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Uniform Mechanical Code 2000
µ , r . TM -' n k110 {i x # F t t " < I♦ Ion K z , litt, _ .: j r ; _ 5 0- E-�,�' s w a , Y- ` , - 4 , P a , , , � F AMERICA 777 } y. , jp{ ! � `• t`p "` 'L^-•. R.. ';':l ~'" y+'•`i k J _ "m-.v....:r%.. `�! _ ♦ �.z-�-.a:,,�s,^--e�..w--;,�" �;J i,a�.�?�s`Y"'�a«t a A • TM r �p111 l , if ° x° , , tt V - -'� ..,,.k `-�,��"�„--��``�at �• --�,-n� ..; ��� y„� a 1�:, ��.�,�fir,,, �ry ■ * f� �:. , WORLD PLUMBING I OUtVCI , .._ Member INFORMATION ABOUT THE COVER IAPMO and its industry partners have long promoted the benefits of industry developed codes and standards. With this issue, IAPMO and the Western Fire Chiefs Association (WFCA) introduces a new design for the Uniform Codes. The design ensures that Uniform Codes will have a distinctive and meaningful appearance. The new design contains various features that we hope will add to the value of these tried and tested codes. The "rainbow" is called the Uniform Code Spectrum and represents that the Uniform Code family will cover the entire spectrum of construction codes, all maintained under a cohesive umbrella and all providing for cross-representation and correlation between industry professionals and interested participants. The Uniform Code Spectrum extends onto the spine of the book and distinctively allows these books to be immediately located among hundreds of other titles. Each individual code has a distinctive color which will allow users through the years to find their own book among a shelf full of Uniform Codes. For example, the plumbing code is blue, the mechanical code is green and the fire code is red. This color is reflected both as the predominant background of the book and is also contained as one of the color bands in the spectrum. The Uniform Code cover also contains an embedded graphic which evokes scenes from the code professional's experience. This graphic is itself subdivided, with one portion being identical among all the Uniform Codes and another portion being unique to the particular code. Please join us in celebrating the new millennium by supporting the continued development and maintenance of the Uniform Codes. FAMILY OF CONSENSUS CODES At IAPMO's 70th Annual Education and Business Conference, held in Washington, DC, the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials and the National Fire Protection Association executed an historic agreement. This agreement will provide for an integrated family of consensus codes to be published and maintained by IAPMO and NFPA for use in all sectors of the construction industry including, but not limited to plumbing, mechanical, fire, electrical and life safety. These codes will be developed and maintained to protect our world community from harmful diseases passed by unsanitary conditions. This agreement signifies a commitment by IAPMO and NFPA to ensure the safe installation of systems to protect our nations citizens. In national and international arenas, both IAPMO and NFPA will work side-by-side to promote the most inclusive and globally respected codes for all mankind. This family of integrated consensus codes will be available with the printing of the 2003 editions. `?4�pNpT\ONAL ASSpC�gT'� O lG.�UNIFORM FOUNDED 1926MECHANICAL fj4` O/N04 MECK06CCODE ��O TM on Tn- a 2000 EDITION I EFS qSs n TM 4.4 z D o� Tm AssoCI�� I TA Adopted at the Seventieth Annual Conference September, 1999 S.Kj INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PLUMBING AND • MECHANICAL OFFICIAL$ ��GINEEg��� A Nonprofit Association REVISION MARKINGS Code changes from the 1997 edition are marked in the margins as follows. An arrow denotes a deletion A vertical line denotes a change FReprinted with permission from NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, Copyright A ©1996, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02269. This reprinted N material is not the complete and official position of the National Fire Protection F Association, on the referenced subject which is represented only by the standard in P A its entirety. Copyright©1999 by INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PLUMBING AND MECHANICAL OFFICIALS All Rights Reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or recorded in any form or by any means, except as may be expressly permitted in writing by the publisher. First Printing, November 1999 Second Printing, September 2001 Third Printing, May 2002 Fourth Printing, October 2002 ISSN 1081-0021 Published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials 20001 E.Walnut Drive South, Walnut, CA, 91789-2825 Notice: Jurisdictions adopting by law or by reference any part of the Uniform Mechanical Code are requested to please notify IAPMO at 20001 E.Walnut Drive South, Walnut, CA, 91789-2825.Thank you for your cooperation. FOREWORD The Uniform Mechanical Code TM (UMCTM) provides the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the complete requirements for the installation and United States and Canada (UA), and the Western maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling and Fire Chiefs Association (WFCA) have endorsed refrigeration systems, while at the same time, allowing- the use of the UMC as the national mechanical latitude for innovation and new technologies. code for use in this county and internationally. This code was first published in 1967. Changes to IAPMO and the National Fire Protection the code are processed each year. The users of the Association (NFPA) announced at the September, UMC are continuously encouraged to update and to 1999 IAPMO Conference they will work jointly to submit changes to improve the code. Amendments develop IAPMO codes and standards using the adopted by the IAPMO membership are incorporated NFPA/ANSI consensus model. The 2003 edition of into the code, which is published every three years. It is the IAPMO UPC and UMC will be coordinated and this process that keeps the code current with the latest harmonized with all NFPA Standards. technological advances in the industry. This, the 2000 The membership of the aforementioned edition, reflects the results of over 30 years experience associations are composed of representatives of from the time of the first edition. For more information, all facets of the mechanical industry. They include contact the International Association of Plumbing and mechanical contractors, installers, inspectors, Mechanical Officials. building officials, engineers, architects, designers, The advantages of a Uniform Mechanical Code manufacturers, wholesalers and consumers. adopted by various local jurisdictions have long been The 2000 Uniform Mechanical Code is recognized. The widespread use of this code over the sponsored by ASSE, NAPHCC, MCAA, UA and past three decades by jurisdictions throughout the WFCA. The presence of these logos, while United States is testimony to its merit. reflecting support, does not imply any ownership of The Uniform Mechanical Code is dedicated to all the copyright to the UMC which is held exclusively those who, in working to achieve "the ultimate by IAPMO. The ASSE "service mark and logo" on mechanical code," have unselfishly devoted their time, the cover of this document indicates ASSE's effort, and personal funds to create and maintain this, support of the voluntary, open, consensus process the finest mechanical code in existence. being used by IAPMO and NFPA to develop their With the publication of the 1997 edition of the codes and standards. UMC, a significant milestone has been reached. For the The addresses of endorsers and sponsors are first time in history, a mechanical code has been as follows: created which is the result of a collaboration of industry- ASSE-28901 Clemens Road, Suite 100, wide entities. The National Association of Plumbing- Westlake, Ohio 44145, 440-835-3040. Heating-Cooling Contractors (NAPHCC) and the NAPHCC—P.O. Box 6808, Falls Church, Virginia Mechanical Contractors Association of America 22046, 800-533-7694. (MCAA)joined forces in creating an industry consensus NFPA-1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, committee to review proposals, hear comments and Massachusetts 02269,617-770-3000. make recommendations to the IAPMO membership MCAA-1385 Piccard Drive, Rockville, Maryland about code changes. 20850, 301-869-5800. With the publication of this 2000 edition of the UA — 901 Massachusetts Avenue NW, UMC another significant milestone has been reached. Washington D.C.20001,202-628-5823 The American Society of Sanitary Engineers (ASSE), WFCA-300 North Main Street, Suite 25, Fallbrook, United Association of Journeyman and Apprentices of California 92028, 760-723-6911. iii CONTENTS Page Foreword................................................................................................................................................................. ....III Related Publications and Services.............................................................................................................................ix Membershipin IAPMO ..............................................................................................................................................xi Organizationof IAPMO...............................................................................................................................................xi UMCCode Change Cycle..........................................................................................................................................A Howto Contact IAPMO..............................................................................................................................................xi Sample Ordinance for Adopting the UMC Chapter 1 -Administration Part I-General Section101.0 Title .........................................................................................................................................1 Section102.0 Purpose...................................................................................................................................1 Section103.0 Scope......................................................................................................................................1 Section 104.0 . Application to Existing Mechanical Systems...........................................................................1 Section 105.0 Alternate Materials and Methods of Construction...................................................................2 Section106.0 Modifications...........................................................................................................................2 Section107.0 Tests.......................................................................................................................................2 Part II-Organization and Enforcement Section 108.0 Powers and Duties of the Administrative Authority.................................................................2 Section109.0 Unsafe Equipment...................................................................................................................3 Section110.0 Board of Appeals.....................................................................................................................4 Section111.0 Violations.................................................................................................................................4 Part III-Permits and Inspections Section112.0 Permits....................................................................................................................................4 Section 113.0 Application for Permit..............................................................................................................4 Section114.0 Permit Issuance......................................................................................................................5 Section115.0 Fees........................................................................................................................................6 Section116.0 Inspections..............................................................................................................................6 Section 117.0 Connection Approval...............................................................................................................7 Table1-1 Mechanical Permit Fees..........................................................................................................8 Chapter 2-Definitions Section201.0 General .................................................................................................................................11 Section202.0 Accepted Meanings...............................................................................................................11 Section203.0 -A-through-Z........................................................................................................................11 through 228.0 Chapter 3-General Requirements Section301.0 Scope....................................................................................................................................23 Section302.0 Approval................................................................................................................................23 Section 303.0 Type of Fuel and Fuel Connections......................................................................................23 Section304.0 Installation.............................................................................................................................24 Section305.0 Access...................................................................................................................................24 Section 306.0 Automatic Control Devices....................................................................................................24 Section307.0 Labeling.................................................................................................................................25 Section308.0 Location.................................................................................................................................25 Section 309.0 Electrical Connections...........................................................................................................26 Section 310.0 Condensate Wastes and Control..........................................................................................26 Section 311.0 Personnel Protection.............................................................................................................26 Section312.0 Air Filters...............................................................................................................................26 Table 3-1 Standard Installation Clearance in Inches for Unlisted Heat-Producing Appliances..............27 Table 3-2 Clearances, in Inches,with Specified Forms of Protection...................................................29 Figure 3-1 Extent of Protection Required to Reduce Clearances From Appliance, Chimney or Vent Connectors................................................................................................29 Table 3-3 Chimney Connector and Vent Connector Clearances From Combustible Materials..............30 Table 3-4 Capacities of Listed Metal Appliance Connectors(gas pressures 8-inch or more water column[1.99-kPa]).........................................................................................31 Table 3-5 Capacities of Listed Metal Appliance Connectors(gas pressures less than 8-inch water column[1.99-kPa]) ...........................................................................................31 iv Chapter 4-Ventilation Air Supply Section401.0 General .................................................................................................................................33 Part I-Ventilation Air Section402.0 Makeup Air............................................................................................................................33 Part II-Evaporative Cooling Systems Section403.0 General .................................................................................................................................33 Section404.0 Location.................................................................................................................................33 Section 405.0 Access, Inspection and Repair..............................................................................................33 Section406.0 Installation.............................................................................................................................33 Chapter 5-Exhaust Systems Section501.0 Scope........................:...........................................................................................................35 Part I-Environmental Air Ducts and Product Conveying Systems Section502.0 Definitions .............................................................................................................................35 Section 503.0 Motors, Fans and Filters.......................................................................................................35 Section 504.0 Environmental Air Ducts........................................................................................................35 Section 505.0 Design of Product-Conveying Ventilation Systems...............................................................36 Table 5-1 Minimum Conveying Velocities.............................................................................................37 Section 506.0 Product Conveying Ducts......................................................................................................37 Part II-Commercial Hoods and Kitchen Ventilation Section507.0 Definitions.............................................................................................................................39 Section 508.0 Kitchen Ventilation Systems..................................................................................................39 Section509.0 Hoods....................................................................................................................................41 Table 5-2 Minimum Distance Between the Lowest Edge of a Grease Filter and the Cookingor Heating Surface..................................................................................................41 Section 510.0 Motors, Fans and Safety Devices.........................................................................................43 Chapter 6-Duct Systems Section601.0 Scope....................................................................................................................................45 Section602.0 Materials................................................................................................................................45 Section 603.0 Quality of Materials ...............................................................................................................46 Section 604.0 Installation of Ducts...............................................................................................................46 Section 605.0 Insulation of Ducts.................................................................................................................47 Section 606.0 Smoke Dampers,Fire Dampers and Ceiling Dampers............................................................47 Section 607.0 Ventilating Ceilings................................................................................................................48 Section 608.0 Use of Under-Floor Space as Supply Plenum ......................................................................48 Section 609.0 Automatic Shutoffs................................................................................................................48 Section 610.0 Product-Conveying Ducts .....................................................................................................49 Table 6-1 Construction Details for Rectangular Sheet Metal Ducts for Static Air Pressures up to 2 Inches WC(498 Pa)...........................................................................51 Table 6-2 Construction Details for Round and Flat-Oval Ducts............................................................52 Table 6-3 Thickness of Metal Ducts and Plenums Used for Heating or Cooling for a SingleDwelling Unit..............................................................................................................52 Table 6-4 Insulation of Ducts.................................................................................................................53 Table6-5 Duct Support.........................................................................................................................54 Table 6-6 Alternate Supports for Factory-Made Air Ducts ....................................................................55 Table 6-7 Minimum Sheet Metal Thickness for Round Ducts for Product-Conveying SystemDucts........................................................................................................................55 Table 6-8 Minimum Sheet Metal Thickness for Rectangular Ducts ......................................................56 Chapter 7-Combustion Air Section701.0 General .................................................................................................................................57 Section 702.0 Combustion Air Openings.....................................................................................................57 Section 703.0 Sources of Combustion Air...................................................................................................57 Section 704.0 Combustion Air Ducts ...........................................................................................................58 Section 705.0 Gravity-Type Warm-Air Furnaces..........................................................................................58 Section 706.0 Special Conditions Created by Mechanical Exhausting or Fireplaces..................................58 Section 707.0 Area of Combustion Air Openings.........................................................................................58 Table 7-1 Size of Combustion-Air Openings or Ducts...........................................................................59 Chapter 8-Chimneys and Vents Section801.0 General .................................................................................................................................61 Section 802.0 Type of Venting Systems Required.......................................................................................61 v Section 803.0 Installation and Construction Requirements.........................................................................61 Section 804.0 Location and Support of Venting Systems Other than Masonry Chimneys..........................62 Section 805.0 Length, Pitch and Clearances...............................................................................................62 Section 806.0 Vent Termination...................................................................................................................62 Table 8-1 Minimum Height from Roof to Lowest Discharge Opening...................................................62 Section 807.0 Vents for Wall Furnaces Requiring a Type BW Gas Vent.....................................................63 Section 808.0 Size of Gravity Venting System.............................................................................................63 Section 809.0 Multiple-Appliance Venting Systems.....................................................................................64 Section 810.0 Existing Venting Systems......................................................................................................64 Section811.0 Draft Hoods...........................................................................................................................64 Section812.0 Types of Chimneys...............................................................................................................64 Section813.0 'Masonry Chimneys...............................................................................................................64 Section814.0 Metal Chimneys....................................................................................................................65 Section815.0 Connectors............................................................................................................................67 Section 816.0 Mechanical Draft Systems....................................................................................................70 Section 817.0 Venting through Ventilating Hoods and Exhaust Systems....................................................70 Table 8-2 Chimney Selection Chart......................................................................................................71 Table8-3 Vent Selection Chart.............................................................................................................72 Table 8-4 Construction,Clearance and Termination Requirements for Unlisted Single-Wall Metal Chimneys.................................................................................................72 Table 8-5 Chimney Connector Systems and Clearances from Room Wall Combustibles for Residential Heating Appliances.......................................................................................73 Chapter 9-Special Fuel-Burning and Energy-Utilizing Equipment Section901.0 Scope....................................................................................................................................75 Part I-Warm-Air Heating Systems Section902.0 General .................................................................................................................................75 Section903.0 Access...................................................................................................................................75 Section 904.0 Prohibited Installations..........................................................................................................75 Section905.0 Installation.............................................................................................................................76 Section 906.0 Return and Outside Air..........................................................................................................76 Section907.0 Air Supply..............................................................................................................................77 Section 908.0 Attic Furnaces(Upright and Horizontal)................................................................................77 Section 909.0 Warm-Air Furnaces Located in Under-Floor Spaces...............................................................78 Section 910.0 Furnaces Installed on Roofs or Exterior Walls of Buildings..................................................78 Part II-Vented Decorative Appliances, Floor Furnaces, Vented Wall Furnaces, Unit Heaters and Room Heaters Section911.0 General .................................................................................................................................79 Section 912.0 Vented Decorative Appliances..............................................................................................79 Section913.0 Floor Furnaces...................................:..................................................................................80 Section 914.0 Vented Wall Furnaces...........................................................................................................80 Section915.0 Unit Heaters..........................................................................................................................80 Section916.0 Room Heaters.......................................................................................................................81 Part III-Miscellaneous Heat-Producing Appliances Section917.0 Ranges..................................................................................................................................82 Section 918.0 Open-Top Broiler Units .........................................................................................................82 Section 919.0 Direct Gas-Fired Makeup Air Heaters and Industrial Air Heaters..........................................82 Section 920.0 Small Ceramic Kilns..............................................................................................................83 Part IV-Incinerators Section921.0 General .................................................................................................................................83 Section922.0 Small Domestic Type............................................................................................................83 Section 923.0 Incinerators Using the Flue as a Refuse Chute ....................................................................84 Section 924.0 Commercial and Industrial Types..........................................................................................84 Section925.0 Other Types..........................................................................................................................85 Chapter 10-Steam and Hot Water Boilers Section1001.0 Purpose.................................................................................................................................87 Section1002.0 Scope....................................................................................................................................87 Section1003.0 Workmanship........................................................................................................................87 Section1004.0 Definitions.............................................................................................................................87 Section1005.0 Permit Required....................................................................................................................88 Section 1006.0 Detailed Requirements..........................................................................................................88 Section1007.0 Expansion Tanks...................................................................................................................88 vi Section 1008.0 Safety or Relief Valve Discharge..........................................................................................89 Section 1009.0 Shutoff Valves.......................................................................................................................89 Section 1010.0 Gas-Pressure Regulators......................................................................................................89 Section 1011.0 Low-Water Cutoff..................................................................................................................89 Section 1012.0 Combustion Regulators-Safety Valves...............................................................................89 Section 1013.0 Automatic Boilers..................................................................................................................89 Section 1014.0 Clearance for Access............................................................................................................89 Section 1015.0 Boiler Rooms and Enclosures...............................................................................................90 Section1016.0 Mounting ...............................................................................................................................90 Section1017.0 Floors....................................................................................................................................90 Section 1018.0 Chimneys or Vents................................................................................................................90 Section1019.0 Drainage................................................................................................................................90 Section1020.0 Fuel Piping............................................................................................................................90 Section 1021.0 Air for Combustion and Ventilation........................................................................................90 Section 1022.0 Operating Adjustments and Instructions...............................................................................90 Section 1023.0 Inspections and Tests...........................................................................................................90 Section1024.0 Operating Permit...................................................................................................................91 Section 1025.0 Maintenance Inspection........................................................................................................91 Section 1026.0 Operation and Maintenance of Boilers and Pressure Vessels..............................................91 Table 10-1 Expansion Tank Capacities for Gravity Hot-Water Systems.................................................92 Table 10-2 Expansion Tank Capacities for Force Hot-Water Systems...................................................92 Table 10-3 Controls and Limit Devices for Automatic Boilers.................................................................93 Chapter 11 -Refrigeration 'Section 1101.0 Scope....................................................................................................................................95 Part I-Refrigeration Systems Section1102.0 Refrigerants...........................................................................................................................95 Section 1103.0 Refrigerant Classification ......................................................................................................95 Section 1104.0 Classification of Refrigerating Systems.................................................................................95 Section 1105.0 Requirements for Refrigerant and Refrigerating System Use...............................................95 Section 1106.0 General Requirements..........................................................................................................96 Section 1107.0 Refrigeration Machinery Rooms............................................................................................97 Section 1108.0 Refrigeration Machinery Room Ventilation............................................................................98 Section 1109.0 Refrigeration Machinery Room Equipment and Controls......................................................99 Section 1110.0 Refrigerant Piping,Containers and Valves...........................................................................99 Section 1111.0 Erection of Refrigerant Piping...............................................................................................99 Section 1112.0 Refrigerant Control Valves..................................................................................................100 Section 1113.0 Pressure-Limiting Devices..................................................................................................100 Section 1114.0 Pressure-Relief Devices......................................................................................................101 Section 1115.0 Pressure-Relief Device Settings .........................................................................................101 Section 1116.0 Marking of Pressure-Relief Devices....................................................................................101 Section 1117.0 Over-Pressure Protection....................................................................................................101 Section 1118.0 Discharge Piping.................................................................................................................102 Section 1119.0 Special Discharge Requirement..........................................................................................103 Section 1120.0 Ammonia Discharge............................................................................................................103 Section 1121.0 Detection and Alarm Systems.............................................................................................103 Section 1122.0 Equipment Identification......................................................................................................104 Section 1123.0 Testing of Refrigeration Equipment.....................................................................................104 Section 1124.0 Maintenance and Operation................................................................................................104 Section1125.0 Storage................................................................................................................................104 Table 11-1 Refrigerant Groups, Properties and Allowable Quantities....................................................105 Table 11-2 Permissible Refrigeration Systems.....................................................................................106 Table 11-3 Value of ffor Equation.........................................................................................................106 Table 11-4 Field Leak Test Pressures in psig(kPa) .............................................................................107 Part 11-Cooling Towers Section1126.0 General ...........................:...................................................................................................107 Section 1127.0 Support and Anchorage......................................................................................................107 Section1128.0 Water Supply.......................................................................................................................107 Section1129.0 Drainage..............................................................................................................................107 Section 1130.0 Chemical Treatment Systems.............................................................................................107 Section1131.0 Location...............................................................................................................................107 Section1132.0 Electrical..............................................................................................................................107 Section 1133.0 Refrigerants and Hazardous Fluids.....................................................................................107 vii Chapter 12—Hydronics Part 1—Steam and Water Piping Section1201.0 . Scope..................................................................................................................................109 Part II—Hydronic Panel Heating Systems Section1202.0 Scope..................................................................................................................................115 Section1203.0 Installation...........................................................................................................................115 Section 1204.0 Piping Materials...................................................................................................................115 Section1205.0 Piping Joints........................................................................................................................115 Section1206.0 Heat Sources ......................................................................................................................116 Section1207.0 Testing ................................................................................................................................116 Chapter13—Fuel Gas Piping ..............................................................................................................................117 Chapter 14—Process Piping Section1401.0 General ...............................................................................................................................119 Section1402.0 Definitions ...........................................................................................................................119 Section1403.0 Permit..................................................................................................................................119 Section 1404.0 Plans Required....................................................................................................................119 Section1405.0 Workmanship......................................................................................................................119 Section1406.0 Inspections..........................................................................................................................119 Section1407.0 Piping and Tubins ...............................................................................................................120 Chapter15=Solar Systems.................................................................................................................................123 Chapter 16—Standards Section1601.0 Scope..................................................................................................................................125 Part I—Standards Adopted as Part of this Code........................................................................................125 PartII—Referenced Standards.....................................................................................................................125 APPENDIX A Uniform Mechanical Code Standards No. 2-2 Galvanized Sheet Metals...........................................................................................................131 No.6-2 Standard for Metal Ducts..............................................:.............................................................133 No.6-3 Test Method for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Electrical Cable and PlasticSprinkler Pipe .................................................................................................................151 No. 6-5 Standard for Installation of Factory-Made Air Ducts......................................................................159 No. 11-1 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals..........................183 No. 11-2 Methods for System Identification..............................................................................................189 No. 11-3 Wrought-Steel and Wrought-Iron ...............................................................................................191 Uniform Fire Code Standard No.2-2 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester..........................................................................197 APPENDIX B --p- Chapter 10 Moved to Chapter 10 within the body of the Code.....................................................................199 --0- Chapter 12 Moved to Chapter 12 within the body of the Code.....................................................................201 Chapter 13 Fuel Gas Piping Part I—Chapter 12 from the Uniform Plumbing Code..............................................................203 Part II—Mobile Home Park Fuel Gas Equipment and Installation............................................222 —► Chapter 14 Moved to Chapter 14 within the body of the Code.....................................................................225 IChapter 15 Installation and Testing of Gas or Fuel Fired Equipment.....................................................227 Chapter 16 Installation and Testing of Oil(Liquid) Fuel-Fired Equipment.............................................235 APPENDIX C Chapter 8 Sizing of Venting Systems Serving Appliances Equipped with Draft Hoods and Appliances Listed for Use with Type B Vents................................................................243 APPENDIX D UnitConversion Tables...........................................................................................................................................263 Approximate Minimum Thickness for Carbon Sheet Steel Corresponding to Manufacturer's Standard Gage and Galvanized Sheet Gage Numbers..........................................................................................267 Index.......................................................................................................................................................................269 viii RELATED PUBLICATIONS AND SERVICES IAPMO provides a variety of other products which are useful for inspectors, building officials, architects, engineers, manufacturers, mechanical installers, plumbers, and apprentices. IAPMO ORDER DESK 20001 WALNUT DRIVE SOUTH WALNUT, CA 91789-2825 PHONE: 909-595-8449,FAx: 909-594-3690 FOR PUBLICATIONS ORDERS: 800-85-IAPMO Uniform Mechanical Code The Uniform Mechanical Code contains complete requirements for the installation and maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling, and refrigeration systems. Uniform Mechanical Code Study Guide: Similar in design to the Uniform Plumbing Code Study Guide, the Uniform Mechanical Code Study Guide covers all aspects of the UMC in detail. Handbook to the Uniform Mechanical Code An indispensable tool for understanding the provisions of the Uniform Mechanical Code. Uniform Plumbing Code: The Uniform Plumbing Code is the most widely used model plumbing code in the world. Published every three years, it covers all aspects of plumbing, including requirements for water piping, DWV systems, indirect waste systems, private waste disposal systems,gas piping,water heaters, and installation standards. Uniform Plumbing Code—Spanish Edition: This UPC will assist the Spanish-speaking community in its utilization of the most widely adopted plumbing code in the world. The UPC was translated in response to numerous requests from jurisdictions throughout the US with large Spanish-speaking populations. Uniform Plumbing Code on CD Rom: With this CD, the Code is fully indexed and searchable, making it easy to get to the critical information you need without leafing through bulky books or dealing with torn pages. Uniform Plumbing Code Interpretations Manual: This increasingly popular manual is the result of ongoing work by IAPMO's Code Interpretations Committee. Updated annually, it contains hundreds of questions and answers. Many of these questions arise in the daily administration and enforcement of the code. Interpretation requests are accepted from active IAPMO members. Interpretation Request Forms are available in Official magazine or from IAPMO. Uniform Plumbing Code Illustrated Training Manual: The UPC Illustrated Training Manual is an excellent reference for anyone involved in the plumbing industry. It has an extensive definitions section and several hundred comprehensive technical diagrams and illustrations. It serves as a textbook, and it also is useful as a valuable tool for explaining the intent and use of the Code. Uniform Plumbing Code Study Guide: This book is the perfect complement to the UPC Illustrated Training Manual.Alone, it constitutes a complete chapter-by-chapter self-study course for learning the UPC. It has hundreds of questions, general practice exams, a section on plumbing math, numerous pipe sizing exercises, and a section on fitting identification. The questions and answers in the UPC Study Guide are kept current by IAPMO's Education Committee. Dwelling Requirements of the Uniform Plumbing Code: This books contains the UPC requirements which apply to one and two family dwellings only. Its illustrations and photographs make it especially useful for combination dwelling inspectors and the do-it-yourselfer. ix Cumulative Analysis of Uniform Plumbing Code Changes: An excellent reference for learning and understanding plumbing code changes adopted at the Annual Education and Business Conferences. It is also useful for parties preparing proposed code changes. Uniform Solar Energy Code: Provides a complete set of regulations for the use of solar energy in both plumbing and mechanical systems. Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa,and Hot Tub Code: Contains complete and current guidelines for piping systems serving these increasingly popular amenities. IAPMO Installation Standards: IAPMO standards committees have formulated installation standards for a wide variety of commonly used plumbing materials and systems. The IAPMO installation standards are included after the text of the Uniform Plumbing Code. Separate printed copies are also available. Material and Property Standards: Although IAPMO does not generally develop material and property standards, when it becomes apparent that necessary standards are nonexistent, IAPMO has exercised leadership by developing them. IAPMO's standards are always subject to modifications and improvements, and are withdrawn when acceptable nationally-recognized consensus standards are formulated. Manufactured Home and Recreational Vehicle Standards: Similar to the material and property standards, IAPMO has developed a number of standards for specialty products used in manufactured homes and recreational vehicles. These standards are available individually, or they may be purchased as a set. ANSI Z 124 Standards: These standards are written to specifically address a variety of plastic plumbing fixtures and components. They are available individually, or may be grouped for quantity discounts. Directory of Listed Plumbing Products: The IAPMO R&T Listing Program was primarily created to benefit the building and plumbing officials in the growing number of jurisdictions that adopt and use the UPC. For a product to be listed by IAPMO R&T, it must be found to be in conformance with an accepted standard or criteria and must not be in conflict with the UPC. IAPMO R&T administers a listing compliance program with unannounced inspections of manufacturing facilities, conducted to verify compliance with listing requirements. This directory contains information on several thousand IAPMO R&T listed plumbing products and is updated monthly. Directory of Listed Plumbing Products for Manufactured Housing and Recreational Vehicles: This directory contains information on several hundred IAPMO R&T listed plumbing products used in manufactured housing and recreational vehicles and is updated bi-monthly. Official Magazine: IAPMO's bimonthly publication features informative articles on plumbing, local chapter proceedings and events, and plumbing industry updates.All IAPMO members receive a free subscription. Drain Waste and Vent Calculator: This calculator provides quick and simple access to the fixture unit and sizing tables of Chapter 7 of the UPC. Water Sizing Calculator: Sizing water systems becomes a much simpler task with the use of this handy calculator. Natural Gas Pipe Sizing Calculator: Designed for systems with a supply pressure of six to eight inches of water column, all pipe capacities are given in cubic feet per hour. x Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the 2000 Uniform Mechanical Code Ordinance No. An ordinance of the ('urisdiction) adopting the 2000 edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC), regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of any heating, ventilating, cooling, or refrigeration systems, incinerators, or other systems and miscellaneous heat-producing appliances in the (jurisdiction) ;providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefore; repealing Ordinance No. of the (jurisdiction) and all other ordinances and parts of the ordinances in conflict therewith. The (governing body) of the (jurisdiction) does ordain as follows: Section 1.That certain documents, three (3)copies of which are on file in the office of the (jurisdiction's keeper of records) and the (jurisdiction) , being marked and designated as "Uniform Mechanical Code," including Appendix A, (Fill in the applicable appendix chapters. See UMC Section 103.0, paragraphs 4-6.) published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, be and is hereby adopted as the code of the (jurisdiction) for regulating the design, construction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling, or refrigeration systems, incinerators, or other miscellaneous systems and heat-producing appliances in the (jurisdiction) providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefore; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, conditions and terms of such"Uniform Mechanical Code", 2000 edition, published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, on file in the office of the (*urisdiction) are hereby referred to, adopted and made a part hereof as if fully set out in this ordinance. Section 2. (Incorporate penalties for violations. See Section 111.0.) Section 3. That Ordinance No. _of (jurisdiction) entitled (fill in here the complete title of the mechanical ordinance or ordinances in effect at the present time so that they will be repealed by definite mention)and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Section 4.That if any section,subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The (governing body) hereby declares that it would have passed this ordinance, each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional. Section 5. That the (iurisdiction's keeper of records)is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published. (An additional provision may be required to direct the number of times the ordinance is to be published and to specify that it is to be in a newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be required.) Section 6. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect (time period) from and after the date of its final passage and adoption. xii CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION Part 1—General 104.0 Application to Existing Mechanical 101.0 Title Systems These regulations shall be known as the "Uniform 104.1 Additions, Alterations or Repairs. Mechanical Code,"may be cited as such,and will be Additions,alterations or repairs may be made to any referred to herein as"this code." mechanical system without requiring the existing mechanical system to comply with all the requirements of this code, provided the addition, 102.0 Purpose alteration or repair conforms to that required for a The purpose of this code is to provide minimum new mechanical system. Additions, alterations or standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property repairs shall not cause an existing system to become and public welfare by regulating and controlling the unsafe,create unhealthy or overloaded conditions. design, construction, installation, quality of Minor additions, alterations and repairs to materials, location, operation, and maintenance or existing mechanical systems may be installed in use of heating, ventilating, cooling, refrigeration accordance with the law in effect at the time the systems, incinerators and other miscellaneous original installation was made, when approved by heat-producing appliances within this jurisdiction. the Administrative Authority. The purpose of this code is not to create or 104.2 Existing Installations. Mechanical systems otherwise establish or designate any particular class lawfully in existence at the time of the adoption of or group of persons who will or should be especially this code may have their use, maintenance or repair protected or benefited by the terms of this code. continued if the use, maintenance or repair is in accordance with the original design and location and 103.0 Scope no hazard to life,health or property has been created The provisions of this code shall apply to the by such mechanical system. erection, installation, alteration, repair, relocation, 104.3 Changes in Building Occupancy. replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of any Mechanical systems which are a part of any building heating, ventilating, cooling, refrigeration systems, or structure undergoing a change in use or incinerators or other miscellaneous heat-producing occupancy, as defined in the Building Code, shall appliances within this jurisdiction. comply with all requirements of this code which may Additions, alterations, repairs and replacement be applicable to the new use or occupancy. of equipment or systems shall comply with the 104.4 Maintenance. All mechanical systems, provisions for new equipment and systems, except materials and appurtenances,both existing and new, as otherwise provided in Section 104.0 of this code. and all parts thereof shall be maintained,in proper Where, in any specific case, different sections of operating condition in accordance with the original this code specify different materials, methods of design and in a safe and hazard-free condition. All construction or other requirements,the most restrictive devices or safeguards which are required by this shall govern. Where there is a conflict between a code shall be maintained in conformance with the general requirement and a specific requirement, the code edition under which installed.The owner or the specific requirement shall be applicable. owner's designated agent shall be responsible for The design and testing of equipment regulated maintenance of mechanical systems and equipment. by this code shall be subject to the approval of the To determine compliance with this subsection, the Administrative Authority. Administrative Authority may cause a mechanical The standards contained in Appendix A shall be system or equipment to be reinspected. considered as part of this code. Appendix B contains 104.5 Moved Buildings. Mechanical systems or recommended practices which shall not apply unless equipment which are a part of buildings or specifically adopted. Appendix C contains gas structures moved into or within this jurisdiction venting tables and is intended to serve only as a shall comply with the provisions of this code for new guide. Appendix D contains conversion tables and a installations. table for determining the approximate minimum thickness for carbon sheet metal. 1 105.0— 108.3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 105.0 Alternate Materials and Methods of methods, the Administrative Authority may require Construction tests as evidence of compliance to be made at no The provisions of this code are not intended to expense to the jurisdiction. prevent the use of any material or method of Test methods shall be as specified in this code or construction not specifically prescribed by this code, by other recognized test standards. In the absence of provided any such alternate has been approved and recognized and accepted test methods, the the use authorized by the Administrative Authority. Administrative Authority shall specify the testing However, the exercise of this discretionary procedures. approval by the Administrative Authority shall have All tests shall be performed by an approved no effect beyond the jurisdictional boundaries of said agency. Reports of tests shall be retained by the Administrative Authority. Any alternate material or Administrative Authority for the period required for method of construction so approved shall not be retention of public records. considered as conforming to the requirements and/or intent of this Code for any purpose other Part II—Organization and Enforcement than installation or use within the jurisdiction granting the exception. The Administrative Authority may authorize 108.0 Powers and Duties of the Administrative any alternate, provided the Administrative Authority Authority finds the proposed design is satisfactory 108.1 General. The Administrative Authority is for the intended use and complies with the hereby authorized and directed to enforce all the provisions of this code and that the material,method provisions of this code. For such purposes the or work offered is, for the purpose intended,at least Administrative Authority shall have the powers of a equivalent to that prescribed by this code in law enforcement officer. suitability, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, The Administrative Authority shall have the durability and safety. power to render interpretations of this code and to The Administrative Authority shall require adopt and enforce rules and regulations sufficient evidence or proof be submitted to supplemental to this code as may be deemed substantiate any claims made regarding the use of necessary in order to clarify the application of the alternates. The details of any action granting provisions of this code. Such interpretations, rules approval of an alternate shall be recorded and shall and regulations shall be in conformity with the be entered in the files of the code enforcement intent and purpose of this code. agency. 108.2 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures and with the approval of the appointing 106.0 Modifications authority,the Administrative Authority may appoint Whenever there are practical difficulties involved in such number of technical officers and inspectors and carrying out the provisions of this code, the other employees as shall be authorized from time to Administrative Authority may grant modifications time. The Administrative Authority may deputize for individual cases. The Administrative Authority such inspectors or employees as may be necessary to shall first find that a special individual reason makes carry out the functions of the code enforcement the strict letter of this code impractical, the agency. modification is in conformity with the intent and 108.3 Right of Entry.When it is necessary to make purpose of this code and that such modification does an inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, not lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. or when the Administrative Authority has The details of actions granting modifications shall be reasonable cause to believe that there exists in a recorded and entered in the files of the code building or upon a premises a condition which is enforcement agency. contrary to or in violation of this code which makes the building or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the Administrative Authority may enter 107.0 Tests the building or premises at reasonable times to Whenever there is insufficient evidence of inspect or to perform the duties imposed by this compliance with the provisions of this code, or code, provided that if such building or premises be evidence that a material or method does not conform occupied that credentials be presented to the to the requirements of this code, or in order to occupant and entry requested. If such building or substantiate claims for alternate materials or premises be unoccupied, the Administrative 2 ADMINISTRATION 108.3-109.0 Authority shall first make a reasonable effort to been disconnected or ordered to be disconnected by locate the owner or other person having charge or the Administrative Authority or the use of which has control of the building or premises and request been ordered to be discontinued by the entry. If entry is refused, the Administrative Administrative Authority until the Administrative Authority shall have recourse to the remedies Authority authorizes the reconnection and use of provided by law to secure entry. such equipment. 108.4 Stop Orders. When any work is being done 108.8 Liability. The Administrative Authority contrary to the provisions of this code, the charged with the enforcement of this code acting in Administrative Authority may order the work good faith and without malice in the discharge of the stopped by notice in writing served on any persons duties required by this code or other pertinent law or engaged in the doing or causing such work to be ordinance shall not thereby be rendered personally done, and such persons shall forthwith stop work liable for damages that may accrue to persons or until authorized by the Administrative Authority to property as a result of an act or by reason of an act or proceed with the work. omission in the discharge of such duties. A suit 108.5 Authority to Disconnect Utilities in brought against the Administrative Authority or Emergencies. The Administrative Authority or the employee because of such act or omission performed Administrative Authority's authorized by the Administrative Authority or employee in the representative shall have the authority to disconnect enforcement of any provision of such codes or other fuel gas utility service, or energy supplies to a pertinent laws or ordinances implemented through building,structure,premises or equipment regulated the enforcement of this code or enforced by the code by this code in case of emergency where necessary to enforcement agency shall be defended by this eliminate an immediate hazard to life or property. jurisdiction until final termination of such The Administrative Authority shall, whenever proceedings, and any judgment resulting therefrom possible, notify the serving utility, the owner and shall be assumed by this jurisdiction. occupant of the building,structure or premises of the This code shall not be construed to relieve from decision to disconnect prior to taking such action, or lessen the responsibility of any person owning, and shall notify such serving utility, owner and operating or controlling any equipment regulated occupant of the building, structure or premises in herein for damages to persons or property caused by writing of such disconnection immediately defects,nor shall the code enforcement agency or its thereafter. parent jurisdiction be held as assuming any such 108.6 Authority to Condemn Equipment. When liability by reason of the inspections authorized by the Administrative Authority ascertains that any this code or any permits or certificates issued under equipment,or portion thereof,regulated by this code this code. has become hazardous to life,health or property,the 108.9 Cooperation of Other Officials and Administrative Authority shall order in writing that Officers.The Administrative Authority may request, the equipment either be removed or restored to a and shall receive, the assistance and cooperation of safe or sanitary condition, as appropriate. The other officials of this jurisdiction so far as is required written notice shall contain a fixed time limit for in the discharge of the duties required by this code compliance with such order. Persons shall not use or or other pertinent law or ordinance. maintain defective equipment after receiving a notice. 109.0 Unsafe Equipment When equipment or an installation is to be Equipment regulated by this code,which is unsafe or disconnected,written notice of the disconnection and which constitutes a fire or health hazard or is causes therefor shall be given within twenty-four(24) hours to the serving utility, the owner and occupant purpose of otherwise dangerous to human life is, for the of the building, structure or premises. When any regulated by jthis code constituting a hazs section, unsafe. Use of ard equipment is maintained in violation of this code, safety, health or public welfare by reason of and in violation of a notice issued pursuant to the inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, provisions of this section, the Administrative fire hazard, disaster, damage or abandonment is,for Authority shall institute an appropriate action to the purpose of this section, an unsafe use. Unsafe prevent,restrain,corrector abate the violation. equipment is hereby declared to be a public nuisance 108.7 Connection After Order to Disconnect. and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation, Persons shall not make connections from an energy, demolition or removal in accordance with fuel or power supply nor supply energy or fuel to procedures as may be adopted by this jurisdiction. any equipment regulated by this code which has 3 109.0—113.2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE As an alternative, the Administrative Authority or 112.2.1 A portable heating appliance, portable other employee or official of this jurisdiction, as ventilating equipment, portable cooling unit or designated by the governing body, may institute portable evaporative cooler. other appropriate action to prevent, restrain, correct 112.2.2 A closed system of steam,hot or chilled or abate the violation. water piping within heating or cooling equipment regulated by this code. 110.0 Board of Appeals 112.2.3 Replacement of any component part or 110.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals assembly of an appliance which does not alter its of orders, decisions or determinations made by the original approval and complies with other Administrative Authority relative to the application applicable requirements of this code. and interpretations of this code, there shall be and is 112.2.4 Refrigerating equipment which is part hereby created a Board of Appeals consisting of of the equipment for which a permit has been members who are qualified by experience and issued pursuant to the requirements of this code. training to pass upon matters pertaining to 112.2.5 A unit refrigerating system. mechanical design, construction and maintenance Exemption from the permit requirements of this and the public health aspects of mechanical systems code shall not be deemed to grant authorization for and who are not employees of the jurisdiction. The work to be done in violation of the provisions of this Administrative Authority shall be an ex-officio code or other laws or ordinances of this jurisdiction. member and shall act as secretary to said board but shall have no vote upon any matter before the board. The Board of Appeals shall be appointed by the 113.0 Application for Permit governing body and shall hold office at its pleasure. 113.1 Application.To obtain a permit,the applicant The board shall adopt rules of procedure for shall first file an application therefor in writing on a conducting its business and shall render all decisions form furnished by the code enforcement agency for and findings in writing to the appellant with a that purpose.Every such application shall: duplicate copy to the Administrative Authority. 113.1.1 Identify and describe the work to be 110.2 Limitations of Authority. The Board of covered by the permit for which application is Appeals shall have no authority relative to made. interpretation of the administrative provisions of this 113.1.2 Describe the land on which the code nor shall the board be empowered to waive proposed work is to be done by legal requirements of this code. description,street address or similar description that will readily identify and definitely locate the 111.0 Violations proposed building or work. It shall be unlawful for a person,firm or corporation 113.1.3 Indicate the use or occupancy for which to erect, construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, the proposed work is intended. improve,remove,convert or demolish,equip,use or 113.1.4 Be accompanied by plans, diagrams, maintain mechanical systems or equipment or cause computations and specifications and other data or permit the same to be done in violation of this as required in Section 113.2. code. 113.1.5 Be signed by the applicant or an authorized agent of the applicant. Part III—Permits and Inspections 113.1.6 Give such other data and information as may be required by the Administrative 112.0 Permits Authority. 112.1 Permits Required. Except as permitted in 113.2 Plans and Specifications.Plans,engineering Section 112.2, no mechanical system regulated by calculations, diagrams and other data shall be this code shall be installed, altered, repaired, submitted in one or more sets with each application replaced or remodeled unless a separate mechanical for a permit. When such plans are not prepared by permit for each separate building or structure has an architect or engineer, the Administrative first been obtained from the Administrative Authority may require any applicant submitting Authority. such plans or other data to demonstrate that state 112.2 Exempt Work.A mechanical permit shall not law does not require that the plans be prepared by be required for the following: an architect or engineer. The Administrative Authority may require plans, computations and J 4 ADMINISTRATION 113.2—114.4 specifications to be prepared and designed by an system before the entire plans and specifications for engineer or architect licensed by the state to practice the whole system have been submitted or approved, as such even if not required by state law. provided adequate information and detailed Exception: The Administrative Authority may statements have been filed complying with all waive the submission of plans, calculations or pertinent requirements of this code. other data if it is found that the nature of the work The holder of a partial permit may proceed applied for is such that reviewing of plans is not without assurance that the permit for the entire necessary to obtain compliance with this code. building, structure or mechanical system will be 113.3 Information on Plans and Specifications. granted. Plans and specifications shall be drawn to scale upon 114.2 Retention of Plans. One set of approved substantial paper or cloth and shall be of sufficient plans, specifications and computations shall be clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of retained by the Administrative Authority until final the work proposed and show in detail that it will approval of the work is covered therein. One set of conform to the provisions of this code and relevant approved plans and specifications shall be returned laws,ordinances,rules and regulations. to the applicant,and said set shall be kept on the site Plans for buildings more than two stories in of the building or work at all times during which the height of other than Group R, Division 3 and Group work authorized thereby is in progress. U Occupancies shall indicate how required structural 114.3 Validity of Permit. The issuance of a permit and fire-resistive integrity will be maintained where or approval of plans, specifications and a penetration will be made for electrical,mechanical, computations shall not be construed to be a permit plumbing and communication conduits, pipes and for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the similar systems. provisions of this code or of other ordinance of the The installer shall submit plans showing the jurisdiction. Permits presuming to give authority to proposed installation, indicating the location of the violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of heater and such accessories as may be required to other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. ensure the proper and safe performance of its The issuance of a permit based upon plans, function. specifications, computations and other data shall not prevent the Administrative Authority from 114.0 Permit Issuance thereafter requiring the correction of errors in said plans, specifications, and other data or from 114.1 Issuance. The application, plans, preventing building operations being carried on specifications, computations and other data filed by thereunder when in violation of this code or of other an applicant for permit shall be reviewed by the ordinances of this jurisdiction. Administrative Authority. Such plans may be 114.4 Expiration. Every permit issued by the reviewed by other departments of this jurisdiction to Administrative Authority under the provisions of verify compliance with applicable laws under their this code shall expire by limitation and become null jurisdiction. If the Administrative Authority finds and void if the work authorized by such permit is that the work described in an application for a not commenced within 180 days from the date of permit and the plans, specifications and other data such permit, or if the work authorized by such filed therewith conform to the requirements of this permit is suspended or abandoned at any time after code and other pertinent laws and ordinances and the work is commenced for a period of 180 days. that the fees specified in Section 115.0 have been Before such work can be recommenced, a new paid, the Administrative Authority shall issue a permit shall be first obtained, and the fee therefor permit therefor to the applicant. shall be one-half the amount required for a new When issuing a permit where plans are required, permit for such work, provided no changes have the Administrative Authority shall endorse in been made or will be made in the original plans and writing or stamp the plans and specifications specifications for such work and provided further "APPROVED." Such approved plans and that such suspension or abandonment has not specifications shall not be changed, modified or exceeded one year. No permit shall be extended altered without authorization from the more than once.In order to renew action on a permit Administrative Authority,and all work regulated by after expiration, the permittee shall pay a new full this code shall be done in accordance with the permit fee. approved plans. A permittee holding an unexpired permit may The Administrative Authority may issue a apply for an extension of the time within which permit for the construction of a part of a mechanical 5 114.4—116.1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE work may be commenced under that permit when commenced without first obtaining said permit, the permittee is unable to commence work within a special investigation shall be made before a the time required by this section for good and permit may be issued for such work. satisfactory reasons. The Administrative Authority 115.5.2 Fee.An investigation fee,in addition to may extend the time for action by the permittee for a the permit fee, shall be collected whether or not period not exceeding 180 days upon written request a permit is then or subsequently issued. The by the permittee showing that circumstances beyond investigation fee shall be equal to the amount of the control of the permittee have prevented action the permit fee that would be required by this from being taken. code if a permit were to be issued. The payment 114.5 Suspension or Revocation. The of such investigation fee shall not exempt any Administrative Authority may, in writing, suspend person from compliance with all other or revoke a permit issued under the provisions of this provisions of this code nor from any penalty code whenever the permit is issued in error or on the prescribed by law. basis of incorrect information supplied or in violation 115.6 Fee Refunds of other ordinance or regulation of the jurisdiction. The Administrative Authority may authorize the refunding of any fee paid hereunder which was 115.0 Fees erroneously paid or collected. 115.1 General. Fees shall be assessed in accordance 115.6.1 The Administrative Authority may with the provisions of this section and as set forth in authorize refunding of not more than a I the fee schedule Table 1-1. The fees are to be percentage, as determined by this jurisdiction, determined and adopted by this jurisdiction. when no work has been done under a permit 115.2 Permit Fees.The fee for each permit shall be issued in accordance with this code. as set forth in Table 1-1. 115.6.2 The Administrative Authority may 115.3 Plan Review Fees.When plans or other data authorize refunding of not more than a t are required to be submitted by Section 113.2,a plan percentage, as determined by this jurisdiction, review fee shall be paid at the time of submitting when an application for a permit for which a plan plans and specifications for review. The plan review review fee has been paid is withdrawn or canceled Ifees for mechanical work shall be determined and before any plan review effort has been expended. adopted by this jurisdiction. 115.6.3 The Administrative Authority shall not The plan review fees specified in this subsection authorize refunding of any fee paid except upon are separate fees from the permit fees specified in written application filed by the original Section 115.2 and are in addition to the permit fees. permittee not later than 180 days after the date When plans are incomplete or changed so as to of fee payment. require additional plan review, an additional plan review fee shall be charged at the rate shown in 116.0 Inspections Table 1-1. 116.1 General. Mechanical systems for which a 115.4 Expiration of Plan Review. Applications for permit is required by this code shall be subject to which no permit is issued within 180 days following inspection by the Administrative Authority and such the date of application shall expire by limitation,and mechanical systems shall remain accessible and plans and other data submitted for review may exposed for inspection purposes until approved by thereafter be returned to the applicant or destroyed the Administrative Authority. by the Administrative Authority.The Administrative It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to Authority may extend the time for action by the cause the mechanical systems to remain accessible applicant for a period not exceeding 180 days upon and exposed for inspection purposes. Neither the request by the applicant showing that circumstances Administrative Authority nor the jurisdiction shall beyond the control of the applicant have prevented be liable for expense entailed in the removal or action from being taken. No application shall be replacement of any material required to permit extended more than once. In order to renew action inspection. When the installation of a mechanical on an application after expiration,the applicant shall system is complete, an additional and final resubmit plans and pay a new plan review fee. inspection shall be made. Mechanical systems 115.5 Investigation Fees—Work without a Permit regulated by this code shall not be connected to the 115.5.1 Investigation. Whenever any work for energy fuel supply lines until authorized by the which a permit is required by this code has been Administrative Authority. J 6 ADMINISTRATION 116.1 —117.2 Approval, as a result of an inspection, shall not for inspections before the job is ready for inspection be construed to be an approval of a violation of the or reinspection. provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the Reinspection fees may be assessed, when the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give authority approved plans are not readily available to the to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of inspector,for failure to provide access on the date for other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. which inspection is requested or for deviating from 116.2 Operation of Mechanical Equipment. The plans requiring the approval of the Administrative requirements of this section shall not be considered Authority. to prohibit the operation of mechanical systems To obtain reinspection,the applicant shall file an installed to replace existing equipment or fixtures application therefor in writing upon a form serving an occupied portion of the building in the furnished for that purpose and pay the reinspection event a request for inspection of such equipment or fee in accordance with Table 1-1 or as set forth in the fixture has been filed with the Administrative fee schedule adopted by the jurisdiction. Authority not more than forty-eight (48) hours after In instances where reinspection fees have been such replacement work is completed,and before any assessed, no additional inspection of the work will portion of such mechanical system is concealed by be performed until the required fees have been paid. any permanent portion of the building. 