not be less than 9 gage steel wire woven into a maximum 2-inch(51 mm)diamond mesh, 2. The fence shall be installed from the floor to the underside of the roof or ceiling above, 3. Class IV or V commodity storage shall not be located within 8 feet(2438 mm)from the fence, 4. Access openings in the fence shall be provided with either self-closing or automatic closing devices as set forth in the Building Code,or a labyrinth opening arrangement which will prevent aerosol containers from rocketing through such openings,and 5. Not less than two means of egress shall be provided from the fenced enclosure. TABLE 8802.3-C—SEGREGATED LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE—GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSES AND STORAGE ROOMS AISLE WIDTHS AND DISTANCE TO AISLES STORAGE CONDITION MINIMUM AISLE WIDTH MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO AISLE Solid pile or palletizedt 4 feet(1219 mm)between piles 20 feet(6096 mm) Racks with ESFR sprinklers2 4 feet(1219 mm)between racks and adjacent 20 feet(6096 mm) Level 2 or 3 aerosol product storage Racks without ESFR sprinklers3 8 feet(2438 mm)between racks and adjacent 20 feet(6096 mm) Level 2 or 3 aerosol product storage ISee Tables 8803.1-A and 8803.1-B. 2See Tables 8803.1-C and 8803.1-D. 3See Tables 8803.1-E and 8803.1-F. TABLE 8802.3-D—SEGREGATED LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE—GENERAL-PURPOSE WAREHOUSES AND STORAGE ROOMS SEPARATION FROM FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE TYPE OF SEPARATION FROM LIQUID CONTAINERS AEROSOL PRODUCTS Size Distance(feet) Occupancy x 3.79 for L Type x 304.8 for mm Separation Rating Less than or equal to 1 gallon Metal 20 feet 1 hour Greater than 1 gallon Any approved type 60 feet 2 hour TABLE 8802.5-A—EXTERIOR STORAGE OF LEVELS 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—DISTANCE TO EXPOSURES MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM AEROSOL STORAGE(feet) EXPOSURE x 304.8 for mm Alleys,public ways,streets 20 Buildings 50 Exits to a public way 50 Property lines 20 Other exterior storage 50 t A two-hour fire-resistive wall without penetration and extending not less than 30 inches(762 mm)above and to the sides of the Level 2 or 3 aerosol products storage area is allowed in lieu of the required separation distance. 1-266 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8803—8803.4.4 TABLE 8803.1-A SECTION 8803—AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING 8803.2.4 Small hose connections. Small hose connections, SYSTEMS AND STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS when provided, shall be in accordance with Tables 8803.1-A through 8803.1-F and UFC Standard 81-1 or 81-2 as applicable. 8803.1 General. Design and installation of automatic fire-ex- 8803.3 Draft Curtains. tinguishing systems and the storage arrangements required with such protection for the storage and retail display of aerosol prod- Draft curtains shall be installed in the following locations: ucts shall be in accordance with Section 8803. 1. At the interface between the ESFR sprinklered area and the 8803.2 Automatic Fire-extinguishing Systems. standard sprinklered area, and 2. At the interface between the ordinary temperature-rated 8803.2.1 Retail displays. When an automatic fire-extinguish- sprinklered area and high-temperature-rated sprinklered area. ing system is required for the protected retail display of aerosol Draft curtains required by Section 8803.3 shall be constructed of products,the system shall be a wet-pipe automatic fire sprinkler noncombustible material and shall be extended at least 24 inches system in accordance with the Building Code for not less than an (610 mm)from the ceiling. Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Occupancy. The system shall be pro- vided throughout the retail display area. See Sections 8802.1.6 8803.4 Storage Arrangements. and 8802.2.2. 8803.4.1 General. Storage and retail display of aerosol products 8803.2.2 Storage. When an automatic fire-extinguishing sys- in solid piles,on shelves,in racks or on pallets shall be in accor- tem is required for the storage of aerosol products in Section 8802, dance with the applicable provisions of Sections 8802 and 8803.4. the system shall be a wet-pipe automatic fire sprinkler system in 8803.4.2 Containers not in cartons. Retail display and storage accordance with the applicable provisions of Tables 8803.1-A of aerosol products outside of cartons on shelves shall be in accor- through 8803.1-F.Protection shall be based on the highest level of dance with Section 8802.2. aerosol product present. The system shall be designed and installed in accordance with UFC Standards 8 1-1 and 81-2,and 8803.4.3 Containers in cartons on pallets,in solid piles and the Building Code,as applicable. on shelves. Aerosol products in cartons on pallets,in solid piles or on shelves shall be in accordance with Tables 8803.1-A EXCEPTION: When approved,Level 2 aerosol products in con- and 8803.1-B. tainers with less than 1 ounce(28.3 g)net weight of flammable contents are allowed to be protected as required for Group A plastics(see Sec- 8803A.4 Containers in cartons on racks. Aerosol products in tion 8101.4.2.2)in accordance with L1FC Standards 81-1 and 81-2. cartons on racks shall be in accordance with Tables 8803.1-C 8803.2.3 In-rack sprinkler systems. When racks are used,con- through 8803.1-F. trol valves for in-rack sprinkler systems shall be provided in ac- Solid shelving shall not be installed in racks that are protected cordance with UFC Standard 81-2. by a ceiling sprinkler system utilizing ESFR heads. TABLE 8803.1-A—LEVEL 2 AEROSOL PRODUCTS ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF PALLETIZED,SOLID-PILE AND SHELF STORAGE, Maximum ceiling height(feet) (x 304.8 for nun) 30 30 25 25 Maximum pile height(feet)2 (x 304.8 for mm) 5 15 18 20 Sprinklers Type(x 25.4 for mm) standard orifice sprinkler3 ESFR4 Large drop ESFR4 or large orifice sprinkled 0.64 inch3 Temperature rating High Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Spacing(sq.ft.)(x 0.093 for m2) 100 Max. 80-100 80-100 80-100 Demand 0.30 gpm/sq.ft.over 12 heads 15 heads 12 heads (x 40.75 for gpm/ft2 to Umin.per m2) 2,500 sq.ft. at 50 psi at 50 psi at 50 psi (x 6.89 for psi to kpa) Hose stream demand(gpm)5 (x 3.79 for Umin.) 500 250 500 250 Water-supply duration(hours) 2 1 2 1 1Storage shall be in cartons. 2Shelf storage shall not exceed 8 feet(2438 mm). 3Conventional standard orifice sprinkler,large orifice sprinkler or large drop sprinklers having the faster thermal response characteristics of listed quick-response (QR)sprinklers shall not be used. 4ESFR heads shall not be used for shelf storage. 5For 2,000-square-foot(185.8 m2)or smaller Group H,Division 3 aerosol storage rooms,use 250 gallons per minute(946.3 Umin.). 1-267 TABLE 8803.1-B 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8803.1-D TABLE 8803.1-B—LEVEL 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF PALLETIZED AND SOLID-PILE STORAGE1 Maximum ceiling height(feet) 30 30 25 20 (X 304.8 for mm) Maximum pile height(feet) 5 15 15 10 (X 304.8 for mm) Sprinklers Type(X 25.4 for mm) standard orifice sprinkler2 ESFR ESFR Large drop 0.64 inch2 or large orifice sprinkler2 or extra-large orifice Temperature rating High, Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Spacing(sq.ft.) 100 max. 80-100 80-100 80-100 (X 0.0929 for m2) 0.60 gpm/sq.ft.over 12 heads at 75 psi 12 heads at 50 psi 15 heads at 75 psi Demand 2,500 sq.ft. (X 40.75 for gpm/ft2 to LJmin.per m2) (X 6.895 for psi to kPa) Hose stream demand(gpm)3 500 250 250 500 (X 3.79 for Umin.) Water-supply duration(hours) 2 1 1 2 (Storage shall be in cartons. 2Conventional standard orifice sprinkler,large orifice sprinkler or large drop sprinklers having the faster thermal response characteristics of listed quick-response (QR)sprinklers shall not be used. 3For 2,000-square-foot(185.8 m2)or smaller Group H,Division 3 aerosol storage rooms,use 250 gallons per minute(947.5 Umin.). TABLE 8803.1-C—LEVEL 2 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF RACK STORAGE WITH ESFR SPRINKLERS1 Maximum ceiling height(feet)(x 304.8 for nun) 30 25 Maximum storage height(feet)(x 304.8 for mm) 15 20 Sprinklers Type ESFR ESFR Temperature rating Ordinary Ordinary Spacing(sq.ft.)(x 0.093 for m2) 80-100 80-100 Demand(x 6.89 for kPa) 12 heads at 50 psi 12 heads at 50 psi Hose stream demand(gpm)(x 3.79 for Umin.) 250 250 Water-supply duration(hours) 1 1 Single and double racks only.Storage shall be in cartons.Solid shelves shall not be installed in racks. TABLE 8803.1-D—LEVEL 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF RACK STORAGE WITH ESFR SPRINKLERS1 Maximum ceiling height(feet)(x 304.8 for mm) 30 25 Maximum storage height(feet)(x 304.8 for mm) 15 15 Sprinklers Type ESFR ESFR Temperature rating Ordinary Ordinary Spacing(sq.ft.)(x 0.093 for m2) 80-100 80-100 Demand(x 6.89 for kPa) 12 heads at 75 psi 12 heads at 50 psi Hose stream demand(gpm)(x 3.79 for Umin.) 250 250 Water-supply duration(hours) 1 1 tSingle and double racks only.Storage shall be in cartons.Solid shelves shall not be installed in racks. 1-268 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8803.1-E TABLE 8803.1-F TABLE 8803.1-E—LEVEL 2 AEROSOL PRODUCTS—ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF RACK STORAGE WITH SPRAY SPRINKLERSI,2 Maximum clearance from top of storage to ceiling or barrier sprinklers 15 feet(4572 mm) Ceiling sprinklers Type Large orifice sprinkler or extra-large orifice Temperature rating High-temperature sprinkler Spacing(sq.ft.) 100 max.(9.3 m2) Demand 0.30 gpm/sq.ft.(12.2 Umin.per m2)over 2,500 sq.ft.(233 m2) In-rack sprinklers Type Standard orifice sprinkler Temperature rating Ordinary-temperature sprinkler or less Spacing Sprinklers shall be located at a maximum spacing of 8 feet(2438 mm)on center. One line at each tier except top. Locate in longitudinal flue space for double-row racks. Sprinklers shall be located at least 2 feet(610 mm)from rack uprights. A minimum clearance of 6 inches(153 mm)shall be maintained between the sprinkler deflectors and the top of storage in every tier. Demand 30 psi(208 kPa)minimum discharge pressure. Based on operation of hydraulically most remote: Eight sprinklers if one level only Six sprinklers each for two levels Six sprinklers on top three levels if three or more levels Hose stream demand(gpm) 500(1893 Umin.) Water-supply duration(hours) 12 )Storage shall be in cartons. 2Use design option 1 in Table 8803.1-F for racks with solid shelves. TABLE 8803.1-F—LEVEL 2 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN RACKS WITH SOLID SHELVES AND LEVEL 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS ARRANGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF RACK STORAGE WITH SPRAY SPRINKLERSI CEILING PROTECTION IN-RACK PROTECTION Clearance Discharge Design Maximum Storage to Density Area Spacing Minimum Sprinklers (gpm/ (square (square Demand (feet) square feet) feet) feet) Temp.(°F) Orifice(inch) (psi) x 40.75 for OP- x 304.8 Umin per —32 x%for x 6.89 for TION for mm Z x 0.0929 for m2 �C x 25A for mm kPa Arrangement 1 Less 0.30 2,500 100 High- Large orifice 30 Ordinary-temperature sprinkler,standard orifice than or temperature sprinkler or sprinkler or large orifice sprinkler,spaced on maximum equal to sprinkler extra-large of 8-foot(2438 mm)centers.Longitudinal flue 5 orifice sprinklers shall be provided at each tier except at the top of the rack and located a minimum of 2 feet(610 mm) from rack uprights.A minimum clearance of 6 inches Greater 0.60 1,500 100 High- Large orifice (153 mm)shall be maintained between the sprinkler than 5 to temperature sprinkler or deflectors and the top of storage in every tier.Face and less 2,500 sprinkler extra-large sprinklers shall be provided at every tier and shall be than or orifice located at a maximum spacing of 8 feet(2438 mm).Face equal to sprinklers shall be located a maximum of 18 inches(457 mm)from the face of storage.Provide staggered face sprinklers on the opposite side of the rack. Greater 0.30 2,500 100 High- Large orifice Based on the operation of the hydraulically most remote: than 153 temperature sprinkler or A. eight sprinklers if one level. sprinkler extra-large B. six sprinklers each tier if two levels. orifice C. six sprinklers on top three levels if greater than or equal to three levels. 2 Less 0.60 2,500 100 High- Large orifice 30 Ordinary-temperature sprinkler,standard orifice than or temperature sprinkler or sprinkler or large orifice sprinkler,spaced on a equal to sprinkler extra-large maximum of 8-foot(2438 mm)centers.Longitudinal 15 orifice flue sprinklers shall be provided at each level except at the top of the rack and located a minimum of 2 feet(610 mm)from rack uprights.A minimum clearance of 6 inches(153 mm)shall be maintained between the sprinkler deflectors and the top of storage in every tier. When clearance exceeds 15 feet(4572 mm),install face Greater 0.60 2,500 100 High- Large orifice sprinklers staggered vertically and horizontally on the than 15 temperature sprinkler or face of each tier and on the opposite side of the rack. sprinkler extra-large Based on the operation of the hydraulically most orifice remote: A. eight sprinklers if one level. B. six sprinklers each tier if two levels. C. six sprinklers on top three levels if greater than or equal to three levels. When solid shelves are not present,design options 1 and 2 are both acceptable.When solid shelves are present,design option 1 shall be used.For both options,a minimum water-supply duration of two hours and a combined interior and exterior hose stream demand of 500 gallons per minute(1893 Umin.)are required. Storage shall be in cartons. 2The design area shall be interpolated for the noted clearances. 1-269 TABLE 8803.1-F 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE 8803.1-F 3Provide a noncombustible barrier above the top tier of storage with face sprinklers below. 1-270 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 9001 PART VIII STANDARDS ARTICLE 90-STANDARDS SECTION 9001 —GENERAL 10-6 NFPA— 14—Standpipe and hose systems 9001.1 UFC Standards. The Uniform Fire Code standards re- ARTICLE 24 ferred to in various parts of this code,which are also listed in Sec- 24-1;2401.4 and NO TAG tion 9002 and published in Volume 2 of this code, are hereby Aircraft Fueling declared to be part of this code and are referred to in this code as a "UFC standard."When this code refers to a standard in the appen- ARTICLE 52 dix of Volume 2,the standard shall not apply unless specifically 52-1;5201.1,5204.2 and 5204.10.2.3.5 adopted. Compressed Natural Gas(CNG)Vehicular Fuel Systems � A (For SFMJ UFC Standard 10-2 does not apply to any occupancy L C in the State of California. For the appropriate fire alarm Stan- ARTICLE 62 � c dards for all occupancies in California,see NFPA 72 as amended 62-1;6201 and 6205.1 � c in Article 91 and Article 760 of the California Electrical Code. Ovens and Furnaces L A- �A- The California State Fire Marshal does not adopt UFC Standard ARTICLE 74 �A 1�1' 74-1;7404.2.3 � c Whenever this code refers to a UFC Standard, it shall be Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems � C construed to mean the appropriate SFM adopted standard as L A listed in Article 91. ARTICLE 79 9001.2 Standard of Duty. The standard of duty established 79-1;7902.2.4.2 and 7902.2.8.3 for the recognized standards listed in Section 9003 is that the de- Foam Fire Protection Systems sign,construction and quality of materials of buildings,structures, 79-2;7902.1.16.4 and 7902.2.6.3.4 equipment,processes and methodologies be reasonably safe for Fixed Water Spray Fire Protection Systems life, limb,health,property and public welfare. See also Section 79-3;209,Table 4703-A,6307.4,6319,7401.5.2,7902.1.3.2, 101.3. 8001.4.3.3,8004.1.7, 8004.1.15,8004.2.2.2 and 8004.4.3 9001.3 Recognized Standards. The standards listed in Section Identification of the Health,Flammability and Reactivity 9003 are recognized standards.Compliance with these recognized of Hazardous Materials standards shall be prima facie evidence of compliance with the 79-4;NO TAG and 7904.6.1 standard of duty set forth in Section 9001.2. Vehicles for Transporting Flammable or Combustible Liquids SECTION 9002—UFC STANDARDS 79-5;7902.1.8.1.1 and 7902.5.11.2.4 Portable Flammable or Combustible Liquid Tanks UFC STD. 79-6; 7902.6.10 AND Interior Lining of Underground Storage Tanks SEC. TITLE AND SOURCE 79-7;7902.1.8.2.1,7902.1.8.2.7,7902.1.9.5,7902.1.9.7 and ARTICLE 10 7903.3.3 10-1; 1002.1, 1005.2.7, 1102.5.2.3,NO TAG, 3209, 3407, Testing Requirements for Protected Aboveground Tanks 4502.8.2,4503.7.1,5201.9,7901.5.3,7902.5.1.2.1 and NO TAG ARTICLE 80 Selection,Installation,Inspection,Maintenance and 80-1; 8003.8.1,8003.8.2 and 8004.1.16 Testing of Portable Fire Extinguishers Storage,Dispensing and Use of Silane and its Mixtures 10-2; 1001.4, 1006.2.9.1.4, 1006.2.12.2.3, 1006.3.1,NO TAG, 80-2;7401.1,7501.1 and 8004.1.14 6313.3 and 6320.1 Industrial and Institutional Bulk Oxygen Systems Installation,Maintenance and Use of Fire Protection 80-3;7501.1 Signaling Systems Flammable Cryogenic Fluid System at Consumer Sites 10-3 NFPA— 13—Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Sys- 80-4;7501.1 tems Inert Cryogenic Fluid Systems at Consumer Sites 10-4 NFPA— 13 D—Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Sys- tems in 1 &2 Family Dwellings 81-1;8102.9,8102.10,8103.2 and 8803.2 10-5 NFPA— 13 R—Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Sys- High-piled General Storage of Combustibles in Buildings terns in Residential Occupancies 81-2;7902.5.11.5.1,7902.5.12.5.1, 8102.9,8102.10, 8104.2, up to and including 4 stories in height 8104.4 and 8803.2 High-piled Rack Storage of Combustibles in Buildings 1-271 9002 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 81-3;8102.7 a.3.5.650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage Mechanical Smoke-removal Systems a.3.6. 651 Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum 81-4;8101.1,8104.2.3.1,8104.2.3.2 and 8106.1 Storage Tanks High-piled Storage of Combustible Records in Buildings a.3.7.653 Tank Inspection,Repair,Alteration,and Reconstruction ARTICLE 82 a.3.8. 1529 Standard for Aircraft Fuel Servicing Hose and 82-1;5201.3.2,5203.5.1, 8201, 8203, 8206, 8208, 8211, 8212 Couplings and 8214 a.3.9. 1604 Removal and Disposal of Used Underground Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage and Use Petroleum Storage Tanks, 1987 edition a.3.10. 1615 Installation of Underground Petroleum ARTICLE 88 Storage Systems 88-1; 8801 a.3.11. 1632 Cathodic Protection of Underground Classification of Aerosol Products Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems a.3.12.2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure APPENDIX Storage Tanks A-III-C-1,A-III-C Section 1 a.3.13. 2001 Fire Protection in Refineries Inspection,Testing and Maintenance of Water-based a.3.14.2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Fire-protection Systems Static,Lightning,and Stray Currents a.3.15. 2009 Safe Welding and Cutting Practices in SECTION 9003—RECOGNIZED STANDARDS Refineries,Gas Plants,and Petrochemical Plants a.3.16. 2015 Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage a.I AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY Tanks AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS a.3.17. 2023 Guide for Safe Storage and Handling of 444 N. Capitol Street, Suite 225,Washington,DC 20001 Heated Petroleum:Derived Asphalt Products and Crude a.1.1 Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges Oil Residue a.2. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE a.3.18.2028 Flame Arrestors in Piping Systems 11 W.42nd,New York,NY 10036 a.3.19.2201 Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on ANSI STANDARDS Equipment Containing Flammables a.3.20. 2350 Overfill Protection for Petroleum Storage a.2.1. ANSI A13.1 Scheme for the Identification of Piping Tanks Systems a.2.2. ANSI B31 Guide a.4. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND a.2.3.ANSI B31.1 Power Piping MATERIALS a.2.4. ANSI B31.2 Fuel Gas Piping 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 ASTM STANDARDS a.2.5.ANSI B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping a.4.1. ASTM A 395 Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures a.2.6. ANSUASME B31.4 Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping System a.4.2. ASTM D 5 Penetration of Bituminous Materials a.2.7. ANSI B31.5 Refrigeration Piping a.4.3.ASTM D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester a.2.8. ANSI B31.5a Refrigeration Piping a.4.4.ASTM D 86 Standard Method of Test for Distillation a.2.9. ANSI B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution of Petroleum Products Piping Systems a.4.5.ASTM D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points a.2.10. ANSIIIEEE 484 Recommended Practice for by Cleveland Open Cup Installations of Large-Lead Storage for Generating a.4.6.ASTM D 93 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points Stations and Substations. of Liquids by Pensky-Martins Closed a.2.11. ANSI/IEEE 937 Recommended Practice for a.4.7.ASTM D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Petroleum Products(Reid Method) Photovoltaic(PV)Systems. a.4.8. ASTM D 3061 Tin-Plate Fabricated Aerosol Cans a.3. AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE a.4.9.ASTM D 3063 Pressure in Glass Aerosol Bottles 1220 "L" Street,N.W.,Washington,DC 20005 a.4.10.ASTM D 3064 Standard Terminology Relating to API STANDARDS Aerosol Products a.3.1. 12-B Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of a.4.11.ASTM D 3073 Filling and Inspection of Glass Production Liquids Aerosol Containers a.3.2. 12-D Specification for Field Large Welded Tanks for a.4.12.ASTM D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Storage of Production Liquids Liquids by Setaflash Closed Cup a.3.3. 12-F Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for a.4.13.ASTM D 4021 Standard Specification for Storage of Production Liquids Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Underground a.3.4. 620 Recommended Rules for Design and Petroleum Storage Tanks Construction of Large Welded,Low Pressure Storage a.4.14.ASTM E 681 Standard Test Method for Tanks Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals 1-272 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 9003 a.4.15.ASTM E 1354 Standard for Heat and Visible n.2.2.46 Recommended Safe Practices for Storage of Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using Forest Products an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter n.2.3.497A Classification of Class I Hazardous Locations a.4.16.ASTM E 1529 Standard Test Methods for for Electrical Installations. Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fire on n.2.4.59A Standard for the Production,Storage and Structural Members and Assemblies Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas a.5. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL n.2.5.505 Firesafety Standard for Powered Industrial ENGINEERS Trucks(Forklifts) 345 East 47th Street,New York,NY 10017 n.2.6.701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for ASME STANDARDS Flame-resistant Textiles and Films a.5.1.ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code n.2.7. 703 Standard for Fire Retardant Impregnated Wood and Fire Retardant Coatings for Building Materials Section I.Power Boilers n.2.8. 2001 Clean Agent Fire-extinguishing Systems Section VIII.Pressure Vessels,Division 1 or 2 n.2.9. 92A Smoke Control Systems a.6. ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS,Bureau n.2.10.92B Smoke Management Systems in Malls,Atria, of Explosives and Large Areas 1920 "L" Street,N.W.,Washington,DC 20036 n.2.11.20 Smoke and Heat Venting AAR CIRCULARS n.3. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY a.6.1. 17-E Tank Car Loading Racks AND HEALTH(rIIOSH) c.l COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION,INC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,Center for Disease Control,4676 Co- 1725 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1004, Arlington, VA lumbia Pkwy,Cincinnati,OH 45226 22202-4100 n.3.1.NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards CGA PAMPHLETS s.1. STEEL TANK INSTITUTE c.1.1.C-7 Guide to the Precautionary Labeling and Marking Compressed Gas Containers 666 Dundee Road,Suite 705,Northbrook,IL 60062 of c. of P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases s.1.1. Standard sti-P30 Specification for Exterior Corrosion Protection of Underground Steel Storage Tanks f.1. FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND u.1. UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. RESEARCH 333 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike,Norwood,MA 02062 Pfi Road,Northbrook,IL 60062 UL FACTORY MUTUAL DATA SHEETS AND APPROVAL � STANDADARDS STANDARDS u.l.l. UL 25 Meters for Flammable and Combustible Liquids and LP Gas f.1.1.8-9 Storage of Class I,II,III,IV and Plastic Commodi- u.1.2. UL 30 Metal Safety Cans ties u.1.3. UL 58 Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for f.1.2. 4430 Heat and Smoke Vents Flammable and Combustible Liquids i.1. ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY OF u.1.4. UL 79 Power Operated Pumps for Petroleum NORTH AMERICA Products Dispensing Systems 345 East 47th Street,New York,NY 10017 u.1.5. UL 80 Standard for Steel Inside Tanks for i,1.1. IES Lighting Handbook Oil-burner Fuel i.2. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BUILDING u.1.6. UL 87 Power Operated Dispensing Devices for OFFICIALS Petroleum Products u.1.7. UL 142 Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for 5360 Workman Mill Road,Whittier,CA 90601 Flammable and Combustible Liquids UNIFORM BUILDING CODE STANDARDS u.1.8. UL 147B Standard for Nonrefillable(Disposable) i.2.1. 15-7 Automatic Smoke and Heat Vents Type Metal Container Assemblies for Butane n.1. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION u.1.9. UL 330 Gasoline Hose ENGINEERS u.1.10.UL 525 Flame Arresters for Use of Vents of 1440 South Creek Drive,Houston,TX 77084 Storage Tanks for Petroleum Oil and Gasoline RECOMMENDED PRACTICES u.1.11.UL 567 Pipe Connectors for Flammable and n.1.1.RP-01 Control of External Corrosion of Combustible Liquids and LP Gas Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems u.1.12 UL 793 Automatically Operated Roof Vents for Smoke and Heat n.1.2.RP-02 Control of External Corrosion on Metallic u.1.13.UL 842 Valves for Flammable Liquids Buried,Partially Buried,or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems u.1.14.UL 1313 Nonmetallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Products n.2. NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION u.1.15.UL 1316 Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Post Office Box 9101, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products 02269 u.1.16.UL 1746 External Corrosion Protection Systems NFPA STANDARDS for Steel Underground Storage Tanks n.2.1.40 Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion u.1.17.UL 2085 Standard for Insulated Aboveground Picture Film Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1-273 9003 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 9003 u.1.18 UL 2245 Outline of Investigation for Below—grade u.2.1.ULC 603.1-M Standard for Galvanic Corrosion Vaults for Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for u.1.19.UL 1975 Standard for Fire Tests for Foamed Flammable and Combustible Liquids Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes u.3. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA REGULATIONS u.1.20. UL 2208 Standard for Solvent Distillation Units Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington,DC 20402 u.2. UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES OF CANADA INC. CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS u.3.1.Title 29,Section 1910 7 Crouse Road, Scarborough,Ontario,Canada M 1 R 3A9 u.3.2.Title 40,Parts 280 and 281 ULC STANDARDS u.3.3.Title 49,Chapter 1 (DOT Regulations) 1-274 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE CALIFORNIA STANDARDS ARTICLE 91—CALIFORNIA STANDARDS 9101.1 California Standards. The California Standards referred Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines to as in various parts of this code, which are listed in Section 17. NFPA 50, 1996 Edition, Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer 9002, are hereby declared to be part of this code and are referred Sites to in this code as "CFC Standards." 18. NFPA 54, 1996 Edition, National Fuel Gas Code 19. NFPA 58, 1998 Edition, Standard for the Storage and Han- Whenever this code refers to a UBC or UFC Standard, it shall be dling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases. construed to mean the appropriate State Fire Marshal (SFM) 20. NFPA 72, 1999 Edition, National Fire Alarm Code, as adopted standard, as listed in this chapter. amended. [The SFM does not adopt NFPA 72L 1999 Edition, 9101.1.1 National Standards Adopted by the State Fire Marshal Chapter 8.] (SFM). Standards as adopted by the SFM in California Building 20.1 NFPA 720, 1996 Edition, National Fire Alarm Code, as Code, Chapter 35 are duplicated here for ease of reference. amended, Chapter 2— "Household Fire Warning Equipment." 21. NFPA 92 A, 2000 Edition, Smoke—Control Systems Whenever the Uniform Building Code refers to: 22. NFPA 99, 1999 Edition, Health Care Facilities, Chapter 4, UBC Standard It shall be construed to mean: Gas and Vacuum Systems. 23. NFPA 99 C, 1999 Edition, Gas and Vacuum Systems 9-1 NFPA 13 24. NFPA 253, 2000 Edition, Test for Critical Radiant Flux of 9-2 NFPA 14 Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source 9-3 NFPA 13R 25. NFPA 2001, 2000 Edition, Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing 9101.1.2 California State Fire Marshal(SFM)Standards. Systems 26. UL 13,Power—limited Circuit Cables,4 Second Edition 1996. SFM 12-4-100 Smoke Ventilators. 27. UL 38,Manually Actuated Signaling Boxes, Seventh Edition, March 26, 1999, with revisions SFM 12-7-3 Fire—testing Furnace. through April 28, 2000. SFM 12-8-100 Room Fire Tests for Wall and Ceiling Materials. 28. UL 193,Alarm Valves for Fire—Protection Service,Ninth Edi- tion, March 24, 1993. The State Fire Marshal standards referred to above are found in 29. UL 217, Single— and Multiple—Station Smoke Alarm, as the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 12. amended, Fifth Edition, 1997. 30. UL 228, Door Closers/Holders, with or without Integral 9101.1.3[For SFM]National Standards. Smoke Alarms Fourth Edition, April 29, 1997, with revisions 1. NFPA 11,1998 Edition, Low—Expansion Foams through January 21, 1999. 2.NFPA HA, 1999 Edition,Medium—and High—Expansion Foam 31. UL 260, Dry Pipe and Deluge Valves for Fire Protection Ser- Systems vice, Sixth Edition,May 27, 1994, with revisions through Febru- 3. NFPA 12, 1998 Edition, Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Sys- ary 15, 1999. tems 32. UL 262, Gate Valves for Fire Protection Service, Seventh Edi- 4. NFPA 12A,1997 Edition,Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing tion, May 27, 1994, with revisions through January 28, 1998. Systems 33. UL 268, Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Sys- 5.NFPA 13, 1999 Edition, The Installation of Automatic Sprinkler tems, as amended,Fourth Edition,December 30, 1996,with revi- Systems, as amended. sions through January 4, 1999. 6. NFPA 13D, 1999 Edition, Installation of Sprinkler Systems in 34. UL 268A,Smoke Detectors for Duct Application,as amended, One—and Two—Family Dwellings and Third Edition, May 15, 1998. Manufactured Homes 35. UL 312, Check Valves for Fire—Protection Service, Eighth 7. NFPA 13R, 1999 Edition, Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Edition,June 2, 1993,with revisions through February 17, 1994. Residential Occupancies up to and 36. UL 346, Waterflow Indicators for Fire Protective Signaling Including Four Stories in Height Systems, Fourth Edition, 1994. 8. NFPA 14, 2000 Edition,Installation of Standpipe, Private Hy- 37. UL 464, Audible Signal Appliances Seventh Edition, Febru- drant, and Hose Systems ary 23, 1996, with revisions through May 11, 1999. 9. NFPA 15, 1996 Edition, Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire 38. UL 497B, Protectors for Data Communication and Fire Protection Alarm Circuits, Second Edition, December 28, 1993, with revi- 10. NFPA 16, 1999 Edition,Installation of Deluge, Foam—Water sions through October 20, 1994. Sprinkler and Foam—Water Spray 39. UL 521, Heat Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Sys- Systems tems, Seventh Edition, February 19, 1999. 11.NFPA 17, 1998 Edition,Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems 40. UL 539,Single—and Multiple—Station Heat Detectors,Fourth 12. NFPA 17A, 1998 Edition, Wet Chemical Extinguishing Sys- Edition, 1995. tems. 41. UL 632, Electrically Actuated Transmitters, Sixth Edition, 13.NFPA 20, 1999 Edition, Installation of Stationary Pumps for 1994. Fire Protection 42. UL 753, Alarm Accessories for Automatic Water Supply 14. NFPA 22, 1998 Edition, Water Tanks for Private Fire Protec- Valves for Fire Protection Service, Sixth Edition, 1994. tion 43. UL 813, Commercial Audio Equipment, Seventh Edition, De- 15. NFPA 24, 1995 Edition, Installation of Private Fire Service cember 13, 1996, with revisions through March, 30, 1999. Mains and Their Appurtenances 44. UL 864, Control Units for Fire Protective Signaling Systems, 16. NFPA 37, 1998 Edition, Installation and Use of Stationary as amended, Eighth Edition,November 27, 1996, with revisions 1-275 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE through March 30, 1999. Sec. 1-5.4.7.1. Supplementary Audible Notification Ap- 45. UL 884, Underfloor Electric Raceways and Fittings,Eighth pliances.Every public,private or parochial school building hav- Edition, 1987 Tenth Edition, 1998. ing an occupant load of fifty(50)or more students or more than 46. UL 913,Intrinsically Safe Apparatus for Use in Class I,II,and one classroom shall sound the California uniform fire alarm sig- III, Division 1,Hazardous Locations, Fifth Edition, February 21, nal as described in Education Code Sections 32002, 32003 and 1997, with revisions dated February 24, 1997. 32004. 47. UL 924, Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment, Eighth EXCEPTION: When afire alarm system having a dis- Edition, 1999, November 29, 1990, with revisions through No- tinctive tone, and which is used for no other purpose, is vember 24, 1993. installed, the manner of sounding such alarm shall not be 48.UL 985, Household Fire Warning System Units, as amended, subject to the provisions of Education Code Sections Fifth Edition,May 26, 2000. 32002, 32003 and 32004. 49. UL 1091, Butterfly Valves for Fire Protection Service, Fifth Edition, 1994. Amend Section 1.5.5.4, as follows: 50. UL 1424, Cables for Power-limited Fire Protective Signaling Circuits, Second Edition, 1996. Sec. L5.5.4. Wiring. The installation of all wiring, cable and 51. UL 1480, Speakers for Fire Protective Signaling Systems equipment shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Fourth Edition,July 28, 1998. Code, and specifically with Article 760, 770 and 800, where ap- 52. UL Edition, i Power Supplies for Fire Protective Signaling Sys plicable. Optical fiber cables shall be protected against mechani- tems, Fourth Edition, April 9, 1999. cal injury in accordance with Article 760. 53. UL 1711, Amplifiers for Fire Protective Signaling Systems, Amend Section 1-5.7.1.2 as follows: First Edition,January 5, 1987, with revisions October 12, 1992. 54. UL 1730, Smoke Detector Monitors and Accessories(annun- Sec. 1-5.7.1.2. Zone of Origin. Fire alarm systems serving two ciators)for Individual Living Units of Multifamily Residences or more zones shall identify the zone of origin of the alarm initia- and Hotel/Motel Rooms, Third Edition, September 78, 1998, with tion by annunciation or coded signal as required by the authority revisions through May 17, 1999. having jurisdiction. 55. UL 1971, Signaling Devices for the Hearing Impaired, Sec- Add a new SFM subsection 1-6.2.2(3)as follows: and Edition, October 17, 1995, with revisions through May 24, 2000. (3)[For SFM] The owner's manual and the record drawings 56. UL 1484, Residential Gas Detectors, Third Edition, Novem- shall be provided at a location approved by the authority having ber 30, 1994, with revisions dated December 1, 1994 jurisdiction. 57. UL 1994, Low Level Path Marking and Lighting Systems, Amend Section 2-8.1 as follows Sixth Edition, 1994. 58. UL 2034, Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Sec. 2-8.1 Each manual fire alarm box shall be securely Alarms, Second Edition, October 29, 1996, with revisions mounted. The operable part of each manual fire alarm box shall through June 2, 1999. be not less than 42"(1066 mm)and not more than 48"(1219mm) 59. UL 2079, Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems, above floor level. Third Edition, July 31, 1998. 60. FM Class No. 3260,Flame Radiation Detectors for Automat- Amend Section 2-8.2.4 by adding an exception as follows: is Fire Alarm Signaling, February 1994 Edition. EXCEPTION: When individual dwelling units are served by a single exit stairway, additional boxes at other than the ground floor 9102 [For SFM] AMENDMENTS TO NATIONAL STAN- may be omitted. DARDS Add a Section 3-8.3.2.3.1(b)as follows: 9102.1 [SFMJ NFPA 72, 1999 Edition, as amended. Sec. 3-8.3.2.3.](b) A smoke detector that is continuously sub- Amend Section 1-5.2.6, second paragraph as follows: jetted to a smoke concentration above alarm threshold does not delay the system functions of 1-5.4 by more than 30 seconds. For a combination system, the secondary supply capacity re- Add a Section 3-8.4.1.3.3.3(3)c and amend Section 3-4.2.2.2 as quired above shall include the load of any non-fire related equip ment,functions, or features. (The balance of the section text is to follows: remain unchanged.) Sec. 3-8.4.1.3.3.3 (3)c. Installation of listed circuit integrity Delete the last sentence of Section I-5.4.8 as follows: (C.1.)cable, which meets or exceeds a two-hour fire-resistance rating. If automatically turning of the alarm verification appliances is permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, the alarm shall not Sec. 3�1.2.2.2:(b) Where the vertically run conductors are con- be turned off in less than 5 minutes. tained in a 2—hour rated cable assembly, or enclosed(installed) in a 2—hour rated enclosure or a listed circuit integrity (C.I.) Delete Exception No L cable, which meets or exceeds a 2—hour fire resistive rating. Exception No 1:If otherwise permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, the 5 minute requirement shall not apply. Amend Sections 4-3.2.1 and 4-3.3.1 as follows: Renumber Exception No 2 to No 1. Sec. 4-3.2.1.Audible notification appliances intended for opera- Exception No 2 1:If permitted by the authority having jurisdic- tion in the public mode shall have a sound level of not less than tion, subsequent actuation of another addressable initiating de- 75dBA at 10 feet(3m)or more than 110dBA at the minimum hear- vice of the same type in the same room or .space shall not be ing distance from the audible appliance. required to cause the notification appliance(s) to reactivate. Sec. 4-3.3.1. Private Mode.Audible notification appliances in- Add a Section 1-5.4.7.1 as follows: tended for operation in the private mode shall have a sound level 1-276 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE of not less than 45dBA at 10 feet(3m)or more than 110dBA at the 2-1.3.3 Supplementary functions, including the extension of an minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance. alarm beyond the household, shall be permitted and shall not in- terfere with the performance requirements of this chapter. Add a Section 4-4.5 as follows: 2-1.3.4 Where the authority having jurisdiction requires ahouse- 4-4.5 Notification Appliances for the Hearing Impaired. Ap- hold fire warning system to comply with the requirements of proved notification appliances for the hearing impaired shall be Chapter 4 or any other chapters of this code, the requirements of installed in the following areas: Section 2-2 shall still apply. 1. Restrooms 2-1.3.5 The definitions of Section 1-4 shall apply. 2. Corridors 3. Music practice rooms 2—I.3.6 This chapter does not exclude the use of fire alarm sys- 4. Band rooms tems complying with other chapters of this code in household ap- plications, provided all of the requirements of this chapter are 5. Gymnasiums 6. Multipurpose rooms met or exceeded. 7. Occupational shops 2-1.3.7 All devices,combinations of devices,and equipment to be 8. Occupied rooms where ambient noise impairs hearing of the installed in conformity with this chapter shall be approved or fire alarm listed for the purposes for which they are intended. 9. Lobbies 10. Meeting rooms 2-1.3.8 A device or system of devices having materials or forms IL Any other area for common use that differ from those detailed in this chapter shall be permitted to be examined and tested according to the intent of the chapter and, NOTE: This section is also adopted by the Division of the State if found equivalent, shall be permitted to be approved. Architect, Access Compliance for buildings not regulated by 2-1.3.9 Equivalency.Nothing in this code is intended to prevent the State Fire Marshal. the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this code,provided technical doc- Amend Section 2-4.2.1 of NFPA 721 , 1996. umentation is submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency and the system,method, or device is ap- 9102.1.1(For SFM]NFPA 721 , 1996 Edition, Chapter 2,as proved for the intended purpose. amended. Reprinted with permission from NFPA 72,National Fire Alarm Code Copyright © 1996 National Fire Protection 2-2 Basic Requirements. Association, Quincy, MA 02269 This reprinted material is not 2-2.1 Required Protection. the complete and official position of the National Fire Protec- tion Association, on the referenced subject which is repre- 2-2.1.1* This code requires the following detectors within the sented only by the standard in its entirety. The National Fire family living unit. Alarm Codel , are registered trademarks of the National Fire 2-21.1.1 Smoke alarms shall be installed outside of each sepa- Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02269. rate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms and Chapter 2 Household Fire Warning Equipment on each additional story of the family living unit, including base- ments and excluding crawl spaces and unfinished attics. In new 2-1 Introduction. construction, a smoke alarm also shall be installed in each sleep- ing room. 2-1.1*Scope. This chapter contains minimum requirements for the selection, installation, operation, and maintenance of fire 2-2.1.1.2* For family living units with one or more split levels warning equipment for use within family living units. The re- (i.e., adjacent levels with less than one full story separation be- quirements of the other chapters shall not apply. tween levels), a smoke alarm required by 2-2.1.L I shall be per- mitted for an adjacent lower level, including basements. (See Exception:Where specifically indicated. Figure A-2-2.1.1.2.) 2-1.2 Purpose. Exception:Where there is an intervening door between one level and the adjacent lower level,a smoke alarm shall be installed on the 2-1.2.1 Household fire warning systems shall be designed and lower level. installed to provide sufficient warning of a fire to enable occu- 2-21 1.3 Automatic sprinkler systems provided in accordance pants to escape.It is recognized that household fire warning sys- with NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Sys- tems might not be of material assistance to all occupants, such as tems in One— and Two—Family Dwellings and Manufactured persons intimate with the ignition of afire. Homes, or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler 2-1.2.2 This chapter is primarily concerned with life safety, not Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four with protection of property. It presumes that a family has an exit Stories in Height,shall be interconnected to sound alarm notifi- plan. cation appliances throughout the dwelling where afire warning system is provided. 2-1.3 General. 2-2.2*Alarm Notification Appliances. Each automatic alarm- 2-1.3.1 A control and associated equipment,a multiple or single initiating device shall cause the operation of an alarm that shall station alarm(s), or any combination thereof shall be permitted to be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels be used as a household fire warning system,provided the require- with all intervening doors closed. The tests of audibility level ments of 2-1.3.7 are met. shall be conducted with all household equipment that might be in operation at night in full operation. Examples of such equipment 2-1.3.2 Detection and alarm systems for use within the protected are window air conditioners and room humidifiers. (See A-2-2.2 household are covered by this chapter for additional information.) 1-277 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2-2.2.1 In new construction, where more than one smoke alarm is 2-3.2.1 An ac primary (main)power source shall be a depend- required by 2-2.1, smoke alarm shall able commercial light and power supply source.A visible "power be arranged so that operation of any smoke alarm causes the on" indicator shall be provided. alarm in all smoke alarms within the dwelling to sound. 2-3.2.2 All electrical systems designed to be installed by other than a qualified electrician shall be powered from a source not in Exception:Configurations that provide equivalent distribution of excess of 30 volts that meets the requirements for power limited the alarm signal. fire alarm circuits as defined in NFPA 70, National Electrical 2-2.2.2*Standard Signal.Newly installed alarm notification ap- Code, Article 760.2 3.2.3 A restraining means shall be used at pliances used with a household fire warning system and single the plug—in of any cord connected installation. and multiple station smoke alarms shall produce the audible 2-3.2.4 AC primary(main)power shall be supplied either from a emergency evacuation signal described in ANSI S3.41, Audible dedicated branch circuit or the unswitched portion of a branch Emergency Evacuation Signal.Signals from different notification circuit also used for power and lighting. Operation of a switch appliances shall not be required to be synchronized. (other than a circuit breaker)or a ground fault circuit—interrupt- er shall not cause loss of primary(main)power. 2-2.3 Alarm Notification Appliances for the Hearing Impaired. Exception No.1:Single or multiple station alarms with a super- In a household occupied by one or more hearing impaired per- vised rechargeable standby,battery that provides at least 4 months of sons, each initiating device shall cause the operation of a visible operation with a fully charged battery. alarm signal(s) in accordance with 2-4.4.2. Since hearing defi- Exception No.2:Where a ground fault circuit-interrupter serves tits are often not apparent, the responsibility for advising the ap- all electrical circuits within the household. propriate persons shall be that of the hearing impaired party. The 2-3.2.5 Neither loss nor restoration of primary (main) power responsibility for compliance shall be that of the occupants of the shall cause an alarm signal. family living unit. Exception:An alarm signal shall be permitted within the household Exception:A listed tactile signal shall be permitted to be employed. but shall not exceed 2 seconds. 2-3 Power Supplies. 2-3.2.6 Where a secondary(standby)battery is provided, the pri- mary(main)power supply shall be of sufficient capacity to oper- 2-3.1 General. ate the system under all conditions of loading with any secondary (standby) battery disconnected or fully discharged. 2-3.1.1 All power supplies shall have sufficient capacity to oper- 2-3.3 Primary Power Supply —Monitored Battery. Household ate the alarm signal(s)for at least 4 fire warning equipment shall be permitted to be powered by a bat- continuous minutes. tery,provided that the battery is monitored to ensure that the fol- 2-3.1.2 There shall be a primary(main)and a secondary(stand- lowing conditions are met: by)power source. For electrically powered household fire warn- (a)All power requirements are met for at least I year of battery ing equipment, the primary(main)power source shall be ac;the life, including monthly testing. secondary (standby)power source shall be a battery. (b)A distinctive audible trouble signal sounds before the bat- Exception No. 1: Where the primary(main)power source is an tern is incapable of operating(from causes such as aging or ter- emergency circuit or a legally required standby circuit capable of op- minal corrosion) the device(s)for alarm purposes. erating the system for at least 24 hours in the normal condition,lol- (e) For a unit employing a lock—in alarm feature, automatic lowed by not less than 4 minutes of alarm, a secondary (standby) transfer is provided from alarm to a trouble condition. source shall not be required. Exception No.2:Where the primary(main)power source is a cir- (d)The unit is capable of producing an alarm signal for at least cuit of an optional standby system capable of operating the system for 4 minutes at the battery voltage at which a trouble signal is nor- at least 24 hours,followed by not less than 4 minutes of alarm,that mally obtained,followed by not less than 7 days of trouble signal meets the requirements for either an emergency,system or a legally re- operation. quired standby system as defined in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code,Anicles 700 and 701,respectively,a secondary(standby)supply (e) The audible trouble signal is produced at least once every shall not be required. minute for 7 consecutive days. Exception No.3:Detectors and alarms powered from a monitored (f)Acceptable replacement batteries are clearly identified by de circuit of a control unit where power for the control unit meets the the manufacturer's name and model number on the unit near the requirements of Section 2-3 and the circuit remains operable upon loss battery compartment. of primary(main)ac power. Exception No.4:A detector and a wireless transmitter that serves (g)A readily noticeable, visible indication is displayed when a only that detector shall be permitted to be powered from a monitored primary battery is removed from the unit. battery primary(main)source where part of a listed,monitored low (h)Any unit that uses a nonrechargeable battery as a primary power radio(wireless)system.A secondary(standby)source shall not be required. power supply that is capable of a 10—year or greater service life, including testing, and meets the requirements of 2-3.3(b)through Exception No. 5: In existing construction, either an ac primary (e) shall not be required to have a replaceable battery. power source,as described in 2-3.2,or a monitored battery primary (main)power source,as described in 2-3.3,shall be permitted.A sec- 2-3.4 Secondary(Standby)Power Supply. ondary(standby)source shall not be required. Exception No. 6: Visible notification appliances required by 2-3.4.1 Removal or disconnection of a battery used as a secon- 2-4.4.2. dary (standby)power source shall cause a distinctive audible or Exception No.7:Where the primary(main)power source is non- visible trouble signal. electrical,a secondary(standby)source shall not be required.The re- 2-3.4.2 Acceptable replacement batteries shall be clearly identi- quirements of 2-3.5 shall apply. fled by manufacturer's name and model number on the unit near 2-3.2 Primary Power Supply—AC. the battery compartment. 1-278 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2-3.4.3 Where required by law for disposal reasons, recharge- 2-4.4.2 Visible notification appliances used in rooms where a able batteries shall be removable. hearing impaired person(s)sleeps shall have a minimum rating of 177 candela for a maximum room size of 14 ft by 16 ft(4.27 m by 2-3.4.4 Automatic Recharging. 4.88 m). For larger rooms, the visible notification appliance shall 2-3.4.4.1 Automatic recharging shall be provided where a re- be located within 16 ft(4.88 m)of the pillow. Visible notification chargeable battery is used as the secondary(standby)supply. The appliances in other areas shall have a minimum rating of 15 can- supply shall be capable of operating the system for at least 24 dela. hours in the normal condition,followed by not less than 4 minutes Exception: Where a visible notification appliance in a sleeping of alarm. Loss of the secondary(standby)source shall sound an room is mounted more than 24 in.(610mm)below the ceiling,a mini- audible trouble signal at least once every minute. mum rating of 110 candela shall be permitted. 2-3.4.4.2 The battery shall be recharged within 4 hours where 2-4.5 Control Equipment. power is provided from a circuit that can be switched on or off by 2-4.5.1 The control equipment shall be automatically restoring means other than a circuit breaker, or within 48 hours where upon restoration of electrical power power is provided from a circuit that cannot be switched on or off by means other than a circuit breaker. 2-4.5.2 The control equipment shall be of a type that "locks in on an alarm condition. Smoke detection circuits shall not be re- 2-3.4.5 Where automatic recharging is not provided, the battery quired to lock in. shall be monitored to ensure that the following conditions are 2-4.5.3 Ifa reset switch is provided, it shall be of aself-restoring met: (a)All power requirements are met for at least 1 year of battery type life. 2-4.5.4 An alarm-silencing switch or an audible trouble-silenc- (b)A distinctive audible trouble signal sounds before the bat- ing switch shall not be required to be provided. tery capacity has been depleted below the level required to pro- Exception: Where the switch's silenced position is indicated by a duce an alarm signal for 4 minutes. readily apparent signal. 2-4.5.5 Each electrical f re warning system and each single sta- 2-3.5 Primary Power - Non-electrical. A suitable spring- tion smoke detector shall have an integral test means to allow the wound mechanism shall provide power for the non-electrical householder to check the system and the sensitivity of the detec- portion of a listed single station alarm.A visible indication shall tor(s). be provided to show that sufficient operating power is not avail- able. 2-4.6 Monitoring Integrity of Installation Conductors. All means of interconnecting initiating devices or notification ap- 2-4 Equipment Performance. pliances shall be monitored for the integrity of the interconnect- 2-4.1 General.The failure of any nonreliable or short-life com- ing pathways up to the connections to the device or appliance so ponent that renders the detector inoperable shall be readily ap- that the occurrence of a single open or single ground fault,which parent to the occupant of the living unit without the need for test. prevents normal operation of the system, is indicated by a distinc- tive trouble signal. 2-4.2 Smoke Alarms and Smoke Detectors. Each smoke alarm Exception No.1: Conductors connecting multiple station alarms, and smoke detector shall detect abnormal quantities of smoke provided a single fault on the wiring cannot prevent single station op- that can occur in a dwelling,shall properly operate in the normal eration of any of the interconnected detectors. environmental conditions of a household, and shall be in com- Exception No.2:Circuits extending from single or multiple station pliance with ANSIUL 268, Standard for Safety Smoke Detectors alarms to required remote notification appliances,provided operation for Fire Protective Signaling Systems, or ANSIUL 217, Standard of the test feature on any detector causes all connected appliances to for Safety Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alarms. activate. Sec. 2-4.2.1 The alarm verification feature shall not be used for 2-4.7 Combination System. household fire warning equipment.(This text is continued from 2-4.7.1 Where common wiring is employed for a combination CBC, Chapter 35] system, the equipment for other than the fire warning signaling 2-4.3*Heat Alarms and Heat Detectors. system shall be connected to the common wiring of the system so that short circuits, open circuits, grounds, or any fault in this 2--4.3.1 Each heat detector, including a heat detector integrally equipment or interconnection between this equipment and the fire mounted on a smoke detector, shall detect abnormally high tem- warning system wiring does not interfere with the supervision of perature or rate—of—temperature rise, and all such detectors the fire warning system or prevent alarm or trouble signal opera- shall be listed for not less than 50-f(15-m)spacing. tion. 2-4.3.2 Fixed temperature detectors shall have a temperature 2-4.7.2 In a fire-burglar system, the operation shall be as fol- rating at least 25°F(14°C)above the normal ambient tempera- lows: (a)Afire alarm signal shall take precedence or be clearly ture and shall not be rated 50°F(28°C)higher than the maximum recognizable over any other signal even when the non fire alarm anticipated ambient temperature in the room or space where signal is initiated first. (b)Distinctive alarm signals shall be used installed so that fire alarms can be distinguished from other functions such as burglar alarms. The use of a common sounding appliance for 2-4.4 Alarm Signaling Intensity. fire and burglar alarms shall be permitted where distinctive sig- 2-4.4.1 All alarm-sounding appliances shall have a minimum nals are used. (See 2-2.2.2.) rating of 85 dBA at]Oft(3 m). 2-4.8 Low Power Wireless Systems. Household fire warning sys- Exception:An additional sounding appliance intended for use in tems utilizing low power wireless transmission of signals within the same room as the user,such as a bedroom,may have a sound pres- the protected household shall comply with the requirements of sure level as low as 75 dBA at]Oft(3 m). Section 3-13. 1-279 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Exception:Paragraph 3-13.4.5 shall not apply. 2-5.2.1.1 Smoke alarms and Smoke detectors in rooms with ceil- 2-4.9 Supervising Station Systems. ing slopes greater than I ft in 8 ft(I min 8 m)horizontally shall be located at the high side of the room. 2-4.9.1 Any communications method described in Section 4-5 2-5.2.1.2 A Smoke alarms and smoke detector installed in a stair- shall be permitted for transmission of signals from household fire well shall A so located as a ensure that smoke rising in the stair- warning equipment to a supervising station.All of the provisions well cannot be prevented from reaching the detector by an of Section 4-5 shall apply, as appropriate. intervening door or obstruction. Exception No.1:Only one telephone line shall be required for one— and two—family residences. 2-5.2.1.3 A Smoke alarms and smoke detector installed to detect Exception No.2:Each DACT shall be required to be programmed afire in the basement shall be located in close proximity to the to call a single DACR number only. stairway leading to the floor above. Exception No.3:Each DACT serving a one—or two-familv resi- 2-5.2.1.4 The Smoke alarms and smoke detector installed to com- dence shall transmit a test signal to its associated receiver at least ply with 2-2.1.L I on a story without a separate sleeping area monthly. shall be located in close proximity to the stairway leading to the 2-4.9.2* On receipt of an alarm signal from household fire warn- floor above. ing equipment, the supervising station shall immediately,(within 2-5.2.1.5 Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be mounted on 90 seconds) retransmit the alarm to the public fire communica- the ceiling at least 4 in.(102 mm)from a wall or on a wall with the tions center top of the detector not less than 4 in. (102 mm)nor more than 12 Exception:The supervising station shall be permitted to contact the in. (305 min)below the ceiling. residence for verification of an alarm condition and,where acceptable Exception: Where the mounting surface might become consider- assurance is provided within 90 seconds that the fire service is not ably warmer or cooler than the room,such as a poorly insulated ceil- needed, retransmission of an alarm to the public service fire commu- ing below an unfinished attic or an exterior wall,the detectors shall be nications center shall not be required. mounted on an inside wall. 2-5 Installation. 2-5.2.1.6 Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be located 2-5.1 General. within kitchens or garages, or in other spaces where tempera- tures can fall below 40°F(4°C) or exceed 100°F(38°C). Smoke 2-5.1.1 General Provisions. detectors shall not be located closer than 3 ft(0.9 m)horizontally from: (a)The door to a kitchen. b) The door to a bathroom con- taining a tub or shower. (c) The supply registers of a forced air manner. heating or cooling system, and outside of the airflow from those 2-5.1.1.2 All devices shall be so located and mounted that acci- registers. dental operation is not caused by jarring or vibration. Exception:Detectors specifically listedfor the application. 2-5.1.1.3 All installed household fire warning equipment shall be 2-5.2.2*Heat Detectors and Heat Alarms. mounted so as to be supported independently of its attachment to 2-5.2.2.1 On smooth ceilings, heat detectors shall be installed wires. within the strict limitations of their listed spacing. 2-5.1.1.4 All equipment shall be restored to normal as promptly 2-5.2.2.2 For sloped ceilings having a rise greater than I ft in 8 ft as possible after each alarm or test. (I in in 8 m)horizontally, the detector shall be located on or near the ceiling at or within 3 ft(0.9 m)of the peak. The spacing of 2-5.1.1.5 The supplier or installing contractor shall provide the additional detectors, if any, shall be based on a horizontal dis- owner with:(a)An instruction booklet illustrating typical instal- tance measurement, not on a measurement along the slope of the lation layouts. (b) Instruction charts describing the operation, ceiling. method and frequency of testing, and proper 2-5.2.2.3* Heat detectors and heat alarms shall be mounted on maintenance of household fire warning equipment.(c)Printed in- the ceilingat least 4 in. 102 mm formation for establishing a household emergency evacuation ( )from a wall or on a wall with the plan. (d) Printed information to inform owners where they can top 3 the detector not less than 4 in. (102 min)nor more than 12 in. (305 min)below the ceiling. obtain repair or replacement service, and where and how parts requiring regular replacement(such as batteries or bulbs)can be Exception: Where the mounting surface might become consider- obtained within 2 weeks. ably warmer or cooler than the room,such as a poorly insulated ceil- ing below an unfinished attic or an exterior wall,the detectors shall be 2-5.1.2 Interconnection of Detectors or Multiple Station Alarms. mounted on an inside wall. (a) Where the interconnected wiring is unsupervised, no more 2-5.2.2.4 In rooms with open joists or beams, all ceiling- than 18 multiple station alarms shall be interconnected in a multi- mounted detectors shall be located on the bottom of such joists or ple station configuration. (b) Where the interconnecting wiring is beams. supervised, the number of interconnected detectors shall be limit- 2-5.2.2.5* Detectors installed on an open jointed ceiling shall ed to 64. have their smooth ceiling spacing reduced where this spacing is 2-5.1.2.1 Interconnection that causes other alarms to sound shall measured at right angles to solid joists;in the case of heat detec- be limited to an individual family living unit. Remote annunci- tors, this spacing shall not exceed 1 l2 of the listed spacing. ation from single or multiple station alarms shall be permitted. 2-5.3 Wiring and Equipment. The installation of wiring and 2-5.1.2.2 No more than 12 smoke alarms shall be interconnected equipment shall be in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 76a in a multiple station connection. The remainder of the alarms shall be permitted to be of other types. 2-6 Maintenance and Tests. 2-5.2*Alarm and Detector Location and Spacing. 2-6.1*Maintenance. Where batteries are used as a source of en- ergy, they shall be replaced in accordance with the recommenda- 2-5.2.1 Smoke Alarms and Smoke Detectors. tions of the alarm equipment manufacturer. 1-280 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Exception:Batteries described in 2-3.3(h). operation of the detector other than to cause the omission of the 2-6.2* Tests. supplementary feature. 2-6.2.1 Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alarms. Homeown- 9102.5[For SFM]UL 268A, 1998 Edition. ers shall inspect and test smoke alarms and all connected ap- Amend Section 27.1, Exception F, as follows: pliances in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions at F. A circuit for a supplementary signal annunciator, signal- least monthly. sounding appliance, motor controller or similar appliance,pro- 2-6.2.2 Fire Alarm Systems. Homeowners shall test systems in vided that a break, short or ground fault in no way affects the accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and shall have operation of the air duct smoke detector, except for omission of every household fire alarm system having a control panel tested the supplementary feature. by a qualified service technician at least every 3 years. This test 9102.6[For SFM]UL 864, 1996 Edition amend as follows: shall be conducted according to the methods of Chapter 7. Amend Figure No.3-1 on page 7 as follows: 2-7 Markings and Instructions. All household fire warning RETARD-RESET-RESTART PERIOD-MAXIMUM 30 SEC- equipment or systems shall be plainly marked with the following ONDS information on the unit:(a)Manufacturer's or listee's name, ad- dress, and model number;(b)A mark or certification that the unit Amend Section 6.2 as follows: has been approved or listed by a testing laboratory;(c)Electrical rating (where applicable);(d)Temperature rating(where appli- If an alarm verification feature is provided, the maximum re- cable); (e)Spacing rating(where applicable); (f) Operating in- lard-reset period before an alarm signal can be confirmed and cable); (e (g)Test instructions; a Maintenance instructions; n- indicated at the control unit, including any control unit reset time strucReplacement and service instructions. and the power-up time for the detector to become operational for alarm, shall not exceed 30 seconds. (The balance of the section Exception: Where space limitations prohibit inclusion of 2-7(g), text is to remain unchanged.) (h),and(i),a label or plague suitable for permanent attachment within the living unit,or a manufacturer's manual,shall be provided with the Delete exception to Section 6.5. equipment and referenced on the equipment.to the case of a household fire warning system,the required information shall be prominently dis- Add a Section 6.7 as follows: played at the control panel. 6.7 Smoke detectors connected to an alarm verification feature Sec. 2-4.2.1 The alarm verification feature shall not be used for shall not be used as releasing devices. household fire warning equipment. EXCEPTION: Smoke detectors, which operate their releasing Add to Section 3-8.4.1.3.5.5.1 as follows: function immediately upon alarm actuation independent of alarm veri- fication feature. Sec. 3-8.4.1.3.5.5.1. Special fire alarm provisions for occupan- Amend Section 21.22 as follows: cies having floors used for human occupancy located more than 75 feet(22 860 mm)above the lowest level of the fire department The maximum retard-reset-restart period of alarm verification vehicle access,are found in Title 24,Part 2, Chapter 4,of the Cal- to a system control unit, including anytime delay due to system ifornia Building Code. Those provisions include providing a cen- reset and power-up time of the smoke detectors to become opera- tral control station. The requirements provided for, in a fire tional for alarm, shall not exceed 30 seconds. (The balance of the command center,may be included within the central control sta- section text is to remain unchanged.) tion. Amend Section 49.1.14 as follows: 9102.3[For SFM]UL 2I7,I997 UL 217,1997 Edition amend as THIS UNIT INCLUDES AN ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE follows: THAT WILL RESULT IN A DELAY OF THE SYSTEM ALARM SIGNAL FROM THE INDICATED CIRCUITS. THE TOTAL Add a Section 6A.I as follows: DELAY(CONTROL UNIT PLUS SMOKE DETECTOR)SHALL Sec. 6A.1. Each single-and multiple-station smoke alarm may NOT EXCEED 30 SECONDS. (The balance of the section text is be provided with an automatically resettable alarm silencing to remain unchanged.) means that has a fixed or variable time setting and that silences 9102.7[For SFM]NFPA 13, 1999 Edition. the smoke alarm for a maximum of 15 minutes. Alarm silencing shall not disable the smoke alarm.It may reduce the sensitivity to 6-4.5.8 Add a sentence after the first sentence as follows: no more than 4 percent obscuration(0.0177 O.D.per foot). Each Where pipe is used for sway bracing, it shall have a wall thickness device shall operate a distinctive audible trouble signal while in of not less than Schedule 40. the silence mode. This may be done with a short beep similar to the low-battery signal or by visible indication.Following the si- Revise the Exception to 6-4.5.8.5 as follows: lenced period, the smoke alarm shall restore automatically to its intended operation. Silencing of one smoke alarm of a multiple- Materials, other than pipe, not specifically included in Table station system shall not prevent an alarm operation from the oth- char ... (The balance of the exception text is to remain un- er smoke alarm in the system. See paragraphs 33.10 and 33.11. changed.) 