116.3 Testing of Equipment. Refrigeration equipment regulated by this code shall be tested and 117.0 Connection Approval approved as required by Section 1120.0 of this code. 117.1 Energy Connections. No person shall make Steam and hot water boilers and piping shall be connections from a source of energy or fuel to any tested and approved as required by Sections 1023 mechanical system or equipment regulated by this and 1201.2.8,1201.3.6 and 1207.0 of this code. code and for which a permit is required until Where applicable (see Section 103.0), fuel gas approved by the Administrative Authority. piping shall be tested and approved as required by 117.2 Temporary Connections. The Section 1304.0 of Appendix B of this code. Administrative Authority may authorize temporary connection of the mechanical equipment to the 116.4 Inspection Requests. It shall be the duty of source of energy or fuel for the purpose of testing the the person doing the work authorized by a permit to equipment, or for use under a temporary certificate notify the Administrative Authority that such work of occupancy. is ready for inspection. The Administrative Authority may require that every request for inspection be filed at least one working day before such inspection is desired. Such request may be in writing or by telephone at the option of the Administrative Authority. It shall be the duty of the person requesting inspections required by this code to provide access to and means for inspection of such work. 116.5 Other Inspections. In addition to the called inspections required by this code,the Administrative Authority may make or require other inspections of mechanical work to ascertain compliance with the provisions of this code and other laws which are enforced by the code enforcement agency. 116.6 Reinspections. A reinspection fee may be assessed for each inspection or reinspection when such portion of work for which inspection is requested is not complete or when required corrections have not been made. This provision is not to be interpreted as requiring reinspection fees the first time a job is rejected for failure to comply with the requirements of this code,but as controlling the practice of calling 7 Table 1-1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 1-1 Mechanical Permit Fees Permit Issuance 1. For the issuance of each permit.......................................................................................................... 2. For issuing each supplemental permit for which the original permit has not expired or been canceledor finaled.............................................................................................................................. Unit Fee Schedule Note:the following do not include permit-issuing fees. 1. Furnaces For the installation or relocation of each forced-air or gravity-type furnace or burner, including ducts and vents attached to such appliance, up to and including 100,000 Btu/h (29.3 kW)............... For the installation or relocation of each forced-air or gravity-type furnace or burner, including ducts and vents attached to such appliance over 100,000 Btu/h (29.3 kW)........................ I For the installation or relocation of each floor furnace, including vent For the installation or relocation of each suspended heater, recessed wall heater or floor-mounted unit heater.................................................................................................................... 2. Appliance Vents For the installation, relocation or replacement of each appliance vent installed and not included inan appliance permit ........................................................................................................................ 3. Repairs or Additions For the repair of, alteration of, or addition to each heating appliance, refrigeration unit, cooling unit, absorption unit, or each heating, cooling, absorption, or evaporative cooling system, including installation of controls regulated by this code...................................................................... I 4. Boilers, Compressors and Absorption Systems For the installation or relocation of each boiler or compressor to and including three (3) horsepower, or each absorption system to and including 100,000 Btu/h (29.3 kW)................................................ For the installation or relocation of each boiler or compressor over three (3) horsepower(2.24 kW) to and including 15 horsepower(11.19 kW), or each absorption system over 100,000 Btu/h (29.3 kW)and including 500,000 Btu/h (146.48 kW).................................................. For the installation or relocation of each boiler or compressor over 15 horsepower(11.19 kW) to and including thirty(30) horsepower(22.37 kW), or each absorption system over 500,000 Btu/h } (146.48 kW)to and including 1,000,000 Btu/h (29.3 kW) ................................................................... * I For the installation or relocation of each boiler or compressor over thirty(30) horsepower(22.37 kW) to and including fifty (50) horsepower(37.3 kW), or for each absorption system over 1,000,000 Btu/h (292.95 kW)to and including 1,750,000 Btu/h (512.66 kW) ............................................................... For the installation or relocation of each boiler or compressor over fifty(50) horsepower(37.3 kW), or each absorption system over 1,750,000 Btu/h (512.66 kW)........................................................... 5. Air Handlers For each air-handling unit to and including 10,000 cfm (4.72 mYS), including ducts attached thereto....... Note: This fee shall not apply to an air-handling unit which is a portion of a factory-assembled appliance, cooling unit, evaporative cooler or absorption unit for which a permit is required elsewhere in this code. 6. Evaporative Coolers For each air-handling unit over 10,000 cfm (4.72 m3/S) ..................................................................... * I For each evaporative cooler other than portable type......................................................................... 8 ADMINISTRATION Table 1-1 TABLE 1-1 (Continued) Mechanical Permit Fees 7. Ventilation and Exhaust For each ventilation fan connected to a single duct............................................................................ For each ventilation system which is not a portion of any heating or air conditioning system authorizedby a permit......................................................................................................................... For the installation of each hood which is served by mechanical exhaust, including the ducts forsuch hood ...................................................................................................................................... 8. Incinerators For the installation or relocation of each domestic-type incinerator.................................................... For the installation or relocation of each commercial or industrial-type incinerator............................ 9. Miscellaneous For each appliance or piece of equipment regulated by this code, but not classed in other appliance categories, or for which no other fee is listed in this table.................................................. 10. When Chapter 13 in Appendix B is applicable (see Section 103.0), permit fees for fuel gas piping shall be as follows: For each gas piping system of one to five outlets............................................................................... * I For each additional gas piping system, per outlet............................................................................... 11. Process Piping: f For each hazardous process piping system (HPP) of one to four outlets........................................ For each HPP piping system of five or more outlets, per outlet....................................................... For each nonhazardous process piping system (NPP) of one to four outlets.................................. For each NPP piping system of five or more outlets, per outlet....................................................... Other Inspections and Fees 1. Inspections outside of normal business hours, per hour(minimum charge—two hours).........:......... 2. Reinspection fees assessed under provisions of Section 116.7, per inspection................................. 3. Inspections for which no fee is specifically indicated, per hour(minimum charge—one-half hour)..... 4. Additional plan review required by changes, additions or revisions to plans or to plans for which an initial review has been completed, per hour(minimum charge—one-half hour) .....:........... *Jurisdiction will indicate their fees here. I 9 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE i 10 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 201.0 General AIR, MAKEUP is air which is provided to replace For the purpose of this code, certain abbreviations, air being exhausted. terms, phrases, words and their derivatives shall be AIR-MOVING SYSTEM is a system designed to construed as specified in this chapter. Words used in provide heating, cooling or ventilation in which one the singular include the plural, and the plural the or more air-handling units are used to supply air to a singular. Words used in the masculine gender common space or are drawing air from a common include the feminine, and the feminine the plenum or space. masculine. AIR, OUTSIDE is air from outside the building intentionally conveyed by openings or ducts to 202.0 Accepted Meanings rooms or to conditioning equipment. Except as defined in this chapter or elsewhere in this AIR, RETURN is air from the conditioned area that code, the interpretation of words used in this code is returned to the conditioning equipment for shall be in accordance with the meanings defined in reconditioning. the applicable building, electric, fire or plumbing AIR, SUPPLY is air being conveyed to a conditioned code and Webster's Third New International Dictionary area through ducts or plenums from a heat of the English Language, Unabridged,copyright 1993. exchanger of a heating, cooling, absorption or evaporative cooling system. 203.0 —A— APPLIANCE is a device which utilizes fuel or other ABSORPTION UNIT is an absorption refrigeration forms of energy to produce light, heat, power, system which has been factory-assembled and tested refrigeration or air conditioning. This definition also prior to its installation. shall include a vented decorative appliance. ACCESSIBLE means having access to but which APPROVED, as to materials, equipment and first may require the removal of an access panel, method of construction, refers to approval by the door or similar obstruction covering the item Administrative Authority as the result of described. investigation and tests by the Administrative Authority, or by reason of accepted principles or ACCESSIBLE, READILY means capable of being tests by national authorities, technical or scientific reached safely and quickly for operation, repair or organizations. inspection without requiring those to whom ready APPROVED AGENCY is an established and access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles, recognized agency regularly engaged in conducting or to resort to the use of portable access equipment. tests or furnishing inspection services, when such ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY is the individual agency has been approved by the Administrative official, board, department, or agency established Authority. and authorized by a state, county, city, or other ASSEMBLY BUILDING is a building or a portion of political subdivision created by law to administer a building used for the gathering together of fifty and enforce the provisions of the mechanical code as (50) or more persons for such purposes as adopted or amended. This definition shall include deliberation, education, instruction, worship, the Administrative Authority's duly authorized representative. entertainment, amusement, drinking, dining or awaiting transportation. AIR,COMBUSTION.See COMBUSTION AIR. AZEOTROPE is a refrigerant blend comprising AIR, CONDITIONED is air which has been treated multiple components of different volatiles that,when to achieve a desired level of temperature, humidity used in refrigeration cycles, do not change or cleanliness. volumetric composition or saturation temperature as AIR, EXHAUST is air being removed from any they evaporate or condense at constant pressure. space or piece of equipment and conveyed directly to the atmosphere by means of openings or ducts. 204.0 —B— AIR-HANDLING UNIT is a blower or fan used for BOILER, HIGH PRESSURE is a boiler furnishing the purpose of distributing supply air to a room, steam at pressures in excess of fifteen (15) pounds space or area. 11 204.0—205.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE per square inch (103.4 kPa) or hot water at Chimney, Low-Heat Appliance-Type is a temperatures in excess of 250°F (121°C) or at factory-built, masonry or metal chimney pressures in excess of 160 pounds per square inch suitable for removing the products of (1102.4 kPa). combustion from fuel-burning low-heat BOILER ROOM is any room containing a steam or appliances producing combustion gases not hot water boiler. in excess of 1000°F (538°C) under normal BREECHING is a metal connector for medium-and operating conditions, but capable of high-heat appliances. producing combustion gases of 1,400°F (760 C) during intermittent forced firing for BRINE is any liquid used for the transmission of periods up to one hour.All temperatures are heat without a change in its state, having no flash measured at the appliance flue outlet. point or a flash point above 150°F (66°C), as Chimney,Medium-Heat Appliance-Type is determined by the requirements of the Fire Code. a factory-built, masonry or metal chimney (See U.F.C.Standard 2-2 in Appendix A.) suitable for removing the products of Btu/h is the listed maximum capacity of any combustion from fuel-burning medium-heat appliance, absorption unit or burner expressed in appliances producing combustion gases not British thermal units input per hour, unless in excess of 2000°F (1093°C), measured at otherwise noted. the appliance flue outlet. BUILDING CODE is the building code which is Chimney, High-Heat Appliance-Type is a adopted by this jurisdiction. factory-built, masonry or metal chimney BUILDING OFFICIAL. See ADMINISTRATIVE suitable for removing the products of AUTHORITY. combustion from fuel-burning high-heat appliances producing combustion gases in excess of 2000°F (1093°C) , measured at the 205.0 —C— appliance flue outlet. CAS NUMBER is the Chemical Abstract System CHIMNEY CONNECTOR is the pipe which Registry Number. connects a fuel-burning appliance to a chimney. CENTRAL HEATING PLANT or HEATING CLOSED COMBUSTION SOLID-FUEL- PLANT is environmental heating equipment BURNING APPLIANCE is a heat-producing installed in a manner to supply heat by means of appliance that employs a combustion chamber that ducts or pipes to areas other than the room or space has no openings other than the flue collar, fuel in which the equipment is located. charging door and adjustable openings provided to CHIMNEY is a vertical shaft enclosing one or more control the amount of combustion air that enters the flues for conveying flue gases to the outside combustion chamber. atmosphere. CLOSET.See CONFINED SPACE. Factory-Built Chimney is a listed chimney. COMBUSTION AIR is the total amount of air Masonry Chimney is a chimney of solid provided to the space which contains fuel-burning masonry units, bricks, stones, listed masonry equipment. Includes air for fuel combustion, draft units or reinforced concrete, lined with suitable hood dilution and ventilation of the equipment flue liners. enclosure. Metal Chimney is a chimney constructed of COMPRESSOR, POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT is a metal with a minimum thickness not less than compressor in which increase in pressure is attained 0.127 inch (3.23 mm) (No. 10 manufacturer's by changing the internal volume of the compression standard gage)steel sheet. chamber. CHIMNEY CLASSIFICATIONS: COMPRESSOR REFRIGERANT is a machine, with Chimney, Residential Appliance-Type is a or without accessories, for compressing a refrigerant factory-built or masonry chimney suitable vapor. for removing products of combustion from CONDENSER is the part of the system designed to residential-type appliances producing liquefy refrigerant vapor by removal of heat. combustion gases not in excess of 1000°F CONDENSING APPLIANCE is an appliance which (5380C), measured at the appliance flue condenses part of the water vapor generated by the outlet. Factory-built Type HT chimneys burning of hydrogen in fuels. have high-temperature thermal shock CONDENSING UNIT is a mechanical refrigeration resistance. system, consisting of one or more power-driven 12 DEFINITIONS 205.0—207.0 compressors, condensers, liquid receivers if DRAFT HOOD is a device built into an appliance or provided, and the regularly furnished accessories made a part of the vent connector from an appliance, which have been factory assembled and tested prior which is designed to: to its installation. 1. Assure the ready escape of the flue gases in CONDITIONED SPACE is an area, room or space the event of no draft, back draft or stoppage normally occupied and being heated or cooled for beyond the draft hood. human habitation by any equipment. 2. Prevent a back draft from entering the CONFINED SPACE is a room or space having a appliance. volume less than fifty (50) cubic feet (1.42 ml) per 3. Neutralize the effect of stack action of the 1000 Btu/h (293 W) of the aggregate input rating of chimney or gas vent upon the operation of the all fuel-burning appliances installed in that space. appliance. COOLING is air cooling to provide a room or space DUCT is any tube or conduit for transmission of air. temperature of 68°F(20°C)or above. This definition shall not include: COOLING SYSTEM is all of that equipment, 1. A vent, a vent connector or a chimney including associated refrigeration, intended or connector. installed for the purpose of cooling air by mechanical 2. Any tube or conduit wherein the pressure of means and discharging such air into any room or the air exceeds one(1)pound per square inch. space. This definition shall not include any evaporative cooler. 3. The air passages of listed self-contained COOLING UNIT is a self-contained refrigeration systems. system which has been factory assembled and tested, DUCT FURNACE is a warm air furnace normally installed with or without conditioned air ducts and installed in an air-distribution duct to supply warm without connecting any refrigerant-containing parts. air for heating . This definition shall apply only to a This definition shall not include a portable cooling warm air heating appliance which depends for air unit or an absorption unit. circulation on a blower not furnished as part of the furnace. 206.0 —D— DUCT SYSTEM includes all ducts, duct fittings, plenums and fans assembled to form a continuous DAMPERS shall be defined as follows: passageway for the distribution of air. Fire Damper is an automatic-closing metal DWELLING is a building or portion thereof which assembly of one or more louvers,blades,slats or contains not more than two dwelling units. vanes complying with recognized standards. DWELLING UNIT is a building or portion thereof Smoke Damper is a damper arranged to seal off which contains living facilities, including provisions air flow automatically through a part of an air for sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation, as duct system so as to restrict the passage of required by this code,for not more than one family. smoke. Volume Damper is any device which when 207.0 —E— installed will restrict,retard or direct the flow of air in any duct,or the products of combustion in ELECTRIC HEATING APPLIANCE is a device any heat-producing equipment, its vent which produces heat energy to create a warm connector,vent or chimney therefrom. environment by the application of electric power to DIRECT GAS-FIRED MAKEUP AIR HEATER is a resistance elements, refrigerant compressors or heater in which all the products of combustion dissimilar material junctions. generated by the gas-burning device are released ELECTRICAL CODE is the National Electrical Code into the outside airstream being heated. promulgated by the National Fire Protection DIRECT VENT APPLIANCE is an appliance which Association,as adopted by this jurisdiction. is constructed and installed so that all air for EQUIPMENT is a general term including materials, combustion is derived from the outside atmosphere fittings, devices, appliances and apparatus used as and all flue gases are discharged to the outside part of or in connection with installations regulated atmosphere. by this code. DISTRICT HEATING PLANT is a power boiler EVAPORATIVE COOLER is a device used for plant designed to distribute hot water or steam to reducing the sensible heat of air for cooling by the users located off the premises. process of evaporation of water into an airstream. 13 207.0—210.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM is all of that GENERATOR is a device equipped with a means of equipment intended or installed for the purpose of heating used in an absorption system to drive environmental cooling by an evaporative cooler from refrigerant out of solution. which the conditioned air is distributed through GRAVITY HEATING SYSTEM is any heating ducts or plenums to the conditioned area. system consisting of a gravity-type warm air furnace, EVAPORATOR is that part of a refrigeration system together with all air ducts or pipes and accessory in which liquid refrigerant is vaporized to produce apparatus installed in connection therewith. refrigeration. GRAVITY-TYPE WARM AIR FURNACE is a warm air furnace depending primarily on circulation of air 208.0 —F— through the furnace by gravity. This definition also FIRE CODE is the fire code adopted by this shall include any furnace approved with a jurisdiction. booster-type fan which does not materially restrict free circulation of air through the furnace when the FIREPLACE STOVE is a chimney-connected, fan is not in operation. solid-fuel-burning stove (appliance) having part of its fire chamber open to the room. FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION is construction 210.0 —H— complying with the requirements of the Building HAZARDOUS LOCATION is any area or space Code for the time period specified. where combustible dust, ignitable fibers or FLOOR FURNACE is a completely self-contained flammable, volatile liquids, gases, vapors or furnace suspended from the floor of the space being mixtures are or may be present in the air in heated, taking air for combustion from outside such quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable space and with means for observing flames and mixtures. lighting the appliance from such space. HEAT (ENERGY) RECOVERY VENTILATOR is a FORCED AIR-TYPE CENTRAL FURNACE is a device intended to remove air from buildings, central furnace equipped with a fan or blower which replace it with outside air,and in the process transfer provides the primary means for circulation of air. heat from the warmer to the colder airstreams. Horizontal-Type Central Furnace is a furnace HEATING DEGREE DAY is a unit, based upon designed for low headroom installations with air temperature difference and time, used in estimating flow through the appliance in a horizontal path. fuel consumption and specifying nominal annual heating load of a building.For any one day when the Upflow-Type Central Furnace is a furnace mean temperature is less than 65°F(180C),there exist designed with air flow essentially in a vertical as many degree days as there are Fahrenheit degrees path, discharging air at or near the top of the difference in temperature between mean furnace. temperature for the day and 65°F(18°C). Downflow-Type Central Furnace is a furnace HEATING EQUIPMENT includes all warm air designed with air flow essentially in a vertical furnaces, warm air heaters, combustion products path,discharging air at or near the bottom of the vents, heating air-distribution ducts and fans, all furnace. steam and hot water piping,together with all control Enclosed Furnace is a specific heating or heating devices and accessories installed as part of, or in and ventilating furnace incorporating an integral connection with, any environmental heating system total enclosure and using only outside air for or appliance regulated by this code. combustion. HEATING SYSTEM is a warm air heating plant FRACTIONATION is a change in composition of a consisting of a heat exchanger enclosed in a casing, blend by preferential evaporation of the more from which the heated air is distributed through volatile component or condensation of the less- ducts to various rooms and areas. A heating system volatile component. includes the outside air, return air and supply air FUSIBLE PLUG is a device arranged to relieve system and all accessory apparatus and equipment pressure by operation of a fusible member at a installed in connection therewith. predetermined temperature. HEAT PUMP is a refrigeration system that extracts heat from one substance and transfers it to another 209.0 —G— portion of the same substance or to a second substance at a higher temperature for a beneficial GALVANIZED STEEL is any steel conforming to purpose. the requirements of UMC Standard No.2-2. 14 DEFINITIONS 210.0—214.0 HIGH SIDE are the parts of a refrigeration system JOINT,WELDED is a gas-tight joint obtained by the subjected to approximately condenser pressure. joining of metal parts in molten state. HOOD is an air intake device connected to a mechanical exhaust system for collecting vapors, 213.0 —K— fumes, smoke, dust, steam, heat or odors from, at or No definitions. near the equipment, place or area where generated, produced or released. 214.0 —L- 211.0 LEL(Lower Explosive Limit).See LFL. IDLH(Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health)is LFL (Lower Flammable Limit or Lower Limit of a concentration of airborne contaminants, normally Flammability) is the minimum concentration of a expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams combustible substance that is capable of propagating per cubic meter (mg/m'), which represents the a flame through homogeneous mixture of the maximum level from which one could escape within combustible and a gaseous oxidizer under the thirty (30) minutes without any escape-impairing specified condition of test. The LFL is sometimes symptoms or irreversible health effects. This level is referred to as LEL (Lower Explosive Limit). For the established by the National Institute of Occupational purposes of this definition, LFL and LEL are Safety and Health(NIOSH). identical. INDUSTRIAL HEATING EQUIPMENT includes LINE CONTACT INSTALLATION is an appliances, devices or equipment used, or intended installation in which a furnace is installed so that to be used, in an industrial, manufacturing or building joists,studs or framing are contacted by the commercial occupancy for applying heat to any furnace jacket upon the lines formed by the material being processed,but shall not include water intersection of the jacket sides with the top surface. heaters, boilers, or portable equipment used by LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS or LPG (LP Gas) artisans in pursuit of a trade. shall mean and include a material composed INSANITARY LOCATION is an area, space or predominantly of any of the following hydrocarbons room where the air is unfit or undesirable for or mixtures of them: propane, propylene, butanes circulation to occupied parts of a building. (normal butane or isobutane) and butylenes. When reference is made to liquefied petroleum gas in this 212.0 _J_ code, it shall refer to liquefied petroleum gases in either the liquid or gaseous state. JOINT, BRAZED is any joint obtained by joining of LISTED and LISTING refer to equipment and metal parts with alloys which melt at temperatures higher than 840°F (449°C), but lower than the materials which are shown in a list published by an melting temperature of the parts being joined. approved testing agency,qualified and equipped for experimental testing and maintaining an adequate JOINT, SOLDERED is a joint made by the joining of periodic inspection of current productions and metal parts with metallic mixtures or alloys which which listing states that the material or equipment Imelt at a temperature up to and including 840°F complies with accepted national standards which are (449°C). approved, or standards which have been evaluated JOINT, COMPRESSION is any multi-piece joint for conformity with approved standards. with cup-shaped threaded nuts which. when LOW PRESSURE HOT WATER-HEATING tightened. compress tapered sleeves so that they BOILER is a boiler furnishing hot water at pressures form a tight joint on the periphery of the tubing they not exceeding 160 pounds per square inch (1102.4 connect. kPa) and at temperatures not exceeding 250°F JOINT, FLANGED is one made by bolting together (121°C). a pair of flanged ends. LOW PRESSURE STEAM-HEATING BOILER is a JOINT, FLARED is any metal-to-metal compression boiler furnishing steam at pressures not exceeding joint in which a conical spread is made on the end of fifteen(15)pounds per square inch(103.4 kPa). a tube that is compressed by a flare nut against a LOW SIDE refers to the parts of a refrigeration mating flare. system subjected to approximate evaporator JOINT,MECHANICAL is general form for gas-tight pressure. joints obtained by the joining of metal parts through a positive holding mechanical construction (such as flanged joint,screwed joint,flared joint). 15 215.0—217.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 215.0 —M— awaiting transportation. A room or space used MACHINERY is the refrigeration equipment for assembly purposes by less than fifty (50) forming a part of the refrigeration system, including, persons and accessory to another occupancy but not limited to, the following: compressors, shall be included as a part of that major condensers, liquid receivers, evaporators and occupancy. Assembly occupancies shall include connecting piping. the following: MANUFACTURER is the company or organization Division 1. A building or portion of a which evidences its responsibility by affixing its building having an assembly room with an name, trademark or trade name to equipment or occupant load of 1,000 or more and a devices. legitimate stage. MANUFACTURER'S INSTALLATION INSTRUC- Division 2. A building or portion of a TIONS are printed instructions included with building having an assembly room with an equipment or devices for the purpose of providing occupant load of less than 1,000 and a information regarding safe and proper installation legitimate stage. whether or not as part of the conditions of listing. Division 2.1. A building or portion of a building having an assembly room with an 216.0 —N— occupant load of 300 or more without a legitimate stage, including such buildings NONCOMBUSTIBLE, as applied to building used for educational purposes and not construction material, means a material which in the classed as a Group B or E Occupancy. form in which it is used is either one of the Division 3. A building or portion of a following: building having an assembly room with an 1. Material of which no part will ignite and occupant load of less than 300 without a burn when subjected to fire. legitimate stage, including such buildings 2. Material having a structural base of used for educational purposes and not noncombustible material as defined in 1 above, classed as a Group B or E Occupancy. with a surfacing material not over 1/8 inch (3.2 Division 4. Stadiums, reviewing stands and mm) thick which has a flame-spread index not amusement park structures not included higher than fifty(50). within other Group A Occupancies. Specific NONCOMBUSTIBLE does not apply to surface and general requirements for grandstands, finish materials. Material required to be bleachers and reviewing stands are in the noncombustible for reduced clearances to flues, Building Code. heating appliances or other sources of high Exception: Amusement buildings, or temperature shall refer to material conforming to 1. portions thereof, which are without above. No material shall be classed as walls or a roof and constructed to noncombustible which is subject to increase in prevent the accumulation of smoke in combustibility or flame-spread index beyond the assembly areas. limits herein established, through the effects of age, Group B Occupancies moisture or other atmospheric condition. Group B Occupancies shall include buildings, structures, or portions thereof, for office, 217.0 —O— professional or service-type transactions, which OCCUPANCY is the purpose for which a building are not classified as Group H Occupancies.Such or part thereof is used or intended to be used. occupancies include occupancies for the storage OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purpose of records and accounts and eating and drinking of this code, certain occupancies are defined as establishments with an occupant load of less follows: than fifty(50). Group A Occupancies Group E Occupancies Group A Occupancies include the use of a Division 1. Any building used for building or structure, or a portion thereof, for educational purposes through the 12th the gathering together of fifty (50) or more grade by fifty(50) or more persons for more persons for purposes such as civic, social or than twelve (12) hours per week or four religious functions, recreation, education or hours in any one day. instruction, food or drink consumption, or 16 DEFINITIONS 217.0 Division 2.Any building used for educational Division 4. Repair garages not classified as purposes through the 12th grade by less than Group S,Division 3 Occupancies. fifty (50) persons for more than twelve (12) Division 5. Aircraft repair hangars and hours per week or four hours in any one day. heliports not classified as Group S, Division Division 3. Any building or portion thereof 5 Occupancies. used for day-care purposes for more than Division 6. Semiconductor fabrication six persons. facilities and comparable research and Group F Occupancies development areas in which hazardous Group F Occupancies shall include the use of a production materials (HPM) are used and building or structure, or a portion thereof, for the aggregate quantity of materials is in assembling, disassembling, fabricating, excess of those listed in the Building Code. finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or Division 7. Occupancies having quantities processing operations that are not classified as of materials in excess of those listed in the Group H Occupancies. Building Code,which are health hazards. Division 1. Moderate-hazard factory and Group I Occupancies industrial occupancies shall include factory Division 1.1. Nurseries for the full-time care and industrial uses which are not classified of children under the age of six (each as Group F,Division 2 Occupancies. accommodating more than five children). Division 2. Low-hazard factory and Hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with industrial occupancies shall include facilities non-ambulatory patients, and similar producing noncombustible or nonexplosive buildings (each accommodating more than materials which, during finishing, packing five patients). or processing, do not involve a significant Division 1.2. Health care centers for fire hazard. ambulatory patients receiving outpatient Group H Occupancies medical care which may render the patient Group H Occupancies shall include incapable of unassisted self-preservation buildings or structures, or portions thereof, (each tenant space accommodating more that involve the manufacturing, processing, than five such patients). generation or storage of materials that Division 2. Nursing homes for ambulatory constitute a high fire, explosion or health patients,homes for children six years of age hazard. For definitions, identification and or over (each accommodating more than control of hazardous materials and five patients or children). pesticides,and the display of nonflammable Division 3. Mental hospitals, mental solid and nonflammable or noncombustible sanitariums,jails,prisons,reformatories and liquid hazardous materials in Group B,F,M buildings where personal liberties of or S Occupancies,see the Fire Code. inmates are similarly restrained. Division 1. Occupancies with a quantity of material in the building in excess of those Group M Occupancies listed in the Building Code,which present a Group M Occupancies shall include high explosion hazard. buildings, structures, or portions thereof, Division 2. Occupancies where combustible used for the display and sale of dust is manufactured, used or generated in merchandise,and involving stocks of goods, such a manner that concentrations and wares or merchandise, incidental to such conditions create a fire or explosion purposes and accessible to the public. potential. Group R Occupancies Occupancies with a quantity of material in Division 1. Hotels and apartment houses. the building in excess of those listed in the Congregate residences(each accommodating Building Code, which present a moderate more than ten(10)persons). explosion hazard or a hazard from Division 2.Not used. accelerated burning. Division 3. Dwellings and lodging houses. Division 3. Occupancies where flammable Congregate residences(each accommodating solids, other than combustible dust, are ten(10)persons or less). manufactured,used or generated. 17 217.0—218.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Group S Occupancies PLENUM is an air compartment or chamber Group S Occupancies shall include the use of a including uninhabited crawl spaces, areas above a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for ceiling or below a floor, including air spaces below storage not classified as a hazardous occupancy. raised floors of computer/data processing centers,or. Division 1. Moderate-hazard storage attic spaces, to which one or more ducts are occupancies shall include buildings or connected and which forms part of either the portions of buildings used for storage of supply air, return air or exhaust air system, other combustible materials that are not classified than the occupied space being conditioned. as Group S, Division 2 or Group H PLUMBING CODE is the Uniform Plumbing Code Occupancies. promulgated by the International Association of Division 2.Low-hazard storage occupancies Plumbing and Mechanical Officials as adopted by shall include buildings, structures, or this jurisdiction. portions thereof, used for storage of PORTABLE COOLING UNIT is a self-contained noncombustible materials such as products refrigerating system, not over three horsepower on wood pallets or in paper cartons with or rating,which has been factory-assembled and tested, without single-thickness divisions, or in installed without supply air ducts and without paper wrappings, and shall include ice connecting any refrigerant-containing parts. This plants,power plants and pumping plants. definition shall not include an absorption unit. Division 3. Division 3 Occupancies shall PORTABLE EVAPORATIVE COOLER is an include repair garages where work is evaporative cooler which discharges the conditioned limited to exchange of parts and air directly into the conditioned area without the use maintenance requiring no open flame or of ducts and can be readily transported from place to welding, motor vehicle fuel-dispensing place without dismantling any portion thereof. stations, and parking garages not classed as PORTABLE HEATING APPLIANCE is a heating Group S,Division 4 open parking garages or appliance designed for environmental heating which Group U private garages. may have a self-contained fuel supply and is not Division 4.Open parking garages. secured or attached to a building by any means other Division 5. Aircraft hangars where work is than by a factory-installed power supply cord., limited to exchange of parts and PORTABLE VENTILATING EQUIPMENT is maintenance requiring no open flame or ventilating equipment that can be readily welding,and helistops. transported from place to place without dismantling Group U Occupancies a portion thereof and which is not connected to a Division 1. Private garages, carports, sheds duct. and agricultural buildings. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR is a compressor in which increase in pressure is attained Division 2. Fences over six feet (1829 mm) by changing the internal volume of the compression high,tanks and towers. chamber. POWER BOILER PLANT. One or more power 218.0 —P— steam boilers or power hot water boilers and PEL (PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT) is the connecting piping and vessels within the same maximum permitted eight-hour time-weighted premises. average concentration of an airborne contaminant. PRESSURE, DESIGN is the maximum working The maximum permitted time-weighted average pressure for which a specific part of a refrigeration exposures to be utilized are those published in 29 system is designed. CFR 1910.1000. PRESSURE, FIELD TEST is a test performed in the PEX.Cross-linked Polyethylene. field to prove system tightness. PIPING is the pipe or tube mains for interconnecting PRESSURE-IMPOSING ELEMENT is a device or the various parts of a system. Piping includes pipe, portion of the equipment used for the purpose of tube, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, fittings, the increasing the pressure of the refrigerant vapor. pressure-containing parts of other components such PRESSURE-LIMITING DEVICE is a pressure- as expansion joints, strainers and devices which responsive mechanism designed to automatically serve such purposes as mixing,separating,snubbing, stop the operation of the pressure-imposing element distributing, metering or controlling flow, pipe- at a predetermined pressure. supporting fixtures and structural attachments. 18 DEFINITIONS 218.0—221.0 PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICE is a pressure-actuated parts constituting one closed refrigerant circuit in valve or rupture member or fusible plug designed to which a refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of automatically relieve excessive pressure. extracting heat and in which a compressor is used PRESSURE VESSEL—REFRIGERANT is a for compressing the refrigerant vapor. refrigerant-containing receptacle which is a portion REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, SELF-CONTAINED of a refrigeration system, but shall not include is a complete factory-assembled and tested system evaporators,headers or piping of certain limited size that is shipped in one or more sections and has no and capacity. refrigerant-containing parts that are joined in the PRESSURE TEST is the minimum gage pressure to field by other than companion or block valves. which a specific system component is subjected REFRIGERATION ROOM or SPACE is a room or under test condition. space in which an evaporator or brine coil is located for the purpose of reducing or controlling the 219.0 _p_ temperature within the room or space to below 68°F (20°C). No definitions. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING is a building or portion thereof designed or used for human habitation. 220.0 -R— RISER HEAT PIPE is a duct which extends at an RADIANT HEATER is a heater designed to transfer angle of more than forty-five (45) degrees (0.79 rad) heat primarily by direct radiation. from the horizontal. This definition shall not include RECEIVER, LIQUID a vessel permanently any boot connection. connected to a refrigeration system by inlet and ROOM HEATER is a freestanding, nonrecessed, outlet pipes for storage of liquid. environmental heating appliance installed in the REFRIGERANT SAFETY CLASSIFICATIONS.The space being heated and not connected to ducts. safety classification is made up of a letter (A or B), ROOM LARGE IN COMPARISON WITH SIZE OF which indicates the toxicity class, followed by a EQUIPMENT is a room having a volume of at least number(1,2, or 3),which indicates the flammability twelve (12) times the total volume of a furnace or class. Refrigerant blends are similarly classified, air-conditioning appliance and at least sixteen (16) based on the compositions at their worst cases of times the total volume of a boiler. Total volume of fractionation, as separately determined for toxicity the appliance is determined from exterior and flammability. In some cases, the worst case of dimensions and includes fan compartments and fractionation is the original formulation. burner vestibules when used. When the actual TOXICITY: Classes A and B signify refrigerants ceiling height of a room is greater than eight (8) feet with "lower toxicity" and "higher toxicity", (2438 mm), the volume of the room is figured on the respectively, based on prescribed measures of basis of a ceiling height of eight(8)feet(2438 mm). chronic(long-term,repeated exposures)toxicity. RUPTURE MEMBER is a pressure-relief device that FLAMMABILITY: Class 1 indicates refrigerants operates by the rupture of a diaphragm within the that do not show flame propagation in air when device on a rise to a predetermined pressure. tested by prescribed methods at specified conditions. Classes 2 and 3 signify refrigerants 221.0 —S— with "lower flammability" and "higher SEAM,WELDED.See JOINT,WELDED. flammability", respectively. The distinction depends on both the lower flammability limit SELF-CONTAINED means having all essential (LFL)and heat of combustion. working parts, except energy and control REFRIGERATION MACHINERY ROOM is a space connections, so contained in a case or framework that is designed to safely house compressors and that they do not depend on appliances or fastenings pressure vessels. outside of the machine. REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, ABSORPTION is a SHAFT is an interior space enclosed by walls or heat-operated closed-refrigeration cycle in which a construction extending through one or more stories secondary fluid, the absorbent, absorbs a primary or basements which connects openings in successive fluid, the refrigerant that has been vaporized in the floors or floors and roof, to accommodate elevators, evaporator. dumbwaiters, mechanical equipment or similar devices to transmit light or ventilation air. REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, MECHANICAL is a SHAFT ENCLOSURE is the walls or construction combination of interconnected refrigerant containing forming the boundaries of a shaft. 19 221.0—224.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE SMOKE DETECTOR is an approved device that Type B Gas Vent is a factory-made gas vent senses visible or invisible particles of combustion. listed by a nationally recognized testing agency STRENGTH, ULTIMATE is the highest stress level for venting listed or approved appliances which the component can tolerate without rupture. equipped to burn only gas. Type BW Gas Vent is a factory-made gas vent 222.0 —T— listed by a nationally recognized testing agency No definitions. for venting listed or approved gas-fired vented wall furnaces. 223.0 —U— Type L is a venting system consisting of listed UNCONFINED SPACE is a room or space having a vent piping and fittings for use with oil-burning volume equal to at least fifty(50) cubic feet(1.42 m3) appliances listed for use with Type L or with per 1000 Btu/h (0.293 kW) of the aggregate input listed gas appliances. rating of all fuel-burning appliances installed in that VENT CONNECTOR, GAS is that portion of a space. Rooms communicating directly with the space gas-venting system which connects a listed gas in which the appliances are installed, through appliance to a gas vent and is installed within the openings not furnished with doors, are considered a space or area in which the appliance is located. part of the unconfined space. VENTED APPLIANCE CATEGORIES UNIT HEATER is a heating appliance designed for Category I is an appliance which operates with a nonresidential space heating and equipped with an non-positive vent static pressure and with a vent integral means for circulation of air. gas temperature that avoids excessive UNUSUALLY TIGHT CONSTRUCTION is condensate production in the vent. construction where: Category II is an appliance which operates with 1. Walls and ceilings exposed to the outside a non-positive vent static pressure and with a atmosphere have a continuous water vapor vent gas temperature that may cause excessive retarder with a rating of one perm or less with condensate production in the vent. any openings gasketed or sealed; Category III is an appliance which operates with 2. Weatherstripping is on openable windows a positive vent static pressure and with a vent and doors;and gas temperature that avoids excessive 3. Caulking or sealants are applied to areas condensate production in the vent. such as joints around window and door frames, Category IV is an appliance which operates with between sole plates and floors, between a positive vent static pressure and with a vent wall-ceiling joints, between wall panels and at gas temperature that may cause excessive penetrations for plumbing, electrical and gas condensate production in the vent. lines and at other openings. VENTED DECORATIVE APPLIANCE is a vented appliance whose only function is providing an 224.0 —V— esthetic effect of flames. VALVE, PRESSURE RELIEF is a pressure-actuated VENTED WALL FURNACE is a vented valve held closed by a spring or other means and environmental heating appliance designed for designed to automatically relieve pressure in excess incorporation in,or permanent attachment to,a wall, of its setting;also called a safety valve. floor, ceiling or partition and arranged to furnish VALVE, STOP is a device in a piping system to shut heated air by gravity or by a fan.This definition shall off the flow of the fluid. not include floor furnaces, unit heaters and room VALVE, THREE—WAY—TYPE STOP is a manually heaters. operated valve with one inlet which alternately can VENTILATING CEILING is a suspended ceiling stop flow to either of two outlets. containing many small apertures through which air, VALVES, COMPANION OR BLOCK are pairs of at low pressure, is forced downward from an mating stop valves valving off sections of overhead plenum dimensioned by the concealed refrigeration systems and arranged so that these space between the suspended ceiling and the floor or sections may be joined before opening these valves roof above. or separated after closing them. VENTILATION SYSTEM is all of that equipment VENT is a listed factory-made vent pipe and vent intended or installed for the purpose of supplying air fittings for conveying flue gases to the outside to, or removing air from, any room or space by atmosphere. mechanical means, other than equipment which is a 20 DEFINITIONS 224.0—228.0 portion of an environmental heating, cooling, absorption or evaporative cooling system. VENTING COLLAR is the outlet opening of an appliance provided for connection of the vent system. VENTING SYSTEM is the vent or chimney and its connectors, assembled to form a continuous open passageway from an appliance to the outside atmosphere for the purpose of removing products of combustion. This definition also shall include a venting assembly which is an integral part of an appliance. VENTING SYSTEM—GRAVITY-TYPE is a system which depends entirely on the heat from the fuel being used to provide the energy required to vent an appliance. VENTING SYSTEM—POWER-TYPE is a system which depends on a mechanical device to provide a positive draft within the venting system. VOLUME, INTERNAL GROSS is the volume as determined from internal dimensions of the container with no allowance for the volume of the internal parts. 225.0 —W— WALL HEATER.See VENTED WALL FURNACE. WARM AIR FURNACE is an environmental heating appliance designed or arranged to discharge heated air through any duct or ducts. This definition shall not include a unit heater. WATER HEATER or HOT WATER-HEATING BOILER is an appliance designed primarily to supply hot water and is equipped with automatic controls limiting water temperature to a maximum of 210°F(99°C). 226.0 —X— No definitions. 227.0 —Y— No definitions. 228.0 —Z— ZEOTROPE is a blend comprising multiple components of different volatiles that, when used in refrigeration cycles, change volumetric composition and saturation temperatures as they evaporate or condense at constant pressure. 21 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 22 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 301.0 Scope Exceptions: This chapter covers general requirements for 1. Shutoff valves may be accessibly located heating, ventilating, air conditioning, refrigeration, inside or under an appliance when such miscellaneous heat-producing and energy-utilizing appliance can be removed without removal of equipment. These equipments shall conform to the the shutoff valve. requirements of this code. 2. Shutoff valves may be accessibly located Equipment shall not be installed or altered in inside wall heaters and wall furnaces listed for violation of this code,nor shall the fuel input rate to recessed installation where necessary equipment be increased in excess of the approved maintenance can be performed without removal Btu/h (kW) rating at the altitude where it is being of the shutoff valve. used. 303.2 Oil-Burning Appliances. The tank, piping Defective material or parts shall be replaced in and valves for appliances burning oil shall be such a manner as not to invalidate any approval. installed in accordance with the requirements of standards referenced in Chapter 16,Part II. 302.0 Approval 303.3 Gas-Burning Appliances. Rigid appliance 302.1 How Obtained. Each appliance shall be connections shall have a diameter not less than that approved by the Administrative Authority for safe of the inlet connection provided on the appliance by use or comply with applicable nationally recognized the manufacturer. Appliances designed to burn gas standards as evidenced by the listing and label of an shall be rigidly connected to the gas-supply outlet in approved agency. Chapter 16, Part II - Referenced an approved manner and with approved materials. Standards, provides guidance as to available Exception: A gas appliance may be connected nationally recognized standards. with an approved listed metal appliance 302.2 Complying Design of Equipment. Installers connector under the following conditions: shall furnish satisfactory evidence that the appliance 1. Listed metal appliance connectors shall have is constructed in conformity with the requirements an overall length not to exceed three(3)feet(914 of this code. The permanently attached label of an mm), except range and domestic clothes dryer approved agency may be accepted as such evidence. connectors, which may not exceed six (6) feet (1829 mm). 303.0 Type of Fuel and Fuel Connections 2. No part of such connectors shall be concealed within or extended through any wall, 303.1 General.Each appliance shall be designed for floor,partition,or appliance housing. use with the type of fuel to which it will be 3. A listed appliance connector valve not less connected. Appliances shall not be converted from than the nominal size of the connector shall be the fuel specified on the rating plate for use with a accessible at the gas piping outlet immediately different fuel without securing reapproval from the ahead of the connector. Administrative Authority and as recommended by the manufacturer of either the original equipment or 4. Connectors shall be of adequate size to the conversion equipment. The serving gas supplier provide the total demand of the connected may convert appliances in accordance with appliance based on Table 3-4 or 3-5,as applicable. procedures approved by the Administrative 5. Aluminum alloy connectors may be used Authority without securing reapproval of the only in interior locations where they shall not be appliance if properly relabeled. in contact with masonry,plaster or insulation or An accessible approved shutoff valve shall be are not subject to repeated corrosive wettings. installed in the fuel gas piping outside of each 6. The connection of an indoor appliance with appliance and ahead of the union connection thereto any type of gas hose is prohibited, except when in addition to any valve provided on the appliance. used for laboratory or shop equipment or Such valve shall be within three (3) feet(914 mm) of equipment that requires mobility during the appliance it serves, and in the same room or operation. Such connections shall have the space where the appliance is located. shutoff or stopcock installed at the connection to 23 303.3—306.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE the building piping. When gas hose is used, it mm)height. shall be of the minimum practical length,but not 304.3 Unlisted Appliances. Unlisted appliances to exceed six (6) feet (1829 mm),except for hand shall be installed with the standard clearances from torches and special mobile equipment, and shall combustible construction specified in Table 3-1. not extend from one room to another nor pass Unlisted appliances may have the standard through walls, partitions, ceilings or floors. Gas clearances of Table 3-1 reduced by employing the hose shall not be concealed from view or used in forms of protection specified in Table 3-2. Forms of a concealed location. Only listed gas hose shall protection specified in Table 3-2 may be utilized to be used in accordance with its listing. Gas hose reduce clearances to combustible construction for all shall not be used where it is likely to be subject applicable appliances. to temperatures exceeding 125°F (52°C), nor 304.4 Anchorage of Appliances. Appliances shall it be used as a substitute for a standard designed to be fixed in position shall be securely appliance connector. fastened in place. Supports for appliances shall be 7. Outdoor portable appliances may be designed and constructed to sustain vertical and connected with an approved outdoor hose horizontal loads within the stress limitations connector not to exceed fifteen (15) feet (4572 specified in the Building Code. mm) in length,provided it connects outdoors to 304.5 Identification of Equipment. When more approved gas piping including an approved than one heating,cooling,ventilating or refrigerating valve at the inlet of the hose connector. system is installed on the roof of a building or within 8. Appliances may be connected to fuel-gas a building, it shall be permanently identified as to piping with an approved listed quick-disconnect the area or space served by the equipment. device. 304.6 LPG Appliances. Liquefied petroleum 303.4 Pipe Size. Additional fuel connections may gas-burning appliances shall not be installed in a pit, be made to existing fuel supply lines, provided pipe basement or similar location where heavier-than-air sizes are approved by the Administrative Authority. gas might collect. Appliances so fueled shall not be installed in an above-grade under-floor space or 304.0 Installation basement unless such location is provided with an 304.1 Listed Appliances. Except as otherwise approved means for removal of unburned gas. provided in the code, the installation of appliances 304.7 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Facilities. regulated by this code shall conform to the Containers, container valves regulating equipment, conditions of listing. The appliance installer shall and appurtenances for the storage and supply of leave the manufacturer's installation and operating liquefied petroleum gas shall be installed in instructions attached to the appliance. Clearances of accordance with the Fire Code. listed appliances from combustible materials shall be as specified in the listing or on the rating plate. 305.0 Access 304.2 Room Large in Comparison to Size of Appliances shall be accessible for inspection,service, Equipment. Central heating furnaces not listed for repair and replacement without removing closet or alcove installation shall be installed in a permanent construction. room or space having a volume at least twelve (12) Unless otherwise specified, not less than thirty times the total volume of the furnace;central heating (30) inches (762 mm) in depth, width and height of boilers not listed for closet or alcove installation shall working space and platform shall be provided to be installed in a room or space having a volume 16 times the volume of the boiler. service the appliance. Exception: The installation clearances for Exception:Unit heaters and room heaters may be furnaces and boilers in rooms not large in installed with an eighteen (18) inch (457 mm) comparison with the size of the equipment shall minimum depth working space. A platform shall be as specified in the appliance listing regardless not be required for unit heaters or room heaters. of whether the enclosure is of combustible or The operating instructions shall be attached to noncombustible materials and shall not be the appliance where they can be read easily. reduced by the protection methods described in Table 3-2 or any other method. 306.0 Automatic Control Devices If the ceiling height of the room or space is Heating appliances shall be equipped with a listed greater than eight (8) feet (2438 mm), the volume device or devices which will shut off the fuel supply shall be calculated on the basis of eight(8)foot(2438 24 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 306.0—308.0 to the main burner or burners in the event of pilot or appliances shall bear a permanent and legible ignition failure. In addition, liquefied petroleum factory-applied nameplate on which shall appear: gas-air-burning heating appliances shall be equipped 307.2.1 Name or trademark of the with a listed automatic device or devices which will manufacturer. shut off the flow of gas to the pilot in the event of ignition failure. 307.2.2 The catalog (model) number or equivalent. Exception:The listed shutoff devices shall not be 307.2.3 The electrical rating in volts, amperes required on range or cooking tops, log lighters, (or watts) and, for other than single phase, the lights or other open-burner manually operated appliances, or listed appliances not requiring number of phases. such devices and specific industrial appliances In addition, the appliance shall be permanently as approved by the Administrative Authority. and legibly marked at the factory with: Heating appliances whose manual fuel controls 307.2.4 The output rating in Btu/h or kW. are not readily accessible from the main portion of 307.2.5 The electrical rating in volts,amperes or the building being heated shall be equipped with watts of each field-replaceable electrical remote controls. component. Forced air and gravity-type warm air furnaces 307.2.6 The symbol of an approved agency shall be equipped with a listed air outlet temperature certifying compliance of equipment with limit control which cannot be set for temperatures recognized standards. higher than 250°F (121°C). Such controls shall be 307.2.7 Required clearances from combustible located in the bonnet or plenum, within two (2) feet surfaces on which or adjacent to which it may be (610 mm) of the discharge side of the heating mounted. element of gravity furnaces or in accordance with the Also, the appliance shall be accompanied by conditions of listing. clear and complete installation instructions, Electric duct heaters shall be equipped with an including required clearances from combustibles approved automatic reset air outlet temperature other than mounting or adjacent surfaces, and limit control that will limit the outlet air temperature temperature rating of field-installed wiring to not more than 200°F (93°C). The electric elements connections if over 140°F(60°C). of the heater shall be equipped with fusible links or a 307.3 Heat Pump Appliances. Heat pumps shall manual reset temperature limit control that will bear a permanent and legible factory-applied prevent outlet air temperature in excess of 250°F nameplate on which shall appear: 307.3.1 Name or trademark of the manufacturer. 307.0 Labeling 307.3.2 Catalog model nomenclature. 307.1 Fuel-Burning Appliances. Fuel-burning 307.3.3 Amount and type of refrigerant. heating appliances shall bear a permanent and legible factory-applied nameplate on which shall appear: 307.3.4 Factory test pressures or pressures 307.1.1 The manufacturer's name. applied. 307.1.2 The approved fuel input rating of the 307.3.5 The symbol of an approved agency appliance,expressed in Btu/h(W). certifying compliance of the equipment with 307.1.3 The model and serial number. recognized standards. 307.1.4 Instructions for the lighting, operation 308.0 Location and shutdown of the appliance. 307.1.5 The type of fuel approved for use with Appliances installed in garages,warehouses or other the appliance. areas where they may be subjected to mechanical damage shall be suitably guarded against such 307.1.6 The symbol of an approved agency damage by being installed behind protective barriers certifying compliance of equipment with or by being elevated or located out of the normal recognized standards. path of vehicles. 307.1.7 Required clearances from combustible Heating and cooling equipment located in a surfaces on which or adjacent to which it may be garage and which generates a glow, spark or flame mounted. capable of igniting flammable vapors shall be 307.2 Electric Heating Appliances.Electric heating installed with the pilots and burners or heating 25 308.0—312.1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE elements and switches at least eighteen (18) inches This requirement is in addition to the (457 mm.)above the floor level. requirements in Sections 310.3 and 310.4. Where such appliances installed within a garage 310.3 Condensate Waste Sizing. Condensate are enclosed in a separate, approved compartment waste pipes from air-cooling coils shall be sized in having access only from outside of the garage, such accordance with equipment capacity as follows: appliances may be installed at floor level, provided Equipment Capacity Minimum Condensate the required combustion air is taken from and in Tons of Refrigeration(kW) Pipe Diameter in Inches(mm) discharged to the exterior of the garage. Up to 20 (Up to 70.34) 3/4 (20) Heating equipment located in rooms where 21-40 (73.85-140.67) 1 (25) cellulose nitrate plastic is stored or processed shall 41-90 (144.19-316.6) 1-1/4 (32) comply with the Fire Code. 91-125 (320.03-439.6) 1-1/2 (40) 126-250 (443.12-879.2) 2 (50) 309.0 Electrical Connections The size of condensate waste pipes may be for Equipment regulated by this code requiring electrical one unit or a combination of units, or as connections of more than fifty (50) Volts shall have a recommended by the manufacturer. The capacity of positive means of disconnect adjacent to and in sight waste pipes assumes a 1/8 inch per foot (10.5 from the equipment served. A 120-Volt receptacle mm/m) or one percent slope, with the pipe running shall be located within twenty-five (25) feet (7620 three-quarters full: mm) of the equipment for service and maintenance Outside Air—20% Room Air—80% purposes. The receptacle need not be located on the DB WB DB WB same level as the equipment. Low voltage wiring of 90°F 73`F 75°F 62.5°F fifty (50) Volts or less within a structure shall be (32°C) (23°C) (24°C) (1VC) installed in a manner to prevent physical damage. Condensate drain sizing for other slopes or other conditions shall be approved by the Administrative 310.0 Condensate Wastes and Control Authority. 310.1 Condensate Disposal. Condensate from air 310.4 Fuel-Burning Appliance Condensate washers, air cooling coils, fuel-burning condensing Drains. Condensate drain lines from individual appliances, the overflow from evaporative coolers fuel-burning condensing appliances shall be sized and similar water supplied equipment or similar air according to the manufacturers' recommendations. conditioning equipment shall be collected and Condensate drain lines serving more than one discharged to an approved plumbing fixture or appliance shall be approved by the Administrative disposal area.If discharged into the drainage system Authority prior to installation. equipment shall drain by means of an indirect waste 310.5 Plastic Fittings.Female PVC screwed fittings pipe. The waste pipe shall have a slope of not less shall be used with plastic male fittings and plastic than 1/8 inch per foot (10.5 mm/m) or one percent male threads only. slope and shall be of approved corrosion-resistant material not smaller than the outlet size as required in either Section 310.3 or 310.4 below for air-cooling 311.0 Personnel Protection coils or condensing fuel-burning appliances, A suitable and substantial metal guard shall be respectively. Condensate or waste water shall not provided around exposed flywheels, fans, pulleys, drain over a public way. belts and moving machinery which are portions of a 310.2 Condensate Control. When a cooling coil or heating,ventilating or refrigerating system. cooling unit is located in an attic or furred space where damage may result from condensate 312.0 Air Filters overflow,an additional water-tight pan of corrosion- resistant metal shall be installed beneath the cooling 312.1 Air filters shall be installed in a heating, coil or unit top to catch the overflow condensate due cooling or make-up air system. Such filters shall to a clogged primary condensate drain, or one pan comply with the standard, Air Filter Units, Test with a standing overflow and a separate secondary Performance II,as l of, which is referenced in Chapter 16, drain may be provided in lieu of the secondary drain Part II,as Class I or II filters. pan. The additional pan or the standing overflow Exception: Systems serving single guest rooms shall be provided with a drain pipe, minimum 3/4 or dwelling units shall not require a listed filter. inch (19.1 mm) nominal pipe size, discharging at a point which can be readily observed. 26 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Table 3-1 TABLE 3-1 Standard Installation Clearances in Inches for Unlisted Heat-Producing Appliances See Section 304.0. in x 25.4=ma! APPLIANCE FROM TOP RESIDENTIAL-TYPE APPLIANCES AND SIDES OF ABOVE TOP WARM-AIR OF CASING OR BONNET OR FROM FROM FROM FUEL APPLIANCE PLENUM FRONT1 BACK SIDES BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS Steam Boilers-15 psi(103.4 kPa) Automatic Oil or Water Boilers-250°F(121°C) Comb.Gas-Oil 6 24 6 6 Water Heaters-200oF(93°C) Automatic Gas 6 18 6 6 All Water Walled or Jacketed Solid 6 48 6 6 FURNACES—CENTRAL;OR HEATERS— Automatic Oil or ELECTRIC CENTRAL WARM-AIR FURNACES Comb.Gas-Oil 62 6' 24 6 6 Gravity,Upflow,Downflow,Horizontal and Automatic Gas 6' 62 18 6 6 Duct Warm-air-250°F(121°C)max. Solid 18' 183 48 18 18 Electric 62 62 18 1 6 6 FURNACES—FLOOR Automatic Oil or For Mounting in Combustible Floors Comb.Gas-Oil 36 12 12 12 Automatic Gas 36 12 12 12 HEAT EXCHANGERS Steam-15 psi(103.4 kPa)max. 1 1 1 1 1 Hot Water-250°F(121°C)max. ROOM HEATERS' Oil or Solid 36 24 12 12 Circulating Type Gas 36 24 12 12 Radiant or Other Type Oil or Solid 36 36 36 36 Gas 36 36 18 18 Gas with double metal or ceramic back 36 1 36 1 12 18 Fireplace Stove Solid 481 54 486 481 RADIATORS Steam or Hot Water" 36 6 6 6 RANGES—COOKING STOVES Firing opp Side Side Oil 30' 9 24 18 Gas 30' 6 6 6 Solid Clay-Lined Firepot 30' 24 24 18 Solid Unlined Firepot 30' 36 36 1 18 Electric 30' 6 6 INCINERATORS Domestic Types 361 48 36 36 APPLIANCE FROM TOP COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL-TYPE APPLIANCES AND SIDES OF ANY AND ALL PHYSICAL SIZES EXCEPT AS NOTED ABOVE TOP WARM-AIR OF CASING OR BONNET OR FROM FROM FROM FUEL APPLIANCE PLENUM FRONT1 BACK SIDES BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS 100 cu.ft.(2.832 m')or less Steam,any pressure All Fuels 18 48 18 18 50 psi(345 kPa)or less Any size All Fuels 18 48 18 18 UNIT HEATERS Steam or Hot Floor Mounted or Suspended—Any Size Water 1 1 1 Suspended-100 cu.ft.(2832 m')or less Oil or Comb. Gas-Oil 6 24 18 18 Suspended-100 cu.ft.(2832 m')or less Gas 6 18 18 18 Suspended—Over 100 cu.ft.(2832 m') All Fuels 18 48 18 18 Floor Mounted—Any Size All Fuels 18 48 18 18 RANGES—RESTAURANT-TYPE Floor Mounted All Fuels 48 48 18 18 OTHER LOW-HEAT INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES Floor Mounted or Suspended All Fuels 18 18 48 18 18 27 Table 3-1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE APPLIANCE FROM TOP COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL-TYPE APPLIANCES AND SIDES OF ANY AND ALL PHYSICAL SIZES EXCEPT AS NOTED ABOVE TOP WARM-AIR OF CASING OR BONNET OR FROM FROM FROM FUEL APPLIANCE PLENUM FRONTI BACK10 SIDES10 BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS Over 50 psi(345 kPa) All Fuels 48 96 36 36 Over 100 cu.ft.(2832 m') OTHER MEDIUM-HEAT INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES All Sizes All Fuels 48 36 96 36 36 INCINERATORS All Sizes 48 96 36 36 INDUSTRIAL-TYPE HIGH-HEAT APPLIANCES HIGH-HEAT INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES All Sizes All Fuels 1 180 1 360 120 120 Footnotes for Table 3-1 1 The minimum dimension shall be that necessary for servicing the appliance,including access for cleaning and normal care,tube removal,etc. 2 For a listed oil,combination gas-oil,gas or electric furnace this dimension may be two(2)inches(51 mm)if the furnace limit control cannot be set higher than 2507(121°C),or this dimension may be one(1)inch(25.4 mm)if the limit control cannot be set higher than 200'F(93°C),or the appliance shall be marked to indicate that the outlet air temperature cannot exceed 200'F(93°C). 3 The dimension may be six (6) inches (152 mm) for an automatically stoker-fired forced-warm-air furnace equipped with 250'F (121°C) limit control and with barometric draft control operated by draft intensity and permanently set to limit draft to a maximum intensity of 0.13 inch(3.3 mm)water gage. 4 Unlisted appliances shall be installed on noncombustible floors and may be installed on protected combustible floors. Heating appliances approved for installation on protected combustible flooring shall be so constructed that flame and hot gases do not come in contact with the appliance base. Protection for combustible floors shall consist of four(4) inch (102 mm) hollow masonry covered with sheet metal at least 0.021 inch(0.53 mm)thick(No.24 manufacturer's standard gage).Masonry shall be permanently fastened in place in an approved manner with the ends unsealed and joints matched so as to provide free circulation of air through the masonry.Floor protection shall extend twelve(12) inches (305 mm) at the sides and rear of the appliance, except that at least eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) shall be required on the appliance-opening side or sides measured horizontally from the edges of the opening. 5 The forty-eight(48)inch(1219 mm)clearance may be reduced to 36 inches(914 mm)when protection equivalent to that provided by(a)—(g)of Table 3-2 is applied to the combustible construction. 6 Steam pipes and hot water heating pipes shall be installed with a clearance of at least one(1)inch(25 mm)to all combustible construction or material,except that at the points where pipes carrying steam at not over fifteen(15)pounds gage pressure(103.4 kPa)or hot water emerge from a floor,wall or ceiling,the clearance at the opening through the finish floorboards or wall-ceiling boards may be reduced to not less than one-half(1/2)inch(12.7 mm).Each such opening shall be covered with a plate of noncombustible material. Such pipes passing through stock shelving shall be covered with not less than one(1)inch(25.4 mm)of approved insulation. Wood boxes or casings enclosing uninsulated steam or hot water heating pipes or wooden covers to recesses in walls in which such uninsulated pipes are placed shall be lined with metal or insulating millboard. Where the temperature of the boiler piping does not exceed 160'F(71°C),the provisions of this table shall not apply. Coverings or insulation used on steam or hot water pipes shall be of material suitable for the operating temperature of the system. The insulation or jackets shall be of noncombustible materials,or the insulation or jackets and lap-seal adhesives shall be tested as a composite product. Such composite product shall have a flame-spread rating of not more than twenty-five (25) and a smoke-developed rating not to exceed fifty(50)when tested in accordance with UBC Standard No.42-1. 7 To combustible material or metal cabinets. If the underside of such combustible material or metal cabinet is protected with insulating millboard at least one-quarter(1/4)inch(6.4 mm)thick covered with sheet metal of not less than 0.013 inch(0.33 mm)(No.28 gage),the distance may be reduced to twenty-four(24)inches(610 mm). 8 Clearance above charging door shall be at least forty-eight(48)inches(1219 mm). 9 If the appliance is encased in brick,the eighteen(18)inch(457 mm)clearance above and at the sides and rear may be reduced to twelve(12) inches(305 mm). 10If the appliance is encased in brick,the clearance above may be reduced to 36 inches(914 mm)and at the sides and rear may be reduced to eighteen(18)inches(457 mm). 28 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Table 3-2—Figure 3-1 TABLE 3-2 Clearances, in Inches,with Specified Forms of Protection's in x 25.4=mm Where the Standard Clearance in Table 3-1 with No Protection is: TYPE OF PROTECTION 36 inches 18 inches 12 inches 9 inches 6 inches Applied to the Combustible Material Unless Otherwise Specified and Covering All Chimney Chimney Chimney Chimney Surfaces Within the Distance Specified as Sides or Vent Sides or Vent Sides or Vent Sides or Vent the Required Clearance With No Protection and Con- and Con- and Con- and Con- (Thicknesses are Minimum) Above Rear nector Above Rear nector Above Rear nector Above Rear nector (a)1/4"in insulating millboard spaced out 1"' 30 18 30 15 9 12 9 6 6 3 2 3 (b)0.013"(No.28 manufacturer's standard gage)steel sheet on 1/4"insulating millboard 24 18 24 12 9 12 9 6 4 3 2 2 (c)0.013"(No.28 manufacturer's standard gage)steel sheet spaced out 1"3 18 12 18 9 6 9 6 4 4 2 2 2 (d)0.013"(No.28 manufacturer's standard gage)steel sheet on 1/8"insulating millboard spaced out 1"3 18 12 18 9 6 9 6 4 4 2 2 2 (e)1-1/2'insulating cement covering on heating appliance 18 12 36 9 6 18 6 4 9 2 1 6 (f) 1/4"insulating millboard on 1"mineral fiber batts reinforced with wire mesh or equivalent 18 12 18 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 (g)0.027"(No.22 manufacturer's standard gage)steel sheet on 1"mineral fiber batts reinforced with wire or equivalent 18 12 12 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 (h)1/4"insulating millboard 36 1 36 1 36 1 18 1 18 18 1 12 12 9 4 4 4 'For appliances complying with Sections 304.2 and 304.3 2Except for the protection described in(e),all clearances shall be measured from the outer surface of the appliance to the combustible material, disregarding any intervening protection applied to the combustible material. 'Spacers shall be of noncombustible material. Note:Insulating millboard is a factory made product formed of noncombustible materials,normally fibers,and having a thermal conductivity of 1 Btu-inch per square foot per degree F[1.73 W/(m•K)]or less. FIGURE 3-1 Extent of Protection Required to Reduce Clearances From Appliance,Chimney or Vent Connectors Construction Using Combustible Material, Wallboard, Plastered or Other Finish Sheet Metal or Other Protection i B C� �C A � Appliance or Connector A. Dimension shall be not less than the required clearance with no protection set forth in Tables 3-1 and 3-3 and in the sections applying to various types of appliances. B. Dimension shall be not less than the reduced clearance set forth in Table 3-2. C. Dimension shall be not less than the clearance required for dimension A. 29 Table 3-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 3-3 Chimney Connector and Vent Connector Clearances From Combustible Materials Minimum Clearance,) DESCRIPTION OF APPLIANCE Inches (mm) RESIDENTIAL-TYPE APPLIANCES Single-Wall Metal Pipe Connectors2 Gas appliances without draft hoods 18 (457) Electric, gas and oil incinerators 18 (457) Oil and solid-fuel appliances 18 (457) Unlisted gas appliances with draft hoods 9 (229) Boilers and furnaces equipped with listed gas burners and with draft hoods 93 (229) Oil appliances listed as suitable for use with Type L venting systems(but only when connected to chimneys) 9 (229) Listed gas appliances with draft hood 6 (152) Type L Venting System Piping Connectors Gas appliances without draft hoods 9 (229) Electric,gas and oil incinerators 9 (229) Oil and solid-fuel appliances 9 (229) Unlisted gas appliances with draft hoods 6 (152) Boilers and furnaces equipped with listed gas burners and with draft hoods 6 (152) Oil appliances listed as suitable for use with Type L venting systems —4 Listed gas appliances with draft hoods —5 Type B Gas Vent Piping Connectors Listed gas appliances with draft hoods —5 COMMERCIAL-INDUSTRIAL TYPE APPLIANCES Low-heat Appliances Single-Wall Metal Pipe Connectors2 Gas,oil and solid-fuel boilers,furnaces and water heaters 18 Ranges, restaurant-type 18 (457) Oil unit heaters 18 (457) Unlisted gas unit heaters 18 (457) Listed gas unit heaters with draft hoods 6 (152) Other low-heat industrial appliances 18 (457) Medium-heat Appliances Single-Wall Metal Pipe Connectors2 All gas,oil and solid-fuel appliances 36 (914) 1 These clearances apply except if the listing of an appliance specifies different clearance, in which case the listed clearance takes precedence. 2 The clearances from connectors to combustible materials may be reduced if the combustible material is protected in accordance with Table 3-2. 3 The dimension may be 6 inches (152 mm), provided the maximum flue temperatures entering the draft hood do not exceed 550'F (288°C). 4 If listed Type L venting system piping is used,the clearance may be in accordance with the venting system listing. 5 If listed Type B or Type L venting system piping is used,the clearance may be in accordance with the venting system listing. 30 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Table 3-4—Table 3-5 TABLE 3-4 Capacities of Listed Metal Appliance Connectors' For use with gas pressures 8-inch or more water column (1.99-kPa) Capacities for Various Lengths in Thousands Btu/h (based on a pressure drop of 0.2-inch (10.2-mm)water column) Flexible Natural Gas4 of 1100 Btu/cu. ft. (11.4 W/L) Semirigid Connector Connector Nominal 1 1-1/2' 2' 1 2-1/2' 3' 4' 1 5' 1 6' O.D.2, I.D.3, Ranges and Inches (mm) Inches (mm) All Gas Appliances Clothes Dryers 3/8 (9.5) 1/4 (6.4) 40 33 29 27 25 1/2 (12.7) 3/8 (9.5) 93 76 66 62 58 5/8 (15.9) 1/2 (12.7) 189 155 134 125 116 101 90 80 3/4 (19.1) 404 330 287 266 244 1 (25.4) 803 661 573 534 500 1 Gas connectors are certified by the testing agency as complete assemblies including the fittings and valves. Capacities shown are based on the use of fittings and valves supplied with the connector. 2 Outside diameter. 3 Internal diameter. 4 For liquefied petroleum gas, use 1.6 times the natural gas capacities shown. TABLE 3-5 Capacities of Listed Metal Appliance Connectorsl For use with gas pressures less than 8 inch water column (1.99-kPa) Capacities for Various Lengths in Thousands Btu/h (based on a pressure drop of 0.2-inch (10.2-mm)water column) Flexible Natural Gas4 of 1100 Btu/cu.ft. (11.4 W/L) Semirigid Connector Connector Nominal 1' 1-1/2' 1 2' 2-1/2' 3' 4' 5' 1 6' O.D.2, I.D.3, Ranges and Inches (mm) Inches (mm) All Gas Appliances Clothes Dryers 3/8 (9.5) 1/4 (6.4) 28 23 20 19 17 1/2 (12.7) 3/8 (9.5) 66 54 47 44 41 5/8 (15.9) 1/2 (12.7) 134 110 95 88 82 72 63 57 3/4 (19.1) 285 233 202 188 174 1 (25.4) 567 467 405 378 353 1 Gas connectors are certified by the testing agency as complete assemblies including the fittings and valves.Capacities shown are based on the use of fittings and valves supplied with the connector. 2 Semirigid connector listings are based on the outside diameter. 3 Flexible connector listings are based on nominal diameter. 4 For liquefied petroleum gas use, 1.6 times the natural gas capacities shown. 31 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 32 CHAPTER 4 VENTILATION AIR SUPPLY 401.0 General concrete slab extending not less than three (3) inches This chapter contains requirements for evaporative (76 mm)above the adjoining ground level. cooling systems and makeup air requirements for An evaporative cooler supported on an direct-gas fired heaters, industrial air heaters and above-ground platform shall be elevated at least six miscellaneous heaters. Ventilation air supply (6) inches(152 mm)above adjoining ground level. requirements for specific occupancies are found in the Building Code. Part I—Ventilation Air 402.0 Makeup Air Makeup air requirements for direct gas-fired heaters, industrial air heaters and miscellaneous heaters are found in Chapters 5 and 9. Part II—Evaporative Cooling Systems 403.0 General. Evaporative cooling systems shall comply with this chapter. Except for Section 906.0, evaporative cooling systems shall be provided with outside air as specified for cooling systems in this code. Air ducts and fire dampers which are a portion of an evaporative cooling system shall comply with this code. 404.0 Location. Evaporative cooling systems shall be installed so as to minimize the probability of damage from an external source. 405.0 Access, Inspection and Repair.Evaporative coolers shall be accessible for inspection,service and replacement without removing permanent construction. 406.0 Installation.An evaporative cooler supported by the building structure shall be installed on a substantial level base and shall be secured directly or indirectly to the building structure by suitable means to prevent displacement of the cooler. Modifications made to the supporting framework of buildings as a result of the installation shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Building Code. Openings in exterior walls shall be flashed in an approved manner in accordance with the requirements of the Building Code. An evaporative cooler supported directly by the ground shall be isolated from the ground by a level 33 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 34 CHAPTER 5 EXHAUST SYSTEMS 501.0 Scope provide the required air movement. Motors in areas This chapter includes requirements for which contain flammable vapors or dusts shall be of environmental air ducts,product conveying systems a type approved for such environments. A manually and commercial hoods and kitchen ventilation. operated remote control installed at an approved location shall be provided to shut off fans or blowers in flammable vapor or dust systems. Electrical Part I—Environmental Air Ducts and Product equipment used in operations that generate Conveying Systems explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts shall 502.0 Definitions be interlocked with the ventilation system so that the For the purposes of Part I, the following definitions equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation apply: fans are in operation.Motors for fans used to convey ENVIRONMENTAL AIR DUCT is ducting used for flammable vapors or dusts shall be located outside conveying air at temperatures not exceeding 250°F the duct or shall be protected with approved shields (121°C) to or from occupied areas of any occupancy and dustproofing. Motors and fans shall be through other than heating or air-conditioning accessible for servicing and maintenance. systems, such as ventilation for human usage, 503.2 Fans. Parts of fans in contact with explosive domestic kitchen range exhaust, bathroom exhaust or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts shall be of ducts,and domestic-type clothes dryer exhaust ducts. nonferrous or nonsparking materials or their casing FLAMMABLE VAPOR OR FUMES is the shall be lined or constructed of such material. When concentration of flammable constituents in air that the size and hardness of materials passing through a exceeds twenty-five percent (25%) of its lower fan could produce a spark, both the fan and the flammability limit(LFL). casing shall be of nonsparking materials. When fans are required to be spark- resistant, their bearings PRODUCT-CONVEYING DUCT is ducting used shall not be within the airstream,and all parts of the for conveying solid particulates,such as refuse,dust, fan shall be grounded. Fans in systems handling fumes and smoke; liquid particulate matter, such as materials that are likely to clog the blades, and fans spray residue , mists and fogs; vapors, such as in buffing or woodworking exhaust systems,shall be vapors from flammable or corrosive liquids;noxious of the radial-blade or tube-axial-type. and toxic gases; and air at temperatures exceeding Equipment used to exhaust explosive or 250°F(121°Ca. flammable vapors, fumes or dusts shall bear an 502.1 Product-Conveying Ducts—Classification identification plate stating the ventilation rate for Product-conveying ducts shall be classified which the system was designed. according to their use,as follows: Fans located in systems conveying corrosives Class 1. Ducts conveying nonabrasives, such as shall be of materials that are resistant to the corrosive smoke, spray, mists, fogs, noncorrosive fumes and or shall be coated with corrosion-resistant materials. gases,light fine dusts or powders. 503.3 Air filters shall be listed units. Liquid Class 2. Ducts conveying moderately abrasive adhesive coatings used on filters shall have a flash particulate in light concentrations, such as sawdust point of 350°F (177°C) or higher, as determined by and grain dust,buffing and polishing dust. the Fire Code standards. Class 3. Ducts conveying Class 2 materials in high concentrations and highly abrasive materials in low 504.0 Environmental Air Ducts concentrations, such as manganese, steel chips and 504.1 Makeup and Exhaust Air Ducts. coke. Environmental air ducts not regulated by other Class 4. Ducts conveying highly abrasive material in provisions of this code shall comply with this high concentrations. section.Ducts shall be substantially airtight and shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 6. Exhaust Class 5. Ducts conveying corrosives, such as acid ducts shall not extend into or through ducts or vapors. plenums. Exhaust ducts shall terminate outside the building and shall be equipped with back-draft 503.0 Motors, Fans and Filters dampers. Environmental air ducts which have an 503.1 General. Motors and fans shall be sized to alternate function as a part of an approved 35 504.1 —505.1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE smoke-control system do not require design as Class 504.3.2.2 Length Limitation. Unless 1 product-conveying ducts. otherwise permitted or required by the dryer 504.2 Domestic Range Vents. Ducts used for manufacturer's installation instructions and domestic kitchen range ventilation shall be of metal approved by the Administrative Authority, and shall have smooth interior surfaces. domestic dryer moisture exhaust ducts shall Exception: Ducts for domestic kitchen not exceed a total combined horizontal and downdraft grill-range ventilation installed under vertical length of fourteen (14) feet (4263 a concrete slab floor may be of approved mm), including two (2) ninety degree (90°) Schedule 40 PVC provided: (1.57 rad) elbows. Two (2) feet (610 mm) 1. The under-floor trench in which the duct is shall be deducted for each ninety degree installed shall be completely backfilled with (90°)(1.57 rad)elbow in excess of two. sand or gravel. 504.3.3 Commercial Clothes Dryers. 2. Not more than one (1) inch (25.4 mm) of six Commercial dryer exhaust ducts shall be (6) inch diameter (152 mm) PVC coupling may installed in accordance with their listings. The protrude above the concrete floor surface. installation of commercial clothes dryer exhaust 3. PVC pipe joints shall be solvent cemented to ducts shall comply with the appliance provided an air-and grease-tight duct. manufacturer's installation instructions. 4. The duct shall terminate above grade 504.4 Heat(Energy) Recovery Ventilators outside the building and shall be equipped with 504.4.1 Heat (Energy) Recovery Ventilators a backdraft damper. shall be installed in accordance with their 504.3 Clothes Dryers listings and comply with the appliance 504.3.1 Moisture Exhaust Ducts. Moisture manufacturer's installation instructions. Heat exhaust ducts shall terminate on the outside of (energy) recovery ventilator ducts shall comply the building and shall be equipped with a back- with the provisions of Chapter 6. draft damper. Screens shall not be installed at 504.5 Termination of Environmental Air Ducts. the duct termination. Ducts for exhausting Environmental air duct exhaust: three (3) feet (914 clothes dryers shall not be connected or installed mm)from property line;three(3)feet(914 mm)from with sheet metal screws or other fasteners which openings into the building. will obstruct the flow. Clothes dryer moisture- 504.6 Gypsum Wallboard Ducts. Bathroom and exhaust ducts shall not be connected to a gas laundry room exhaust ducts may be of gypsum vent connector, gas vent or chimney. Clothes wallboard subject to the limitations of Section 602.1. dryer moisture exhaust ducts shall not extend into or through ducts or plenums. 504.3.2 Domestic Clothes Dryers. When a 505.0 Design of Product-Conveying Ventilation compartment or space for a domestic clothes Systems dryer is provided, a minimum four (4) inch 505.1 General. A mechanical ventilation or exhaust diameter (102 mm) moisture exhaust duct of system shall be installed to control, capture and approved material shall be installed in remove emissions generated from product use or accordance with this section and Section 504.0. handling when required by the Building Code or When a closet is designed for the installation Fire Code and when such emissions result in a of a clothes dryer, a minimum opening of 100 hazard to life or property. The design of the system square inches(64,516 mm)for makeup air shall be shall be such that the emissions are confined to the provided in the door or by other approved means. area in which they are generated by air currents, 504.3.2.1 Domestic Dryer Vents, hoods or enclosures and shall be exhausted by a duct Domestic clothes dryer moisture exhaust system to a safe location or treated by removing ducts shall be of metal and shall have contaminants. Ducts conveying explosives or smooth interior surfaces. flammable vapors, fumes or dusts shall extend directly to the exterior of the building without Exception: Approved flexible duct entering other spaces. Exhaust ducts shall not extend connectors not more than six (6) feet into or through ducts and plenums. (1829 mm) in length may be used in connection with domestic dryer Exception: Ducts conveying vapor or fumes exhausts. having flammable constituents less than 25 Flexible duct connectors shall not be percent of their lower flammability limit (LFL) concealed within construction. may pass through other spaces. 36 EXHAUST SYSTEMS 505.1 —506.1 Separate and distinct systems shall be provided originate in a concentrated area. The design of the for incompatible materials. hood or enclosure shall be such that air currents Contaminated air shall not be recirculated to created by the exhaust systems will capture the occupied areas unless contaminants have been contaminants and transport them directly to the removed. Air contaminated with explosive or exhaust duct. The volume of air shall be sufficient to flammable vapors, fumes or dusts; flammable or dilute explosive or flammable vapors,fumes or dusts toxic gases, or radioactive material shall not be as set forth in Section 505.2.Hoods of steel shall have recirculated. a base metal thickness not less than 0.027 inch (0.69 505.2 Minimum Velocities and Circulation. The mm) (22 gage) for Class 1 and Class 5 metal duct velocity and circulation of air in work areas shall be systems; 0.033 inch (0.84 mm) (20 gage) for hoods such that contaminants are captured by an airstream serving a Class 2 duct system; 0.044 inch (1.12 mm) at the area where the emissions are generated and (18 gage) for hoods serving a Class 3 duct system; conveyed into a product-conveying duct system. and 0.068 inch(1.73 mm) (14 gage)for hoods serving Mixtures within work areas where contaminants are a Class 4 duct system. generated shall be diluted below 25 percent of their Approved nonmetallic hoods and duct systems lower explosive limit or lower flammability limit may be used for Class 5 corrosive systems when the with air which does not contain other contaminants. corrosive mixture is nonflammable. Metal hoods The velocity of air within the duct shall be not less used with Class 5 duct systems shall be protected than set forth in Table 5-1. with suitable corrosion-resistant material. Edges of Systems for removal of vapors,gases and smoke hoods shall be rounded. The minimum clearance shall be designed by the constant velocity or equal between hoods and combustible construction shall friction methods. Systems conveying particulate be the clearance required by the duct system. matter shall be designed employing the constant velocity method. Systems conveying explosive or 506.0 Product Conveying Ducts radioactive materials shall be prebalanced through 506.1 Materials. Materials used in product- duct sizing. Other systems may be designed with conveying duct systems shall be suitable for the balancing devices such as dampers. Dampers intended use and shall be of metal. provided to balance air flow shall be provided with securely fixed minimum-position blocking devices to Exceptions: prevent restricting flow below the required volume 1. Asbestos-cement, concrete, clay or ceramic or velocity. materials may be used when it is shown that 505.3 Makeup Air.Makeup air shall be provided to these materials will be equivalent to metal ducts replenish air exhausted by the ventilation system. installed in accordance with this chapter. Makeup-air intakes shall be located so as to avoid 2. Ducts serving a Class 5 system may be recirculation of contaminated air within enclosures. constructed of approved nonmetallic material 505.4 Hoods and Enclosures. Hoods and When the corrosive characteristics of the material enclosures shall be used when contaminants being conveyed make a metal system unsuitable TABLE 5-1 Minimum Conveying Velocities Feet per Minute Vapors,gases,smoke,fumes Any Fine light dusts,such as cotton, lint and wood flour(100 mesh and under) 2000 (10.2) Dry dusts;powders,such as fine rubber molding power,soap dust 2500' (12.7)' Industrial dusts Average dusts,such as sawdust,grinding dust,coal dust 3500 (17.8) Heavy dusts,such as metal turnings,lead dusts 4000 (20.3) Moist dusts and chips,such as lead dust with chips,sticky buffing lint, quick-lime dust 4500 (22.9) 'The velocity for aluminum and magnesium powder shall be not less than 4000 feet per minute(20.3 m/s). 37 506.1 —506.7 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE and when the mixture being conveyed is building official. The design of rectangular ducts nonflammable. shall consider the adhesiveness and buildup of Approved nonmetallic material shall be either products being conveyed within the duct. a listed product having a flame-spread index of Aluminum construction may be used in Class 1 twenty-five (25) or less and a smoke-developed duct systems only. The thickness of aluminum ducts rating of fifty (50) or less on both inside and shall be at least two Brown and Sharpe gages thicker outside surfaces without evidence of continued than the gages required for steel ducts set forth in progressive combustion, or shall have a Tables 6-7 and 6-8. flame-spread index of twenty-five(25) or less and 506.3 Fittings. Fittings in Class 2, 3 and 4 systems shall be installed with an automatic fire-sprinkler shall be not less than two gages thicker than the protection system inside the duct. thickness required for straight runs. Flexible metallic 3. Ducts used in central vacuum-cleaning duct may be used for connecting ductwork to systems within a dwelling unit may be of PVC vibrating equipment. Duct systems subject to wide pipe. Penetrations of fire walls, floor-ceiling or temperature fluctuations shall be provided with roof-ceiling assemblies shall comply with the expansion joints. Building Code. Copper or ferrous pipes or Branches shall connect to main ducts at the large conduits extending from within the separation end of transitions at an angle not exceeding fourty- between a garage and dwelling unit to the five(45)degrees(0.79 rad). central vacuuming unit may be used. Except for ducts used to convey noncorrosive Aluminum ducts shall not be used in systems vapors with no particulate,accessible cleanouts shall conveying flammable vapors, fumes or explosive be provided at ten (10) feet (3048 mm) intervals and dusts,nor in Class 2,3 or 4 systems.Galvanized steel at changes in direction. Access openings shall also be and aluminum ducts shall not be used when the provided for access to sprinklers and other temperature of the material being conveyed exceeds equipment within the duct which requires servicing. 400°F(205°C). 506.4 Explosion Venting.Ducts conveying explosive Metal ducts used in Class 5 systems that are not dusts shall have explosion vents, openings protected resistant to the corrosiveness of the product shall be by antiflashback swing valves or rupture diaphragms. protected with appropriate corrosion-resistant Openings to relieve explosive forces shall be located material. outside the building. When relief devices cannot 506.2 Construction. Ducts used for conveying provide sufficient pressure relief, ductwork shall be products shall be of substantial airtight construction designed to withstand an internal pressure of not less and shall not have openings other than those than 100 pounds per square inch(689 kPa). required for operation and maintenance of the 506.5 Supports. Spacing of supports for ducts shall system. Ducts constructed of steel shall comply with not exceed twelve(12)feet(3658 mm)for eight(8)inch Table 6-7 or 6-8. (203 mm) ducts nor twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) for Exceptions: larger ducts unless justified by the design. The design 1. Class 1 product-conveying ducts that of supports shall assume that fifty percent(50%)of the operate at less than four (4) inches water duct is full of the particulate being conveyed. column (995.6 Pa) negative pressure and convey 506.6 Fire Protection. Sprinklers or other noncorrosive, nonflammable and nonexplosive fire-protection devices shall be installed within ducts materials at temperatures not exceeding 250°F having a cross-sectional dimension exceeding ten (10) (121°C) may be constructed in accordance with inches (254 mm) when the duct conveys flammable Tables 6-1, 6-2, 6-5 or, with prior approval, vapors or fumes.Sprinklers shall be installed at twelve U.M.C.Standard No.6-2. (12)foot(3658 mm)intervals in horizontal ducts and at 2. Ducts used in central vacuuming systems changes in direction. In vertical runs, sprinklers shall within a dwelling unit may be constructed of be installed at the top and at alternate floor levels. PVC pipe. Penetrations of fire-resistive walls, 506.7 Clearances. Ducts conveying flammable or floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling assemblies shall explosive vapors, fumes or dusts shall have a comply with the Building Code. Copper or clearance from combustibles of not less than eighteen ferrous pipes or conduit extending from within (18) inches (457 mm).This clearance may be reduced the separation between a garage and dwelling when the combustible construction is protected in unit to the central vacuum unit may be used. accordance with Table 3-2. The use of rectangular ducts conveying Ducts conveying products at temperatures particulates shall be subject to approval of the exceeding 125°F (52°C) shall have a clearance to 38 EXHAUST SYSTEMS 506.7—508.2 combustible materials not less than the following: removing grease, vapors, fumes, smoke, steam,heat 1257 (52°C) to 250°F (121°C)-1 inch (25.4 mm); or odors from commercial food heat-processing 251'F (122°C) to 600°F (316°C)--8 inches (203 mm). equipment. For temperatures exceeding 600°F (316°C), the Type I Hood is a kitchen hood for collecting and clearance shall be not less than required for removing grease and smoke. chimneys in Table 8-3. Type II Hood is a general kitchen hood for 506.8 Protection from Physical Damage. Ducts collecting and removing steam, vapor, heat or installed in locations where they are subject to odors. physical damage shall be protected by suitable guards. 506.9 Exhaust Outlets. Outlets for exhausts that 508.0 Kitchen Ventilation Systems exceed 600°F (315°C) shall be in accordance with 508.1 Materials Table 8-3. 508.1.1 Grease Ducts. Grease ducts and The termination point for exhaust ducts plenums serving a Type I hood shall be discharging to the atmosphere shall be not less than constructed of at least 0.055-inch-thick (1.4-mm) the following: (No. 16 manufacturer's standard gage) steel or 506.9.1 Ducts conveying explosive or stainless steel at least 0.044 inch (1.12 mm) in flammable vapors, fumes or dusts: thirty (30) thickness. feet (9144 mm) from property line; ten (10) feet Exhaust fan housings serving a Type I hood (3048 mm) from openings into the building: six shall be constructed of steel. (6) feet (1829 mm) from exterior walls or roofs; Exception: Fans listed as "Power Roof thirty (30) feet (9144 mm) from combustible Ventilators for Restaurant Cooking walls or openings into the building which are in Appliances." the direction of the exhaust discharge; ten (10) joints and seams shall be made with a feet(3048 mm)above adjoining grade. continuous liquid-tight weld or braze made on 506.9.2 Other product-conveying outlets: ten the external surface of the duct system. A (10) feet (3048 mm) from property line; three (3) vibration isolation connector may be used, feet(914 mm) from exterior wall or roof; ten(10) provided it consists of noncombustible packing feet (3048 mm) from openings into the building; in a metal sleeve joint of approved design. ten(10)feet(3048 mm)above adjoining grade. Duct bracing and supports shall be of noncombustible material, securely attached to the Part 11—Commercial Hoods and Kitchen structure and designed to carry gravity and lateral Ventilation loads within the stress limitations of the Building 507.0 Definitions Code. Bolts, screws, rivets and other mechanical fasteners shall not penetrate duct walls. For the purpose of this part,the following definitions 508.1.2 Ducts, Non-Grease. Ducts and shall apply: plenums serving Type II hoods shall be COMMERCIAL FOOD HEAT-PROCESSING constructed of rigid metallic materials as set EQUIPMENT is equipment used in a food forth in Chapter 6. Duct bracing and supports establishment for heat-processing food or utensils shall comply with Chapter 6. Ducts subject to and which produces grease vapors, steam, fumes, positive pressure shall be adequately sealed. smoke or odors which are required to be removed 508.1.3 Corrosion Protection. Ducts exposed through a local exhaust ventilation system. to the outside atmosphere or subject to a COMPENSATING HOOD is a hood that has an corrosive environment shall be protected against outside air supply with air delivered below or within corrosion. Galvanization of metal parts, the hood. When makeup air is diffused directly into protection with noncorrosive paints and the exhaust within the hood cavity, it becomes a waterproof insulation are considered acceptable short-circuit hood. methods of protection. GREASE FILTER is a device used to capture by 508.2 Prevention of Grease Accumulation. Duct entrapment, impingement, adhesion or similar systems serving a Type I hood shall be so means, grease and similar contaminants before they constructed and installed that grease cannot become enter a duct system. pocketed in any portion thereof,and the system shall HOOD is an air-intake device connected to a slope not less than 1/4 inch per lineal foot (21 mechanical exhaust system for collecting and mm/m) toward the hood or toward an approved 39 508.2—508.9 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE grease reservoir. Where horizontal ducts exceed and vented to the exterior through weather- seventy-five(75) feet(22860 mm) in length,the slope protected openings. The enclosure shall be separated shall be not less than one (1) inch per lineal foot (83 from the duct by at least three (3) inches (76 mm) mm/m). When a centrifugal fan is used, it shall be and not more than twelve (12) inches (305 mm) and positioned so the discharge outlet is either vertical or shall serve a single grease exhaust duct system. bottom horizontal with the air so diverted that there 508.5 Fire-Resistive Access Opening. When will be no impingement on the roof,other equipment cleanout openings are located in ducts within a fire- or parts of the structure. A vertical discharge fan resistive shaft or enclosure, access openings shall be shall be manufactured with an approved drain outlet provided in the shaft or enclosure at each cleanout at the bottom of the housing to permit drainage of point. These access openings shall be equipped with grease to an approved collection device. tight-fitting sliding or hinged doors which are equal When a centrifugal fan with bottom horizontal in fire-resistive protection to that of the shaft or discharge is located outside the building, a duct or enclosure. duct fitting that diverts the discharge from the grease 508.6 Air Velocity. Grease duct systems serving a exhaust duct system in an upward direction may be Type I hood shall be designed and installed in a connected to the fan outlet, provided the following manner to provide an air velocity within the duct conditions are met: system of not less than 1500 feet per minute(7.65 m/s) 508.2.1 The duct or duct fitting shall be and not to exceed 2500 feet per minute(12.8 m/s). constructed of metal as set forth in Tables 6-1 508.7 Separation of Grease Duct System. A and 6-2 or U.M.C.Standard No.6-2. separate grease duct system shall be provided for 508.2.2 The maximum total developed length each Type I hood, except that a single duct system of the duct or duct fitting measured along the may serve more than one hood located in the same center line shall not exceed three times the story of the building,provided that all hoods served vertical dimension of the fan outlet. by the system shall be located in the same room or 508.2.3 The duct or duct fitting shall be adjoining rooms; portions of the interconnecting provided with openings at the lowest point to ducts shall not pass through any construction which permit drainage of grease to an approved Would require the opening to be fire protected as collection device. specified in the Building Code. 508.3 Cleanouts and Other Openings.Grease duct 508.8 Clearances. Exposed grease duct systems systems shall not have openings therein other than serving a Type I hood shall have a clearance from those required for proper operation and maintenance unprotected combustible construction of at least of the system. Any portion of such system having eighteen(18) inches (457 mm).This clearance may be sections inaccessible from the duct entry or discharge reduced to not less than three (3) inches (76 mm), shall be provided with adequate cleanout openings. provided the combustible construction is protected Cleanout openings shall be equipped with tight- with material required for one-hour fire-resistive fitting doors constructed of steel having a thickness construction. not less than that required for the duct. Doors shall 508.9 Exhaust Outlets. Exhaust outlets for grease be equipped with a substantial method of latching, ducts serving commercial food heat-processing sufficient to hold the door tightly closed. Doors shall equipment shall extend through the roof unless be so designed that they can be opened without the otherwise approved by the Administrative Authority. use of a tool. Such extension shall be at least two (2) feet (610 mm) 508.4 Duct Enclosure. A grease duct serving a above the roof surface,at least ten(10)feet(3048 mm) Type I hood which penetrates a ceiling, wall or floor from parts of the same or contiguous buildings, shall be enclosed in a duct enclosure from the point adjacent property line or air intake opening into any of penetration. A duct may only penetrate exterior building, and shall be located at least ten (10) feet walls at locations where unprotected openings are (3048 mm)above the adjoining grade level. permitted by the Building Code. Duct enclosures Exceptions: shall be constructed as the Building Code requires 1. Exhaust outlets for grease ducts serving shaft enclosures to be constructed. Duct enclosures commercial food heat-processing equipment shall be of at least one-hour fire-resistive may terminate not less than five (5) feet (1524 construction in all buildings and shall be of two-hour mm) from an adjacent building, adjacent fire-resistive construction in Types I and II fire- property line or air intake opening into a resistive buildings. The duct enclosure shall be building if the air from the exhaust outlet is sealed around the duct at the point of penetration discharged away from such locations. 40 EXHAUST SYSTEMS 508.9—509.6 2. Upon approval of the building official, the provided the combustible material is protected with exhaust from any hood serving commercial food materials as specified for one-hour fire-resistive heat-processing equipment may terminate in a construction on the hood side. Hoods less than properly engineered air recovery system for twelve (12) inches (305 mm) from the ceiling or wall recirculation to the room in which the hood is shall be flashed solidly with materials of the thickness located. specified in Section 509.2 or materials conforming to 508.10 Fuel-Burning Appliances. When vented one-hour fire-resistive construction. fuel-burning appliances are located in the same room Type I hoods or portions thereof penetrating a or space as the hood, the vent shall be arranged to ceiling,wall or furred space shall comply with all the prevent the hood system from interfering with requirements of Section 508.4. normal operation of the appliance vent. 509.5 Grease Filters. Type I hoods shall be equipped with approved grease filters or grease 509.0 Hoods extractors designed for the specific purpose. Grease 509.1 Where Required. Hoods shall be installed at collecting equipment shall be accessible for cleaning. or above all commercial-type deep fat fryers, The lowest edge of a grease filter located above the broilers, fry grills, steam-jacketed kettles, hot-top cooking surface shall be at least the height set forth ranges, ovens, barbecues, rotisseries, dishwashing in Table 5-2. machines and similar equipment which produce Filters and grease extractors shall be of such size, comparable amounts of steam,smoke,grease or heat type and arrangement as will permit the required in a food-processing establishment. For the purpose quantity of air to pass through such units at rates not of this section, a food-processing establishment shall exceeding those for which the filter or unit was include any building or portion thereof used for the designed or approved. Filter units shall be installed processing of food, but shall not include a dwelling in frames or holders with handles by which they unit. may be readily removed without the use of tools, 509.2 Materials and Installation. Types I and II unless designed and installed to be cleaned in place hoods shall be constructed of galvanized steel, and the system is equipped for such cleaning in stainless steel, copper or other material approved by phee They h be shall bet sized and h a dishwashing adereo le so the Administrative Authority for the use intended. y y p g machine or cleaned in a pot sink and so arranged in place or Type I hoods constructed of galvanized steel provided with drip intercepting devices as to avoid shall be at least 0.030 inch (0.76 mm) (No. 22 gage) grease or other condensate from dripping into food steel. or on food preparation surfaces. Type II hoods shall be constructed of at least Filters shall be installed at an angle greater than 0.024 inch(0.61 mm) (No.24 gage)steel. forty-five degrees(45°) (0.79 rad) from the horizontal Hoods constructed of copper shall be of copper and shall be equipped with a drip tray beneath the sheets weighing at least twenty-four (24) ounces per lower edge of the filters. square foot (7.32 kg/ml). Hoods constructed of stainless steel shall have a minimum thickness of TABLE 5-2 0.030 inch(0.76 mm). Hoods shall be secured in place by Minimum Distance Between the Lowest Edge of a Grease Filter and the Cooking or Heating Surface noncombustible supports. Joints and seams shall be substantially tight. Duct System and Hood with Solder shall not be used except for sealing a joint or Fire-Extinguishing System seam. 509.3 Cleaning and Grease Gutters. A hood shall No exposed flame grills, feet (mm) be designed to provide for thorough cleaning of the french fryers, etc. 2 (610) entire hood when installed. When grease gutters are Exposed flame and burners 2 (610) provided, they shall drain to a collecting receptacle, Exposed charcoal and fabricated,designed and installed to be accessible for charbroil-type fires 3-1/2 (1067) cleaning. 509.4 Clearances for Type I Hood. A Type I hood 509.6 Canopy Size and Location. For canopy-type shall be installed with clearance from combustible commercial cooking hoods, the inside edge thereof construction of at least 18 inches (457 mm). This shall overhang or extend a horizontal distance of not clearance may be reduced to three(3)inches(76 mm), 41 509.6—509.11 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE less than six (6) inches (152 mm) beyond the edge of 509.7.4 Type I hoods where the cooking the cooking surface on all open sides,and the vertical equipment includes low-temperature appliances distance between the lip of the hood and the cooking such as medium-to-low-temperature ranges, surface shall not exceed four(4)feet(1219 mm). roasters, roasting ovens, pastry ovens and Exception: Listed exhaust hoods are to be equipment approved for use under a Type II installed in accordance with the terms of their hood,such as pizza ovens: listing and manufacturer's installation Number of Exposed Sides Formula instructions. 4 (island or central hood) Q=75A 509.7 Capacity of Hoods.Canopy-type commercial 3 or less Q=50A cooking hoods shall exhaust through the hood a Alternate formula Q=50PD minimum quantity of air determined by application Exception: Listed exhaust hoods are to be of the following formulas: installed in accordance with the terms of their WHERE: listing and the manufacturer's installation A = the horizontal surface area of the hood, in instructions. square feet(ml). 509.8 Capacity for Noncanopy Hoods. In addition P = that part of the perimeter of the hood that to all other requirements for hoods specified in this is open, in feet (mm). section, the volume of air exhausting through a D= distance in feet (mm) between the lower lip noncanopy-type hood to the duct system shall be not of the hood and the cooking surface. less than 300 cubic feet per minute per lineal foot Q= quantity of air, in cubic feet per minute (465 L/s per m) of cooking equipment. Listed (Vs). noncanopy exhaust hoods and filters shall be sized When cooking equipment is installed back to and installed in accordance with the terms of their back and is covered by a common island-type hood, listing and the manufacturer's installation the airflow required may be calculated using the instructions. formula for three sides exposed. Type II hood 509.9 Makeup Air. Each room provided with an airflow requirements shall be in accordance with the exhaust system shall have air supplied to the room requirements for low-temperature appliance hoods. equal to the amount of air to be exhausted. Makeup 509.7.1 Type I hoods for use over solid-fuel diffusers shall be located to prevent a short- cooking equipment shall be provided with circuiting of air furnished to the exhaust system. separate exhaust systems. Undefined cooking Windows and doors shall not be used for the equipment other than solid-fuel cooking purpose of providing makeup air. The exhaust and equipment may be installed under a common makeup air systems shall be connected by an hood. The minimum airflow for solid-fuel electrical interlocking switch. Compensating hoods cooking equipment,grease-burning charbroilers, shall meet the airflow requirements specified in and undefined equipment shall be: Sections 509.7.2 through 509.7.4. Compensating Number of Exposed Sides Formula hoods shall extract at least twenty percent (20%) of 4 (island or central hood) Q=300A their required exhaust airflow from the kitchen area. 3 or less Q=200A 509.10 Exhaust Outlet. An exhaust outlet within Alternate formula Q= 100PD the hood shall be so located as to optimize the 509.7.2 Type I hoods when the cooking capture of particulate matter. Each outlet shall serve equipment includes high-temperature not more than a twelve(12) foot(3658 mm)section of appliances such as deep-fat fryers: hood. Number of Exposed Sides Formula Exception: Listed exhaust hoods are to be installed in accordance with terms of their listing 4 (island or central hood) Q= 150A and the manufacturer's installation instructions. 3 or less Q= 100A 509.11 Performance Test. Upon completion and Alternate formula Q= 100PD before final approval of the installation of a 509.7.3 Type I hoods where the cooking ventilation system serving commercial food heat- equipment includes medium-temperature processing equipment, a performance test may be appliances such as rotisseries,grills and ranges: required to verify the rate of airflow and proper Number of Exposed Sides Formula operation as specified in this chapter. The permittee 4 (island or central hood) Q= 100A shall furnish the necessary test equipment and 3 or less Q=75A devices required to perform the tests. Alternate formula Q= 50PD 42 EXHAUST SYSTEMS 510.0—510.3 510.0 Motors, Fans and Safety Devices ventilating duct. Additional nozzles 510.1 General.Motors and fans shall be of sufficient symmetrically arranged to give equal capacity to provide the required air movement as distribution shall be installed within vertical specified in this chapter.Electrical equipment shall be ducts exceeding twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) approved for the class of use as provided in the and horizontal ducts exceeding fifty (50) feet Electrical Code. Motors and fans shall be accessible (15240 mm). In carbon dioxide systems, for servicing or maintenance. Motors shall not be dampers shall be arranged to operate installed within ducts or under hoods. automatically in the event that the 510.2 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment for extinguishing system operates. When the Protection of Kitchen Grease Hoods and Ducts damper is installed at the top of the duct,the top nozzle shall be immediately below the 510.2.1 Where Required. Approved fire- damper. The quantity of carbon dioxide in extinguishing systems shall be provided for the the system shall be sufficient to protect all protection of commercial food heat-processing hazards venting a common duct equipment. simultaneously. Exception: The requirement for protection 510.2.4.2 All fire-extinguishing systems does not include steam kettles and steam shall be interconnected to the fuel or current tables or equipment which, as used, does supply so that the fuel or current is not create grease-laden vapors. automatically shut off to all equipment 510.2.2 Extent of Protection. The fire- under the hood when the system is extinguishing system used to protect ventilating actuated. hoods and ducts and cooking appliances shall be 510.2.4.3 Shutoffs, valves or switches shall installed to include cooking surfaces, deep-fat be of the type that requires manual fryers, griddles, upright broilers, charbroilers, operation to reset. In addition, carbon grease-burning charbroilers, range tops and dioxide systems shall be similarly grills. Protection shall also be provided for the interconnected to shut off the ventilation enclosed plenum space within the hood above fan. filters and in exhaust ducts serving the hood. 510.2.4.4 Commercial cooking equipment Exception: That portion of the fire- protected by automatic sprinkler systems extinguishing system required for protection shall be controlled by a separate readily of the plenum space within the hood accessible indicating-types control valve beyond the filter and within the exhaust that is identified. Where sprinklers are used duct serving the hood may be omitted when to protect fryers, each fryer or pair of fryers approved listed grease extractors are shall be protected with a sprinkler arranged installed. to operate at not less than thirty (30) psi 510.2.3 Type of System. The system used for (207 kPa). protection of commercial cooking equipment 510.2.4.5 A readily accessible manual shall be either a system listed for application activating device installed at an approved with such equipment or an automatic fixed pipe location shall be provided for dry chemical, system that is specifically designed for such carbon dioxide and wet chemical systems. application. Listed systems shall be installed in The actuation device may be either accordance with their listing. Other systems mechanically or electrically operated. If shall be of an approved design and shall be of electrical power is used, the system shall be one of the following types: connected to a standby power system and a 510.2.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. visual means shall be provided to show that 510.2.3.2 Dry-chemical extinguishing the extinguishing system is energized. system. 510.2.5 Posting Operating Instructions. 510.2.3.3 Carbon dioxide extinguishing Instructions for manually operating the fire- system. extinguishing system shall be posted at a 510.2.3.4 Wet chemical extinguishing conspicuous location within the kitchen. system. 