9102.4[For SFM]UL 268, 1996 Edition. Also, delete the Exception No. I of Section 6--4.5.9 and renum- ber Exception No. 2 to No.I Amend Section 26.2 F as follow: Also, delete the portion of Table 6-4.5.9 related to lag screws. F. A circuit for a supplementary signal annunciator, signal- Adopt entire Section 6-4.7.4 sounding appliance, motor controller, or similar appliance,pro- vided that a break, short or ground fault in no way affects the 1-281 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX I-A APPENDICES PART IX Division I - Existing Buildings APPENDIX I-A LIFE-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS (See UFC Sections 102 and 1202.1) SECTION 1 —GENERAL shall have walls and ceilings of not less than one-hour fire-resis- tive construction as required by the Building Code.Existing walls 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of Appendix I-A is to provide a rea- surfaced with wood lath and plaster in good condition or 1/2-inch sonable degree of safety to persons occupying existing buildings (12.7 mm)gypsum wallboard or openings with fixed wired glass by providing for alterations to such existing buildings which do set in steel frames are permitted for corridor walls and ceilings not comply with the minimum requirements of the Uniform and occupancy separations when approved. Doors opening into Building Code. such corridors shall be protected by 20-minute fire assemblies or EXCEPTION: Group U Occupancies and occupancies regulated solid wood doors not less than 13/4 inches(45 mm)thick.Where by Appendix I-13,and Group R,Division 3 Occupancies,except that the existing frame will not accommodate the 13/4-inch-thick(45 Group R,Division 3 occupancies shall comply with Section NO TAG. mm) door, a 13/8-inch-thick (35 mm) solid bonded wood core 1.2 Effective Date. Within 18 months after the effective date of door or equivalent insulated steel door shall be permitted.Doors Appendix I-A,plans for compliance shall be submitted and ap- shall be self-closing or automatic-closing by smoke detection. proved, and within 18 months thereafter the work shall be com- Transoms and openings other than doors from corridors to rooms pleted or the building shall be vacated until made to conform. shall comply with the Building Code or shall be covered with a ' minimum of 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)plywood or 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard or equivalent material on the room side. SECTION 2 —MEANS OF EGRESS EXCEPTION: Existing corridor walls, ceilings and opening 2.1 Number of Means of Egress. Every floor above the first protection not in compliance with the above may be continued when story used for human occupancy shall have access to at least two such buildings are protected with an approved automatic sprinkler sys- tem throughout.Such sprinkler system may be supplied from the do- separate means of egress,one of which may be an exterior fire es- mestic water system if it is of adequate volume and pressure. cape complying with Section 2.4. Subject to the approval of the chief,an approved ladder device may be used in lieu of a fire es- 2.4 Fire Escapes. cape when the construction feature or location of the building on 1. Existing fire escapes which in the opinion of the chief com- the property makes the installation of a fire escape impracticable. ply with the intent of Section 2.4 may be used as one of the re- EXCEPTION: In all occupancies, second stories with an occu- quired means of egress. The location and anchorage of fire pant load of 10 or less may have one means of egress. escapes shall be of approved design and construction. An exit ladder device when used in lieu of a fire escape shall 2. Fire escapes shall comply with the following: comply with the Building Code and the following: Access from a corridor shall not be through an intervening 1. Serves an occupant load of 10 or less or a single dwelling room. unit or guest room. All openings within 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be protected by 2. The building does not exceed three stories in height. three-fourths-hour fire assemblies.When located within a recess 3. The access is adjacent to an opening as specified for emer- or vestibule, adjacent enclosure walls shall not be of less than gency egress or rescue or from a balcony. one-hour fire-resistive construction. 4. Shall not pass in front of any building opening below the Egress from the building shall be by a clear opening having a unit being served. minimum dimension of not less than 29 inches (737 nun). Such openings shall be openable from the inside without the use of a 5. The availability of activating the device for the ladder is ac- key or special knowledge or effort.The sill of an opening giving cessible only from the opening or balcony served. access shall not be more than 30 inches(762 mm)above the floor 6. So installed that it will not cause a person using it to be with- of the building or balcony. in 6 feet(1829 mm)of exposed electrical wiring. Fire escape stairways and balconies shall support the dead load 2.2 Stair Construction. All required stairs shall have amini- plus alive load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot(4.78 mum run of 9 inches (229 mm and a maximum rise of 8 inches kN/m2)and shall be provided with a top and intermediate handrail mm) and shall have a minimum width of 30 inches (762 on each side.The pitch of the stairway shall not exceed 60 degrees (203 s (203 exclusive of handrails. Every stairway shall have least with a minimum width of 18 inches (457 mm).Treads shall not be nun)one handrail.A landing having a minimum 30-inch(762 mm)run less than 4 inches in width and the rise between treads in the direction of travel shall be provided at each point of access shall not exceed 100 inches mm(254 mm). All stair and balcony rail- to the stairway. ings shall support a horizontal force of not less than 50 pounds per lineal foot(729.5 N/m)of railing. EXCEPTION: Fire escapes as provided for in Section 2.4. Exterior stairs shall be of noncombustible construction. Balconies shall not be less than 44 inches(11]8 mm)in width with no floor opening other than the stairway opening greater than EXCEPTION: On buildings of Types III,IV and v construction, 5/8 inch (16 mm) in width. Stairway openings in such balconies provided the exterior stairs are constructed of wood not less than 2-inch shall not be less than 22 inches by 44 inches (599 mm by 1118 (51 mm)nominal thickness. mm). The balustrade of each balcony shall not be less than 36 2.3 Corridors. Corridors of Groups A;B;E.F;K 1;M;R,Divi- inches (914 mm)high with not more than 9 inches(229 mm)be- sion 1;and S Occupancies serving an occupant load of 30 or more tween balusters. 1-282 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX I-A B Fire escapes shall extend to the roof or provide an approved area and not having a minimum of 20 square feet (1.86 m2)of B gooseneck ladder between the top floor landing and the roof when opening entirely above the adjoining ground level in each 50 lin- g serving buildings four or more stories in height having roofs with eal feet(15 240 mm)or fraction thereof of exterior wall on at least B less than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal(33.3%slope).Fire one side of the building.Openings shall have a minimum clear di- B escape ladders shall be designed and connected to the building to mension of 30 inches(762 mm). B withstand a horizontal force of 100 pounds per lineal foot(1459 If any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet B N/m);each rung shall support a concentrated load of 500 pounds (22 860 mm)from required openings,the basement shall be pro- B (2224 N)placed anywhere on the rung.All ladders shall be at least B 15 inches(381 mm)wide,located within 12 inches(305 mm)of vided with an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout. B the building and shall be placed flatwise relative to the face of the B building.Ladder rungs shall be 3/4 inch(19 mm)in diameter and B shall be located 12 inches(305 mm)on center.Openings for roof SECTION 5—STANDPIPES B access ladders through cornices and similar projections shall B have minimum dimensions of 30 inches by 33 inches(762 mm by Any buildings over four stories in height shall be provided with an B 838 mm). approved Class I or III standpipe system. B B The lowest balcony shall not be more than 18 feet(5486 nun) B from the ground.Fire escapes shall extend to the ground or be pro- B vided with counterbalanced stairs reaching to the ground. SECTION 6—SMOKE DETECTORS B Fire escapes shall not take the place of stairways required by B the codes under which the building was constructed. 6.1 General. Dwelling units and hotel or lodging house guest B rooms that are used for sleeping purposes shall be provided with B Fire escapes shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times smoke detectors. Detectors shall be installed in accordance with B and maintained in good working order. the approved manufacturer's instructions. B B 2.5 Exit and Fire Escape Signs. Exit signs shall be provided as s 6.2 Power Source. Smoke detectors may be battery operated or B required by the Building Code. B may receive their primary power from the building wiring when B EXCEPTION: The use of existing exit signs may be continued such wiring is served from a commercial source.Wiring shall be B when approved by the chief. permanent and without disconnecting switches other than those B All doors or windows providing access to a fire escape shall be required for over-current protection. B provided with fire escape signs. B 6.3 Locations within Dwelling Units.In dwelling units,detec- B SECTION 3—ENCLOSURE OF VERTICAL SHAFTS tors shall be mounted on the ceiling or wall at a point centrally lo- B Gated in the corridor or area giving access to each separate B Interior vertical shafts,including but not limited to stairways,ele- sleeping area.Where sleeping rooms are on an upper level,the de- B vator hoistways,and service and utility shafts,shall be enclosed rector shall be placed at the center of the ceiling directly above the B by a minimum of one-hour fire-resistive construction.All open- stairway.Detectors shall also be installed in basements of dwell- s ings into such shafts shall be protected with one-hour fire assem- ing units having stairways that open from the basement into the B blies that shall be maintained self-closing or be automatic closing dwelling. Detectors shall sound an alarm audible in all sleeping B by smoke detection. All other openings shall be fire protected in areas of the dwelling unit in which they are located. B an approved manner. Existing fusible link-type automatic door B closing devices may be permitted if the fusible link rating does not 6.4 Location in Efficiency Dwelling Units and Hotels. In effi- B exceed 135°F(57.2°C). ciency dwelling units, hotel suites and in hotel sleeping rooms, B EXCEPTIONS: I.In other than Group I Occupancies,an enclo- detectors shall be located on the ceiling or wall of the main room B or hotel sleeping room.When sleeping rooms within an efficiency sure will not be required for openings serving only one adjacent floor. P g P g Y B 2.Stairways need not be enclosed in a continuous vertical shaft if dwelling unit or hotel suite are on an upper level,the detector shall B each story is separated from other stories by one-hour fire-resistive be placed at the center of the ceiling directly above the stairway. B construction or approved wired glass set in steel frames.In addition,all When actuated,the detector shall sound an alarm audible within B corridors shall be sprinklered and the openings between the corridor the sleeping area of the dwelling unit,hotel suite or sleeping room Band occupant space shall have at least one sprinkler head above the in which it is located. B openings on the tenant side.The sprinkler system may be supplied B from the domestic water supply if of adequate volume and pressure. B B 3.Wrtical openings need not be protected if the building is protected Bby an approved automatic sprinkler system. SECTION 7—SEPARATION OF OCCUPANCIES B B SECTION 4—BASEMENT ACCESS OR SPRINKLER Occupancy separations shall be provided as specified in the B PROTECTION Building Code.When approved by the chief,existing wood lath B and plaster in good condition or 1/2-inch(12.7 mm)gypsum wall- B An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in board may be acceptable where one-hour occupancy separations Bbasements or stories exceeding 1,500 square feet (139.3 m2)in are required. s B B B s B B B B B B B B s B 1-283 2000 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX 1-B APPENDIX I-B LIFE-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS (See UFC Sections 102, 1202.1 and 1303.1) B SECTION 1 —SCOPE SECTION 6—SPECIFIC PROVISIONS AND S ALTERNATES B These provisions apply to existing high-rise buildings constructed Bprior to the adoption of Appendix I-B and which house Group B 6.1 Specific Provisions. The following provisions shall apply B offices or Group R,Division 1 Occupancies,each having floors when required by Table A-I-B-1: B used for human occupancy located more than 75 feet(22 860 mm) 1. Type of construction. Buildings classified as Type U-N, B above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. N or V-N construction shall beequipped with an a roved au- PP B tomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with the Fire ' B SECTION 2—GENERAL Code(see Section 9003,Standard n.2.9.). B Existing high-rise buildings as specified in Section 1 shall be mod- EXCEPTION: Installation of meters or backflow preventers for B the connection to the water works system need not be provided unless B ified to comply with not less than the minimum provisions speci- required by other regulations of the authority having jurisdiction. B 2. Automatic sprinklers. All required corridors, stairwells, fied in Table A-I-B-1 and as further enumerated within Appendix B B I-B' elevator lobbies,public assembly areas occupied by 100 or more B The provisions of Appendix I-B shall not be construed to allow persons and commercial kitchens shall be protected by an ap- B the elimination of fire-protection systems or a reduction in the lev- proved automatic sprinkler system meeting the design criteria of B el of firesafety provided in buildings constructed in conformance the Fire Code(see Section 9003,Standard n.2.9.).A minimum of , B with previously adopted codes. one sprinkler shall be provided on the room side of every corridor B opening. B BSECTION 3—COMPLIANCE DATA EXCEPTION: Sprinklers may be omitted in stairwells of non- B combustible construction. B After adoption of Appendix I-B, the chief shall duly notify the 3. Fire department communication system.When it is deter- B owners whose buildings are subject to the provisions of Appendix mined by test that the portable fire department communication B I-B. Upon receipt of such notice,the owner shall, subject to the equipment is ineffective, a communication system acceptable to Bfollowing time limits,take necessary actions to comply with the the fire department shall be installed within the existing high-rise B provisions of Appendix I-B. building to permit emergency communication between fire sup- B Plans and specifications for the necessary alterations shall be pression personnel. B filed with the chief within the time period established by the local 4. Single-station smoke detectors. Single-station smoke de- B jurisdiction after the date of owner notification.Work on the re- tectors shall be installed within all dwelling units or guest rooms in B quired alterations to the building shall commence within 30 accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. In B months of the date of owner notification and such work shall be dwelling units,the detector shall be mounted on the ceiling or wall B completed within five years from the date of owner notification, at a point centrally located in the corridor or area giving access to B The chief shall grant necessary extensions of time when it can each separate sleeping area.When sleeping rooms are located on S be shown that the specified time periods are not physically practi- an upper level,the detector shall be installed at the center of the B cal or pose an undue hardship. The granting of an extension of ceiling directly above the stairway within the unit.In efficiency B time for compliance shall be based on the showing of good cause dwelling units, hotel suites and in hotel guest rooms, detectors B and subject to the filing of an acceptable systematic progressive shall be located on the ceiling or wall of the main room or hotel B plan of correction with the chief. sleeping room.When actuated,the detector shall provide an audi- B ble alarm in the sleeping area of the dwelling unit, hotel suite or B guest room in which it is located. B SECTION 4— AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF Such detectors may be battery operated. B For the purpose of applying the provisions of Appendix I-B,the 5. Manual fire alarm system.An approved manual fire alarm B chief shall have the authority to consider alternative approaches system connected to a central,proprietary or remote station ser- B and grant necessary deviations from Appendix I-B as follows: vice,or an approved manual fire alarm system that will provide an B 1. Allow alternate materials or methods of compliance if such audible signal at a constantly attended location shall be provided. B alternate materials or methods of compliance will provide levels 6. Occupant voice notification system. An approved occu- B of fire and life safety equal to or greater than those specifically set pant voice notification system shall be provided. Such system B forth in Appendix I-B. shall provide communication from a location acceptable to the fire B 2. Waive specific individual requirements if it can be shown department and shall permit voice notification to at least all nor- Bthat such requirements are not physically possible or practical and mally occupied areas of the building. B that a practical alternative cannot be provided. The occupant voice notification system may be combined with B a fire alarm system provided the combined system has been ap- B SECTION 5—APPEALS BOARD proved and listed for such use.The sounding of a fire alarm signal B in any given area or floor shall not prohibit voice communication BAppeals of the determinations of the chief in applying the provi- to other areas or floors.Combination systems shall be designed to B sions of this code may be made by an appeal directed to the board permit voice transmission to override the fire alarm signal,but the B of appeals as established by Section 103.1.4 of this code. fire alarm shall not terminate in less than three minutes. 1-285 APPENDIX I-B 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 7. Vertical shaft enclosures. Openings through two or more 2. Stair shaft enclosures pressurized as required for mechanically B floors except mezzanine floors that contain a stairway or elevator operated pressurized enclosures to a minimum of 0.15-inch(3.8 mm) B shall be provided with vertical shaft enclosure protection as speci- and a maximum of 0.50-inch(125 kPa)water column. B fied herein. Such floor openings, when not enclosed by existing 13. Elevator shaft ventilation.Elevator shaft enclosures that B shaft enclosure construction,shall be protected by one-hour fire- extend to the roof shall be vented to the outside with vents whose B resistive-rated shaft enclosure construction. For floor openings area shall not be less than 31/2 percent of the area of the elevator B that are enclosed by existing shaft enclosure construction having shaft,with a minimum of 3 square feet(0.278 m2)per elevator. B fire-resistive capabilities similar to wood lath and plaster in good EXCEPTION: Where energy conservation or hoistway pressur- B condition, 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard or approved ization requires that the vents be normally closed,automatic venting by B 1/4-inch-thick(6.4 mm)wired glass is acceptable.Wired glass set actuation of an elevator lobby detector or power failure may be accept- B ed. B in a steel frame may be installed in existing shaft enclosure walls B but shall be rendered inoperative and be fixed in a closed position. 14. Posting of elevators.A permanent sign shall be installed in B each elevator cab adjacent to the floor status indicator and at each B Openings through two or more floors for other than stairways or elevator call station on each floor reading IN FIRE EMER- B elevators,such as openings provided for piping,ducts,gas vents, GENCY, DO NOT USE ELEVATOR-USE EXIT STAIRS, or B dumbwaiters,and rubbish and linen chutes,shall be provided with similar wording approved by the chief. B vertical shaft enclosure protection as specified for stairways and B elevators. EXCEPTION: Sign may be omitted at the main entrance floor- B level call station. B EXCEPTION: Openings forpiping,ducts, as vents,dumbwait- B g 15. Exit stairways.All buildings shall have a minimum of two e ers,and rubbish and linen chutes of copper or ferrous construction are B approved exit stairways. B permitted without a shaft enclosure provided the floor openings are ef- B fectively fire stopped at each floor level. 16. Corridor construction. Corridors serving as an exit ac- B 8. Shaft enclosure opening protection. Openings other than cess for an occupant load of 30 or more shall have walls and ceil- B those provided for elevator doors in new vertical shaft enclosures ings of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction as B constructed of one-hour fire-resistive construction shall be required by the Building Code. Existing walls may be surfaced B equipped with approved fire assemblies having a fire-protection with wood lath and plaster in good condition or 1/2-inch(12.7 mm) B rating of not less than one hour. Openings other than those pro- gypsum wallboard for corridor walls and ceilings and occupancy B vided for elevator doors in existing vertical shaft enclosures shall separations when approved. B be equipped with approved 20-minute-rated fire assemblies, 17. Corridor openings.Openings in corridor walls and ceil- B 13/4-inch (44 mm) solid wood doors or the equivalent thereto. ings shall be protected by not less than 13/8-inch(35 mm) solid B Doors shall be either self-closing or automatic closing and auto- bonded wood-core doors,approved 1/4-inch-thick(6.4 mm)wired B matic latching. glass, approved fire dampers conforming to the Building Code B All elevators on all floors shall open into elevator lobbies that (see U13C Standard NO TAG)or by equivalent protection in lieu B are separated from the remainder of the building as is required for of any of these items.Transoms shall be fixed closed and covered B corridor construction in the Building Code,unless the building is with 1/2-inch(12.7 mm)Type X gypsum wallboard or equivalent B material installed on both sides of the o enin protected throughout by a sprinkler system. P g B 9. Manual shutoff of HVAC systems. Heating, ventilating 18. Corridor door closers.Exit doors into corridors shall be B and air conditioning systems shall be equipped with manual shut- equipped with self-closing devices or shall be automatic closing B off controls installed at an approved location when required by the by actuation of a smoke detector.When spring hinges are used as B fire department. the closing device,not less than two such hinges shall be installed B on each door leaf. B 10. Automatic elevator recall system. Elevators shall be B equipped with an approved automatic recall system as required by 19. Corridor dead ends. The length of dead-end corridorsB the Building Code. serving an occupant load of more than 30 shall not exceed 20 feet B (6096 mm). B 11. Unlocked stairway doors. Exit doors into exit stairway B 20. Interior finish.The interior finish in corridors,exit stair- B enclosures shall be maintained unlocked from the stairway side on B ways and extensions thereof shall comply with the Building Code B at least every fifth floor level.All unlocked doors shall bear a sign B (see UBC Chapter NO TAG). stating ACCESS ONTO FLOOR THIS LEVEL. B 21. Exit stairway illumination. When the building is occu Stairway doors may be locked, subject to the following condi- pied,exit stairways shall be illuminated with lights having an in- B tions: tensity of not less than 1 footcandle(10.8 lux)at the floor level. B 11.1 Stairway doors which are to be locked from the stairway Such lighting shall be equipped with an independent alternate B side shall have the capability of being unlocked simulta- source of power such as a battery pack or on-site generator. B neously without unlatching upon a signal from an ap- 22. Corridor illumination. When the building is occupied, B proved location, corridors shall be illuminated with lights having an intensity of not B 11.2 A telephone or other two-way communications system less than 1 footcandle(10.8 lux)at the floor level. Such lighting B connected to an approved emergency service which oper- shall be equipped with an independent alternate source of power B ates continuously shall be provided at not less than every such as a battery pack or on-site generator. B fifth floor in each required stairway. 23. Exit stairway exit signs. The location of exit stairways B 12. Stair shaft ventilation. Stair shaft enclosures which ex- shall be clearly indicated by illuminated exit signs.Such exit signs B tend to the roof shall be provided with an approved manually shall be equipped with an independent alternate source of power B openable hatch to the exterior having an area of not less than 16 such as a battery pack or an on-site generator or shall be of an ap- B square feet(1.486 in with a minimum dimension of 2 feet(610 proved self-illuminating type. B mm). 24. Exit signs.Illuminated exit signs shall be provided in all B EXCEPTIONS: 1.Stair shaft enclosures complying with the re- exitways and located in such a manner as to clearly indicate the B quirements for pressurized enclosures. direction of egress. Such exit signs shall be equipped with an inde- B 1-286 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX 1-B B B B B B pendent alternate source of power such as a battery pack or an on- Section 6.1,Item 7—Vertical shaft enclosures may be of non- B site generator or shall be of an approved self-illuminating type. rated construction for required exit stairway enclosures.Vertical B shaft enclosures of openings in floors provided for elevators,esca- B 25. Emergency plan.The management for all buildings shall establish and maintain a written fire and life-safety emergency lators and supplemental stairways shall not be required,provided B plan which has been approved by the chief.The chief shall devel- such openings are protected by an approved curtain board and wa- B op written criteria and guidelines upon which all plans shall be ter curtain sprinkler system. B based. Section 6.1,Item 8—Protection of openings in vertical shaft en- B closures may be nonrated but shall not be less than a 13/4-inch(44 B 26. Posting of emergency plan and exit plans.Copies of the min)solid-wood door or the equivalent thereto.Closing and latch- B emergency plan and exiting plans,including elevator and stairway ing hardware shall be provided. B placarding,shall be posted in locations approved by the chief. B Section 6.1,Item 10—An automatic elevator recall system shall B 27. Fire drills.The management of all buildings shall conduct not be required. B fire drills for their staff and employees at least every 120 days.The B fire department shall be advised of such drills at least 24 hours in Section 6.1, Item 12—Stair shaft ventilation shall not be re- B advance.A written record of each drill shall be maintained in the quired. B building management office and made available to the fire depart- Section 6.1,Item 16—Existing corridor construction need not B ment for review. See also Section 1301. be altered. B B 6.2 Sprinkler Alternatives. The requirements of Table A-I-B-1 Section 6.1,Item 17—Door openings into corridors may be pro- B may be modified as specified by the following for existing high- tected by assemblies other than those specified in Section 6.1,pro- B rise buildings of Type I,II-F.R.,II One-hour,III One-hour,IV or V vided an effective smoke barrier is maintained. Closing and B One-hour construction when an approved automatic sprinkler latching hardware shall be provided.Protection of duct penetra- B system is installed throughout the building in accordance with the tions is not required. B Fire Code(see Section 9003,Standard n.2.9.): Section 6.1,Item 19—The length of existing corridor dead ends B Section 6.1,Item 5—Manual fire alarm system shall not be re- shall not be limited. B quired. Section 6.1,Item 20—Interior finish in a means of egress may e Section 6.1,Item 6—Occupant voice notification system shall be reduced by one classification but shall not be less than Class III. B not be required;however,if the building is equipped with a public Installation of meters or backflow preventers for the connection B address system,the public address system shall be available for to the water works system need not be provided unless required by B use as an occupant voice notification system. other regulations of the authority having jurisdiction. B 1-287 APPENDIX I-B 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A-1-B-1---OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE1 GROUP R,DIVISION 1 Apartment Hotel GROUP B OFFICE Height Zonea2 ITEM REQUIRED 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 L Automatic sprinklers in buildings of Type II-N,III-N or V-N construction. See Section 6.1,Item 1. R R - R R - R R - 2.Automatic sprinklers in corridors,stairways,elevator lobbies,public assembly areas,kitchens and at doors opening to corridors.See Section 6.1,Item 2. R R R R R R R R R 3.Fire department communication system or radios.See Section 6.1,Item 3. R R R R R R R R R 4.Single-station smoke detectors.See Section 6.1,Item 4. R R R R R R NR NR NR 5.Manual fire alarm system.See Section 6.1,Item 5. R R R R R R R R R 6.Occupant voice notification system.See Section 6.1,Item 6. NR R R NR R R NR NR NR 7.Vertical shaft enclosure walls of one-hour fire resistance.See Section 6.1,Item 7. R R R R R R R R R 8.Protection of openings in vertical shaft enclosures by 20-minute-rated assemblies. See Section 6.1,Item 8. R R R R R R R R R 9.Manual shutoff of HVAC systems.See Section 6.1,Item 9. R R R R R R R R R 10.Automatic elevator recall system.See Section 6.1,Item 10. R R R R R R R R R IL Unlocked stairway doors every fifth floor.See Section 6.1,Item 11. R R R R R R NR R R 12.Stair shaft ventilation.See Section 6.1,Item 12. R R R R R R R R R 13.Elevator shaft ventilation.See Section 6.1,Item 13. R R R R R R R R R 14.Posting of elevators as not intended for exiting purposes.See Section 6.1,Item 14. R R R R R R R R R 15.Minimum of two exit stairways.See Section 6.1,Item 15. R R R R R R R R R 16.Corridor wall construction.See Section 6.1,Item 16. R R R R R R R R R 17.Protected corridor openings with 20-minute-rated assemblies or 13/4-inch (44 mm)solid wood door.See Section 6.1,Item 17. R R R R R R NR NR NR 18.Corridor doors equipped with self-closing devices.See Section 6.1,Item 18. R R R R R R NR NR NR 19.Corridor dead ends limited to 20 feet(6096 mm)maximum.See Section 6.1, Item 19. R R R R R R NR NR NR 20.Interior finish controlled in corridors,exit stairways and extensions thereof. See Section 6.1,Item 20. R R R R R R R R R 21.Exit stairway illumination.See Section 6.1,Item 21. R R R R R R R R R 22.Corridor illumination.See Section 6.1,Item 22. R R R R R R NR NR NR 23.Exit stairway exit signs.See Section 6.1,Item 23. R R R R R R R R R 24.Exit signs.See Section 6.1,Item 24. R R R R R R R R R 25.Emergency planning.See Section 6.1,Item 25. R R R R R R R R R 26.Posting of emergency instructions.See Section 6.1,Item 26. R R R R R R R R R 27.Fire drills.See Section 6.1,Item 27. NR NR NR R R R NR NR NR tR indicates provisions are required. NR indicates provisions are not required. ZHeight zones are established based on a building having a floor as measured to the top of the floor surface used for human occupancy located within the ranges of heights above the lowest level of the fire department vehicle access in accordance with the following: Height Zone No. 1: More than 75 feet(22 860 nun)but not in excess of 149 feet(45 415 mm). Height Zone No.2: More than 149 feet(45 415 mm)but not in excess of 399 feet(121.6 m). Height Zone No.3: More than 399 feet(121.6 m). 1-288 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX I-C APPENDIX I-C STAIRWAY IDENTIFICATION (See UFC Section 1210.4) SECTION 1 — SCOPE 3.3 Upper Terminus. The stairway's upper terminus, such as Signs to provide information to the occupants and fire department ROOF ACCESS or NO ROOF ACCESS, shall be placed under the stairway identification in 1-inch-high(25.4 mm)block letter- personnel to minimize confusion during emergencies shall be in ing with 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)stroke. accordance with Appendix I-C. 3.4 Floor Level Number. The floor level number shall be SECTION 2— GENERAL placed in the middle of the sign in 5-inch-high(127 mm)lettering with 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)stroke.The mezzanine levels shall have Standardized signs shall be provided in new and existing build- the letter"M"preceding the floor number.Basement levels shall ings that are four or more stories in height. Such signs shall be have the letter`B"preceding the floor number. installed in stairways to identify each stair landing and indicate the 3.5 Lower Terminus. The lower and upper terminus of the stair- upper and lower termination of the stairway. way shall be placed at the bottom of the sign in 1-inch-high(25.4 mm)block lettering with 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)stroke. SECTION 3— SIGN DETAILS 3.6 Maintenance. Signs shall be maintained in an approved 3.1 Size. Signs shall be a minimum 12 inches by 12 inches(305 manner. mm by 305 mm). 3.2 Stairway Location. The stairway location,such as STAIR 1 SECTION 4— EXAMPLES or WEST STAIR,shall be placed at the top of the sign in 1-inch- high(25.4 mm)block lettering with 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)stroke. See Figures A-I-C-1 and A-I-C-2 for examples. 1-inch(25.4 mm)size with 10 WEST STAIR 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)stroke _E 0 NO ROOF ACCESS 5-inch(127 mm)size with M 1 3/4-inch(19.1 mm)stroke 1-inch(25.4 mm)size with 132 THROUGH 24 1/4-inch(6.4 mm)stroke FIGURE A-1-C-1 12 inches (305 mm) STAIR 3 ROOF ACCESS 612 inches(305 mm) 1 THROUGH 12 FIGURE A-1-C-2 1-289 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-A Division II SPECIAL HAZARDS APPENDIX II-A SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS FIRE AREAS (See UFC Section 1101) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 5.2 Signs. Approved signs prohibiting entry by unauthorized persons and referring to Appendix II-A shall be placed on every The unrestricted use of grass-, grain-, brush- or forest-covered closed area. land in hazardous fire areas is a potential menace to life and prop- erty from fire and resulting erosion.Safeguards to prevent the oc- 5.3 Trespassing. Entering and remaining within areas closed currence of fires and to provide adequate fire-protection facilities and posted is prohibited. to control the spread of fire which might be caused by recreational, EXCEPTION: Owners and occupiers of private or public proper- residential,commercial,industrial or other activities conducted in ty within closed and posted areas,their guests or invitees,and local, hazardous fire areas shall be in accordance with Appendix H-A. state and federal public officers and their authorized agents acting in the course of duty. SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS SECTION 6—SMOKING For the purpose of Appendix H-A,certain terms are defined as fol- Lighting,igniting or otherwise setting fire to or smoking tobacco, lows: cigarettes,pipes or cigars in hazardous fire areas is prohibited. TRACER is any bullet or projectile incorporating a feature EXCEPTION: Places of habitation or within the boundaries of es- which marks or traces the flight of said bullet or projectile by tablished smoking areas or campsites as designated by the chief. flame, smoke or other means which results in fire or heat. SECTION 7—SPARK ARRESTERS TRACER CHARGE is any bullet or projectile incorporating a feature designed to create a visible or audible effect by means Chimneys used in conjunction with fireplaces,barbecues,inciner- which result in fire or heat and shall include any incendiary bullets ators or heating appliances in which solid or liquid fuel is used, and projectiles. upon buildings, structures or premises located within 200 feet (60 960 mm) of hazardous fire areas, shall be provided with a spark arrester constructed with heavy wire mesh or other noncom- SECTION 3—PERMITS bustible material with openings not to exceed 1/2 inch(12.7 mm). The chief is authorized to stipulate conditions for permits.Permits SECTION 8—TRACER BULLETS,TRACER shall not be issued when public safety would be at risk,as deter- CHARGES, ROCKETS AND MODEL AIRCRAFT mined by the chief. Tracer bullets and tracer charges shall not be possessed,fired or caused to be fired into or across hazardous fire areas. SECTION 4—RESTRICTED ENTRY Rockets,model planes,gliders and balloons powered with an The chief shall determine and publicly announce when hazardous engine,propellant or other feature liable to start or cause fire shall fire areas shall be closed to entry and when such areas shall again not be fired or projected into or across hazardous fire areas. be opened to entry. Entry on and occupation of hazardous fire areas,except public roadways,inhabited areas or established trails SECTION 9—EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING and camp sites which have not been closed during such time when the hazardous fire area is closed to entry,is prohibited. Explosives shall not be possessed,kept,stored,sold,offered for EXCEPTIONS: 1.Residents and owners of private property with- sale, given away, used, discharged, transported or disposed of in hazardous fire areas and their invitees and guests going to or being within hazardous fire areas except by permit from the chief. upon their lands. 2. Entry,in the course of duty,by peace or police officers,and other SECTION 10—FIREWORKS duly authorized public officers, members of a fire department and members of the United States Forest Service. Fireworks shall not be used or possessed in hazardous fire areas. The chief is authorized to seize,take,remove or cause to be re- SECTION 5—TRESPASSING ON POSTED moved fireworks in violation of Section NO TAG. PROPERTY EXCEPTION:Fireworks allowed by the chief under permit in ac- cordance with Section 7801.3 when not prohibited by applicable local 5.1 General. When the chief determines that a specific area or state laws,ordinances and regulations. within a hazardous fire area presents an exceptional and continu- ing fire danger because of the density of natural growth,difficulty SECTION 11 —APIARIES of terrain, proximity to structures or accessibility to the public, such areas shall be closed until changed conditions warrant ter- Lighted and smoldering material shall not be used in connection mination of closure.Such areas shall be posted as hereinafter pro- with smoking bees in or upon hazardous fire areas except by per- vided. mit from the chief. 1-291 APPENDIX II-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE SECTION 12—OPEN-FLAME DEVICES sisting of a clearing of not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in each direction from the outer circumference of such pole or tower dur- Welding torches, tar pots, decorative torches and other devices, ing such periods of time as designated by the chief.EXCEPTION: machines or processes liable to start or cause fire shall not be oper- Lines used exclusively as telephone,telegraph,messenger call,alarm trans- ated or used in or upon hazardous fire areas,except by permit from mission or other lines classed as communication circuits by a public utility. the chief. EXCEPTION: Use within habited premises or designated camp- 15.3 Electrical Distribution and Transmission Line Clear- sites which are a minimum of 30 feet(9144 mm)from grass-,grain-, ances. brush-or forest-covered areas. 15.3.1 General. Clearances between vegetation and electrical Flame-employing devices, such as lanterns or kerosene road lines shall be in accordance with Section 15.3. flares,shall not be operated or used as a signal or marker in or upon 15.3.2 Trimming clearance.At the time of trimming,clearances hazardous fire areas. not less than those established by Table A-II-A-1 should be pro- EXCEPTION: The proper use of fusees at the scenes of emergen- vided. The radial clearances shown below are minimum clear- cies or as required by standard railroad operating procedures. ances that should be established,at time of trimming,between the vegetation and the energized conductors and associated live parts. SECTION 13—OUTDOOR FIRES EXCEPTION:The chief is authorized to establish minimum clear- ances different than those specified in Table A-II-A-1 when evidence Outdoor fires shall not be built,ignited or maintained in or upon substantiating such other clearances is submitted to the chief and ap- hazardous fire areas,except by permit from the chief. proved. EXCEPTION: Outdoor fires within habited premises or desig- 15.3.3 Minimum clearance to be maintained. Clearances not nated campsites where such fires are built in a permanent barbecue, less than those established by Table A-H-A-2 shall be maintained portable barbecue,outdoor fireplace,incinerator or grill and are a mini- during such periods of time as designated by the chief. The site mum of 30 feet(9144 mm)from a grass-,grain-,brush-or forest-cov- specific clearance achieved,at time of pruning,shall vary based erect area. on species growth rates,the utility company specific trim cycle, Permits shall incorporate such terms and conditions which will the potential line sway due to wind, line sway due to electrical reasonably safeguard public safety and property. Outdoor fires loading and ambient temperature,and the tree's location in prox- shall not be built,ignited or maintained in or upon hazardous fire imity to the high voltage lines. areas under the following conditions: EXCEPTION:The chief is authorized to establish minimum clear- 1. When high winds are blowing, ances different than those specified by Table A-II-A-2 when evidence substantiating such other clearances is submitted to the chief and ap- 2. When a person age 17 or over is not present at all times to proved. watch and tend such fire,or 3. When public announcement is made that open burning is TABLE A-11-A-1—MINIMUM CLEARANCES BETWEEN prohibited. VEGETATION AND ELECTRICAL LINES AT TIME OF TRIMMING Permanent barbecues,portable barbecues,outdoor fireplaces or ble barbtd MINIMUM RADIAL P P CLEARANCE FROM grills shall not be used for the disposal of rubbish,trash or combus- CONDUCTOR(feet) tible waste material. LINE VOLTAGE x304.8 mm 2,400-72,000 4 SECTION 14—INCINERATORS AND FIREPLACES 72,001-110,000 6 Incinerators, outdoor fireplaces, permanent barbecues and grills 110,001-300,000 10 shall not be built,installed or maintained in hazardous fire areas 300,001 or more 15 without prior approval of the chief. Incinerators, outdoor fireplaces, permanent barbecues and TABLE A-II-A-2—MINIMUM CLEARANCES BETWEEN ' grills shall be maintained in good repair and in a safe condition at VEGETATION AND ELECTRICAL LINES TO BE MAINTAINED all times.Openings in such appliances shall be provided with an approved spark arrester,screen or door. MINIMUM(inches) EXCEPTION: When approved, unprotected openings in barbe- x 25.4 mm cues and grills necessary for proper functioning. LINE VOLTAGE 750-35,000 6 SECTION 15—CLEARANCE OF BRUSH AND 35,001-60,000 12 VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES 60,001-115,000 19 15.1 General. Clearance of brush and vegetative growth from 115,001-230,000 301/2 electrical transmission and distribution lines shall be in accor- 230,001-500,000 115 dance with Section 15.EXCEPTION:Section 15 does not authorize per- sons not having legal right of entry to enter on or damage the property of others 15.3.4 Electrical power line emergencies.During emergencies, without consent of the owner. the utility company shall perform the required work to the extent 15.2 Support Clearance.Persons owning,controlling,operating necessary to clear the hazard. An emergency can include situa- or maintaining electrical transmission or distribution lines shall tions such as trees falling into power lines,or trees in violation of have an approved program in place that identifies poles or towers Table A-II-A-2. with equipment and hardware types that have a history of becom- 15.4 Correction of Condition.The chief is authorized to give no- ing an ignition source,and provides a combustible free space con- tice to the owner of the property on which conditions regulated by 1-292 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-A Section 15 exist to correct such conditions. If the owner fails to ment thereof may be suspended and reasonable alternative mea- correct such conditions,the legislative body of the jurisdiction is sures shall be provided. authorized to cause the same to be done and make the expense of such correction a lien on the property where such condition exists. SECTION 19—DUMPING Garbage, cans, bottles, papers, ashes, refuse, trash, rubbish or SECTION 16—CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR combustible waste material shall not be placed, deposited or VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM STRUCTURES dumped in or upon hazardous fire areas or in,upon or along trails, 16.1 General. Persons owning, leasing, controlling, operating roadways or highways in hazardous fire areas. or maintaining buildings or structures in,upon or adjoining haz- EXCEPTION: Approved public and private dumping areas. ardous fire areas,and persons owning,leasing or controlling land adjacent to such buildings or structures,shall at all times: SECTION 20—DISPOSAL OF ASHES 1. Maintain an effective firebreak by removing and clearing Ashes and coals shall not be placed, deposited or dumped in or away flammable vegetation and combustible growth from areas upon hazardous fire areas. within 30 feet(9144 mm)of such buildings or structures; EXCEPTIONS: 1.In the hearth of an established fire pit,camp EXCEPTION: Single specimens of trees,omamental shrubbery or stove or fireplace. similar plants used as ground covers,provided that they do not form a 2. In a noncombustible container with a tightfitting lid,which is means of rapidly transmitting fire from the native growth to any strut- kept or maintained in a safe location not less than 10 feet(3048 mm) ture• from combustible vegetation or structures. 2. Maintain additional fire protection or firebreak by removing 3. Where such ashes or coals are buried and covered with 1 foot brush, flammable vegetation and combustible growth located (304.8 rum)of mineral earth not less than 25 feet(7620 rum)from com- from 30 feet to 100 feet(9144 mm to 30 480 mm)from such build- bustible vegetation or structures. ings or structures,when required by the chief because of extraha- zardous conditions causing a firebreak of only 30 feet(9144 rum) SECTION 21 —USE OF FIRE ROADS AND to be insufficient to provide reasonable firesafety; FIREBREAKS EXCEPTION: Grass and other vegetation located more than 30 Motorcycles,motor scooters and motor vehicles shall not be driv- feet(9144 nun)from buildings or structures and less than 18 inches en or parked upon,and trespassing is prohibited upon,fire roads or (457 rum)in height above the ground need not be removed where nec- essary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion. firebreaks beyond the point where travel is restricted by a cable, 3. Remove portions of trees which extend within 10 feet(3048 gate or sign,without the permission of the property owners.Ve- mm)of the outlet of a chimney; hicles shall not be parked in a manner which obstructs the entrance to a fire road or firebreak. 4. Maintain trees adjacent to or overhanging a building free of EXCEPTION: Public officers acting within their scope of duty. deadwood;and Radio and television aerials, guy wires thereto, and other ob- 5. Maintain the roof of a structure free of leaves,needles or oth- structions shall not be installed or maintained on fire roads or fire- er dead vegetative growth. breaks unless located 16 feet(4877 mm)or more above such fire road or firebreak. 16.2 Corrective Actions. The executive body is authorized to instruct the chief to give notice to the owner of the property upon which conditions regulated by Section 16.1 exist to correct such SECTION 22—USE OF MOTORCYCLES, MOTOR conditions.If the owner fails to correct such conditions,the execu- SCOOTERS AND MOTOR VEHICLES tive body is authorized to cause the same to be done and make the Motorcycles,motor scooters and motor vehicles shall not be oper- expense of such correction alien upon the property where such ated within hazardous fire areas,without a permit by the chief,ex- condition exists. cept upon clearly established public or private roads.Permission from the property owner shall be presented when requesting a per- SECTION 17—CLEARANCE OF BRUSH OR mit. VEGETATIVE GROWTH FROM ROADWAYS SECTION 23—TAMPERING WITH FIRE The chief is authorized to cause areas within 10 feet(3048 mm)on DEPARTMENT LOCKS, BARRICADES AND SIGNS each side of portions of highways and private streets which are im- proved, designed or ordinarily used for vehicular traffic to be Locks,barricades,seals,cables,signs and markers installed with- cleared of flammable vegetation and other combustible growth. in hazardous fire areas,by or under the control of the chief,shall The chief is authorized to enter upon private property to do so. not be tampered with,mutilated,destroyed or removed. EXCEPTION: Single specimens of trees,ornamental shrubbery Gates,doors,barriers and locks installed by or under the control or cultivated ground cover such as green grass,ivy,succulents or simi- of the chief shall not be unlocked. lar plants used as ground covers,provided that they do not form a means of readily transmitting fire. SECTION 24—LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE SECTION 18—UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES The expenses of fighting fires which result from a violation of Ap- pendix H-A shall be a charge against the person whose violation of If the chief determines that difficult terrain,danger of erosion or Appendix 11-A caused the fire.Damages caused by such fires shall other unusual circumstances make strict compliance with the constitute a debt of such person and are collectable by the chief in clearance of vegetation provisions of Sections NO TAG,NO TAG the same manner as in the case of an obligation under a contract, or NO TAG of Appendix 11-A undesirable or impractical,enforce- expressed or implied. 1-293 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX it-B APPENDIX II-B PROTECTION OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TANKS IN LOCATIONS SUBJECT TO FLOODING (See UFC Sections 7902.1.8.2.4 and 7902.6.7) SECTION 1 — PIPE CONNECTIONS is an ample and dependable water supply available at and below the maximum flood stage and installed such that more than 70 per- Pipe connections below the allowable liquid level in tanks shall be cent of storage capacity will be submerged at the maximum flood provided with valves or cocks located as close as practical to the stage shall be loaded with concrete or other approved loading ma- tank shell. Such valves and their connections and fittings to the terial sufficient to prevent movement of the tank when filled with tank shall not be of cast iron. flammable or combustible liquids and submerged by flood waters. SECTION 2--ABOVEGROUND TANKS 3.2 Locations without a Water Supply. At locations where there is not an ample or dependable water supply,the tank shall be 2.1 Vertical Tanks. Vertical tanks shall be installed as follows: loaded with concrete as required by Section 3.1,and,in addition, an emergency liquid supply sufficient to fill the tank during flood 1. Aboveground vertical storage tanks containing flammable stages shall be provided. or combustible liquid shall not be located such that the maximum allowable liquid level within the tank is below the established 3.3 Alternative Bank Loading. Where loading of underground maximum flood stage,unless the tank is provided with a guiding tanks with liquids is impractical because of the character of the structure,such as described in Section 5. contents or the use,tanks shall be safeguarded against movement 2. An ample and dependable public water supply shall be avail- when empty and when submerged by flood waters by loading with able at and below the established maximum flood stage,or facili- concrete or other approved solid loading material.Each such tank ties independent of a public water supply shall be provided for shall be constructed and installed such that it will safely resist ex- loading partially empty tanks with water. ternal pressures due to flood waters. 3. In addition to the preceding requirements,tanks located such 3.4 Capacity Limits. The capacity of newly installed tanks shall that more than 70 percent,but less than 100 percent,of the allow- not exceed 3,000 gallons(11 356 L).When installed,but before able liquid storage capacity will be submerged at the established backfilling, tanks and fittings shall be tested for tightness at not maximum flood stage shall be safeguarded by one of the following less than 5 pounds per square inch(34.5 kPa).Greater test pres- methods: sures shall be used when required by the chief for tanks subject to 3.1. Tank shall be raised or increased in height until the top ex- submergence in excess of 30 feet(9144 mm). tends above the maximum flood stage a distance equiva- 3.5 Pressure Equipment. Where tanks are not designed to resist lent to 30 percent or more of the allowable liquid storage external pressure,special provisions shall be provided to equalize capacity,provided, however,that the submerged part of the internal and external pressures on the tank to prevent deforma- the tank shall not exceed two and one-half times the diam- tion and resultant expulsion of flammable or combustible liquids. eter,or 3.2 Adequate noncombustible structural guides,designed to SECTION 4—INDEPENDENT WATER SUPPLY permit the tank to float vertically without loss of product, FACILITIES shall be provided. 4.1 General. At locations where an independent water supply is 2.2 Horizontal Tanks. Horizontal tanks shall be installed as fol- required,the supply shall be entirely independent of public power lows: and water supply.Independent sources of water shall be available 1. Independent water supply facilities shall be provided at when flood waters reach a level not less than 10 feet(3048 mm) locations where an ample and dependable public water supply is below the bottom of the lowest tank on a property. not available for loading partially empty tanks with water. 4.2 Location of Self-contained Power and Pumping Units. 2. Horizontal tanks located such that more than 70 percent of The self-contained power and pumping unit shall be located or de- the storage capacity will be submerged at the established maxi- signed such that pumping into tanks can be carried on continuous- mum flood stage shall be secured to a concrete or steel and con- ly throughout the rise in flood waters from a level 10 feet(3048 crete foundation of sufficient weight to produce adequate loading mm)below the lowest tank to the level of the potential flood stage. of tank when filled with flammable or combustible liquids. 4.3 Pump Sizing. Capacity of the pumping unit shall be such 3. Special provision shall be provided to equalize the internal that the rate of rise of water in tanks shall be equivalent to the es- and external pressures on the tank to prevent deformation of the tablished potential average rate of rise of flood waters at any stage. tank and resultant expulsion of flammable or combustible liquid. 4.4 Testing. Independent pumping units shall be tested periodi- 2.3 Other Types of Tanks. Spherical and spheroidal tanks shall cally to ensure that they are in satisfactory operating condition. be protected by applicable methods as specified for either vertical or horizontal tanks. SECTION 5—STRUCTURAL GUIDES SECTION 3—UNDERGROUND TANKS 5.1 General. Structural guides for holding floating tanks above their foundations shall be designed such that there will not be re- 3.1 Locations with a Water Supply. Underground tanks con- sistance to the free rise of a tank and shall be constructed of non- taining flammable or combustible liquids at locations where there combustible material. 1-295 APPENDIX 11-13 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 5.2 Minimum Design Strength. The strength of the structure 1. Where structural guides are provided for the protection of shall be adequate to resist lateral movement of a tank subject to a floating tanks,rigid connections between tanks and pipelines shall horizontal force in any direction equivalent to not less than be disconnected before the flood waters reach the bottom of the 25 pounds per square foot(1.2 kN/m2)acting on the projected ver- tank,unless control valves and their connections to the tank are of tical cross-sectional area of the tank. an approved type of extra-heavy construction designed to prevent 5.3 Additional Design Strength. Where tanks are situated on breakage between valve and tank. exposed points or bends in a shore line where swift currents in 2. Valves attached to tanks,other than those used in connection flood waters will be present, the structures shall be designed to with water-loading operations,shall be closed and locked. withstand a unit force of not less than 50 pounds per square foot 3. If a tank is equipped with a swing line,the swing pipe shall (2.4 kN/m2). be raised to and secured at its highest position. SECTION 6—SAFE PRACTICES SECTION 7—INSPECTIONS 6.1 Water Loading. Water loading shall be as follows: periodic inspections of plants where the storage of flammable or 1. The filling of a tank to be protected by water loading shall be combustible liquids is regulated by Appendix II-B shall be con- started as soon as flood waters reach a dangerous flood stage.The ducted to ensure the following: rate of filling shall be at least equal to the rate of rise of the flood 1. That flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks are waters,or the established average potential rate of rise. maintained in compliance with Appendix II-B. 2. Sufficient fuel to operate the water pumps shall be available 2. That detailed printed instructions of procedures to be fol- at all times to ensure adequate power to fill all tanks with water. lowed during flood emergencies are properly posted. 3. Valves on connecting pipelines shall be closed and locked in closed position when water loading is completed. 3.That station operators and other employees depended upon to carry out such instructions are thoroughly informed as to the loca- 6.2 Floating Tanks. Floating tanks shall be prepared for flood- tion and operation of valves and other equipment necessary to ing as follows: carry out provisions in Appendix II-B. 1-296 2000 UNIFORM FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-C APPENDIX II-C MARINAS (See UFC Sections 1001.1 and 1101.1) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 5.4 Rubbish Containers. Containers with tightfitting or self- closing lids shall be provided for the temporary storage of com- Marina facilities shall be in accordance with Appendix II-C and bustible trash or rubbish. all other applicable requirements of this code. 5.5 Electrical Equipment. Electrical equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with the Electrical Code as re- SECTION 2—PLANS AND APPROVALS quired for wet,damp and hazardous locations. Plans for marina fire-protection facilities shall be approved prior to installation. The work shall be subject to final inspection and SECTION 6— FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT approval after installation. 6.1 General. Piers,wharves,floats with facilities for mooring or SECTION 3—PERMITS servicing five or more vessels,and marine motor vehicle fuel-dis- pensing stations shall be equipped with fire-protection equipment Permits are required to use open-flame devices for maintenance or in accordance with Section 6. repair on vessels,floats,piers or wharves. 6.2 Standpipes. Permits are also required to use portable barbecues,braziers or 6.2.1 General. Portions of floats more than 250 feet (76 200 cooking devices on vessels,floats,piers or wharves. mm) from fire apparatus access and marine motor vehicle fuel- dispensing stations shall be provided with an approved Class II SECTION 4—DEFINITIONS wet standpipe system installed in accordance with the Building Code(see UBC Standard NO TAG)and Section 1004. For the purpose of Appendix II-C,certain terms are defined as fol- lows: 6.2.2 Hose stations. Hose stations shall be spaced to provide protection to all portions of floats or floating vessels.Hoses shall FLOAT is a floating structure normally used as a point of trans- be mounted on a reel or rack and enclosed within an approved cab- fer for passengers and goods, or both,for mooring purposes. inet.Hose stations shall be labeled FIRE HOSE EMERGENCY MARINA is any portion of the ocean or inland water,either nat- USE ONLY.Listed equipment shall be used. urally or artificially protected,for the mooring,servicing or safety 6.2.3 Fire department inlet connection. At the shore end,the of vessels and shall include artificially protected works,the public t or private lands ashore,and structures or facilities provided within waterline shall be equipped with not less than atwo-way 2 /2-inch the enclosed body of water and ashore for the mooring or servicing (63.5 mm)fire department inlet connection. of vessels or the servicing of their crews or passengers. 6.2.4 Areas subject to freezing. Waterlines shall normally be PIER is a structure built over the water,supported by pillars or dry where subject to freezing temperatures. piles, and used as a landing place,pleasure pavilion or similar pur- 6.3 Access and Water Supply. Piers and wharves shall be pro- pose. vided with fire apparatus access roads and water-supply systems VESSEL is watercraft of any type,other than seaplanes on the with on-site fire hydrants when required by the chief.Such roads water,used or capable of being used as a means of transportation. and water systems shall be provided and maintained in accordance Included in this definition are nontransportation vessels such as with Sections 902.2 and 903. houseboats and boathouses. 6.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers. One fire extinguisher having WHARF is a structure or bulkhead constructed of wood,stone, a minimum rating of 2A, 20-B:C, shall be provided at each re- concrete or similar material built at the shore of a harbor,lake or quired hose station. river for vessels to lie alongside of, and piers or floats to be an- chored to. Additional fire extinguishers,suitable for the hazards involved, shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Article 10 and UFC Standard 10-1. SECTION 5—FIRE PREVENTION 5.1 Combustible Debris. Combustible debris and rubbish shall SECTION 7—TRANSMISSION OF ALARMS not be deposited or accumulated on land beneath marina struc- tures,piers or wharves. Means shall be available for the immediate notification of the fire department. 5.2 Sources of Ignition. Open-flame devices used for lighting or decoration on the exterior of a vessel,float,pier or wharf shall be approved. SECTION 8—MARINE MOTOR VEHICLE 5.3 Flammable or Combustible Liquid Spills. Spills of flam- FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS mable or combustible liquids at or upon the water shall be reported Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall be in accor- immediately to the fire department or jurisdictional authorities. dance with Article 52. 1-297 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-D APPENDIX II-D RIFLE RANGES (See UFC Section 1101.1) SECTION 1 —PERMIT SECTION 4—INSPECTION AND DISPOSAL OF AMMUNITION A permit is required to establish,maintain or operate a rifle range. Ammunition shall be inspected and approved by the range officer Applications for permits shall be referred to the chief law enforce- before permission to fire or discharge the same is granted. Am- ment officer for approval. munition that will not fire or discharge or which is otherwise de- fective shall be surrendered to the range officer for safe disposal. SECTION 2—SUPERVISION BY RANGE OFFICER SECTION 5—PORTABLE FIRE APPLIANCES Rifle ranges shall be equipped with portable fire appliances and Rifle ranges shall not be operated or maintained without the super- other equipment required by the chief.Additional fire-prevention vision of a qualified range officer. measures required by the chief shall be provided. SECTION 6—REMOVAL OF VEGETATION SECTION 3—QUALIFICATIONS OF RANGE OFFICER Rifle ranges,including striking grounds,shall be completely clear of vegetation within a safe distance from the firing line. To qualify as a range officer,individuals shall demonstrate to the chief and chief law enforcement officer their knowledge of fire- SECTION 7—WARNINGS arms and ammunition,including the general rules of safety and the provisions of this code relative thereto. Qualified range officers Rifle ranges which are not fenced shall be posted with approved shall be issued a certificate of fitness upon completion of such warning posters or signs to notify and protect the public from qualification examination. danger. 1-299 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-E APPENDIX II-E HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLANS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENTS (See UFC Sections 8001.3.2 and 8001.3.3) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 3.2.1 General information. General information, including business name and address,emergency contacts,business activi- Hazardous materials inventory statements(HMIS)and hazardous ty,business owner or operator, SIC code, number of employees materials management plans(HMMP)which are required by the and hours,Dunn and Bradstreet number,and signature of owner, chief pursuant to Article 80 shall be provided for hazardous mate- operator or designated representative. rials in accordance with Appendix II-E. 3.2.2 General site plan. A general site plan drawn at a legible EXCEPTIONS: 1.Materials which have been satisfactorily dem- scale which shall include, but not be limited to, the location of onstrated not to present a potential danger to public health,safety or buildings, exterior storage facilities, permanent access ways, welfare, based upon the quantity or condition of storage,when ap- proved. evacuation routes,parking lots,internal roads,chemical loading 2.Chromium,copper,lead,nickel and silver need not be considered areas, equipment cleaning areas, storm and sanitary sewer ac- hazardous materials for the purposes of Appendix 11-E unless they are cesses,emergency equipment and adjacent property uses.The ex- stored in a friable,powdered or finely divided state. terior storage areas shall be identified with the hazard class and the Proprietary and trade secret information shall be protected un- maximum quantities per hazard class of hazardous materials der the laws of the state or jurisdiction having authority. stored. When required by the chief, information regarding the location of wells, flood plains, earthquake faults, surface water bodies and general land uses within 1 mile(1.609 km)of the facil- SECTION 2—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY ity boundaries shall be included. STATEMENTS(HMIS) 3.2.3 Building floor plan. A building floor plan drawn to a leg- 2.1 When Required. A separate HMIS shall be provided for ible scale which shall include,but not be limited to,hazardous ma- each building,including its appurtenant structures,and each exte- terials storage areas within the building and shall indicate rooms, rior facility in which hazardous materials are stored. doorways,corridors,means of egress and evacuation routes.Each hazardous materials storage facility shall be identified by a map The hazardous materials inventory statement shall list by haz- key which lists the individual hazardous materials, their hazard ard class all hazardous materials stored.The hazardous materials class and quantity present for each area. inventory statement shall include the following information for 3.2.4 Hazardous materials handling. Information showing each hazardous material listed: that activities involving the handling of hazardous materials be- e. Hazard class. tween the storage areas and manufacturing processes on site are 2. Common or trade name. conducted in a manner to prevent the accidental release of such materials. 3. Chemical name,major constituents and concentrations if a 3.2.5 Chemical compatibility and separation. Information mixture.If a waste,the waste category. showing procedures,controls,signs or other methods used to en- 4. Chemical Abstract Service number(CAS number)found in sure separation and protection of stored materials from factors 29 Code of Federal Regulations(C.F.R.). which could cause accidental ignition or reaction of ignitable, 5. Whether the material is pure or a mixture,and whether the reactive or incompatible materials in each area. material is a solid,liquid or gas. 3.2.6 Monitoring program. Information including,but not lim- 6. Maximum aggregate quantity stored at any one time. ited to,the location,type,manufacturer's specifications,if appli- cable, and suitability of monitoring methods for each storage 7. Storage conditions related to the storage type,temperature facility when required. and pressure. 3.2.7 Inspection and record keeping. Schedules and proce- 2.2 Changes to HMIS. An amended HMIS shall be provided dures for inspecting safety and monitoring and emergency equip- within 30 days of the storage of any hazardous materials which ment.The permittee shall develop and follow a written inspection changes or adds a hazard class or which is sufficient in quantity to procedure acceptable to the chief for inspecting the facility for cause an increase in the quantity which exceeds 5 percent for any events or practices which could lead to unauthorized discharges of hazard class, hazardous materials.Inspections shall be conducted at a frequen- cy appropriate to detect problems prior to a discharge.An inspec- tion check sheet shall be developed to be used in conjunction with SECTION 3—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS routine inspections. The check sheet shall provide for the date, MANAGEMENT PLAN (HMMP) time and location of inspection;note problems and dates and times of corrective actions taken;and include the name of the inspector 3.1 General. Applications for a permit to store hazardous mate- and the countersignature of the designated safety manager for the rials shall include an HMMP standard form or short form in accor- facility. dance with Section NO TAG and shall provide a narrative description of the operations and processes taking place at the fa- 3.2.8 Employee training. A training program appropriate to the cility.See Figure A-R-E-1. types and quantities of materials stored or used shall be conducted to prepare employees to safely handle hazardous materials on a 3.2 Information Required. The HMMP standard form shall in- daily basis and during emergencies.The training program shall in- clude the information detailed in Section 3.2. clude: 1-301 APPENDIX II-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 1.Instruction in safe storage and handling of hazardous materi- 1. General facility information, als,including maintenance of monitoring records, 2. A simple line drawing of the facility showing the location of 2.Instruction in emergency procedures for leaks,spills,fires or storage facilities and indicating the hazard class or classes and explosions,including shutdown of operations and evacuation pro- physical state of the hazardous materials being stored, cedures,and 3. Information describing that the hazardous materials will be 3.Record-keeping procedures for documenting training given stored and handled in a safe manner and will be appropriately con- to employees. tained, separated and monitored,and 4. Assurance that security precautions have been taken, em- 3.2.9 Emergency response. A description of facility emergency ployees have been appropriately trained to handle the hazardous procedures is to be provided. materials and react to emergency situations,adequate labeling and warning signs are posted, adequate emergency equipment is 3.3 HMMP Short Form—(Minimal Storage Site). A facility maintained, and the disposal of hazardous materials will be in an shall qualify as a minimal storage site if the quantity of each haz- appropriate manner. ardous material stored in one or more facilities in an aggre- gate quantity for the facility is 500 pounds(227 kg)or less for sol- SECTION 4—MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS ids,55 gallons(208.2 L)or less for liquids,or 200 cubic feet(5.7 m3)or less at NTP for compressed gases and does not exceed the Hazardous materials inventory statements and hazardous materi- threshold planning quantity as listed in 40 C.F.R.,Part 355,Sec- als management plans shall be maintained by the permittee for a tions 302 and 304.The applicant for a permit for a facility which period of not less than three years after submittal of updated or re- qualifies as a minimal storage site is allowed to file the short form vised versions. Such records shall be made available to the chief HMMP. Such plan shall include the following components: upon request. 1-302 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-E FIGURE A-II-E-1 SAMPLE FORMAT HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN (HMMP) INSTRUCTIONS SECTION I—FACILITY DESCRIPTION 1.1 Part A 1. Fill out Items 1 through 11 and sign the declaration. 2. Only Part A of this section is required to be updated and submitted annually,or within 30 days of a change. 1.2 Part B--General Facility Description (Site Plan) 1. Provide a site plan on 81/2-by 11-inch(215 mm by 279 mm)paper,using letters on the top and bottom margins and numbers on the right and left side margins,showing the location of all buildings,structures,chemical loading areas,parking lots,internal roads,storm and sanitary sewers,wells,and adja- cent property uses.Indicate the approximate scale,northern direction and date the drawing was completed. 2. List all special land uses within 1 mile(1.609 km). 1.3 Part C—Facility Storage Map(Confidential In- formation) 1. Provide a floor plan of each building on 81/2-by 11-inch(215 mm by 279 mm)paper,using letters on the top and bottom margins and numbers on the right and left side margins,with approximate scale and northern direction,showing the location of each storage area.Mark map clearly"Confidential—Do not disclose"for trade-secret information as specified by federal,state and local laws. 2. Identify each storage area with an identification number,letter,name or symbol. 3. Show the following: 3.1 Accesses to each storage area. 3.2 Location of emergency equipment. 3.3 The general purpose of other areas within the facility. 3.4 Location of all aboveground and underground tanks to include sumps,vaults,below-grade treatment systems,piping,etc. 4. Map key.Provide the following on the map or in a map key or legend for each storage area: 4.1 A list of hazardous materials,including wastes. 4.2 Hazard class of each hazardous waste. 4.3 The maximum quantity for hazardous materials. 4.4 Include the contents and capacity limit of all tanks at each area and indicate whether they are above or below ground. 4.5 List separately any radioactives,cryogens and compressed gases for each facility. 4.6 Trade-secret information shall be listed as specified by federal,state and local laws. SECTION H—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT(HMLS) 2.1 Part A—Declaration Fill out all appropriate information. 2.2 Part B—Inventory Statement 1. You must complete a separate inventory statement for all waste and nonwaste hazardous materials.List all hazardous materials in alphabetical order by hazard class. 2. Inventory Statement Instructions Column Information Required 1 Provide hazard class for each material. 2 Nonwaste.Provide the common or trade name of the regulated material. Waste.In lieu of trade names,you may provide the waste category. 3 Provide the chemical name and major constituents and concentrations,if a mixture. 4 Enter the chemical abstract service number(CAS number)found in 29 C.F.R.For mixtures,enter the CAS number of the mixture as a whole if it has been assigned a number distinct from its constituents.For a mixture that has no CAS number,leave this item blank or report the CAS numbers of as many constit- uent chemicals as possible. 5 Enter the following descriptive codes as they apply to each material.You may list more than one code,if applicable. P = Pure M= Mixture S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas 6 6.1 Provide the maximum aggregate quantity of each material handled at any one time by the business.For underground tanks,list the maximum volume [in gallons(liters)]of the tank. 6.2 Enter the estimated average daily amount on site during the past year. 7 Enter the units used in Column 6 as: LB = Pounds GA= Gallons CF = Cubic Feet 8 Enter the number of days that the material was present on site(during the last year). 9 Enter the storage codes below for type,temperature and pressure. 1-303 APPENDIX II-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Type Temperature A = Aboveground Tank 4 = Ambient B = Belowground Tank 5 = Greater than Ambient C = Tank inside Building 6 = Less than Ambient, D = Steel Drum but not Cryogenic[less than—150°F(-101.1°C)] E = Plastic or Nonmetallic Drum 7 = Cryogenic conditions F = Can [less than—150°F(-101.1°C)] G = Carboy H = Silo I = Fiber Drum Pressure J = Bag 1 = Ambient(Atmospheric) K = Box 2 = Greater than Ambient L = Cylinder (Atmospheric) M = Glass Bottle or Jug 3 = Less than Ambient N = Plastic Bottles or Jugs (Atmospheric) O = Tote Bin P = Tank Wagon Q = Rail Car R = Other 10 For each material listed,provide the SARA hazard class as listed below.You may list more than one class.These categories are defined in 40 C.F.R.370.3. Physical Hazards Health Hazards F = Fire I = Immediate(Acute) P = Sudden Release of Pressure D = Delayed(Chronic) R = Reactivity 11 Waste Only.For each waste,provide the total estimated amount of hazardous waste handled throughout the course of the year. SECTION III—SEPARATION AND MONITORING 3.1 Part A—Aboveground Fill out Items 1 through 6,or provide similar information for each storage area shown on the facility map.Use additional sheets as necessary. 3.2 Part B—Underground 1. Complete a separate page for each underground tank,sump,vault,below-grade treatment system,etc. 2. Check the type of tank and method(s)that applies to your tank(s)and piping,and answer the appropriate questions.Provide any additional information in the space provided or on a separate sheet. SECTION IV—WASTE DISPOSAL Check all that apply and list the associated wastes for each method checked. SECTION V—RECORD KEEPING Include a brief description of your inspection procedures.You are also required to keep an inspection log and recordable discharge log,which are designed to be used in conjunction with routine inspections for all storage facilities or areas.Place a check in each box that describes your forms.If you do not use the sample forms,provide copies of your forms for review and approval. SECTION VI—EMERGENCY-RESPONSE PLAN 1. This plan should describe the personnel,procedures and equipment available for responding to a release or threatened release of hazardous materials that are stored,handled or used on site. 2. A check or a response under each item indicates that a specific procedure is followed at the facility,or that the equipment specified is maintained on site. 3. If the facility maintains a more detailed emergency-response plan on site,indicate this in Item 5.This plan shall be made available for review by the inspecting jurisdiction. SECTION VII—EMERGENCY-RESPONSE TRAINING PLAN 1. This plan should describe the basic training plan used at the facility. 2. A check in the appropriate box indicates the training is provided or the records are maintained. 3. If the facility maintains a more detailed emergency-response training plan,indicate this in Item 4.This plan shall be made available for review by the inspect- ing jurisdiction. 1-304 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-E FIGURE A-II-E-1—(Continued) HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN SECTION I: FACILITY DESCRIPTION PART B—GENERAL FACILITY PART A—GENERAL INFORMATION DESCRIPTION/SITE PLAN 1.Business Name: Phone: (Use grid format below.) Address: Special land uses within 1 mile(1.609 km): 2.Person Responsible for the Business: Name Title Phone 3.Emergency Contacts: PART C—FACILITY MAP Name Title Home Work (Use grid format below.) Number Number A B C D E F G H I J K L M N 1 1 2 2 4.Person Responsible for the Application/Principal Contact: 3 3 Name Title Phone q q 5 5 5.Property Owner: 6 6 Name Address Phone T T B 9 6.Principal Business Activity: 9 9 7.Number of Employees: 10 10 8.Number of Shifts: tt tt 9.Hours of Operation: 12 t2 10.SIC Code: t3 13 11.Dunn and Bradstreet Number: tq 14 12.Declaration t5 is I certify that the information above and on the following parts is true and correct to the best of my knowledge. 16 16 Signature: Date: tT tT Print Name: Title: 7 A B C D E F G H I J K L I M I N (Must be signed by owner/operator or designated representative) BUSNESS NAME DATE ADDRESS Cr" PAGE_OF SECTION II: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT PART A—DECLARATION 1. Business Name: 2. Address: 3. Declaration: Under penalty of perjury,I declare the above and subsequent information,provided as part of the haz- ardous materials inventory statement,is true and correct. Signature: Date: Print Name: Title: (Must be signed by owner/operator or designated representative) PART B—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) MAX(6) M (a) (9) (10) (11) CHEMICAL NAME, CHEMICAL QUANTITY DAYS STORAGE CODE ANNUAL HAZARD COMMON/ COMPONENTS AND ABSTRACT PHYSICAL ON HAND AT ON (TYPE,PRES., SARA WASTE CLASS TRADE NAME CONCENTRATION SERVICE NO. STATE ANY TIME UNITS SITE TEMP.) CLASS THROUGHPUT 1-305 APPENDIX II-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE FIGURE A-II-E-1--(Continued) SECTION III: SEPARATION, SECONDARY CONTAINMENT AND MONITORING PART A—ABOVEGROUND STORAGE AREAS Storage Area Identification(as shown on facility 1. Storage Type: Original Containers Safety Cans Inside Machinery Bulk Tank 55-gallon(208.2 L) Outside Barrels Drums or Storage Shed Pressurized Vessel Other: 2. Storage Location: Inside Building Outside Building Secured 3. Separation: All Materials One-hour Separation Compatible Wall/Partition Separated by 20 Feet(6096 mm) Approved Cabinets Other: 4. Secondary Containment: Approved Cabinet Secondary Drums Tray Bermed,Coated Floor Vaulted Tank Double-wall Tank Other: 5. Monitoring: Visual Continuous Other: Attach specifications if necessary 6. Monitoring Frequency: Daily Weekly Other: Attach additional sheets as necessary SECTION III: SEPARATION, CONTAINMENT AND MONITORING PART B—UNDERGROUND SINGLE-WALL TANKS AND PIPING Tank Area Identification(as shown on facility map): 1. Backfill Vapor Wells— Model and Manufacturer: Continuous or Monthly Testing:____ 2. Groundwater Monitoring Wells 3. Monthly Precision Tank Test 4. Piping— Monitoring Method: Frequency: 5. Other: DOUBLE-WALL TANKS AND PIPING Tank Area Identification(as shown on facility map): 1.Method of monitoring the annular space: 2. Frequency: Continuous Daily Weekly Other: 3. List the type of secondary containment for piping:_____----_____ 4. List the method of monitoring the secondary containment for piping: 5. Are there incompatible materials within the same vault? Yes No If yes,how is separate secondary containment provided? Note:If you have continuous monitoring equipment,you shall maintain copies of all service and maintenance work.Such reports shall be made available for review on site,and shall be submitted to the fire prevention bureau upon request. Attach additional sheets as necessary 1-306 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-E SECTION IV: WASTE DISPOSAL Discharge to the Sanitary Pretreatment— Sewer—Wastes: Wastes: Licensed Waste Hauler— Recycle— Wastes: Wastes: Other— Describe Method: Wastes: No Waste SECTION V: RECORD KEEPING Description of our inspection program: We will use the attached sample forms in our inspection program We will not use the sample forms.We have attached a copy of our own forms. SECTION VI: EMERGENCY-RESPONSE PLAN 1. In the event of an emergency,the following shall be notified: A. On-site Responders: Name Title Phone B. Method of Notification to Responder: Automatic Alarm Phone Manual Alarm Verbal Other: C. Agency Phone Number Fire Department: State Office of Emergency: Services: Other: 2. Designated Local Emergency Medical Facility: Name Address Phone(24 hours) 3. Mitigation Equipment: A. Monitoring Devices: Toxic or flammable gas detection Fluid detection Other: B. Spill Containment: Absorbants Other: C. Spill Control and Treatment Vapor Scrubber Mechanical Ventilation Pumps/vacuums Secondary Containment Neutralizer Other: 1-307 APPENDIX II-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 4. Evacuation: Immediate area evacuation routes posted Entire building evacuation procedures developed Assembly areas preplanned Evacuation maps posted Other: 5. Supplemental hazardous materials emergency response plan on site. Location: Responsible Person: Phone: SECTION VII: EMERGENCY-RESPONSE TRAINING PLAN 1. Person responsible for the emergency-response training plan: Name Title Phone 2. Training Requirements: A. All employees trained in the following as indicated: Procedures for internal alarm/notification Procedures for notification of external emergency-response organizations Location and content of the emergency-response plan B. Chemical handlers are trained in the following as indicated: Safe methods for handling and storage of hazardous materials Proper use of personal protective equipment Locations and proper use of fire-and spill-control equipment Specific hazards of each chemical to which they may be exposed C. Emergency-response team members are trained in the following: Procedures for shutdown of operations Procedures for using,maintaining and replacing facility emergency and monitoring equipment 1 The following records are maintained for all employees: Verification that training was completed by the employee Description of the type and amount of introductory and continuing training Documentation on and description of emergency-response drills conducted at the facility 4. A more comprehensive and detailed emergency-response training plan is maintained on site. Location: Responsible Person: Phone: 1-308 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-F APPENDIX II-F SECONDARY CONTAINMENT FOR UNDERGROUND TANK SYSTEMS CONTAINING FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS (See UFC Section 7902.6.11) SECTION 1 —SCOPE an immediate hazard to persons or property for the purpose of ap- Secondary containment shall be provided for underground tank plying Section 7902.6.11. systems containing flammable and combustible liquids when re- 1. Tank systems that are located totally or partially under build- quired by the chief in accordance with Section 7902.6.11.Specific ings as allowed in Section 7902.6.3. circumstances warranting secondary containment shall include, 2. Tank systems that are located closer than 5 feet(1524 mm) but not be limited to,those specified in Appendix NO TAG. from a building without subgrade areas or the property line of a See C.F.R.Title 40,Part 280,and UFC Section 8001.4.5.1 for property that can be built upon. additional requirements related to secondary containment for 3. Tank systems that are located closer than 10 feet(3048 mm) tanks containing hazardous materials other than flammable and from any subgrade structure, including basements, crawlspaces, combustible liquids. utility vaults, trainways, subways or other confined spaces in which vapors could accumulate should a leak occur. SECTION 2—CIRCUMSTANCES WARRANTING 4. Tank systems located within or below the water table and SECONDARY CONTAINMENT within 50 feet(15 240 mm)of a known active well. 5. Tank systems located within or below the water table and Sites selected for the installation of underground storage tank sys- within 50 feet(15 240 mm)up-gradient of a location where the tems shall be carefully evaluated for the potential fire or explosion table intercepts the surface. hazards that would be present if a release of product occurred. Such analysis shall include the tank's size, location, product stored and potential receptors that could be impacted. SECTION 3—APPROVED METHODS OF Secondary containment shall be provided for tank systems in SECONDARY CONTAINMENT the following circumstances.Such circumstances are representa- For methods of secondary containment for tank systems,see Ar- tive,but not all inclusive,of cases where a leak would constitute ticle 90, Standard u.3.2. 1—909 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-H APPENDIX II-H SITE ASSESSMENTS FOR DETERMINING POTENTIAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION RISKS FROM UNDERGROUND FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TANK LEAKS (See UFC Section 7901.7.4) SECTION 1 —SCOPE propriate after a review of a Level I site assessment.A bevel Il site assessment shall be submitted to the fire department within 60 Site assessments for determining the potential fire or explosion days after being required by the chief.Periodic updates shall be risk from a leak, spill or discharge from an underground flam- provided when required by the chief during the time a Level II site mable or combustible liquid storage tank shall be in accordance assessment is being conducted. with Appendix II-H. For required site assessments, see Sec- tion 7901.7.4. 2.2.2 Components. A Level H site assessment shall include: Based on information available,the chief is authorized to deter- 1. The type and known or estimated quantity of product leaked, mine what level of site assessment to require after evaluating the extent of the spill,potential receptors,nature of product stored and 2. The geology and hydrology of the leak site and surrounding any other pertinent information. area, 3. Buildings, underground structures, utilities and water SECTION 2--SITE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA sources which could be impacted, 2.1 Level I Site Assessment. 4. A prediction of plume movement,speed and direction, 2.1.1 General. A Level I site assessment shall be provided when 5. The extent and severity of current contamination, a minor leak is indicated through monitoring or other means or when a surface spill occurs.A Level I site assessment shall be sub- 6. Other possible sources of contamination, mitted to the fire department within 10 days after being required 7. Current and potential degree of fire and explosion hazards, by the chief. and 2.1.2 Components. A Level I site assessment shall include: g. Mitigation plans for current and potential fire and explosion 1. The reason that a leak or release occurred or is suspected, hazards. 2. The results of equipment tests or analyses done, 3. The estimated extent of leaks,releases or spills found,and SECTION 3—SITE ASSESSMENT RECORDS 4. Mitigation actions taken. 2.2 Level II Site Assessment. Level I and Level H site assessments submitted to the fire depart- ment shall become the property of the department and shall be 2.2.1 General. A Level H site assessment shall be provided maintained as public records for such a period as deemed neces- when there is evidence of a large leak or spill,or when deemed ap- sary by the department. 1-311 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX 11-1 APPENDIX II-1 OZONE GAS-GENERATING EQUIPMENT SECTION 1 —SCOPE 4.3 Ozone-generator Rooms. Ozone-generator rooms shall be mechanically ventilated with a minimum of six air changes per Equipment having a maximum ozone-generating capacity of hour. Exhausted air shall be directed to a treatment system de- 1/2 pound(0.23 kg)or more over a 24-hour period shall be in ac- signed to reduce the discharge concentration of gas to one half of cordance with Appendix II-I. the IDLH value at the point of discharge to the atmosphere or EXCEPTION:Ozone-generating equipment used in Group R,Di- ozone-generator rooms shall be equipped with a continuous gas- vision 3 Occupancies. detection system which will shut off the generator and sound a lo- cal alarm when concentrations above the permissible exposure SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS limit occur. Ozone-generator rooms shall not be normally occupied, and For the purpose of Appendix II-I,certain terms are defined as fol- such rooms shall be kept free of combustible and hazardous mate- lows: rial storage. Room access doors shall display an approved sign OZONE GENERATOR is equipment which causes the pro- stating,OZONE GAS GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC--OX- duction of ozone. IDIZER. SECTION 3—STANDARDS SECTION 5— PIPING VALVES AND FITTINGS The following standard is intended for use as a guide in the de- 5.1 General. Piping, valves, fittings and related components sign, fabrication,testing and use of equipment regulated by Ap- used to convey ozone shall be in accordance with Section pendix II-I: NO TAG. National Electric Manufacturers Association 5.2 Secondary Containment. Secondary containment,such as 2101 L Street,N.W. double-walled piping or exhausted enclosures, shall be provided Suite 300 for piping, valves, fittings and related components. Secondary Washington,DC 20037 containment shall be capable of directing a sudden release to an Standard 250,Enclosures for Electrical Equipment approved treatment system. EXCEPTION:Welded stainless steel piping and tubing. SECTION 4—LOCATION 5.3 Materials. Materials shall be compatible with ozone and 4.1 General. Ozone generators shall be located in approved shall be rated for the design operating pressures. cabinets or ozone-generator rooms in accordance with Section 5.4 Identification. Piping shall be identified "Ozone Gas— NO TAG. Highly Toxic—Oxidizer." EXCEPTION:A generator within an approved pressure vessel need not be in a cabinet or ozone-generator room when located outside SECTION 6—AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN of buildings. 4.2 Cabinets. Ozone cabinets shall be constructed of approved Ozone generators shall be designed to automatically shut down materials compatible with ozone in accordance with nationally under the following conditions: recognized standards. Cabinets shall display an approved sign 1. When the dissolved ozone concentration in the water being stating,OZONE GAS GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC—OX- treated is above saturation when measured at the point where the IDIZER. See Section NO TAG. water is exposed to the atmosphere, Cabinets shall be braced for seismic activity in accordance with 2. When the process using generated ozone is shut down, the Building Code. 3, Failure of the ventilation system for the cabinet or ozone- Cabinets shall be mechanically ventilated with a minimum of generator room,or six air changes per hour.Exhausted air shall be directed to a treat- 4. Failure of the gas-detection system. ment system designed to reduce the discharge concentration of the gas to one half of the IDLH value at the point of discharge to the atmosphere. SECTION 7— MANUAL SHUTDOWN The average velocity of ventilation at makeup air openings Manual shutdown controls shall be provided at the generator and, with cabinet doors closed shall not be less than 200 feet per min- if in a room,within 10 feet(3048 nun)of the main exit or exit-ac- ute(1.02 m/s). cess door. 1-313 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX II-K APPENDIX II-K NONPROTECTED ABOVEGROUND STEEL TANKS FOR PRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL- DISPENSING STATIONS OUTSIDE BUILDINGS (See UFC Sections 5202.3.1 and 5202.4.1) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 3.13 Electrical systems; Storage and dispensing of motor fuels at private automotive,ma- 3.14 Grounding; rine and aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations into the 3.15 Corrosion protection for tank bottoms and underground fuel tanks of motor vehicles from aboveground steel tanks,other piping; than protected tanks located outside buildings in approved loca- 3.16 Emergency controls;and lions,shall be in accordance with Appendix II-K. 3.17 Other information as required by the chief. SECTION 2— DEFINITIONS SECTION 4—TANK DESIGN For the purpose of Appendix II-K,certain terms are defined as fol- 4.1 General.Aboveground steel tanks within the scope of Appen- lows: dix II-K shall be designed in accordance with Section 7902.1.8.2 FUEL-DELIVERY SYSTEM is a system that consists of a and shall also be listed and meet the requirements of Section 9003, tank vehicle containing a pump,fill hose with appropriate connec- Standard u.1.7. tions, and a person who performs the tank filling operation of Tank supports, foundations and anchorage shall be in accor- transferring fuel from the tank vehicle to an aboveground tank. dance with Section 7902.1.14 The two types of fuel-delivery systems for aboveground steel 4.2 Size.Aboveground steel tanks shall not exceed a 6,000 gallon tanks are as follows: (22 712 L)individual or 18,000 gallon(68 137 L)aggregate ca- 2.1 PRECONNECTED FLEXIBLE HOSE SYSTEM is a pacity. fuel-delivery system containing a reel-mounted preconnected 4.3 Vents. flexible hose having a maximum nominal diameter of 2 inches (51mm)and a manually controlled fuel-delivery nozzle at the 4.3.1 Capacity.Aboveground steel tanks shall be provided with downstream end of the hose. vents for normal venting in accordance with Section 7902.1.11. 2.2 RIGID HOSE SYSTEM is a fuel-delivery system utilizing Aboveground steel tanks shall be provided with construction or one or more sections of large diameter hose[usually 3 or 4 inch- vents for emergency relief venting in accordance with Section es(76.2 to 101.6 mm)in nominal diameter]which does not con- 7902.2.6. The vent capacity reduction factor as provided for in tain a nozzle but which contains interlocking connections for Section 7902.2.6.3.4 shall not be allowed. manually connecting the hose from the tank vehicle to the tank. 4.3.2 Flame arresters. Approved flame arresters shall be PRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STA- installed in normal vents. TION is a motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station to which the gen- eral public does not have access to. SECTION 5—INSTALLATION OF TANKS SECTION 3—PERMITS AND PLANS The installation of aboveground steel tanks within the scope of Appendix II-K shall be in districts or zones as established by the A permit is required to install, operate,repair or modify above- jurisdiction,or in approved locations.Storage of Class I and Il liq- ground steel tanks used for storage and dispensing of flammable uids in aboveground tanks outside of buildings is prohibited with- or combustible liquid motor fuels. in the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which The installation plans shall be submitted with permit applica- such storage is prohibited.(See sample adoption ordinance,Sec- tions.The plans shall include the design,details and specifications tion 4.)Installations shall be in accordance with the following: for the following: 5.1 Separation Distances. 3.1 Quantities and types of liquids to be stored; 5.1.1 Individual tanks.An aboveground steel tank shall be sepa- 3.2 Distances from tanks and dispensers to property lines and rated from property lines,important buildings,public ways and buildings; other tanks in accordance with the following: 3.3 Vehicle access; 1.A minimum of 100 feet(30 480 mm)from the nearest side of 3.4 Fire appliances; any public way or from the nearest important building on the same property; 3.5 Vehicle impact protection; 2.A minimum of 100 feet(30 480 mm)from any property line 3.6 Aboveground tanks and their supports; which is or can be built upon,including the opposite side of a pub- 3.7 Method of storage and dispensing; lic way;and 3.8 Overfill prevention,spill containment,vents,vapor recov- 3. A minimum of 3 feet(914 mm)between tanks. ery,dispensers,and other equipment and accessories; 5.1.2 Aggregate capacity.Aboveground steel tank installations 3.9 Seismic design in accordance with the Building Code; having the maximum allowable aggregate capacity shall be sepa- rated from other installations of aboveground tanks by not less 3.10 Secondary containment; than 100 feet(30 480 mm). 3.11 Venting; 5.2 Secondary Containment.Aboveground steel tanks shall be 3.12 Piping; provided with spill control and secondary containment in accor- 1-315 APPENDICES 11-K—III-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE dance with Section 7901.8 or with drainage control and diking in 5.6 Spill Containers.A spill container having a capacity of not accordance with Section 7902.2.8 or with a listed secondary con- less than 5 gallons(18.9 L)shall be provided for each fill connec- tainment system.Secondary containment systems shall be moni- tion.For tanks with a top fill connection,spill containers shall be tored either visually or automatically. Enclosed secondary noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and equipped with a containment systems shall be provided with emergency venting. manual drain valve that drains into the primary tank. For tanks with a remote fill connection, a portable spill container shall be 5.3 Vehicle Impact Protection. Guard posts or other approved provided. barrier protection shall be provided for each aboveground steel tank or group of tanks,and for connected piping subject to vehicle 5.7 Signs.Warning signs and identification signs shall be installed impact.The design of guard posts shall be in accordance with Sec- to clearly identify hazards.The design of such signs shall be in ac- tion 8001.11.3. cordance with Sections 5201.8 and 7901.9. Conspicuous signs prohibiting simultaneous tank filling and fuel dispensing shall be 5.4 Overfill Prevention. Aboveground steel tanks shall not be posted. filled in excess of 90 percent of their capacity.An overfill preven- tion system shall be provided for each tank.During tank filling op- SECTION 6—INSTALLATION OF DISPENSING AND eration,the system shall: PIPING SYSTEMS 1.Provide an independent means of notifying the person filling the tank that the fluid level has reached 85 percent of tank capacity 6.1 General.Dispensing and piping systems and electrical con- by providing an audible and visual alarm signal,providing a tank trols shall be installed in accordance with Section 7901.11 and Ar- level gauge marked at 85 percent of tank capacity,or other ap- ticle 52,except as provided in Appendix Sections 6.2,6.3 and 6.4. proved means,and 6.2 Tank Openings.Tank openings shall be through the top only. 2.Automatically shut off the flow of fuel to the tank when the 6.3 Dispensing Devices.Dispensing devices shall be located a quantity of liquid in the tank reaches 90 percent of tank capacity or minimum of 50 feet(15 240 mm)from any aboveground storage other approved method of overfill prevention.For rigid hose fuel- tank. delivery systems,an approved means shall be provided to empty the fill hose into the tank after the automatic shutoff device is acti- 6.4 Antisiphon Devices. Approved antisiphon devices shall be vated. installed in each external pipe connected to the tank when the pipe A permanent sign shall be provided at the fill point for the tank extends below the level of the top of the tank. documenting the filling procedure and the tank calibration chart. The filling procedure shall require the person filling the tank to de- SECTION 7—PARKING OF TANK VEHICLES termine the gallonage required to fill it to 90 percent of capacity Tank vehicles shall not be parked within 25 feet(7620 mm)of an before commencing the fill operation. aboveground tank. 5.5 Fill Pipe Connections.The fill pipe shall be provided with a EXCEPTION:When the tank is being filled by the tank vehicle. means for making a direct connection to the tank vehicle's fuel- delivery hose so that the delivery of fuel is not exposed to the open SECTION 8—MAINTENANCE air during the filling operation. When any portion of the fill pipe exterior to the tank extends below the level of the top of the tank,a Aboveground steel tanks,piping and dispensing systems shall be check valve shall be installed in the fill pipe not more than 12 inch- maintained in a safe operating condition.Aboveground steel tanks es(304.8 mm)from the fill hose connection.See Section 7901.11 and components of dispensing systems shall be maintained in ac- for tank valves. cordance with their listings. 1-316 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-A Division III FIRE PROTECTION APPENDIX III-A FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS (See UFC Section 903.3) SECTION 1 —SCOPE 3.2 Area Separation. Portions of buildings which are separated The procedure determining fire-flow requirements for buildings by one or more four-hour area separation walls constructed in ac- or portions of buildings hereafter constructed shall be in accor- cordance with the Building Code,without openings and provided dance with Appendix III-A. Appendix III-A does not apply to with a 30-inch(762 nun)parapet,are allowed to be considered as structures other than buildings. separate fire areas. 3.3 Type I and Type II-F.R. Construction. The fire area of SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS buildings constructed of Type I and Type II-RR.construction shall be the area of the three largest successive floors. For the purpose of Appendix III-A,certain terms are defined as follows: FIRE AREA is the floor area,in square feet,used to determine SECTION 4—FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR the required fire flow. BUILDINGS FIRE FLOW is the flow rate of a water supply,measured at 20 4.1 One-and Two-Family Dwellings. The minimum fire flow psi(137.9 kPa)residual pressure,that is available for firefighting. and flow duration requirements for one-and two-family dwellings having a fire area which does not exceed 3,600 square feet(344.5 SECTION 2—MODIFICATIONS 162)shall be 1,000 gallons per minute(3785.4 L/min.).Fire flow and flow duration for dwellings having a fire area in excess of 2.1 Decreases. Fire-flow requirements may be modified down- 3,600 square feet(344.5 m2)shall not be less than that specified in ward by the chief for isolated buildings or a group of buildings in Table A-III-A-1. rural areas or small communities where the development of full EXCEPTION: A reduction in required fine flow of 50 percent,as fire-flow requirements is impractical. approved,is allowed when the building is provided with an approved 2.2 Increases. Fire flow may be modified upward by the chief automatic sprinkler system. where conditions indicate an unusual susceptibility to group fires 4.2 Buildings other than One- and Two-Family Dwell- or conflagrations.An upward modification shall not be more than ings. The minimum fire flow and flow duration for buildings oth- twice that required for the building under consideration. er than one- and two-family dwellings shall be as specified in Table A-III-A-1. SECTION 3—FIRE AREA EXCEPTION: A reduction in required fire flow of up to 75 per- cent,as approved,is allowed when the building is provided with an ap- 3.1 General.The fire area shall be the total floor area of all floor proved automatic sprinkler system,The resulting fire flow shall not be levels except as modified in Section 4 less than 1,500 gallons per minute(5677.5 Un in.). 1-317 APPENDIX III-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A-III-A-I-MINIMUM REQUIRED FIRE FLOW AND FLOW DURATION FOR BUILDINGS FIRE AREA(square feet) FIRE FLOW allo per x 0.0929 for m2 (gminutensd DURA Type I-FR. Type 11 One-HR. Type MILT. Type H-N x 3.785 for TION II-F.R.1 III One-HR.I V-One-HR.' III-N] Type V-Nt Umin. (hours) 0-22,700 0-12,700 0-8,200 0-5,900 0-3,600 1,500 22,701-30,200 12,701-17,000 8,201-10,900 5,901-7,900 3,601-4,800 1,750 30,201-38,700 17,001-21,800 10,901-12,900 7,901-9,800 4,801-6,200 2,000 38,701-48,300 21,801-24,200 12,901-17,400 9,801-12,600 6,201-7,700 2,250 2 48,301-59,000 24,201-33,200 17,401-21,300 12,601-15,400 7,701-9,400 2,500 59,001-70,900 33,201-39,700 21,301-25,500 15,401-18,400 9,401-11,300 2,750 70,901-83,700 39,701-47,100 25,501-30,100 18,401-21,800 11,301-13,400 3,000 83,701-97,700 47,101-54,900 30,101-35,200 21,801-25,900 13,401-15,600 3,250 3 97,701-112,700 54,901-63,400 35,201-40,600 25,901-29,300 15,601-18,000 3,500 112,701-128,700 63,401-72,400 40,601-46,400 29,301-33,500 18,001-20,600 3,750 128,701-145,900 72,401-82,100 46,401-52,500 33,501-37,900 20,601-23,300 4,000 145,901-164,200 82,101-92,400 52,501-59,100 37,901-42,700 23,301-26,300 4,250 164,201-183,400 92,401-103,100 59,101-66,000 42,701-47,700 26,301-29,300 4,500 183,401-203,700 103,101-114,600 66,001-73,300 47,701-53,000 29,301-32,600 4,750 203,701-225,200 114,601-126,700 73,301-81,100 53,001-58,600 32,601-36,000 5,000 225,201-247,700 126,701-139,400 81,101-89,200 58,601-65,400 36,001-39,600 5,250 247,701-271,200 139,401-152,600 89,201-97,700 65,401-70,600 39,601-43,400 5,500 271,201-295,900 152,601-166,500 97,701-106,500 70,601-77,000 43,401-47,400 5,750 295,901-Greater 166,501-Greater 106,501-115,800 77,001-83,700 47,401-51,500 6,000 4 " 115,801-125,500 83,701-90,600 51,501-55,700 6,250 " 125,501-135,500 90,601-97,900 55,701-60,200 6,500 135,501-145,800 97,901-106,800 60,201-64,800 6,750 145,801-156,700 106,801-113,200 64,801-69,600 7,000 " 156,701-167,900 113,201-121,300 69,601-74,600 7,250 167,901-179,400 121,301-129,600 74,601-79,800 7,500 " 179,401-191,400 129,601-138,300 79,801-85,100 7,750 " 191,401-Greater 128,301-Greater 85,101-Greater 8,000 )Types of construction are based upon the Building Code. 2Measured at 20 psi(137.9 kPa).See Appendix III-A,Section NO TAG. 1-318 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX 111 A Division III FIRE PROTECTION [FOR SFM]STATE APPENDIX III—AA FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS (See UFC Section 903.3) SECTION 1 —SCOPE SECTION 4— FIRE AREA L C [For SFM]The procedures determining fire flow requirements for 4.1 General.The fire area shall be the total floor area of all floor L c any school buildings or portions of buildings hereafter levels within the exterior walls,and under the horizontal projec- L c constructed for which review and approval is required under Sub- tions of the roof of a building,except as modified in Section4. L c division(a)of Section 39140 of the Education Code shall be in ac- L c cordance with this appendix as amended by the state fire marshal. 4.2 Area Separation. Portions of buildings which are separated L A This appendix does not apply to structures other than buildings. by one or more four-hour area separation walls constructed in ac- cordance with the Building Code,without openings and provided SECTION 2—DEFINITIONS with a 30-inch(762 mm)parapet,are allowed to be considered as separate fire areas. For the purpose of Appendix III-A,certain terms are defined as follows: 4.3 Type I and Type H-F.R. Construction. The fire area of buildings constructed of Type I and Type II-F.R.construction shall FIRE AREA is the floor area,in square feet,used to determine be the area of the three largest successive floors. the required fire flow. FIRE FLOW is the flow rate of a water supply,measured at 20 psi(137.9 kPa)residual pressure,that is available for firefighting. SECTION 5—FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS SECTION 3—MODIFICATIONS CL [For SFMJ The minimum fire flow and flow duration for school A{ L A_ [For SFMJ An alternative method of providing water for fire buildings shall be as specified in Table A—III—AA-1. A4_ L A. protection or any other alternative in lieu of providing the water EXCEPTION: A reduction in required fire}low of up to 75 percent, Ai L A may be enforced when deemed appropriate by the fire chief and is allowed when the building is provided with an approved automatic A L L C the state fire marshal. sprinkler system. C L 1-319 APPENDIX III-AA 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE A TABLE A-III-AA-1 MINIMUM REQUIRED FIRE FLOW AND FLOW DURATION FOR BUILDINGS FIRE AREA(square feet) FIRE FLOW x OA929 for m2 (gallons per FLOW miaute)1 DURA- Type I-F.R. Type IIOne-HR Type IV-H.T. Type II-N x 3.785 for TION II-F.R.t 11 One-HRt V-One-HRt III-NI Type V-Nt Lmin. (hours) 0-22,700 0-12,700 0-8,200 0-5,900 0-3,600 1,500 22,701-30,200 12,701-17,000 8,201-10,900 5,901-7,900 3,601-4,800 1,750 30,201-38,700 17,001-21,800 10,901-12,900 7,901-9,800 4,801-6,200 2,000 38,701-48,300 21,801-24,200 12,901-17,400 9,801-12,600 6,201-7,700 2,250 2 48,301-59,000 24,201-33,200 17,401-21,300 12,601-15,400 7,701-9,400 2,500 59,001-70,900 33,201-39,700 21,301-25,500 15,401-18,400 9,401-11,300 2,750 70,901-83,700 39,701-47,100 25,501-30,100 18,401-21,800 11,301-13,400 3,000 93,701-97,700 47,101-54,900 30,101-35,200 21,801-25,900 13,401-15,600 3,250 97,701-112,700 54,901-63,400 35,201-40,600 25,901-29,300 15,601-18,000 3,500 3 112,701-128.700 63,401-72,400 40,601-46,400 29,301-33,500 18,001-20,600 3,750 128,701-145,900 72,401-82,100 46,401-52,500 33,501-37,900 20,601-23,300 4,000 145,901-164,200 82,101-92,400 52,501-59,100 37,901-42,700 23,301-26,300 4,250 164,201-183,400 92,401-103,100 59,101-66,000 42,701-47,700 26,301-29,300 4,500 183,401-203,700 103,101-114,600 66,001-73,300 47,701-53,000 29,301-32,600 4,750 203,701-225,200 114,601-126,700 73,301-81,100 53,001-58,600 32,601-36,000 5,000 225,201-247,700 126,701-139,400 81,101-89,200 58,601-65,400 36,001-39,600 5,250 247,701-271,200 139,401-152,600 89,201-97,700 65,401-70,600 39,601-43,400 5,500 271,201-295,900 152,601-166,500 97,701-106,500 70,601-77,000 43,401-47,400 5,750 295,901-Greater 166,501-Greater 106,501-115,800 77,001-83,700 47,401-51,500 6,000 4 " 115,801-125,500 83,701-90,600 51,501-55,700 6,250 125,501-135,500 90,601-97,900 55,701-60,200 6,500 135,501-145,800 97,901-106,800 60,201-64,800 6,750 145,801-156,700 106,801-113,200 64,801-69,600 7,000 156,701-167,900 113,201-121,300 69,601-74,600 7,250 " 167,901-179,400 121,301-129,600 74,601-79,800 7,500 179,401-191,400 129,601-138,300 79,801-85,100 7,750 191,401-Greater 128,301-Greater 85,101-Greater 8,000 ITypes of construction are based upon the Building Code. 2Measured at 20 psi(137.9 kPa).See Appendix III-A,Section NO TAG. 1-320 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX 111-B FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION [For SFM]State APPENDIX 111-B (See UFC Section 903.4.2) SECTION 1 —SCOPE SECTION 4—CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FIRE Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with Appendix HYDRANTS III-B for the protection of buildings,or portions of buildings,here- Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be consid- after constructed. ered as available. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties shall not be considered available unless fire apparatus access SECTION 2—LOCATION roads extend between properties and easements are established to prevent obstruction of such roads. Fire hydrants shall be provided along required fire apparatus ac- cess roads and adjacent public streets. SECTION 5—DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS SECTION 3—NUMBER OF FIRE HYDRANTS The average spacing between fire hydrants shall not exceed that listed in Table A-III-B-1. The minimum number of fire hydrants available to a building shall EXCEPTION: The chief may accept a deficiency of up to 10 per- not be less than that listed in Table A-III-B-1.The number of fire cent where existing fine hydrants provide all or a portion of the required hydrants available to a complex or subdivision shall not be less fire hydrant service. than that determined by spacing requirements listed in Table Regardless of the average spacing,fire hydrants shall be located A-III-13-1 when applied to fire apparatus access roads and perime- such that all points on streets and access roads adjacent to a build- ter public streets from which fire operations could be conducted. ing are within the distances listed in Table A-III-B-1. TABLE A-III-B-I--NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM AVERAGE SPACING BETWEEN ANY POINT ON STREET OR ROAD FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENT(gpm) HYDRANTSt�3(feet) FRONTAGE TO A HYDRANT4 x 3.785 for LhnIn. MINIMUM NO.OF HYDRANTS x 304.8 for mm 1,750 or less 1 500 250 2,000-2,250 2 450 225 2,500 3 450 225 3,000 3 400 225 3,500-4,000 4 350 210 4,500-5,000 5 300 180 5,500 6 300 180 6,000 6 250 150 6,500-7,000 7 250 150 7,500 or more 8 or mores 1 200 1 120 1Reduce by 100 feet(30 480 mm)for dead-end streets or roads. 2Where streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by firefighters pulling hose lines,or arterial streets are provided with four or more traffic lanes and have a traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day,hydrant spacing shall average 500 feet(152.4 m)on each side of the street and be arranged on an alternating basis up to a fire-flow requirement of 7,000 gallons per minute(26 495 Umin.)and 400 feet(122 m)for higher fire-flow requirements. 3Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for protection of structures or similar fire problems,fire hydrants shall be pro- vided at spacing not to exceed 1,000 feet(305 m)to provide for transportation hazards. 4Reduce by 50 feet(15 240 mm)for dead-end streets or roads. 50ne hydrant for each 1,000 gallons per minute(3785 Umin.)or fraction thereof. 1-321 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-B APPENDIX III-BB FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION (See UFC Section 903.4.2) SECTION 1 —SCOPE Regardless of the average spacing,fire hydrants shall be lo- AL L C cated such that all points on streets and access roads adjacent to a A L L A- [For SFMJ Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with building are within the distances listed in Table A—III—BB-1, A L L A. this appendix for the protection of any school buildings, or por- C L L A- tions thereof hereafter constructed for which review and approval 3.2 When public or private water mains are not available to sup- c L L A are required under Subdivision(a)of Section 39140 of the Educa- ply fire flow[not within 1,000 feet(304,800 mm)of the proposed c L L C lion Code. building], the following alternatives shall be used: A L CL 1. Building(s)shall be protected by an automatic sprin- c L kler system SECTION 2—LOCATION EXCEPTION: Portable(relocatable)buildings,as defined in Cal- A L CL ifornia Education Code Section 17742.5(e),which requires that port- A L Fire hydrants shall be provided along required fire apparatus ac- ble buildings be designed and constructed to be relocatable over public A L cess roads and adjacent public streets. streets, shall be designed and constructed for relocationwithout the CA L separation of the roof or floor from the buiding and when measured at C L the most exterior walls,shall have a floor area not in excess of 2,000 C L SECTION 3—NUMBER OF FIRE HYDRANTS square feet(186m2).Such portable buildings shall be separated from A L other structures in groupings not to exceed 9,100 square feet(845 m2) A L L C The minimum number of fire hydrants available to a building shall in building area(pursuant to Table 5—B,California Building Code,for A L L A not be less than that listed in[For SFMJ Table A—III—BB-1.The Type V—N buulings).Further area increases shall be as approved by the CA L number of fire hydrants available to a complex or subdivision local fire authority having jurisdiction and the state fire marshall. A L L c shall not be less than that determined by spacing requirements The water for sprinklers may be supplied by the domestic sys- C L L A listed in[For SFMJ Table A—III—BB-1 when applied to fire appa- tem,a pressure tank,a gravity tank or other means in accordance c L ratus access roads and perimeter streets from which fire opera- with NPFA 13. Water tanks shall be installed in accordance with c L tions could be conducted. NFPA22. (See the California Building Code, Chapter 9.) c L 2. When the adequate fire flow is not available and the CAA SECTION 4—CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FIRE water for sprinklers is provided from a source other than a A L HYDRANTS public water supply,the ammount of water to supply the Sys- A L tern shall be calculated using the area/density method or the C L Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be consid- room design method as delineated in NFPA 13. The calcu- c L ered as available. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties lated duration of water flow to sprinklers shall not be less A L shall not be considered available unless fire apparatus access than 15 minutes to 10 heads. C L roads extend between properties and easements are established to 3. The sprinkler system shall have a water flow alarm c L prevent obstruction of such roads. monitored by an approved central,proprietary or remote c L station service or a local alarm which will give audible and c L visual signals at a constant attended location. c L SECTION 5— DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS 4. When this alternative is utilized and the calculated wa- c L L A- [For SFMJ 3.1 The average spacing between fire hydrants shall ter duration to a sprinkler is less than NFPA 13 recommen- A L L A- not exceed that listed in Table A—III—BB-1. dations, the area increases and fire resistive substitutions C L L C allowed in Chapter 5 of the California Building Code shall L C EXCEPTION: A deficiency of up to 10 percent shall not be allowed not be permitted. A L L A when existing fire hydrants provide all or a portion of the required fire L C hydrant service. 1-323 APPENDIX III—BB 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A—III—BB-1 NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM AVERAGE SPACING BETWEEN ANY POINT ON STREET OR ROAD FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENT(gpm) HYDRANTS1,2.3(feet) FRONTAGE TO A HYDRANT4 x 3.785 for I./min. MINIMUM NO.OF HYDRANTS x 304.8 for mm 1,750 or less 1 500 250 2,000-2,250 2 450 225 2,500 3 450 225 3,000 3 400 225 3,500-4,000 4 350 210 4,500-5,000 5 300 180 5,500 6 300 180 6,000 6 250 150 6,500-7,000 7 250 150 7,500 or more 8 or mores 200 120 1 Reduce by 100 feet(30 490 mm)for dead-end streets or roads. 2Where streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by firefighters pulling hose lines,or arterial streets are provided with four or more traffic lanes and have a traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day,hydrant spacing shall average 500 feet(152.4 m)on each side of the street and be arranged on an alternating basis up to a fire-flow requirement of 7,000 gallons per minute(26 495 Umin.)and 400 feet(122 m)for higher fire-flow requirements. 3 Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for protection of structures or similar fire problems,fire hydrants shall be pro- vided at spacing not to exceed 1,000 feet(305 m)to provide for transportation hazards. 4Reduce by 50 feet(15 240 mm)for dead-end streets or roads. 50ne hydrant for each 1,000 gallons per minute(3785 L/min.)or fraction thereof. 1-324 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-C APPENDIX III-C INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS SECTION 1 —GENERAL Inspection, testing and maintenance of water-based fire-protec- tion systems shall be in accordance with UFC Appendix Stand- ard A-III-C-1. 1-325 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX III-D APPENDIX III-D FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS GUIDELINES (See UFC Section 902.1) SECTION 1 —GENERAL 2.Provisions are made for the emergency use of side-walks by such means as rolled,or mountable curbs capable of supporting the fire de- 1.1 Scope.The provisions of Article 9,Section 902.1,apply un- partment's apparatus;or less specifically modified by this appendix. This appendix is in- 3.Streets or roadways in a PUD are identified for one-way circulat- tended to provide guidelines for alternatives to be considered by ing flow of traffic or pullouts are provided every 150 feet(45 720 rum) the chief when determining fire department access for residential on streets or roadways identified for two-way traffic;or developments of three or more dwelling units.Approved alterna- 4.A grid system for traffic flow is provided in a PUD and streets or tives for fire department access include the needs of the local fire roadways in the grid do not exceed 300 feet(91 440 mm)in length but department and the following sections. are accessible at each end from approved access roadways or streets. 1.2 Definitions.For the purpose of Appendix III-E,the following term is defined: SECTION 5—DEAD ENDS PUD, Planned Unit Development, or Planned Residential Unit 5.1 Dead ends.Dead end fire department access roads shall be in Development, is a residential subdivision or partition of land re- accordance with UFC Section 902.2.2.4. For the purpose of fire sulting in three or more dwelling units,as approved and recorded apparatus maneuvering,the use of bulb or cul-de-sacs,hammer- in accordance with local planning and zoning regulations. heads,"Y"-heads,or other methods shall be subject to the capabil- ities of the fire apparatus,as approved by the chief. SECTION 2—MEANS OF ACCESS 5.2 Cul-de-sacs.Cul-de-sacs shall be maintained clear and unob- 2.1 Multiple Access Provisions. The chief is authorized to re- structed as required with Section 902.2.4.1 allowing a turning ra- quire two means of access in accordance with Section 902.1 for a dius that is consistent with the capabilities of the fire apparatus of PUD having sites serving 25 or more dwelling units. the fire department,subject to approval by the chief. EXCEPTION:When alternate methods and means relating to the 2.2 Access in Urban-wildland Interface Areas.For egress and turning around of fire apparatus are provided,the provisions of this access concerns in urban-wildland interface locations,the chief section may be modified by the chief may be guided by the Urban-Wildland Interface CodeTM. 2.3 Access-control Devices.When required fire department ac- SECTION 6—SPECIFICATIONS cess to a PUD is restricted by the installation of access-control de- vices, such devices shall be approved by the chief, provide 6.1 Grades.The gradient for fire department access roadways or adequate clear width for fire department apparatus and be main- streets shall be in accordance with UFC Section 902.2.2.6. The tained operable at all times. maximum grade allowed is 12 percent.The gradient shall not ex- ceed the maximum approved. SECTION 3—PARKING EXCEPTIONS:1.The chief is authorized to allow increased steep- ness of grade,depending on the apparatus requirements of the fire de- 3.1 Parking.When motor vehicle parking is allowed on access partment, when every building in the PUD is provided with an roadways in a PUD,such parking shall not encroach into the fire approved automatic fire sprinkler system. department access roadway.When this provision is compromised, 2•The chief may allow an increase of the maximum grade when oth- or restricted,the chief is authorized to require signage to indicate er approved fire protection measures are provided. parking restrictions in accordance with Section 901.4. 6.2 Angles of Approach and Departure.The angles of approach and departure for any means of access shall not exceed the design SECTION 4—ROAD WIDTHS limitations of the fire apparatus of the fire department,subject to the approval of the chief. 4.1 Road Widths.Access roadways or streets in a PUD shall com- 6.3 Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and ply with the provisions of Article 9, Section 902.1. Fire depart- maintained to ensure that all-weather driving capabilities are ment access shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20 maintained in accordance with UFC Section 902.2.2.2.When re- feet(6096 min).Road widths shall be as approved by the chief,or quired by the chief,proposed alternate design criteria for an"all- as follows: weather-surface"fire department access road or street,bearing the 1.20 feet(6096 mm)wide when parking is not allowed on either stamp of a professional engineer shall be provided. side of the roadway, 6.3.1 Drainage.When subject to run-off damage,the chief is au- 2. 30 feet(9144 mm)wide when parking is not allowed on only thorized to require approved drainage. one side of the roadway,and 6.4 Bridges and Culverts.When a bridge or culvert is required to 3.40 feet(12 192 mm)wide when parking is not restricted. be used as part of a fire apparatus access road, it shall be EXCEPTIONS:The chief is authorized to modify the provisions constructed and maintained in accordance with UFC Section of Section 4.1 when: 902.2.2.5.When required by the chief,design submittals of such 1.All buildings in a PUD are completely protected with an approved bridges and culverts bearing the stamp of a professional engineer automatic fire sprinkler system;or shall be provided. 1-327 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX IV-A Division IV SPECIAL COMBUSTION HAZARDS APPENDIX IV-A INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH (See UFC Section 1101.1) SECTION 1 —SCOPE agency in accordance with procedures specified within nationally Exposed floor surfaces of buildings, including coverings which recognized standards.NFPA Standard 253 is an example of suchstandards. are applied over a previously finished floor,shall be in accordance with Appendix IV-A. 3.2 Classification. EXCEPTION: Interior floor finish materials of a traditional type, such as wood,vinyl,linoleum,terrazzo and other resilient floor-cover- 3.2.1 General. Interior floor finish materials shall be classified ing materials. in accordance with the following: SECTION 2—GENERAL 1. Class 1 interior floor finish. Materials having a minimum critical radiant flux of 0.45 watt per square centimeter. Interior floor finish materials determined by the chief to represent 2. Class 2 interior floor finish. Materials having a minimum an unusual hazard shall meet the classification prescribed for the critical radiant flux of 0.22 watt per square centimeter. occupancy groups listed in Table A-IV-A-1 when tested in accor- dance with Section NO TAG. 3.3 Test Report Availability. A copy of the test report identify- EXCEPTION: When an approved automatic sprinkler system is ing and representing the style to be installed shall be provided to installed,Class 2 materials are allowed to be used in areas where Class the chief upon request.The test report shall identify the interior 1 materials are required and the materials need not be classified in areas floor finish by manufacturer or supplier and the style name.The where Class 2 materials are required. test report shall be representative of the current construction of the material to be installed. SECTION 3—TESTING AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS 3.4 Identification. The interior floor finish material shall be identified by a hang tag or other suitable method as to manufactur- 3.1 Testing. Critical radiant flux values of interior floor finishes er or supplier,and style,and shall indicate the classification of the shall be established by tests conducted by an approved testing material based upon the limits specified within Section NO TAG. TABLE A-IV-A-I—INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH REQUIREMENTS CLASS OCCUPANCY Required Exks and Passageways' Corridors Providing Exit Access Group A 2 2 Group B 2 2 Group E 2 2 Group F 2 2 Group Iz 1 1 Group M 2 2 Group R,Division 1 2 2 Group S 2 2 t Combustible floor finish shall not be used on stairs in Types I and II construction,or other types of construction for buildings exceeding three stories in height. ZCombustible floor finish shall not be used in rooms occupied by inmates or patients whose personal liberties are restrained. 1-329 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX IV-B APPENDIX IV-B CHRISTMAS TREES (See UFC Section 1101.1) SECTION 1 — SCOPE SECTION 6— BUTT CUT The use of natural or resin-bearing cut trees in public buildings Prior to setting up a tree,the trunk shall have a fresh butt cut on a shall be in accordance with Appendix IV-B. diagonal at least 1 inch(25.4 mm)above the original cut. SECTION 2— PERMITS SECTION 7— WATERING A permit is required prior to placement of the tree in a public Hot tap water shall be used when first filling a support stand.The building. water level,when filled,shall be at least 2 inches(51 mm)above the butt of the tree.The water level shall not be lower than the butt of the tree.If the water level should become lower than the butt of SECTION 3— FLAME RETARDANCE the tree,the tree shall be removed immediately or recut per Sec- tion 6 of Appendix IV-B. Trees shall be properly treated with an approved flame retardant. Trees without flame retardance shall be sprayed with water EXCEPTION:The chief may waive this requirement when the tree prior to setup. is fresh(recently harvested)and all other provisions of Appendix IV-B are observed.Consideration should also be given to humidity,tempera- SECTION 8— DRYNESS ture and the dryness of the tree at the time of setup. Trees shall be checked for dryness by the following method:stand SECTION 4— TAGS in front of a branch,grasp it with reasonably firm pressure and pull your hand toward you,allowing the branch to slip through your Trees shall bear a tag stating date of placement in the public build- grasp. If the needles fall off readily, the tree does not have ade- ing, type of flame-retardant treatment used, name of the person quate moisture content,and it shall be removed immediately. who applied the flame retardant,the name of the person affixing ' the tag, a permit expiration date and the name of the designated SECTION 9— OPEN FLAMES individual making daily tests. Candles and open flames shall not be used on or near a tree within a distance equal to the height of the tree. SECTION 5— SUPPORT DEVICE The support device that holds a tree in an upright position shall be SECTION 10— ELECTRIC LIGHTS of a type that is stable and that: Electrical decorations used on trees shall be listed. 1. Does not damage or require removal of the tree stem base, 2. Holds the tree securely and is of adequate size to avoid tip- SECTION 11 — DAILY TESTS ping over of the tree,and Trees shall be tested daily by a designated individual. The test 3. Is capable of containing a two-day minimum supply of wa- shall include a check for dryness in accordance with Appendix ter,covering the stem at least 2 inches(50.8 mm),and the quantity IV-B,Section 8,and adequate water level maintained per Appen- specified in Table A-IV-B-1. dix IV-B,Section 7. TABLE A4V-B-I—SUPPORT STAND WATER CAPACITY MINIMUM SUPPORT STAND WATER TYPICAL DAILY WATER EVAPORATION TREE HEIGHT(feet) CAPACITY(gallons) I AMOUNT(gallons) x 304.8 for mm x 3.795 for L Up to 61/2 1/2 1/8 to 1/4 61/2 to 10 1 1/4 to 1/ Over 10 3 1/2 to 1I/2 1-331 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX V-A Division V STANDARDS APPENDIX V-A NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS OF GOOD PRACTICE SECTION 1 —SCOPE P-2 Characteristics and Safe Handling of Medical Gases The following standards and publications are intended for use as a S-1.1 Cylinders for Compressed Gas guide to attain a reasonable level of safety where specific require- V-5 Diameter-Index Safety System ments are not stated or specific standards are not adopted or refer- FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH enced in this code. 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike,Norwood,MA 02062 INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES SECTION 2—STANDARDS 1120 19th Street,N.W.,Suite 310,Washington,DC 20036-3605 AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION LABORATORIES IME PAMPHLETS 8501 East Pleasant Road,Cleveland,OH 44131 1 Construction Guide for Storage Magazines 1425 Grande Vista Avenue,Los Angeles,CA 90023 20 Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard in Use of Electric DIRECTORY OF CERTIFIED APPLIANCES AND Blasting Caps ACCESSORIES NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING,REFRIGERATING One Batterymarch Park,Quincy,MA 02269 AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS NFPA NATIONAL FIRE CODES 1791 Tullie Circle,N.E. UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. Altanta,GA 30329 333 Pfingsten Road,Northbrook,IL 60062 ANSI/ASHRAE Standards 1655 Scott Boulevard,Santa Clara,CA 95050 15 Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration UL DIRECTORIES 34 Number Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants Automotive,Burglary Protection and Mechanical COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION,INC. Equipment 1725 Jefferson Davis Highway,Suite 1004,Arlington,VA 22202 Building Materials CGA PAMPHLETS Electrical Appliance and Utilization Equipment C-6 Standard for Visual Inspection of Compressed Gas Electrical Construction Materials Cylinders Fire Protection Equipment C-6.1 Standards for Visual Inspection of High Pressure Fire Resistance Aluminum Compressed Gas Cylinders C-6.2 Guidelines for Visual Inspection and Gas and Oil Equipment Requalification of Fiber Reinforced High Pressure General Information from Electrical Construction Cylinders Materials and Hazardous Location Equipment C-10 Recommendations for Changes for Service for Directories Compressed Gas Cylinders Including Procedures Hazardous Location Equipment for Inspection and Container Removal Marine Products G-1 Acetylene Recognized Component G-2 Anhydrous Ammonia UNTIED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES G-3 Sulphur Dioxide Code of Federal Regulations,Titles 1-50,Superintendent of Doc- G-4 Oxygen uments G-5 Hydrogen United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases 20402 1-333 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-A Division VI INFORMATIONAL APPENDIX VI-A HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATIONS (See UFC Sections 8001.1.2 and 8002.3) SECTION 1 —SCOPE CLASS I-B liquids include those having flash points below 730F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F Appendix VI-A provides information,explanations and examples (37 8°C) to illustrate and clarify the hazard categories contained in Article 80.The hazard categories are based upon the Code of Federal Reg- CLASS I-C liquids include those having flash points at or above ulations,Title 29. Where numerical classifications are included, 73°F(22.8°C)and below 100°F(37.8°C). they are in accordance with nationally recognized standards. 2.1.3.2 Combustible liquids. Appendix VI-A should not be used as the sole means of hazard- CLASS H liquids include those having flash points at or above ous materials classification. 100°F(37.8°C)and below 140°F(60°C). CLASS III-A liquids include those having flash points at or SECTION 2—HAZARD CATEGORIES above 140°F(60°C)and below 200°F(93.3°C). CLASS III-B liquids include those liquids having flash points at 2.1 Physical Hazards. or above 200°F(93.3°C). 2.1.1 Explosives and blasting agents. 2.1.4 Flammable solids. 2.1.1.1 High explosives. Can be detonated by means of blasting 2.1.4.1 Organic solids. Examples: camphor, cellulose nitrate cap when unconfined.Examples:dynamite,TNT,nitroglycerine, and napthalene. C-3 and C-4. 2.1.4.2 Inorganic solids. Examples: decaborane, lithium 2.1.1.2 Low explosives. Can be deflagrated when confined.Ex- amide,phosphorous heptasulfide,phosphorous sesquisulfide,po- amples: black powder, smokeless powder,propellant explosives tassium sulfide,anhydrous sodium sulfide and sulfur. and display fireworks. 2.1.4.3 Combustible metals(except dusts and powders). Ex- 2.1.1.3 Blasting agents. Oxidizer and liquid fuel slurry mix- amples: cesium,magnesium and zirconium. tures. Example: ammonium nitrate combined with fuel oil. 2.1.4.4 Combustible dusts and powders (including met- 2.1.2 Compressed gases. als). Examples: wood sawdust,plastics,coal,flour and powdered metals(few exceptions). 2.1.2.1 Flammable. Examples: acetylene, carbon monoxide, 2.1.5 Oxidizers. ethane,ethylene,hydrogen and methane. 2.1.5.1 Gases. Examples: oxygen, ozone, oxides of nitrogen 2.1.2.2 Oxidizing. Examples: oxygen, ozone, oxides of nitro- fluorine and chlorine(reaction with flammables is similar to that gen, chlorine and fluorine. Chlorine and fluorine do not contain of oxygen). oxygen but reaction with flammables is similar to that of oxygen. 2.1.5.2 Liquids. Examples:bromine,hydrogen peroxide,nitric 2.1.2.3 Corrosive. Examples:ammonia,hydrogen chloride and acid,perchloric acid and sulfuric acid. fluorine. 2.1.5.3 Solids. Examples: chlorates, chlomates, chromic acid, 2.1.2.4 Highly toxic. Examples:arsine,cyanogen,fluorine,ger- iodine,nitrates,perchlorates and peroxides. mane, hydrogen cyanide,hydrogen selenide,nitric oxide, phos- 2.1.5.4 Examples of liquid and solid oxidizers according to phine and stibene. hazard. 2.1.2.5 Toxic. Examples: chlorine,hydrogen fluoride,hydrogen Class 4—Examples:ammonium perchlorate(particle size greater sulfide, silicon tetrafluoride and phosgene. than 15 microns), ammonium permanganate, guanidine nitrate, 2.1.2.6 Inert (chemically unreactive). Examples: argon, he- hydrogen peroxide solutions(greater than 91 percent)and tetrani- lium,krypton,neon,nitrogen and xenon. tromethane. 