510.3 Fire Dampers. Fire dampers shall not be 510.2.4 Detailed Requirements installed in duct systems unless they are listed for such use or are part of a listed exhaust hood, fire- 510.2.4.1 When carbon dioxide systems are extinguishing system or an approved fan bypass. used,there shall be a nozzle at the top of the 43 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 44 CHAPTER 6 DUCT SYSTEMS 601.0 Scope through ducts or plenums. For appliance vents and 601.1 Ducts and plenums which are portions of a chimneys,see Chapter 8. heating, cooling, absorption or evaporative cooling 602.2 Combustibles within Ducts or Plenums. or product conveying system shall comply with the Materials exposed within ducts or plenums shall requirements of this chapter. have a flame-spread index of not more than 25 and a 601.2 Sizing Requirements. Duct systems used smoke-developed rating of not more than 50 when with blower-type equipment which are portions of a tested in accordance with the test for surface burning heating, cooling, absorption, evaporative cooling or characteristics of building materials. (See the outdoor air ventilation system shall be sized in building code standards based on ASTM E-84-91a accordance with Chapter 16, Part II Referenced and ANSI/UL 723-86.) Standards or by other approved methods. Exceptions: 1. Return-air and outside-air ducts,plenums or 602.0 Material concealed spaces which serve a dwelling unit 602.1 General. Supply air, return air and outside may be of combustible construction. air for heating, cooling or evaporative cooling 2. Air filters meeting the requirements of systems shall be conducted through duct systems Sections 312.0 and 503.3. constructed of metal as set forth in Tables 6-1, 6-2 3. Water evaporation media in an evaporative and 6-3 or metal ducts complying with U.M.C. cooler. IStandard No. 6-2 or the referenced HVAC Duct 4. Charcoal filters when protected with an Construction Standard in Chapter 16, Part II with approved fire suppression system. prior approval. Ducts, plenums and fittings may be 5. Electrical wiring in plenums shall comply constructed of asbestos cement, concrete, clay or with the Electrical Code.Flame propagation and ceramics when installed in the ground or in a concrete slab,provided the joints are tightly sealed. smoke production characteristics of exposed electric cables installed in concealed space used Corridors shall not be used to convey air to or as air plenums shall: from rooms if the corridor is required to be of fire- A. Exhibit a flame travel of five (5) feet resistive construction per the Building Code. (1524 mm)or less,and Concealed building spaces or independent B. Produce smoke having an average construction within buildings may be used as ducts optical density not greater than 0.15 and or plenums. having a peak optical density of 0.5 or less When gypsum products are exposed in ducts or when tested in accordance with U.M.C. plenums, the air temperature shall be restricted to a Standard No.6-3. range from 50°F (10°C) to 125°F (52°C) and moisture content shall be controlled so that the material is not C. Wiring meeting these requirements adversely affected. For the purpose of this section, shall be listed and labeled as plenum cable as required by the Electrical Code. gypsum products shall not be exposed in ducts serving as supply from evaporative coolers, and in 6. Nonmetallic fire sprinkler piping in other air-handling systems regulated by this chapter plenums shall be listed and shall meet the when the temperature of the gypsum product will be following requirements: below the dew point temperature. A. Exhibit flame travel of five(5) feet(1524 See Chapter 8 for limitations on combustion mm)or less,and products venting systems extending into or through B. Produce smoke having an average ducts or plenums. optical density not greater than 0.15 and See Chapter 5 for limitations on environmental having a peak optical density of 0.5 or less air systems exhaust ducts extending into or through when tested in accordance with U.M.C. ducts or plenums. Standard No.6-3. Exhaust ducts under positive pressure and 602.3 Factory-Made Air Ducts. Factory-made air venting systems shall not extend into or pass ducts shall be approved for the use intended or shall conform to the requirements of the referenced 45 602.3—604.1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE standard for air ducts in Chapter 16, Part II. Each approved material and construction. Tin ducts portion of a factory-made air duct system shall be completely enclosed in inaccessible concealed areas identified by the manufacturer with a label or other need not be replaced. All accessible ducts shall be suitable identification indicating compliance with the insulated to comply with Table 6-4 of this chapter. referenced standard for air ducts in Chapter 16,Part II For the purpose of this subsection, ducts shall be and its class designation. These ducts shall be listed considered accessible where the access space is thirty and shall be installed in accordance with the terms of (30)inches(762 mm)or greater in height. their listing,and the requirements of U.M.C.Standard 602.7 Vibration Isolators.Vibration isolators installed No.6-5.Flexible air connectors are not permitted. between mechanical equipment and metal ducts (or 602.4 Joints and Seams of Ducts. Joints of duct casings) shall be made of an approved material and systems shall be made substantially airtight by shall not exceed ten(10)inches(254 mm)in length. means of tapes,mastics,gasketing or other means. Crimp joints for residential round ducts shall 603.0 Quality of Material have a contact lap of at least 1-1/2 inch (38 mm)and Galvanized steel shall be of lock-forming quality shall be mechanically fastened by means of at least with a minimum coating of 1.25 ounces of zinc per three sheet-metal screws equally spaced around the square foot (0.04 kg/m') conforming to the joint,or an equivalent fastening method. requirements of U.M.C.Standard No.2-2. Joints and seams for 0.016 inch (0.41 mm) (No. 28 gage) and 0.013 inch (0.33 mm) (No. 30 gage) 604.0 Installation of Ducts residential rectangular ducts shall be as specified in Table 6-1 for 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) (No. 26 gage) 604.1 Metal Ducts. Ducts shall be securely fastened material. in place at each change of direction and as set forth Joints and seams for rectangular duct systems in Table 6-5. Vertical rectangular ducts and vertical shall be as specified in Table 6-1. round ducts shall be supported as set forth in Table 6-5, Part I. Riser ducts shall be held in place by Joints and seams for flat oval ducts and round means of metal straps or angles and channels to ducts in other than single dwelling units shall be as secure the riser to the structure. specified in Table 6-2. Metal ducts shall be installed with at least four(4) Joints and seams and all reinforcements for inches (102 mm) separation from earth. Metal ducts factory-made air ducts and plenums shall meet with when installed in or under concrete slab shall be the conditions of prior approval in accordance with encased in at least two(2)inches(51 mm)of concrete. the installation instructions that shall accompany the product. Closure systems for rigid Class 1 air ducts Ducts shall be installed in a building with and plenums, and flexible Class 1 air ducts shall adequate clearance so as to permit retaining the full conform to the referenced standards for air ducts in thickness of fireproofing on structural members. closure systems in Chapter 16,Part II. Supports for rectangular ducts as set forth in 602.5 Metal. Every duct,plenum or fitting of metal Table 6-5, when suspended from above, shall be shall comply with Table 6-1 or 6-2. installed on two opposite sides of each duct and shall be riveted, bolted or metal screwed to each side of Exceptions: the duct at not more than the intervals specified. 1. Ducts, plenums and fittings for systems Horizontal round ducts forty (40) inches (1016 serving single dwelling units may comply with mm)or less in diameter when suspended from above Table 6-3. shall be supported at intervals not more than as set 2. Duct systems complying with U.M.C. Standard No.6-1. forth in Table 6-5 with one hanger installed to comply with the requirements listed below: 3. Duct systems complying the U.M.C. Standard 6-2 or the referenced HVAC Duct 604.1.1 Ducts shall be equipped with tight- fitting circular bands extending around the Construction Standard in Chapter 16, Part II with prior approval. entire perimeter of the duct at each specified support interval. 602.6 Tin. Existing tin ducts may be used when cooling coils are added to a heating system,provided 604.1.2 Circular bands shall be not less than one the first ten (10) feet (3048 mm) of the duct or (1) inch (25.4 mm) wide nor less than equivalent plenum measured from the cooling coil discharge to the gage of the duct material it supports. are constructed of metal of the gage thickness set Exception: Ducts ten (10) inches (254 mm) forth in Table 6-1, 6-2 or 6-3 of this chapter or are of and less in diameter may be supported by No. 18 gage galvanized steel wire. 46 DUCT SYSTEMS 604.1 —606.5 604.1.3 Each circular band shall be provided Factory-made air ducts and faced insulations with a suitable means of connecting to the intended for installation on the exterior of ducts shall suspending support. be legibly printed with the name of the 604.1.4 Ducts shall be braced and guyed to manufacturer, the thermal resistance (R) value at prevent lateral or horizontal swing. installed thickness and the flame-spread and smoke- 604.2 Factory-Made Air Ducts. Approved Class 0 developed ratings of the composite material. or Class 1 factory-made air ducts may be installed in any occupancy covered by this code. 606.0 Smoke Dampers, Fire Dampers and Ceiling Factory-made air ducts shall not be used for Dampers vertical risers in air-duct systems serving more than 606.1 Smoke Dampers. Smoke dampers shall two stories. Such ducts shall not penetrate comply with the standards for leakage rated construction where fire dampers are required. dampers referenced in Chapter 16, Part II, and shall Factory-made air ducts shall be installed with at be installed in accordance with approved least four (4) inches (102 mm) of separation from manufacturer's installation instructions when earth, except when installed as a liner inside of required by the Building Code.Smoke dampers shall concrete, tile or metal pipe; they shall be protected be labeled by an approved agency. from physical damage. 606.2 Fire Dampers. Fire dampers shall comply The temperature of the air to be conveyed in any of with the standard for fire dampers referenced in these classes of ducts shall be less than 251°F(122°C). Chapter 16, Part II, and shall be installed in 604.3 Protection of Ducts. Ducts installed in accordance with approved manufacturer's locations where they are exposed to mechanical installation instructions when required by the damage by vehicles or from other causes shall be Building Code. Fire dampers shall have been tested protected by approved barriers. for closure under airflow conditions and shall be labeled for both maximum airflow permitted and 604.4 Support of Ducts. Installers shall furnish the direction of flow. When more than one damper is manufacturer's field fabrication and installation installed at a point in a single air path, the entire instructions to the Administrative Authority. airflow shall be assumed to be passing through the In the absence of specific supporting materials smallest damper area. Fire dampers shall be labeled and spacing, approved factory-made air ducts may by an approved agency. be installed as set forth in Table 6-6. Ductwork shall be connected to damper sleeves or assemblies in such a way that collapse of the 605.0 Insulation of Ducts ductwork will not dislodge the damper or impair its Supply- and return-air ducts and plenums of a proper operation. heating or cooling system shall be insulated to 606.3 Ceiling Dampers. Ceiling dampers shall achieve the minimum thermal (R) value as set forth comply with the standard for ceiling dampers in Table 6-4, except for ducts and plenums used referenced in Chapter 16,Part H,and shall be installed exclusively for evaporative cooling systems. in accordance with manufacturer's approved Approved materials shall be installed within installation instructions in the fire-resistive ceiling ducts and plenums for insulating, sound deadening element of floor-ceiling and roof-ceiling assemblies or other purposes. Materials shall have amold-, when required by the Building Code. Fire dampers humidity- and erosion-resistant surface that meets not meeting the temperature limitation of ceiling the requirements of the referenced standard for air dampers shall not be used as a substitute. Ceiling ducts in Chapter 16, Part Il. Duct liners in systems dampers shall be labeled by an approved agency. operating with air velocities exceeding 2000 feet per 606.4 Multiple Arrangements. When size requires minute (10.16 m/s) shall be fastened with both the use of multiple dampers, the installation shall be adhesive and mechanical fasteners, and exposed framed in an approved manner to ensure that the edges shall have adequate treatment to withstand dampers remain in place. the operating velocity. 606.5 Access and Identification.Dampers shall be Insulation applied to the exterior surface of provided with an approved means of access, large ducts located in buildings shall have a flame spread enough to permit inspection and maintenance of the of not more than 25 and a smoke-density not damper and its operating parts. The access shall not exceeding 50 when tested as a composite installation, impair fire-resistive construction. Access shall not including insulation, facing materials, tapes and require the use of tools, keys or special knowledge. adhesives as normally applied. Access points shall be permanently identified on the 47 606.5—609.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE exterior by a label with letters not less than 1/2 inch (nominal) wood boards (flame-spread index of 200). (12.7 mm) in height reading: SMOKE DAMPER or Installation of foam plastics is regulated by the FIRE DAMPER. Access doors in ducts shall be tight Building Code. fitting and suitable for the required duct construction. 608.4 Access shall be through an opening in the floor 606.6 Freedom from Interference.Dampers shall be and shall be not less than twenty-four (24) inches by installed in a manner to ensure positive closing or twenty-four(24)inches(610 mm x 610 mm). opening as required by function. Interior liners or 608.5 A furnace supplying warm air to under-floor insulation shall be held back from portions of a space shall be equipped with an automatic control damper, its sleeve or adjoining duct which would which will start the air-circulating fan when the air interfere with the damper's proper operation. Exterior in the furnace bonnet reaches a temperature not materials shall be installed so as to avoid interference higher than 150°F (.6°C). Such control shall be one with the operation or maintenance of external that cannot be set higher than 150°F(66°C). operating devices needed for proper function. 608.6 A furnace supplying warm air to such space 606.7 Temperature Classification of Operating shall be equipped with an approved temperature Elements. Fusible links, thermal sensors, and limit control that will limit outlet air temperature to pneumatic or electric operators shall have a 200°F(93°C). temperature rating or classification as required by 608.7 A noncombustible receptacle shall be placed the Building Code. below each floor opening into the air chamber, and such receptacle shall conform to the following: 607.0 Ventilating Ceilings 608.7.1 The receptacle shall be securely 607.1 General. Perforated ceilings may be used for suspended from the floor members and shall be air supply within the limitations of this section. Exit not more than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) corridors, when required to be of fire-resistive below the floor opening. construction by the Building Code, shall not have 608.7.2 The area of the receptacle shall extend ventilating ceilings. three (3) inches (76 mm) beyond the opening on 607.2 Requirements. Ventilating ceilings shall all sides. comply with the following provisions: 608.7.3 The perimeter of the receptacle shall 607.2.1 Suspended ventilating ceiling material have a vertical lip at least one (1) inch(25.4 mm) shall have a Class I flame-spread classification high at the open sides if it is at the level of the on both sides, determined in accordance with bottom of the joists, or three (3) inches (76 mm) the Building Code. Suspended ventilating high if the receptacle is suspended. ceiling supports shall be of noncombustible 608.8 Floor registers shall be designed for easy materials. removal in order to give access for cleaning the 607.2.2 Lighting fixtures recessed into receptacles. ventilating ceilings shall be of a type approved 608.9 Exterior walls and interior stud partitions for that purpose. shall be fire-stopped at the floor. 608.10 Each wall register shall be connected to the 608.0 Use of Under-Floor Space as Supply air chamber by a register box or boot. Plenum 608.11 A duct conforming with Section 602.0 shall An under-floor space may be used as a supply extend from the furnace supply outlet at least six (6) plenum,provided: inches(152 mm)below combustible framing. 608.1 The use of under-floor space shall be limited 608.12 The entire ground surface of the under-floor to dwelling units not more than two stories in height. space shall be covered with a vapor barrier having a Except for the floor immediately above the under- minimum thickness of four(4) mils (0,1016 mm) and floor plenum, supply ducts shall be provided a flamespread rating of 200 or less. extending from the plenum to registers on other 608.13 Fuel-gas lines and plumbing waste cleanouts floor levels. are not located within the space. 608.2 Such spaces shall be cleaned of all loose combustible scrap material and shall be tightly and 609.0 Automatic Shutoffs substantially enclosed. 608.3 The enclosing material of the under-floor Air-moving systems supplying air in excess of 2000 space, including the sidewall insulation, shall be not cubic feet per minute (944 L/s) to enclosed spaces more flammable than one (1) inch (25.4 mm) within buildings shall be equipped with an 48 DUCT SYSTEMS 609.0—610.2 automatic shutoff. Automatic shutoff shall be index of 25 or less and a smoke-developed rating accomplished by interrupting the power source of of 50 or less on both inside and outside surfaces the air-moving equipment upon detection of smoke without evidence of continued progressive in the main supply-air duct served by such combustion,or shall have a flame-spread index of equipment. Smoke detectors shall be labeled by an 25 or less and shall be installed with an automatic approved agency for air-duct installation and shall fire-sprinkler protection system inside the duct. be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's 3. Ducts used in central vacuum-cleaning approved instructions. Such devices shall be systems within a dwelling unit may be of PVC compatible with the operating velocities, pressures, pipe. Penetrations of fire walls, floor-ceiling or temperatures and humidities of the system. Where roof-ceiling assemblies shall comply with the fire detection or alarm systems are provided for the Building Code. Copper or ferrous pipes or building, the smoke detectors required by this conduits extending from within the separation section shall be supervised by such systems. between a garage and dwelling unit to the Exceptions: central vacuuming unit may be used. 1. When the space supplied by the air-moving Aluminum ducts shall not be used in systems equipment is served by a total coverage smoke- conveying flammable vapors, fumes or explosive detection system complying with the Fire Code, dusts,nor in Class 2,3 or 4 systems.Galvanized steel interconnection to such system may be used to and aluminum ducts shall not be used when the accomplish the required shutoff. temperature of the material being conveyed exceeds 2. Automatic shutoff is not required when all 400°F(205°C). occupied rooms served by the air-handling Metal ducts used in Class 5 systems that are not equipment have direct exit to the exterior and resistant to the corrosiveness of the product shall be the travel distance does not exceed 100 feet protected with appropriate corrosion-resistant (30480 mm). material. 3. Automatic shutoff is not required for Group 610.2 Construction. Ducts used for conveying R,Division 3 and Group U Occupancies. products shall be of substantial airtight construction 4. Automatic shutoff is not required for and shall not have openings other than those approved smoke-control systems or where required for operation and maintenance of the analysis demonstrates shutoff would create a system. Ducts constructed of steel shall comply with greater hazard such as may be encountered in Table 6-7 or 6-8. air-moving equipment supplying specialized Exceptions: portions of Group H Occupancies. Such 1. Class 1 product-conveying ducts that equipment shall be required to have smoke operate at less than 4 inches water column detection with remote indication and manual negative pressure (995.6 kPa) and convey shutoff capability at an approved location. noncorrosive, nonflammable and nonexplosive materials at temperatures not exceeding 250°F 610.0 Product-Conveying Ducts (121°C) may be constructed in accordance with 610.1 Materials. Materials used in product- the Tables 6-1, 6-2, 6-5 or, with prior approval, conveying duct systems shall be suitable for the U.M.C.Standard No.6-2. intended use and shall be of metal. 2. Ducts used in central vacuuming systems within a dwelling unit may be constructed of Exceptions: PVC pipe. Penetrations of fire-resistive walls, 1. Asbestos-cement, concrete, clay or ceramic floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling assemblies shall materials may be used when it is shown that comply with the Building Code. Copper or these materials will be equivalent to metal ducts ferrous pipes or conduit extending from within installed in accordance with this chapter. the separation between a garage and dwelling 2. Ducts serving a Class 5 system may be unit to the central vacuum unit may be used. constructed of approved nonmetallic material The use of rectangular ducts conveying when the corrosive characteristics of the material particulates shall be subject to approval of the being conveyed make a metal system unsuitable Administrative Authority. The design of rectangular and when the mixture being conveyed is ducts shall consider the adhesiveness and buildup of nonflammable. products being conveyed within the duct. Approved nonmetallic material shall be Aluminum construction may be used in Class 1 either a listed product having a flame-spread duct systems only. The thickness of aluminum ducts 49 610.2—610.8 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE shall be at least two Brown and Sharpe gages thicker For temperatures exceeding 600°F (316°C), the than the gages required for steel ducts set forth in clearance shall be not less than required for Tables 6-7 and 6-8. chimneys in Table 8-3. 610.3 Fittings. Fittings in Class 2, 3 and 4 systems 610.8 Protection from Physical Damage. Ducts shall be not less than two gages thicker than the installed in locations where they are subject to thickness required for straight runs. Flexible metallic physical damage shall be protected by suitable duct may be used for connecting ductwork to guards. vibrating equipment. Duct systems subject to wide temperature fluctuations shall be provided with expansion joints. Branches shall connect to main ducts at the large end of transitions at an angle not exceeding forty- five degrees(45°)(0.79 rad). Except for ducts used to convey noncorrosive vapors with no particulate, accessible cleanouts shall be provided at ten (10) foot (3048 mm) intervals and at changes in direction.Access openings shall also be provided for access to sprinklers and other equipment within the duct which requires servicing. 610.4 Explosion Venting. Ducts conveying explosive dusts shall have explosion vents,openings protected by antiflashback swing valves or rupture diaphragms. Openings to relieve explosive forces shall be located outside the building. When relief devices cannot provide sufficient pressure relief, ductwork shall be designed to withstand an internal pressure of not less than 100 pounds per square inch (689 kPa). 610.5 Supports.Spacing of supports for ducts shall not exceed twelve (12) feet (3658 mm) for eight (8) inch (203 mm) ducts nor twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) for larger ducts unless justified by the design. The design of supports shall assume that 50 percent of the duct is full of the particulate being conveyed. 610.6 Fire Protection. Sprinklers or other fire-protection devices shall be installed within ducts having a cross-sectional dimension exceeding ten (10) inches (254 mm) when the duct conveys flammable vapors or fumes. Sprinklers shall be installed at twelve (12) foot (3658 mm) intervals in horizontal ducts and at changes in direction. In vertical runs, sprinklers shall be installed at the top and at alternate floor levels. 610.7 Clearances. Ducts conveying flammable or explosive vapors, fumes or dusts shall have a clearance from combustibles of not less than eighteen (18) inches(457 mm). This clearance may be reduced when the combustible construction is protected in accordance with Table 3-2. Ducts conveying products at temperatures exceeding 125°F (52°C) shall have a clearance to combustible materials not less than the following: 125°F (52°C) to 250°F (121°C)-1 inch (25.4 mm); 251°F (122°C) to 600°F (316°C)-8 inches (203 mm). 50 DUCT SYSTEMS Table 6-1 TABLE 6-1 Construction Details for Rectangular Sheet Metal Ducts for Static Air Pressures up to 2 Inches WC(498 Pa) For pressures in excess of 2-inch water column(498 Pa),duct wall thickness shall be two gages heavier than set forth in this table. Duct specifications shown here are applicable when ducts larger than 18 inches(457 mm)are cross broken.Where cross breaking is not used,duct wall thickness shall be two gages heavier on ducts 19 inches through 60 inches(483-1524 mm)wide,unless longitudinal standing seams are used. inches x 25.4=mm MINIMUM METAL GAGES oz/ft2=2.63 /mm2 Steel—U.S. Aluminum Copper Duct Standard B.&S. Cold Dimension Inches(Gage)Inches(Gage) Rolled (In Inches) PERMISSIBLE GIRTH JOINTS AND LONGITUDINAL SEAMS 0.019(26) 0.020(24) 16 oz. Up through 12 Drive Slip,Plain"S"Slip,or 1"Pocket Lock 13 through 18 Drive Slip,Plain"S"Slip,or 1"Pocket Lock Hemmed"S"Slip,1"Bar Slip,or 1"Pocket Lock on 5'centers 0.024(24) 0.025(22) 24 oz. 19 through 30 Hemmed"S"Slip,1"Bar Slip,or 1"Pocket Lock on 10'centers with 1"x 1"x 1/8"angles on center line between Hemmed"S"Slip, 1"Bar Slip,or 1"Pocket Lock on 10 centers with Cross Break 1" Standing Seam on 5'centers 1"Bar Slip,Reinforced Bar Slip,or Pocket Lock,on 5'centers 31 through 42 1"Bar Slip,Reinforced Bar Slip,or Pocket Lock on 10'centers with 1"x 1"x 1/8"angles on center line between 1"Standing Seam on 5'centers 0.030(22) 0.032(20) 32 oz. Inside Longitudinal Standing Seams with 1"x 1"x 1/8"angles on 5'centers on exterior 1-1/2"Bar Slip,Reinforced Bar Slip,or Pocket Lock on 4'center 43 through 54 1-1/2"Bar Slip,Reinforced Bar Slip,or Pocket Lock on 8'centers with 1-1/2"1-1/2"x 1/8" angles on center line between 1-1/2"Bar Slip,Reinforced Bar Slip,or Pocket Lock on 4'centers with Cross Break 1-1/2"Standing Seam on 3'centers 0.036(20) 0.040(18) 36 oz. 55 through 60 Inside Longitudinal Standing Seam with 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8"angles on 4'centers on exterior Reinforced Bar Slip,Angle Slip,Alternate Bar Slip,or Angle Reinforced Pocket Lock on 4'centers using 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8"reinforcing angles and with 1-1/2"x 1-1/2" x 1/8"angles on center line between 0.036(20) 0.040(18) 36 oz. 61 through 84 Reinforced Bar Slip,Angle Slip,Alternate Bar Slip,or Angle Reinforced Pocket Lock on 8'centers using 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8"reinforcing angles and with 1-1/2"x 1-1/2" x 1/8"angles 2'on centers in between 1-1/2"Angle Reinforced Standing Seam on 2'centers using 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8" reinforcing angles Inside Longitudinal Standing Seams with 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8"angles on 2'centers on exterior Companion Angles,Angle Slip,or Angle Reinforced Pocket Lock using 1-112"x 1-1/2"x 3/16"companion or reinforcing angles on 4'centers with 1-1/2"x 1-1/2" x 3/16"angles on center line between 0.047(18) 0.050(16) 48 oz. 85 through 96 Companion Angles,Angle Slip,or Angle Reinforced Pocket Lock using 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 3/16"companion or reinforcing angles on 8'centers with 1-1/2"x 1-1/2" x 3/16"angles on 2'centers in between 1-1/2"Angle Reinforced Standing Seam on 2'centers using 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 3/16" reinforcing angles Inside Longitudinal Standing Seams with 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 3/16"angles on 2'centers on exterior Companion Angles,Angle Slip,or Angle Reinforced Pocket Lock using 2"x 2"x 1/4" companion or reinforcing angles on 4'centers with 2"x 2"x 1/4"angles on 0.047(18) 0.050(16) 48 oz. Over 96 center line in between Companion Angles,Angle Slip,or Angle Reinforced Pocket Lock using 2"x 2"x 1/4" companion or reinforcing angles on 8'centers with 2"x 2"x 1/4"angles 2'on center line in between 1-1/2"Angle Reinforced Standing Seam on 2'centers using 2"x 2"x 1/4"reinforcing angles Inside Longitudinal Standing Seams with 2"x 2"x 1/4"angles on 2'centers on exterior 51 Table 6-2-Table 6-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 6-2 inches x 25.4=mm Construction Details for Round and Flat-Oval Ducts 2"WC=498 Pa 10"WC=2.5 kPa Aluminum B.&S. STEEL-THICKNESS IN INCHES Gage (STEEL-GALVANIZED SHEET GAGE) GIRTH JOINTS' Duct Diameter Pressure<2"WC Pressure<2"WCz Pressure >2"<10"WC Minimum Girth Max.Width Longitudinal Welded Reinforcing,Maximum (In Inches) Round Round Flat-Oval Spiral Seam Seam Fittings Pressure>2"< 10"WC Spacing and Angle Size Up to 9 24 0.019 0.024 0.019 0.024 0.030 2"Slip None (26) (24) (26) (24) (22) Over 9 24 0.019 0.024 0.024 0.030 0.036 4"Slip None Up to 14 (26) (24) (24) (22) (20) Over 14 22 0.024 0.030 0.024 0.030 0.036 4"Slip None Up to 23 (24) (22) (24) (22) (20) Over 23 20 0.030 0.036 0.030 0.036 0.036 4"Slip None Up to 37 (22) (20) (22) (20) (20) Over 37 18 0.036 0.047 0.036 0.036 0.047 1-1/4"x 1-1/4"x 1/8" 1-1/4"x 1-1/4"x 1/8" Up to 51 (20) (18) (20) (20) (18) Flange on 72" Over 51 16 0.047 0.058 X 0.047 0.047 1-1/4"x 1-1/4"x 1/8" 1-1/4"x 1-1/4"x 1/8" Up to 61 (18) (16) (18) (18) Flange on 72" Over 61 14 0.058 0.070 X 0.058 0.058 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8" 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8" Up to 84 (16) (14) (16) (16) Flange on 48" 1 For pressure<2 inches WC(498 Pa),any of the following joints are acceptable: butt slip;pipe slip;pipe lock;roll slip;snap slip;plenum lock and companion flange. 2 Acceptable longitudinal seams for pressure<2 inches WC(610 mm):Acme(grooved);snap lock;standing and spiral. TABLE 6-3 Thickness of Metal Ducts and Plenums Used for Heating or Cooling for a Single Dwelling Unit GALVANIZED STEEL Minimum Equivalent Approximate Thickness Galvanized Sheet Aluminum Inches(mm) Gage No. B.&S. Gage Round ducts and enclosed rectangular ducts 14" (356 mm)or less 0.013(0,33) 30 26 Over 14" (356 mm) 0.016(0.41) 28 24 Exposed rectangular ducts 14" (356 mm)or less 0.016(0.41) 28 24 Over 14" (356 mm) 0.019(0.48) 26 22 52 DUCT SYSTEMS Table 6-4 TABLE 6-4 Insulation of Ducts INSULATION TYPES MECHANICALLY HEATING INSULATION TYPES DUCT LOCATION COOLED ZONE' HEATING ONLY On roof on exterior I A and W of building C,VI and W II B and W III C and W Attics,garages and I A crawl spaces A and V' II A III B In walls,3 within floor- I A ceiling spaces 3 A and V' II A III B Within the conditioned space or in basements; None required None required return ducts in air plenums Cement slab or within None required None required ground Note: Where ducts are used for both heating and cooling,the minimum insulation shall be as required for the most restrictive condition. 1 Heating Degree Days: Zone I below 4500 D.D. Zone II 4501 to 8000 D.D. Zone III over 8001 D.D. 2 Vapor retarders shall be installed on supply ducts in spaces vented to the outside in geographic areas where the average summer dew point temperature based on the 2-1/2 percent column of dry-bulb and mean coincident wet-bulb temperature exceeds 60°F(16°C). 3 Insulation may be omitted on that portion of a duct which is located within a wall-or a floor-ceiling space where: a. Both sides of the space are exposed to conditioned air. b. The space is not ventilated. c. The space is not used as a return plenum. d. The space is not exposed to unconditioned air. Ceilings which form plenums need not be insulated. INSULATION TYPES': A. A material with an installed conductance of 0.48[2.72 W/(m•K)]or the equivalent thermal resistance of 2.1 [0.367(m•K)/W]. Example of materials capable of meeting the above requirements: 1 inch(25.4 mm),0.60 lb./cu.ft.(9.6 kg/m3)mineral fiber,rock,slag or glass blankets. 1/2 inch(12.7 mm), 1.5 to 3 lb./cu.ft.(24 to 48. kg/m3).mineral fiber blanket duct liner. 1/2 inch(12.7 mm),3 to 10 lb./cu.ft.(48 to 160 kg/m')mineral fiber board. B. A material with an installed conductance of 0.24[1.36 W/(m•K)]or the equivalent thermal resistance of 4.2[0.735(m•K)/W]. Example of materials meeting the above requirements: 2 inch(51 mm),0.60 lb./cu.ft.(9.6 kg/m3)mineral fiber blankets. 1 inch(25.4 mm), 1.5 to 3 lb./cu.ft.(24 to 48 kg/m3)mineral fiber blanket duct liner. 1 inch(25.4 mm),3 to 10 lb./cu.ft.(48 to 160 kg/m3)mineral fiber board. C. A material with an installed conductance 0.16[0.9 W/(m•K)]or the equivalent thermal resistance 6.3[1.1(m•K)/W]. Examples of materials meeting the above requirements: 3 inch(76 mm),0.60 lb./cu.ft.(9.6 kg/m3)mineral fiber blankets. 1 1/2 inch(32 mm), 1.5 to 3 lb./cu.ft.(24 to 48 kg/m3)mineral fiber blanket duct liner. 1 1/2 inch(32 mm),3 to 10 lb./cu.ft.(48 to 160 kg/m3)mineral fiber board. V. Vapor Retarders:Material with a perm rating not exceeding 0.5 perm (29 ng/Pa•s•m2).All joints to be sealed. W. Approved weatherproof barrier. 4 The example of materials listed under each type is not meant to limit other available thickness and density combinations with the equivalent installed conductance or resistance based on the insulation only. 53 Table 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 6-5 Duct Support inches x 25.4=mm Part I—Vertical Ducts feet x 304.8=m MAXIMUM MAXIMUM SIDE OF DIAMETER RECTANGULAR METAL STRAP OR OF ROUND STRAP DUCT ANGLE BRACKET DUCTS 24" 1"x 1/8"Strap' 10" 0.047"(No. 18 gage) galvanized steel 2"wide' 36" 1"x 1"x 1/8"Angle' 20" 0.058"(No. 16 gage) galvanized steel 2"side' 48" 1-1/8"x 1-1/8"x 1/8"Angle' 40" 1/8"steel x 1-1/2" 60" 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8"Angle' 60" 1/8"steel x 2" Over 60" 2"x 2"x 1/8"Angle' Over 60" 3/16"steel x 2" Part 11—Horizontal Ducts 18" 1"x 18 Gage' Same gage as galvanized steel duct, -- 10" 1"wide or(No. 18 gage galvanized 30" 1"x 18 Gage' steel wire)on 10'centers 48" 1"x 1181" 20" Same gage as galvanized steel duct, 1"wide or(No.8 gage 60" 1"x 1/8"' galvanized steel wire)tied to 40" 1"galvanized steel band 801, 1"x 1/8"' around duct on 10'centers 60" Same gage as galvanized steel duct, 1-1/2"wide on 6'centers Over 60" Same gage as galvanized steel duct, 1-1/2"wide on 4'centers Part II—Horizontal Ducts—Trapeze-Type Supports MAXIMUM DIAMETER OF ROUND HORIZONTAL DUCT OR SIDE OF SUPPORT HANGER RECTANGULAR DUCT ANGLE' 36" 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8" 14'round rod or 1"x 1"x 1/8"angle 48" 2"x 2"x 1/8" 1/4"round rod or 1"x 1"x 1/8"angle 60" 2"x 2"x 1/8" 5A 6"round rod or 1"x 1"x 1/8"angle 84" 2"x 2"x 1/8" 3/8"round rod or 1"x 1"x 1/8"angle 1 Spaced vertically not more than 12 feet on centers. 2 Spaced horizontally not more than 10 feet on centers. 3 Spaced not more than 8 feet on centers. 54 DUCT SYSTEMS Table 6-6-Table 6-7 TABLE 6-6 inches x 25.4=mm Alternate Supports for Factory-Made Air Ducts feet x 304.8=m Maximum Support Class 1 Duct Material Minimum Support Material Spacing, Feet Rigid Round Fibrous No.26 gage x 5/8" 6 wide galvanized iron strap Corrugated Metal No. 18 gage galvanized 6 iron wire Flexible No.26 gage x 1-1/2" 4 wide galvanized iron strap TABLE 6-7 inches x 25.4=mm Minimum Sheet Metal Thickness for Round Ducts for Product-Conveying System Ducts REINF. CLASS 1 NEGATIVE SPACING PRESSURE (Inches) Up to 7" 8"to 11" 12"to 15" 16"to 19" 20"to 23" 24"to 35" 36"to 47" 48"to 59" 60" To 7" 0 .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .127(10 ga.) 96 .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 48 .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 24 .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) 8"to 11" 0 .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 96 .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 48 .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 24 .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) D21 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 12"to 15" 0 .021 (24 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 96 .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 48 .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 24 .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 16"to 20" 0 .021 (24 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 96 .021 (24 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 48 .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 24 .021 (24 ga.) .021 (24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) CLASS 2 To 7" 0 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .127(10 ga.) 96 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) 033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 48 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) 033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 24 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) 033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 8"to 11" 0 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 96 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 48 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 24 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 12"to 15" 0 .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 96 .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 48 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 24 .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 16"to 20" 0 .027(22 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 96 .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 48 .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 24 .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) CLASS 3 To 7" 0 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .127(10 ga.) 96 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga,) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 48 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga,) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 24 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 8"to 11" 0 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 96 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 48 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 24 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) 1 .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.)1.055(16 ga.)1.068(14 ga.) '068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 55 Table 6-7-Table 6-8 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 6-7(continued) Minimum Sheet Metal Thickness for Round Ducts for Product-Conveying System Ducts REINF. CLASS 3 NEGATIVE SPACING PRESSURE (Inches) n(20 8"to 11" 12"to 15" 16"to 19" 20"to 23" 24"to 35" 36"to 47" 48"to 59" 60" 12"to 15" 0 .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 96 .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 48 .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 24 .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 16"to 20" 0 .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 96 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 48 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 24 .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) CLASS 4 To 7" 0 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .127(10 ga.) 96 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 48 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 24 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 8"to 11" 0 1.055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 96 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 48 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 24 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 12"to 15" 0 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 96 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 48 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 24 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 16"to 20" 0 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 96 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) . (11 ga.) 48 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .009797(12 ga.) 24 .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) TABLE 6-8 Minimum Sheet Metal Thickness for Rectangular Ducts inches x 25.4=rnm LONGEST SIDE OF DUCT CLASS 1 CLASS 2 NEGATIVE REINF. PRESSURE SPACING P.021(24 12" 13"to 24" 25"to 36" 37"to 48" 49"to 60" Up to 12" 13"to 24" 25"to 36" 37"to 48" 49"to 60" To 7" 48 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) To 7" 24 .021(24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) To 7" 12 .021(24 ga.) .021(24 ga.) .021(24 ga.) .021(24 ga.) .021(24 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 8"to 11" 48 .027(22 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 8"to 11" 24 .027(22 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 8"to 11" 12 .021(24 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .027(22 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 12"to 15" 48 .044(18 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) 12"to 15" 24 .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 12"to 15" 12 .027(22 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .055(16 ga.) 16"to 20" 48 A68(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 16"to 20" 24 .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 16"to 20" 12 .033(20 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .033(20 ga.) .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) CLASS 3 CLASS 4 To 7" 48 A44(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) To 7" 24 .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) To 7" 12 .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 8"to 11" 48 .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 8"to 11" 24 .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 1.068(14 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 8"to 11" 12 .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 12"to 15" 48 .044(18 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 055(16 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 12"to 15" 24 .