2.1.2.7 Pyrophoric. Examples: diborane, dichloroborane, Class 3—Examples: ammonium dichromate,calcium hypochlo- phosphine and silane. rite (over 50 percent by weight), chloric acid(10 percent maxi- mum concentration), hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 2.1.2.8 Unstable (reactive). Examples: butadiene (unstabi- 52 percent up to 91 percent),mono-(trichloro)-tetra-(monopotas- lized),ethylene oxide and vinyl chloride. sium dichloro)-penta-s-tri azinetri one, nitric acid, fuming (more than 86 percent concentration),perchloric acid solutions(60 per- 2.1.3 Flammable and combustible liquids. cent to 72 percent by weight),potassium bromate,potassium chlo- 2.1.3.1 Flammable liquids. rate, potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloroisocyanurate),sodium bromate,sodium chlorate,sodium CLASS I-A liquids include those having flash points below chlorite(over 40 percent by weight)and sodium dichloro-s-triazi- 73°F(22.8°C)and having a boiling point below 100°F(37.8°C). netrione(sodium dichloroisocyanurate). 1-335 APPENDIX VI-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Class 2--Examples: barium bromate, barium chlorate, barium peroxydi-carbonate 30 percent, 2,-5-dimethyl-2,5-di- (2-ethyl- hypochlorite, barium perchlorate, barium permanganate, 1-bro- hex anolyperoxy)-hexane 90 percent, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di- (t-bu- mo-3-chloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, calcium chlorate, calcium tylperoxy)hexane 90 percent and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 9 chlorite,calcium hypochlorite(50 percent or less by weight),cal- percent active oxygen diluted in dimethyl phthalate. cium perchlorate, calcium permanganate, chromium trioxide Class IV—Examples: benzoyl peroxide 70 percent, benzoyl (chromic acid),copper chlorate,halane(1,3-dichloro-5,5-dime- peroxide paste 50 percent peroxide/15 percent water/35 percent thylhydantoin), hydrogen peroxide(greater than 27.5 percent up butylphthalate diluent,benzoyl peroxide slurry 40 percent,ben- to 52 percent), lead perchlorate, lithium chlorate, lithium hypo- zoyl peroxide powder 35 percent,t-butyl hydroperoxide 70 per- chlorite(more than 39 percent available chlorine), lithium perch- cent, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate 50 percent, decumyl lorate, magnesium bromate, magnesium chlorate, magnesium peroxide 98 percent,di-(2-ethythexal)peroxydi carbonate 40 per- perchlorate,mercurous chlorate,nitric acid(more than 40 percent cent, laurel peroxide 98 percent,p-methane hydroperoxide 52.5 but less than 86 percent),perchloric acid solutions(more than 50 percent, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 5.5 percent active oxygen percent but less than 60 percent), potassium perchlorate, potas- and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 9 percent active oxygen diluted sium permanganate, potassium peroxide, potassium superoxide, in water and glycols.Class V—Examples: benzoyl peroxide 35 silver peroxide,sodium chlorite(40 percent or less by weight),so- percent, 1,1-di-t- dium perchlorate,sodium perchlorate monohydrate,sodium per- butyl peroxy 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane 40 percent, 2,5-di- manganate, sodium peroxide, strontium chlorate, strontium (t-butyl peroxy) hexane 47 percent and 2,4-pentanedione perox- perchlorate, thallium chlorate, trichloro-s-triazinetrione(trichlo- ide 4 percent active oxygen. roisocyanuric acid),urea hydrogen peroxide, zinc bromate, zinc chlorate and zinc permanganate. 2.1.7 Pyrophoric materials. Class I—Examples: all inorganic nitrates(unless otherwise clas- 2.1.7.1 Gases. Examples: diborane,phosphine and silane. sified),all inorganic nitrites(unless otherwise classified),ammo nium persulfate, barium peroxide, calcium peroxide, hydrogen 2.1.7.2 Liquids. Examples: diethyl aluminum chloride,diethyl peroxide solutions(greater than 8 percent up to 27.5 percent),lead beryllium, diethyl phosphine, diethyl zinc, dimethyl arsine,trie- dioxide, lithium hypochlorite (39 percent or less available chlo- thyl aluminum etherate,thriethyl bismuthine,thriethyl boron,tri- rine),lithium peroxide,magnesium peroxide,manganese dioxide, methyl aluminum and trimethyl gallium. nitric acid(40 percent concentration or less),perchloric acid solu- 2.1.7.3 Solids. Examples: cesium, hafnium, lithium, white or tions(less than 50 percent by weight),potassium dichromate,po- yellow phosphorus,plutonium,potassium,rubidium,sodium and tassium percarbonate, potassium persulfate, sodium carbonate thorium. peroxide, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione dihydrate, sodium dichromate, sodium perborate (anhydrous), sodium perborate 2.1.8 Examples of unstable(reactive) materials according to monohydrate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium percarbo- hazard. nate, sodium persulfate, strontium peroxide and zinc peroxide. CLASS 4: Examples: acetyl peroxide, dibutyl peroxide, dini- 2.1.6 Organic peroxides. trobenzene, ethyl nitrate,peroxyacetic acid and picric acid(dry) trinitrobenzene. Examples of organic peroxides according to hazard:Unclassi- fied: Unclassified organic peroxides are capable of detonation and CLASS 3:Examples: hydrogen peroxide(greater than 52 per- are regulated in accordance with Article 77. cent),hydroxylamine,nitromethane,paranitroaniline,perchloric acid and tetrafluoroethylene monomer. Class I—Examples: acetyl cyclohexane sulfonyl 60-65 percent concentration by weight, fulfonyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide CLASS 2:Examples: acrolein,acrylic acid,hydrazine,metha- over 98 percent concentration,t-butyl hydroperoxide 90 percent, crylic acid, sodium perchlorate, styrene and vinyl acetate. t-butyl peroxyacetate 75 percent, t-butyl peroxyisopropylcarbo- CLASS 1:Examples:acetic acid,hydrogen peroxide 35 percent nate 92 percent, diisopropyl peroxydi carbonate 100 percent, di- to 52 percent, paraldehyde and tetrahydrofuran. n-propyl peroxydicarbonate 98 percent and di-n-propyl Classification by degree of hazard shall be in accordance with peroxydi-carbonate 85 percent. UFC Standard 79-3. Class II—Examples: acetyl peroxide 25 percent, t-butyl hy- 2.1.9 Examples of water-reactive materials according to haz- droperoxide 70 percent,t-butyl peroxybenzoate 98 percent,t-bu- ard. tyl peroxy-2-ethylhex-anoate 97 percent, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate 75 percent,t-butyl peroxyisopropyl-carbonate CLASS 3: Examples: aluminum alkyls such as triethylalumi- 75 percent,t-butyl peroxypivalate 75 percent,dybenz-oyl perox- num,isobutylaluminum and trimethylaluminum;bromine penta- ydicarbonate 85 percent,di-sec-butyl peroxydi carbonate 98 per- fluoride, bromine trifluoride, chlorodiethylaluminium and cent, di-sec-butyl peroxydi carbonate 75 percent, diethylzinc. 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,5,5-trimethyecyclohexane 95 percent, CLASS 2:Examples: calcium carbide,calcium metal,cyano- di-(2-ethythexyl) peroxydicarbonate 97 percent, 2,5-dyme- gen bromide, lithium hydride, methyldichlorosilane, potassium thyl-2-5 di (benzoylperoxy)hexane 92 percent and peroxyacetic metal, potassium peroxide, sodium metal, sodium peroxide, acid 43 percent. sulfuric acid and trichl orosi lane. Class III—Examples:acetyl cyclohexane sulfonal peroxide 29 CLASS 1:Examples:acetic anhydride,sodium hydroxide,sul- percent,benzoyl peroxide 78 percent,benzoyl peroxide paste 55 fur monochloride and titanium tetrachloride. percent, benzoyl peroxide paste 50 percent peroxide/50 percent butylbenzylphthalate diluent,cumene hydroperoxide 86 percent, Classification by degree of hazard shall be in accordance with di-(4-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydi carbonate 98 percent,t-butyl per- UFC Standard 79-3. oxy-2-ethytehexanoate 97 percent, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate 2.1.10 Cryogenic fluids. 75 percent,decanoyl peroxide 98.5 percent,di-t-butyl peroxide 99 percent, 1,1-di- (t-butylperoxy)3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane 75 2.1.10.1 Flammable. Examples: carbon monoxide, deuterium percent, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide 50 percent, diisopropyl (heavy hydrogen),ethylene,hydrogen and methane. 1-336 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-A 2.1.10.2 Oxidizing. Examples: fluorine, nitric oxide and oxy- 2.2.1.2 Toxic materials. Examples: gen. Gases—boron trichoride, boron trifluoride, chlorine, hydro- 2.1.10.3 Corrosive. Examples: fluorine and nitric oxide. gen fluoride,hydrogen sulfide,phosgene,silicon tetrafluoride. 2.1.10.4 Inert (chemically unreactive). Examples: argon, he- Liquids—acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol,alpha-chlorotoluene,ani- lium,krypton,neon,nitrogen and xenon. line, 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane,chloroformic acid(allyl ester), 3-chloropropene(allyl chloride),o-cresol,crotonaldehyde,dibro- 2.1.10.5 Highly toxic. Examples:fluorine and nitric oxide. momethane, diisopropylamine,diethyl ester sulfuric acid,dime- All of the cryogenics listed will exist as compressed gases when thyl ester sulfuric acid,2-furaldehyde(furfural),furfuryl alcohol, they are stored at ambient temperatures. phorphorus chloride,phosphoryl chloride(phosphorus oxychlo- ride),and thionyl chloride. 2.2 Health Hazards. Solids—acrylamide,barium chloride,barium(H)nitrate,ben- 2.2.1 Highly toxic and toxic materials. zidine, p-benzoquinone, beryllium chloride, cadmium chloride, cadmium oxide,chloroacetic acid,chlorophenylmercury(phenyl 2.2.1.1 Highly toxic materials. Examples: mercuric chloride), chromium(VI)oxide (chromic acid, solid), Gases—arsine, chlorine trifluoride,cyanogen,diborane, fluo- 2,4-dinitrotoluene, hydroquinone, mercury chloride (calomel), rine, germane,hydrogen cyanide,nitric oxide,nitrogen dioxide, mercury(II)sulfate(mercuric sulfate),osmium tetroxide,oxalic ozone,phosphine,hydrogen selenide and stibene. acid, phenol, P-phenylenediamine, phenylhydrazine, 4-phenyl- morpholine, phosphorus sulfide, potassium fluoride, potassium Liquids—acrolein, acrylic acid, 2-chloroethanol (ethylene hydroxide, selenium(1V)disulfide,and sodium fluoride. chlorohydrin), hydazine, hydrocyanic acid, 2-methylaziridine (propylenimine), 2-methyllactonitrile (acetone cyanohydrin), 2.2.2 Radioactive materials. methyl ester isocyanic acid(methyl isocyanate),nicotine,tetrani- tromethane, and tetraethylstannane(tetraethyltin). 2.2.2.1 Common radiation source materials. More than 100 radioisotopes are in common usage in various medical,academic Solids—(acetato) phenylmercury (phenyl mercuric acetate), and industrial test and measuring situations.Most emit beta and 4-aminopyridine,arsenic pentoxide,arsenic trioxide,calcium cy- gamma radiation.Some emit alpha radiation also.Some emit beta anide, 2-choloroacetophenone, aflatoxin B, decaborane (14), or gamma radiation exclusively. mercury (II)bromide (mercuric bromide), mercury (II)chloride (corrosive mercury chloride),pentachlorophenol,methyl parathi- Table A-VI-2.2 indicates the types of radiation each isotope on,phosphorus(white),and sodium azide. emits. TABLE A-VI-2.2—RADIATION EMITTED FROM ISOTOPESI Americium-241 a,y Dysprosium-165 a,y Krypton-85 p,y Praseodymium-143 a Technetium-99m y Antimony-122 R,y Dysprosium-166 y Krypton-87 a,y Promethium-147 a Technetium-99 R Antimony-124(3 Erbium-169 R,Y Lanthanum-140 p,y Promethium-149 R,y Tellurium-125m y Antimony-125�,y Erbium-171 y Lead-210 a,a Y Radium-226 a y Tellurium-127m(3,y Arsenic-73 y Europium-152 9.2h p,y Lutetium-177 p y Rhenium-185 y Tellurium-127 p,y Arsenic-74 ,y Europium-152m p,y Manganese-52 p,y Rhenium-188(i,y Tellurium-129m p,y Arsenic-76(i,y Europium-154(i,y Manganese-54 Rhodium-103m y Tellurium-129 p,y Arsenic-77 p,y Europium-155 R,y Manganese-56 ,Y Rhodium-105 R,Y Tellurium-131m 0,y Barium-131 y Fluorine-18 0,y Mercury-197m y Rubidium-81 R y Tellurium-132 p,y Barium-133 Gadolinium-153 Mercury-197 Rubidium-86 p,Y Terbium-160 p,y Barium-140 ,y Gadolinium-159�,Y Me. y Rubidium-87 a Thallium-200 y Beryllium-7,y Gallium-67 Y Molybdenum-99 Y Ruthenium-97 y Thallium-201 y Bismuth-210 a,a,y Gallium-72 0,y Neodymium-147 p,y Ruthenium-103 p,y Thallium-202 y Bromine-82 a y Germanium-71 y Neodymium-149 p,y Ruthenium-105 y Thallium-204 a y Cadmium-109 y Gold-198 p,y Nickel-59 y Ruthenium-106 Thorium(natural)a,y Cadmium-I l5m a,y Gold-199 a y Nickel-63 Samarium-151(i,y Thulium-170(i,y Cadmium-115 p,y Hafnium-181 y Nickel-65 4,y Samarium-153 y Thulium-171 a,y Calcium-45 a Holmium-166 p,y Niobium-93m y Scandium-46 y Tin-113 y Calcium-47(3,y Hydrogen-3 R Niobium-95 p,y Scandium-47 p,y Tin-125 p,y Carbon-14 R Indium-111 y Niobium-97 a,y Scandium-48 a,y Tungsten-181 Cerium-141 a,y Indium-I l3m y Osmium-185 y Selenium-75 y Tungsten-185 Cerium-143 p,y Indium-114m Osmium-191m Y Silicon-31 p,y Tungsten-187�,y Cerium-144 R,y indium-115m 0,y Osmium-191 R,Y Silver-105 y Uranium(natural or Cesium-131 Iodine-123 y Osmium-193(i,y Silver-110m a,Y depleted)to Y Cesium-134m P,Y Iodine-125 Palladium- Silver- y Uranium-233, Y Cesium-134 R,y Iodine-126�i,Y Palladium-109 Y Sodium-22 a,y Uranium-234 a,y Cesium-135 a Iodine-129(i,y Phosphorus-32 Q Sodium-24 a,y Cesium-136 a,y Iodine-131 R,y Platinum-191 y Strontium-85 Uranium-235 a,Y Cesium-137 a,y Iodine-132 p,y Platinum-193m y Strontium-89�i,y Vanadium 48 P,y Chlorine-36(3,y Iodine-133 a,y Platinum-193 y Strontium-90 a Xenon-131m Y Chlorine-38 R,y Iodine-134(i,y Platinum-197m p,Y Strontium-91 (i,Y Xenon-133(i,y Chromium-51 y Iodine-135 y Platinum-197 R y Strontium-92 R,y Xenon-135 a Y Cobalt-57 y Iridium-192(i,y Plutonium-239 a,y Sulphur-35 P Ytterbium-175 p,y Cobalt-58m y Iridium-194 p,y Polonium-210 p,y Tantalum-182 y Yttrium-90 R,Y Cobalt-58(3,y Iron-52 R,y Potassium-42 y Technetium-96 y Yttrium-91 p,y Cobalt-60 a y Iron-55 Potassium-43 p,y Technetium-97m y Yttrium-92 a,y Copper-64(3,y Iron-59�i,y Praseodymium-142 a,y Technetium-97 y Yttrium-93 R,y a=alpha radiation P=beta radiation y=gamma radiation 1-337 APPENDIX VI-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 2.2.2.2 Fissile materials. Fissile materials are materials which SECTION 3—EVALUATION OF HAZARDS may undergo a fission reaction,and are usually found only at reac- tor sites,or as part of a nuclear weapon.Fissile materials may emit 3.1 Degree of Hazard. The degree of hazard present depends alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation. Examples: pluto- upon many variables which should be considered individually and nium-238,plutonium-239,plutonium-241,uranium-233 and ura- in combination. Some of the variables are: nium-235. 1. Chemical properties of the material.Chemical properties Note:Uranium(and certain other radioactive metals)are com- of the material determine self-reactions and reactions which may bustible in solid and finely divided form, as well as chemically occur with other materials. Generally, materials within subdivi- toxic.When radioactive materials burn,the products of combus- sions of hazard categories will exhibit similar chemical proper- tion(other than heat)will be radioactive as well. ties. However, materials with similar chemical properties may present very different hazards.Each individual material should be 2.2.3 Corrosives. researched to determine its hazardous properties and then consid- 2.2.3.1 Acids. Examples: chromic, formic, hydrochloric (mu- ered in relation to other materials that it might contact and the sur- riatic greater than 15 percent), hydrofluoric, nitric (greater than rounding environment. 6 percent),perchloric and sulfuric(4 percent or more). 2. Physical properties of the material. Physical properties, such as whether a material is a solid,liquid or gas at ordinary tem- 2.2.3.2 Bases (alkalis). Examples: hydroxides—ammonium peratures and pressures,considered along with chemical proper- (greater than 10 percent),calcium,potassium(greater than 1 per- ties will determine requirements for containment of the material. cent), sodium (greater than 1 percent) and certain carbonates— Specific gravity(weight of a liquid compared to water)and vapor potassium. density(weight of a gas compared to air)are both physical proper- 2.2.3.3 Other corrosives. Examples: bromine, chlorine, fluo- ties which are important in evaluating the hazards of a material. rine,iodine and ammonia. 3. Amount and concentration of the material. Note:Corrosives which are oxidizers,e.g.,nitric acid,chlorine, 3.1 General. The amount of material present and its con- fluorine;or are compressed gases,e.g.,ammonia,chlorine,fluo- centration must be considered along with physical and rine; or are water-reactive, e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid, so- chemical properties to determine the magnitude of the haz- dium hydroxide,are physical hazards in addition to being health ard.Hydrogen peroxide,for example,is used as an antisep- hazards. tic and a hair bleach in low concentrations(approximately 8 2.2.4 Carcinogens,irritants,sensitizers and other health haz- percent in water solution).Over 8 percent,hydrogen perox- ard materials. ide is classed as an oxidizer and is toxic.Above 90 percent, it is a Class 4 oxidizer"that can undergo an explosive reac- 2.2.4.1 Carcinogens or suspect carcinogens. Substances tion when catalyzed or exposed to heat,shock or friction,"a which produce or are suspected of producing or inciting cancer definition which incidentally also places hydrogen perox- (see definitions,Article 2).Examples: asbestos,benzene,berylli- ide over 90 percent concentration in the unstable(reactive) um, carbon tetrachloride,chloroform,diazomethane,P-dioxane, category. Small amounts at high concentrations may pres- ethylene dichloride,polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and vinyl ent a greater hazard than large amounts at low concentra- chloride. tions. 2.2.4.2 Other health hazard materials. Substances which 3.2 Mixtures. Gases—toxic and highly toxic gases include cause damage to particular organs or systems(see definition.Ar- those gases which have an LC50 of 2,000 parts per million ticle 2). Examples: (ppm)or less when rats are exposed for a period of one hour Hepatotoxins(chemicals which produce liver damage):car- or less. To maintain consistency with the definitions for bon tetrachloride and nitrosamines. these materials, exposure data for periods other than one Nephrotoxins (chemicals which produce kidney damage): hour must be normalized to one hour.To classify mixtures halogenated hydrocarbons and uranium. of compressed gases which contain one or more toxic or highly toxic components,the LC50 of the mixture must be Neurotoxins (chemicals which produce their primary toxic determined. Mixtures which contain only two components effects on the nervous system): mercury and carbon disul-fide. are binary mixtures. Those which contain more than two components are multicomponent mixtures. When two or Blood or hematopoistic system toxins(chemicals which de- more hazardous substances(components)having an LC50 crease hemoglobin function,deprive the body tissues of ox- below 2,000 ppm are present in a mixture,their combined ygen): carbon monoxide and cyanides. effect,rather than that of the individual substances(compo- Pulmonary damage agents(chemicals which irritate or dam- nents),must be considered.In the absence of information to age the lungs): silica and asbestos. the contrary,the effects of the hazards present must be con- Reproductive toxins(chemicals which affect the reproduc- sidered as additive. Exceptions to the above rule may be tive capabilities, including chromosomal damage [muta- made when there is a good reason to believe that the princi- tions] and effects on fetuses [tersiogenesis]): lead and pal effects of the different harmful substances (compo- DBCR nents)are not additive. 2.2.4.3 Irritants. Substances other than corrosives which cause For binary mixtures where the hazardous component is a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical ac- diluted with a nontoxic gas such as an inert gas,the LC50 of tion at the site of contact.Examples:diphenylaminechloroarsine, the mixture is estimated by use of the following formula: xylyl bromide and chloracetophene. 1 2.2.4.4 Sensitizers. Substances which cause an allergic reaction LC50m — [C/LC50] in normal tissue after repeated exposure. 1-338 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-A For multicomponent mixtures where more than one com- 4. Actual use, activity or process involving the material. ponent has a listed LC50, the LC50 of the mixture is esti- The definition of handling,storage and use in closed systems re- mated by use of the following formula: fers to materials in packages or containers.Dispensing and use in open containers or systems describes situations where a material LC = 1 is exposed to ambient conditions or vapors are liberated to the at- som (C./LC ) + C /LC + C /LC p Dispensing p y a srnI ( a srnz) ( ,� so;�) mos here.Dis ensin and use in open stems,then,are general- ly more hazardous situations than handling, storage or use in WHERE: closed systems. The actual use or process may include heating, LC501n = LC50 of the mixture in parts per million(ppm). electric or other sparks,catalytic or reactive materials and many other factors which could affect the hazard and must therefore be C = concentration of component(i)in decimal per- thoroughly analyzed. cent. The concentration of the individual com- 5. Surrounding conditions.Conditions such as other materi- ponents in a mixture of gases is to be expressed als or processes in the area,type of construction of the structure, in terms of percent by volume. fire-protection features(e.g.,fire walls,sprinkler systems,alarms, LC50i = LC50 of component(i).The LC50 of the compo- etc.), occupancy (use) of adjoining areas, normal temperatures, nent is based on a one-hour exposure.LC50 data exposure to weather,etc.,must be taken into account in evaluating which are for other than one-hour exposures the hazard. shall be normalized to one hour by multiplying 3.2 Evaluation Questions. The following are sample evalua- the LC50 for the time determined by the factor indicated in Table A-VI-A-1. The preferred lion questions: mammalian species for LC50 data is the rat,as 1. What is the material? Correct identification is important; specified in the definitions of toxic and highly exact spelling is vital.Check labels,MSDS,ask responsible per- toxic in Article 2.If data for rats are unavailable, sons,etc. and in the absence of information to the con- 2. What are the concentration and strength? trary,data for other species may be utilized.The 3. What is the physical form of the material?Liquids,gases data shall be taken in the following order of pref- and finely divided solids have differing requirements for spill and erence: rat,mouse,rabbit,guinea pig,cat,dog, leak control and containment. monkey. 4. How much material is present?Consider in relation to per- in = component 1,component 2 and so on to the nth nut amounts,exempt amounts(from Group H Occupancy require- component. ments), amounts which require detached storage and overall magnitude of the hazard. TABLE A-VI-A-I-NORMALIZATION FACTOR 5. What other materials(including furniture,equipment and building components)are close enough to interact with the materi- TIME(hours) MULTIPLY BY al? 0.5 0.7 6. What are the likely reactions? 1.0 1.0 7. What is the activity involving the material? 1.5 1.2 8. How does the activity impact the hazardous characteristics 2.0 1.4 of the material?Consider vapors released or hazards otherwise ex- 3.0 1.7 posed. 4.0 2.0 9. What must the material be protected from?Consider other 5.0 2.2 materials,temperature,shock,pressure,etc. 6.0 2.4 7.0 2. 10. What effects of the material must people and the environ- ment be protected from? 8.0 2.8 11. How can protection be accomplished?Consider: 11.1 Proper containers and equipment. Examples: What is the LC50 of a mixture of 15 percent chlo- 11.2 Separation by distance or construction. rine,85 percent nitrogen?The one-hour(rat)LC50 of pure chlo- 11.3 Enclosure in cabinets or rooms. rine is 293 ppm. 11.4 Spill control,drainage and containment. LC50M= 1/(0.15/293)or 1,953 ppm.Therefore the mixture is 11.5 Control systems-ventilation, special electrical, detec- toxic. tion and alarm,extinguishment,explosion venting, limit What is the LC50 of a mixture of 15 percent chlorine, 15 percent controls,exhaust scrubbers and excess flow control. fluorine and 70 percent nitrogen?The one-hour(rat)LC50 of chlo- 11.6 Administrative (operational) controls-signs, ignition rine is 293 ppm.The one-hour(rat)LC50 of fluorine is 185 ppm. source control, security, personnel training, established LC50m=1/(0.15/293)+(0.15/185)or 755 ppm.Therefore the procedures, storage plans and emergency plans. mixture is toxic. Evaluation of the hazard is a strongly subjective process;there- fore, the person charged with this responsibility must gather as Is the mixture of 1 percent phosphine in argon toxic or highly much relevant data as possible so that the decision will be objec- toxic?The four-hour(rat)LC50 is 11 ppm. tive and within the limits prescribed in laws, policies and stan- LC50M=1/10.01/(11 X 2)]or 2,200 ppm.Therefore the mix- dards. ture is neither toxic nor highly toxic.Note that the four-hour LC50 It may be necessary to cause the responsible persons in charge to of 11 ppm was normalized to one hour by use of Table A-VI-A-1. have tests made by qualified persons or testing laboratories to sup- 1-339 APPENDIX VI-A 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE port contentions that a particular material or process is or is not 7-28N Explosive Materials hazardous. See Section 103.1.2. 7-29 Flammable Liquids in Drums and Small Containers SECTION 4—REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS 7-34 Electrolytic Chlorine Process 7-43 Loss Prevention in Chemical Plants 4.1 General. See Appendix V-A. 7-44 Spacing of Facilities in Outdoor Chemical Plants 4.2 Specific. 7-45 Chemical Process Control and Control Rooms 4.2.1 CHLORINE INSTITUTE 7-45S Process Control Houses Subject to External 2001 L Street,N.W.,Washington,DC 20036 Explosion 7-46/17-11 Chemical Reactors and Reactions Chlorine Institute Publications 7-47 Physical Operations in Chemical Plants Chlorine Manual,5th edition, 1986 7-49/12-65 Emergency Venting of Vessels Maintenance Manual for Chlorine Institute Standard Ex- 7-50 Compressed Gases in Cylinders cess 7-51/17-12 Acetylene Flow Valves,Pamphlet 42 7-52/17-13 Oxygen Piping Systems for Dry Chlorine,Pamphlet 6 7-53 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Emergency Control Planning Checklist for Chlorine Facilities, 7-54 Natural Gas and Gas Piping Pamphlet 64 7-55/12-28 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Atmospheric Monitoring for Chlorine,Pamphlet 73 7-56 MAPP Industrial Gas Calculating the Area Affected by Chlorine Releases, Pam- 7-58 Chlorine Dioxide phlet 74 7-60/16-1 Fundamentals of Atomic Energy Instruction Booklet,Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit`B"for 7-61/16-2 Radioactive Materials Chlorine Ton 7-70 Fumigation Containers Instruction Booklet,Chlorine Institute Emergency 7-72/12-10 Catalytic Steam/Hydrocarbon Reformers Kit"C"for Chlorine Tank Cars and Trucks 7-75 Grain Storage and Milling Chlorine Institute Drawing 188, Chlorine Cylinder Salvage 7-76 Combustible Dusts Vessel 7-80 Organic Peroxides 4.2.2 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION,INC.(CGA) 7-81 Organic Peroxides—Hazard Classification 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,Arlington,VA 22202 7-82N Storage of Liquid/Solid Oxidizing Materials 7-83 Drainage for Flammable Liquids CGA Pamphlets 7-84/12-48 Hydrogen Peroxide G-1 Acetylene 7-86 Cellulose Nitrate G-2 Anhydrous Ammonia 7-88 Storage Tanks for Flammable Liquids G-3 Sulphur Dioxide 7-89 Ammonium Nitrate G-4 Oxygen 7-91 Hydrogen G-5 Hydrogen 7-92 Ethylene Oxide P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases 7-94/12-22 Ammonia Synthesis Units P-2 Characteristics and Safe Handling of Medical Gases STORAGE 8-OS Commodity Classification 4.2.3 FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING AND 8-9 Storage of Plastics and Elastomers RESEARCH 8-10 Coal and Charcoal Storage 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike,Norwood,MA 02062 BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS Data Sheets 12-22/7-94 Ammonia Synthesis Units 12-23 Aqueous Nitrogen in Fertilizer Plants ELECTRICAL 12-27 Liquid Chlorine Storage Tanks and Systems 5-1 Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Locations 12-28/7-55 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 5-8 Static Electricity 12-48/7-84 Hydrogen Peroxide HAZARDS NUCLEAR 7-7 Semiconductor Plants 16-6 Reactor Fuel Elements 7-13S/12-61S Ammonia Refrigeration Systems 4.2.4 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION 7-14 Protection for Flammable Liquid/Flammable One Batterymarch Park Gas-processing Equipment Quincy,MA 02269 7-19N Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases,Solids Fire Protection Handbook 7-195 Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Industrial Fire Hazards Handbook Gases,Solids National Fire Codes, specifically the following codes and stan- 7-22 Hydrazine and its Derivatives dards: 7-23N Hazardous Chemicals Data 35 Manufacture of Organic Coatings 7-28 Explosive Materials 40 Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film 1-340 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-A 43A Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizing Materials 491M Manual of Hazardous Chemical Reactions 43B Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations 495 Manufacture,Transportation, Storage and Use 43C Storage of Gaseous Oxidizing Materials of Explosive Materials 45 Laboratories Using Chemicals 651 Manufacture of Aluminum and Magnesium 48 Storage,Handling and Processing Magnesium Powder 49 Hazardous Chemicals Data 654 Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in the 56A Use of Inhalation Anesthetics Chemical,Dye,Pharmaceutical and Plastics 56C Laboratories in Health-Related Institutions Industries 58 Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum 655 Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions Gases 704 Recommended System for the Identification of 61B Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Grain the Fire Hazards of Materials Elevators and Facilities Handling Bulk Raw 801 Recommended Fire Protection Practice for Agricultural Commodities Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials 61C Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in Feed 4.2.5 NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION Mills SERVICE 321 Basic Classification of Flammable and Springfield, VA 22161 Combustible Liquids A Method for Determining the Compatibility of Hazardous 325M Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Wastes,EPA-600/2-80-076 Gases and Volatile Solids 481 Production,Processing,Handling and Storage 4.2.6 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES of Titanium U.S.Government Printing Office 482 Production,Processing,Handling and Storage Washington,DC 20402 of Zirconium Code of Federal Regulations,Title 29 490 Storage of Ammonium Nitrate Code of Federal Regulations,Title 49 1-341 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-B APPENDIX VI-B GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING FIRE TESTING TO SUBSTANTIATE ALTERNATE MATERIALS AND FIRE-PROTECTION DESIGNS (Applies to Flammable Liquid Storage Rooms and Warehouses) SECTION 1 —SCOPE The fire department access roadway,building access doors and aisles within the building should be adequate for the responding Appendix VI-B provides information intended to assist the chief agency to conduct emergency operations. in evaluating fire testing as a basis for alternate design approaches Manual firefighting appliances,such as fire hydrants and stand- submitted in accordance with Sections 7902.5.11.5.1 and pipe connections, should be located as necessary to allow for 7902.5.12.5.1. A suggested evaluation process is outlined. In emergency operations. addition, considerations that will influence the results of the fire test are presented.As with any technical evaluation,a certain level 2.2 Choosing a Realistic Fire Scenario. The scenario chosen of technical education or training is required.This appendix is not should be representative of the most probable real world fire situa- to be construed as a substitute for such background tion. The test should duplicate this scenario as much as possible. This determination should include: 1.Fire frequency—Based on the building occupancy,where is SECTION 2—EVALUATION PROCESS the most likely location for a fire to occur?Fire statistics may also be considered. 2.1 Establish Objectives.For an alternate design approach to be 2.Fire severity—Will a fire in the area chosen produce the most considered equivalent,the goal or purpose of the prescriptive code demanding fire? provision must be known.Once these parameters are established, comparison of the alternate design approach can be made. 3.Exposure to occupants--Could the occupant's life safety be Uniform Fire Code Section 101.2 describes the purpose of this affected by the fire? code as"safeguarding to a reasonable degree of life and property After reviewing this information,a specific fire scenario,which from the hazards of fire explosion,and dangerous conditions aris- is to be simulated by fire testing,will be established. ing from the storage,handling and use of hazardous materials and 2.3 Evaluating the Fire Test.Once the fire test parameters have devices,and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the been determined, a detailed review of the specific conditions of use or occupancy of buildings or premises." the testing should be conducted. To further expand upon this statement,the objectives of the pro- 2.3.1 Factors that influence fire characteristics. visions of this code include the following: 2.3.1.1 Ignition source.The characteristics of the ignition source 1.Limit the spread of fire,smoke and hazardous material. should be defined. This should include the material weight, di- One of the fundamental goals of fire protection is to contain the fire to the area of origin,primarily for the safety of evacuating oc- mensions and chemical composition. The ignition source itself cupants, secondarily for the safety of the fire department during should kept small in relationship t the commodity to be tested. manual firefighting operations.Historically,this has been accom- This willll allow the test commodity to be evaluated,not just the burning characteristics of the ignition source. pushed by the use of passive fire-protection systems,such as fire- resistive compartmentation. Recently, however, The location of the ignition source is also of great importance. activefire-suppression systems are playing an increased role. The placement should be realistic and consistent with the chosen fire scenario.If the fire test is to be used for comparison to other Determine to what extent the fire or products of combustion, testing, consistency of ignition sources should be established. such as smoke,can spread without affecting the egress of the occu- Typical ignition sources include flammable liquids,cotton waste, pants or manual firefighting ability. shredded paper and gas burners. Hazardous material incidences should also be confined to the The location of the ignition source should reflect a worst-case area of origin.Occupants of the building of origin or surrounding scenario. If the test involves sprinklers, the worst-case location area shall not be exposed to the vapors or other hazardous proper- will differ based on the specifics of the fuel geometry.For storage ties of the material. fire tests,typically locations include directly below one sprinkler, 2.Provide for successful evacuation of the occupants. between two sprinklers,or centered between four sprinklers,de- pending on the fuel array.The location of the ignition source with Determine what is considered successful evacuation.General- respect to the level of in-rack sprinklers should be evaluated. ly, if the occupants of the area exposed to the event can safely 2.3.1.2 Type of commodity.The type of commodity is very im- egress to an area such that they are no longer exposed by the haz- portant. The standard benchmark commodities historically used ards of the event,safe evacuation is accomplished.Egress is con- in storage fire tests are as follows: sidered acceptable if the occupants are capable of exiting prior to the conditions of the exiting system becoming life threatening. Class 1—Glass jars in compartmented cartons. 3.Provide for effective firefighting and rescue operations. Class II—Metal-lined double tri-wall cartons. The building shall remain structurally stable during the fire event. Class III—Paper cups in compartmented cartons. 1-343 APPENDICES VI-B—VI-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Class N—Unexpanded polystyrene(15 percent by weight)and dent,upright or sidewall)also affects the performance.Typically, paper cups in compartmented cartons. pendent sprinklers perform better than upright sprinklers.The use Group A Plastics—Unexpanded polystyrene cups in compar- of sidewall type sprinklers is greatly restricted because these tmented cartons. sprinklers are listed for very specific applications. Very little testing has been conducted with exposed plastics or 2.5 Drawing Conclusions. Once the specific fire test variables uncartoned plastics. Flammable liquids should be identified by and experimental data have been reviewed,a conclusion can be UFC classification,and whether water miscible or not. drawn.The conclusion stated in the fire test report should be con- Packaging plays an important role in the burning characteristics sistent with the fire test data.Most importantly,does the outcome of a fire.Encapsulation,which is wrapping all sides and the top of of the fire test support the proposed application? a pallet or box with plastic,greatly reduces the prewetting effect of Remember that not all variables can be incorporated into the fire the sprinkler system and,thus increases the time required until fire test because of laboratory limitations or other constraints. The control is achieved.Fire severity and damage is thus increased. chief must determine if the application of the fire test is appropri- Multiple thickness cardboard boxes can allow a greater amount ate. of air to expose the burning fuel and thereby increase fire intensity. Flammable liquid containers should be examined closely be- SECTION 3—SUBMITTAL cause the difference between each type may lead to completely A report should be submitted to the chief,which documents and different test results. justifies the intended purpose of the proposed alternate and pres- 2.3.1.3 Amount of commodity.The amount of commodity used ents the fire test data for review.The report should include the fol- in the testing should resemble the chosen fire scenario.For storage lowing: occupancies, the amount should be sufficient such that when 1. Summary of which code sections are to be considered based sprinklers are included in the test,the sprinklers control the fire on the use of alternate materials and methods. prior to the start of the decay phase of the fire growth curve. 2. The objective of the specific code sections. In addition,target arrays should be provided to simulate the po- tential for ignition of adjacent commodities. 3. Summary stating the proposed application of the fire test,the objectives of the test,the results of the fire test and general testing 2.3.1.4 Geometry of the commodity.The geometry of the com- protocol. modity used in the test is one of the most important factors in de- 4. Summary of the mitigating fire-protection features to be pro- termining the outcome of the fire test since the geometry directly vided. influences the intensity and burning characteristics of the fire.The storage used in the fire test should be representative of the pro- 5.Description of the fire test configuration,including the spe- posed building storage array. In general, rack storage fires are cific test array, storage height, type of commodity and ignition more severe than solid pile fires of the same commodity and stor- source. age height. 6. Description of the test facility,including the size of the test The distance from the sprinkler to the top of the commodity area,ceiling height,type of ventilation and construction type. tested is critical. Generally, where the top of the commodity is 7. Description of the test facility environment, including the close to the sprinkler,the activation time of the sprinkler is faster ambient temperature,relative humidity,wind,and the elevation. and control is more easily achieved than where the distance be- tween the top of the commodity to the sprinkler is greater.Howev- 8.Location of the measuring devices.The type and location of er, if the commodity is placed too close to the sprinkler, thermocouples, flux calorimeters,etc. obstruction of the spray pattern may occur,thereby reducing the 9.Description of the fire sprinkler characteristics,including the effectiveness of the sprinkler. exact type of sprinkler(including orifice size,temperature rating, 2.3.1.5 Room geometry.The dimensions of the test room(length, etc.),the density and water flow rate to the sprinkler during the test width and height)should be compared to the dimensions of the ac- and whether the density and flow rate are constant or variable. tual room under consideration. 10. Summary of the test results,including both successful and The type of ceiling affects the activation time of the sprinklers, unsuccessful tests. as well as the potential for obstruction to the spray pattern.If the 11.The results should document the ceiling jet temperature,the ceiling is sloped or has beams or open joists, then the fire test ceiling structure temperature, the ceiling jet velocity, time of should include similar construction. sprinkler activation,how many sprinklers activated,and the loca- 2.4 Fire Sprinkler Considerations.With the numerous types of tion of the sprinklers that activated.The condition of the commod- sprinklers available,a very detailed description of the sprinklers ity,such as the percentage consumed,the percentage damaged by used in the fire test should be provided.The performance of the Water and the percentage damaged by smoke, should be docu- sprinkler is dependent on the orifice size,K-factor,starting pres- mented. sure,temperature rating,and the Response Time Index(RTI).In 12.The signature and seal of a registered or licensed profession- addition, the orientation and location of the sprinkler (i.e., pen- al engineer. 1-344 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-C APPENDIX VI-C HAZARD RANKING SECTION 1 —SCOPE SECTION 3— DEGREE OF HAZARD Assignment of levels of hazards to be applied to specific hazard FIREFIGHTER WARNING PLACARD DESIGNATIONS classes as required by UFC Standard 79-3 shall be in accordance BASED ON HAZARD CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES with this appendix.The appendix is based on application of the de- HAZARD CATEGORY DESIGNATION grees of hazard as defined in UFC Standard 79-3 arranged by haz- Combustible liquid II F2 and class as for specific categories defined in Article 2 and used Combustible liquid IIIA F2 throughout the code. Combustible liquid 11113 Fl Combustible dust F4 Combustible fiber F3 SECTION 2—GENERAL Cryogenic flammable F4,H3 Cryogenic oxidizing OX,H3 The followinghazard rankings have been established b using Explosive R2 g Y g Flammable solid F'2 guidelines found within UFC Standard 79-3. As noted in Section Flammable gas(gaseous) F4 1-7 of the standard,there could be specific reasons to alter the de- Flammable gas(liquefied) F4 gree of hazard assigned to a specific material,for example,igni- Flammable liquid IA F4 Flammable liquid IB F3 tion temperature,flammable range,or susceptibility of a container Flammable liquid IC F3 to rupture by an internal combustion explosion or to metal failure Organic peroxide,UD R4 while under pressure or because of heat from external fire. As a Organic peroxide I F4,R3 result, the degree of hazard assigned for the same material can Organic peroxide II F3,R3 � � Organic peroxide III F2,R2 vary when assessed by different people of equal competence. Organic peroxide Iv Fl,R1 The hazard rankings assigned to each given class represent rea- Organic peroxide e Nonhazard g g g P Oxidizing gas(gaseous) OX sonable minimum hazard levels for a given class based on the use Oxidizing gas(liquefied) OX of criteria established by UFC Standard 79-3.Specific cases of use Oxidizer 4 OX or storage may dictate the use of higher degrees of hazard in cer- Oxidizer 3 OX Oxidizer 2 OX tain cases. Oxidizer 1 OX Pyrophoric gases F4 Pyrophoric solids,liquids F3 Unstable reactive 4D R4 Unstable reactive 3D R4 Unstable reactive 3N R3 Unstable reactive 2 R2 Unstable reactive 1 Rl Water reactive 3 W,R3 Water reactive 2 W,R2 Water reactive 1 W,R1 Corrosive H3,COR Toxic H3 Highly toxic H4 Irritant H2 Sensitizer H1 Radioactive H4,RAD Carcinogen H4,3,2 or 1 Other health hazards H3,2 or 1 F—Flammable category. R—Reactive category. H—Health category. W—Special hazard: water reactive. OX—Special hazard: oxidizing properties. RAD—Special hazard: radioactivity(symbol used). COR—Corrosive. LTD—Unclassified detonable material. 4D—Class 4 detonable material. 3D—Class 3 detonable material. 3N—Class 3 nondetonable material. 1-345 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-D APPENDIX VI-D EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING FOR FIRE EXPOSURE FOR ABOVEGROUND TANKS (See UFC Section 7902.2.6.3.1) The requirements for emergency venting given in Table For areas exceeding 2,800 square feet(260.4 m2), it has been 7902.2-H and the modification factors in Section 7902.2.6.3.4 are concluded that complete fire involvement is unlikely,and loss of derived from a consideration of: metal strength from overheating will cause failure in the vapor 1. Probable maximum rate of heat transfer per unit area, space before development of maximum possible vapor evolution rate. Therefore, additional venting capacity beyond the vapor 2. Size of tank and the percentage of total area likely to be ex- equivalent of 14,090,000 Btu/h(4 128 370 W)will not be effec- posed, tive or required. 3. Time required to bring tank contents to boil, For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressures over 1 psig 4. Time required to heat unwet portions of the tank shell or roof (6.89 kPa),additional venting for exposed surfaces beyond 2,800 to a temperature where the metal will lose strength,and square feet(260.4 m2)is believed to be desirable because,under these storage conditions, liquids are stored close to their boiling 5. Effect of drainage,insulation and the application of water in points.Therefore,the time to bring the container contents to boil- reducing fire exposure and heat transfer. ing conditions may not be significant.For these situations,a heat Table 7902.2-H is based on a composite curve which is consid- input value should be determined on the basis of ered to be composed of three straight lines when plotted on log-log 0 82 paper.See Figure A-VI-C-1.The curve may be defined in the fol- lowing manner: For SI: Q=43,198 A0.82 The first straight line is drawn on log-log paper between the point 400,000 Btu/h,at 20 square feet(117 200 W at 18.6 m2)ex- The flow capacities are based on the assumption that the stored posed surface area and thepoint 4,000,000 Btu/h at 200 square liquid will have the characteristics of hexane,and the vapor liber- feet(1 172 000 W at 186 in exposed surface area.The equation ated has been transposed to equivalent free at 60°F(15.6°C)and for this portion of the curve is Q=20,000A.(For SI:Q=63,100A). 14.7 psia(101.3 kPa)by using appropriate factors in: See Table A-VI-C-1. The second straight line is drawn on log-log graph paper be- CFH = 70.5Q tween the points 4,000,000 Btu/h at 200 square feet(1 172 000 W L at 186 m2) exposed surface area and 9,950,000 Btu/h at 1,000 square feet(2 915 350 W at 93 m2) exposed surface area. The For SI• CMH = 15.84Q equation for this portion of the curve is Q=199,300A0.566(For SI: L FM Q=224,195A0•W). See Table A-VI-C-1. The third straight line is plotted on log-log graph paper between WHERE: the points 9,950,000 Btu/h at 1,000 square feet(2 915 350 W at 93 m2)exposed surface area and 14,090,000 Btu/h,at 2,800 square 70.5 = the factor for converting pounds of gas to cubic feet feet(4 128 370 W at 260.4 m2)exposed surface area.The equa- (15.84=the conversion factor to m3)of air. tion for this portion of the curve is Q=963,400A0.338(For.SI:Q= L = latent heat of vaporization. 630,425A0.3 8). See Table A-VI-C-1. M = molecular weight. Q = total heat input per hour expressed in Btu(for SI:Btu/h x TABLE A-VI-C-I—EQUATIONS USED TO 0.293=W). COMPILE FIGURE A-VI-C-1 Consideration has not been given to possible expansion from 0=2o,000a o=f99,3ooa° o=9s3,aooa°• the heating of the vapor above the boiling point of the liquid,its A a A ° A 0 specific heat,or the difference in density between the discharge x 0.093 x 0.293 for W x 0.093 x 0.293 for W x 0.093 x 0.293 for W o 0 for m2 for mz for m2 temperature and 60 F(15.6 C),since some of these changes are 20 400,000 200 4,000,000 11000 10,000,000 compensating. 30 00,000 0 , 3 ,000 1,200 10,593,000 8 30 5 Since tank vent valves are ordinaril rated in CFH standard air, 40 00,000 300 ,032,000 1,400 11,122,000 Y 50 1,000,000 350 5,491,000 1,600 11,601,000 the figures derived from Table 7902.2-H may be used with the ap- 60 1,200,000 400 5,922,000 1,800 12,040,000 propriate tank pressure as a basis for valve selection. 70 1,400,000 500 6,719,000 2,000 12,449,000 80 1,800,000 700 8,129,000 2,800 14, 00,000 Table A-VI-C-2 gives,for a vane of chemicals,the constants 90 1,800,000 700 8,129,000 2,800 14,000,000 8• variety 100 2,0009000 800 8,768,000 and which can be used to compute the vapor generated and equivalent 120 29400,000 900 9,372,000 over free air for liquids other than hexane,where greater exactness is 140 2,800,000 1,000 10,000,000 desired.Inspections of the table will show that the use of hexane in 160 3,200,000 180 3,600,000 deriving Table 7902.2-H provides results which are within an ac- 200 1 4,000,000 1 1 1 1 1 ceptable degree of accuracy for the listed liquids. 1-347 APPENDIX VI-D 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE �Poea 3 0�21 14,090,000 Q= 14.090,000 0 9,950,000 4,000,000 mff z ' z �P 0 I.- a°' ' fill m 0 m m a w 400,000 x Q 20 200 1,000 2,800 A=EXPOSED WETTED SURFACE AREA IN SQUARE FEET(x 0.093 for m2) FIGURE A-VI-C-I-COMPOSITE CURVE BASED ON EQUATIONS FOUND IN TABLE A-VI-C-1 TABLE A-VI-C-2-CONSTANTS TO CALCULATE VAPOR GENERATED AND EQUIVALENT FREE AIR FOR LIQUIDS OTHER THAN HEXANE /, HEAT OF VAPORIZATION BTU PER L�l/V[ MOLECULAR LB.AT BOILING POINT CHEMICAL x 2.326 for kJ/kg WEIGHT x 2.326 for kJ/kg Acetaldehyde 1,673 44.05 252 Acetic acid 1,350 60.05 174 Acetic anhydride 1,792 102.09 177 Acetone 1,708 58.08 224 Acetonitrile 2,000 41.05 312 Acrylonitrile 1,930 53.05 265 n-Amyl alcohol 2,025 88.15 216 Aniline 1,795 93.12 186 Benzene 1,493 78.11 169 n-Butyl acetate 1,432 116.16 133 n-Butyl alcohol 2,185 74.12 254 Carbon disulfide 1,310 76.13 150 Chlorobenzene 1,422 112.56 134 Cyclohexane 1,414 84.16 154 Cyclohexanol 1,953 100.16 195 Cyclohexanone 1,625 98.14 164 o-Dichlorobenzene 1,455 147.01 120 cis-Dichloroethylene 1,350 96.95 137 Diethyl amine 1,403 73.14 164 Dimethyl acetamide 1,997 87.12 214 Dimethyl amine 1,676 45.08 250 Dimethyl formamide 2,120 73.09 248 Dioxane(diethylene ether) 1,665 88.10 177 Ethyl acetate 1,477 88.10 157 Ethyl alcohol 2,500 46.07 368 Ethyl chloride 1,340 64.52 167 Ethylene dichloride 1,363 98.97 137 Ethyl ether 1,310 74.12 152 Furan 1,362 68.07 165 Furfural 1,962 96.08 200 Gasoline 1,370-1,470 96.00 140-150 n-Heptane 1,383 100.20 138 n-Hexane 1,337 86.17 144 Hydrogen cyanide 2,290 27.03 430 Isoamyl alcohol 1,990 88.15 212 Isobutyl alcohol 2,135 74.12 248 Isopropyl alcohol 2,225 60.09 287 Methyl alcohol 2,680 32.04 474 (Continued) 1-.348 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-D TABLE A-VI-C-2-CONSTANTS TO CALCULATE VAPOR GENERATED AND EQUIVALENT FREE AIR FOR LIQUIDS OTHER THAN HEXANE-(Continued) L,r- HEAT OF VAPORIZATION BTU PER M MOLECULAR LB.AT BOILING POINT OHIMIOAL x 2.326 for kJ/kg WEIGHT x 2.326 for kJ/kg Methyl ethyl ketone 1,623 72.10 191 Methyl methacrylate 1,432 100.14 143 n-Octane 1,412 114.22 132 n-Pentane 1,300 72.15 153 N-Propyl acetate 1,468 102.13 145 n-Propyl alcohol 2,295 60.09 296 Tetrahydro furan 1,428 72.10 168 Toluene 1,500 92.13 156 Vinyl acetate 1,532 86.09 165 o-Xylene 1,538 1106.16 149 Note:For data on other chemicals,see chemistry handbook. TABLE A-VI-C-3-APPROXIMATE WETTED AREAS FOR HORIZONTAL TANKS WITH FLAT HEADS(square feet) (Wetted Area Equals 75 Percent Total Area) TANK DIAMETER(feet) TANK x 0.093 for m2 LENGT(feet)H 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 9 10 11 12 x 306 for mm APPROXIMATE WETTED AREA(square feet)-x 0.093 for m2 3 32 4 39 55 5 46 65 88 6 53 74 100 128 7 60 84 112 142 173 8 67 93 124 156 190 226 9 74 102 136 170 206 245 286 10 81 112 147 184 223 264 308 353 11 88 121 159 198 239 283 329 377 428 12 95 131 171 213 256 301 350 400 454 509 13 102 140 183 227 272 320 371 424 480 537 14 109 150 194 241 289 339 393 447 506 565 15 116 159 206 255 305 358 414 471 532 594 16 123 169 218 269 322 377 435 495 558 622 17 130 178 230 283 338 395 456 518 584 650 18 137 188 242 298 355 414 477 542 610 678 19 197 253 312 371 433 499 565 636 707 20 206 265 326 388 452 520 589 662 735 21 216 277 340 404 471 541 612 688 763 22 225 289 354 421 490 562 636 714 792 23 235 300 368 437 508 584 659 740 820 24 244 312 383 454 527 605 683 765 848 25 324 397 470 546 626 706 791 876 26 336 411 487 565 647 730 817 905 27 347 425 503 584 668 754 843 933 28 359 440 520 603 690 777 869 961 29 371 454 536 621 711 801 895 989 30 383 468 553 640 732 824 921 1,018 31 395 482 569 659 753 848 947 1,046 32 496 586 678 775 871 973 1,074 33 510 602 697 796 895 999 1,103 34 524 619 715 817 918 1,025 1,131 35 539 635 734 838 942 1,051 1,159 36 553 652 753 860 966 1,077 1,187 37 567 668 772 881 989 1,103 1,216 38 685 791 902 1,013 1,129 1,244 39 701 810 923 1,036 1,155 1,272 40 718 828 944 1,060 1,181 1,301 41 734 847 966 1,083 1,207 1,329 42 751 866 987 1,107 1,233 1,357 43 767 885 1,008 1,130 1,259 1,385 44 904 1,029 1,154 1,284 1,414 45 923 1,051 1,178 1,310 1,442 46 941 1,072 1,201 1,336 1,470 47 960 1,093 1,225 1,362 1,498 48 979 1,114 1,248 1,388 1,527 49 998 1,135 1,272 1,414 1,555 50 1,157 1,295 1,440 1,583 (Continued) 1-349 APPENDIX VI-D 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-C-3-APPROXIMATE WETTED AREAS FOR HORIZONTAL TANKS WITH FLAT HEADS(square feet) (Wetted Area Equals 75 Percent Total Area)--{Continued) TANK DIAMETER(feet) TANK x 0.093 for m2 LENGTH (feet) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x 305 for mm APPROXIMATE WETTED AREA(square feet)-x 0.093 for m2 51 1,178 1,319 1,466 1,612 52 1,199 1,342 1,492 1,640 53 1,220 1,366 1,518 1,668 54 1,246 1,389 1,544 1,696 55 1,263 1,413 1,570 1,725 56 1,437 1,593 1,753 57 1,460 1,622 1,781 58 1,484 1,648 1,809 59 1,507 1,674 1,839 60 1,531 1,700 1,866 61 1,726 1,894 62 1,752 1,923 63 1,778 1,951 64 1,803 1,979 65 1,829 2,007 66 1,855 2,036 67 2,064 68 2,092 69 2,120 70 2,149 71 2,177 72 2,205 1-350 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E APPENDIX VI-E MODEL CITATION PROGRAM (See UFC Section 103.4.1.1) SECTION 1 -GENERAL 2. A course of action to be taken when a condition exists that causes an immediate or extreme threat to life or property from fire 1.1 Scope. Many agencies charged with the responsibility of en- and explosion. forcing the Uniform Fire Code have determined that the issuance of citations is necessary for gaining compliance in some circum- 2.3 Authority. stances.Therefore,the following outline and examples have been 1. Ordinance, Section , grants au- drawn up to assist jurisdictions in the formulation of a citation pro- thority to use citations for violations of"any ordinance of the gram. 1.2 Initiating Correspondence. (See Figure A-VI-D-1.) The 2. Uniform Fire Code Section 103.4.1 states that the "chief is first step in establishing a citation program is to write a letter to the authorized to issue such orders as may be necessary for the en- appropriate legal officer of the jurisdiction stating the need,legal forcement of the fire prevention laws and ordinances." basis and intent to establish a program of this type. This letter 3. Pursuant to state law(section),citations for misdemeanors, should prompt a reply from the legal officer advising the enforcing any local or state code applicable to fire and life safety may be agency of the action necessary to implement the program. cited. 1.3 Citation Ordinance. (See Figure A-VI-D-2.)In a few juris- 2.4 Penalty. Ordinances:Not more than$500.00 fine; dictions,the legal officer has advised the enforcing agency that a imprisonment not more than six months;or both.A misdemeanor. municipal ordinance must be passed to allow for the issuance of Each day is a separate offense. citations.In such cases,a model ordinance is provided as an exam- 2.5 Materials Helpful in Writing a Citation. ple. 1. Uniform Fire Code. 1.4 Citation Program. In the majority of cases,the legal officer 2• List of court holidays. has required the enforcing agency to submit the complete program 3. List of common codes and sections violated. to the legal officer's office for review and approval. 2.6 Officer's Demeanor. The manner in which the officer con- 1.5 Components. The necessary components of a complete ducts a relationship with the violator is of paramount importance. citation program include the following: It has an effect on the violator's attitude throughout the duration of the citing period and a strong bearing on public opinion concern- 1. Operating procedure and policy.See Section 2. ing this department.A courteous and businesslike demeanor must 2. Sample forms. See Figures A-VI-D-3 and A-VI-D-4. be displayed, and officers should never enter into an argument. Remember,most violators blame the officer,not themselves.An 3. Bail schedule.See Figure A-VI-D-5. alert, confident manner and a reasonable attitude may affect the violator,creating a more favorable atmosphere for the issuance of the citation. SECTION 2-OPERATING PROCEDURE CITATION 2.7 Salutation or Introduction. It is very important for officers PROGRAM to adequately introduce themselves, establish their identity and 2.1 Department Policy. The fire prevention bureau shall be re- the purpose of their presence to the person in charge of the prem- sponsible for the enforcement of laws and regulations for the safe- ises. guarding, to a reasonable degree, of life and property from the 2.8 Reason to Issue Citation. Citations will not normally be is- hazards of fire and explosion and from conditions hazardous to sued on the first visit. When routine violations of the applicable life and property in the use or occupancy of buildings or premises fire code are encountered,citations will generally be issued fol- and their contents. lowing the third visit or second reinspection. It is the intent of the department to achieve compliance by tradi- If code compliance has not been obtained on the second visit or tional means of inspection, notification, granting of reasonable the first reinspection,the inspector should mention the possibility time to comply and reinspection. The citation shall be used only of a citation and the need to issue one.In all cases,adequate time after all reasonable means to gain compliance have failed or,with shall be provided between inspections.This will vary with the se- proper justification,at the discretion of the fire chief. riousness of the violation and the complexity of the work to be By department policy,only those members of the fire depart- done. ment specifically designated by the fire chief may issue citations. In those instances where the time limit for compliance has ex- pired but the violator is making a reasonable effort to comply and The adoption of the Uniform Fire Code is contained in the no immediate fire or life hazard exists,the decision not to issue a Ordinance, Division , Article I citation can be made by the inspector. Section , and establishes the procedures for handling violations of said code and applicable city ordinances. 2.9 Issuance of Citation. The citation(Notice to Appear)must be signed by the person responsible for the premises.This may be 2.2 Purpose. the owner,lessee or manager,but the citation must be issued to the 1. To gain compliance with the state and local codes, ordi- responsible person. nances and regulations,when all reasonable efforts have been un- 2.10 Making the Arrest(Issue Citation). A citation for a mis- successful. demeanor offense is an arrest.The violator's signature is a prom- 1-351 APPENDIX VI-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ise to appear as instructed and the violator is released upon the 2.13.4 Citation procedures. The citation procedures are: violator's signing.Refusal to sign would require physical arrest. 1. Adults being cited (19 years or older) must be able to be (See Refusal to Sign Citation,below.) reached in the event a bench warrant is issued. After the officer has made a decision to arrest,the officer should 2. Adults cited shall be cited in the local judicial court. make the arrest by notifying the violator that the violator is ar- rested,the cause for the arrest and the authority to make the arrest 3. Juveniles shall be cited in the juvenile court. (enabling state or local law). 4. Citation books shall be issued by citation number to the as- 2.11 Refusal to Sign Citation. The citation is a release stating signed inspector.The inspector is accountable for each citation by that the defendant will appear in court or post bail in lieu of physi- number. cal arrest.In extreme cases,one may encounter an individual who 5. The citation shall be filled out completely and correctly and will refuse to sign the citation. After all reasonable efforts have all pertinent information entered. been pursued and a signature is not obtainable,the fire prevention officer will summon a police officer or sheriff,explain the situa- 6. When the citation is written and completed,copies will be tion to such officer, and request a physical arrest(per state law). distributed as follows: 2.12 Accountability. Each citation is numbered and accounted 6.1 Cited person's copy-give to violator. for.A list of all citations will be maintained in the headquarters fire 6.2 Court copy(original)-attach copies of inspection notices prevention office according to the area office of issuance. and a summary sheet and deliver to the district attorney or If a mistake is made while a citation is being written,it shall be the city attorney. voided and the office copy given to the fire department citation 6.3 File copy (fire department's copy)-forward to the fire clerk for filing. chief's office;a duplicate will be returned to the field of- fice for the occupancy file. 2.13 Procedures. 7. The fire department shall keep a citation log entering each 2.13.1 Routine violations. A written notice shall be issued citation and final disposition. whenever a code violation is encountered.The notice shall be is- 2.14 Restrictions.Restrictions are as follows: sued to the persons responsible for the premises or their authorized representative. 1. Citations shall be issued only after all responsible means to gain voluntary compliance have been exhausted as supported by The time established for reinspection may vary depending on documentation. circumstances, but generally, within 15-30 days, one of the fol- lowing should occur: EXCEPTION: Citations issued for violations which present im- minent life hazards such as trespassing in a closed area,smoking in 1. Compliance with all requirements. closed or restricted areas,failure to obey lawful orders of a fire inspec- tor,faulty equipment or procedures,and violations of a similar nature 2. Partial compliance with a designated reinspection date. will not require prior justification. 3. A satisfactory proposal for compliance with an agreed-upon 2• Citations shall be issued only by qualified officers as desig- time for completion. nated by the fire chief. 4. A final notice issued with a warning of pending legal action. 2.15 Use of Citation.Uses of citations are as follows: The amount of time permitted for compliance shall be depen- 1. Citations shall be used only where a violation of a specific dent upon the hazard and danger created by the violation.Exces- section of the appropriate code or ordinance has occurred. sive time for compliance may weaken the fire department's 2. Documentation establishing prior efforts to gain compliance position in the event legal action is required. shall be in evidence. When deemed necessary by the enforcing agency, a courtesy EXCEPTION: Citations issued for violations which present im- pre-citation letter may be issued to warn of a pending citation(see minent life hazards such as trespassing in a closed area,smoking in Figure A-VI-D-3).Such letters may be sent by certified mail if the closed or restricted areas,failure to obey lawful orders of a fire inspec- violator is not available. tor,faulty equipment or procedures,and violations of similar nature will not require prior justification. 2.13.2 Imminent hazards. Order hazard abated,and 3. Issuing person shall be qualified as required by state law. 1. If the hazard is abated as requested,follow with a pre-cita- 4. The offense for which the citation is issued shall be a misde- tion letter advising of a citation procedure for future or similar meanor and not a felony. violations.Citation may be issued if it is a repeat violation. 5. The date to appear as shown on the citation shall be as set 2. If the hazard is not abated,inspector takes action necessary forth by the local municipal court from the date of issuance. to abate the hazard and citation is issued immediately. 6. Whenever the issuing person questions the uncertainty of re- 2.13.3 Transient violations (violations not occurring at a per- leasing the violator upon signing the citation on his promise to ap- manent place of business). pear, the assistance of a sheriff or police officer should be 1. Violations involving persons who are transient are handled requested. by a citation or by arrest if the violation is committed in the inspec- 7. All violations shall be indicated on the citation with refer- tor's presence. ence to the appropriate code or regulations,including the specific 2. When a physical arrest is necessary,a local law enforcement section number. officer (sheriff or police) shall be requested to take the violator 8. All violations as shown on the citation shall be explained to into custody and to ensure proper procedures are followed. the violator prior to his signing. 1-352 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E FIGURE A-VI-D-I—MODEL CITATION INITIATION CORRESPONDENCE Address correspondence to the appropriate legal officer in the municipality or district(i.e.,city attorney or district attorney). Dear The Fire Department is proposing to initiate a citation program.This department has deter- mined that there is a need for this type of action and,in some applications,would appropriately serve the legal process.To date,where we have been unable to gain compliance through routine inspection,notifications,rein- spections,granting of time,explanations and extensions,we have had to file formal complaints.This process has consistently resulted in extended delays,continuing violations and added work for legal departments.Also, in special situations where immediate action must be taken,citations could be issued to individuals violating the law. This department is currently required by law to enforce laws pertaining to fire and life safety. Section 103.2.1.2 of the Uniform Fire Code reads as follows: 103.2.1.2.Authority of Fire Personnel to Exercise Powers of Police Officers. The chief and members of the fire prevention bureau shall have the powers of a police officer in per- forming their duties under this code. . . This provision of the Uniform Fire Code makes it clear that firefighters have the powers of police officers to enforce the Uniform Fire Code. It would be our intent to continue to follow the normal notice procedure presently being used and to issue citations only in those situations where it is deemed applicable.Citations would not be issued at the time of first contact except in unusual circumstances. The proposed program would eliminate the clerical and legal work of many cases which currently must go through the complaint process. Please review the program as submitted and contact for your response to the proposed pro- gram. FIGURE A-VI-D-2—MODEL CITATION ORDINANCE ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ADDING SECTION TO THE MUNICIPAL CODE, PROVIDING FOR CITY COUNCIL DESIGNATION OF EMPLOYEES AND OFFICERS AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE ARREST CITATIONS. THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1.Chapter of the Municipal Code is hereby amended by the addition thereto of a new section,to be numbered and reading as follows: Issuance of Citations by Designated Officers and Employees.Officers and employees of the city who have the discretionary duty to enforce a statute or ordinance may,pursuant to Section of(state law)and subject to the provisions hereof,arrest a person without a warrant whenever any such officer or employee has reasonable cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed a misde- meanor in the officer's or employee's presence which he or she has the discretionary duty to enforce,and to issue a notice to appear and to release such person on the person's written promise to appear in court,pur- suant to Section of the t w).Officers and employees shall not be allowed by their superior to exercise the arrest and citation authority herein conferred,unless such officer or employee is within a clas- sification of city officers and employees designated by resolution of the city council to exercise such arrest and citation authority as to specified misdemeanor violations.The city manager shall establish and cause to be administered a special enforcement training program designed to instruct each officer or employee who will exercise such arrest and citation authority,regarding the provisions of the statutes and ordinances to be enforced,the evidentiary prerequisites to proper prosecution for violations thereof,the appropriate proce- dures for making arrests or otherwise prudently exercising such arrest and citation authority,and the legal and practical ramifications and limitations attendant thereto.Any such officers or employees shall be ap- propriately instructed to deposit executed citations or notices within the(appropriate agency)for filing with the court after review for legal sufficiency. SECTION 2.Effective Date.This ordinance shall be in full force and effect thirty(30)days after passage. SECTION 3.Publication.The city clerk is hereby ordered and directed to certify to the passage of this ordinance and to cause same to be published once in a daily newspaper of general circulation, printed,published and circulated in the City of ADOPTED this day of , 19 1-353 APPENDIX VI-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE FIGURE A-VI-D-3—PRE-CITATION LETTER Date Certified Mail—Return receipt requested Delivered in person Dear The ,Fire Department conducted a firesafety inspection at the following: Name Address on(date) At that time a notice was issued indicating the corrections required to provide compliance with the applicable codes,regulations and ordinances.Compliance is required by Uniform Fire Code Section 103.4.3. Reinspections were made on(date of reinspection)in an attempt to gain compliance with the above-men- tioned Fire Code regulations.We were unsuccessful in obtaining compliance. This letter is to inform you that a fine inspector for the Fire Department will make a reinspection at the above-mentioned establishment on to determine if the necessary corrections have been made. If the necessary corrections have not been completed by ,a citation will be issued which will re- quire an appearance by you in court. This letter is written as a courtesy to you in order to avoid future litigation. Name Title 1-354 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E FIGURE A-VI-D-4 FORMS APPROVED BY JUDICIAL COUNCIL [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation] FACE SIDE OF THE FORM CITY OF NOTICE TO APPEAR NO. 0001 DATE TIME GAY OF WEEK 19 M NAME(FIRST,MIDDLE,LAST) RESIDENCE ADDRESS CITY BUSINESS ADDRESS CITY DRIVER'S LICENSE NO. STATE CLASS BIRTHDATE SEX HAIR EYES HEIGHT WEIGHT OTHER DES. M F EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION BIRTHPLACE SOCIAL SECURITY NO, VEHK:LE LICENSE NO, STATE YEAR OP VENIC>E MAKE MODEL BODY STYLE — COLOR-OFFENSES(S) CODE $901110114 DESCRIPTION EVIDENCESEVIED BOOKING REQUIRED ❑ LOCATION OF OFFENSE(S)COMMITTED OFFENSE(S)NOT COMMITTED IN MY PRESENCE.CERTIFIED ON INFORMATION AND BELIEF 1 CERTIFY UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY THAT THE FORE- GOING IS TRUE AND CORRECT,EXECUTED ON THE DATE SHOWN AT ABOVE ISSUING OFFICER CALIF. SERIAL NO. (PLACE) NAME OF ARRESTING OFFICER—IF DIFFERENT FROM ABOVE SERIAL NO. VACATION DATED TO WITHOUT ADMITTING GUILT,I PROMISE TO APPEAR AT THE TIME AND PLACE CHECKED BELOW. X SIGNATURE BEFORE A JUDGE OR A CLERK OF TIC IMUNICIPAL OR JUSTICE COURT (ADIMSM DATE "AE Tw-miw- M I S DAYS FORM APPROVED BY THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF SEE REVERSE SIDE Grey areas indicate spaces subject to local or agency requirements. (Continued) 1-355 APPENDIX VI-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE FIGURE A-VI-D4--(Continued) RULES OF COURT [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation] REVERSE SIDE OF VIOLATOR'S COPY IMPORTANT—READ CAREFULLY WARNING: WILLFUL FAILURE TO APPEAR AS PROMISED IS A SEPARATE VIOLATION FOR WHICH YOU MAY BE ARRESTED AND PUNISHED BY 6 MONTHS IN JAIL AND/OR $500.00 FINE, REGARDLESS OF THE DISPOSITION OF THE ORIGINAL CHARGE. OFFICE OF COURT CLERK—HOURS S t» fi O ID C7 m r z m to a (Continued) 1-356 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-E FIGURE A-VI-D-4--(Continued) FORMS APPROVED BY JUDICIAL COUNCIL [Form for Uniform Misdemeanor Citation] REVERSE SIDE OF COURT COPY BAIL: THE DEFENDANT IS TO BE ADMITTED TO BAIL IN THE SUM OF DOLLARS JUDGE SWKING:(o BE ORDERED ONLY ON THE REoUEST OF A!{REsTma OFFICER)THE DEFENDANT I6 OR- DERED TO REPORT TO THE[NAME of THE ARREsTiNs AGENCY]AT[ADDRESS.) AND TO BE BOOKED AS PRONiiUED BY LAW. to JUDGE z Pn a m m 1-357 APPENDIX VI-E 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE FIGURE A-VI-D-5 Bail Schedule INSERT LOCAL ORDINANCES WHERE APPLICABLE SECTION OFFENSE BAIL 103.4.3.1 Noncompliance with Orders or Notices $500.00 103.4.3.2 Noncompliance with Condemnation Tag 500.00 103.4.3.3 Removal and Destruction of Tags and Signs 500.00 103.4.4 Unlawful Continuance of Hazards 500.00 All other violations are$75.00 plus court costs.Fines are forfeitable on first offense and mandatory appear- ance is required on second offense. 1-358 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-F APPENDIX VI-F MODEL FEES AND CHARGES PROGRAM SECTION 1 —GENERAL EXCEPTION:These permit charges shall not apply to activities of nonprofit corporations or civic or fraternal organizations that possess 1.1 Scope.Many agencies and jurisdictions charged with the re- an Internal Revenue Service tax exempt status.However,these groups sponsibility of reviewing plans, issuing permits and conducting will be assessed plan review and inspection fees. inspections relating to construction or installation of automatic sprinkler systems,alarm systems,hood and duct fire-extinguish- SECTION 3--STANDARD HOURLY FEE ing systems and other fire-and life-safety systems for compliance with the UFC and other laws and ordinances,and other services There shall be a standard hourly fee of dollars provided,have determined that fees and other charges are neces- ($ ), with a one-hour minimum,charged for all inspec- sary to offset the cost of personnel and equipment.Therefore,the tion and plan review work unless specifically exempted. following outline and examples have been drawn up to assist ju- All reinspections (follow-up inspections) shall be charged at risdictions in the formulation of a uniform fees and charges pro- the standard hourly fee with a one-half-hour minimum.When a gram. requester fails to cancel a requested inspection prior to the time of the inspection,the first half-hour of the standard hourly fee will be 1.2 Initiating Correspondence. The first step in establishing a charged. fees and charges program is to write a letter to the appropriate le- gal officer of the jurisdiction stating the need,legal basis and in- All inspections, plan reviews and consultations shall be tent to establish a program of this type.This letter should prompt a charged this standard hourly fee,unless otherwise specified. reply from the legal officer advising the enforcing agency of the The standard hourly fee shall be adjusted at a rate that provides action necessary to implement the program. for cost recovery when the department is requested to review plans or conduct inspections as an extension to the normal work 1.3 Fee Ordinance.In many jurisdictions, the legal officer has day. advised the enforcing agency that a municipal ordinance must be passed to allow for the charging of permit and service fees.In such cases, this appendix is provided as an example. SECTION 4— RENEWABLE PERMIT FEES Each jurisdiction will have to design its ordinance according to 4.1 General.When an inspection or plan review is conducted by its practices and local and state laws.This appendix is designed as the bureau of fire prevention to ensure proper design,installation an example and guideline.This example is based on a permit fee or permit compliance,the standard hourly fee for the first hour of and cost recovery system.The permit fee can be a calculation of inspection or the first hour of plan review,when required,shall be the administrative costs of the service and the inspection and plan paid at the time of application.Fees for subsequent hours of plan review designed to calculate charges based on hourly rate and the review shall be paid prior to the issuance of the permit.Fees for time spent working on the task. subsequent hours of inspection shall be paid prior to issuance of a Based on local considerations, it may not be appropriate to certificate of occupancy.The permit fee shall be in addition to the charge for some permits or services. standard hourly fee in accordance with the following: PERMITS (Section 105.8) PERMIT FEE SECTION 2— PERMIT AND SERVICE FEES Aerosol products(a.l) $ ORDINANCE Aircraft refueling vehicles (a.2) $ Aircraft repair hangar(a.3) $ 2.1 Purpose.The purpose of this ordinance is to establish fees for Automobile wrecking yard(a.5) $ specific Fire Code permits as defined in the UFC,as adopted by Battery system (b.1) $ this jurisdiction and for the establishment of fees for service per- Candles and open flames in assembly areas* (c.1) $ formed by the bureau of fire prevention. Cellulose nitrate film(c.3) $ 2.2 Definitions.All terminology not defined in this chapter shall Cellulose nitrate storage(c.4) $ be defined as stated in the UFC as adopted by this jurisdiction. Combustible fiber storage(c.5) $ Combustible material storage(c.6) $ 2.3 Permits and Service Fees.A fee in accordance with the fol- Commercial rubbish-handling operation(c.8) $ lowing schedule shall be paid to the bureau of fire prevention at Compressed gases (c.7) $ the time of application for:(1)a RENEWABLE PERMIT,(2)an Cryogens (c.9) $ INSTALLATION or REMOVAL and ALTERATION PERMIT, (3)an ACTIVITY PERMIT,(4)any OTHER SERVICE,(5)any Dry cleaning plants $ RECORDS,PHOTOGRAPHS or DOCUMENTS,or(6)a HAZ- ARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE PERMIT.Such fee shall not Explosives or blasting agents*;use or be refunded upon failure of an applicant to receive the permit. transportation (e.1) $ Failure to apply for necessary permits or service may result in an Fireworks*;manufacture,compound, store (f.2) $ order from the fire marshal to obtain a permit or service. Such an Flammable or combustible liquids; pipelines, store, order shall be considered as application made for the necessary handle,use(f.3) $ permit or service. Fruit ripening(f.4) $ Fees are payable upon permit application. Failure to pay for Hazardous materials; store,transport on site, permit,plan review or inspection fees imposed by this fee sched- dispense,use,handle(h.l) $ ule,within the time period specified,shall render such permit null Hot-work operations* (h.3) $ and void. High-piled combustible storage (h.2) $ 1-359 APPENDIX VI-F 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Liquefied petroleum gases*;store, use,handle, SECTION 6- INSPECTION OR PLAN REVIEW FEES dispense (1.1) $ FOR ACTIVITY PERMITS Lumber yards (1.3) $ 6.1 General.When an inspection or plan review is conducted by Magnesium working (m.1) $ the bureau of fire prevention to ensure proper design,installation Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations (m.3) $ or permit compliance,the standard hourly fee for the first hour of Organic coatings (o.2) $ _ inspection or the first hour of plan review,when required,shall be Places of assembly (p.2) $ paid at the time of application.Fees for subsequent hours of plan Radioactive materials (r.l) $ review and inspection shall be paid prior to the issuance of the Refrigeration equipment; operate (r.2) $ permit.A separate permit for a specific period of time shall be ob- tained for each location where such operations are performed. Repair garages (r.3) $ The permit fee shall be in addition to the standard hourly fee in Spraying or dipping(s.1) $ accordance with the following: Tire storage(t.2) $ PERMITS (Section 105.8) PERMIT FEE Wood products(w.1) $ Bowling pin or alley refinishing(b.2) $ *Asterisked items are also found under Section 6, Candles and open flames in assembly areas* (c.l) $ Activity Permits. Carnivals and fairs (c.2) $ 4.2 Combination Renewable Permit Fees.When more than one Explosives or blasting agents*; use,dispose(e.l) $ type of renewable permit is required by Section 105 for a single Fireworks*; displays (f.2) $ occupancy,a combination permit may be issued for a single fee of Hot-work operations* (h.3) $ dollars($ ). Liquefied petroleum gases*; install containers(1.1)$ Liquid-or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings (1.2) $ SECTION 5-INSPECTION AND PLAN REVIEW Mall,covered(m.2) $ FEES FOR INSTALLATION, REMOVAL OR ALTERATION OF EQUIPMENT Open burning p.1) $ Parade floats (p.l) $ When an inspection or plan review is conducted by the bureau of Pyrotechnical special effects material (p.3) $ fire prevention to ensure proper design and installation,the stan- Temporary membrane structures, tents and dard hourly fee for the first hour of inspection or the first hour of canopies (t.l) $ plan review,when required, shall be paid at the time of applica- *Asterisked items are also found under Section 4, tion.Fees for subsequent hours of plan review shall be paid prior Renewable Permits. to the issuance of the permit.Fees for subsequent hours of inspec- 6.2 Fees for Other Services.When other services by the bureau tion shall be paid prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy. of fire prevention are required,the following fees,as listed below, PERMITS (Section 105.8) PERMIT FEE shall be paid. Asbestos removal (a.4) $ SERVICE SERVICE FEE Compressed gases*;install a Applications for Use of Alternate system (c.7) $ per system Methods Application Fee $ Cryogens*;install a system(c.9) $ per system Consultation(including review of Fixed systems (fire-protection systems, projects prior to submission for a Article 10) $ per device or building permit and of projects that $ whichever is do not require a building permit) Standard Hourly Fee greater Consultation(including those done Flammable or combustible liquids*; under UFC section allowing remove,install,construct, alter or technical assistance) Consultant's Hourly Fee abandon an underground or Fire Watch Service aboveground tank(f.3) $ per tank (_-hour minimum) Standard Hourly Fee or task Hydrant Flow Test Standard Hourly Fee Hazardous materials*; install, repair, Inspection and Plan Reviews Standard Hourly Fee abandon, remove, place out-of-service, Inspections Mandated by State or tanks or piping,close or modify a Federal Law Standard Hourly Fee storage facility(h.1) $ per tank Lock Box Service $ or task Review Fee Standard Hourly Fee Liquefied petroleum gases*; SECTION 7-FEES FOR RECORDS, PHOTOGRAPHS installation (1.1) $ per tank AND DOCUMENTS Ovens, industrial baking or drying(o.3) $ per oven) furnace or The following fees shall be paid for fire department records, kiln photographs and documents,except for records subpoenaed. Refrigeration equipment*; (Note: Consideration should be given to any laws regulating installation (r.2) $ per system the release of public records.) Spraying or dipping* (s.1) $ per booth ITEM FEE *Asterisked items are also found under 1. Any fire department record the Activity(Section 6)or Renewable (including fire report/investigation Permit(Section 4) sections. report) $ per page 1-�360 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-F 2. Audio cassette tapes $ TABLE A-VI-F-I—PERMIT CALCULATION TABLES 3. Photographs: QUANTITY RANGES 3.1. Black and white Liquids In Gallons 31/2 inches by 31/2 inches x 3.785for L Range 0 0 (88.9 mm by 88.9 mm) $ 54 1 4 inches by 5 inches 500 2 (101.6 mm by 127 mm) $ 6 3 1,83 6 4 31/2 inches by 5 inches 4,500 5 15,180 (88.9 mm by 127 mm) $ 65,581 7 3.2. Color 70,000 8 31/2 inches by 31/2 inches 85,0000 10 (88.9 mm by 88.9 mm) $ Solids by Pounds 4 inches by 5 inches x 0.4536 for kg Range (101.6 mm by 127 mm) $ 0 0 31/2 inches by 5 inches 1 00 2 (88.9 mm by 127 mm) $ 2,000 3 8 inches by 10 inches 4,000 5 (203.2 mm by 254 mm) $ 5,000 6 3.3. Enlargements: 10,000 7 11,000 8 Black and white $ 12,000 9 Color $ 15,000 10 Gases by Cubic Feet 3.4. VCR tape $ x 0.028 for m3 Range 0 0 199 1 1,999 2 SECTION S—ANNUAL HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 3,600 3 STORAGE PERMIT FEE 16,6,400 4 400 5 35,000 6 The annual fee is$ per quantity range,based on quan- 54,000 7 74,000 8 tities stored,manufactured,used in process,sold,transported or 80,000 9 otherwise utilized in the form of liquids, solids or gases. 90,000 10 1-361 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-G B APPENDIX VI-G B B B B REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE UNIFORM BUILDING CODE B B B Table NO TAG—DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCIES BY GROUP AND DIVISION B B B GROUP AND SECTION DESCRIPTION OF OCCUPANCY1 B DIVISION _ _ __ B A-1 A building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of 1,000 or more and a legitimate B stage. B — e A-2 A building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of less than 1,000 and a legitimate BB stage. B A-2.1 A building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of 300 or more without a legitimate B 303.1.1 stage,including such buildings used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group B Occupancy. BB A-3 Any building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an occupant load of less than 300 without a B legitimate stage,including such buildings used for educational purposes and not classed as a Group E or Group B B Occupancy. B A-4 Stadiums,reviewing stands and amusement park structures not included within other Group A Occupancies. B B 304.1 A building or structure,or a portion thereof,for office,professional or service-type transactions,including storage of BB records and accounts,and eating and drinking establishments with an occupant load of less than 50. B E-1 Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by 50 or more persons for more than 12 hours per B week or four hours in any one day. B E-2 305.1 Any building used for educational purposes through the 12th grade by less than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per BB week or four hours in any one day. B E-3 Any building or portion thereof used for day-care purposes for more than six persons. B F-1 Moderate-hazard factory and industrial occupancies including factory and industrial uses not classified as Group F, B Division 2 Occupancies. B 306.1 B F-2 Low-hazard factory and industrial occupancies including facilities producing noncombustible or nonexplosive materials BB which during finishing,packing or processing do not involve a significant fire hazard. B H-1 Occupancies with a quantity of material in the building in excess of those listed in Table 3-D which present a high B explosion hazard as listed in Section 307.1.1. B H-2 Occupancies with a quantity of material in the building in excess of those listed in Table 3-D which present a moderate B explosion hazard or a hazard from accelerated burning as listed in Section 307.1.1. B H-3 307.1 Occupancies with a quantity of material in the building in excess of those listed in Table 3-D which present a high fire B or physical hazard as listed in Section 307.1.1. B B H-4 Repair garages not classified as Group S,Division 3 Occupancies. B H-5 Aircraft repair hangars not classified as Group S,Division 5 Occupancies and heliports. B B H-Semicond Semiconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and development areas when the facilities in which B uctor 307.1 and hazardous production materials are used,and the aggregate quantity of material is in excess of those listed in Table 3-D B Fabrication 307.11 or Table 3-E. B Facilities B H-7 Occupancies having quantities of materials in excess of those listed in Table 3-E that are health hazards as listed in B 307.1 Section 307.1.1. B I-1.1 Nurseries for the full-time care of children under the age of six(each accommodating more than five children), B hospitals,sanitariums,nursing homes with nonambulatory patients and similar buildings(each accommodating more B than five patients). B B I-1.2 Health-care centers for ambulatory patients receiving outpatient medical care which may render the patient incapable of B 308.1 unassisted self-preservation(each tenant space accommodating more than five such patients). B I-2 Nursing homes for ambulatory patients,homes for children six years of age or over(each accommodating more than B five persons). B I-3 Mental hospitals,mental sanitariums,jails,prisons,reformatories and buildings where personal liberties of inmates are B similarly restrained. B M 309.1 A building or structure,or a portion thereof,for the display and sale of merchandise,and involving stocks of goods, B wares or merchandise,incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public. B R-1 Hotels and apartment houses,congregate residences(each accommodating more than 10 persons). B 310.1 B R-3 Dwellings,lodging houses,congregate residences(each accommodating 10 or fewer persons). B S-1 Moderate hazard storage occupancies including buildings or portions of buildings used for storage of combustible B materials not classified as Group S,Division 2 or Group H Occupancies. B S-2 Low-hazard storage occupancies including buildings or portions of buildings used for storage of noncombustible B materials. B 311.1 B rS--4 Repair garages where work is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance not requiring open flame or welding and B parking garages not classified as Group S,Division 4 Occupancies. B Open parking garages. B Aircraft hangars and helistops. BB Private garages,carports,sheds and agricultural buildings. B 312.1 U-2 Fences over 6 feet(182.9 mm)high,tanks and towers. -J B For detailed descriptions,see the occupancy descriptions in the noted sections. B NOTE:UFC Section 216 contains complete descriptions. B 1-363 APPENDIX VI-G 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE B B Table NO TAG—REQUIRED SEPARATION IN BUILDINGS OF MIXED OCCUPANCY1(HOURS) B _4 ---J__ - i— -I B A 1 A 12 A�2. i�A 3 �AN B I N 31 1 F 2 I H2� H H ,S�H�43 ,n T AA i R11 TRi 3 S3 S-2S-3 S- U i13 B B A-2 - ' N-_� N- N _I N+1 1 � 4-4 a _ -3 -1 -1 -1- 1 _ 1B -- I- A-2.1 4� 4 4 JJ 1 B A-3 N N N N N 4 4 4 3 2 N4 1 1 N N 3 1 1 Bf E -- - - -- Y I NS 2- 4~--1 I 1-2 N 1 l N -N 1- 1 - A-4 + 1 N 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 1 _1 1 1 1 3 1 1 B4 3 1 1 1 1 l 1 3 1 1 g 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 N5 1 1 N N 1 1 1 B H 1 -- 1 --1 -- 1 --NOT PERMITTED IN OCCUPANCIES.2 1 1 1 N N 1 1 1 e SEE CHAPTER 3. � � B H-2 ! 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 1 B H-3 1 1 4 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 - -- B H-4,5 - -- - - - -—� 1- 4_ 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 B H-6,72 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 3 B I 2 1 1 2 2 4 3 1 { B � 1 g _ �_- - _ - �� I14- 1 1 1 B �---- - M � - --I—�-1- 1- - - 3 1 3 1 1 B R3 B � BS-2 1 1 N B S-3 1 1 — --- -- - - - -_ �L �- I - -� BS-4 OPEN PARKING GARAGES ARE EXCLUDED EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 311.2. - B S-5 N BN-No requirements for fire resistance. B1 For detailed requirements and exceptions,see Section 302.4. B 2For special provisions on highly toxic materials,see the Fire Code. B3For agricultural buildings,see also Appendix Chapter 3. B 4See Section 309.2.2 for exception. B5For Group F,Division I woodworking establishments with more than 2,500 square feet(232.3 m2),the occupancy separation shall be one hour. B B B B B TABLE NO TAG—REQUIRED SEPARATION OF SPECIFIC-USE AREAS IN GROUP I, B DIVISION 1.1 HOSPITALS AND NURSING HOMES B B DESCRIPTION OCCUPANCY SEPARATION B B 1. Employee locker rooms None B B 2. Gift/retail shops None B B 3. Handicraft shops None B B 4. Kitchens None B B 5. Laboratories which employ hazardous materials B in quantities less than that which would cause B classification as a Group H Occupancy One hour B B6. Laundries greater than 100 sq.ft.(9.3 m2)1 One hour B7. Paint shops employing hazardous substances g and materials in quantities less than that which B would cause classification as a Group H B Occupancy One hour B B 8. Physical plant maintenance shop One hour B 9. Soiled linen rooms One hour B 10. Storage rooms 100 sq.ft.(9.3 in 2)or less in Barea storing combustible material None B 11. Storage rooms more than 100 sq.ft.(9.3 in storing combustible material One hour 12. Trash-collection rooms] _ - 1 _ - - One hour - — For rubbish and linen chute termination rooms,see the Building Code. 1-364 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-G B TABLE NO TAG-MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS B B B B MINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) B B QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALl x 304.6 for mm B _ _ _ B Pounds Over Pounds Not Over Property Lines2 and Inhabited Buildings3 B Separation of B x 0.4536 for kg Barricaded4 Unbarricaded Magazines4,5,6 B 2 5 70 140 12 B 5 10 90 180 16 B 10 20 110 220 20 B 20 30 125 250 22 B B 30 40 140 280 24 _ B 40 50 150 300 28 B B 50 75 170 340 30 B B 75 100 190 380 32 B 100 125 200 400 36 B 125 150 215 430 38 B -- - B 150 200 235 470 42 B 200 250 255 510 46 B 250 300 270 540 48 B B 300 400 295 590 54 B B 400 500 320 640 58 B _ _ B 500 600 340 680 62 B 600 700 355 710 64 B 700 800 375 750 66 B 800 900 390 780 70 B B 900 1,000 400 800 72 B 1,000 1,200 425 850 78 B 1,200 1,400 450 900 82 B B 1,400 1,600 470 940 86 B B 1,600 1,800 490 980 88 B 1,800 2,000 505 1,010 90 B 2,000 2,500 545 1,090 98 B 2,500 3,000 580 1,160 104 B 3,000 4,000 635 1,270 116 B 4,000 5,000 685 1,370 122 B B 5,000 6,000 730 1,460 130 B 6,000 7,000 770 1,540 136 B B 7,000 8,000 800 1,600 144 B 8,000 9,000 835 1,670 150 B 9,000 10,000 865 1,730 156 B 10,000 12,000 875 1,750 164 B 12,000 14,000 885 1,770 174 B B 14,000 16,000 900 1,800 180 B B 16,000 18,000 940 1,880 188 B B 18,000 20,000 975 1,950 196 B B 20,000 25,000 1,055 2,000 210 B B 25,000 30,000 1,130 2,000 224 B 30,000 35,000 1,205 2,000 238 B 35,000 40,000 1,275 2,000 248 B 40,000 45,000 1,340 2,000 258 B 45,000 50,000 1,400 2,000 270 B B 50,000 55,000 1,460 2,000 280 B 55,000 60,000 1,515 2,000 290 B B 60,000 65,000 1,565 2,000 300 B 65,000 70,000 1,610 2,000 310 B 70,000 75,000 1,655 2,000 320 B 75,000 80,000 1,695 2,000 330 80,000 85,000 1,730 2,000 340 85,000 90,000 1,760 2,000 350 1-365 APPENDIX VI-G 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 90,000 95,000 1,790 2,000 360 95,000 100,000 1,815 1 2,000 370 (Continued) 1-.366 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-G B B TABLE NO TAG-MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE MATERIA Continued BMINIMUM DISTANCE(feet) B QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL1 x 304.8 for mm B Pounds Over Pounds Not Over Property LineS2 and Inhabited Buildings3 Separation of B x 0.4536 for kg Barricade& Unbarricaded Magazines4,5,6 B 1001000 110,000 1,835 2,000 390 e 110,000 120,000 1,855 2,000 410 B120,000 130,000 1,875 2,000 430 B 130,000 140,000 1,890 2,000 450 B 140,000 150,000 1,900 2,000 470 B 150,000 160,000 1,935 2,000 490 B B 160,000 170,000 1,965 2,000 510 B e 170,000 180,000 1,990 2,000 530 B 180,000 190,000 2,010 2,010 550 e 190,000 200,000 2,030 2,030 570 B 200,000 210,000 2,055 2,055 590 S 210,000 230,000 2,100 2,100 630 B 230,000 250,000 2,155 2,155 670 e B 250,000 275,000 2,215 2,215 720 B B 275,000 300,000 2,275 2,275 770 B BThe number of pounds(kg)of explosives listed is the number of pounds of trinitrotoluene(TNT)or the equivalent pounds(kg)of other explosive. B ZThe distance listed is the distance to property line,including property lines at public ways. B3Inhabited building is any building on the same property which is regularly occupied by human beings.When two or more buildings containing explosives or maga- B zines are located on the same property,each building or magazine shall comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings,and,in addition, B they shall be separated from each other by not less than the distances shown for"Separation of Magazines,"except that the quantity of explosive materials con- 8 twined in detonator buildings or magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said detonator buildings or magazines from buildings or magazines containing Ban other explosive materials.If any two or more buildings or magazines are separated from each other by less th the specified"Separation of Magazines"distances, B then such two or more buildings or magazines,as a group,shall be considered as one building or magazine,and the total quantity of explosive materials stored in B such group shall be treated as if the explosive were in a single building or magazine located on the site of any building or magazine of the group,and shall comply B with the minimum distance specified from other magazines or inhibited buildings. B 4Barricades shall effectively screen the building containing explosives from other buildings,public ways or magazines.When mounds or revetted walls of earth are B used for barricades,they shall not be less than 3 feet(914 mm)in thickness.A straight line from the top of any side wall of the building containing explosive B materials to the eave line of any other building,magazine or a point 12 feet(3658 nun)above the center line of a public way shall pass through the barricades. B 5Magazine is a building or structure approved for storage of explosive materials.In addition to the requirements of this code,magazines shall comply with the Fire B Code. B6The distance listed may be reduced by 50 percent when approved natural or artificial barriers are provided in accordance with the requirements in Footnote 4. B B B B B B B B B TABLE NO TAG-EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1.2,3 B For exceptions,see Section 503.4. B EXTERIOR WALLS B B Bearing Nonbearing OPENINGS6 B Distances are measured to property lines(see Section 503). B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION B GROUP` TYPE x 304.8 for mm B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-ER. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B One-hour N/C less than 40 feet BNR,N/C elsewhere B II One-hour B A-1 II-N e III One-hour BIII-N Group A,Division 1 Occupancies are not allowed in these construction types. g IV-H.T. BV One-hour B V-N B A-2 I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet e A-2.1 II-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet e A-3 III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet e A-4 IV-H.T. NR,N/C elsewhere BII One-hour Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour N/C elsewhere feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet II-N A2i2 III-N Group A,Divisions 2 and 2.1 Occupancies are not allowed in these construction types. V-N V One-hour Two-hour less than 10 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet One-hour elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet 1-367 APPENDIX VI-G 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE B TABLE NO TAG—EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3—(Continued) B EXTERIOR WALLS B Bearing Nonbearing OPENINGS5 B Distances are measured to property lines(see Section 503), B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION x 304.8 for mm B GROUP4 TYPE II One-hour Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour N/C elsewhere feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B B II-N Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing ` Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 10 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B B III-N Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B A-3 One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B B j V One-hour Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B V-N Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One hour less than 20 feet Protected less than 10 feet B _ NR elsewhere B II One-hour One hour N/C Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Protected less than 10 feet B feet or greater g II-N One-hour N/C less than 10 feet Same as bearing Protected less than 10 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere - B III-N Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B A-4 Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 10 feet g One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere g V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Protected less than 10 feet B B V-N One-hour less than 10 feet Same as bearing Protected less than 10 feet B NR elsewhere B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet BB II-FR. Two-hour N/C elsewhere Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet g III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere e IV-H.T. e B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B F-I feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B B M II-N3 One-hour N/C less than 20 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B S-1,S-3 NR,N/C elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Protected less than 10 feet B V-N One-hour less than 20 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet g I-ER. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet No[permitted less than 5 feet B F_ II-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. g II One-hour Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B E-1 One-hour N/C elsewhere NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B E-27 II-N Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B E-37 One-hour N/C less than 10 feet Protected less than 10 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B V One-hour Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B V-N Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B One-hour less than 10 feet Protected less than 10 feet e NR elsewhere B B B (Continued) B B 1-368 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-G B B TABLE NO TAG—EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON BPROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3—(Continued) B EXTERIOR WALLS B Bearing Nonbearing OPENINGS5 BDistances are measured to property ilnes(see Section 503). B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION GROUP4 TYPE x 304.8 for mm BI-F.R. Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet B II-ER. Two-hour N/C elsewhere Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet BF-2 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet BS-2 II-N3 One-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet S NR,N/C elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet BProtected less than 10 feet B V-N One-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet S NR elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C NR N/C Not restricted3 B II-FR. BII One-hour One-hour N/C NR N/C Not restricted3 B II-N NR N/C Same as bearing Not restricted3 BH-12.3 B III One-hour B III-N B IV-H.T. Group H,Division 1 Occupancies are not allowed in buildings of these construction types. B V One-hour B V-N BI-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. eII One-hour Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B e One-hour N/C elsewhere One-hour N/C less than 20 feet B H-22,3 NR,N/C elsewhere B H-32 3 II-N Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B H 43 Two-hour N/C less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B H-6 One-hour N/C less than 20 feet B H-7 NR,N/C elsewhere B V One-hour Four-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet BTwo-hour less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B B One-hour elsewhere B V-N Four-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Two-hour less than 10 feet Protected less than 20 feet B B One-hour less than 20 feet B B NR elsewhere B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 40 feet Protected less than 60 feet B II-ER. One-hour N/C less than 60 feet B B III One-hour NR,N/C elsewhere B III-N B B IV-H.T. B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing,except NR, Protected less than 60 feet B H-52 N/C 60 feet or greater B II-N One-hour N/C less than 60 feet Same as bearing Protected less than 60 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B B e V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Protected less than 60 feet B V-N One-hour less than 60 feet Same as bearing Protected less than 60 feet BNR elsewhere BI-1.1 I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B I-1.2 II-ER. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B I-2 One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B I-3 NR,N/C elsewhere e B II One-hour Two-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet BI-1.1 One-hour N/C elsewhere NR N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B1-32 V One-hour Two-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B 1 3 One-hour elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B B B (Continued) 1�69 APPENDIX VI-G 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE B TABLE NO TAG—EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3--(Continued) B EXTERIOR WALLS B Bearing Nonbearing OPENINGS5 B Distances are measured to property lines(see Section 503). B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION B GROUP4 TYPE x 304.8 for mm B I-1.1 II-N B I-1.2 III-N These occupancies a not allowed in buildings of these construction types.6 B re uc I-2 V-N I-3 B I-3 IV-H.T Group I,Division 3 Occupancies are not allowed in buildings of this construction type. B B I-1.1 III One-hour Four-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B I-1.2 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 20 feet B I-2 B I-3 B I-1.1 IV-H.T. Four-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B I-1.2 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 20 feet B I-2 B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR,N/C 40 feet or greater Protected less than 10 feet B I 2 V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B Protected less than 10 feet B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C less than 3 feet Four-hour N/C less than 3 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet e II-F.R. Two-hour N/C elsewhere Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 5 feet B R-1 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater B II-N One-hour N/C less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B B V-N One-hour less than 5 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR elsewhere B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 3 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet B II-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet 8 III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 3 feet B R-3 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater B II-N One-hour N/C less than 3 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B V-N One-hour less than 3 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B NR elsewhere B B I-F.R. One-hour N/C less than 10 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-F.R. NR,N/C elsewhere Protected less than 10 feet B B II One-hour B II-N3 B B S-4 III One-hour B III-N B IV-H.T Group S,Division 4 open parking garages are not permitted in these types of construction. B B V One-hour B V-N B B I-F.R. Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Four-hour N/C less than 5 feet Not permitted less than 5 feet B II-F.R. Two-hour N/C elsewhere Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet e III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B B IV-HT B II One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B S 5 feet or greater Protected less than 20 feet B II-NI One-hour N/C less than 20 feet Same as bearing except NR,N/C 40 Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere feet or greater Protected less than 20 feet B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B C Protected less than 20 feet B V-N3 One-hour less than 20 feet Same as bearing Not permitted less than 5 feet B NR elsewhere _ Protected less than 20 feet BB -- — e (Continued) B 1-ti370 ' 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-G B B TABLE NO TAG-EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING PROTECTION BASED ON LOCATION ON B PROPERTY FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION TYPES1,2,3-{Continued) B EXTERIOR WALLS B B Bearing Nonbeering OPENINGS5 BDistances ere measured to property lines(see Section 603). B OCCUPANCY CONSTRUCTION GROUP4 TYPE x 304.8 for mm BI-F.R. Four-hour N/C Four-hour N/C less than 3 feet Not permitted less than 3 feet B II-F.R. Two-hour N/C less than 20 feet Protected less than 20 feet B III One-hour One-hour N/C less than 40 feet B III-N NR,N/C elsewhere B IV-H.T. BII One-hour One-hour N/C Same as bearing except Not permitted less than 3 feet B U-13 NR,N/C 40 feet or greater B B V One-hour One-hour Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet BII-N2 One-hour N/C less than 3 feet3 Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B NR,N/C elsewhere BV-N One-hour less than 3 fee t3 Same as bearing Not permitted less than 3 feet B NR elsewhere B U-2 All Not regulated B B N/C-Noncombustible. B NR -Nonrated. B H.T.-Heavy timber. B F.R.-Fire resistive. BI See Section 503 for types of walls affected and requirements covering percentage of openings permitted in exterior walls.For walls facing streets,yards and public B ways,see also Section 601.5. B2For additional restrictions see Chapters 3 and 6. B 3For special provisions and exceptions,see also Section 503.4. B 4See Table NO TAG for a description of each occupancy type. B50penings requiring protection in exterior walls shall be protected by a fire assembly having at least a three-fourths-hour fire-protection rating. B 6See Section 308.2.1,Exception 3. B7Group E,Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies having an occupant load of not more than 20 may have exterior wall and opening protection as required for Group R, B Division 3 Occupancies. B B B B B TABLE NO TAG-BASIC ALLOWABLE BUILDING HEIGHTS AND BASIC ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA B FOR BUILDINGS ONE STORY IN HEIGHT1 B TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION B - B 1 II III IV V B g F.R. F.R. One hour N One-hour N H.T. One hour N B B MAXIMUM HEIGHT IN FEET(mm) B 160 65 55 65 55 65 50 40 B UL (48 768 mm) (19 812 mm) (16 764 mm) (19 812 mm) (16 764 mm) (19 812 mm) (15 240 mm) (12 192 mm) B USE GROUP HEIGHT/AREA MAXIMUM HEIGHT(Stories)AND MAXIMUM AREA(Sq.Ft.-x 0.0929 for mm) BA-1 H UL 4 Not Permitted B A UL 29,900 B A-2,2.12 H UL 4 2 NP 2 NP 2 2 NP B A UL 29,900 13,500 NP 13,500 NP 13,500 10,500 NP BA-3,42 H UL 12 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 B A UL 29,900 13,500 9,100 13,500 9,100 13,500 10,500 6,000 B B,F-1,M, H UL 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 BS-1,S-3,S-5 A UL 39,900 18,000 12,000 18,000 12,000 18,000 14,000 8,000 B E-1,2,34 H UL 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 B A UL 45,200 20,200 13,500 20,200 13,500 20,200 15,700 9,100 B F-2,S-2 H UL 12 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 BA _UL 59,900 27,000 18,000 27,000 18,000 27,000 21,000 12,000 BB H-15 H 1 1 1 1 Not Permitted B A 15,000 12,400 5,600 3,700 B H-25 H UL 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B A 15,000 12,400 5,600 3,700 5,600 3,700 5,600 4,400 2,500 BB H-3,4,55 H UL 5 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 B A UL 24,800 11,200 7,500 11,200 7,500 11,200 8,800 5,100 B H-6,7 H 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 BA UL 39,900 18,000 12,000 18,000 12,000 18,000 14,000 8,000 B I-1.1,1.26,10 H UL 3 1 NP 1 NP 1 1 NP B B A UL 15,100 6,800 NP 6,800 NP 6,800 5,200 NP B B I-2 H UL 3 2 NP 2 NP 2 2 NP B A UL 15,100 6,800 NP 6,800 NP 6,800 5,200 NP B I 3 A UL 15,100 Not Permitted (Continued) 1-371 APPENDIX VI-G 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE B TABLE NO TAG—BASIC ALLOWABLE BUILDING HEIGHTS AND BASIC ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA B FOR BUILDINGS ONE STORY IN HEIGHT1—(Continued) B TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION BB I 11 111 IV V B F.R. F.R. One-hour N One-hour N H.T. One-hour N B B MAXIMUM HEIGHT IN FEET(mm) B 160 65 55 65 55 65 50 40 B UL (48 768 mm) (19 812 mm) (16 764 mm) (19 812 mm) (16 764 mm) (19 812 mm) 0 5 240 mm) (12 192 mm) B USE GROUP HEIGHT/AREA MAXIMUM HEIGHT(Stories)AND MAXIMUM AREA(Sq.Ft.—x 0.0929 for mm) B R-1 H UL 12 4 29 4 29 4 3 29 B A UL 29,900 13,500 9,1009 13,500 9,1009 13,500 10,500 4:�6,0009 B R-3 H UL 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B B A Unlimited B B S-43 See Table 3-H e 8 B U A See Chapter 3 B B A—Building area in square feet. N—No requirements for fire resistance. B H—Building height in number of stories. F.R.—Fire resistive. B H.T.—Heavy timber. UL—Unlimited. B NP—Not permitted. B t For multistory buildings,see Section 504.2. B 2For limitations and exceptions,see Section 303.2. B 3For open parking garages,see Section 311.9. B B 4See Section 305.2.3. B SSee Section 307. B 6See Section 308.2.1 for exception to the allowable area and number of stories in hospitals,nursing homes and health care centers. B 7See Section 308.2.2.2. B 8For agricultural buildings,see also Appendix Chapter 3. B 9For limitations and exceptions,see Section 310.2. B 1OFor Type II F.R.,the maximum height of Group I,Division 1.1 Occupancies is limited to 75 feet(22 860 mm).For Type H,One-hour construction,the maximum B height of Group I,Division 1.1 Occupancies is limited to 45 feet(13 716 mm). B B B a TABLE NO TAG—TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION—FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS(In Hours) B For details,see occupancy section in Chapter 3,type of construction sections in Chapter 6 and sections referenced in Table 6-A. B TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V B Noncombustible Combustible B BUILDING ELEMENT Fire-resist Fire-resist 1-Hr. N H.T. B ive ive 1-Hr. N 1-Hr. N B 1. Bearing walls— 4 4 1 N 4 4 4 1 N B exterior Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. B NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG B 2. Bearing 3 2 1 N 1 N 1 1 N B walls—interior B 3. Nonbearing walls— 4 4 1 N 4 4 4 1 N B exterior Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. B B NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG BB 4. Structural frame[ 3 2 1 N I N 1 or H.T. 1 N B B 5. Partitions— 12 12 1 N 1 or H.T. B permanent 12 N 1 N B 6. Shaft enclosures3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B 7. Floors and floor- 2 2 1 N 1 N H.T. 1 N B ceilings B 8. Roofs and roof- 2 1 1 N 1 N H.T. 1 N B B ceilings Sec. Sec. Sec. B NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG e B 9. Exterior doors and Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. B windows NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG B 10. Stairway construction Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. BNO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG NO TAG �S=ec. sec. TAG NO TAG B N—No general requirements for fire resistance. B H.T.—Heavy timber. B 1 Structural frame elements in an exterior wall that is located where openings are not permitted or where protection of openings is required,shall be protected against external fire exposure as required for exterior bearing walls or the structural frame,whichever is greater. 2Fire-retardant-treated wood(see Section 207)may be used in the assembly,provided fire-resistance requirements are maintained.See Sections 602 and 603. 1372 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-G 3For special provisions,see Sections 304.6,306.6 and 711. 1-373 APPENDIX VI-G 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE B e TABLE NO TAG—FLAME-SPREAD CLASSIFICATION B — -- — B MATERIAL QUALIFIED BY., B _ B I- - - ---- Class-------- --- --- -----Flamo-spread Index ------ B B I 0-25 — -- - --- B II 26-75 B III 76-200 BB �— ---- -- --- ------- --- -- -- -- —---- B B B B B B B B B B B B B TABLE NO TAG—MAXIMUM FLAME-SPREAD CLASS1 B _ BB 'OCCUPANCY GROUP -_— ENCLOSED VERTICAL EXITWAYS OTHER EXITWAYS�-—� ROOMS OR AREAS — B A I II II3 B B I II III e E — - I --- -i -II -- --- -- III -----� B F - -- - - II------ --- --III �----- -�I-- - B H I II 1114 B I-1.1,I-1.2,I-2 I IS II6 B B B I 3 — — I IS — — -jb - -- B M I II III B R-1 I II III BB R-3 III III IIh B S-1,S-2 II II III B S3,S4,S-5 — I — B U NO RESTRICTIONS 8 BI Foam plastics shall comply with the requirements specified in Section NO TAG.Carpeting on ceilings and textile wall coverings shall comply with the require- B ments specified in Sections NO TAG and NO TAG,respectively. B2Finish classification is not applicable to interior walls and ceilings of exterior exit balconies. B3In Group A,Divisions 3 and 4 Occupancies,Class III may be used. B40ver two stories shall be of Class II. B SIn Group I,Divisions 2 and 3 Occupancies,Class II may be used. B 6Class III may be used in administrative spaces. 13 Flame-spread provisions are not applicable to kitchens and bathrooms of Group R,Division 3 Occupancies. 1-374 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-G B TABLE NO TAG—MINIMUM EGRESS REQUIREMENTS1 B MINIMUM OF TWO MEANS OF OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS 81 EGRESS (square feet) B z ARE REQUIRED WHERE NUMBER x 0.0929 for mz B USE OF OCCUPANTS IS AT LEAST 1. Aircraft hangars B (no repair) 10 500 B 2. Auction rooms 30 7 B B 3. Assembly areas,concentrated use(without fixed seats) 50 7 B Auditoriums B Churches and chapels B Dance floors B Lobby accessory to assembly occupancy B B Lodge rooms B Reviewing stands B Stadiums B Waiting area 50 3 B 4. Assembly areas,less-concentrated use B Conference rooms 50 15 B Dining rooms B Drinking establishments B Exhibit rooms B Gymnasiums B B Lounges B Stages B Gaming:keno,slot machine and live games area 50 11 B 5. Bowling alley(assume no occupant load for bowling lanes) 50 4 B 6. Children's homes and homes for the aged 6 80 B 7. Classrooms 50 20 B B 8. Congregate residences 10 200 B 9. Courtrooms 50 40 B 10. Dormitories 10 50 B 11. Dwellings 10 300 B 12. Exercising rooms 50 50 B 13. Garage,parking 30 200 s 14. Health care facilities— B Sleeping rooms 8 120 B Treatment rooms 10 240 B 15. Hotels and apartments 10 200 B 16. Kitchen--commercial 30 200 B 17. Library— B Reading rooms 50 50 g Stack areas 30 100 g 18. Locker rooms 30 50 B 19. Malls(see Chapter 4) - - B B 20. Manufacturing areas 30 200 B 21. Mechanical equipment room 30 300 B 22. Nurseries for children(day care) 7 35 e 23. Offices 30 100 B B 24. School shops and vocational rooms 50 50 B 25. Skating rinks 50 50 on the skating area; B 15 on the deck B 26. Storage and stock rooms 30 300 B 27. Stores—retail sales rooms B B Basements and ground floor 50 30 B B Upper floors 50 60 B 28. Swimming pools 50 50 for the pool area; B 15 on the deck B B 29. Warehouses 30 500 B B B B B 1-375 APPENDIX VI-G 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE MINIMUM OF TWO MEANS OF OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS EGRESS (square feet) ARE REQUIRED WHERE NUMBER USE2 OF OCCUPANTS IS AT LEAST x 0.0929 for m2 30. All others 50 100 lAccess to,and egress from,buildings for persons with disabilities shall be provided as specified in Chapter 11. 2For additional provisions on number of means of egress from Groups H and I Occupancies and from rooms containing fuel-fired equipment or cellulose nitrate, see Sections 1018, 1019 and 1020,respectively. 3This table shall not be used to determine working space requirements per person. 4Occupant load based on five persons for each alley,including 15 feet(4572 nun)of runway. 5Occupant load for warehouses containing approved high rack storage systems designed for mechanical handling may be based on the floor area exclusive of the rack area rather than the gross floor area. 1-376 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-H APPENDIX VI-H RECOMMENDED SEPARATION DISTANCES FOR EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS (See UFC Sections 203, 206 and 213 and Articles 77 and 78) The information provided in Section 1 is excerpted from federal vised rules are based on United Nations(UN)Recommendations regulations in 49 C.F.R.A discussion of the new regulations is also and were designed to bring existing DOT regulations into align- provided. ment with international regulations. Effective October 1, 1991, Table A-VI-F-5 is reprinted with permission of the Institute of the classification, marking, labeling, shipping papers and emer- Makers of Explosives with the provision that the entire table,com- gency response information for all new explosives were required plete with all explanatory footnotes,be printed.Table A-VI-F-5 is to be in accordance with the revised regulations. used for magazines containing high explosives or a combination For explosives approved prior to October 1, 1991,DOT has es- of high explosives and low explosives, magazines containing tablished transition dates to provide an orderly transition to the blasting agents and magazines containing detonators. new regulations.See Table A-VI-F-1.Note that the execution date for mandatory use of placards based on UN Recommendations has been extended to October 1,2001. The new UN/DOT system classifies explosives as Class 1 mate- rials.They are then divided into divisions to indicate their relative SECTION 1 —CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVE hazard.Unfortunately,there is not a direct correlation between the MATERIALS designations used by the old DOT system and those used by the new system.Tables A-VI-F-2 and A-VI-F-3 provide some guid- Section NO TAG provides guidance regarding the classification ance with regard to the new categories and their relationship to the of explosive materials. This guidance is necessary because of a old categories. new explosive materials classification system that has been Additionally,all Class 1 materials are assigned a compatibility adopted by the United States Department of Transportation. letter to show which materials,when grouped together,will not The Uniform Fire Code regulates explosives based on a com- significantly increase the probability of an accident,or for a given bination of two systems used by the federal government for classi- quantity,increase the magnitude of the effects from such an acci- fication of explosives. One system is used by DOT and applies to dent. See Table A-VI-F-4.During the transition period described transportation of materials. The other system is used by the Bu- in Table A-VI-F-1, special care should be taken to ensure that reau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) and applies to compatibility letters from the UN/DOT system are not confused storage. with letters used to designate explosive classes under the old DOT classifications. The Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms classifies explo- sives as either high explosives,low explosives or blasting agents For additional information, see 49 C.F.R. as specified in 27 C.F.R.These high-explosive,low-explosive and blasting agent categories are used when determining some of the UFC requirements for storage of explosive materials. Some diffi- SECTION 2—RECOMMENDED SEPARATION culty may be experienced when applying UFC regulations that re- fer to these categories because packages for explosive materials For high explosives,blasting agents and detonators, see Table may not be labeled with these designations. A-VI-F-5. Package labels and markings for explosive materials are typi- For ammonium nitrate and blasting agents,see Table A-VI-F-6. cally based on the classification system prescribed by DOT regu- lations in 49 C.F.R.,Parts 171-173.For many years,this system For low explosives,see Table A-VI-F-7. has designated explosives as Class A,Class B,Class C or blasting For fireworks, 1.3G,see Table A-VI-F-8. agents.Effective October 1, 1991,DOT revised the rules covering For open burning of explosives,see Table A-VI-F-9. the classification, description, shipping name, packaging, label- ing and placarding for the transportation of explosives.These re- For open detonation of explosives,see Table A-VI-F-10. TABLE A-VI-F-I—TRANSITION DATES FOR EXPLOSIVES CLASSIFICATIONS AND RELATED DOT REGULATIONS OCTOBER 1,1991 DOT publishes new rules for explosives based on United Nations(UN) Recommendations.All new explosives must be classified under the new regulations. OCTOBER 1,1993 Mandatory compliance with new classification and hazard communication requirements except placarding. OCTOBER 1, 1994 Mandatory use of new UN placards except existing DOT placards may continue to be used for domestic highway transport.Package manufacturers will only be permitted to make nonbulk packaging which meet United Nations performance standards. OCTOBER 1,1996 Mandatory use of performance-oriented packaging standards based on United Nations Recommendations for nonbulk packaging. OCTOBER 1,2001 Mandatory use of new United Nations placards for all modes of transportation. 1-377 APPENDIX VI-H 2O01 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-F-2-DEFINITIONS FOR DIVISIONS OF CLASS 1 (EXPLOSIVE)MATERIALS DIVISION DEFINITION 1.1 Explosives that have a mass hazard explosion.A mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire load instantaneously.(Examples include dynamite,cap-sensitive water gels,slurries, emulsions and cast boosters.) 1.2 Explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.(Examples include ammunition,projectiles and bombs.) 1.3 Explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both,but not a mass explosion hazard.(Examples include some propellants,some fireworks and flares.) 1.4 Explosive devices that present a minor explosion hazard.External fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package.(Examples include some detonators and detonating cords,safety fuse,electric squibs,igniters,igniting cord and some fireworks.) 1.5 Very insensitive explosives.This division is comprised of substances which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of transport.(Examples include blasting agents.) 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard.This division is comprised of articles which contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.(This division is not commonly used for commercial explosives.) TABLE A-VI-F-3-COMPARISON OF OLD TO CURRENT EXPLOSIVES CLASSIFICATIONS OLD DOT CLASSIFICATION CURRENT DOT CLASSIFICATION CLASS A EXPLOSIVES May be either DIVISION LI or 1.2 depending on the material CLASS B EXPLOSIVES May be either DIVISION 1.2 or 1.3 depending on the material CLASS C EXPLOSIVES DIVISION 1.4 BLASTING AGENTS DIVISION 1.5 (NO APPLICABLE CLASS) DIVISION 1.6 TABLE A-VI-F-4-EXPLOSIVES COMPATIBILITY GROUPS DESCRIPTION OF SUBSTANCES OR ARTICLE TO BE CLASSIFIED COMPATIBILITY GROUP CLASSIFICATION CODE Primary explosive substance. A LIA Article containing a primary explosive substance and not containing two or more effective B LIB protective features. 1.2B I AB Propellant explosive substance or other deflagrating explosive substance or article containing such C LIC explosive substance. 1.2C 1.3C I AC Secondary detonating explosive substance or black powder or article containing a secondary D 1.113 detonating explosive substance,in each case without means of initiation and without a propelling 1.2D charge,or article containing a primary explosive substance and containing two or more effective 1.41) protective features. 1.513 Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance,without means of initiation,with a E 1.1E propelling charge(other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid). 1.2E 1.4E Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance with its means of initiation,with a F 1.117 propelling charge(other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid)or without a 1.217 propelling charge. 1.317 1.4F Pyrotechnic substance or article containing a pyrotechnic substance,or article containing both an G 1.1G explosive substance and an illuminating,incendiary,tear-producing or smoke-producing substance 1.2G (other than a water-activated article or one containing white phosphorus,phosphide or flammable 1.3G liquid or gel or hypergolic liquid). I AG Article containing both an explosive substance and white phosphorus. H 1.2H 1.3H Article containing both an explosive substance and flammable liquid or gel. J 1.1J 1.2J 1.3J Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic chemical agent. K 1.2K 1.3K Explosive substance or article containing an explosive substance and presenting a special risk(e.g., L 1.1 L due to water-activation or presence of hypergolic liquids,phosphides or pyrophoric substances) 1.2L needing isolation of each type. 1.3L Articles containing only extremely insensitive detonating substances. N 1.6N Substance or article so packed or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental S 1 AS functioning are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prohibit fire fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the package. 1-378 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-H TABLE A-VI-F-5-AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS As Revised and Approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives-dune 199114 DISTANCES IN FEET x 304.8 for mm Passenger Railways-Public Public Highways with Highways with Traffic Volume of QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE Traffic Volume of leas than more than 3,000 MATERIALS1,2,3,4,15 Inhabited Bulldingsa 3,D00 Vehicles per Day Vehicles/Day10,11 Separation of Magazines5,12 Pounds Not Pounds Over I Over x 0.454 for kg Barricadeds,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded6,7,a Unbarricaded Barricadeda.7•8 Unbarricaded 0 5 70 140 30 60 51 102 6 12 5 10 90 180 35 70 64 128 8 16 10 20 110 220 45 90 81 162 10 20 20 30 125 250 50 100 93 186 11 22 30 40 140 280 55 110 103 206 12 24 40 50 150 300 60 120 110 220 14 28 50 75 170 340 70 140 127 254 15 30 75 100 190 380 75 150 139 278 16 32 100 125 200 400 80 160 150 300 18 36 125 150 215 430 85 170 159 318 19 38 150 200 235 470 95 190 175 350 21 42 200 250 255 510 105 210 189 378 23 46 250 300 270 540 110 220 201 402 24 48 300 400 295 590 120 240 221 442 27 54 400 500 320 640 130 260 238 476 29 58 500 600 340 680 135 270 253 506 31 62 600 700 355 710 145 290 266 522 32 64 700 800 375 750 150 300 278 556 33 66 800 900 390 780 155 310 289 578 34 70 900 1,000 400 800 160 320 300 600 36 72 1,000 1,200 425 850 165 330 318 636 39 78 1,200 1,400 450 900 170 340 336 672 41 82 1,400 1,600 470 940 175 350 351 702 43 86 1,600 1,800 490 980 180 360 366 732 44 88 1,800 2,000 505 1,010 185 370 378 756 45 90 2,000 2,500 545 1,090 190 380 408 816 49 98 2,500 3,000 580 1,160 195 390 432 864 52 104 3,000 4,000 635 1,270 210 420 474 949 58 116 4,000 5,000 685 1,370 225 450 513 1,026 61 122 5,000 6,000 730 1,460 235 470 546 1,092 65 130 6,000 7,000 770 1,540 245 490 573 1,146 68 136 7,000 8,000 800 1,600 250 500 600 1,200 72 144 8,000 9,000 835 1,670 255 510 624 1,248 75 150 9,000 10,000 865 1,730 260 520 645 1,290 78 156 10,000 12,000 875 1,750 270 520 687 1,374 82 164 12,000 14,000 885 1,770 275 550 723 1,446 87 174 14,000 16,000 900 1,800 280 560 756 1,512 90 180 16,000 18,000 940 1,880 285 570 786 1,572 94 188 18,000 20,000 975 1,950 290 580 813 1,626 98 196 20,000 25,000 1,055 2,000 315 630 876 1,752 105 210 25,000 30,000 1,130 2,000 340 680 933 1,866 112 224 30,000 35,000 1,205 2,000 360 720 981 1,962 119 238 35,000 40,000 1,275 2,000 380 760 1,026 2,000 124 248 40,000 45,000 1,340 2,000 400 800 1,068 2,000 129 258 45,000 50,000 1,400 2,000 420 840 1,104 2,000 135 270 50,000 55,000 1,460 2,000 440 880 1,140 2,000 140 280 55,000 60,000 1,515 2,000 455 910 1,173 2,000 145 290 60,000 65,000 1,565 2,000 470 940 1,206 2,000 150 300 65,000 70,000 1,610 2,000 485 970 1,236 2,000 155 310 70,000 75,000 1,655 2,000 500 1,000 1,263 2,000 160 320 75,000 80,000 1,695 2,000 510 1,020 1,293 2,000 165 330 80,000 85,000 1,730 2,000 520 1,040 1,317 2,000 170 340 85,000 90,000 1,760 2,000 530 1,060 1,344 2,000 175 350 90,000 95,000 1,790 2,000 540 1,080 1,368 2,000 180 360 95,000 100,000 1,815 2,000 545 1,090 1,392 2,000 185 370 100,000 110,000 1,835 2,000 550 1,100 1,437 2,000 195 390 110,000 120,000 1,855 2,000 555 1,110 1,479 2,000 205 410 120,000 130,000 1,875 2,000 560 1,120 1,521 2,000 215 430 130,000 140,000 1,890 2,000 565 1,130 1,557 2,000 225 450 140,000 150,000 1,900 2,000 570 1,140 1,593 2,000 235 470 (Continued) 1-379 APPENDIX VI-H 2O01 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-F-5-AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS-(Continued) As Revised and Approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives-June 199114 DISTANCES IN FEET x 304.8 for mm Passenger Railways-Public Public Highways with Highways with Traffic Volume of QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE Traffic Volume of less than more than 3,000 MATERIALS1.2,3,4,15 Inhabited Buildingss 3,000 Vehicles per Day Vehiclea/Day10,11 Separation of Magazines5,12 Pounds Not Pounds Over Over x 0.454 for kg Barricaded5•7,8 Unbarricaded BarricadediSJA Unbarricaded Barricaded5,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded5,7,8 Unbarricaded 150,000 160,000 1,935 2,000 580 1,160 1,629 2,000 245 490 160,000 170,000 1,990 2,000 590 1,180 1,662 2,000 255 510 170,000 180,000 2,010 2,000 600 1,200 1,695 2,000 265 530 180,000 190,000 2,030 2,010 605 1,210 1,725 2,000 275 550 190,000 200,000 2,055 2,030 610 1,220 1,755 2,000 285 570 200,000 210,000 2,055 2,055 620 1,240 1,762 2,000 295 590 210,000 230,000 2,100 2,100 635 1,270 1,836 2,000 315 630 230,000 250,000 2,155 2,155 650 1,300 1,890 2,000 335 670 250,000 275,000 2,215 2,215 670 1,340 1,950 2,000 360 720 275,000 300,00013 2,275 2,275 690 1,380 2,000 2,000 385 770 1"Explosive materials"means explosives,blasting agents and detonators. 2"Explosives"means any chemical compound,mixture or device,the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. A list of explosives deter- mined to be within the coverage of 18 USC Chapter 40,Importation,Manufacturer,Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials,is issued at least annually by the director of the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury. For quantity and distance purposes,detonating cord of 50 grains per foot(10.7 g/m)should be calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds(3.6 kg)of high explosives per 1,000 feet(304.8 m). Heavier or lighter core loads should be rated proportionately. 3`Blasting agents"means any material or mixture,consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting,not otherwise defined as an explosive,provided that the finished product,as mixed for use or shipment,cannot be detonated by means of a No.8 test blasting cap when unconfined. 4"Detonator"means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator may not contain more than 10 grams of total explosives by weight,excluding ignition or delay charges. The term includes,but is not limited to,electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay types, blasting caps for use within safety fuses,detonating cord delay connectors,and nonelectric instantaneous and delay blasting caps which use detonating cord, shock tube or any other replacement for electric leg wires. All types of detonators in strengths through No.8 cap should be rated at 11/2 pounds(0.68 kg)of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No.8 cap,consult the manufacturer. 5"Magazine"means any building,structure or container,other than an explosives manufacturing building,approved for the storage of explosive materials. 6"Natural barricade"means natural features of the ground such as hills,or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures which require protection cannot be seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves. 7"Artificial barricade"means an artificial mound or reverted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 feet(914.4 mm). $`Barricaded"means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or other building,railway or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any side wall of the building containing explosive materials to the eave line of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet(3657.6 mm)above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such barrier. 9"Inhabited building"means a building regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings,or any church,schoolhouse,railroad station,store or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble,except any building or structure occupied in connection with the manufacture,transportation,storage or use of explosive materials. 10"Railway"means any steam,electric or other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire. 11"Highway"means any public street,public alley or public road. 12When two or more storage magazines are located on the same property,each magazine must comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited build- ings,railways and highways,and in addition,they should be separated from each other by not less than the distances shown for"Separation of Magazines,"except that the quantity of explosive materials contained in detonator magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said detonator magazines from magazines con- taining other explosive materials. If any two or more magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified"Separation of Magazines"distances,then such two or more magazines,as a group,must be considered as one magazine,and the total quantity of explosive materials stored in such group must be treated as if stored in a single magazine located on the site of any magazine of the group,and must comply with the minimum of distances specified from other magazines, inhabited buildings,railways and highways. 13Storage in excess of 300,000 pounds(136 077.6 kg)of explosive materials in one magazine is generally not required for commercial enterprises. 14TIiis table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of commercial explosive materials. It is not applicable to transportation of explosives or any handling or temporary storage necessary or incidental thereto. It is not intended to apply to bombs,projectiles or other heavily encased explosives. 15When a manufacturing building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive materials,such building shall be located from inhabited buildings,public highways and passenger railways in accordance with Table A-VI-F-5 based on the maximum quantity of explosive materials permitted to be in the building at one time. NOTE:The American Table of Distances(Table A-VI-F-5)is reprinted by permission of the Institute of Makers of Explosives with the provision that the entire table, complete with all explanatory footnotes,be printed. 1-380 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-H TABLE A-VI-F-6-TABLE OF RECOMMENDED SEPARATION DISTANCES OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND BLASTING AGENTS FROM EXPLOSIVES OR BLASTING AGENTS1,6 MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE OF ACCEPTOR WHEN BARRICADED2 DONOR WEIGHT (feet) MINIMUM THICKNESS OF ARTIFICIAL BARRICADESS Pounds Over Pounds Not Over x 304.8 for mm (Inches) x 0.454 for kg Ammonlum Nltrate3 Blasting Agent4 x 25.4 for mm 100 3 11 12 100 300 4 14 12 300 600 5 18 12 600 1,000 6 22 12 1,000 1,600 7 25 12 1,600 2,000 8 29 12 2,000 3,000 9 32 15 3,000 4,000 10 36 15 4,000 6,000 11 40 15 6,000 9,000 12 42 20 8,000 10,000 13 47 20 10,000 12,000 14 50 20 12,000 16,000 15 54 25 16,000 20,000 16 58 25 20,000 25,000 18 65 25 25,000 30,000 19 68 30 30,000 35,000 20 72 30 35,000 40,000 21 76 30 40,000 45,000 22 79 35 45,000 50,000 23 83 35 50,000 55,000 24 86 35 55,000 60,000 25 90 35 60,000 70,000 26 94 40 70,000 80,000 28 101 40 80,000 90,000 30 108 40 90,000 100,000 32 115 40 100,000 120,000 34 122 50 120,000 140,000 37 133 50 140,000 160,000 40 144 50 160,000 180,000 44 158 50 180,000 200,000 48 173 50 200,000 220,000 52 187 60 220,000 250,000 56 202 60 250,000 275,000 60 216 60 275,000 300,000 64 230 60 tRecommended separation distances to prevent explosion of ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate-based agents by propagation from nearby stores of high explosives or blasting agents referred to in Table A-VI-F-6 as the"donor."Ammonium nitrate,by itself,is not considered to be a donor when applying Table A-VI-F-6.Ammonium nitrate,ammonium nitrate-fuel oil or combination thereof are acceptors.If stores of ammonium nitrate are located within the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives or blasting agents,one-half the mass of the ammonium nitrate should be included in the mass of the donor. 