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 12"to 15" 12 .044(18 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 16"to 20" 48 .068(14 ga.) .112(11 ga.) .055(16 ga.) .112(11 ga.) 16"to 20" 12 .044(18 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .068(14 ga.) 055(16 ga.) .068(14 ga.) .097(12 ga.) .097(12 ga.) 1.097(1212(11 ) 56 CHAPTER 7 COMBUSTION AIR 701.0 General 703.0 Sources of Combustion Air 701.1 Air Supply. Fuel-burning equipment shall be 703.1 Air from Outside. Combustion air obtained assured a sufficient supply of combustion air. The from outside the building shall be supplied as follows: methods of providing combustion air in this chapter 703.1.1 Through permanent openings of the do not apply to direct vent appliances, appliances required area directly to the outside of the listed as having separated combustion systems, building through the floor, roof or walls of the enclosed furnaces, listed cooking appliances, appliance enclosure;or, refrigerators and domestic clothes dryers. 703.1.2 Through continuous ducts of the In buildings of unusually tight construction, required cross-sectional area extending from the combustion air shall be obtained from outside. In appliance enclosure to the outside of the buildings of ordinary tightness insofar as infiltration building. The required upper combustion air is concerned, all or a portion of the combustion air duct shall extend horizontally or upwards to the for fuel-burning appliances may be obtained from outside of the building. Where not otherwise infiltration when the requirement for 50 cubic feet prohibited, combustion air may be obtained (1.42 ml)per 1000 Btu/h(293 W)input is met. from an attic area,provided the attic ventilating 701.2 Existing Buildings. When fuel-burning openings are not subject to ice or snow blockage, appliances are installed in an existing building and further provided: containing other fuel-burning appliances, the room 703.1.2.1 The attic has not less than thirty or space shall be provided with combustion air as (30) inches (762 mm) vertical clear height at required by this chapter for all fuel-burning its maximum point. appliances contained therein. 703.1.2.2 Attic ventilation is sufficient to provide the required volume of combustion 702.0 Combustion Air Openings air and complies with the requirements of 702.1 Location.One opening shall be located within Section 706.0. the upper twelve (12) inches (305 mm) of the 703.1.2.3 The combustion-air opening is enclosure and one opening shall be located within the provided with a galvanized sleeve of not lower twelve(12)inches(305 mm)of the enclosure. less than 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) (No. 26 gage) 702.2 Dampers Prohibited. Combustion air ducts steel or other approved material extending or plenums shall not be installed so as to require from the appliance enclosure to at least six(6) inches (152 mm) above the top of the openings in or penetrations through construction where fire dampers are required. Manually-operated ceiling joists and insulation. dampers shall not be installed in combustion air 703.2 Under-Floor Supply. Lower combustion air openings. With prior approval, power-actuated openings may connect with under-floor areas movable louvers admitting combustion air may be conforming to the following requirements: used and,if installed,shall be electrically interlocked 703.2.1 Under-floor spaces having unobstructed with the main burner fuel-supply valve so as to openings to the exterior at least twice the area of prevent fuel delivery unless the louvers are in the the required air openings. fully open position. 703.2.2 The height of the under-floor space 702.3 Louvers, Grilles and Screens. Combustion shall comply with the requirements of the air openings shall be covered with Building Code and be without obstruction to the corrosion-resistant screen of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) free flow of air. mesh, except as provided in Section 704.3. In 703.3 Prohibited Sources. Openings and ducts calculating the free area, consideration shall be shall not connect appliance enclosures with space in given to the blocking effect of louvers, grilles and which the operation of a fan may adversely affect the screens protecting openings. The free area through flow of combustion air. Combustion air shall not be louvers, grilles and screens shall be used in obtained from a hazardous location or from any area calculating the size of the opening required to in which objectionable quantities of flammable provide the free area specified. vapor,lint or dust are released.Combustion air shall not be taken from a refrigeration machinery room. 57 703.4—707.2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 703.4 Interior Spaces. In buildings of ordinary 704.3 Screens. Neither end of ducts which tightness, combustion air provided by infiltration terminate in an attic shall be screened. may be obtained from freely communicating interior spaces, provided the combined volume in cubic feet 705.0 Gravity-Type Warm-Air Furnaces complies with the following conditions: 703.4.1 Adequate Volume—Gas and Liquid. Gravity-type warm-air furnaces shall be provided If the volume of the room or space in which with combustion air as specified in Section 701.0, fuel-burning appliances are installed is equal to 702.0, 703.0 or 707.0 of this code. Combustion and or greater than 50 cubic feet (1.42 m') per 1000 cold-air return for gravity-type warm-air furnaces Btu/h (293 kW) of aggregate input rating of may be obtained from the same area. appliances, infiltration may be regarded as adequate to provide combustion air. Exclude 706.0 Special Conditions Created by Mechanical from the calculation the input ratings of listed Exhausting or Fireplaces direct vent appliances, enclosed furnaces, Operation of exhaust fans, kitchen ventilation cooking appliances, refrigerators and domestic systems, clothes dryers or fireplaces shall be clothes dryers. considered in determining combustion air 703.4.2 Insufficient Volume—Gas and Liquid. requirements to avoid unsatisfactory operation of Rooms or spaces containing gas- or installed gas appliances. liquid-fuel-burning appliances which do not have the volume as specified above shall be provided with minimum unobstructed 707.0 Area of Combustion Air Openings combustion air openings as specified in Section 707.1 General. The net free area of openings,ducts 707.0 and arranged as specified in Section 702.0. or plenums supplying combustion air to an area containing fuel-burning appliances shall be as 704.0 Combustion Air Ducts specified in Table 7-1. When grilles, screens or louvers are inserted in combustion-air openings, the 704.1 General.Combustion air ducts shall: provisions of Section 702.3 apply. Permanent 704.1.1 Be of galvanized steel complying with mechanically pressurized combustion-air facilities in Chapter 6 or equivalent corrosion-resistant central heating plants, fossil-fueled steam electric material approved for this use. generating plants, district heating plants, industrial Exception: In Group R, Division 3 facilities and power boiler plants are exempt from Occupancies, unobstructed stud and joist the requirements of Table 7-1. spaces may be used, provided not more 707.2 Designed Installations. In lieu of the than one required fire stop is removed. requirements of Table 7-1,combustion air supply may 704.1.2 Have a minimum cross-sectional be designed in accordance with recognized dimension of three(3)inches(76 mm). engineering principles when first approved by the 704.1.3 Terminate in a space at least three (3) Administrative Authority. inches (76 mm) in depth open to the front or firebox side of the appliance. Such space shall extend from the floor to the ceiling of the appliance enclosure. 704.1.4 Have the same cross-sectional areas as the free area of the openings to which they connect. 704.1.5 Serve a single appliance enclosure. 704.1.6 Serve only upper or lower combustion air openings; the separation between ducts serving upper and lower combustion air openings shall be maintained to the source of combustion air. 704.2 Dampers. Combustion air ducts shall not be installed so as to pass through construction where fire dampers are required.Volume dampers shall not be installed in combustion air ducts. 58 COMBUSTION AIR Table 7-1 TABLE 7-1 Size of Combustion-Air Openings or Ducts' COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 Buildings of Ordinary Tightness Buildings of Unusually Tight Construction' CONDITION SIZE OF OPENINGS CONDITION SIZE OF OPENINGS OR DUCTS OR DUCTS Appliance in May rely on infiltration alone. Appliance in Provide two openings, unconfined'space: unconfined'space: each having 1 sq. in. (645 Obtain combustion air mm')per 5000 Btu/h (1.47 from outdoors or from kW) input. Ducts admitting space freely outdoor air may be communicating with connected to the cold-air outdoors. return. Appliance in Provide 2 openings into Appliance in 1. Provide two vertical confined'space: enclosure, each having confined`space: ducts or plenums; 1. All air from inside 1 sq. in. (645 mm') Obtain combustion air 1 sq. in. (645 mm')per 4000 building. per 1000 Btu/h from outdoors or from Btu/h input each duct or (293 W) input freely space freely plenum. communicating with communicating with other unconfined interior outdoors. 2. Provide 2 horizontal spaces. Minimum 100 ducts or plenums; 1 sq. sq. in. (0.06 m') in. (645 mm') per each opening.' 2,000 Btu/h input each duct or plenum. 2. Part of air from Provide 2 openings into inside building. enclosure'from other 3. Provide 2 openings in freely communicating an exterior wall of the unconfined'interior enclosure; each opening spaces, each having an 1 sq. in (645 mm') per area of 100 sq. in. 4,000 Btu/h (1.17 kW) input. (0.06 m'), plus 1 duct or plenum opening to out- 4. Provide 1 ceiling doors, having an area of opening to ventilated 1 sq. in. per(645 mm') attic and 1 vertical duct 5000 Btu/h (1.47 kW). to attic; each opening 1 in put rating.The out- sq. in. (645 mm') per door duct or plenum 4000 Btu/h(1.17 kW) input. opening may be connected to the 5. Provide 1 opening in cold-air return. enclosure ceiling to ventilated attic and 1 opening in 3.All air from out- Use any of the methods enclosure floor to doors. Obtain from listed for confined ventilated crawl space; outdoors or from space in unusually tight each opening 1 sq. in. space freely construction as (645 mm')per 4000 communicating indicated in Column 11. Btu/h (1.17 kW) input. with outdoors. For location of openings,see Section 702.0. °As defined in Section 223.0. 'When the total input rating of appliances in enclosure exceeds 100,000 Btu/h (29.3 kW), the area of each opening into the enclosure shall be increased 1 square inch(645 mm2)for each 1,000 Btu/h(293 W)over 100,000(29.3 kW). 'As defined in Section 205.0. 59 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 60 CHAPTER 8 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS 801.0 General 802.2.2 Combination gas-oil-burning appliances; Appliances designed to be vented shall be connected 802.2.3 Appliances listed for use with chimneys to a venting system as specified in Section 802.0 and only. the venting system shall comply with the provisions 802.3 Vent Connector. Connectors used for gas of this chapter,except as provided in this section. appliances having draft hoods and for listed Venting systems shall consist of approved conversion-burner-equipped appliances having draft chimneys, Type B vents, Type BW vents, Type L hoods may be constructed of materials having vents, plastic pipe recommended by the resistance to corrosion and heat not less than that manufacturer of listed condensing appliances for use specified in Section 815.3 or they may be of Type B or with specified models, or a venting assembly which Type L vent material. is an integral part of a listed appliance. 802.4 Solid Fuel. Solid-fuel-burning appliances Venting systems shall be designed and shall not be connected to a venting system which constructed so as to develop a positive flow serves gas-or oil-burning appliances. adequate to convey all combustion products to the 802.5 Plastic Venting Systems for Use with outside atmosphere. Listed Condensing Appliances. Condensing Venting systems may be designed in accordance appliances which cool flue gases nearly to the with accepted engineering methods when the design dewpoint within the appliance resulting in low vent method has been approved by the Administrative gas temperatures may use plastic venting materials Authority. and vent configurations unsuitable for non- A venting system which is an integral part of the condensing appliances. Listed condensing vented appliance and plastic pipe recommended by appliances shall be considered properly vented when the manufacturer in installation instructions as installed in accordance with the terms of listing and suitable for use with listed condensing appliances the manufacturer's installation instructions. shall be installed in accordance with the appliance listing, manufacturer's installation instructions and 803.0 Installation and Construction applicable requirements of this code. Requirements Gas venting systems serving appliances 803.1 General. Factory-built chimneys, Type L equipped with draft hoods and appliances listed for vents, Type B gas vents or Type BW gas vents shall use with Type B vents may be designed in be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's accordance with the tables in Appendix C,Chapter 8, installation instructions, the terms of listing and the when the design method has been approved by the Administrative Authority. applicable requirements of this code. 803.2 Chimneys. Metal chimneys shall be installed Vents serving Category Ifan-assisted appliances shall be installed in accordance with the appliance according to the applicable requirements of Section 814.0.For masonry chimneys,see Section 813.0. manufacturer's instructions and Appendix C or other approved engineering methods. 803.3 Dampers. Manually operated dampers shall The sizing of gas vents serving Category II, not be placed in chimneys,vents or chimney or vent Category III and Category IV appliances shall be in connectors of liquid- or gas-burning appliances. accordance with the equipment manufacturer's Fixed baffles on the appliance side of draft hoods instructions. and draft regulators shall not be classified as dampers. Automatically operated vent damper devices 802.0 Type of Venting Systems Required shall be listed and installed in accordance with the 802.1 General. The type of venting system required terms of the listing. Electrically and mechanically to serve various classifications of appliances shall be operated vent damper devices shall be arranged to as set forth in Tables 8-2 and 8-3. prevent firing of the burner unless the damper is 802.2 Limitations. Type B vents shall not be used opened to a safe position. for venting the following: 803.4 Unused Openings. Unused openings in a 802.2.1 Appliances which may be converted venting system shall be closed or capped to the readily to the use of solid or liquid fuels; satisfaction of the Administrative Authority. 61 804.0-806.6 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 804.0 Location and Support of Venting Systems other than a Type BW gas-venting system or a venting Other than Masonry Chimneys system which is an integral part of a listed appliance A combustion products vent, vent connector, shall terminate not less than five (5) feet (1524 mm) chimney or chimney connector shall not extend into above the highest vent collar which it serves. or through an air duct or plenum. 806.3 Wall Furnace. Type BW gas vent serving a Exception: A venting system may pass through vented wall furnace shall terminate at least twelve(12) a combustion air duct. feet (3658 mm) in vertical height above the bottom of Portions of venting systems which extend through the furnace,except as provided in Section 807.0. occupied and storage spaces shall be enclosed to 806.4 Type B or BW. Type B or BW gas vents with avoid contact with or damage to the installation. listed vent caps twelve(12)inches(305 mm)in size or The base of a vent which extends to the ground smaller shall be permitted to be terminated in shall rest on a solid masonry or concrete base at least accordance with Table 8-1,provided they are located two (2) inches (51 mm) in thickness. The base of a at least eight(8)feet(2438 mm)from a vertical wall or vent which does not extend to the ground and is not similar obstruction. All other Type B gas vents shall terminate not less than two (2) feet (610 mm) above self-supporting shall rest on a firm metal or masonry the highest point where they pass through the roof support. and at least two (2) feet (610 mm) higher than any Appliances shall not be vented into a fireplace or portion of a building within ten(10)feet(3048 mm). into a chimney serving a fireplace. Venting systems shall be adequately supported TABLE 8-1 for the weight and the design of the material used. Minimum Height from Roof to Lowest Discharge Opening 805.0 Length, Pitch and Clearances Roof Slope, Feet- Roof 805.1 Vent Offsets. Except as provided in Sections Inches Inches Meters Slope, mm 801.0 and 807.0, gravity vents shall extend in a Flat to 6/12 1 -0 0.3 Flat to 152/305 generally vertical direction with offsets not Over 6/12 to 7/12 1 -3 0.4 152/305 to 178/305 exceeding forty-five degrees (45°) (0.79 rad), except Over 7/12 to 8/12 1 -6 0.5 178/305 to 203/305 that a gravity vent system having not more than one Over 8/12 to 9/12 2-0 0.6 203/305 to 229/305 sixty degree(60°) (1.05 rad)offset may be allowed. Over 9/12 to 10/12 2-6 0.8 229/305 to 254/305 Vent offsets shall be supported for their weight Over 10/12 to 11/12 3-3 1.0 254/305 to 279/305 and shall be installed to maintain proper clearance, Over 11/12 to 12/12 4-0 1.2 279/305 to 305/305 to prevent physical damage and to prevent Over 12/12 to 14/12 5-0 1.5 305/305 to 356/305 separation of the joints. Over 14/12 to 16/12 6-0 1.8 356/305 to 406/305 Over 16/12 to 18/12 7-0 2.1 406/305 to 457/305 An angle greater than forty-five degrees (45°) Over 18/12 to 20/12 7-6 2.3 457/305 to 508/305 (0.79 rad) from the vertical is considered a horizontal Over 20/12 to 21/12 8-0 2.4 508/305 to 533/305 run. The total horizontal run of a vent plus the horizontal vent connector shall not exceed 75 percent of the vertical height of the vent. 806.5 Type L. Type L venting systems shall terminate not less than two (2) feet (610 mm) above 805.2 Rise. A vent connector which is a part of a the highest point where the vent passes through the gravity-type venting system shall have a continuous roof of the building and at least two(2)feet(610 mm) rise of not less than 1/4 inch per foot (20.9 mm/m) higher than any portion of the building within ten measured from the appliance vent collar to the vent. (10) feet(3048 mm) of the vent. 805.3 Clearance. Single-wall metal vent connectors, 806.6 Vent Terminals. Venting systems shall when permitted to be used by Section 802.0, shall be terminate not less than four (4) feet (1219 mm) below provided with clearances from combustible material or four (4) feet (1219 mm) horizontally from, and not of not less than that set forth in Table 3-3. less than one (1) foot (305 mm) above a door, an openable window or a gravity air inlet into a building. 806.0 Vent Termination Exception: Vent terminals of direct vent 806.1 General. Vents shall extend above the roof appliances with inputs of 50,000 Btu/h (14.65 surface, through a flashing, and terminate in a listed kW) or less shall be located at least nine (9) vent cap installed in accordance with its listing and inches(229 mm)from an opening through which the manufacturer's installation instructions. combustion products could enter a building. 806.2 Gravity-Type. Gravity-type venting systems, Appliances with inputs exceeding 50,000 Btu/h 62 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS 806.6—808.0 (14.65 kW),but not exceeding 65,000 Btu/h(19.1 BW gas vent listed for multi-story use may be kW)shall require twelve(12)inch(305 mm)vent installed in single-or multi-story buildings. termination clearances. The bottom of the vent 807.5 A stud space that contains a Type BW gas terminal and the air intake shall be located at vent,which is serving a vented wall furnace installed least twelve(12)inches(305 mm)above grade. in a single-story building or in the top story of a Venting systems shall terminate at least three (3) multi-story building, shall be open to an attic space feet (914 mm) above an outside- or makeup-air inlet or to a ventilated roof flashing equipped with a located within ten (10) feet (3048 mm) and at least storm collar. four(4)feet(1219 mm)from a property line,except a Exception: In lieu of a ventilated roof flashing, public way. this stud space may be ventilated by providing 806.7 Outdoor Appliances with Integral Vents. an opening in the wall covering, within twelve Appliances listed for outdoor installation (12) inches (305 mm) of the upper portion of the incorporating integral venting means shall be stud space, opening into a room served by the considered as being properly vented when they are wall furnace. installed in accordance with their listings and the Where a Type BW gas vent extends into an manufacturer's instructions. Venting systems shall attic space, a metal sleeve not less than 0.016 inch terminate at least four (4) feet (1219 mm) below or (0.41 mm) (No. 26 manufacturer's standard gage) four(4)feet(1219 mm)horizontally from,and at least steel, having the same area as the opening through one (1) foot (305 mm) above a door, an openable the ceiling plate, shall extend around the gas vent window or a gravity-air inlet into a building.Venting from the top of the ceiling plate into the attic at least systems shall terminate not less than three (3) feet twelve (12) inches (305 mm) or to a point two (2) (914 mm) above a forced-air inlet located within ten inches (51 mm)below the roof sheathing,whichever (10) feet (3048 mm) and at least four (4) feet (1219 is less.This sleeve shall be securely fixed in position. mm)from a property line,except a public way. Exception:The metal sleeve will not be required if fire-stop spacers are required at the ceiling 807.0 Vents for Wall Furnaces Requiring a Type plate by Section 807.6 of this section. BW Gas Vent 807.6 The stud space in which a vented recessed In addition to other requirements specified in this wall furnace is installed shall be ventilated at the first chapter, gas-burning vented wall furnaces requiring ceiling plate level above the furnace by the ceiling a Type BW gas vent shall be vented to comply with plate spacer furnished with the gas vent used. the following requirements: Fire-stop spacers furnished with the gas vent used 807.1 Type BW gas vents shall be attached to a solid shall be installed at each subsequent ceiling plate header plate designed for the vented wall furnace through which the gas vent passes. installed. This attachment shall be made by a base 807.7 A suitable metal guard shall be installed at the plate furnished with the gas vent used. floor line of each floor through which the gas vent 807.2 The stud space in which a Type BW gas vent passes to assure required clearance from combustible is installed shall be free of obstructions, except for material and to prevent damage to the vent. fire-stop spacers that are required for multistory 807.8 When a Type BW gas vent is installed in an Type BW gas vents.All ceiling plates and floor plates existing building,the wall covering one side of the vent through which the gas vent passes shall be cut flush shall be completely open for installation and inspection. with the adjacent wall studs. 807.9 Type BW gas vents shall extend from the 807.3 Clearance of Type BW gas vent from any header plate of the vented wall furnace to a point material shall be that space provided by the base above the highest ceiling plate through which the plate,ceiling plate spacer straps and fire-stop spacers, vent passes, without offsets or crossovers therein. furnished with the gas vent used.When Type BW gas After a Type BW gas vent passes through the highest vent is located in a stud space,care shall be exercised ceiling plate above the furnace which it serves, the so that clearances provided by spacers are vent system may be completed with Type B gas vent maintained after application of wall coverings and of the same manufacturer,and offsets or break-overs other parts of the construction. A sheet metal barrier shall be limited to those specified in Section 805.0. shall be installed between a BW gas vent located in a stud space and wall covering constructed of perforated lath,metal lath or building paper. 808.0 Size of Gravity Venting System 807.4 Type BW gas vent listed only for single-story Gravity venting systems shall have an internal use shall be installed only in a single-story building cross-sectional area equivalent to the area of the vent or on the top story of a multi-story building. Type collar on the appliance. 63 808.0—813.2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Exception: Pressurized venting systems which 810.3 The venting system shall be connected to the are an integral part of a listed appliance appliance in a safe manner. employing plastic pipe are regulated under the fifth paragraph of Section 801.0 and Column IV 811.0 Draft Hoods of Table 8-3. Gravity venting systems shall have an area of at An appliance draft hood shall be located in the same least seven (7) square inches (4516 mm') unless the room or space as the combustion air opening of the venting system is an integral part of a listed appliance. appliance. A draft hood shall be installed in the position for which it was designed and shall be located so that 809.0 Multiple-Appliance Venting Systems the draft hood relief opening is at least six (6) inches Two or more oil- or gas-burning appliances may be (152 mm) from any surface other than the appliance connected to a common venting system, or it serves, measured in a direction 90 degrees (1.57 automatically controlled gas appliances may be rad) to the plane of the relief opening. When a vented into the same chimney serving greater clearance is indicated by the appliance liquid-fuel-fired appliances, provided: (a) the gas approval, as shown on the appliance label, the appliances are each equipped with a safety shutoff greater clearance shall be provided. device, (b) each oil appliance is equipped with a primary safety control, and (c) the venting system is 812.0 Types of Chimneys designed to meet the requirements of Section 801.0 of this code, or the venting system complies with the 812.1 Factory-Built Chimneys. Factory-built following requirements: chimneys shall be installed in accordance with the 809.1 Appliances which are connected to a common terms of their listing, the manufacturer's installation venting system shall be located within the same instructions and the applicable requirements of this story of the building, except designed vent systems code. Factory-built chimneys shall terminate as as provided by Section 801.0. required for unlisted single-wall metal chimneys in Table 8-4. 809.2 Two or more connectors shall not enter a Chimneys used with fireplaces or heating common venting system unless the inlets are offset appliances in which solid or liquid fuel is used shall in such a manner that no portion of an inlet is be maintained with a spark arrestor as required for opposite the other inlets. incinerators. 809.3 When two or more appliances are connected Exception: Chimneys which are located more to one venting system, the venting system area shall than 200 feet (60960 mm) from any be not less than the area of the largest vent connector mountainous, brush-covered or forest-covered plus 50 percent of the areas of the additional vent land or land covered with flammable material connectors. and are not attached to any structure having less 809.4 Each vent connector of a multiple venting than Class C roofing,as set forth in the Building system shall have the greatest possible rise consistent Code. with the headroom available between the draft hood 812.2 Masonry Chimneys.Masonry chimneys shall outlet, the barometric damper or the flue collar and be constructed to meet the requirements of Section the point of interconnection to a manifold, to a 813.0. common vent or to a chimney. 812.3 Metal Chimneys. Metal chimneys shall be constructed to meet the requirements of Section 810.0 Existing Venting Systems 814.0. An existing venting system shall not be connected to a replaced appliance unless the venting system 813.0 Masonry Chimneys complies with all the following requirements: 810.1 The venting system shall have been lawfully 813.1 Design. Masonry chimneys shall be designed, anchored, supported and reinforced as required in installed in compliance with the code in effect at the time of its installation and shall be in a safe the Building Code. condition. 813.2 Gas Venting into Existing Masonry 810.2 The internal area of the venting system shall Chimneys. Existing lined masonry chimneys and comply with Section 808.0 for a single-appliance unlined chimneys with not more than one side venting system and Section 809.0 for multiple- exposed to the outside may be used to vent gas appliance venting systems. appliances,provided: 64 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS 813.2—814.1 813.2.1 An approved liner shall be installed in within a dwelling unit of a Group R Occupancy. an existing unlined masonry chimney when Metal chimneys shall not be carried up deemed necessary by the Administrative inside ventilating ducts unless such ducts are Authority considering local problems of vent gas constructed and installed as required by this condensate. code for chimneys and are used solely for 813.2.2 The effective cross-sectional area is not exhaust of air from the room or space in which more than four times the cross-sectional area of the appliances served by the metal chimneys are the vent and chimney connectors entering the located. chimney. 814.1.2 Design. Metal chimneys shall have a 813.2.3 The effective area of the chimney when minimum thickness of 0.127 inch(3.23 mm) (No. connected to more than one appliance shall be 10 manufacturer's standard gage) steel and shall not less than the area of the largest vent or be designed and constructed as specified in this chimney connector plus 50 percent of the area of chapter and in the Building Code. the additional vent or chimney connectors. 814.1.3 Construction.Unlisted metal chimneys 813.2.4 Automatically controlled gas appliances shall be riveted or welded and, unless connected to a chimney which also serves structurally self-supporting, shall be guyed equipment burning liquid fuel shall be equipped securely or firmly anchored to or otherwise with an automatic pilot. A gas appliance vent supported by the building or structure served connector and a chimney connector from an thereby. All joints shall be liquidtight or of such appliance burning liquid fuel may be connected a design that liquid will drain to the interior of into the same chimney through separate the chimney. openings, provided the gas appliance is vented 814.1.4 Lining. Metal chimneys shall be lined above the liquid fuel-burning appliance, or both as required by Table 8-4. may be connected through a single opening if 814.1.5 Termination. Metal chimneys shall joined by a suitable fitting located at the terminate as required by Table 8-4. chimney. chimn 814.1.6 Clearance.Clearance from combustible 5 The chimney passageway shall be examined to ascertain that it is clear and free of construction shall be in accordance with Table 8- obstructions and shall be cleaned if previously 4 and the applicable requirements for each used for venting solid- or liquid-fuel-burning classification of chimney as required by this chapter. appliances. 813.2.E The vent or chimney connector shall When a metal chimney passes through a ceiling or roof constructed of combustible enter the chimney at least six (6) inches (152 mm) from the bottom of the chimney. The materials, it shall be protected by an approved chimney shall be provided with a cleanout. If six ventilating thimble extending not less than nine (6) inches (152 mm) are not available,a cleanout (9) inches (229 mm) below and nine (9) inches shall be provided by installing a capped tee in (229 mm) above the ceiling or roof construction. the vent connector next to the chimney. Thimbles shall be of a size to provide a clearance Unlined chimneys with more than one side on all sides of the chimney at least eighteen(18) Y inches (457 mm), except that for chimneys of exposed to the outside shall be lined with an low-heat appliances the clearance may be approved liner unless otherwise approved by the reduced to at least six(6)inches(152 mm). Administrative Authority. 814.1.7 Support. Metal chimneys shall be When inspection reveals that an existing supported on properly designed foundations of chimney is not safe for the intended application, it masonry or reinforced concrete or on shall be rebuilt to conform to chimney standards of noncombustible material having a fire-resistance the Building Code or replaced with an approved gas rating of not less than three hours, provided vent or factory-built chimney complying with such supports are independent of the building Section 812.1. construction and the load is transferred to the ground. 814.0 Metal Chimneys 814.1.8 Enclosure Required for Interior 814.1 General Chimneys.Metal chimneys or parts thereof in a 814.1.1 Limitations. Unlisted single-wall metal building exceeding one story in height shall be chimneys (smokestacks) shall not be installed enclosed above the story in which the appliance served is located, in walls of noncombustible 65 814.1 —814.5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE construction having a fire-resistive rating of not (610 mm) or more below the lowest chimney less than one hour if the building is less than connector entrance and shall extend to a height of at four stories in height, and not less than two least twenty-five (25) feet (7620 mm) above the hours if the building is four stories or more in highest chimney connector entrance. height, with a space on all sides between the Where a metal chimney serving a medium-heat chimney and the enclosing walls sufficient to appliance passes through a roof constructed of render the entire chimney accessible for combustible material, the roof shall be guarded by a examination and repair. The enclosing walls ventilating thimble of galvanized iron or approved shall be without openings. corrosion-resistant metal extending not less than Exception: Doorways equipped with a fire nine (9) inches (229 mm) below and nine (9) inches assembly having a one-hour fire-resistive (229 mm)above the roof construction and of a size to rating may be permitted at each floor level provide not less than eighteen (18) inch (457 mm) for inspection purposes. clearance on all sides of the chimney. 814.2 Metal Chimneys for Building Heating and Where a metal chimney used for medium-heat Industrial-Type Low-Heat Appliances.When a metal appliances is located in the same story of a building chimney used for building heating and industrial-type as that in which the appliances connected are low-heat appliances is located in the same story of a located, it shall have a clearance of not less than building as that in which the appliances connected thirty-six(36) inches(914 mm)from any combustible thereto are located,it shall have a clearance of not less material. Such interior metal chimneys over eighteen than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) from any (18) inches (457 mm) in diameter shall have a combustible material. Interior metal chimneys over clearance of not less than four (4) inches (102 mm), eighteen(18)inches(457 mm)in diameter shall have a and those eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) or less in clearance of not less than four (4) inches (102 mm); diameter a clearance of not less than two (2) inches those less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) in (51 mm)from noncombustible construction. diameter shall have a clearance of at least two (2) 814.4 Metal Chimneys for High-Heat Appliances. inches(51 mm)from noncombustible construction. Metal chimneys for high-heat appliances shall be lined When a metal chimney serving only building with high-duty firebrick as specified in recognized heating and industrial-type or low-heat appliances building code standards, not less than 4-1/2 inches passes through a roof constructed of combustible (114 mm) thick laid on the 4-1/2 inch(114 mm)bed in material, the roof shall be guarded by a ventilating refractory mortar as specified in recognized building thimble of galvanized steel or approved code standards. The lining shall start two (2) feet(610 corrosion-resistant metal extending at least nine (9) mm) or more below the lowest chimney connector inches (229 mm) below and nine (9) inches (229 mm) entrance and shall extend to a height of at least twenty- above the roof construction, and of a size to provide five (25) feet (7620 mm) above the highest chimney not less than six (6) inch (152 mm) clearance on all connector entrance.Chimneys terminating twenty-five sides of the chimney; or the combustible material in (25)feet(7620 mm) or less above a chimney connector the roof construction shall be cut away so as to provide entrance shall be lined to the top. not less than eighteen(18) inch(457 mm) clearance on 814.5 Metal Chimneys for Incinerators all sides of the chimney, with any material used to 814.5.1 Residential-Type Incinerators. close up such opening entirely noncombustible. Galvanized steel pipe not less than 0.129 inch 814.3 Metal Chimneys for Medium-Heat (3.28 mm)(No. 10 galvanized-sheet gage number) Appliances. Metal chimneys for medium-heat or other equivalent noncombustible, fire- and appliances and producing flue gases having a corrosion-resistant material may be used for temperature above 1000°F (538°C), measured at the residential-type incinerators installed in locations entrance to the chimney, shall be lined with such as open sheds, breezeways or carports, medium-duty firebrick which is in accordance with provided the pipe is exposed and readily recognized building code standards, laid in fireclay examinable for its full length and clearance not mortar. The lining shall be at least 2-1/2 inches (64 less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) is mm)thick for chimneys having a diameter or greatest maintained from combustible material. The pipe cross-section dimension of eighteen (18) inches (457 shall extend at least three(3)feet(914 mm)above mm) or less and shall have a thickness of not less the highest point where it passes by or through a than 4-1/2 inches (114 mm) laid on a 4-1/2 inch (114 roof and at least two(2)feet(610 mm)higher than mm) bed for chimneys having a diameter or greatest any portion of a building within ten (10) feet cross-section dimension greater than eighteen (18) (3048 mm). If the pipe passes through a roof inches (457 mm). The lining shall start two (2) feet constructed of combustible material, it shall be 66 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS 814.5-815.1 guarded by a ventilating thimble of galvanized in height,and not less than two hours if the building sheet steel or approved corrosion-resistant is four or more stories in height.All openings into the noncombustible material extending not less than enclosing walls shall be protected with a self-closing nine (9) inches (229 mm) below and nine (9) fire assembly having a fire-resistive rating of not less inches (229 mm) above the roof construction and than one and one-half hours. of a size to provide not less than six (6) inch(152 mm) clearance on all sides of the pipe; or the combustible material in the roof construction 815.0 Connectors shall be cut away so as to provide not less than 815.1 General. Connectors shall be used to connect eighteen(18)inch(457 mm)clearance on all sides fuel-burning appliances to a vertical chimney or vent of the pipe, with any material used to close up unless the chimney or vent is attached directly to the such opening entirely noncombustible. appliance. Such connectors shall be installed within 814.5.2 Commercial and Industrial-Type the space or area in which the appliance is located Incinerators. Metal chimneys for commercial and shall be connected to a chimney or vent in such a and industrial-type incinerators shall be lined manner as to maintain the clearance to combustibles with medium-duty firebrick as specified in as required in Table 3-3. Chimney connectors shall recognized building code standards,not less than be attached to factory-built chimneys as required by 4-1/2 inches (114 mm) thick laid on the 4-1/2 the listing and the manufacturer's installation inch(114 mm)bed in refractory mortar,medium instructions. duty as specified in recognized building code Exception: Listed appliances with integral standards.The lining shall start at the base of the venting systems such as direct vent appliances chimney and extend continuously to the top. need not comply. Metal chimneys of commercial and Connectors serving gravity-vent-type appliances industrial-type incinerators shall extend at least shall not be connected to a venting system served by three (3) feet (914 mm) above roofs measured a power exhauster unless the connection is made on from the highest point at which the metal the negative pressure side of the power exhauster. chimney passes through the roof. In any case, All connectors shall be as short and straight as the chimney shall extend at least ten (10) feet possible. (3048 mm)higher than any portion of a building An appliance shall be located as close as within twenty-five(25)feet(7620 mm). practical to the venting system. Metal chimneys for commercial and Connectors shall not be concealed by building industrial incinerators shall be installed to construction. Connectors made of Type B or Type L provide clearances as specified in Section 814.3, materials may be enclosed following inspection, Metal Chimneys for Medium-Heat Appliances. provided the installation meets the provisions of 814.6 Spark Arrestors. Chimneys serving Section 815.2.2.8. incinerators shall terminate in a substantially Connectors shall not pass through an area or constructed spark arrestor having an area not less occupancy separation. Connectors may pass than four times the net free area of the chimney it through other walls or partitions in accordance with serves. Openings shall not permit the passage of a the provisions of Section 815.2.2.6. sphere having a diameter larger than 1/2 inch (12.7 Single-wall metal pipe used as a connector shall mm) nor block the passage of a sphere having a not originate in an unoccupied attic or concealed diameter less than 3/8 inch(9.6 mm).Spark arrestors space and shall not pass through an attic,inside wall shall be adequately supported and secured. or concealed space. 