2When the ammonium nitrate or blasting agent is not barricaded,the distances shown in Table A-VI-F-6 shall be multiplied by six.These distances allow for the possibility of high velocity metal fragments from mixers,hoppers,truck bodies,sheet metal structures,metal containers and the like which may enclose the"do- nor."Where storage is in bullet-resistant magazines recommended for explosives or where the storage is protected by a bullet-resistant wall,distances and barri- cade thicknesses in excess of those prescribed in Table A-VI-F-5,Footnote 7,are not required.For construction of bullet-resistant magazines,see Article 77. 3The distances in Table A-VI-F-6 apply to ammonium nitrate that passes the insensitivity test prescribed in the definition of ammonium nitrate fertilizer promulgated by the Fertilizer Institute(Definitions and Test Procedures for Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer,Fertilizer Institute 1964);and ammonium nitrate failing to pass said test shall be stored at separation distances determined by competent persons and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. 4These distances apply to blasting agents which pass the insensitivity test prescribed in regulations of the United States Department of Transportation and the United States Department of the Treasury,Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms. 5Earth,or sand dikes,or enclosures filled with the prescribed minimum thickness of earth or sand are acceptable artificial barricades.Natural barricades,such as hills or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures which require protection cannot be seen from the"donor"when the trees are bare of leaves,are also acceptable. 617or determining the distances to be maintained from inhabited buildings,passenger railways and public highways,see Table A-VI-F-5(High Explosives and Blast- ing Agents)or Table A-VI-F-7(Low Explosives). 1-381 APPENDIX VI-H 2O01 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-F-7 TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF LOW EXPLOSIVES LOW EXPLOSIVES(pounds) FROM PUBLIC FROM INHABITED BUILDING RAILROAD AND HIGHWAY DISTANCE FROM ABOVEGROUND MAGAZINE x 0.454 for k9 DISTANCE(feet) (feet) (feet) Over Not Over x 304.8 for mm 0 1,000 75 75 60 1,000 5,000 115 115 75 5,000 10,000 130 130 100 10,000 20,000 180 180 225 20,000 30,000 215 215 145 30,000 40,000 235 235 155 40,000 50,000 250 250 165 50,000 60,000 260 260 175 60,000 70,000 270 270 185 70,000 80,000 300 300 190 80,000 90,000 325 325 195 90,000 100,000 350 350 200 100,000 200,000 375 375 250 200,000 300,000 400 400 300 ' TABLE A-VI-F-8-TABLE OF DISTANCES IThis table shall not apply to the storage of bulk salutes.Use Table A-VI-F-5. ' FOR STORAGE OF FIREWORKS,1.3G1 2Net weight is the weight of all pyrotechnic compositions,and explosive mate- rials and fuses only. DISTANCES BETWEEN MAGAZINE AND TABLE A-VI-F-9--DISTANCES FOR THE OPEN BURNING OF INHABITED BUILDING, EXPLOSIVES} PASSENGER RAILWAY NET WEIGHT OF OR PUBLIC HIGHWAY DISTANCE BETWEEN FIREWORKS2(pounds) (feet) MAGAZINES(feet) x 0.454 kg x 304.8 for mm x 304.8 for mm 0-1,000 150 100 1,001-5,000 230 150 5,001-10,000 330 200 Above 10,000 Use Table A-VI-F-5 MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET x 304.8 for mm QUANTITY OF Passenger Railways and Public Highways EXPLOSIVES2,3,4,5 Public Highways with Traffic Volume of with Traffic Volume more than 3,000 (Not Over) Inhabited Buildingss less than 3,000 Vehicles per Day7e Vehicles per Dayte•tt Pounds Missile Hazard Missile Hazard Missile Hazard Separation From No Missile without No Missile without without Other Open Burning x 0.454 for kg Hazard Barricades•7•6 Hazard Barricade6•7•8 No Missile Hazard Barricade6,7,8 Units 10 90 180 35 70 64 128 8 20 110 220 45 90 81 162 10 50 150 300 60 120 110 220 14 75 170 340 70 140 127 254 15 100 190 380 75 150 139 278 16 250 255 510 105 210 189 378 23 500 320 640 130 260 238 476 29 1,000 400 800 160 320 300 600 36 1,600 470 940 175 350 351 702 43 2,000 505 1,010 185 370 378 756 45 2,500 545 11090 190 380 408 816 49 3,000 580 1,160 195 390 432 864 52 4,000 635 1,270 210 420 474 948 58 5,000 685 1,370 225 450 513 1,026 61 6,000 730 1,460 235 470 546 1,092 65 7,000 770 1,540 245 490 573 1,146 68 8,000 800 1,600 250 500 600 1,200 72 9,000 835 1,670 255 510 624 1,248 75 10,000 865 1,730 260 520 645 1,290 78 IThis table is intended only for application of open burning of commercial explosive materials. The distances stated in this table should be measured from the center of the unit,except for separations from other open burning units,which are measured from the edge of the unit. 2"Explosive materials"means any explosive,slurry,emulsion,detonating cord,blasting agents and detonators. 3"Explosives"means any chemical compound,mixture or device,the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. A list of explosives deter- mined to be within the coverage of 18 U.S.C.Chapter 40,Importation,Manufacture,Distribution and Storage of Explosive Material,is issued at least annually by the director of the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury. For quantity and distance purposes,detonating cord of 50 grains 1-382 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-H per foot(10.7 g/m)should be calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds(3.6 kg)of high explosives per 1,000 feet(304.8 m). Heavier or lighter core loads should be rated proportionally. 4"Blasting agents"means any material or mixture,consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting,not otherwise defined as an explosive,provided the finished product,as mixed for use or shipment,cannot be detonated by means of a No.8 test blasting cap when unconfined. 5"Detonator"means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator may not contain more than 10 grams of total explosives by weight,excluding ignition or delay charges. The term includes,but is not limited to,electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay blasting caps which use detonating cord,shock tube or any other replacement for electric wires. All types of detonators in strengths through No.8 cap should be rated at 11/2 pounds(0.68 kg)of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No.8 cap,consult the manufacturer. 6"Natural barricade"means natural features of the ground,such as hills,or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves. 7"Artificial barricade"means an artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 feet(914.4 mm). $`Barricaded"means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or other building,OB/OD site,railway or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosive materials to the eave line of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet(3657.6 mm)above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such a barrier. 9"Inhabited building"means a building,regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings,or any church,schoolhouse,railroad station,store,or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble. This does not mean any office,warehouse,production,laboratory or other buildings that are a part of the facility where the open burning or open detonation sites are located. 10"Highway"means any public street,public alley or public road. tt"Railway"means any steam,electric or other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire. 1-383 APPENDIX VI-H 2O01 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE TABLE A-VI-F-10-DISTANCES FOR THE OPEN DETONATION OF EXPLOSIVESI MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET x 304.8 for mm Passenger Railways and Public QUANTITY OF Public Highways with Traffic Highways with Traffic Volume of EXPLOSIVES2,3,4,5 Volume of less than 3 000 Vehicles more than 3,000 Vehicles per Separation from Other Open (Not Over) Inhabited Building9 per Daytd Dayts'tl Detonation Units Pounds Missile Hazard Missile Hazard Missile Hazard Missile Hazard No Missile without No Missile without No Missile without No Missile without x 0.454 for kg Hazard Barricade6,7,8 Hazard Barricade6j a Hazard Barricade6•7A Hazard Barrlcades,7A 1 730 730 325 325 480 480 6 12 2 920 920 410 410 600 600 6 12 5 1,250 1,250 550 550 820 820 6 12 10 1,600 1,600 695 695 1,030 1,030 8 16 20 1,990 1,990 875 875 1,295 1,295 10 20 50 2,700 2,700 1,190 1,190 1,760 1,760 14 28 75 3,080 3,080 1,360 1,360 2,015 2,015 15 30 100 3,400 3,400 1,500 1,500 2,220 2,220 16 32 150 3,900 3,900 1,715 1,715 2,535 2,535 19 38 200 4,275 4,275 1,890 1,890 2,795 2,795 21 42 300 4,900 4,900 2,160 2,160 3,200 3,200 24 48 400 5,400 5,400 2,380 2,380 3,520 3,520 27 54 500 5,800 5,800 2,560 1 2,560 3,790 3,790 29 58 1Table A-VI-F-10 is intended only for application of open detonation of commercial explosive materials. The distances stated in Table A-VI-F-10 should be mea- sured form the center of the unit,except for separations from other open detonation units,which are measured from the edge of the unit. 2"Explosive materials"means any explosive,slung,emulsion,detonating cord,blasting agents and detonators. 3"Explosives"means any chemical compound,mixture or device,the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. A list of explosives deter- mined to be within the coverage of 18 U.S.C.Chapter 40,Importation,Manufacture,Distribution and Storage of Explosive Material,is issued at least annually by the director of the Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury. For quantity and distance purposes,detonating cord of 50 grains per foot(10.7 g/m)should be calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds(3.6 kg)of high explosives per 1,000 feet(304.8 m). Heavier or lighter core loads should berated proportionally. 4"Blasting agents"means any material or mixture,consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting,not otherwise defined as an explosive,provided the finished product,as mixed for use or shipment,cannot be detonated by means of a No.8 test blasting cap when unconfined. 5"Detonator"means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator may not contain more than 10 grams of total explosives by weight,excluding ignition or delay charges. The term includes,but is not limited to,electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay blasting caps which use detonating cord,shock tube or any other replacement for electric wires. All types of detonators in strengths through No.8 cap should be rated at 11/2 pounds(0.68 kg)of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No.8 cap,consult the manufacturer. 6"Natural barricade"means natural features of the ground,such as hills,or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves. 7"Artificial barricade"means an artificial mound or reverted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 feet(914.4 mm). 8`B arricaded"means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or other building,OB/OD site,railway or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosive materials to the eave line of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet(3657.6 mm)above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such a barrier. 9"Inhabited building"means a building,regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings,or any church,schoolhouse,railroad station,store,or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble. This does not mean any office,warehouse,production,laboratory or other buildings that are a part of the facility where the open burning or open detonation sites are located. 10"Highway"means any public street,public alley or public road. I1«Railway"means any steam,electric or other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire. 1-384 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-I APPENDIX VI-I CRYOGENIC FLUIDS WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS TABLE A-VI-G-I-WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS FOR COMMON CRYOGENIC FLUIDS VOLUME OF GAS AT 70°F(21.1°C)AND 14.7 PSIA WEIGHT OF LIQUID OR GAS VOLUME OF LIQUID AT NORMAL BOILING POINT (101.3 kPa) CRYOGEN Pounds Kilograms Liters Gallons Cubic Feet Cubic Meters argon 1.000 0.454 0.326 0.086 9.67 0.274 2.205 1.000 0.718 0.190 21.32 0.604 3.072 1.393 1.000 0.264 29.71 0.841 11.628 5.274 3.785 1.000 112.45 3.184 10.340 4.690 3.366 0.889 100.00 2.832 3.652 1.656 1.189 0.314 35.31 1.000 helium 1.000 0.454 3.631 0.959 96.72 2.739 2.205 1.000 8.006 2.115 213.23 6.038 0.275 0.125 1.000 0.264 26.63 0.754 1.042 0.473 3.785 1.000 100.82 2.855 1.034 0.469 3.754 0.992 100.00 2.832 0.365 0.166 1.326 0.350 35.31 1.000 hydrogen 1.000 0.454 6.409 1.693 191.96 5.436 2.205 1.000 14.130 3.733 423.20 11.984 0.156 0.071 1.000 0.264 29.95 0.848 0.591 0.268 3.785 1.000 113.37 3.210 0.521 0.236 3.339 0.882 100.00 2.832 0.184 0.083 1.179 0.311 35.31 1.000 oxygen 1.000 0.454 0.397 0.105 12.00 0.342 2.205 1.000 0.876 0.231 26.62 0.754 2.517 1.142 1.000 0.264 30.39 0.861 9.527 4.321 3.785 1.000 115.05 3.250 8.281 3.756 3.290 0.869 100.00 2.832 2.924 1.327 1.162 0.307 35.31 1.000 nitrogen 1.000 0.454 0.561 0.148 13.80 0.391 2.205 1.000 1.237 0.327 30.43 0.862 1.782 0.808 1.000 0.264 24.60 0.697 6.746 3.060 3.785 1.000 93.11 2.637 7.245 3.286 4.065 1.074 100.00 2.832 2.558 1.160 1.436 0.379 35.31 1.000 LNGI 1.000 0.454 1.052 6.278 22.968 0.650 2.205 1.000 2.320 0.613 50.646 1.434 0.951 0.431 1.000 0.264 21.812 0.618 3.600 1.633 3.785 1.000 82.62 2.340 4.356 1.976 4.580 1.210 100.00 2.832 11.501 5.217 1.616 0.427 35.31 1.000 IThe values listed for liquefied natural gas(LNG)are"typical'values.LNG is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases,and no two LNG steams have exactly the same composition. To use the above table,read horizontally across the line of inter- If other quantities are of interest,the numbers obtained can be est.For example,to determine the number of cubic feet of gas con- multiplied or divided to obtain the quantity of interest.For exam- tained in 1.0 gallons(3.785 L)of liquid argon,find 1.000 in the ple,to determine the number of cubic feet of argon gas contained column entitled "Volume of Liquid at Normal Boiling Point." in a volume of 1,000 gallons(3785 L)of liquid argon at its normal Reading across the line under the column entitled"Volume of Gas boiling point,multiply 112.45 by 1,000 to obtain 112,450 cubic at 70°F (21.1°C) - cubic feet' the value of 112.45 cubic feet feet(3184 m3). (3.184 m3)is found. 1--385 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VW APPENDIX VI-J REFRIGERANT GROUPS AND PROPERTIES The following information is provided as reference information R-407A zeotrope R-32/125/134a CG, 2-0-03 for application of Article 63. (See Sections 6302, 6307, 6319 (20/40/40) OHH and 8002.3.) R-407B zeotrope R-32/125/134a CG, 2-0-03 TABLE A-VI-H-I—REFRIGERANT HAZARD CATEGORIES AND (10/70/20) OHH HAZARD SIGNALS R-407C zeotrope R-32/125/134a CG, 2-0-03 TABLE A-VI-H-I—REFRIGERANT HAZARD CATEGORIES AND (23/25/52) OHH HAZARD SIGNALS R-407D zeotrope R-32/125/134a CG, 2-0-03 CHEMIC (15/15/70) OHH ABSTR R-409A zeotrope R-125/143a/22 CG, 2-0-03 ACT (7/46/47) OHH SERVIC HAZAR DEGRE CHEMICAL NAME E D ES OF REFRIGER CHEMICAL (COMPOSITION NUMBE HAZAR R-409A zeotrope R-22/124/142b CG, 2-0-03 R ORES z ANT FORMULA FOR BLENDS) (65/25/15) OHH R-11 CC13F trichlorofluorom 75-69- OHH 2-0-03 R-409B zeotrope R-22/124/142b CG, 2-0-03 ethane 4 (65/25/10) OHH R-12 CC12F2 dichlorodifluoro 75-71- CG, 2-0-03 R-410A zeotrope R-32/125 CG, 2-0-03 methane 8 OHH (50/50) OHH R-22 CHCIF2 chlorodifluorom 75-45- CG, 2-0-03 R-410B zeotrope R-32/125 CG, 2-0-03 ethane 6 OHH (45/55) OHH R-113 CC12FCCI 1,1,2-trichloro-1, 76-13- OHH 2-0-03 R-500 azeotrope R-12/152a CG, 2-0-03 F2 2,2-trifluoroetha 1 (73.8/26.2) OHH ne R-114 CCIF2CC1 1,2-dichloro-1,1, 76-14- CG, 2-0-03 R-502 azeotrope R-22/115 CG, 2-0-03 F2 2,2-tetrafluoroet 2 OHH (48.8/51.2) OHH hone R-507A azeotrope R-125/143a CG, 2-0-03 R-123 CHCl2CF 2,2-dichloro-1,1, 306-83 OHH 2-0-03 (50150) OHH 3 1-trifluoroethane -2 R-508A azeotrope R-23/116(39/61) CG, 2-0-03 R-134a CH2FCF3 1,1,1,2-tetrafluor 811-97 CG, 2-0-03 OHH oethane -2 OHH R-508B azeotrope R-23/116(46154) CG, 2-0-03 R-236fa CF3CH2C 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexaf 690-39 CG, 2-0-03 OHH F3 luoropropane -1 OHH R-509A azeotrop R-22/218 CG, 2-0-03 R-401A zeotrope R-22/152a/124 CG, 2-0-03 (44/56) OHH (53/13/34) OHH R-717 NH3 ammonia 7664-4 CG,C, 3-3-04 R-401B zeotrope R-22/152a/124 CG, 2-0-03 1-7 OHH (61/11/28) OHH R-744 CO2 carbon dioxide 124-38 CG, 2-0-03 R-401C zeotrope R-22/152a/124 CG, 2-0-03 1-9 OHH (33/15/52) OHH 1CG=Compressed gas.C=Corrosive.OHH=Other health hazard. R-402A zeotrope R-125/290/22 CG, 2-0-03 Degrees of hazard are for health,fire,and reactivity,respectively,in accor- (60/2/38) OHH dance with UFC Standard 79-3. Reduction to 1-0-0 is allowed if analysis satisfactory to the fire chief shows R-402B zeotrope R-125/290/22 CG, 2-0-03 that the maximum concentration for a rupture or full loss of refrigerant (38/2/60) OHH charge would not exceed the IDLH,considering both the refrigerant quanti- ty and room volume. a(44/52/4) OHH R-404A zeotrope R-125/ 43a/134 CG, 2-0-03 For installations that are entirely outdoors,use 3-1-0. 1--387 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-K APPENDIX VI-K UNIT CONVERSION TABLES SI SYMBOLS AND PREFIXES BASE UNITS Quantity Unit Symbol Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Electric current Ampere A Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin K Amount of substance Mole mol Luminous intensity Candela cd SI SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS Quantity Unit Symbol Plane angle Radian rad Solid angle Steradian sr SI PREFIXES Multiplication Factor Prefix Symbol 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1018 exa E 1 000 000 000 000 000= 1015 pets P 1 000 000 000 000= 1012 tera T 1 000 000 000 = 109 giga G 1 000 000 = 106 mega M 1 000 = 103 kilo k 100= 102 hecto h 10 = 101 deka da 0.1 = 10-1 deci d 0.01 = 10-2 centi c 0.001 = 10-3 milli m 0.000 001 = 10-6 micro µ 0.000 000 001 = 10-9 nano n 0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 Pico p 0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10-15 femto f 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-18 atto a SI DERIVED UNIT WITH SPECIAL NAMES Quantity Unit Symbol Formula Frequency(of a periodic phenomenon) hertz Hz 1/s Force newton N kg•m/s2 Pressure,stress pascal Pa N/m2 Energy,work,quantity of heat joule J N•m Power,radiant flux watt W J/s Quantity of electricity,electric charge coulomb C A•s Electric potential,potential difference, electromotive force volt V W/A Capacitance farad F CN Electric resistance ohm n V/A Conductance siemens S AN Magnetic flux weber Wb V•s Magnetic flux density tesla T Wb/m2 Inductance henry H Wb/A Luminous flux lumen lm cd•sr Illuminance lux Ix lm/m2 Activity(of radionuclides) becquerel Bq I/s Absorbed dose gray Gy J/kg 1-989 APPENDIX VI-K 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE CONVERSION FACTORS To convert to multiply by LENGTH I mile(U.S.statute) km 1.609 344 1 yd m 0.9144 1 ft m 0.3048 mm 304.8 1 in mm 25.4 AREA 1 mile2(U.S.statute) km2 2.589 998 1 acre(U.S.survey) ha 0.404 6873 m2 4046.873 1 yd2 m2 0.836 1274 1 ft2 m2 0.092 903 04 1 in2 mm2 645.16 VOLUME,MODULUS OF SECTION 1 acre ft m3 1233.489 1 yd3 m3 0.764 5549 100 board ft 1113 0.235 9737 1 ft3 m3 0.028 316 85 L(dm3) 28.3168 1 in3 mm3 16 387.06 mL(cm3) 16,3871 1 barrel(42 U.S.gallons) m3 0.158 9873 (FLUID)CAPACITY 1 gal(U.S.liquid)* L** 3.785 412 1 qt(U.S.liquid) mL 946.3529 1 pt(U.S.liquid) mL 473.1765 1 fl oz(U.S.) mL 29.5735 1 gal(U.S.liquid) m3 0.003 785 412 *I gallon(UK)approx.1.2 gal(U.S.) **1 liter approx.0.001 cubic meters SECOND MOMENT OF AREA 1 in4 _4 416 231 4 m4 416 231 4 x 10.7 PLANE ANGLE I'(degree) rad 0.017 453 29 mrad 17.453 29 V(minute) urad 290.8882 1"(second) urad 4.848 137 VELOCITY,SPEED 1 ft/s m/s 0.3048 1 mile/h km/h 1.609 344 m/s 0.44704 VOLUME RATE OF FLOW 1 ft3/s m3/s 0.028 316 85 1 ft3/min Ls 0.471 9474 1 gal/min Ls 0.063 0902 1 gal/min m3/min 0.0038 1 galfh mUs 1.05150 1 million gal/d Us 43.8126 1 acre ft/s m3/s 1233.49 TEMPERATURE INTERVAL 1°F °C or K 0.555 556 5/9°C=5/9K EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE(Uc=TK-273.15) tOF toC top=9/5toC+32 (Continued) 1-390 2001 CAUFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX VI-K CONVERSION FACTORS--(Continued) To convert to multiply by MASS 1 ton(short***) metric ton 0.907 185 kg 907.1847 1 lb kg 0.453 5924 1 oz g 28.349 52 ***1 long ton(2,2401b) kg 1016.047 MASS PER UNIT AREA 1 lb/ft2 kg/m2 4.882 428 1 oz/yd2 g/m2 33.905 75 1 oz/ft2 g/m2 305.1517 DENSITY(MASS PER UNIT VOLUME) I Ib/ft3 kg/m3 16.01846 1 ib/yd3 kg/m3 0.593 2764 1 ton/yd3 t/m3 1.186 553 FORCE 1 tonf(ton-force) kN 8.89644 1 kip(1,000 lbf) kN 4.44822 1 lbf(pound-force) N 4.44822 MOMENT OF FORCE,TORQUE 1 lbf•ft N•m 1.355 818 1 Win N•m 0.112 9848 1 tonf•ft kN•m 2.71164 1 kip•ft kN•m 1.35582 FORCE PER UNIT LENGTH 1 lbf/ft N/m 14.5939 1 lbf/in N/m 175.1268 1 tonf/ft kN/m 29.1878 PRESSURE,STRESS,MODULUS OF ELASTICITY(FORCE PER UNIT AREA)(1 Pa=1 N/m2) 1 tonf/in2 MPa 13.7895 1 tonf/ft2 kPa 95.7605 1 kip/in2 MPa 6.894 757 1 lbf/in2 kPa 6.894 757 1 lbf/ft2 Pa 47.8803 Atmosphere kPa 101.3250 1 inch mercury kPa 3.37685 1 foot(water column at 32°F) kPa 2.98898 WORK,ENERGY,HEAT(1J=1N•m=1 Ws) 1 kWh(550 ft•lbf/s) MJ 3.6 1 Btu(Ink Table) U 1.055 056 1 1055.056 1 ft•lbf J 1.355 818 COEFFICIENT OF HEAT TRANSFER 1 Btu/(ft2•h•*F) I W/(m2•K) 5.678 263 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 1 Btu/(ft•h•°F) W/(m•K) 1.730 735 ILLUMINANCE 1 lm/ft2(footcandle) lx(lux) 10.763 91 LUMINANCE 1 cd/ft2 cd/m2 10.7639 1 foot lambert cd/m2 3.426 259 1 lambert kcd/m2 3.183 099 1-391 APPENDIX VI-K 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE GAGE CONVERSION TABLE APPROXIMATE MINIMUM THICKNESS(inch/mm)FOR CARBON SHEET STEEL CORRESPONDING TO MANUFACTURER'S STANDARD GAGE AND GALVANIZED SHEET GAGE NUMBERS CARBON SHEET STEEL GALVANIZED SHEET Decimal and Nominal Recommended Minimum Decimal and Nominal Recommended Minimum Manufacturer's Standard Thickness Equivalent Thickness Equlvalentt Galvanized Sheet Thickness Equivalent Thickness Equivalents Gage No. (Inch) (mm)2 (Inch) (mm)2 Gage No. (inch) (mm)2 (inch) (mm)2 8 0.1644 4.17 0.156 3.46 8 0.1681 4.27 0.159 4.04 9 0.1495 3.80 0.142 3.61 9 0.1532 3.89 0.144 3.66 10 0.1345 3.42 0.127 3.23 10 0.1382 3.51 0.129 3.23 11 0.1196 3.04 0.112 2.84 11 0.1233 3.13 0.114 2.90 12 0.1046 2.66 0.097 2.46 12 0.1084 2.75 0.099 2.51 13 0.0897 2.28 0.083 2.11 13 0.0934 2.37 0.084 2.13 14 0.0747 1.90 0.068 1.73 14 0.0785 1.97 0.070 1.78 15 0.0673 1.71 0.062 1.57 15 0.0710 1.80 0.065 1.65 16 0.0598 1.52 0.055 1.40 16 0.0635 1.61 0.058 1.47 17 0.0538 1.37 0.050 1.27 17 0.0575 1.46 0.053 1.35 18 0.0478 1.21 0.044 1.12 18 0.0516 1.31 0.047 1.19 19 0.0418 1.06 0.038 0.97 19 0.0456 1.16 0.041 1.04 20 0.0359 0.91 0.033 0.84 20 0.0396 1.01 0.036 0.91 21 0.0329 0.84 0.030 0.76 21 0.0366 0.93 0.033 0.84 22 0.0299 0.76 0.027 0.69 22 0.0336 0.85 0.030 0.76 23 0.0269 0.68 0.024 0.61 23 0.0306 0.78 0.027 0.69 24 0.0239 0.61 0.021 0.53 24 0.0276 0.70 0.024 0.61 25 0.0209 0.53 0.018 0.46 25 0.0247 0.63 0.021 0.53 26 0.0179 0.45 0.016 0.41 26 0.0217 0.55 0.019 0.48 27 0.0164 0.42 0.014 0.36 27 0.0202 0.51 0.017 0.43 28 0.0149 0.38 0.013 0.33 28 0.0187 0.47 0.016 0.41 29 0.0172 0.44 0.014 0.36 30 0.0157 0.40 0.013 0.33 The thickness of the sheets set forth in the code correspond to the thickness shown under these columns.They are the approximate minimum thicknesses and are based on the following references: Carbon sheet steel-Thickness 0.071 inch and over: ASTM A 568-74,Table 3,Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet (Carbon Steel). Carbon sheet steel-Thickness less than 0.071 inch: ASTM A 568-74,Table 23,Thickness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High Strength Low Alloy). Galvanized sheet steel-All thicknesses: ASTM A 525-79,Table 4,Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Dip Galvanized Sheet. Minimum thickness is the difference between the thickness equivalent of each gage and the maximum negative tolerance for the widest rolled width. 2The SI equivalents are calculated and rounded to two significant figures following the decimal point. 1-392 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE INDEX A Definition .............................................. 202 ABANDONMENT Exit marking......................................... 1212.7 Tanks of flammable or combustible liquids .............. 7902.1.7 APARTMENT HOUSE,definition .......................... 202 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS .................. Article 2 APPEALS............................................ 103.1.4 ACCESS,FIRE DEPARTMENT APPLIANCESElectrical Article 85 ......................................... Building openings,to .................................. 902.3 Fire appliances 2501.13 General ............................................... 902 Heating and cookingappliances,definition 209 High-piled combustible storage 8102.6.2 Heat-producing Refrigeration systems .................................. 6306 Operating heating,lighting and cooking appliances .... 7903.2.1.4 Wrecking yards ........................................ 3404 Portable appliance,definition 202 ACCESS ROADS,FIRE APPARATUS Stationary appliances,definition........................... 202 Bridges ........................................... 902.2.2.5 APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES,general ... Article 45 Construction or demolition............................. 8704.2 Airport,heliports ..................................... 2401.5 Fire hydrants ........................................ 903.4.2 APPROVED,definition ................................... 202 General ............................................... 902 High-piled combustible storage ....................... 8102.6.1 AREA,definition ........................................ 202 Lumber yards ....................................... 3004.4 AREA SEPARATION WALLS,MAINTENANCE OF ........ 1111.1 Obstruction and control ............................... 902.2.4 ASBESTOS,removal of ................................. 8707 Outdoor carnivals and fairs .............................. 2504 Temporary membrane structures,tents and canopies ... Article 32 ASHTRAYS ......................................... 2501.12 Wrecking yards ........................................ 3404 ASPHALT KETTLES ....................... 202, 1105,8704.13 ACCUMULATION OF COMBUSTIBLES ASSEMBLY,definition 202 ................................... Flammable and combustible liquid storage areas,in ..... 7902.1.6 ASSEMBLY,PLACES OF ADMINISTRATION ................................... Article 1 (see also PLACES OF ASSEMBLY) Article 25 ADOPTION OF UNIFORM FIRE CODE(see page xxv) ATRIUM FURNISHINGS .............................. 1103.3.4 AEROSOL PRODUCTS ............................. Article 88 ATTIC,STORAGE 1103.3.2.5 ................................. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems ............ 88021.6,8803 AUTHORITY Cartons.....................................8801.5,8802.2.5 Draft curtains ........................................ 8803.3 At fires and other emergencies.......................... 104.1 Hose connections ................................... 8803.2.4 Of fire personnel ................................... 103.2.1.2 In-rack sprinklers ...................................8803.2.3 Of police personnel ................................ 103.2.1.2 Storage and retail displays .............................. 8802 AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS Aisles ................................... 8802.2.6,8802.4.7 Aerosols ...........................................8802.1.6 Alarms . ................................. 8802.1.8,8802.4.4 General .............................................. 1003 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems . ................8802.1.6 High-piled combustible storage .............. 8102.4,Table 81-A Basement storage ................................. 8802.1.5 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Containers .............................. 8802.1.2,8802.2.4 (see SPRINKLER SYSTEM) Packaging ........................................8802.1.3 Quantity AUTOMOBILE WRECKING YARDS ................... Article 34 Limited storages ........................ 8802.3.2,8802.4.3 Burning operations ..................................... 3409 Retail display areas ..................... 8802.2.2,8802.2.3 Fire apparatus access to roads .......................... 3404 Warehouse storage .............................. 8802.4.3 Tires ................................................. 3408 Segregation ......................................8802.3.3 Welding and cutting .................................... 3405 Shelf storage ..................................... 8802.1.4 Storage cabinets ..................................8802.1.7 B Warehouses ....................................... 8802.4 AIR BAG SYSTEMS................................... 3410.4 BALCONIES AIRPORTS,HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS ............ Article 24 Definition .............................................. 203 Fire escapes .......................................... 1205 Aircraft,motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station,definition ... 2401.2 BARBECUE(see RECREATIONAL FIRES and COMMERCIAL Application of flammable finishes....................... 2402.2 BARBECUE PITS) Bonding and grounding ............................. 2404.5.2 Cleaning parts ....................................... 2402.3 BARREL,definition ...................................... 203 Clearance .......................................... 2403.2 BARRIERS............................................. 1208 Combustible storage ................................ 2401.10 BATTERY SYSTEMS,STATIONARY LEAD ACID Construction of aircraft refuelers ....................... 2402.1 Dispensing flammable and combustible liquids ........... 2401.3 Installation and maintenance ............................ 6404 Dispensing hoses and nozzles ........................2404.3.4 Neutralization ....................................... 6404.5 Drip pans ........................................... 2401.7 Occupancy separation ................................ 6404.3 AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES .................... Article 32 Permits ............................................... 6403 Safety venting ....................................... 6404.2 AISLES Seismic protection ................................... 6404.8 Aerosol products ........................... 8802.2.6,8802.4.7 Signs..............................................1 6404.7 Assembly occupancies .............. 2501.9,2501.14,2502.4.4 Smoke detection ..................................... 6404.9 Baled storage . ........................................ 2805 Spill control . ........................................ 6404.4 General .............................................. 1204 Ventilation .......................................... 6404.6 High-piled combustible storage .............. 8101.6.3,8102.10 BIN BOX......................................... 203,8103.1 Liquid storage rooms ........................... 7902.5.11.2.4 BLASTING AGENTS(see also EXPLOSIVES) . Article 77,7703.4, Mall buildings.......................................... 3504 7703.5,8003.2 ALTER AND ALTERATION,definition...................... 202 BOARD OF APPEALS ALTERNATE MATERIALS AND METHODS .............. 103.1.2 BOILING POINT,definition ............................... AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES BOND (see also EXPLOSIVES) .......................Table A-VI-F-5 AMMUNITION 7704.1 For explosives splay ................................. 02. .4 ........................................ For fireworks display ................................7802.4.3 AMUSEMENT BUILDING .......................... 1006.2.12.1 BONDING AND GROUNDING 1-393 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Aircraft refueler units ................................ 2404.3.8 CLEANING Container filling(flammable and combustible liquids) ..... 7901.10 After fumigation ........................................ 4709 Cryogenic........................................... 7501.7 Parts in aircraft hangars .............................. 2401.6 Dry-cleaning equipment.............................. 3603.13 With flammable and combustible liquids ....... 7903.1.2,7903.2.2 Eliminating static accumulation . ...................... 7901.10 CLEARANCES Flammable cryogenic fluids. ........................... 7501.7 Of combustibles to LP-gases ............................ 8209 Organic coating equipment .............................. 5012 Powder coating ...................................... 4505.3 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS............................. Article 28 Vessels(use,dispensing and mixing of Baled storage ......................................... 2805 flammable and combustible liquids) ................ 7903.2.1.3 Definition .............................................. 204 BRIDGES(see also ACCESS ROADS, Dust-collection system .................................. 2807 FIRE APPARATUS) . ............................... 902.2.2.5 Loose storage ......................................... 2804 BUILDING CODE Storage bins,definition .................................. 204 Storage of agricultural products .......................... 2806 Definition .............................................. 203 Storage rooms,definition. ................................ 204 Reference tables.............................. Appendix VI-G Storage vaults,definition ................................. 204 BUILDING OFFICIAL,definition ........................... 203 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID(see also FLAMMABLE BUILDINGS,definition ................................... 203 AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS),definition ................ 204 Bulk plants .......................................... 7904.4 COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS ............................ 1103 Construction,alteration and demolition . ....... 103.3.3,Article 87 Accumulation of rubbish and vegetation ................. 1103.2 High rise,existing ............................... Appendix I-B Combustible decorative materials ..................... 1103.3.3 Sealing of ............................................. 4707 Handling ..................................... 1103.2, 1103.3 Unsafe ............................................. 103.4.5 Open flame ......................................... 1109.3 Vacant ............................................... 1110 Storage............................................. 1103.3 Well drilling . ................. .................... 7904.3.2.3 Attics .......................................... 1103.3.2.5 BULK OXYGEN SYSTEMS . .........................8004.1.14 Buildings ....................................... 1103.3.3.2 Concealed spaces . .............................. 1103.3.2.5 BULK PLANTS ....................................... 7904.4 Outside .......................................... 1103.3.5 Buildings .......................................... 7904.4.2 Underfloor ...................................... 1103.3.2.5 Definition .............................................. 203 COMMERCIAL BARBECUE PITS....................... 1102.5 Drainage control . ................................... 7904.4.8 Fire protection ...................................... 7904.4.9 COMMERCIAL COOKING OPERATIONS .................. 1005 Ignition sources ..................................... 7904.4.7 COMMERCIAL RUBBISH HANDLING OPERATIONS .... 1103.2.3 Loading and unloading facilities ..................... 7904.4.6.6 COMPRESSED GASES Means of egress . ................................. 7904.4.2.2 Storage ............................................ 79044.4 Cylinders ..................... ...................... 7401.4 .........................................Ventilation 7904:4.3 Definition ........................................... 204 Wharves ........................................... 7904A.6 Flammable .......................................... 8003.5 For Inflation ........................................ 7403.1.9 BULLET RESISTANT,definition . .......................... 203 General .............................................. 7401 Storage magazines ................................. 7702.3.4 Medical gass stems 7404 ................................ BURNING OPERATIONS Oxidizing ........................................... 8003.6 Automobile wrecking yards . ............................. 3409 Sources of ignition . ................................. 7401.8.8 Commercial barbecue pits............................. 1102.5 Storage............................................... 7402 Incinerators ........................................ 1102.2 Toxic and highly toxic Open burning ...................................... 1102.3 Storage ........................................... 8003.3 Recreational fires . .................................. 1102.4 Use............................................ 8004.2.3.7 Incinerators and open burning,general.................... 1102 Use and handling ...................................... 7403 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS MOTOR VEHICLE C FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS ......................... 5204 CABINETS CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE (flammable and combustible liquids) ............... Article 79 Flammable liquid storage ............................ 7902.5.9 Control areas,in ...................................7902.5.10 Hazardous materials ...............................8001.10.6 Design,construction and installation requirements ... 7902.1.8.1.1 CANDLES Dry-cleaning plants................................... 3603.8 Use . ....................................... 1109.8,2501.17 Empty containers . ......................... 7902.3.9,7902.5.3 CANOPIES(see TEMPORARY MEMBRANE General ............................................ 7902.1 STRUCTURES,TENTS AND CANOPIES) Inside of buildings . ................................... 7902.5 CARCINOGENS 204,8003.15 Liquid storage rooms ............................... 7902.5.11 ••.••.••.••...................•• Liquid storage warehouses ..........................7902.5.12 CARGO TANK,definition ................................. 204 Organic coating manufacturing. .......................... 5005 Outside of buildings . ................................. 7902.3 CARNIVALS,outdoor ................................... 2504 Plastic......................................... 7902.1.8.1.3 CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM ....... Article 33 Portable fire extinguishers ........................ 7902.5.1.2.1 Buildings ........................................... 3303 Quantity limits ...................................... 7902.5.7 Storage and handling ................................... 3304 Semiconductor fabrication facilities ....................5101.7.1 CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS .................... Article 27 Spray finishing....................................... 4502.7 Definition ....... ••''''''.''.'''.''.''................. 204 Storage cabinets.................................... 7902.5.9 CONTAINERS(cryogenic fluids) . ........................ 7502 Display of plastics ...................................... 2704 Fire-protection equipment ... ...... ...................... 2706 Aboveground ........................................ 7503.1 Sources of ignition . .................................... 2707 Approval of.......................................... 7501.5 Storage and handling ................................... 2705 Design,construction and testing . ...................... 7502.1 CHANGES IN USE OR OCCUPANCY OF BUILDINGS .. 103.3.2.3 Markings ........................................... 7501.7 Pressure-relief devices ............................... 7502.2 CHIEF,definition . ....................................... 204 Pressure-relief vent piping............................. 7502.3 CHIMNEYS CONTAINERS(general) Spark arresters ...........•.......................... 1109.7 Belowground,definition .................................. 203 CHRISTMAS TREES . ...................... Appendix IV-B Closed,definition . ...................................... 204 Cryogenic fluids ..................................... 7501.5 CITATIONS............................. 103.4.4,Appendix VI-E Definition(flammable and combustible liquids) ..........7901.2.2 CLASSIFICATION LP-gas,location ....................................... 8204 Flammable and combustible liquids.................... 7901.1.2 CONTAINMENT PALLETS Hazardous materials ................................ 8001.1.2 Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 7901.8 Refrigerants ........ ................................... 6302 Hazardous materials ................................ 8003.1.3 1-394 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE CONTROL AND INVESTIGATION OF General ............................................. 7903 EMERGENCY SCENES ................................. 104 Inside of buildings .................................. 7903.2 CONTROL AREAS ............................. 204,8001.10.2 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ............... Article 52 Outside ........................................... 7903.3 CONVERSION OIL BURNER,definition .................... 204 Use,dispensing and mixing rooms ................... 7903.2.3 COOKING EQUIPMENT LP-gas motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations .............. 5203 Heating and cooking appliance,definition .................. 209 DISTILLERIES(see REFINERIES) Tents ................................................. 3216 DOORS(see also MEANS OF EGRESS, CORROSION PROTECTION Obstructions)................................... 1203, 1207 (flammable and combustible liquids) Places of assembly .................................. 2501.8 For tank and piping.................................7902.6.15 DRAINAGE CONTROL Piping,valves and fittings ........................... 7901.11.3 Flammable and combustible liquids CORROSIVE,definition . ................................. 204 Bulk plants ....................................... 7904.4.8 Classification ......................... 8002.2.2,Appendix VI-A General ........................................... 7901.8 Examples . .................................... Appendix VI-A Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 Storage............................................ 8003.14 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 Use .................................................. 8004 Loading and unloading tank vehicles and tank cars..... NO TAG COVERED MALL BUILDINGS ........................ Article 35 On farms and construction sites ..................... 7904.2.6 Stationary aboveground tanks ....................... 7902.2.8 CRUDE PETROLEUM,definition .......................... 204 Terminals......................................... 7904.4.8 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS ....................... Article 75,8003.11 Use,dispensing and mixing Containers .......................................... 7501.4 Outside ......................................... 7903.3.2 Corrosion notification .............................. 7503.1.3.6 Rooms ......................... 7903.2.3.4.4,7903.2.3.5.4 Cryogenic fluid systems. ............................. 7503.1.2 Hazardous materials Design and construction ........................... 7503.1.3.2 Storage ........................................ 8003.1.3.3 Electrical wiringand equipment 7501.10 Use,dispensing and handling General............................ ... .. .. .. 8004.1.4 ....................... Filling and dispensing supports fo cont .e s ................ 01.4.3 Indoors .............................8004.2.2.5,8004.2.3.6 Foundations and supports for containers ............... 7501.4,4 Handling ........................................... Outdoors ....................................... 8004.3.3 7503.4 Identification signs .................................. 7501.7.2 DRY CLEANING .................................... Article 36 Indoor storage ....................................... 7502.2 Bonding and grounding .............................. 3603.12 Joints ........................................... 7503.1.3.3 Control of solvents ..................... 3601.5,3602.3,3603.8 Leaks,damage and corrosion ........................ 7501.13 Dry-cleaning units.................................... 3603.9 Lighting............................................ 7501.14 Drying tumblers and cabinets ......................... 3603.11 Marking ............................................ 7501.7 Electrical wiring and equipment ........................ 3603.7 Material specific requirements ......................... 7503.2 Equipment ....... ................................... 3602.2 Outdoor storage ..................................... 7502.3 Fire protection ....................................... 3601.6 Physical protection .................................. 7501.8.5 Fuel-burning equipment............................... 3603.6 Piping systems ..................................... 7503.1.3 Occupancy requirements ............................. 3603.4 Pressure-relief devices . .............................. 7501.5 Plant classification ................................... 3601.4 Pressure-relief vent piping............................. 7501.6 Scouring,brushing and spotting ....................... 3603.13 Securing of containers . .............................. 7501.8.3 Smoking ............................................ 3601.7 Security ............................................ 7501.8 Spotting operations .......................... 3602.4,3603.13 Separation from hazardous conditions .................. 7501.9 Stills .............................................. 3603.10 Service and repair .................................. 7501.11 System classification ................................. 3601.4 Storage............................................... 7502 Ventilation .......................................... 3603.5 Testing .......................................... 7503.1.3.7 DRYING OVENS(see OVENS) Unauthorized use ................................... 7501.12 DUST,definition ......................................... 205 Use and handling ...................................... 7503 Valves and accessory equipment.................... 7503.1.3.4 DUST EXPLOSIONS,PREVENTION OF . .............. Article 76 CURTAIN BOARDS ............................... 204,8102.8 Dust collection ................................... 2807,7604 CYLINDERS Electrical ............................................. 7606 Enclosures ............................................ 7602 Manifolding . .............................. 4901.7.1,7403.1.2 Explosion control 7608 Securing ............................................ 7401.6 Grounding ............................................ 7606 Storage............................................... 7402 Housekeeping ......................................... 7605 Storage,use and handling(medical gases) ................ 7404 Open flames 7607 9 Smoking .......................................... 7607 Use and handling ...................................... 7403 g .............................................. Separators ............................................ 7603 D DWELLING,definition ................................... 205 DECORATIVE MATERIALS,COMBUSTIBLE ........... 1103.3.3 Dwelling unit,definition .................................. 205 Atria .............................................. 1103.3.4 E DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................. Article 2 DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS ........................ Article 87 EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE(ESFR) SPRINKLER ................................ 206,8102,8103 DETACHED STORAGE ..............................8003.1.15 ELECTRICAL CODE,definition 206 ........................... DIPPING OPERATIONS . ................................ 4503 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND WIRING . ............ Article 85 Coating operations .................................. 4503.10 Abatement of electrical hazards .......................... 8504 Construction of ...................................... 4503.3 Access to switchboards and panelboards 8509 Covers 4503. ................. •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 Compressed gases ....... ...... 7401.9 Fire-extinguishing equipment .......................... 4503.7 Cryogenic liquids ....... ................... 7501.6 Hardeningand tempering tanks ........................ 4503.9 '''''' P 9 Dry-cleaning facilities ................................. 3603.7 Location of operations ................................ 4503.1 Electrical motors ....................................... 8505 Operations and maintenance .......................... 4503.6 Extension cords and flexible cords 8506 Sources of ignition ................................... 4503.5 Flammable and combustible liquids ..................... 7901.4 Storage and handling of flammable liquids ............... 4503.4 Fruit-ripening processes 4604 Ventilation 0 . "•'•" ••.•.. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4532 Hazardous materials ............................... 8001.11.4 DISPENSING Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations .................. 5201.7 Areas(for cryogens) .................................. 7501.9 Multiplug adapters ..................................... 8507 CNG motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations................ 5204 Oil-burning equipment .................................. 6104 Flammable and combustible liquids Organic coating manufacturing........................... 5011 Airports .......................................... .2401.9 Power taps............................................ 8508 1-395 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Semiconductor fabrication facilities . ................... 5101.9.4 Testing . ....................................1001.4,1001.5.2 Spray finishing. .................................. .... 4501.6 FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS(see ACCESS ROADS) Temporary wiring ...................................... 8503 ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS(spray finishing) . ......... 4504 FIRE APPLIANCE . .................................. 2501.13 Controls 4504.2 Assembly buildings.................................. 25. 207 ............................................ Definition .. 207 ............................. Equipment type ...................................... 4504.1 Maintenance ................................ 1001.5,2501.13 Guards ............................................. 4504.3 Tampering with 1001.6 Location ... 4504.1 ...................................... ......................................... Type required 1001.10 Maintenance YP ........................................ 4504.4 FIRE ASSEMBLY Signs ............................................... 4504.3 Ventilation .......................................... 4504.5 Definition . ............................................. 207 Identification ....................................... 1111.2.3 EMERGENCY ESCAPES ............... ................ 1206 Maintenance ....................... ................ 1111.2.1 EMERGENCY PLANS AND PROCEDURES ............... 1303 Obstruction ........................................ 1111.2.2 EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING ........ 7902.2.6,Appendix VI-B Operation .......................................... 1111.2.2 Testing ............................................ 1111.2.4 ENCLOSURE.................................... ..... 1210.5 FIRE BARRIER ENTRY,RIGHT OF .................................. 103.3.1.2 Definition ........................... ................... 207 EXECUTIVE BODY,definition . ............................ 206 Tampering with . ..................................... 104.1.3 EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE .........206,8003.3.1.3.3,8004.3.5.3 FIRE DEPARTMENT(see also FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU) EXPLOSION CONTROL Authority,general ................ ..................... 103.2 Fire emergencies .................................... 104.1 Flammable and combustible liquids ....... 7902.1.5,7903.2.3.4.3, Personnel ....................................... 103.2.1.2 7903.2.3.5.3 Police........................................... 103.2.1.2 Hazardous materials . .................. ............. 8003.1.7 To inspect . ...................................... 103.3.1.1 EXPLOSIVES ....................... ............ ... Article 77 Enforcement ... ...................................... 103.4 American Table of Distances ............ ........Table A-VI-F-5 Inspection ........................................... 103.3 Blasting agents ..................... .......... 7703.4,7703.5 Interference ........................ ................. 104.1.2 Bond ............................................... 7701.4 Organization .............. .......................... 103.2.2 Damaged material .................................. 7702.1.8 FIRE DOORS(see also DOORS,EXITS and Disposal .......................................... 7702.1.11 FIRE ASSEMBLY) General requirements .................................. 7701 Identification .............. ......................... 1111.2.3 Hazardous fire areas .................. Appendix II-A,Section 9 Testing ............................................ 1111.2.4 Magazines .......................................... 7702.3 FIRE DRILLS ............... .......................... 1303.6 Maintenance of magazines ..........................7702.1.13 FIRE EQUIPMENT,TAMPERING WITH . ................. 1001.E Manufacturing,assembling and testing .............. ...... 7704 Buildings .......................................... 7704.6 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Equipment..................................... .... 7704.6 Airports,heliports and helistops ....... ................ NO TAG Prohibition ......................................... 7701.7 Buildings under construction .......................... 8704.4.2 Permits ............................... ........ 105.8,7701.3 Carbon tetrachloride................. ................. 1002.2 Powder, retail sales .................................. 7702.2 Chlorobromomethane 1002.2 ................................ Retail sales ........................... .............. 7702.2 Commercial cooking operations ....................... 1005.2.7 Seizure ............................................. 7701.8 Defective 1002 ............................................. Storage of explosives............................ 7702,8003.2 Dip tank .. 4503.7.1 Terminals ........................................... 7703.3 Flammable and combustible liquids .................... 7901.5.3 Transportation ........................ ............... 7703.2 Food-processing equipment .......................... 1005.2.7 Use and handling of explosives .......... .......... .... 7703.1 General 1002 .............................................. EXTENSION CORDS .................................... 8506 Inverting ....... ..................................... 1002.2 Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ........... 5202.11 EXTRAHIGH RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE .......... 8104.5 Outdoor carnivals and fairs .............................. 2504 Prohibited types . .................................... 1002.2 F Sale of defective ...................................... . 1002 Soda acid ........................................... 1002.2 FABRICATION AREA(semiconductor facilities) Spray finishing...................................... 4502.8.2 H PM storage .......................................... 5102 Standards for. ...................... ................. 1002.1 Use and handling ...................................... 5103 Tank vehicles.............. ........... .............. 7904.6.7 FAIRS,Outdoor ........................................ 2504 Vaporizing liquid ..................................... 1002.2 Where required ...................................... 1002.1 FALSE ALARMS..............................1006.1.2, 1302.3 Wood products .................................... Article 30 FEDERAL APPROVAL ............................ .... 2403.5 FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS .................... Article 10 FILM,CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE . ..... Article 33 Alternate for access roadways . ........................ 902.2.1 Buildings ............................ ................. 3303 Approval ............................................ 1001.4 Handling3304 Basements..................................... Appendix I-A .............................................. Buildings under construction . ......... ................. 1001.1 Storage............................................... 3304 Combustible fiber storage vaults . ........................ 2803 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS . ........ ........................ 1006 Commercial cooking operations ........................ 1005.2 Annunciation ..................................... 1006.3.3.7 Concealment,obstruction and impairment ............... 1001.7 Apartments and hotels ............................... 1006.2.9 Corridor protection ..................... Appendices I-A and I-B Approval ............................................ 1001.4 Dipping operations . .................. ................ 4503.7 Automatic,definition .............................. ....... 202 Ducts,general ......................................... 1005 General requirements ................ ................ 1006.1 Semiconductor fabrication ......................... 5101.11.5 False alarms . ......................... .............. 1302.3 Electrostatic spraying operations . ...................... 4504.6 Maintenance ....................................... 1001.5.1 Existing buildings ...................... Appendices I-A and I-B Monitoring .......................... ............. 1006.3.3.6 Flammable and combustible liquids ..................... 7901.5 Obstruction ......................................... 1001.4 Container and portable tanks inside buildings........ 7902.5.1.2 Organic coating manufacturing facilities ............. ...... 5013 Liquid storage room ...................... 7901.5,7902.5.11.5 Out of service . ............................ 1001.5.2, 1006.1.2 Liquid storage warehouse ................ 7901.5,7902.5.12.5 Plans........................................... .... 1001.3 Stationary tanks . .................................. 7902.2.4 Required installations ................................. 1006.2 Tank supports .................................. 7902.1.16.4 Standby personnel . ................................. 1006.1.2 Use,dispensing and mixing rooms ........ 7901.5,7903.2.3.2.3 System design....................................... 1006.3 Wholesale and retail sales areas . .............. 7902.5.10.2.4 System failure . ................................... .. 1006.1.2 Flammable finishing Tampering .......................................... 1001.6 Dipping operations. ................................. 4503.7 Telephone dialing ............................... 1006.3.3.6.2 Electrostatic spraying .............. ................. 4504.6 1-396 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Organic peroxide coating ............................ 4506.2 FLAME RETARDANT Powder coating . ................................... 4505.9 Definition .............................................. 207 Spraying operations ................................ 4502.8 Tents,canopies and membranes ......................... 3207 General . ............................... ... 1003 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Hazardouss materials . ............................... 8003.1.E High-piled combustible storage ........................ 8102.4 Abandonment of tanks ............................... 7902.1.7 High-rise buildings .............................. Appendix I-B Aboveground tanks Magnesium storage . ................................... 4808 Anchorage ......................................7902.1.16 Maintenance ........................................ 1001.5 Diking............................................ 7902.2.8 Obstruction ......................................... 1001.7 Disposal ..................................... 7902.1.7.4.2 Organic peroxide coating.............................. 4506.2 Drainage control................................... 7902.2.8 Permissible omissions ................................ 1003.4 Foundations .....................................7902.1.16 Powder coating operations ............................ 4505.9 Installation........................................7902.1.8 Protection of commercial cooking operations............... 1005 Openings other than vents ...............1 7902.1.15,7902.2.7 Required installations. ..............•................. 1003.2 Out of service Semiconductor fabrication facilities .................... 5101.11 90 days..................................... 7902.1.7.3.2 Special hazards ..................................... 1001.9 One year ................................... 7902.1.7.3.3 Standards for installation ............................. 1003.1.2 Outside of buildings,stationary ....................... 7902.2 Tampering with ...................................... 1001.6 Removal ....................................... 7902.1.7.4 Testing ................................ 1001.4,Appendix III-C Seismic design of supports and connections .........7902.1.12 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases............. 8003.3.1.2 Supports ........................................7902.1.16 Ventilating hoods ...................................... 1005 Temporarily out of service ...................... 7902.1.7.3.1 FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS.................... Appendix III-A Vents FIRE HAZARDS Emergency......................................7902.2.6 Normal ............................ 7902.1.13,7902.1.13.8 Definition .............................................. 207 Accumulation of combustibles ......................•. 7902.1.6 Unlawful continuance of............................... 103.4.4 Basement storage ............................... 7902.5.11.6 Use stopped ...................................... 103.4.1.3 Bonding of vessels ................................ 7903.2.1.3 FIRE HYDRANT(see also FIRE APPLIANCE) Bulk plants or terminals ............................... 7904.4 Approval ....... 1001.4 Cabinets(see storage cabinets) Change of tank contents ... 7902.1.2 General ion .................................9 ..... 9 001.1 Cleaning with .......................................7903.2.2 Identification distribution ....................... .Appendix 1 III-B Clearance from combustibles Location and distribution ................ .431.2, Appendix III.5 Containers and portable tanks.......................7902.3.7 Maintenance ....................... 90. ......901.4.3,1001.5 Closure of mixing or blending vessels ................ 7903.2.1.2 Markers . .................................... 3. .1.3,1001.8 Construction requirements . ........................... 7901.6 Obstruction with ............................. 3.4.1.3, 1 1001.2 Use, mixing and dispensing rooms ................. 7903.2.3.2 Tampering with ........................... 903.4.1.3, 1001.6.2 Testis 1001.4 Construction sites,storage and dispensing on ........... 7904.2 g ....•.......................'•..•............ Container-filling facilities for Class I liquids.............. 7903.1.4 Use ................................................ 903.4.4 Containers FIRE MARSHAL ....................... ............. 103.2.2.2 Capacity ... 7902.1.8 ...................................... FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU Construction ...................................... 7902.1.8 (see also FIRE DEPARTMENT) ..................... 103.2.2.1 Design ...........................................7902.1.8 FIRE PREVENTION ENGINEER ...................... 103.2.2.2 Exempt amounts for control areas ................... 7902.5.7 Plastic ....................................... 7902.1.8.1.3 FIRE PROTECTION(see also Quantity limits for storage........................... 7902.5.7 FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS) .................. Article 10 Shelf storage ..................................... 7902.5.6 FIRE REPORTING •....'•.....'•..'.'.....•..........•' 1302 Storage inside buildings ............................. 7902.5 Storage outside of buildings.......................... 7902.3 FIRE RESISTIVE(see also FLAME RETARDANT) Containment pallets ............................... 8003.1.3.4 Construction,definition . ................................. 207 Cooking appliances using Class I liquids ............. 7903.2.1.4 Construction,maintenance of...................... 1111.1, 1112 Corrosion protection for tanks........................7902.6.15 Rating,definition ........................................ 207 Degreasing(see Listed and approved machines) FIRE SAFETY Diking Alterations 8705 On farms and construction sites ..................... 7904.2.E ........................................... Dispensing Approvals ............................................. 8703 P 9 ............................................ 790 Construction 8704 From tank vehicles •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• On farms and construction sites ....................7904.2.8 Demolition ............................................ 8706 Inside buildings ........................ 7903.2 Precautions,general .......... Article 9 Outside buildings ................................... ......................... FIRE WATCH ......................................... 8706.6 Drainage control ....................................8003.1.3 FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Bulk plants or terminals ............................ 7904.4.8 1001.4 Containers and portable tanks .......................7902.3.4 Approval ............ Identification ......... 901. . Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 Liquid storage warehouses 7902.5,12.3 ...................... Maintenance of ...................................... 1001.5 On farms and construction sites . 7904.2.6 Marking of ........................................... 901. ••••••••''•••• 4 Use,mixing and dispensing Obstruction of ....................................... 1001.7 Inside rooms and buildings ........ 7903.2.3.4.4,7903.2.3.5.4 Tampering with ...................................... 1001.6 Outside of buildings ............................. 7903.3.2 Testing ........... 1001.4 Electrical .........g FIREWORKS(see also PYROTECHNIC Empty containers and tanks ................. 7902.3.9,7902.5.3 SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL) .................... Article 78 Exempt amounts for control areas Bond .............................................. 7802.4.3 Storage ........................................ 7902.5.7.1 Display operations .................................. 7802.4.9 Use,dispensing and mixing ..................... 7903.2.1.6.1 Displays ............................................ 7802.4 Explosion control Electrical firing units ................................. 7802.4.6 Storage areas......................... 7902.1.5,7902.5.11.7 General ............................................ 7802.1 Use,mixing and dispensing rooms Ground pieces...................................... 7802.4.5 and buildings .................... 7903.2.3.4.3,7903.2.3.5.3 Hazardous fire areas ................. Appendix II-A,Section 10 Farms,storage and dispensing on...................... 7904.2 Inspection ....................................... 7802.4.4.3 Fire extinguishers Mortars ............................................ 7802.4.4 On farms and constructions sites ....................7904.2.7 Permits Fire protection ....................................... 7901.5 Displays........................................... 7801.3 Bulk plants or terminals ............................ 7904.4.9 Manufacturing ..................................... 7801.3 Containers and portable tanks inside buildings....... 7902.5.1.2 Pyrotechnic operator . ...............................7802.4.2 Liquid storage rooms .......................... 7902.5.11.5 Supervision ........................................ 7802.4.8 Liquid storage warehouses ..................... 7902.5.12.5 1-397 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Wholesale and retail sales occupancies ........ 7902.5,10.2.4 Spill control ......................................... 7901.8 Stationary tanks outside of buildings ............ .....7902.2.4 Containers and portable tanks . ...................... 7902.3.4 Fittings ............................................ 7901.11 Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 Flexible joints. ..................................... 7901.11.7 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 General .............................................. 7901 On farms and construction sites .....................7904.2.6 Gravity discharge from tanks Use,mixing and dispensing On farms and construction sites ................. 7904.2.5.5.3 Inside rooms and buildings ........ 7903.2.3.4.4,7903.2.3.5.4 Handling Outside of buildings ..............................7903.3.2 Outside of buildings ......................... .. ...... 7903.3 Stairs ............................................7902.1.17 Heating Status of tanks . .................................... 7902.1.7 Appliances using Class I liquids .............. ..... 7903.2.1.4 Storage............................................... 7902 Bulk plants or terminals .......................... 7904.4.2.3 In control areas . ................................. 7902.5.10 Hoses,in liquid transfer operations .................. 7903.1.3.4 Storage cabinets(see Liquid storage cabinets) . ......... 7902.5.9 Ignition,source of . .................................. 7901.10 Storage rooms(see Liquid storage rooms) Bulk plants or terminals ................. ........... 7904.4.7 Tank cars Incompatible materials . ..............................7902.5.4 Loading and unloading ............ ....... ........... 7904.5 Labeling .................................. 7901.9,7902.1.3.2 Use as storage tanks .............. 7902.1.8.1.2,7902.1.8.2.2 Leak detection for tanks ............................7902.6.12 Tank vehicles........................................ 7904.6 Linings,of tanks . ............................... 7902.1.8.2.9 Loading and unloading .............................. 7904.5 Liquid storage cabinets . .................. ........... 7902.5.9 Loading racks .................... ................ . NO TAG Liquid storage rooms ............................... 7902.5.11 Operation of ....................................... 7904.6 Liquid storage warehouses ..........................7902.5.12 Use as storage tanks .............. 7902.1.8.1.2,7902.1.8.2.2 Liquid transfer .................................... .. 7903.1.3 Tanks(see also aboveground,portable and underground tanks) Listed and approved machines...................... 7903.2.2.3 Acceptance testing . ........................... 7902.1.8.2.5 Loading and unloading of tank vehicles and cars . ........ 7904.5 Anchorage ......................................7902.1.16 Loading racks Construction sites,location on ..................... 7904.2.5.4 Location Corrosion protection ... ...........................7902.6.15 Containers and portable tanks on property . ........... 7902.3.3 Farms,location on ............................... 7904.2.5.4 Processing vessels ..................... 7903.2.1.5,7903.3.4 Foundations .................... .................7902.1.16 Tanks,on farms and construction sites ............. 7904.2.5.4 Leak detection ...................................7902.6.12 Use,mixing and dispensing Lining ........................................ 7902.1.8.2.9 Rooms inside buildings . ........................ 7903.2.3.2 Locations subject to flooding .................... 7902.1.8.2.4 Outside of buildings ............................. .7903.3.3 Openings other than vents .........................7902.1.15 Maintenance and operation of equipment............... 7902.5.8 Portable Mixing(see Use) Emergency venting ............................... 7902.3.9 Occupancy quantity limits Pressure limitations ............................ 7902.1.8.2.3 Storage ........................................ 7902.5.7.2 Product compatibility ........................... 7902.1.8.2.6 Use,dispensing and mixing .............. ....... 7903.2.1.6.2 Seismic design ...................................7902.1.12 Open flames . .................................... 7902.1.3.1 Stationary,aboveground,inside buildings .............. 7902.4 Parts cleaning(see Listed and approved machines) Stationary,aboveground,outside of buildings........... 7902.2 Permits ............................................ 7901.3.1 Supports ........................................7902.1.16 Pipe joints ........................................ 7901.11.8 Testing ..........................................7902.6.16 Piping ................................... 7901.11,7903.1.3.4 Underground ...................................... 7902.6 Wharves at bulk plants or terminals ................ 7904.4.6.5 Vents Placards ......................................... 7902.1.3.2 Emergency vents ...................... 7902.1.14,7902.2.6 Plans............................................. . 7901.3.2 Normal vents ...................................7902.1.13 Platforms .........................................7902.1.17 Transfer ...........................................7903.1.3 Portable fire extinguishers ........... 7902.5.1.2.1,7902.5.11.5.2 Unauthorized releases ............. ................... 7901.7 Portable tanks Underground tanks ................................... 7902.6 Capacity ..................................... 7902.1.8.1.1 Abandonment in place ......................... 7902.1.7.2.4 Construction ...................................... 7902.1.8 Corrosion protection ..............................7902.6.15 Design ...........................................7902.1.8 Depth and cover ..................................7902.6.4 Storage Disposal ..................................... 7902.1.7.4.2 Outside of buildings ... ............................ 7902.3 Leak detection ................................... 7902.6.12 Inside buildings . ...................... ............ 7902.5 Leaking tanks ..................................... 7902.6.8 Powered industrial truck operation ..................... 7901.12 Lining ...........................................7902.6.10 Protection from vehicles Location.......................................... 7902.6.3 Containers and portable tanks. ...................... 7902.3.6 Openings other than vents ............. 7902.1.15,7902.1.15.2 Quantity limits Out of service For use inside buildings .......................... 7903.2.1.6 90 days..................................... 7902.1.7.2.2 Refineries........................................... 7904.7 one year .................................... 7902.1.7.2.3 Retail sales ..................................... 7902.5.10.2 Overfill protection .................................. 7902.6.5 Rooms for using,mixing and dispensing liquids in Reinstallation ................... .............. 7902.1.7.2.5 quantities in excess of exempt amounts . ............. 7903.2.3 Removal ....................................... 7902.1.7.4 Secondary containment............................... 7901.8 Secondary containment ........................... 7902.6.11 Containers and portable tanks .......................7902.3.4 Temporarily out of service . ....... .............. 7902.1.7.2.1 Liquid storage rooms.................... ........ 7902.5.11.3 Testing ..........................................7902.6.16 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 Used tanks ....................................... 7902.6.9 Underground tanks ............................... 7902.6.11 Vents Use,mixing and dispensing Emergency vents ...................... 7902.1.14,7902.2.6 Inside rooms and buildings ........ 7903.2.3.4.4,7903.2.3.5.4 Normal vents . ...................... 7902.1.13,7902.1.13.9 SecurityUse ............. ..................................... 7903 Containers and portable tanks....................... 7902.3.5 Inside buildings . ................................... 7903.2 Seismic design of tank supports . .....................7902.1.12 Outside buildings ...... .......... ................... 7903.3 Separation from incompatible materials . ............... 7902.1.6 Valves ........................... ................. 7901.11.4 Shelf storage ....................................... 7902.5.6 In liquid transfer operations ....................... 7903.1.3.4 Signs.................................I.....7901.9,7902.1.3 Ventilation Site requirements .................................... 7901.6 Bulk plants or terminals . ........................... 7904.4.3 Smoking ......................................... 7902.1.3.1 In use,mixing and dispensing Sources of ignition . ........................ 7901.10,7902.1.4 rooms/buildings ................ .. 7903.2.3.4.2,7903.2.3.5.2 Special operations . .................................... 7904 Vents Bulk plants or terminals ............................. 7904.4 Emergency venting of tanks . .............. 7902.1.14,7902.2.6 Loading and unloading of tank vehicles and cars ........ 7904.5 Normal venting of tanks ...........................7902.1.13 Storage and dispensing on farms and construction sites . 7904.2 Walkways .........................................7902.1.17 Well drilling and operating ........................... 7904.3 Warehouses(see Liquid storage warehouses) 1-398 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Weather protection Spraying room . ......................................... 220 Containers and portable tanks....................... 7902.3.8 Touch-up painting .................................... 4502.1 Well drilling and operating ............................. 7904.3 Ventilation .......................................... 4502.5 Wharves at bulk plants or terminals.................... 7904.4.6 Welding warning signs ................................ 4501.4 Wholesale sales uses ............................ 7902.5.10.2 FLAMMABLE GAS....................................... 207 FLAMMABLE ANESTHETIC,definition .................... 207 FLAMMABLE SOLID,definition ........................... 207 FLAMMABLE FINISHES,APPLICATION OF ........... Article 45 Storage............................................. 8003.5 Airport,heliports ..................................... 2401.5 FLASH POINT,definition ................................. 207 Coating operations .................................. 4503.10 FLEXIBLE JOINTS .................................. 7901.11.7 Dipping operations ..................................... 4503 Coating operations . ............................... 4503.10 FLOATS,PARADE ...................................... 1104 Fire-extinguishing equipment......................... 4503.7 FLOOR AREA,definition ................................. 207 Liquid handling ..................................... 4503.4 FLOOR FINISHES AND COVERINGS Liquid storage...................................... 4503. (see INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH) Location........................................... 4503.1 Maintenance ....................................... 4503.7 FOLDING AND TELESCOPING SEATING . ................ 2502 Operations ........................................ 4503.6 FRUIT-RIPENING PROCESSES Article 46 ...................... Sources of ignition .................................. 4503.5 Electrical equipment .................................... 4604 Tanks Heating ............................................... 4605 Construction ..................................... 4503.3 Housekeeping 4607 Covers ........................... 4503.8 P 9 ......................................... Hardening and tempering 4503.9 Illumination.......................................... 4604.2 9 p 9 .......................... Permits ............................................... 4602 Ventilation ......................................... 4503.2 Scope ................................................ 4601 Drying ............................................. 4502.10 Sources ofi ignition 4606 Dual component coating(see ORGANIC g ..................................." PEROXIDES AND DUAL COMPONENT COATINGS) Use of ethylene ........................................ 4603 Electrical wiring and equipment 4501.6 FUEL BREAK,definition ................................. 207 Electrostatic apparatus . ................................ 4504 FUEL OIL Barriers ........................................... 4504.3 Definition 207 .............................................. Construction ......................................4504.1.3 Grade .............................................. 6106.4 Controls ........................................... 4504.2 Burners 6105 ............................................. Drip plates........................................ 4504.4.2 FUELING AND DEFUELING . ........................ Article 24 Emergency shutdown ..............................4504.2.2 Fire protection ..................................... 4504.E Construction of aircraft refuelers and accessories ....... 2402.1 Protection of hoses 2402.5 General 4504.1.1 ���������������������������������......................................... d lifie operators . ...... Guards............................................ 4504.3 Qua .......................... 2402.4 Location..........................................4504.1.2 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL Maintenance ....................................... 4504.4 INSECTICIDAL FOGGING .......................... Article 47 Signs ............................................ 4504.3.2 Breathing apparatus .................................... 4705 Ventilation ......................................... 4504.5 Carbon disulfide ....................................... 4711 Electrostatic fluidized beds ............................ 4505.8 Cleanup .............................................. 4709 Fire extinguishers .................................... 4502.8 Fumigant,definition ..................................... 207 Fire protection ....................................... 4502.8 Hydrogen cyanide...................................... 4711 Fixed electrostatic spraying equipment .................. 4505.7 Notification ............................................ 4704 Maintenance Sealing of building ..................................... 4707 Filters............................................. 4502.3 Sources of ignition ..................................... 4703 General ........................................... 4502.9 Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids ...................221,4710 Operations .......................................... 4502.9 Venting ............................................... 4709 Powder coating ........................................ 4505 Warehouse fumigations ................................. 4704 Construction ....................................... 4505.2 Warning signs ......................................... 4708 Curing equipment .................................. 4505.5 Watch during fumigation ................................ 4706 Drying equipment................................... 4505.5 Electrostatic equipment G Fixed spraying .................................... 4505.7 Fluidized beds .................................... 4505.8 GARAGES,repair .................................. Article 29 Fire protection ..................................... 4505.9 General .............................................. 2901 Fusion equipment .................................. 4505.5 Dispensing inside buildings .. ..................... 2901.4 General ........................................... 4505.2 Flammable and combustible liquids ................... 2901.3 Location...................................4505.2,4505.8.2 Liquids drained from vehicles ........................ 2901.6 Maintenance....................................... 4505.6 Oily waste materials ............................... 2901.7.3 Operations ........................................ 4505.6 Preparation of vehicles for repair ..................... 2903.4 Smoking ......................................... 4505.6.4 Liquid-fueled and LPG-fueled vehicles . ................ 2902 Sources of ignition .................................. 4505.3 Mixed liquids ...................................2902.2.2 Ventilation ......................................... 4505.4 Storage and handling of liquids .................... 2902.2 Smoking ............................................ 4501.4 Natural gas and hydrogen-fueled vehicles .............. 2903 Spot painting ................................. 4502.19 4502.6 Gas detection system . ........................... 2903.3 Spray finishing......................................... 4502 Ventilation ...................................... 2903.2 Ducts ............................................. 4502.5 Design ...................................... 2903.2.2 .................... Electrical wiring and equipment...................... 4502.4.3 Smoking 2901.7.1 Heating equipment . ............................... 4502.4.2 Sources of ignition .................................. 2901.7 Hot surfaces ...................................... 4502.4.2 Tank spill control .................................. 2901.3.2 Limited spraying areas .............................. 4502.6 Ventilation ......................................... 2901.5 Liquid storage,use and handling ..................... 4502.7 Welding .......................................... 2901.7.2 Location........................................... 4502.1 GARAGING tank vehicles............................7904.6.6 Sources of ignition . ................................. 4502.4 ' Spray booths 4502.2 GAS CABINETS ..................... 208,7404.2,8003.3.1.3.2, PY ...................................... Clear space .....................................4502.2.8 8004.2.3.7.2,8004.3.5.2 Construction ..................................... 4502.2 GAS METERS AND PIPING,PROTECTION OF ............ 1106 Definition ........................................... 220 GAS ROOM 208,8003.3.1.3.4,8004.2.3.7.4 Exits ..........................................4502.2.10 Filters ........................................... 4502.3 GASES,COMPRESSED(see also Light fixtures ....................................4502.2.9 COMPRESSED GASES) ........................... Article 74 Separation ...................................... 4502.2.7 Toxic and highly toxic Ventilation ....................................... 4502.5 Storage ........................................... 8003.3 Sprayingarea .......................................... 220 Use............................................ 8004.2.3.7 1-399 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE GAS-FUELED VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT . ...... ....... 2505 Incompatible materials GATES AND BARRIERS. ............ .. .................. 1208 Definition .................. ........................... 210 Drain systems,in . ... .. ...... ..... . .............. 8003.1.3.3 GRANDSTANDS AND BLEACHERS . . ... .... ..... ........ 2502 On carts and trucks ............. .............. .. 8001.12.3.7 GROUNDING(see BONDING AND GROUNDING) Retail or wholesale occupancy,in . ................ 8001.14.3.8 GUEST,definition 208 Separation of ........................... 8001.11.8,8003.1.5 ............................. ......... Inventory statement . ........ ........ .. .............. 8001.3.3 Irritants .. ........................ .................. 8003.15 H Leaking toxic and highly toxic gas cylinders ........... 8003.3.3.3 Limit controls .................. 8001.10.6,8003.3.1.5,8004.1.5 HAZARDOUS FIRE AREAS Material classification . ......... .. 8001.1.2,8002,Appendix VI-A Control of . ........... .. .... ........ .. ........ . Appendix 11-A Material safety data sheets ... ...... ................... 8001.6 Definition " 209 Organic peroxides . .................................. 8003.7 Other health hazards . ........... ... ......... ........ HAZARDOUS MATERIALS . ......................... Article 80 Oxidizers .. ....... ........ ....... . . .... ... ...... .... 8003.E Blasting agents .... ............................. ..... 8003.2 Oxidizing gases................ .... .................. 8003.6 Bulk oxygen systems ........................... ....8004.1.14 Dispensing and use ................................8004.3.7 Carcinogens ....................................... 8003.15 Fittings ......................... .. ....... ....... 8001.4.3.4 Classification by hazard . .................. 8002,Appendix VI-A Oxygen systems,bulk . .......... .... . . .............8004.1.14 Clearance from combustibles . ....... .... ......... ...8003.1.12 Out of service facilities . .......... .. .. .. .............. 8001.13 Construction requirements . ................. .... ..... 8001.10 Permits ............................................. 8001.3 Containers Personnel training.................................. 8001.11.1 Defective ......................................... 8001.4.7 Piping . .......................... .. .. ..... .. .. ..... 8001.4.3 Design and construction of............. .... .... ..... 8001.4.2 Processes . ................. ..... ................... 8001.4 Empty ........... .. .. ........... .. ........... .... 8001.4.6 Protection from vehicles ..... .. .... .... ... .. ........ 8001.11.3 Containment pallets ................ ............... 8003.1.3.4 Pyrophoric gases .................................... 8003.8 Contamination of oxidizers . ......... ............... 8003.6.1.9 Dispensing and use .... .............. ..............8004.3.8 Control areas .............. .............. .. .... ...... 8001.2 Fittings ......................................... 8001.4.3.4 Corrosives ....... ...... ..... .. .... .. ......... .. ... . 8003.14 Pyrophoric materials ........ ......................... 8003.8 Cryogenic fluids . .................. ........... ...... 8003.11 Radioactive materials............ .................... 8003.13 Cylinders Releases ........................ .. .. ............... 8001.5 Defective ....... .... ......... .... ... .. ... ... .. .... 8001.4.7 Retail storage and display . ....... ... ........ 8001.1.5,8001.14 Design and construction of. . ................... .... . 8001.4.2 Secondary containment . ................... 8003.1.3,8004.1.4, Detached storage . ................. .......... ......8003.1.15 8004.2.2.5,8004.2.3.6,8004.3.3 Dispensing ............................................ 8004 Security .......................... ................ 8001.11.2 Drainage control ........ ........ 8003.1.3,8004.1.4,8004.2.2.5, Signs ..... .......... ............. .. ....... 8003.1.2,8004.1.8 8004.2.3.6,8004.3.3 Silane ............................................8004.1.16 Electrical wiring and equipment ...................... 8001.11.4 Smoke detection ................. ..... 8003.3.1.7,8004.2.3.7.7 Emergency alarm ......................... 8003.1.10,8004.4.3 Sources of ignition ................ ................... 8001.9 Emergency power. .................. ..... 8003.3.1.4,8004.1.6 Spill control . ................... 8003.1.3,8004.1.4,8004.2.2.5, Emergency shutoff for flammable,oxidizing 8004.2.3.6,8004.3.3 and pyrophoric gases . ............................8004.1.12 Standby power .................. .......... 8003.1.8,8004.1.6 Equipment .......................................... 8001.4 Static accumulation . .............. ................. 8001.11.5 Exempt amounts Storage ............... .. ............................ 8003.1 Dispensing,use and handling .......... ......... .... 8001.15 Storage cabinets . ..... ............. ........ ........8001.10.6 Retail or wholesale sales occupancy,in .......... ..... 8001.14 Supervision .............................. 8003.1.11,8004.1.7 Special limitations in storage Systems ......... ................ ......... .......... 8001.4 Group A occupancies. . .......... .. ............ 8001.15.2.2 Tanks Group B occupancies .. .... ...... .............. 8001.15.2.3 Defective .................. ... .. ..................8001.4.7 Group E occupancies . ........................ . 8001.15.2.4 Design and construction of. .........................8001.4.2 Group F occupancies . ......................... 8001.15.2.3 Empty ......................... .. ................ 8001.4.6 Group I occupancies . ........... .......... .... 8001.15.2.5 Installation of ................ .... ........ ......... 8001.4.5 Group M occupancies . .... .................... 8001.15.2.3 Out of service . ........... ......................... 8001.4.7 Group R occupancies . ........................ 8001.15.2.6 Toxic Group S occupancies. ........................ . 8001.15.2.3 Compressed gases Group U occupancies ........... .......... .... 8001.15.2.7 Storage of ............ ...... ............ ......... 8003.3 Storage,for Dispensing and use of . .......... ...... 8004.2.3.7,8004.3.5 Indoor ......... ... 8001.15,Tables 8001.15-A and 8001.15-B Liquids and solids . ................................ 8003.12 Outdoor .......... 8001.15,Tables 8001.15-C and 8001.15-D Transfer, liquid ............................. ........8004.1.15 Exhausted enclosures for toxic and Transportation .................... .. .... . .. ......... 8001.12 highly toxic gases .......... ... .. .. 8003.3.1.3.3,8004.2.3.7.3 Treatment systems for toxic and highly Explosion control . ............. 8003.1.7,8004.2.2.4,8004.2.3.5 toxic gases ............. 8003.3.1.3.5,8004.2.3.7.5,8004.3.5.4 Explosives .......................................... 8003.2 Tubing............................................. 8001.4.3 Facility closure plan ................ .......... .. ..... 8001.13 Unauthorized discharges . ........ .. . .................8001.5.2 Fire-extinguishing systems Unstable(reactive)materials ..... .. . ... ............... 8003.9 Dispensing or use areas, in . ............8004.1.10,8004.2.2.3, Use ............................. .. ................... 8004 8004.2.3.4, Valves ........................... .. ....... ......... 8001.4.3 Storage areas,in .................................. 8003.1.6 Ventilation Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases ... ..... ... 8003.3.1.2 Dispensing or use areas,in . .. 8004.1.11,8004.2.2.2,8004.2.3.3 Fittings ... ........................................ . 8001.4.3 Storage areas,in .................................. 8003.1.4 Flammable and combustible liquids ..................... 8003.4 Toxic and highly toxic gases . ......... 8003.3.1.3,8004.2.3.7.1 Flammable gases .................................... 8003.5 Water-reactive solids and liquids . .... ................. 8003.10 Container position for ................... ..........8004.1.13 Weather protection ................ . ... .............8003.1.14 Dispensing and use .......................... ..... 8004.3.6 Wholesale storage and display...... .................. 8001.14 Fittings ......................................... 8001.4.3.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY Flammable solids .................. .................. 8003.5 STATEMENT . ............. ........ .... 8001.3.3,Appendix II-E Floors,noncombustible ............. ....... 8003.1.13,8004.1.3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT Gas cabinets for toxic and highly toxic compressed gases ...... 8003.3.1.3.2,8004.2.3.7.2,8004.3.5.2 PLAN .•.•..•••.•.••.•..•.•.••••.•.•• 8001.3.2,Appendix II-E Gas detection ..............8003.3.1.6,8004.2.3.7.6,8004.3.5.5 HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIALS(HPM) Handling . ................ .................... . 8001.12,8004 Definition 209 . .......... .................. ....... .......... Highly toxic Handling Compressed gases Corridor ...... ............... .. . .. .. ..... ......... 5103.3.2 Storage of . ................................ ...... 8003.3 Service corridor . .......... ....... ........ ......... 5103.3.3 Dispensing and use of ................. 8004.2.3.7,8004.3.5 Quantity limits . .... ........ ............ ............. 5102.2.2 Liquids and solids . . .... .......... .......... .. ..... 8003.12 Storage .. ........................ ..................... 5102 1-400 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE HEAT REMOVAL ..................................... 8102.7 In storage ....................................... 7902.1.6 HEATING EQUIPMENT Hazardous materials Appliance ............................................. 1107 In carts and trucks ............................ 8001.12.3.7 Heating and cooking appliance,definition .................. 209 In drain systems ...a occupancies c s .............. 001.1 .3.8 Motorvehicle fuel-dispensing stations . ................. 5202.7 In retail and wholesale occupancies ............. .8,80 3.1.5 In storage ............................. 8001.11.8,8003.1.5 Portable airs p oil-burning . ........................... 6106 3217 INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING OVENS see OVENS Tents and air-supported structures ....................... 3217 ( ) HEAT-PRODUCING APPLIANCES ........................ 1107 INDUSTRIAL PLANTS(see FLAMMABLE HELIPORTS AND HELISTOPS . .......................... 2405 AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS) Class I and Class II liquid spillage ...................... 2403.3 INFLATION.......................................... 7403.1.9 Federal approval ................................... 2403.5 INSPECTION Fire protection ..................................... 2405.7 Alterations .......................................... 103.3.2 Means of egress ................................... 2403.4 Firework displays ................................... 7802.4.7 HIGHLY TOXIC General ............................................ 103.3.1 Compressed gases .................................. 8003.3 Investigations ........................................ 104.2 Liquids and solids ................................... 8003.12 New construction .................................... 103.3.2 HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE "'•..••'••..' Article 81 Requests ......................................... 103.3.2.2 Required ...... 105.4 ...................................... Access ......................................... . 8102.E INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Aisles ...................................... 8101.6,8102.10 Commodity classification .............................. 8101.4 Cryogenic containers Curtain boards....................................... 8102.8 Aboveground containers............................. 7503.1 Extra-high rack storage ....... .'..............•...... 8104.5 Belowground containers ............................. 7503.4 Fire-protection systems and equipment ......... 1001.5,1001.10 Fire detection ing systems .ems .................::......... 8102.4 Installation of liquefied petrolem as installations .......... 8203 Fire-extinguishing systems ................ Hose connections .................................... 8102.9 LP-gas equipment ..................................... 8203 Nozzles ............................................ 8102.9 Mechanical refrigeration ................................ 6305 Permits ............................................. 8101.3 Motion picture projection equipment ...................... 8404 Scope .............................................. 8101.1 INTERFERENCE WITH FIRE DEPARTMENT............. 104.1.2 Smoke venting ............................ 8102.7,Table 81-A INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH ....................... Appendix IV-A Smoke-removal systems .............................. 8102.7 104.2 HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS,EXISTING ................ Appendix I-B INVESTIGATION .......................................HOT WORK ........................................ Article 49 IRRITANTS...................................... 210,8003.15 3.15 Arc-welding equipment 4901.8 Cylinders ........................................... 4901.7 J Fire protection ....................................... 4901.9 JUNK YARD(see also AUTOMOBILE Fire watch .......................................... 4901.4 WRECKING YARDS and WASTE Fixed hot-work areasreas ................................... MATERIAL HANDLING) Article 34 Hot-work area ....................................... 4901.5 01.5 ............................ Identification signs .................................. 4901.10 JURISDICTION,definition ................................ 211 Pre-hot-work check .................................. 4901.6 HOTEL,definition ....................................... 209 K HOUSEKEEPING KEY BOXES Flammable and combustible liquids .................... 7901.7.2 902.4 HYDRANT(see FIRE HYDRANT) L I LABELS ................................. 7901.9.4,7902.1.3.2 IGNITION,CONTROL OF SOURCES OF 1109 LEAKING •.....•••..•.. Flammable and combustible liquid containers ........... 7901.7.3 Cellulose nitrate plastics .................................. 2707 Bulk plants and terminals ............................ .7 LIABILITY...................... 101.5,Appendix II-A, Section 24 27 Dipping operations ................................... 4503.5 LIFE-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Explosives . ............................. 7702.1.14,7703.1.5, Existing buildings Appendix I-A 7703.2.8,7703.5.5 Existing high-rise buildings Appendix I-B Flammable liquid storage "'•"""""""""""" 7902.1.4 LIGHTNING,PROTECTION Flammable vapors .................................. 7901.10 Fruit-ripening processes ................................ 4606 Organic coating manufacturing........................... 5012 Fumigation ............................................ 4703 LIMIT CONTROLS .............. 8001.10.6,8003.3.1.5,8004.1.5 Garages ............................................ 2901.7 LIMITED SPRAYING AREAS ........................... 4502.6 Hazardous materials LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS MOTOR Storage ............................................. 8003 VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS ................ 5203 Use,dispensing and mixing fixing ............................ 8004 LP-gas ............................................... 8208 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES .................... Article 82 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations .................. 5201.7 Clearance of combustibles ......... 8209 Organic peroxide manufacturing •••••••••••• 5014.2 Container location ................. 8204.3 ................... Organic peroxides and dual component coatings ......... 4506.6 Containers not in service ................................ 8213 Powder coating ...................................... 4505.2 Definition .............................................. 213 ............................. Spray finishing....................................... 4502.4 Dispensing ............................................ 8206 Use,dispensing and mixing rooms .................... 7903.2.3 Fire protection ......................................... 8211 ILLUMINATION,EXIT ................................... 1211 Installation of equipment ................................ 8203 INCINERATORS ............... 1102.2,Appendix II-A,Section 14 Location of containers .................................. 8204 Construction 1102 2 2 Location of equipment ................................ 0 . Definition .............................................. 210 Maximum capacity limits .............................. 8204.Multiple container installations ......................... 8204.4 Discontinuance ..................................... 1102.2.5 Location ....... Nonapproved equipment .............................. 8205.1 .................................. . 1102.2.3 Overfilling8206 ............................................. Maintenance ....................................... 1102.2.4 Parking and garaging ................................... 8214 INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS Permits ............................................... 8202 Definition .............................................. 210 Plans................................................. 8202 Separation from Prohibited use ......................................... 8205 Flammable and combustible liquids Release ............................................ 8205.2 In drainage systems ............................... 7901.8 Safety devices . ........................................ 8207 1-401 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Smoking ....................... ......... ............ .. 8208 METRIC CONVERSION TABLE .................. Appendix VI-J Sources of ignition . .................................... 8208 MODEL CITATION PROGRAM . ................ .. Appendix VI-E Storage of portable containers awaiting resale . .......... 8212 Use in buildings............ .......................... 8203.2 MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION . ............ ....... Article 84 Vehicle protection . ..................................... 8210 Film storage and use .......................... ......... 8405 LIQUID OXYGEN Projection equipment ........................ ........... 8404 Cryogenic fluids . .. ...... .......................... Article 75 Projection rooms . ...................................... 8402 Hot work ................. ......................... Article 49 Scope ............ .......................... .......... 8401 03 LIQUID-FUELED VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT ............ 2505 Smoking .VEHICLE FUEL DISP .......STATIONS . S .......Article le 52 MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS . ..... Article 52 LOADING AND UNLOADING(see also Aircraft NO TAG .... ........................................ FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS) CNG ..................................... ............ 5204 LODGING HOUSE,definition . ....... .................... . 213 Construction projects .................... ............ 7904.2.8 LP-GAS see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES Dispensing . cation................. .. .... ..... 520. .. 5202.4 ( ) Dispensing location ....... .................. ......... 5201.4 LUMBER STORAGE(see also WOOD PRODUCTS) . ... Article 30 Electrical equipment ..... ... . .. ............ .. ......... 5202.6 Exterior............................................... 3003 Farms ........... ....................... ........... 7904.2.8 Fire protection . ............................... ....... 5201.9 Flammable and combustible liquids ....................... 5202 MGeneral ........................... ....... ............ 5201 MAGAZINES 7702.3 Heating equipment . ........... .. .... ..... ............ 5202.7 ............. ........... ................ In buildings.............. .............. .. ... ...... . 5202.10 Classification .......................................7702.3.2 Inventory control . .................. ................ 5202.3.11 Cleaning ..........................................7702.1.10 LP-gas .... ............... ....... ..................... 5203 Definition .............................................. 214 Marine ................................. ........... 5202.11 Floors .............................. ..............7702.1.12 Nozzles 5202.4.4.2 ....... .................................. Inspection ......................... ..... ........ 7702.1.2 Pressure delivery . ... .. . 5202.5 Location ............................ 7702.1.17,Appendix VI-H Protected aboveground tanks ........... ............. Appendix Maintenance .............. .. ......................7702.1.13 Special enclosures ............ .. .... ................ 5202.3.6 Manner of storage .................................. 7702.1.6 Storage of fuel . .......................... ... 5202.3,Appendix Required .......................................... 7702.1.1 Supervision . 5201.6 Vapor recovery . .. ....... 5202.13 Retail sales, use . .................................... 7702.2 ..................................... Rotating stock .............. ........................ 7702.1.5 Rules posted ....................................... 7702.1.4 N Security ................. .......................... 7702.1.3 Sources of ignition ..................... ............7702.1.14 NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STANDARDS Storage..................... ................... .... 7702.1.9 OF GOOD PRACTICE(see also Types ............................................. 7702.3.2 RECOGNIZED STANDARDS) ............. 101.3,Appendix V-A Yard maintenance..................................7702.1.15 MAGNESIUM ................. ...................... Article 48 NONCOMBUSTIBLE,definition ............... ............ 215 Definition 214 NONFLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS(see also Fine magnesium scrap 4810 COMPRESSED GASES MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS) ....... 215 ................................ Fire-extinguishing materials . ............................ 4808 Heat-treating ovens .................................... 4806 O Magnesium processing operations ....................... 4807 Melting pots ......................... .................. 4804 OCCUPANCY,definition.......................... ........ 216 Storage of articles................................ 4805,4809 OCCUPANCY SEPARATIONS,MAINTENANCE OF........ 1111.1 Storage of pigs,ingots and billets ........................ 4803 MALLS(see COVERED MALL BUILDINGS) OCCUPANT LOAD CONTROL Assembly,places of ................................. 2501.16 MARINAS . .......................... ........... Appendixll-C Tent ............................. .. 3215 ................... Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ........... 5202.11 OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT ......................... Article 61 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS ............. 8001.6,8801.4 Definition .............................................. 216 MATERIALS Electrical wiring and equipment . ......................... 6104 Combustible....................... .................... 1103 Fuel oil . ...................... .... .................... 6105 Decorative General .................................... .......... 6102 Assembly,places of................. ................ 2501.5 Portable unvented oil-burning heating appliances ........... 6106 Atria ............................................. 1103.3.4 Scope ................................................ 6101 Definition ............................................. 205 OMISSION OF SPRINKLERS . ......................... 1003.4 Use.................... .......................... 1103.3.3 OPEN BURNING(see also RECREATIONAL FIRES) . 1102.3,Ap- Flammable,definition .................................... 207 pendix II-A,Section 13 Hazardous(general) ............................... Article 80 Atmospheric restrictions . ............................ ................. 1102.3.4 Pyroxylin coated . .................................... 2501.6 Attendance......................................... 1102.3.7 Soundproofing ......................................7904.3.7 Discontinuance .............................. ....... 1102.3.8 MEANS OF EGRESS ................................ Article 12 Fire-extinguishing equipment ................. ........ 1102.3.6 Corridors ............................................. 1209 General ......................... .. ................ 1102.3.1 Discharge ................ ............................. 1213 Location ................................ .... ....... 1102.3.5 Dispersal area . ............. .............. 205, 1213,2502.6.5 Material restrictions ................. ................ 1102.3.3 Doors . ........................................ 1207,2501.8 Notification ......................................... 1102.3.2 Exit ways ............................ 2501.11,2501.14, 3212 Time restrictions . .................. ........ ......... 1102.3.4 Horizontal exit ............. ............................. 209 OPEN FLAMES Means of egress,definition . .............................. 214 Assembly occupancies .................. ............ 2501.17 Obstructions ............................. 1203,3212,3504.1 Fueled devices . 1109.3 . ......................... ........... Occupant load control Hazardous fire areas ................ . Appendix II-A,Section 12 Places of assembly . ............................... 2501.16 LP-gas containers. ..................................... 8208 ............................ Tents .................. ............................. 3215 Ripening rooms ............................. ........... 4606 Ramps ............................................... 1210 ORDERS AND NOTICES ...................... ....... Article 1 Signs and illumination ............... 1211,1212,2501.15,3213 y Stairwa s 1210 Compliance ......................................... 103.4.3 Tents ................................. 3211,3212,3213,3214 Service of . .......................................... 103.4.2 MECHANICAL CODE,definition .......................... 214 ORGANIC COATINGS,MANUFACTURE OF . .... ...... Article 50 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION ..................... Article 63 Definition .... . ....... .... ..... .. .................... 216 Drainage facilities es . ........ .... ......................... 5006 MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS ............... ................ 7404 Electrical equipment .................................... 5011 1-402 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Finished product storage ................................ 5005 PLACARD Fire alarm system ...................................... 5013 Flammable and combustible liquids ................ 7902.1.3.2 Fire protection ......................................... 5013 PLACES OF ASSEMBLY ............................ Article 25 Lightning protection .................................... 5012 Aisles Maintenance .......................................... 5014 Bleachers 2502.4.4 . 02. Process buildings ...................................... 5004 General .......................................... Process mills,mixers and kettles ......................... 5007 Grandstands ....................................... 2501..9 Process piping......................................... 5008 Raw materials Reviewing stands ................................. 2502.4.4 Process areas 5010 Ashtrays ........................................... 2501.12 ................................. Bleachers ............................................. 2502 Storage ............................................. 5005 Scope ................. 5001 Candles 2501.17 ........................................... Static electricity protection............................... 5012 Communication ..................................... 2501.4.2 Transfer of flammable and combustible liquids ............. 5009 Decorative materials ................................. 2501.5 ORGANIC PEROXIDES 8003.7 Dispersal areas,safe . .......................... 205,2502.6.5 .............................. Exit doors ........................................... 2501.8 ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND DUAL Exit ways .......................................... 2501.11 COMPONENT COATINGS .............................. 4506 Fire appliances ..................................... 2501.13 General ............................................ 4506.1 Folding seating ........................................ 2502 Handling ............................................ 4506.4 Footboards......................................... 2502.4.9 Mixing .............................................. 4506.5 Grandstands .......................................... 2502 Personnel qualifications............................... 4506.7 Liquid-and gas-fueled vehicles and equipment............. 2505 Sources of ignition 4506.6 Marking and lighting of exits .......................... 2501.15 g picture icture screens................................ 2501.7 Storage............................................. 4506.3 Use of organic peroxide coatings ....................... 4506.2 Open flame . ....................................... 2501.17 OTHER HEALTH HAZARDS Outdoor carnivals and fairs .............................. 2504 Definition 216 Overcrowding . .............................. 2501.16.3,3215 .. ................ ... ...... Plan................. 2501.3,2501.14 Storage of ......................................... 8003.15 Pyroxylin-coated fabrics .............................. 2501.E Use of ................................................ 8004 Review stands........................................ 2502 OUTDOOR AREA ........................... 7901.2.2,8001.2.2 Seating OUTDOOR CARNIVALS AND FAIRS...................... 2504 General ..................................... 2501.10,2502 OVENS Securing ............................................ 2503 Special conditions ................................. 2501.10 Construction .......................................... 6203 Securing of chairs .............................. 2501.10,2503 Industrial baking and drying ......................... Article 62 Standby personnel .................................. 2501.18 Location .............................................. 6203 Telescoping seating .................................... 2502 Magnesium heat treating ................................ 4806 PLANS Permits and plans ...................................... 6202 Emergency 1303 Safety controls 6205 9 Y system ..................••.••.••••• ........................................ Fire alarm system .................................... 1001.3 Scope ................................................ 6201 Fire apparatus access ....... ........ 901.2.2.1 Ventilation ...................... 6204 .............. ••�•����••��••�•�••��� Fire hydrant s stem 901.2.2.2 OVERHEAD COVER(see also Flammable and combustible liquids .................... 7901.3.2 WEATHER PROTECTION) . ......................... 7401.15 Hazardous materials management ....... 8001.3.2,Appendix II-E OXIDIZERS .......................................... 8003.6 Hazardous materials storage ......................... 8001.3.2 S,BULK High-piled combustible storage ........................ 8101.3 OXYGEN SYSTEM Industrial baking and drying ovens ....................... 6202 Consumer sites . BULK . ...........................8004.1.14 LP-gases ............................................. 8202 Definition ......................................... 203 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations 5201.3.2 ............. OZONE GAS-GENERATING EQUIPMENT .......... Appendix II-1 Places of assembly ................................. 2501.14 Refrigeration system ................................... 6304 Semiconductor fabrication facility...................... 5101.9.1 P Tire storage ......................................... 1101.3 PAINT REMOVAL ..................................... 1109.3 PLASTICS PANIC HARDWARE Cellulose nitrate ................................... Article 27 Definition 217 Pyroxylin-coated fabric ............................... 2501.6 Storage.................. ........ Article 81 General ........................................... 1207.4 ................ PARADE FLOATS "•"'•""•""........•""' 1104 PLUMBING CODE,definition ............................. 217 PORTABLE TANKS PARKING,tank vehicles .............................7904.6.5 Flammable and combustible liquids.................. 7902.1.8.2 PERMITS ............................................... 105 POWDER COATING .................................... 4505 PERSON,definition...................................... 217 Curing equipment .................................... 4505.5 PIPE JOINTS Drying equipment .................................... 4505.5 F liquids................... 7901.11.7 Electrostatic fluidized beds . ........................... 4505.8 Flammable and combustible li q Fire protection ............. ... .............. 4505.9 PIPING,PROCESS AND ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT Fixed electrostatic spraying equipment .................. 4505.7 (see also PIPING,VALVES AND FITTINGS) Fusion equipment .................................... 4505.5 Organic coating manufacturing........................... 5008 Operation and maintenance ........................... 4505.6 PIPING,VALVES AND FITTINGS Powder coating rooms and booths ..................... 4505.2 Flammable and combustible liquids.................... 7901.11 Sources of ignition ................................... 4505.3 Bends 7901.11.9 Ventilation .......................................... 4505.4 Connections ..................................... 7901.11.4 POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS .......... 217, 1108,7901.12 Corrosion protection .............................. 7901.11.3 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE ...................... Article 11 Design .......................................... 7901.11.1 PREMISES IDENTIFICATION 901.4.4 Flexible joints 7901.11.7 "" """"""""" Galvanic action .................................. 7901.11.3 PRIVATE STAIRWAY,definition ........................... 217 Low melt point materials ......................... 7901.11.1.2 PROTECTION FROM VEHICLES Materials ........................................ 7901.11.1 Hazardous materials 8001.11.3 Pipe joints ....................................... 7901.11.8 Piping,valves and fittings for flammable Protection from vehicles ........................... 7901.11.2 and combustible liquids 7901.11.2 Supports ........................................ 7901.11.6 Tanks for flammable and combustible liquids ............7902.3.6 Testing .........................................7901.11.10 Valves ..........................................7901.11.5 PUBLIC CONVEYANCE,definition ........................ 217 Wharves ....................................... 7904.4.6.5 PUBLIC NUISANCE,definition ............................ 217 1-403 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE PUBLIC WAY,definition .................................. 217 ROADWAYS,ACCESS FOR FIRE APPARATUS PYROPHORIC MATERIALS . ........................... 8003.8 (see also ACCESS,FIRE DEPARTMENT) ............. Article 9 PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL Combustible fiber storage ............................... 2804 Hazardous production material storage ................ 5101.8.4 Classification ........................................ 7803.2 Liquid storage ..................................... 7902.5.11 Construction of magazines . ............. .............. 7803.3 Spraying ............................................... 220 General .... ....... ......... ............... ......... 7803.1 Use,dispensing and mixing .......................... 7903.2.3 Housekeeping ....................................... 7803.6 RUBBISH HANDLING OPERATIONS .................. 1103.2.3 Open flames ...................... ..... ....... ...... 7803.5 Operators ................... ........................ 7803.7 RULES ............................................... 101.4 Smoking ............................................ 7803.5 Standby personnel ................................... 7803.9 S Storage................................ ............. 7803.4 Use ................................................ 7803.8 SAFETY CAN PYROXYLIN Definition ....................... ....................... 220 Cellulose nitrate plastics ............................ Article 27 Spray finishing...................................... 4502.7.3 Fabrics ............................................. 2501.6 SAFETY DEVICES,liquefied petroleum gases ............ 8207 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS . ........................... Article 11 R SEAT SPACING 2502 ........................................ RACK STORAGE . ...................................... 8104 SEATING,FOLDING AND TELESCOPING ................. 2502 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS .......................... 8003.13 SECONDARY CONTAINMENT RAMPS .............. .................. 1210.6 Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 7901.8 RECOGNIZED STANDARDS see also Container and portable tank storage outside buildings .. 7902.3.4 ( Liquid storage rooms. ........................... 7902.5.11.3 NATIONAL RECOGNIZED STANDARDS Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 OF GOOD PRACTICE) ................... 101.3,Appendix V-A Hazardous materials 8003-1.3.3,8004.1.4 ..................... RECORDS ..................................... 103.3.4,104.3 SECURING OF CHAIRS ......................... 2501.10,2503 RECREATIONAL FIRES ............................... 1102.4 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES ........ Article 51 REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE Alarm and detection systems ......................... 5101.10 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE ................... Appendix VI-G Automatic fire sprinkler system . ....................5101.10.1 REFINERIES ""..........."'..."'. "'.."""'"' 7904.7 Continuous gas-detection systems ..................5101.10.4 Emergency alarm system . .........................5101.10.3 Asphalt products and residua . ........................7904.7.4 Manual fire alarm system ...........................5101.10.2 Cleaning of tanks . .................................. 7904.7.3 Application ......................................... 5101.1.2 Corrosion protection . ................................7904.7.2 Construction requirements ............................ 5101.8 Definition .............................................. 219 Emergency control station ............................. 5101.6 General ........................................... 7904.7.1 Exhaust ventilation systems for HPM . ................. 5101.12 Inspection,repair,alteration or reconstruction Fabrication areas . ....... 5103.2 ............................ of tanks and piping ............................... 7902.1.11 Fire-extinguishing systems ........................... 5101.11 REFRIGERANT GROUPS AND PROPERTIES ..... Appendix VI-J Exhaust ducts for HPM . ........................... 5101.11.5 REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS ......................... Article 63 Gas cabinets and exhaust enclosures ............... 5101.11.3 Pass-throughs in existing exit corridors .............. 5101.11.4 Access ............................................... 6306 Workstations..................................... 5101.11.2 Classification .......................................... 6302 General safety precautions . ........................... 5101.9 Installation ............................................ 6305 Material classification ................................. 5101.2 Maintenance .......................................... 6305 Storage............................................... 5102 Refrigerant classification ................................ 6302 Transportation and handling ........................... 5103.3 Signs............................................... 6307.4 Use and handling5103 Treatment and flaring systems ........................... 6308 REMOTE PUMPING SYSTEM,definition . .................. 219 SENSITIZERS Definition .............................................. 220 REPAIR,definition ....................................... 219 Storage of ......................................... 8003.15 REPAIR GARAGES ................................. Article 29 Use of ................................................ 8004 REPORTING SERVICE STATIONS(see MOTOR VEHICLE Discharges of refrigerants ............................... 6321 FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS) Emergencies .......................................... 1302 SHAFTWAY MARKING ................................ 902.3.3 False alarms .......................................... 1302 SI AND ENGLISH SYSTEM Spills CONVERSION FACTORS ...................... Appendix VI-F Flammable and combustible liquids ...... ............. 7901.7 SIGNS Hazardous materials ................................ 8001.5 Unauthorized discharges........................... 8001.5.2.2 Airports ............................................. 2401.9 RESPONSIBILITY(see AUTHORITY) Assembly occupant loads ............................ 2501.16 Compressed gases . ................................7401.5.3 RETAIL AND WHOLESALE SALES Cryogenics.......................................... 7501.8 Aerosol products . ...................................... 8802 Destruction of ..................................... 103.4.3.3 Combustible liquids .............................. 7902.5.10.2 Electrostatic apparatus .............................. 4504.3.2 Explosives .......................................... 7702.2 Exit doors ............................................. 1212 Flammable liquids. ............................... 7902.5.10.2 Explosives .......................................... 7701.6 Hazardous materials ....................... 8001.1.5,8001.14 Fire doors .......................................... 1111.2.3 LP-gas ............................................... 8212 Flammable and combustible liquids ..................... 7901.9 REVIEWING STANDS,GRANDSTANDS, Fumigation and insecticidal fogging . ...................... 4708 BLEACHERS AND FOLDING AND Hazardous materials ................................. 8001.7 TELESCOPING SEATING . ............................. 2502 Heliports and helistops ............................... 2401.9 Design 2502.3 Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations . .......... 5202.11 g ..................... ...... Mechanical refrigeration .............................. 6307.4 General requirements ................................ 2502.4 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ..........5201.8,5201.6.3 Height .............................................. 2502.2 Tents ................................................. 3214 Securing of chairs ...................................... 2503 Wells .............................................. 7904.3.8 Structural ........................................... 2502.3 REVOCATION OF PERMITS 105.7 SILANE .............................. 8004,UFC Standard 80-1 ............................ RIFLE RANGES Appendix II-D SITE ASSESSMENTS,UNDERGROUND '''''''''.''. ''.''..'.'''''... FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID RIGHT OF ENTRY ............ ...................... 103.3.1.2 TANK LEAKS ................................. Appendix II-H 1-404 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION,definition ................... 220 STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS .............. Appendix V-A SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS ..................... 1006.2.12.8 STANDARDS,UNIFORM FIRE CODE ................. Article 90 SMOKE DETECTORS ......... Article 10,Appendix I-A,Section 6 STANDBY PERSONNEL.............................. 2501.18 SMOKE REMOVAL ........•.••...........• 810P•7 STANDBY POWER ......................... 8003.1.8,8004.1.6 "" " STANDPIPES SMOKING............................................ 1109.4 Classified .............................................. 220 Airports ............................................. 2401.9 Definitions ............................................. 220 Bulk plants or terminals ............................. 7904.4.7, During construction ................................. 8704.4.3 Definition .............................................. 220 General ........................................... 1004.1.1 Dry-cleaning plants................................... 3601.7 Locations ........................................... 1004.2 Dust-producing areas................................... 7607 Maintenance ........................................ 1001.5 Explosives Testing ................................ 1001.4,Appendix III-C Blasting agents ...................................7703.5.5 STILLS Handling7703.1.4 """""'""""" """""' 3603.10 ......................................... Storage .........................................7702.1.14 STORAGE Transportation ....................................7703.2.8 Aerosol products ................................... Article 88 Use.............................................. 7703.1.4 Agricultural products ............... .............. ...... 2806 Farms and construction sites 7904.2.2 American Table of Distances for Explosives........Appendix VI-H Flammable or combustible liquids .. 7901.10,7902.1.3.1,7902.1.4 Baled ................................................ 2805 Hazardous fire areas .................. Appendix II-A,Section 6 Cabinets ................................. 7902.5.9,8001.10.6 Heliports and helistops .......... ............. 2401.9 Cellulose nitrate motion picture film ....................... 3304 High-piled combustible storage 8101.6.2.2 Cellulose nitrate plastics ................................ 2705 9 ................'•'" Combustible fibers LP-gas .... 8208 ..................................... 2804 ........................................... Marine motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations ........ 5202.11.5.5 Combustible materials ............. 1103.3,NO TAG,3406,6322 Organic coating manufacturing......................... 5014.2 Cryogenic fluids ........................ ......... .... 7503 Organic peroxides and dual component coating .......... 4506.6 Cylinders and pressure vessels ............7401.4,7401.7,7402 Projection rooms...................................... 8403 Explosives ............................... 7702,Appendix II-E Pyrotechnic special effects material 7803.5 Extrahigh-rack systems ............................... 8104.5 Ripening rooms ...................................... 4606.2 Film .................................................. 3304 special effects material 7803.5 Fireworks ........................................... 7803.4 P Flammable finishes ............ .. ............ 4502.7 Spray-finishing areas ..e ..rs on t.. vehicles . s.......... 04. .3 Flammable or combustible liquids .NO TAG,3218,4502.7,4503.4, While driving or making repairs on tank vehicles.........7904.6.3 q 5005,5202.3,6106.4,7902 SOURCES OF IGNITION(see IGNITION, Gunpowder CONTROL OF SOURCES OF "••••••"..................•••••.Article 80 ) Hazardous materials ............................... Article 80 SPARK ARRESTERS ........... 1109.7,Appendix II-A,Section 7 Hazardous production materials...................... Article 51 Incinerators ........................................ 1102.2.2 High-piled combustible.............................. Article 81 SPECIAL ENCLOSURES 5202.3.E Liquid storage room ................................ 7902.5.11 ............................ Liquid warehouse ...................... ............ 2.5.12 SPILL CONTROL Lumber ............................................... 3003 Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 7901.8 Magazines .......................................... 7702.3 Container and portable tank storage outside of buildings 7902.3.4 Magnesium . ........................ 4803,4805,4809,4810.2 Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.3 Organic coating ........................................ 5005 Liquid storage warehouses ...................... 7902.5.12.3 Organic peroxides coatings............................ 4506.3 On farms and construction sites ..................... 7904.2.6 Portable tank ................................. 7902.3,7902.5 Outside dispensing operations ....................... 7903.3 Rack ................................................. 8104 Underground storage tanks ....................... 7902.6.5.2 Readily combustible materials ........................ 1103.3.2 Using,dispensing and mixing in closed Shelf ................................................. 8103 systems inside buildings ...................... 7903.2.3.5.4 Solid-piled ............................................ 8103 Using,dispensing and mixing in open Stationary tanks,aboveground outside of buildings ....... 7902.2 systems inside buildings ...................... 7903.2.3.4.4 ara.ind2"> Hazardous materials Connections...................................... 7902.2.7.4 General ....................................... 8001.12.3.5 Construction .................................... 7902.1.8.2 Storage ........................................ 8003.1.3.2 Design ......................................... 7902.1.8.2 Use..............................................8004.1.4 Seismic........................................7902.1.12 SPRAY BOOTHS 4502.2,4502.3 Diking............................................7902.2.8 Drainage control................................... 7902.2.8 SPRAY FINISHING ...................................... 4502 Empty .................................. 7902.3.9,7902.5.3 Definitions ... 220 Fire protection Drying apparatus.................................... 4502.10 9 rY 9 PP Portable tanks inside buildings ................... 7902.5.1.2 ................................... Fire-protection equipment ............................. 4502.8 Stationary aboveground tanks .....................7902.2.4 Limited spraying areas................................ 4502.6 Fittings......................................... 7902.2.7.4 Location of spray-finishing operations ................... 4502.1 Foundations .....................................7902.1.16 Operations and maintenance .......................... 4502.9 Installation requirements . ........................ 7902.1.8.2 Sources of ignition ................................... 4502.4 Linings ....................................... 7902.1.8.2.9 Spot painting ........................................ 4502.1 Locations................................ 7902.2.2,7902.3.3 Spray booths ........................................ 4502.2 Locations subject to flooding ................... Appendix II-B Spray booths using dry filters .......................... 4502.3 Openings other than vents .........................7902.1.15 Spray rooms .......................................... 4502 Piping.......................................... 7902.2.7.4 Definition ............................................. 220 Portable Storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids . 4502.7 Inside buildings ................................... 7902.5 Touch-up painting .................................... 4502.1 Outside of buildings ............................... 7902.3 Ventilation .......................................... 4502.5 Removal ....................................... 7902.1.7.4 SPRAYING AREA....................................... 4502 Stationary aboveground Inside buildings ................................... 7902.4 Definition .............................................. 220 Outside of buildings 7902.2 SPRINKLER SYSTEM(see also AUTOMATIC Valves ......................................... 7902.2.7.4 FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS) Vents Alarms ............................................... 1006 Emergency............................ 7902.1.14,7902.2.6 ESFR .......................................... 8802,8803 Normal ........................................7902.1.13 In-rack ............................................8803.2.3 Underground ...................................... 7902.6 Omissions .......................................... 1003.4 Contents........................................7902.6.2 STAIRWAY IDENTIFICATION............... 1210.4,Appendix I C Corrosion protection.............................7902.6.15 Depth and cover .......................... 7902.6.4 STAIRWAYS............................................ 1210 Leak detection ..................................7902.6.12 1-405 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Leaking ......................................... 7902.6.8 Aboveground .........__..................... 8001.4.5.2 Lining ._................................ ....7902.6.10 Underground .... .............................. 8001.4.5.1 Location ........................................ 7902.6.3 Liquid-level limit controls . ............... 8001.4.8,8004.1.5.2 Overfill protection . .......... .....................7902.6.5 Maintenance ......................................8001.4.7 Secondary containment . ......................... 7902.6.11 Pressure control .......................8003.1.9.3,8004.1.5.4 Testing ........................... .............7902.6.16 Signs ............................................ 8003.1.2 Hardening and tempering ......... ................... 4503.9 Toxic and highly toxic compressed gas .......... 8003.3.1.3.5.5 Hazardous materials . .................. ............. 8001.4.5 TEMPORARY WIRING . ................................ . 8503 Clearance from combustible .......................8003.1.12 Empty ........................................... 8001.4.6 TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES,TENTS Installation AND CANOPIES . ........................... ...... Article 32 Aboveground .................................. 8001.4.5.2 Access location and parking . ........................ .... 3205 Underground ...................................... 1-406 Cooling and heating ..... ............................... 3216 Tanks ............................. 7902.2,7902.4,7902.5 Display of motor vehicles .............................. . 3218 Tires .............. .......................... 1103.3.6,3408 Exit signs ............................................. 3214 Underground tank ........................ ............ 7902.6 Flame-retardant treatments.............................. 3207 SUMPS(well-drilling operations) ..................... 7904.3.4 Flammable and combustible liquids ....................... 3217 Generators............................................ 3219 Housekeeping ........................ ........... .... 3221 Means of egress ....................................... 3211 T Means of egress illumination ....... ... ..... ... ... ....... 3213 TAGS,COMPLIANCE WITH. ........................... 103.4.3 Means of egress,maintenance of . ....................... 3212 Occupant load,maximum .................... ........... 3209 TANK VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION ..................... 7904.6.1 Portable fire extinguishers ............................... 3208 TANK VEHICLES FOR FLAMMABLE AND Seating arrangements .................................. 3210 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS . ............. .......... 7904.6 Sources of ignition ..................................... 3215 Standby personnel ..................................... 3220 Construction ....................................... 7904.6.1 Structural stability . ..................................... 3206 Fire protection ... ... .................. ........... ... 7904.6.7 Full trailers and semitrailers .......................... 7904.6.2 TENT,definition ......................................... 221 Garaging ..........................................7904.6.6 Use period .......... ........... ....... ............. 3204 Operations of tank vehicles...........................7904.6.3 TERMINALS(see also BULK PLANTS) . ................ 7904.4 Parking ............................................ 7904.6.5 Smoking ........................................... 7904.6.4 TEST BLASTING CAP NO.8,definition . ................... 221 TANKS TESTING FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS,STANDPIPES AND Definition ............................. .......... 221 COMBINATION SYSTEMS .............. 1001.4,Appendix III-C Flammable and combustible liquids TIRE STORAGE ............................... 1103.3.6,3408 Abandonment .. .............. .... ... .............. 7902.1.7 TOXIC COMPRESSED GASES Aboveground .................................. 7902.1.7.3 Underground ...................... ............ 7902.1.7.2 Dispensing and use Anchorage ......................................7902.1.16 Indoors ........................................ 8004.2.3.7 Connections .................................... 7902.2.7.4 Outdoors ......................................... 8004.3.5 Construction .................................... 7902.1.8.2 Storage............................................. 8003.3 Design ......................................... 7902.1.8.2 TRAILERS AND SEMITRAILERS,tank vehicles ........7904.6.2 Seismic........................................7902.1.12 TRANSPORTATION Diking...................._......................7902.2.8 Blasting agents ..................................... 7703.4.1 Drainage control........................ ........... 7902.2.8 Explosives .......................................... 7703.2 Empty .................................. 7902.3.9,7902.5.3 Fire protection TREATMENT SYSTEMS Portable tanks inside buildings ................... 7902.5.1.2 Hazardous materials . ..... 8003.3.13.5,8004.2.3.7.5,8004.3.5.4 Stationary aboveground tanks .....................7902.2.4 Refrigeration system discharges . ........................ 6308 Fittings ......................................... 7902.2.7.4 Foundations .....................................7902.1.16 Installation requirements . ........................ 7902.1.8.2 U Linings ....................................... 7902.1.8.2.9 UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGES Locations................................ 7902.2.2,7902.3.3 Locations subject to flooding .......... ........ . Appendix 11-B Flammable and combustible liquids..................... 7901.7 Openings other than vents .........................7902.1.15 Hazardous materials ................................8001.5.2 Piping.............................. ............ 7902.2.7.4 UNDERGROUND TANKS(see TANKS,Underground) Portable UNIFORM BUILDING CODE,definition .................... 222 Inside buildings ................................... 7902.5 Outside of buildings ............................... 7902.3 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE TABLES Removal ....................................... 7902.1.7.4 Table 3-A:Description of Occupancies Stationary aboveground by Group and Division. ....................... Appendix VI-G Inside buildings ................................... 7902.4 Table 3-13:Required Separation in Outside of buildings ............................... 7902.2 Buildings of Mixed Occupancy . ............... Appendix VI-G Valves ......................................... 7902.2.7.4 Table 3-C:Required Separation of Vents Specific-use Areas in Group 1,Division 1.1, Emergency........................ .... 7902.1.14,7902.2.6 Hospitals and Nursing Homes ................. Appendix VI-G Normal ........................................ 7902.1.13 Table 3-F:Minimum Distances for Underground ...................................... 7902.6 Buildings Containing Explosive Materials ....... Appendix VI-G Contents........................................ 7902.6.2 Table 5-A:Exterior Wall and Opening Corrosion protection .............................7902.6.15 Protection Based on Location on Property Depth and cover ............ ..................... 7902.6.4 for all Construction Types ..................... Appendix VI-G Leak detection ..................................7902.6.12 Table 5-13:Basic Allowable Building Heights Leaking ....... .................................. 7902.6.8 and Basic Allowable Floor Area for Buildings Lining ...................................... ...7902.6.10 One Story in Height .....I.................... Appendix VI-G Location ........................................7902-6.3 Table 6-A:Types o Construction— Overfill protection ................. ............... 7902.6.5 Fire-resistive Requirements ................... Appendix VI-G Secondary containment . ......................... 7902.6.11 Table S-A:Flame-spread Classification . .......... Appendix VI-G Testing ........................................ 7902.6.16 Table 8-B:Maximum Flame-spread Class ........ Appendix VI-G Hardening and tempering ............................. 4503.9 Table 10-A:Minimum Egress Requirements ...... Appendix VI-G Hazardous materials . ............................... 8001.4.5 UNIT CONVERSION TABLES .................... Appendix VI-F Clearance from combustible .......................8003'1'12 UNSAFE BUILDINGS ............................... 103.4.1.2 Empty ..................... ..................... 8001.4.6 Installation UNSTABLE(REACTIVE)MATERIALS . ................. 8003.9 1-406 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE V Flammable finishing VACANT BUILDINGS 1110 Dipping operations.................................. 4503.2 ................................. Electrostatic apparatus .............................. 4504.5 Combustible materials ................................. 1110.2 Limited spraying area ..............................4502.6.5 General ............................................. 1110.1 Powder coating .................................... 4505.4 Hazardous materials .................................. 1110.2 Spray booths ...................................... 4502.5 Maintenance ......................................... 1110.3 Spraying areas ..................................... 4502.5 Security ............................................. 1110.3 Hazardous materials VALVES ........................... 7401.7,7901.11,7904.4.6.5 Dispensing ...........................8004.2.2.2,8004.2.3.3 Storage .......................................... 8003.1.4 VAPOR AREA .................................... 223,4503.2 Toxic and highly toxic compressed VAPOR PRESSURE,definition............................ 223 gases ..................8003.3.1.3,8004.2.3.7.1,8004.3.5.1 VEHICLE PROTECTION . ................... 7902.3.6,8001.11.3 Use..................................8004.2.2.2,8004.2.3.3 Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations VEHICLES Indoors .........................................5202.10.3 Flammable liquid tank ................. ............... 7904.6 Organic coating manufacturing......................... 5004.4 VENTILATION Ovens ................................................ 6204 plants and terminals ............................7904.4.3 Semiconductor fabrication facilities Bulk P Exhaust enclosures ... ............................ . 5101.8.6 Dry-cleaning plants...........................3602.2.3,3603.5 Fabrication areas .................................. 5101.12 Flammable and combustible liquids Workstations..................................... 5101.11.5 Cleaning ......... ............................ 7903.2.2.3.7 Spray booths andspraying areas 4502.5 Liquid storage rooms............................ 7902.5.11.4 VENTING Liquid storage warehouse ....................... 7902.5.12.4 Use,dispensing,mixing rooms and buildings .......... 7903.2.3 1-407 2001 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE HISTORY NOTE APPENDIX CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE (Title 24, Part 9, California Code of Regulations) For prior history,see the History Note Appendix to the California Code of the Western Fire Chiefs Association(CCR,Title 24,Part Fire Code 1998 Triennial Edition Published in December 1998 9) with amendments for State Fire Marshal regulated and efective July 1, 1999. occupancies. Approved by the Building Standards Commission 1. (SFM 4/01) Adoption of the 2000 edition the Uniform Fire on November 28,2001 and effective on November 1,2002. 1-408 ORDINANCE NO. 3571 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH AMENDING HUNTINGTON BEACH MUNICIPAL CODE CHAPTER 17.56 ADOPTING THE CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE WHEREAS, Section 17958.5 of the California Health and Safety Code permits the City to make changes or modifications to the California Fire Code as such changes or modifications are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geographic or topographical conditions; and WHEREAS,the Fire Chief of the City of Huntington Beach has recommended that the California Fire Code be adopted by the City with certain changes or modifications which are necessary to meet local climatic, geographical or topographical conditions. The City Council of the City of Huntington Beach does hereby ordain as follows: SECTION 1. Findings. The following findings are hereby adopted in support of Chapter 17.56 and the amendments thereto. The findings shall not be codified. FINDINGS The City of Huntington Beach is aware that due to the following climatic, geological and topographical conditions there is potential for disasters and major fires. Climatic Conditions The City of Huntington Beach is located in a semi-arid costal plain. It experiences periods of moderate temperatures with little or no precipitation and periods of storm activity with associated rainfall. Hot, dry, high velocity winds (called Santa Ana winds) are common in the area. These winds reduce the relative humidity causing severe drying of the vegetation and common building materials. These dry conditions predispose the area to large destructive fires(conflagration). The local climate is currently in a drought condition. Dry climatic conditions can create the potential for the rapid spread of fire in both vegetation and structures. The addition of fire protection systems will supplement the Fire Department response by providing immediate protection for the building occupants and by containing or controlling the spread of fire. Fire sprinkler systems also provide an efficient use of water for the control and containment of fires. The southern boundary of the City is along the Pacific Ocean. Winter storms and tropical storms come into the City from the ocean. These storms can create high winds and large ocean waves, which can cause flooding in large areas of the city. Along part of the eastern boundary of 02ord/chap17-556re/8/16/02 I Ord.No.3571 the city is the Santa Ana River. This river originates in the San Bernardino Mountains and flows through many communities until it terminates in the ocean at the Huntington Beach/Newport Beach border. The river is contained in a man-made channel. Heavy rainfall and urban runoff has potential to cause flooding in the flood plain due to the river and/or its tributaries. Geological Conditions The City of Huntington Beach is located in an area of high seismic activity. The Newport-Inglewood Fault runs through the City,which fault is the largest of several faults. Studies reveal that this fault has the probability of generating a 6.6 magnitude earthquake. Because of the population density and the number of structures in the City, the risk of life loss and property damage due to earthquake activity is considerable. Major earthquakes are always accompanied by the disruption of traffic flow. Fires caused by damaged flammable gas piping, ruptured fuel storage tanks and electrical arching are probable. The Fire Department responses to fires and other emergencies may be compromised. The presence of built-in fire protection systems, and regulation of tank installations provide an added degree of protection for the community. The City is located in a low to moderate tsunamis area. These seismic sea waves have the ability to flood large sections of the low-lying areas. These flood conditions also impact the response and activity level of the Fire Department. Topographical Conditions The City has a population of 195,000 people in 29 square miles. The daytime population increases significantly in the summer due to beach related activities. Heavy traffic is common on the City streets and roadways. There are two state highways (Beach Boulevard and Pacific Coast Highway) and a major freeway (I-405) routed through the City. There are also narrow alleys and numerous cul-de-sacs present. The ability for fire apparatus access is critical for timely ' emergency response. The regulation of these access routes is necessary to help provide reasonable response times. The following modifications to the Huntington Beach Fire Code, specifically affect the California Fire Code and are required due to local climatic, geological and topographical conditions within the City of Huntington Beach: A. Section 17.56.040 of the Huntington Beach Municipal Code: 1. The City is in a high seismic hazard zone subject to earthquakes of a significant magnitude to produce major damage. 2. This amendment would require an increased level of fire and life safety systems in buildings meeting the definition. An earthquake has the potential to impact fire 02ord/chapl7-55fire/8/15/02 2 Ord.No.3571 department response time.The increased level of built in protection may reduce the impact of increased response times on life safety. B. Sections 17.56.055, 17.56.060 and 17.56.065 of the Huntington Beach Municipal Code: 1. The City is in a high seismic hazard zone. 2. Much of the City is in a historical flood plain. 3. Any of the above conditions can effect fire department response times. The increased sprinkler and fire protection system requirements are to increase the level of life safety in these buildings. C. Sections 17.56.075 and 17.56.080 of the Huntington Beach Municipal Code: 1. Much of the City is located in a historical flood plain. 2. The City is in a high seismic area. 3. Many areas of the City contain soils that are corrosive. 4. Many areas of the City contain soils that are expansive when subjected to excessive moisture. 5. Providing proper size, installation, separation and protection of tanks and associated components will minimize the risks of deterioration and damage to the storage tanks and associated piping,valves, fittings and wiring. 6. Pacific storms that create flooding will have a major adverse effect on both aboveground and belowground tanks. D. Section 17.56.105 of the Huntington Beach Municipal Code: 1. Many areas of the city contain soils that are corrosive. 2. New tank linings will not remedy the external corrosion of the storage tanks due to the corrosive soils. SECTION 2. Section 17.56 of the Huntington Beach Municipal Code is hereby repealed in its entirety and replaced as follows: Chapter 17.56 HUNTINGTON BEACH FIRE CODE Sections: 17.56.010 Adoption 17,56.015 Definition 17.56.020 CFC Section 103.1.4 Amended Appeals 17.56.025 CFC Section 105 New materials, processes or occupancies Permits 17.56.030 Repealed Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.035 Repealed Ord. 3317-1/96 02ord/chap l 7-55fire/8/15/02 3 Ord.No.3571 17.56.040 CFC Section 209-H Amended ADD HIGH RISE 17.56.042 ADD AMENDMENT to CFC Section 902.2, 902.2.1 Required access 17.56.047 ADD AMENDMENT to CFC Section 902.2.4.1 General 17.56.045 CFC Section 902.2.2.1 Amended Fire Apparatus Access Dimensions 17.56.046 CFC Section 902.4 Amended Key Boxes/Gates 17.56.050-CFC Section 1003 Amended Fire Extinguishing Systems 17.56.055 CFC Section 1003.2.2 Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems 17.56.060 CFC Section 1003.4 Permissible Sprinkler Omissions 17.56.065 CFC Section 1004 Amended Standpipes TABLE 1004-A 17.56.067 ADD AMENDMENT to CFC Section 5102.2.2.1 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities-Storage`Aggregate Quantities 17.56.068 ADD AMENDMENT to CFC Section 5103.2.2.1 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities-Use and Handling-Aggregate Quantities 17.56.070 Repealed Ord. 3317-1/96 17.56.075 CFC Section 5202.4.1 Amended Aboveground Fuel Tanks 17.56.080 CFC Section 5202.4.5 Dispensing Supervision _ 17.56.085 CFC Section 6106.3 Portable Unvented Oil-Burning Heating Appliances 17.56.086 ADD AMENDMENT to CFC Section 7503.1.3.7 Testing 17.56.087 CFC Section 7901.3.2 Hazardous Materials Storage Plan 17.56.089 Repealed Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.090 Repealed Ord. 3317-1/96 17.56.091 Repealed Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.095 CFC Section 7902.2.2.1 Locations Where Aboveground Tanks Are Prohibited 17.56.100 CFC Section 7902.6.3 Location of Underground Fuel Tanks 17.56.105 CFC Section 7902.6.10 Tank Lining 17.56.110 CFC Section 7903.2.1.4 Heating, Cooking, and Lighting Devices 17.56.115 CFC Section 7903.2.3.4 Mechanical Ventilation 17.56.120 CFC Section 7904.3.2.3 Oil Well Drilling and Operation 17.56.125 Repealed Ord. 3317-1/96 17.56.130 CFC Section 7904.3.4.2 Amended Sumps 17.56.135 CFC Section 7904.3.10 Huntington Beach Oil Code 17.56.140 CFC Section 8001.3.2 Hazardous Materials Management Plan 17.56.145 CFC Section 8001.3.3 Amended Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement 17.56.150 Repealed Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.155 CFC Section 8001.5.2.2 Notification 17.56.160 Repealed Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.165 CFC Section 8001.5.2.5 Responsibility For Cleanup (Soil Spec.) 17.56.170 CFC Section 8001.7 Identification Signs 17.56.175 CFC Section 8001.11.00 Spill Control,Drainage Control, and Secondary Containment 17.56.180 CFC Section 8001.15.1 Exempt amounts 17.56.182 CFC Section 8003.1.2 Hazardous Materials Signs 17.56.184 CFC Section 8003.1.5 Maximum Quantity Hazardous Materials On Site 17.56.185 Repealed Ord. 3430-7/99 17.56.190 CFC Section 8004.1.1 Applicability 17.56.192 UFC Section 8004.1.9 Hazardous Materials Signs 02ord/chap 17-»fire/8/15/02 4 Ord.No.3571 17.56.195 CFC Section 8102.10.2 High Piled Stock Aisle Width 17.56.200 CFC Appendix Life safety requirements for existing buildings other than high rise 17.56.205 CFC Appendix IIC Marinas 17.56.210 CFC Appendix IIE Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement 17.56.220 CFC Appendix II-K Aboveground Tanks 17.56.010 Adoption. There is adopted by the City Council, for the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion, that certain code and standards known as the California Fire Code, including Appendices I-A, I-B, I- C, II-A, II-C, II-D, II-E, II-K, II-H, II-J, III-A, III-C, and IV-A and amendments thereto, published by Western Fire Chiefs Association and the California Building Standards Commission, being particularly the 2001 edition thereof(hereinafter CFC) and the Uniform Fire Code, 2000 edition, save and except those portions as are hereinafter modified or amended, of which code and standards not less than one (1) copy has been and is now filed in the Office of the City Clerk, and the same is hereby adopted and incorporated as fully as if set out at length herein, and from the date on which such CFC shall take effect, the provisions thereof shall be controlling within the limits of the City of Huntington Beach and shall hereinafter be referred to in this chapter as the Huntington Beach Fire Code. 17.56.015 Definition. Wherever the word "jurisdiction" is used in the Huntington Beach Fire Code, it shall mean the City of Huntington Beach. 17.56.020 UFC Section 103.1.4 Amended Appeals. Any appeal from the'decision of the chief of the Fire Department to the Huntington Beach Appeals Board must be filed within thirty (30) days from the date of the decision appealed. There shall be no appeal pursuant to this section to determine the validity of a decision of the fire chief, or his or her designee, pursuant to CFC Section 103.4.4 or CFC Section 8001.5.2.5. 17.56.025 New materials.processes or occupancies Permits. The City Administrator,the chief of the Fire Department, and the chief of the Fire Prevention Division shall act as a committee to determine and specify, after giving affected persons an opportunity to be heard, any new materials, processes or occupancies which shall require permits in addition to those now enumerated in this code. The chief of the Fire Prevention Division shall post such list in a conspicuous place in his office, and distribute copies to interested persons. 17.56.040 CFC Section 209-H High Rise. High Rise is any building having floors used for human occupancy located more than 55 feet above the lowest level of Fire Department access. Such buildings shall have fire and life safety systems required by the Building Code. 17.56.042 CFC Section 902.2.1, Amended Fire Apparatus Access. All private streets and accessways into or .vithin the jurisdiction are hereby designated as fire department access roads. Fire Apparatus access roads shall be provided in accordance with sections 901 and 902.2 for every residential, commercial and industrial development, facility, building or portion of a building hereafter constructed or moved into within the jurisdiction when any portion of the development, facility building or any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of the building is located more than 150 feet(45 720 MM) from the fire apparatus access as measured by an 02ord/chap 17-55 fire/8/19;02 5 Ord.No.3571 approved route around the exterior of the development, facility or building. Also see Section 902.3 for personnel access to the building. 17.56.045 CFC Section 902.2.2.1 Fire Apparatus Access Dimensions. (a) Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than twenty-four(24') feet (7315 mm) and an obstructed vertical clearance of not less than thirteen (13') feet six (6") inches (4115 mm). Fire access streets, drives or roads adjacent to building fronts in commercial centers shall be not less than twenty-seven (27') (8230 mm) feet wide. EXCEPTION: Upon approval by the fire chief,vertical clearance may be reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance. 17.56.046 CFC Section 902.4 Key Boxes/Gates. When access to or within a structure or an area is unduly difficult because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life- saving or firefighting purposes, the fire chief is authorized to require a key box to be installed in an accessible location. The key box shall be of a type approved by the chief and shall contain keys'to gain necessary access as required by the fire chief. On all electric vehicle gates leading to required fire department access lanes, an approved fire department key switch and an approved strobe light receiver(residential developments only-refer to City Specification 4403) shall be installed and tested by the fire department. In the event of a power failure, the gate shall be automatically transferred to a fail safe mode allowing the gate to be pushed open without the use of special knowledge or any equipment. 17.56.047 CFC Section 902.2.4.1. Amended: Fire Apparatus Access Roads-Obstruction. The required width, surface and construction of a fire apparatus access road shall not be obstructed or modified in any manner, including the parking of vehicles without the prior approval of the Fire Chief. Minimum required widths and clearances established under Section 902.2.2.1 as amended by HBMC 17.56.045 shall be maintained at all times. 17.56.050 CFC Section 1003. Fire Extinguishing Systems. 1003.1.1 General. Fire extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with the Fire Code, and National Fire Protection Association Pamphlet#13. 1003.1.2 Standards. delete exceptions 2 and 3. ADDFor the purposes of this code, highrise buildings are defined in UFC § 209H. 17.56.055 CFC Section 1003.2.2 Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems. 1003.2.2 All Occupancies: All Occupancies Except group U occupancies. (For group U occupancies, refer to City Specification 9404). An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed whenever the total gross floor area exceeds 5,000 square feet for all new construction, additions to existing buildings (refer to City Specification#420), or change of occupancy classification to an assembly, educational, institutional,hazardous or residential use, and as follows: 02ord/chap l 7-55 fire/8/15/02 6 Ord.No.3571 1003.2.3.1 Drinking Establishments- Line 5 Change '(1)hour' to '(4)hour'. Line 6 Change one (1)hour to four(4) hour. 1003.23.3 Exhibition and Display rooms: Line 2 Change 12,000 to 5,000. 1003.2.3.7 Stages. All buildings shall be sprinklered, where there is a stage or enclosed platform. 1003.2.3.9 ADD Automatic sprinklers shall be required throughout the building where a portion of the building above the first floor is used for drinking and/or dining. 1003.2.3.10 ADD Automatic sprinklers shall be required throughout the building when a portion of the building above the first floor is used for any assembly purpose other than drinking and/or dining, with an occupant load of fifty (50) or more persons. 1003.2.4.1 General. Delete Exceptions one (1) and two (2). 1003.2.8 Group M Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in retail sales rooms classified as Group M Occupancies where the floor area exceeds 5,000 square feet or in Group M retail sales occupancies more than three stories in height. The area of mezzanines shall be included in determining the areas where sprinklers are required. 17.56.060 CFC Section 1003.4 Permissible Sprinkler Omissions. ADD 6. When the gross square footage of the building is divided into nonsprinklered 5,000 square feet units by four hour masonry fire resistive separation walls,the four hour masonry walls shall have no openings, shall have parapets 30 inches above the roofline, and extend horizontally to separate exterior combustible cornices, canopies, etc. EXCEPTION: If four hour masonry walls are not extended horizontally, a 5 foot distance shall be provided between the four hour masonry wall and exterior combustible cornices, canopies, etc. 17.56.065 CFC Section 1004 Standpipes TABLE 1004A. Table 1004-A: Line 1. Standpipes for sprinklered buildings shall be Class 1I1. Line 2. Change four(4) stories to three (3) stories. Standpipes for sprinklered buildings shall be Class III. Line 5. Change four(4) stories to three (3) stories; 20,000 square feet per floor to 10,000 and standpipes for sprinklered buildings shall be Class III. 02ord/chap 17-»fire/3/15/02 7 Ord. No.3571 17.56.067 CFC Section 5102.2.2.1 Amended: Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities-Storage- Aggregate Quantities. The aggregate quantities of hazardous materials stored and used in a single fabrication area shall not exceed the quantities set forth in Table 5102-A. 17.56.068 CFC Section 5103.2.2.1 Amended: Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities-Use and Handling-Aggregate Quantities. The aggregate quantities of hazardous materials in a single fabrication area shall be in accordance with Section 5102.2.2. See Table 5102-A. 17.56.075 CFC Section 5202.4.1 Amended Aboveground Fuel Tanks. Aboveground Tanks. Class I and Class II flammable liquids shall not be dispensed into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle from aboveground tanks EXCEPT as follows: Above Ground Tank Model Policy For Dispensing Into Motor Vehicles SCOPE: When approved by the fire chief, the outside storage and dispensing of motor fuels (does not pertain to LPG) into tanks of motor vehicles from an aboveground tank(s), used in commercial applications which are not intended for retail sales to the general public. RESTRICTED LOCATIONS: ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITS OF DISTRICTS (ZONES) IN WHICH STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN OUTSIDE ABOVEGROUND TANKS ARE PROHIBITED. The limits referred to in Section 7902.2.2 of the CFC, as adopted by Huntington Beach Municipal Code 17.56.095 in which the storage of flammable or combustible liquids is restricted shall be as per local code and as approved by the fire chief. PLANS: Plans shall be submitted and approved prior to installation for each application. The plans shall indicate the method of storage and dispensing quantities to be stored, distances from buildings and property lines, accessways, fire protection facilities,barrier protection, diking (secondary containment), design and construction of tanks, supports, seismic design, tank venting and vapor recovery, wiring and equipment, electrical controls, safety rules, signage and any additional information and requirements required by the fire chief. PERMITS : Permits shall be required in accordance with Section 105 of the CFC. In addition,the storage and dispensing of each operation shall be reviewed and permitted annually to assure compliance with approved plans. Prior to the issuance of the Fire Department's permit to install, all olher applicable permits shall be obtained, i.e., Building, Planning, Environmental Health, Air Quality. PERMITTABLE LOCATIONS ON PROPERTY: 02ord/chap17-55fire/8/15/02 8 Ord.No.3571 The minimum distance in feet from property lines, public ways or significant buildings in which tank(s) and dispenser(s) can be located are hereby restricted to the following guidelines: Tanks to a maximum of 2200 gallons capacity shall be located fifteen(15') feet from property lines,public ways or significant buildings. The aggregate gallonage per site shall be limited to 2200 gallons. Quantities greater than 2200 gallons aggregate shall be approved by the fire chief. SEPARATION BETWEEN TANKS: Except for double-bulkheaded compartmentalized tanks, the separation between each tank shall be 1/6 the sum of adjacent tank diameter but not less than three (3) feet. (See CFC Table 7902.2- G). FIRE AND EXPLOSION PROTECTION: The primary tank shall be protected by a minimum listed or approved fire resistive protection of 2-hour rating and impact resistance as approved by the fire chief. (Impact resistance Article 2 definition.) DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TANKS AND EQUIPMENT: The design, fabrication and construction of tanks shall be in accordance with CFC Section 7902.1.8.1.1. Equipment All dispensing equipment and devices shall be of an approved type and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory as approved by the Fire Chief for use in conjunction with Class I and Class II liquids and shall comply with CFC Section 7903. MONITORING: The following procedures are required for monitoring: 1. Electronic leak detection that complies with California Code of Regulations (CCR)Title 23- 2634, shall be required to monitor the interstitial space between the primary and secondary tank. 2.All visible exterior surfaces of an aboveground storage tank, including any visible horizontal surface directly beneath the tank, shall be inspected at least daily by direct viewing. The inspection schedule shall be established such that some of the inspections are conducted when the liquids are at their highest level. 3. A written statement of the routine monitoring procedures shall be available at the facility and the record shall include the frequency of visual inspections, the location(s) from which 02ord/chap 17-55fire/8/15/02 9 Ord.No.3571 observations will be made, the name(s) and title(s) of the person(s) responsible for performing the observations and the reporting format. 4. Written records shall be maintained on site for three (3) years. PRODUCT DISPENSING: Dispensers shall be equipped with a listed emergency breakaway device designed to retain liquid on both sides of the breakaway point. The devices shall be located at each end of the hose between the nozzle and the pump. Such devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. (See NFPA (TIA) 30) DISPENSING: Dispensers shall be equipped with a permanently attached, approved pumping device mounted on top of tank, with an approved hose of an approved length for filling vehicles, equipment or containers. Each tank shall have a pump that is activated/deactivated when the nozzle is removed and replaced. (CFC Section 7903) PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS: In addition to other requirements outlined in CFC Section 7901.11, the following shall be required: Piping:All piping shall be enclosed in two (2)hour fire protection. Pipes containing liquid are required to be double contained. This includes the base of working and emergency vents and fuel sleeves. Manifold piping to connect multiple tanks is prohibited. A fusible link valve, of the type that upon heat activation the valve will close preventing fumes from ignition, shall be required on all openings other than working and emergency vents. The valve shall be approved by the Fire Chief. A fire extinguisher with a minimum classification of 2-A, 20 B:C shall be provided and so located that it will be not more than seventy-five (75) feet from any pump, dispenser or fill pipe opening. (See CFC Section 5202.9) TANK LINING: Tank linings are prohibited in the City of Huntington Beach unless approved by the fire chief. (See CFC Section 7902.1.8.2.9). SUPPORTS AND FOUNDATIONS: Tanks shall rest on foundations made of concrete, masonry,piling or steel. Tank foundations shall be designed to minimize the possibility of uneven settling of the tank and to minimize corrosion in any part of the tank resting on the foundations. Steel tank supports shall be designed to U.L. Standard 1709. (See CFC Section 7902.1.16) ANCHORAGE: Design of Supports: The design of the supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance with well established engineering principles in accordance with the Building Code. 02ord/chap17-55fire/8/15/02 10 Ord.No.3571 1. Tanks shall be so supported as to prevent the excessive concentration of loads on the supporting portion of the shell. (See CFC Section 7902.1.16) 2. Locations Subject to Flooding: Where a tank is located in an area that may be subjected to flooding, the applicable provisions of CFC Appendix II-B apply. 3. Seismic Design: The tank supports and connections shall be designed to resist damage as a result of such shocks in accordance with the Building Code. (See CFC Section 7902.1.12) BARRIER PROTECTION: Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular damage specified as follows: 1. Seven(7) foot steel posts, with three (3') feet above and four (4') feet below grade. The post shall be secured in a one (1) foot square concrete footing. 2. The post shall be of 1/2" steel (schedule 40) six (6") inch diameter and concrete filled with cap. 3. The posts shall be thirtysix (36") inches apart on center. 4. The backside of the post shall be a minimum of three (3) feet from the tank. DIKING: The area surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall be provided with drainage or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining property or reaching waterways. Exception: When double containment is provided within the construction of the tank, the diking requirements may be waived by the fire chief. (See CFC Section 7902.2.8) VEHICULAR APPROACH PAD: A nonabsorbent surface sufficiently covering the vehicle fueling area is required as approved by the fire chief. TANK VENTING AND VAPOR RECOVERY: 1. Emergency relief venting shall be in accordance with CFC Section 7902.2.6 and NFPA(TIA) 30A. Emergency relief vents for gasoline primary and secondary tanks shall have a flame arrestor as approved by the fire chief. 02ord/chap17-55fire/8/15/02 1 1 Ord.No.3571 2. A coaxial breakaway device as approved by the Fire Chief shall be required on phase II vapor recovery systems. Vapor recovery shall be in accordance with CFC Section 5202.13 and the Air Quality authority having jurisdiction. APPROVED WIRING: All installation of electrical wiring and equipment shall be reasonably safe to persons and property. For Class I liquids where electrical wiring and equipment installed, evidence that such wiring and equipment are of the type approved for use in the hazardous locations as set forth in CFC Table 5202.6-A and that such wiring and equipment have been installed in accordance with the Electrical Code Will be required. (See CFC Section 5202) ELECTRICAL CONTROLS: Emergency and routine electrical controls shall comply with the following: 1. A clearly labeled manually operated pump master switch shall be provided in an approved location, within seventyfive (75') feet of, but not nearer than fifteen(15')feet to any dispenser. 2. Signs identifying the pump master switch shall be clearly labeled "EMERGENCY PUMP SHUTOFF" in four(4") inch high letters with 1/2" strokes. 3. Where such master switch is not visible from all dispensers, the location thereof shall be indicated by approved signs. 4. A control switch or each individual pump circuit switch shall be set in the "off' position at time of business closure. SAFETY RULES: The following safety regulations shall be strictly enforced: 1. There shall be no smoking or open flames in the areas used for fueling, servicing internal combustion engines, receiving or dispensing of Class I, II, or IIIA liquids. 2.There shall be no dispensing into unapproved containers. (See CFC Section 5201.6) 3. The engines of all vehicles being fueled shall be stopped. Conspicuous signs prohibiting smoking, prohibiting dispensing into unapproved containers and requiring vehicle engines to be shut off during fueling operations shall be posted at each dispenser. 4. Flammable or combustible liquids or any waste liquid containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be discharged into or upon any street,highway drainage canal or ditch, storm drain, sewer, floodcontrol channel, lake or tidal waterway, or upon the ground. 5. Storage is prohibited on top of the tank(s). 02ord/chap 17-55 fire/8/15/02 12 Ord.No.3571 TANK IDENTIFICATION: Aboveground storage tanks over 100 gallons (water capacity) permanently installed, mounted or affixed and used for the storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall bear the label or placard in accordance with CFC Standard 793 identifying the material within. A placard shall also be installed, mounted or affixed adjacent to the "Emergency Shutoff' sign. TANK FILLING OPERATIONS: Delivery operations shall comply with applicable requirements of NFPA 3 85, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids. 1. The delivery vehicle shall be separated from any aboveground tank by at least twentyfive(25') feet (7.6m). Tank filling shall not begin until the delivery operator has determined tank ullage (available capacity). The delivery hoseline shall not exceed fifty(50') feet. 2. A dry break coupling shall be installed at a point where connection and disconnection is made from the delivery vehicle to any aboveground tank. This device shall be protected from tampering and physical damage. A sign stating "Do not remove or tamper«ith the Dry Break Coupling" shall be affixed adjacent to the coupling. 3. An overfill-protection system approved by the fire chief is required. The tank shall be equipped with an overspill box to contain any spill at the fill opening during delivery operations. (See NFPA 30A CFC Section 4.3.3.4) TESTING: All tank and piping shall be tested in a manner acceptable to the Fire Chief. (See CFC Section 7901.11.10) FENCING: Fencing shall be provided for all installations. Fencing shall not be less than six (6) feet in height, constructed of wire mesh, solid metal sheathing or masonry. Fencing shall be so located as to provide protection from tampering or trespassing. Exception: Tanks are not required to be enclosed within a fence if the property on which the tanks are located already has a perimeter security fence. (See CFC Section 7902.3.5) MAINTENANCE TESTING: The integrity of the primary and secondary tanks shall be tested annually or after a significant event or possible breach of integrity, by the tank owner or operator using the tank monitoring port. All test results shall be maintained on the premises for three (3) years and shall be made available to the fire chief upon request. (See CFC Section 7902.6.13) 02ord/chap 17-55fire/8/15/02 13 Ord.No.3571 The tank integrity tests at a minimum shall: 1. Test for vapor in the interstitial space. 2. Secondary tank vacuum or pressure procedure approved by the fire chief. COMMUNICATIONS: During hours of operation,the system's site shall be provided with a fire alarm transmitting device. Such a device may be a telephone that is readily available. (See CFC Article 52) SUPERVISION: Where dispensing of Class 1, 11, or IIIA liquids is performed a listed automatic-closing type nozzle valve shall be used incorporating the following features: _ (See CFC Section 5202.4.4.2) 1. The hose nozzle valve shall be equipped with an integral latch-open device. 2. When the flow of product is normally controlled by devices or equipment other than the nozzle valve, the hose nozzle valve shall not be capable of being opened unless the delivery hose is pressurized. If pressure-to the hose is lost,the nozzle shall close automatically. Exception: Vapor recovery nozzles incorporating Insertion Interlock devices designed to achieve shutoff upon disconnection with vehicle fill pipe. 3. The hose nozzle shall be designed in such a way that the nozzle is retained in the fill pipe during the filling operation. 4. Supervision: The dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids into a fuel tank of a vehicle-or into a container shall at all times be under the supervision of a qualified attendant. Exception: Supervision by a qualified attendant is not required at locations, provided the owner or operator provides and is accountable for: a. At least daily site visits. b. Regular equipment inspection and maintenance. c. Conspicuously posting instructions for safe operation of dispensing equipment. d. Posting the phone number of the owner operator. e. A sign in addition to that required in CFC Section 5201.6.3 is posted in a conspicuous location stating: 02ord/chap 17-55 fire/8/15/02 14 Ord.No.3571 E OF FIRE OR SPILL ]i. Use Emergency pump shutoff 2.JReport the accident FIRE DEPARTMENT#: 911 fFACILITIES ADDRESS f. Product delivery hoses from dispensers shall be equipped with a listed emergency breakaway C� device designed to retain liquid on both sides of the breakaway point. Such doublebreakaway devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with manufacturer's instruction. 17.56.080 CFC Section 5202.4.5 Dispensing Super-vision. CFC Section 5202.4.5 Delete #1 and Delete 92. 17.56.085 CFC Section 61063 Portable Unvented Oil-Burning Heating Appliances. CFC Section 6106.3 Location line 3 delete group S, Division 3, 4, and 5. 17.56.086 CFC Section 7503.1.3.7 AMEND Testing. Piping of systems shall be tested and proven free of leaks after installation as required by the standards to which they were designed and constructed. Test pressures shall not be less than 150 percent of1the maximum allowable working pressure when hydraulic testing is conducted or 110 percent when testing is conducted pneumatically. 17.56.087 CFC Section 7901.3.2 Hazardous Materials Storage Plan. CFC Section 7901.3.2 is Amended to Read: Plans. All new facilities and modifications to existing facilities proposing to store, dispense, use or handle flammable or combustible liquids, shall submit a hazardous materials storage and use plan in accordance with CFC Section 8001.3.2. 17.56.095 CFC Section 7902.2.2.1 Locations Where Aboveground Tanks Are Prohibited. Restricted Locations. The limits referred to herein prohibiting the storage of Class I and II liquids in outside, aboveground tanks are hereby established for all commercial land use districts as defined in the Huntington Beach Zoning and Subdivision Ordinance. EXCEPTIONS: A. Bulk plants may exist in IG (general industrial) zoned districts only. B. Class III liquids may only be stored on properties with a 0 or 01 suffix. C. Class 11 liquids may be stored temporarily on construction sites with the approval of the fire chief. 02ord/chap 17-5 5 fire/8/1 5/02 15 Ord.No.3571 D. The storage of Class I and Class II liquids in aboveground tanks is prohibited within the City of Huntington Beach except at locations classified as Zone IG(general industrial) where permitted by a site plan use permit on property designated as potentially suitable for the uses permitted under these zone classifications by the Huntington Beach Zoning and Subdivision Ordinance as the same may be amended from time to time. 17.56.100 CFC Section 7902.6.3 Location of Underground Fuel Tanks. CFC Section 7902.6.3 is amended to read as follows: 4. The installation of underground combustible/flammable liquid tanks is hereby prohibited in all residential districts. The fire chief may authorize installation of underground ombustible/flammable liquid tanks in agricultural and manufacturing districts. 17.56.105 CFC Section 7902.6.10 Tank Lining. Tank linings are prohibited unless approved by the Fire Chief. 17.56.110 CFC Section 7903.2.1.4 Heatine. Cooking. and LiQhtinQ Devices. CFC Section 7903.2.1.4 Delete the exception. 17.56.115 CFC Section 7903.2.3.4.2 Mechanical Ventilation. CFC Section 7903.2.3.4.2 Delete the exception. 17.56.120 CFC Section 7904.3.2.3 Oil Well Drilling and Operation. The distances set out in this CFC Section 7904.3.2, at the discretion of the fire chief,may be reduced if added fire protection is provided by installation of approved fire protection systems and devices. 17.56.130 CFC Section 7904.3.4.2 Sumps-Backfilling. Backfilling Sumps. The maintenance of any sump or other basin for the retention of oil or petroleum products in the City is prohibited. 17.56.135 CFC Section 7904.3.10 Huntington Beach Oil Code. The Huntington Beach Oil Code (Huntington Beach Municipal Code Chapter 15.04) is incorporated herein by reference, and declared to be part of the Huntington Beach Fire Code as though set out in full herein. 17.56.140 CFC Section 8001.3.2 Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Compliance with Huntington Beach Municipal Code Chapter 17.58 requiring a business emergency plan shall be considered in compliance with CFC Section 8001.3.2 except as provided in CFC Section 8001.3.2.1 below: 8. In addition to the requirements set forth in CFC Section 8001.3.2, all new facilities and existing facilities proposing modifications to handle or propose to handle hazardous materials shall submit a hazardous materials storage and use plan packet. Packets/plans shall be submitted and approved prior to installation and/or operation for all hazardous materials and each application. - 17.56.145 CFC Section 8001.3.3 Amended-Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. Deleted and amended to read: 02ord/chap 17-55 fire/8/15/02 16 Ord.No.3571 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. Compliance with Huntington Beach Municipal Code Chapter 17.58 shall be considered in compliance with this section. 17.56.155 CFC Section 8001.5.2.2 Notification.Notification. The fire chief shall be notified immediately when an unauthorized discharge becomes reportable under state, federal and location regulations and in accordance with Huntington Beach Municipal Code Chapter 17.58. 17.56.165 CFC Section 8001.5.2.5 Responsibility For Cleanup (Soil Spec.) Clean-up of contaminated soil and property shall be in accordance with state, federal or local regulations as follows: ` 1. 1 st Clean-Up Criteria. Soils sampled during site assessments that fail California Assessment Manual (CAM) criteria for hazardous waste will be excavated and disposed of at a proper disposal site. Laboratory tests used in this determination are pH (EPA9045), CAM Metals (total), and Volatile Chlorinated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (EPA-8240) as described in item 6 below, Site Assessment and Laboratory Specifications. 2. 2nd Clean-Up Criteria. Comparison of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentration in soils sampled during the site assessment shall be made with the screening criteria in CFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1. If the sample results meet the Table 1 criteria,no further testing or remediation work will be required. If the TPH exceeds the screening criteria,the laboratory will perform the additional analyses specified (EPA802O, EPA827O). Further delineation of the contaminated soil through use of additional borings, additional trenches or by excavation and stockpiling must be performed to determine the lateral and vertical extent of soil exceeding Table 1 criteria. Samples obtained during this delineation will be analyzed for screening criteria listed in Table 1 (EPA418.1 and EPA8015). If sample results exceed the screening criteria in Table 1,the laboratory shall be instructed to run the analyses specified in CFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 2 (EPA8020, EPA8270)finless the applicant chooses to excavate the contaminated soil to meet criteria in Table 1 without proceeding to further analyses specified in Table 2. Soils which contain less than the screening levels specified in Table 2 shall not be required to undergo soil remediation provided that EPA 418.1 and EPA 8O15M Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon concentrations are less than 100% excess of Table 1 screening criteria levels. 3. Depth of Contaminated Soil Removal. Soil contamination in excess of the CFC 8001.5.2.5 Tables 1 and 2 criteria extending deeper than twenty (20) feet below ultimate finished grade or within five (5) feet of the groundwater table, whichever is shallower, and not exhibiting characteristics of material considered hazardous for disposal purposes may be considered for non-remediation. Approval for non-remediation shall be by certification of the Fire Department and shall be issued with appropriate findings. The lateral and vertical extent of this contaminated material left in place shall be determined using Table 1 criteria. This extent shall be'reported to the City and disclosed to subsequent property owners in a format approved by the Fire Department. 02ord/chap 17-55 fire/8/15/02 17 Ord.No.3571 Surface structures within one hundred (100) feet of the lateral extent of the contaminated soil shall be built with vapor barriers in accordance with applicable City specifications. 4. Disposition of Stockpiled Soil. Soil that is stockpiled on site as a result of criteria applied above can be evaluated for reuse on site. The reuse options may include, but are not limited to, on site remediation and resampling to meet the criteria in CFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1 and/or 2 or reuse of the soil as road subgrade where applicable. Specifications for reuse of crude oil contaminated soil as road subgrade are identified in item 7 below. Soil that is planned for reuse on site should be sampled at a frequency sufficient to adequately characterize the degree and composition of the contamination. A sampling plan shall be submitted to the Fire Department for approval prior to reuse. 5. On Site Remediation. Soil can be remediated on site as long as it does not exhibit any characteristics of material considered hazardous for disposal purposes. On site remediation must comply with all applicable state, county, federal and city regulations. Remediation activities shall be performed within a designated area. A remediation plan shall be approved by the Fire Department. After soil is remediated and reused, the surface of the designated remediation area shall be tested in accordance with provisions identified herein above. A testing plan shall be submitted to the Fire Department for approval as well as a final report which shall summarize the remediation efforts and post remediation test results. 6. Site Assessment and Laboratory Specifications. Analyses performed during site assessments of oil fields (other industrial or agricultural uses may require additional analysis) should include pH (EPA9045), CAM Metals (total only, soluble if total exceeds ten times (STLC), Volatile Hydrocarbons (EPA8240), Total Recoverable Hydrocarbons (EPA418.1), Total Fuel Hydrocarbons (EPA8015), Semi-Volatile Organics (EPA8270) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (EPA8080). Vertical limits of hydrocarbon contamination shall be assessed. Sampling shall extend to a depth sufficient to identify at least five (5') feet of uncontaminated soil or to a depth not greater than five (5') feet above the water table in cases where regional groundwater will be impacted by sampling operations. If the landowner chooses to cleanup the site using screening criteria specified in HBFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 2,the laboratory analytical work may specify the reanalysis of samples exceeding screening criteria specified in HBFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1. The shelf life for the samples must not be exceeded when the reanalyses are run. The laboratory contract shall specify use of EPA Method 3630 as a cleanup procedure prior to soil analysis for CAPNA's using EPA8270 if the 418.1 results show greater than 1,000 ppm. Samples representative of a specific site should be obtained consistent with a Phase I historical review of the site. The sampling frequency will vary depending on potential for on site 02ord/chap 17-55fire/8/15/02 18 Ord.No.3571 contamination. Sampling should be targeted at identified or suspected contaminated locations on the site. Sampling of areas not suspected to be contaminated shall be done on a random basis according to a Sampling Plan which shall be approved by the Fire Department. The Sampling Protocol, both in terms of site specific targets and other random sampling should be formulated in cooperation with the Fire Department. The burden of demonstrating soil cleanup to established limits of contamination shall be the responsibility of the land owner. The Fire Department's approval of a Sampling Protocol shall be required. A Site Auditor, as identified in CFC 8001.5.2.5 shall be a requirement placed on all significantly large oil field properties and on smaller properties where a reasonably large number of contamination sources are deemed to remain unsampled following completion of the approved Sampling Protocol. The requirement for a Site Auditor shall be at the discretion of the Fire Department. Soil sampling shall be carried out using protocols approved by the California Leaking Underground Fuel Tank Manual and/or the Orange County Health Department. Analytical results which may be inconsistent or anomalous when compared to other sample data taken as part of the site assessment shall be made a part of the record although the land owner shall have the option of providing additional samples to clarify inconsistencies. The number and location of these samples shall be determined by the land owner. 7. Specifications for Reuse of Crude Oil Contaminated Soils as Road Subgrade. Soils must meet criteria listed in HBFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1 and 2. Reused soils must meet compaction requirements. Reused soils shall be placed directly beneath the asphalt cap and underlying aggregate to a maximum depth of four(4) feet below the road surface. Fills deeper than four(4) feet must be approved by the Fire Department based on sufficient findings. Potable drinking water lines must be surrounded by clean sand or gravel and approved and inspected by the appropriate City Departments before burial in the roadway. A detailed set of drawings must be submitted to the City showing the plan of reused soils, a cross section of the road base, locations of utility lines and thickness of clean sand and gravel pack placed around these lines. Soil analysis data for the road fill must also be submitted which shall verify compliance with the standards listed in Table 1 and/or Table 2. 8. Scope of Contract Specifications for On Site Auditing During Grading Activities.The Auditor shall be an independent environmental or geotechnical consulting company with adequate training to identify petroleum contaminated soils with field instruments and techniques described 02ord/chapl7-55fire/8/15/02 19 Ord.No.3571 below. The Auditor shall be licensed by the State of California as a Registered Environmental Assessor. Auditors will monitor grading activities for indicators that petroleum hydrocarbons may have contaminated the soils and shall be aware of the situations and procedures: a. Soft spongy soils that become evident as heavy equipment travels over it. b. Hydrocarbon odors emanating from the soil. c. A reading of greater than twenty(20)ppm on a hand held organic vapor monitor(OVM) held three (3) inches from suspected contaminated soils. The meter shall be calibrated at least twice per day. d. A small vial of solvent can be used to extract a small amount of soil. If the solvent becomes discolored petroleum may be present. If any of the indicators above are found, the Auditor shall devise a sampling program capable of ascertaining whether or not waste is classified as hazardous. All sampling procedures shall be in accordance with the protocols established by LUTF and/or the Orange County Health Department. The contamination citing shall be made a part of the record and the Fire Department shall be immediately notified. Sufficient samples shall be analyzed to characterize the vertical and horizontal extent of the potential contaminant. If samples exceed the screening criteria in HBFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 1, the soil must either be removed or reanalyzed and compared to criteria in HBFC 8001.5.2.5 Table 2. If the soil is determined to meet the Table 2 criteria, the soil can be incorporated into the fill. If it does not,the soil can be stockpiled for remediation and reuse or removed from the site. A report documenting the observations made and samples obtained during grading shall be prepared. This report shall document compliance with the appropriate section of Table 1 and/or Table 2, as applicable. Table 1 I E Screening Level for Hydrocarbon Cleanup I Land Use TPH 418.1 TPH 8015M Residential & Recreational <500 ppm j< 500 ppm Commercial & Industrial <1,000 ppm <1,000 ppm — - I Roadway 00'4' Below Road Surface n/a <1,000 ppm total; <160 ppm of 1the<C 14 component >4' Below Road Surface <1,000 ppm <1,000 ppm j 02ord/ch ap 17-55 fire/8/15/02 20 Ord.No.3571 Table 2 Screening Level for Hydrocarbon Cleanup Land Use _JBTX& E (8020) PNA(8270)1 R__e_sidential & Recreational (B<1.0 ppm Each CAPNA <0.5 ppm T, X& E <10.0 ppm Total CAPNA's <3.0 ppm —,individually... -.:- )Commercial & Industrial jB<1.0 ppm Each CAPNA<1.0 ppm F- IT,X& E <10.0 ppm Total CAPNA's <6.0 ppm individually Roadway �0'4' Below Road Surface kB<1.0 ppm Each CAPNA <1.0 ppm �T,X & E<10.0 ppm Total CAPNA's <9.0 ppm individually >4' Below Road Surface 113<1.0 ppm - Total CAPNA <1.0 ppm ijL, X & E <l0.0ppm Total CAPNA's <6.0 ppm individually TBased on CAPNA's found in Proposition 65 list, in addition to benzo (g,h,i) perylene] 17.56.170 CFC Section 8001.7 Identification Signs. Identifications Signs. When required by the fire chief, visible identificaton signs shall be placed in approved locations where hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, used or handled in accordance with Huntington Beach Fire Prevention Division Hazardous Materials Identification Guidelines City Specification 14423. 17.56.175 Add CFC Section 8003.1.3 Spill Control, Drainage Control, and Secondary Containment. Spill Control, Drainage Control. and Secondary Containment. Spill control, drainage control and secondary containment in accordance with CFC Section 8003.1.3 may be required for those amounts under the exempt quantities specified in CFC Section 8001.15 and Tables 8001.15-A through 8001.15-D if deemed necessary by the Fire Chief. 17.56.180 CFC Section 8001.15.1 Exempt Amounts. Storage, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding exempt amounts shall be in accordance with CFC Section 8001. At the discretion of the fire chief, hazardous materials present below the exempt amounts specified in CFC Section 8001.15 and Tables 8001.15-A through 8001.15-1) may be required to meet provisions found in CFC Section 8003.1. 17.56.182 CFC Section 8003.1.2 Hazardous Materials Signs. CFC Section 8003.1.2 is amended to read: Signs. Stationary aboveground containers and tanks shall be placarded and labeled in 02ord/chap 17-»fire/8/15/02 21 Ord.No.3571 accordance with CFC Section 8001.7 and Huntington Beach Fire Prevention Division Stationary Tank Hazard Identification Guidelines, rdfer to City Specification#423. 17.56.184 CFC Section 8003.1.5 Maximum Quantity_Hazardous Materials On Site. CFC Section 8003.1.5 is amended to read: Maximum Quantity On Site. The storage of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with local zoning regulations except as follows: No person shall use or store extremely hazardous substances within a residential zoned or any property developed for residential use. EXCEPTION: The use of fumigants,pesticides, or other regulated economic poisons, when used in accordance with nationally recognized standards by a State licensed contractor or the City and for which a permit has first been issued by the Fire Chief. 17.56.190 CFC Section 8004.1.1 Applicability. At the discretion of the fire chief, materials present below the exempt amounts set forth in CFC Section 8001.15 may be required to meet provisions stipulated in CFC Sections 8004.1.2 through 8004.4.3. 17.56.192 UFC Section 8004.1.9 Hazardous Materials Signs. Siens. In addition to the hazards identification signs required by UFC Section 8001.7, additional hazard identification and warning signs shall be provided as follows: Stationary containers and aboveground tanks shall be placarded and labeled in accordance with Huntington Beach Fire Prevention Division Stationary Tank Hazard Identification Guidelines, refer to City Specification 9423. 17.56.195 CFC Section 8102.10.2 High Piled Stock Aisle Width. CFC Section 8102.10.2 is amended to read as follows: During the stocking operation, a minimum exit width of fortyfour(44) inches shall be maintained. CFC Section 8102.10.2.1 to read as follows: 3.Exceptions: When cross aisles are provided the maxima n required width shall be fourteen (14) feet. 17.56.200 Adopt CFC Appendix IA AmendedLife safety requirements for existing buildings other than high rise. Section 1. GENERAL EXCEPTION: Group R, Division 1 (less than seven (7) units), Group U occupancies and occupancies regulated by Appendix 1B and Group R, Division 3 Occupancies, except that Group R, Division 3 Occupancies will comply with Section 6. 02ord/chap l 7-55 fire/8/l 5/02 22 Ord.No.3571 17.56.205 Adopt CFC Appendix II-C Amended Marinas. Section 2. PLANS AND APPROVALS GENERAL. Plans for marina fire-protection facilities shall be approved by the Fire Chief prior to installation. The completed work shall be subject to final inspection and approval after installation. Two (2) sets of plans shall be submitted to the Fire Department indicating: (a) The dock layout. (b) The location of wet standpipe outlets, accompanied by pipe schedules and hydraulic calculations. (c) Location of fire extinguisher cabinets. Section 6. FIREPROTECTION EQUIPMENT. All piers, wharves, floats with facilities for mooring or servicing five (5) or more vessels, and marine service stations shall be equipped with fire protection equipment as follows: (a)A vet standpipe system shall be installed on all docks, piers, wharves, or marine service stations that exceed one hundred (100) feet in length or are otherwise inaccessible from City fire hydrants.The wet standpipe system shall be capable of delivering two-hundred and fifty (250) gallons per minute at a residual pressure of fifty(50) PSI at the outlet. The outlet shall be a two- and-one-half(2 1/2) inch national standard thread Aith an approved,gate valve. Outlets shall be spaced at two hundred(200) foot intervals, in approved locations, preferably at point of public access. Outlets shall be installed so that they are readily visible, unobstructed and readily discernible as a piece of firefighting equipment. (b) Piers and wharves shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads and water supply systems with onsite fire hydrants as may be required by the fire chief. Such roads and water systems shall conform to CFC Article 10 of this code. (c) The wet standpipe system shall be provided with a Fire Department siamese connection which shall be located within five (5) feet of the nearest fire apparatus access roadway. (d) PORTABLE FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT. (1) A 4 -A, 4013:C fire extinguisher shall be located every one hundred and fifty(150) feet along the dock. The fire extinguisher shall be located in a standard fire extinguisher cabinet with a breakable glass front. The Cabinet shall have placards on both sides with the words 'FIRE EXTINGUISHER' and either have an additional placard on the front or shall be easily recognized from the front as a fire extinguisher cabinet. (2)The Fire Chief shall designate the type and number of all other fire appliances to be installed and maintained in each marina. 02ord/chap 17-55 fi re/8/15/02 2 3 Ord.No.3571 7. TRANSMISSION OF ALARMS. A means for transmitting alarms immediately to the Fire Department shall be available pursuant to the standards and specification of the Huntington Beach Fire Department. 17.56.210 Adopt CFC Appendix IIE AmendedHazardous Materials Management Plan and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. Section 1. Scope The Huntington Beach Municipal Code, Chapter 17.58 is incorporated herein by reference, and declared to be part of the Huntington Beach Fire Code as though set out in full herein. The intent of Appendix IIE and Municipal Code Chapter 17.58 is deemed to be substantially equivalent in intent. 17.56.220 Adopt CFC Appendix IIK AmendedAbove ground Tanks Appendix II-K Section 4.3 Tank Design - Size: Primary tanks shall not exceed a 2,200 gallons maximum tank, the aggregate gallonage per site shall be limited to 2,200 gallons. Quantities greater than 2,200 gallons aggregate shall be approved by the fire chief. Rest of Page Intentionally Left Blank 02ord/chap 17-»fire/&/15/02 24 Ord.No.3571 Table A-II-1 -Minimum Separation Requirements For NonProtected Aboveground Tanks MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM MINIMUM THE NEAREST SIDE DISTANCE FROM OF ANY PUBLIC PROPERTY LINE WAY OR FROM THE: WHICH CAN BE NEAREST ` BUILT UPON, IMPORTANT INCLUDING THE BUILDING ON THE MINIMUM INDIVIDUAL TANK OPPOSITE SIDE OF SAME PROPERTY DISTANCE CAPACITY A PUBLIC WAY Feet. BETWEEN TANKS . Feet(mm) mm Gallons (liters) ( ) Feet (mm.) Less than or equal to 15 (4572) 1 4 572 3 (914) 2,200 15 (4572) 15 (4572) — - - ---- 3 (914) SECTION 2. This ordinance shall become effective 30 days after its adoption. PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Huntington Beach at a regular meeting thereof held on the 16th day of September , 2002. Mayor ATTEST: 4XI APPROVED AS TO FORM: City Clerk o�-19• 1Z�j� City Attorney Q�I y�pZ REVIEWED AND APPROVED: INITIATED AND APPROV D: Q.�,C City ACninistrator )U" Fire Chie /Info Sys Director 25 02ord/chap 17-55 fire/8/14/02 Ord. No. 3571 STATE OF CALIFORNIA ) COUNTY OF ORANGE ) ss: CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH ) I, CONNIE BROCKWAY,the duly elected, qualified City Clerk of the City of Huntington Beach, and ex-officio Clerk of the City Council of said City, do hereby certify that the whole number of members of the City Council of the City of Huntington Beach is seven; that the foregoing ordinance was read to said City Council at a regular meeting thereof held on the 19th day of August,2002, and was again read to said City Council at a regular meeting thereof held on the 16th day of September, 2002, and was passed and adopted by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all the members of said City Council. AYES: Green,Dettloff, Boardman, Cook, Houchen, Winchell,Bauer NOES: None ABSENT: None ABSTAIN: None I,Connie Brockway,CITY CLERK of the City of Huntington Beach and ex-officio Clerk of the City Council,do hereby certify that a synopsis of this ordinance has been published in the Huntington Beach Fountain Valley Independent on 2002 In accordance with the City Charter of said City City Clerk and ex-officio 6lerk Connie Brockway, City Clerk of the City Council of the City Deputv City Clerk of Huntington Beach, California