814.7 Enclosures. Metal chimneys serving flue-fed, When the connector used for a gas appliance chute-fed,commercial or industrial-type incinerators, having a draft hood must be located or pass through extending through any story of a building above that a crawl space or other cold area, that portion of the in which the incinerator is located, shall be enclosed connector shall be listed Type B or Type L vent in the upper stories within a continuous enclosure material or be provided with equivalent means of constructed of materials which are not combustible, insulation. such as masonry.The enclosure shall extend from the ceiling of the incinerator room to or through the roof Connectors shall be installed so as to avoid so as to retain the integrity of the fire separations as sharp turns or other construction features which required by applicable Building Code provisions.The would create excessive resistance to the flow of flue enclosure shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less gases.No device which will obstruct the free flow of than one hour if the building is less than four stories flue gases shall be installed in a connector.This shall 67 815.1 —815.2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE not be construed to prohibit the use of devices Diameter Minimum Manuf. specifically listed or approved for installation in a of Connector Thickness Sheet connector, such as heat reclaimers, draft regulators Inches (mm) Inches (mm) Gage No. and safety controls. 12 or less (305 or less) 0.044 1.12 18 Connectors shall be securely supported and Over 12 to 24 (Over 305 to 610) 0.055 1.40 16 joints fastened with sheet metal screws, rivets or Over 24 to 36 (Over 601 to 914) 0.068 1.73 14 other approved means. At the point of connection of Over 36 to 60(Over 915 to 1524) 0.097 2.46 12 the single-wall connector to the double-wall gas Over 60 (Over 1524) 0.127 3.23 10 vent, three sheet metal screws or rivets may be used as an approved means. End joints of breechings may be welded, Manually operated dampers shall not be placed lapped,bolted or made with companion end in connectors of stoker-fired, liquid- or gas-burning flanges. Long breechings shall be provided appliances. Fixed baffles on the appliance side of with expansion joints. draft hoods and draft regulators shall not be 815.2.1.3 Medium-Heat Appliances and classified as dampers. Automatically operated Industrial Incinerators.Metal connectors for dampers shall be listed and installed in accordance medium-heat appliances and industrial with the terms of the listing and arranged to prevent incinerators shall be lined with fire-brick not the initiation or increase of firing unless the damper less than 2-1/2 inches (64 mm) thick when is opened to a safe position. the appliance flue collar is not larger than Connectors shall be adequately supported for eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) in diameter or the design and weight of the materials employed to greatest dimension, and 4-1/2 inches (114 maintain proper clearances, to prevent physical mm) thick when the flue collar is larger than damage and to prevent separation of the joints. eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) in diameter. 815.2 Chimney Connectors Firebrick shall be laid in fireclay. All such connectors shall maintain a free area equal in 815.2.1 Materials size to the flue collar. 815.2.1.1 General. Chimney connectors 815.2.1.4 High-Heat Appliances. Metal shall be constructed of single-wall metal, connectors for high-heat appliances shall be conforming with Sections 815.2.1.2 and lined with high-duty firebrick having a 815.2.1.3,of Type L vent material or of other thickness of at least 4-1/2 inches (114 mm) materials approved for the use intended. laid on the 4-1/2 inch (114 mm) bed in Chimney connectors used for listed gas fireclay mortar. appliances with draft hoods may be 815.2.2 Installation. installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 815.3. 815.2.2.1 Sizing. The connector, for its 815.2.1.2 Residential and Low-Heat entire length, shall be not smaller than the Appliances. If serving residential flue collar of the appliance unless otherwise building-heating appliances and low-heat recommended by the appliance, chimney or vent manufacturer. appliances, chimney connectors made of single-wall steel pipe shall be of at least the Two or more chimney connectors shall not thickness indicated. be joined unless the common connector, the manifold and the chimney are sized properly Minimum Diameter Galvanized to serve the appliances connected thereto of Connector Thickness Sheet and adequate draft is available to remove all Inches (mm) Inches (mm) Gage No. products of combustion to the outdoors. 5 or less (127 or less) 0.013 0.33 28 815.2.2.2 Clearance. Single-wall metal Over 5 to 9 (Over 127 to 228) 0.019 0.48 26 connectors shall be installed with clearance Over 9 to 12 (Over 229 to 305) 0.030 0.76 22 to combustibles as set forth in Table 3-3. Over 12 to 16 (Over 305 to 406) 0.036 0.91 20 815.2.2.3 Draft Regulators. A draft Over 16 (Over 406) 0.058 1.47 16 regulator shall be installed in the connector serving a liquid-fuel-burning appliance Breeching for medium-heat and high-heat unless the appliance is approved for use appliances shall be fabricated of black hot-rolled without a draft regulator. steel with welded seams and shall be of at least A draft regulator may be installed in the the following thickness: connector serving a listed gas incinerator 68 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS 815.2 when recommended by the incinerator 815.2.2.6.4 The connector is put manufacturer. Draft regulators shall be through a device listed for wall pass- installed in accordance with the installation through. instructions accompanying the incinerator. 815.2.2.6.5 The connector is ten (10) A draft regulator, when used, shall be inches (254 mm) or less in diameter and installed in the same room or enclosure as is installed according to one of the the appliance in such a manner that no methods specified in Table 8-5. difference in pressure between air in the Concealed metal parts of the vicinity of the regulator and the combustion pass-through system in contact with air will be permitted. flue gases shall be of stainless steel or 815.2.2.4 Pitch. Chimney connectors shall equivalent material that resists have a rise of not less than 1/4 inch per foot corrosion, softening or cracking up to (20.8 mm/m). 1800°F(982°C). 815.2.2.5 Entering Masonry Chimneys.A In lieu of thimbles or other wall connector entering a masonry chimney shall pass-through systems, combustible material extend through the wall to the inner face of in the wall or partition shall be cut away the liner,but not beyond,and shall be firmly from the connector a sufficient distance to cemented to masonry. A thimble may be provide the clearance required from the used to facilitate removal of the connector connector. A material used to close up the for cleaning, in which case the thimble shall openings shall be noncombustible material, be permanently cemented in place with conforming to part 1 of the definition for high-temperature cement. The chimney "noncombustible"in Section 216.0. connector shall enter the chimney not less 815.2.2.7 Length. A connector shall be as than six (6) inches (152 mm) from the short and straight as possible. The appliance bottom of the chimney. The chimney shall shall be located as close as practicable to the be provided with a cleanout.If six(6)inches chimney. The horizontal run of an (152 mm) are not available, a cleanout shall uninsulated connector to a natural draft be provided by installing a capped tee in the chimney shall be not more than 75 percent connector next to the chimney. of the height of the vertical portion of the 815.2.2.6 Passage Through Walls or chimney above the connector, unless part of Partitions. The connector of a medium- or an engineered system. high-heat appliance as classified in Table 8-2 The horizontal run of an insulated shall not pass through any wall or partition connector to a natural draft chimney serving constructed of combustible material. a single fuel-fired appliance shall be not Connectors for listed gas appliances more than 100 percent of the height of the with draft hoods,except incinerators and oil vertical portion of the chimney above the appliances listed for Type L vents,may pass connector, unless part of an engineered through walls or partitions constructed of system. The horizontal length, design and combustible materials if: construction of combined connectors, or 815.2.2.6.1 Made of Type B or Type L connectors to a manifold joining two or material and installed with at least the more appliances to a chimney, shall be listed clearances to combustible determined in accordance with approved material. engineering methods. 815.2.2.6.2 Made of single-wall metal 815.2.2.8 Access. The entire length of a pipe and guarded by a ventilated thimble connector shall be accessible for inspection, at least four(4)inches(102 mm)larger in cleaning and replacement, unless listed diameter than the vent connector. materials are used and approval has been obtained from the Administrative Authority. Connectors for residential-type 815.2.2.9 Fireplace Connection. A appliances may pass through walls or partitions constructed of combustible chimney connector shall not be connected to material to reach a masonry chimney if: a chimney flue serving a fireplace unless the fireplace opening is sealed or the chimney 815.2.2.6.3 The connector is listed for flue which vents the fireplace is wall pass-through and installed permanently sealed below the connection. according to the listing. 69 815.3—817.2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 815.3 Vent Connectors Each vent connector of a multiple 815.3.1 Materials. Vent connectors used for gas venting system shall have the greatest appliances having draft hoods, for listed possible rise consistent with the headroom conversion-burner-equipped appliances having available between the draft hood outlet or draft hoods and for other gas appliance(s) listed the flue collar and the point of for use with Type B venting systems may be interconnection to a manifold or to a constructed of Type B or Type L vent material or common vent. of noncombustible corrosion-resistant material capable of withstanding the flue gas 816.0 Mechanical Draft Systems temperatures produced by the appliance, such 816.1 Forced or Induced Draft Systems. as 0.016 inch(0.41 mm) (No. 28 galvanized sheet Appliances, except incinerators, requiring venting gage) steel, No. 26 B.&S. gage copper or No. 24 also may be vented by means of mechanical draft B.&S.gage aluminum. systems of either forced or induced draft design. 815.3.2 Installation 816.2 Positive Pressure Systems. Forced draft 815.3.2.1 Size. Vent connectors shall be systems and all portions of induced draft systems sized in accordance with the requirements under positive static pressure during operation shall of Section 815.2.2.1. be designed and installed so as to be gastight or as to 815.3.2.2 Clearance. Single-wall metal prevent leakage of combustion products into a vent connectors,where permitted to be used building. by Section 802.0, shall be provided with 816.3 Interconnected Systems. Vent connectors clearances from combustible material of not serving gas appliances vented by natural draft shall less than that set forth in Table 3-3. not be connected into any portion of a mechanical Exception: A lesser clearance is draft system operating under positive pressure. acceptable if protection is provided 816.4 Interlock Controls. When a forced-draft or according to the requirements of Tables induced-draft system is employed,provision shall be 3-1 and 3-2 of this code. made to prevent the flow of gas to the main burner 815.3.2.3 Length. The maximum when the draft system is not performing so as to permissible length of a vent connector shall satisfy the operating requirements of the appliance be in accordance with Section 815.2.2.7. for safe performance. 815.3.2.4 Pitch. Vent connectors shall be 816.5 Exit Terminals. The exit terminals of installed without any downward pitch from forced-draft and induced-draft systems shall be the appliance and without any dips or sags. located not less than twelve (12) inches (305 mm) Vent connectors shall be pitched upwards from any opening through which combustion from the appliance at least 1/4 inch per foot products could enter the building, nor less than two (20.8 mm/m). (2)feet(610 mm.)from an adjoining building,and not 815.3.2.5 Access. The entire length of vent less than seven(7) feet(2134 mm.) above grade when connectors shall be accessible for inspection, located adjacent to public walkways. cleaning and replacement, unless listed materials are used and approval has been 817.0 Venting through Ventilating Hoods and obtained from the Administrative Authority. Exhaust Systems 815.3.2.6 Limited Passage Through 817.1 Commercial Applications.Ventilating hoods Wells or Partitions. The passage of vent and exhaust systems may be used to vent connectors through walls or partitions shall gas-burning appliances installed in commercial be limited to the conditions specified in applications. Section 815.2.2.6. 817.2 Dampers. When automatically operated 815.3.2.7 Two or More Appliances appliances such as water heaters are vented through Connected to a Single Vent. Two or more natural draft ventilating hoods,dampers shall not be vent connectors shall not be joined unless installed in the ventilating system. When the the common connector, the manifold and ventilating hood or exhaust system is equipped with the vent are sized properly to serve the power means of exhaust, the appliance control appliances connected thereto and adequate system shall be interlocked so as to permit appliance draft is available to remove all products of operation only when the power means of exhaust is combustion to the outdoors. in operation. 70 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS Table 8-2 TABLE 8-2 Chimney Selection Chart CHIMNEYS FOR CHIMNEYS FOR LOW-HEAT APPLIANCES RESIDENTIAL Industrial-Type CHIMNEYS FOR MEDIUM-HEAT CHIMNEYS FOR HIGH-HEAT APPLIANCES Building-Heating Appliances Low-Heat Appliances APPLIANCES APPLIANCES 1. Factory-Built 1. Factory-Built(low-heat) 1. Factory-Built(industrial 1. Factory-Built(medium-heat 1. Masonry(high-heat type) (residential) 2. Masonry(low-heat type) low-heat type) type) 2. Metal(smokestack) 2. Masonry(residential) 3. Metal(smokestack) 2. Masonry(low-heat type) 2. Masonry(medium-heat type) 3. Metal(residential) 3. Metal(smokestack) 3. Metal(smokestack) TYPES OF APPLIANCES TO BE USED WITH EACH TYPE CHIMNEY COLUMN I COLUMN II COLUMN III COLUMN IV COLUMN V A. Residential-type A.All appliances shown in All appliances shown in All appliances shown in Columns All appliances shown in appliances,such as: Column I Columns I and Il,and appliances I,II and III,and appliances Columns I,II,III and IV, 1. Ranges B.Non-residential-type such as: such as: and appliances such as: 2. Warm-air furnaces building-heating appliances 1. Annealing baths for hard 1. Alabaster gypsum kilns 1. Bessemer retorts 3. Water heaters for heating a total volume glass(fats,paraffin, 2. Annealing furnaces 2. Billet and bloom 4. Hot-water-heating of space exceeding salts,or metals) (glass or metal) furnaces boilers 25,000 cubic feet(708 m') 2. Bake ovens(in bakeries) 3. Charcoal furnaces 3. Blast furnaces 5. Low-pressure C.Steam boilers operating 3. Boiling vats,for wood 4. Cold stirring furnaces 4. Bone calcining furnaces steamheating boilers at not over 1000-F(538°C) fibre,straw,lignin,etc. 5. Feed dryers(direct-fire-heated) 5. Brass furnaces (not over 15 psig flue gas temperature; 4. Candy furnaces 6. Fertilizer driers(direct-fire- 6. Carbon point furnaces (103.4 kPa)) pressing machine boilers 5. Coffee roasting ovens heated) 7. Cement brick and tile kilns 6. Domestic incinerators 6. Core ovens 7. Galvanizing furnaces 8. Ceramic kilns 7. Floor furnaces 7. Cruller furnaces 8. Gas producers 9. Coal and water gas 8. Wall furnaces 8. Feed drying ovens 9. Hardening furnaces retorts 9, Room heaters 9. Fertilizer drying ovens (cherry to pale red) 10. Cupolas 10. Fireplace stoves 10. Fireplaces,other than 10. Incinerators,commercial 11. Earthenware kilns 11.Closed- residential type and industrial-type 12. Glass blow furnaces combustion-type 11. Forge furnaces(solid fuel) 11. Lehrs and glory holes 13. Glass furnaces solid-fuel-burning 12. Gypsum kilns 12. Lime kilns (smelting) stoves or room 13. Hardening furnaces 13. Linseed-oil-boiling furnaces 14. Glass kilns heaters' (below dark red) B.Fireplaces 14. Hot-air engine furnaces 14. Porcelain biscuit kilns 15. Open hearth furnaces 15. Ladle-drying furnaces 15. Pulp driers(direct-fire- 16. Ore-roasting furnaces 16. Lead-melting furnaces heated) 17. Porcelain-baking and 17. Nickel plate(drying) 16. Steam boilers operating glazing kilns furnaces at over 1000'F(538°C)flue 18. Pot-arches 18. Paraffin furnaces gas temperature 19. Puddling furnaces 19. Recuperative furnaces 17. Water-glass kiln 20. Regenerative furnaces (spent materials) 18. Wood-distilling furnaces 21. Reverberatory furnaces 20. Rendering furnaces 19. Wood-gas retorts 22. Stacks,carburetor or 21. Restaurant-type cooking superheating furnaces appliances using solid or (in water-gas works) liquid fuel 23. Vitreous enameling 22. Rosin-melting furnaces ovens(ferrous metals) 23. Stereotype furnaces 24. Wood-carbonizing 24. Sulphur furnaces furnaces 25. Tripoli kilns(clay,coke and gypsum) 26. Type foundry furnaces 27. Wood-drying furnaces 28. Wood-impregnating furnaces 29. Zinc-amalgamating furnaces 'When these appliances are vented with a factory-built chimney,the chimney shall be a listed Type HT chimney. 71 Table 8-3—Table 8-4 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 8-3 Vent Selection Chart COLUMN I TYPE B, GAS COLUMN II COLUMN III COLUMN IV Round or Oval TYPE BW GAS TYPE L PLASTIC PIPE All listed gas appliances 1. Gas-burning wall 1. Oil-burning appliances 1. Condensing with draft hoods such as: heaters listed for use with listed for use with Type L appliances listed for use 1. Central furnaces Type BW vents vents with a specific plastic 2. Floor furnaces pipe recommended and 3. Heating boilers 2. Gas appliances as identified in the 4. Ranges and ovens shown in first column manufacturer's 5. Recessed wall furnaces installation instructions (above wall section) 6. Room and unit heaters 7. Water heaters TABLE 8-4 Construction, Clearance and Termination Requirements for Unlisted Single-Wall Metal Chimneys MINIMUM THICKNESS TERMINATION CLEARANCE ABOVE ABOVE ANY PART COMBUSTIBLE NONCOMBUSTIBLE ROOF OF BUILDING WITHIN CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CHIMNEYS SERVING WALL LINING OPENING 10, 25' 50' INTERIOR INST.EXTERIORINST. INTERIOR INST.EXTERIORINST. Building-heating and industrial-type low-heat 0.127" appliances(1000`F (Mfs.Std. None 3' 2' 18" 6" operating-1400"F 10 ga.) temp.maximum)` Up to 18"diameter,2" Medium-heat industrial- 0.127" Up to 18" Over 18"diameter,4" trial-type appliances (Mfrs.Std. dia.-2-1/2" (2000°F maximum)" 10 ga.) Over 18" 10, 10, 36" 24" 4-1/2"on 4.112'bed High-heat industrial- 0.127" 4-1/2"laid appliances (Mfrs.Std. on 4-1/2" 20' 20' See footnote 4 (Over 2000°F)'z 10 ga.) bed Residential-type 0.127"(Mfrs. None 3' 2' Not permitted 18" Not permitted 4" incinerator° Std. 10 ga.) Chute-fed flue-fed 3'above commercial or 0.127" 4-1/2"laid sloping roof Up to 18"diameter,2" industrial-type (Mfrs.Std. on 4-1/2" or 8'above 10, 36" 24" Over 18"diameter,4" incinerators2.5 10 ga.) bed flat roof 1 See Table 8-2 for types of appliances to be used with each type of chimney. inches x 25.4=mm 2 Lining shall extend from bottom to top of chimney. feet x 304.8=mm 3 Lining shall extend from 24 inches(610 mm)below connector to 24 feet(7315 mm)above. ff-32)x 5/9=°C 4 Clearance shall be as specified by the design engineer and shall have sufficient clearance from buildings and structures to avoid overheating combustible materials[maximum 160°F(71°C)] 5 Spark arrestors shall be provided in accordance with Section 814.6. 72 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS Table 8-5 TABLE 8-5 Chimney Connector Systems and Clearances from Room Wall Combustibles for Residential Heating Appliances System A A 3-1/2 inch thick(89 mm) brick wall shall be framed into the combustible wall.A 5/8 inch thick(16 mm)fire clay liner shall be firmly cemented in the center of the brick wall, [12-inch(305 maintaining a 12 inch (305 mm)clearance to combustibles.The clay liner shall run from mm)clearance] the outer surface of the bricks to the inner surface of the chimney liner, but it shall not protrude into the chimney liner. System B A listed solid insulated factory-built chimney section 1 inch (25.4 mm) insulation) the same inside diameter as the connector shall be used. Sheet metal supports cut to maintain [9 inch (229 a 9 inch (229 mm)clearance to combustibles shall be fastened to the wall surface and mm)clearance] to the chimney section. Fasteners shall not penetrate the chimney flue liner.The chimney length shall be flush with the masonry chimney liner and sealed to the masonry with water- insoluble refractory cement. Chimney manufacturer's parts shall be used to securely fasten the chimney connector to the chimney section. System C A sheet metal (minimum 24 gage) ventilated thimble having two, one-inch (25.4 mm) air channels shall be used with a sheet steel chimney connector(minimum 24 gage). Sheet steel [6 inch (152 supports(minimum 24 gage)shall be cut to maintain a 6 inch (152 mm)clearance mm)clearance] between the thimble and combustibles. One side of the support shall be fastened to the wall on all sides. Glass fiber insulation shall fill the 6 inch (152 mm) space between the thimble and the supports. The chimney section shall be secured to the support. Fasteners used shall not penetrate the liner of the chimney section. System D A listed solid insulated factory-built chimney section 1 inch (25.4-mm) insulation)with a [2 inch (51 mm) diameter 2 inches(51 mm) larger than the chimney connector shall be used with a sheet clearance] steel chimney connector (minimum 24 gage). Sheet metal supports shall be positioned to maintain a 2 inch (51 mm) clearance to combustibles and to hold the chimney connector to assure that a 1 inch (25.4 mm) air space surrounds it as it passes through the chimney section.The steel support shall be fastened to the wall on all sides and the chimney section shall be fastened to the supports. Fasteners used shall not penetrate the liner of the chimney section. Requirements for systems in Table 8-5: 1. Insulation material used as a part of a wall pass-through shall be noncombustible and shall have a thermal conductivity of 1.0 Btu-in./ft.2°F(0.69 W/(m•K))or less. 2. All clearances and thicknesses are minimums. 3. Materials used to close up openings for the connector shall be noncombustible. 4. Connectors for all systems, except System B, shall extend through the wall pass-through system to the inner face of the flue liner. 73 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 74 CHAPTER 9 SPECIAL FUEL-BURNING AND ENERGY-UTILIZING EQUIPMENT 901.0 Scope An unobstructed working space not less than Warm-air heating systems, vented decorative thirty (30) inches (762 mm) in depth and the height appliances,floor furnaces,vented wall furnaces,unit of the furnace, but not less than thirty (30) inches heaters and room heaters shall comply with the (762 mm),shall be provided along the entire front or general requirements of Chapter 3 of this code, in firebox side of every warm-air furnace when the addition to the requirements of Parts I and II of this door of the furnace enclosure is open. chapter. Heating system air filters, fuel-control valves, vent collars, air-handling units and externally mounted controls shall be accessible for maintenance, Part I—Warm-Air Heating Systems repair and replacement. Access space shall be as specified for cooling equipment in Section 1106.3. 902.0 General A room or space containing a fuel-burning warm-air 904.0 Prohibited Installations furnace shall be provided with combustion air as Warm-air furnaces shall not be installed: specified in Chapter 7. 904.1 In a closet or alcove less than twelve (12) Fuel-burning warm-air furnaces shall be vented inches (305 mm) wider than the furnace or furnaces as specified in Chapter 8. installed therein with a minimum clear working Air ducts and plenums which are a portion of a space less than three (3) inches (76 mm) along the heating system shall comply with Chapter 6. sides,back and top of the furnace. Heating systems shall be installed so as to Exception: Replacement forced-air furnaces or minimize the probability of damage from an external air-conditioning cooling coils may be installed source. in an existing closet or alcove with lesser width and depth when approved by the Administrative Authority and provided that 903.0 Access such width and depth is in compliance with A furnace room shall have an opening or door and conditions of listing. Combustion air openings passageway thereto not less than two (2) feet (610 at the rear or side of the closet shall meet the mm)in width and large enough to permit removal of requirements of Chapter 7. the largest furnace in such room. The furnace shall 904.2 In a hazardous location. be installed so as to permit removal without disturbing piping, conduits, appurtenant valves and In a surgical operating room or medical treat junction boxes. treatment room. Exceptions: 904.4 In an occupancy, unless separated by fire-resistive construction from the rest of the 1. When the furnace room is large enough to building as required by the special hazards section of permit dismantling the furnace within the room, the Building Code. the access opening and passageway need be large 904.5 In a room used or designed to be used as a enough only to permit removal of the largest piece bedroom,bathroom, closet or in any enclosed space of furnace. This exception shall not be construed with access only through such room or space. to waive the requirements of a minimum door and passageway of two(2)feet(610 mm). Exception: Direct vent furnaces, enclosed furnaces and electric heating furnaces. Access to 2. Access to warm-air furnaces installed in under-floor spaces shall comply with Section furnaces located in an attic or under-floor crawl 909.2. space may be through a closet. 3. Access to warm-air furnaces installed in an 904.6 Outside of a building unless listed for exterior attic or furred space shall comply with Section installation or enclosed in a weatherproof housing 908.0. complying with Section 910.0. 4. Access to warm-air furnaces installed on a 904.7 With clearance along the combustion chamber opening side of less than six (6) inches (152 mm) or roof or on an outside wall structure shall comply working space along the entire front or firebox side with Section 910.0. less than specified in Section 903.0. 75 905.0—906.6 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 905.0 Installation indicated by the conditions of listing of the furnace. A furnace shall not be installed on the discharge side The minimum unobstructed total area of the of a refrigerant evaporator or other air-cooling coil outside or return-air ducts or openings to a heat pump unless the furnace is specifically listed for such use. shall be not less than six (6) square inches (3871 mm') A furnace shall not be installed on the discharge side per 1000 Btu/h (293 W) nominal output rating or as of an evaporative cooler unless the heat exchanger is indicated by the conditions of listing of the heat pump. of approved corrosion-resistant material. Exceptions: Complete duct systems for blower- A refrigerant evaporator or other air-cooling coil type warm-air furnaces or heat pumps that are may be installed in the air-discharge duct of a sized in accordance with Chapter 16, Part II heating furnace if the furnace is listed for use with an Referenced Standards or by other approved air-cooling coil or is listed for operation at least 0.5 methods. inch water column (124 Pa) static pressure and 906.4 Dampers. Volume dampers shall not be conforms with Chapter 11 of this code. Conversion placed in the air inlet to a furnace in a manner which of existing furnaces for use with cooling coils is will reduce the required air to the furnace. permissible if authorized by the manufacturer and 906.5 Ducts for Blower-Type Warm-Air Furnace. approved by the Administrative Authority. Except as provided in Section 906.6, air for every A furnace supported from the ground shall rest fuel-burning blower-type warm-air furnace shall be on a concrete slab extending not less than three (3) conducted into the blower housing from outside the inches(76 mm)above the adjoining ground level. furnace space by continuous airtight ducts. 906.6 Prohibited Sources.Outside or return air for 906.0 Return and Outside Air a heating system shall not be taken from the 906.1 Source. A warm-air furnace shall be following locations: provided with return air, outside air, or both. 906.6.1 Closer than ten (10) feet (3048 mm) Heating systems regulated by this code and from an appliance vent outlet, a vent opening of designed to replace required ventilation shall be a plumbing drainage system or the discharge arranged to discharge into the conditioned space not outlet of an exhaust fan,unless the outlet is three less than the amount of outside air specified in the (3)feet(914 mm)above the outside-air inlet. Building Code. 906.6.2 Where it will pick up objectionable 906.2 Separation. Except as permitted by the odors,fumes or flammable vapors;or where it is exceptions to Section 906.6, there shall be a positive less than ten (10) feet (3048 mm) above the separation between combustion air and outside or surface of any abutting public way or driveway; return air for blower-type heating systems. The or where it is in a horizontal position in a combustion-chamber opening shall be separated sidewalk,street,alley or driveway. from a fan plenum by an airtight separation without 906.6.3 A hazardous or insanitary location or a openings therein, except through an air lock at least 16 square feet (1.49 mZ) in area, equipped with refrigeration machinery room as defined in this code. tight-fitting doors arranged to close automatically. A fan plenum access not exceeding twenty-four(24)by 906.6.4 From an area, the volume of which is thirty (30) inches (610 mm x 762 mm) may be less than 25 percent of the entire volume served equipped with a tight-fitting panel or door. by such system, unless there is a permanent 906.3 Area Requirements. The minimum opening to an area the volume of which is equal unobstructed total area of the outside or return-air ducts to 25 percent of the entire volume served. This or openings to a gravity-type warm-air furnace shall be permanent opening, when used to provide not less than seven (7) square inches (4516 mm') per return air to a warm-air furnace, shall be of 1000 Btu/h (293 W) approved output rating or as sufficient area to comply with Section 906.3. indicated by the conditions of listing of the furnace. Exception: Such opening when used for a The minimum unobstructed total area of the warm-air furnace in a dwelling unit may be outside or return-air ducts or openings to a reduced to no less than 50 percent of the blower-type warm-air furnace shall be not less than required area, provided the balance of the two (2) square inches (1290 mm') per 1000 Btu/h required return air is taken from a room or (293 W) approved output rating or bonnet capacity hall having at least three doors leading to of the furnace. other rooms served by the furnace. The total area of the outside or return-air ducts 906.6.5 From a room or space having any or openings need not be larger than the minimum fuel-burning appliances therein. 76 SPECIAL FUEL-BURNING AND ENERGY-UTILIZING EQUIPMENT 906.6-908.0 Exception:This shall not apply to: The minimum unobstructed total area of the 1. Fireplaces, fireplace appliances, supply-air ducts from a heat pump shall be not less residential cooking appliances, direct vent than six (6)square inches(3871 mm')per 1000 Btu/h appliances, enclosed furnaces and (293 W)nominal output rating or as indicated by the domestic-type clothes dryers installed conditions of the listing of the heat pump. within the room or space. Exceptions: Complete duct systems for blower- 2. A gravity-type or listed vented wall type warm-air furnaces or heat pumps that are furnace. sized in accordance with Chapter 16, Part II 3. A blower-type system complying with Referenced Standards or other approved the following requirements: methods. Where the return air is taken from a 907.2 Surgical Operating Room.Warm-air furnace room or space having a volume duct openings serving a surgical operating room shall exceeding one (1) cubic foot (0.028 m3) be at least five(5)feet(1524 mm)above the floor. for each ten (10) Btu/h (2.93 W) fuel input rate of all fuel-burning appliances therein. 908.0 Attic Furnaces(Upright and Horizontal) At least 75 percent of the supply air Upright furnaces may be installed in an attic or is discharged back into the same room furred space more than five (5) feet (1524 mm) in or space. height, provided the required listings and furnace Return-air inlet shall not be located and duct clearances are observed. Horizontal within ten (10) feet (3048 mm) of any furnaces may be installed in an attic or furred space appliance firebox or draft diverter in the provided the required listings and furnace and duct same enclosed room or confined space. clearances are observed. 906.6.6 A closet, bathroom, toilet room or Clearances of a warm-air attic furnace from kitchen. combustibles shall be as specified in Section 304.1. An attic or furred space in which a warm-air 906.7 Screen. Required outside-air inlets shall be furnace is installed shall be accessible by an opening covered with screen having 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) and passageway as large as the largest piece of the openings. furnace and in no case less than thirty (30) inches by Exception: An outside-air inlet serving a thirty (30) inches (762 mm x 762 mm) continuous nonresidential portion of a building may be from the opening to the furnace and its controls. covered with a screen having openings larger Exception:The access opening into the space may than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm), but in no case larger be twenty-two (22) inches by thirty (30) inches than one(1)inch(25.4 mm). (559 mm x 762 mm),provided the largest piece of 906.8 Return-Air Limitation. Return air from one equipment can be removed through the opening. dwelling unit shall not be discharged into another The distance from the passageway access to dwelling unit through the heating system. furnace shall not exceed twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) measured along the center line of the passageway. 907.0 Air Supply The passageway shall be unobstructed and shall 907.1 Duct Size. The minimum unobstructed total have continuous solid flooring not less than twenty- area of the supply-air ducts from a blower-type four (24) inches (610 mm) wide from the entrance warm-air furnace shall be not less than two (2) opening to the furnace. square inches (1290 mm') per 1000 Btu/h (293 W) A level working platform not less than thirty(30) approved output rating of the furnace, and the inches(762 mm)in depth and width shall be provided minimum unobstructed total area of the supply-air in front of the entire firebox side of the warm-air ducts from a gravity-type warm-air furnace shall be furnace, and if the furnace temperature-limit control, not less than seven (7) square inches (4516 mm') per air filter,fuel-control valve,vent collar or air-handling 1000 Btu/h (293 W) approved output rating or as unit is not serviceable from the firebox side of the specified by the conditions of listing of the furnace. furnace, a continuous floor not less than twenty-four The total area of the supply-air ducts need not (24)inches (610 mm) in width shall be provided from exceed the area of the furnace outlet plenum collar. the platform in front of the firebox side of the furnace to and in front of this equipment. For the purpose of this section, a volume Exception: A working platform need not be damper, grille or register installed to control airflow provided when the furnace can be serviced from shall not be considered an obstruction. the required access opening. 77 908.0—910.7 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE A permanent electric outlet and lighting fixture 910.2 Weather Protection. Unless listed or controlled by a switch located at the required designed for outside installation, a furnace on the passageway opening shall be provided at or near the roof of a building shall be enclosed in a penthouse furnace. complying with the requirements of the Building Code for roof structures or shall be completely 909.0 Warm-Air Furnaces Located in Under-Floor enclosed in a weatherproof housing. The housing, Spaces when constructed of metal, shall be of galvanized steel not less than 0.024 inch (0.61 mm) (No. 24 U.S. A warm-air furnace installed in the under-floor area Standard gage) or of aluminum not less than No. 22 of a building shall comply with the following B.&S. gage supported on a substantial metal frame. requirements: The housing shall be not larger than necessary to 909.1 Clearance from combustibles shall be as properly cover and provide a minimum six (6) inch specified in Section 304.1. (152 mm) clearance around the appliance or 909.2 An access opening and passageway of a height appliances enclosed therein, including all controls and width sufficient to permit removal of the furnace, and draft diverters. but in no case less than thirty (30) inches by thirty 910.3 Ventilation. An enclosure or penthouse shall (30) inches (762 mm x 762 mm), shall be provided to be provided with openings complying with the the working space in front of the furnace. The access requirements of Chapter 7, together with means for opening to the passageway shall be through an proper ventilation of the furnace draft hood relief opening in an exterior wall of the building or through openings. a trap door within the building. The distance from 910.4 Clearance. Clearance of the furnace from the passageway access to the center line of the combustible construction shall be as specified in working space in front of the furnace burner shall not Section 304.1. exceed twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) measured along 910.5 Platform. A furnace located on a roof shall be the center line of the passageway. installed on a substantial level platform.When the roof 909.3 A furnace supported from the ground shall has a slope greater than four(4) in twelve(12),a level rest on a concrete slab extending not less than three working platform at least thirty (30) inches (762 mm) (3)inches(76 mm)above the adjoining ground level. in depth and width shall be provided along the firebox 909.4 The lowest portion of a suspended furnace and control sides of the furnace. Sides of a working shall have a clearance of at least six (6) inches (152 platform facing the roof edge below shall be protected mm) from the ground. Excavation necessary to by a substantial railing forty-two (42) inches (1067 install a furnace shall extend to a depth of six (6) mm) in height with vertical rails not more than inches (152mm) below and twelve (12) inches (305 twenty-one (21) inches (533 mm) apart, except that mm) on all sides of the furnace, except the control parapets at least twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm) in side, which shall have thirty (30) inches (762 mm). If height may be utilized in lieu of rails or guards. the depth of the excavation for either furnace or 910.6 Catwalk. On roofs having slopes greater than passageway exceeds twelve (12) inches (305 mm), four(4) in twelve (12), a catwalk at least twenty-four walls of the excavation shall be lined with concrete (24) inches (610 mm) in width with substantial cleats or masonry extending four (4) inches (102 mm) spaced not more than sixteen (16) inches (406 mm) above the adjoining ground level. In floodplain areas apart shall be provided from the roof access to the the entire crawl space grade or height shall provide working platform at the appliance. twelve (12) inch (305 mm) clearance between the 910.7 Roof Access Scuttle. Required working bottom of the furnace and the ground. platforms,railings and catwalks may be omitted when 909.5 A permanent electric outlet and lighting fixture access to the equipment is through a required roof controlled by a switch located at the passageway scuttle and all of the following provisions are met: opening shall be provided at or near the furnace. 910.7.1 The required scuttle is located immediately adjacent to the control side of the 910.0 Furnaces Installed on Roofs or Exterior equipment unit. Walls of Buildings 910.7.2 Controls, filters, burners, fans and 910.1 General. A roof or exterior building wall motors are accessible for service and repair supporting a furnace shall comply with the Within two (2) feet (610 mm) of the edge of the equipment platform on the scuttle side. requirements for roof and wall structures specified 910.7.3 The equipment platform is not more in the Building Code, and the equipment shall be listed or approved for such use. than twenty(20)inches(508 mm)above the high side of the scuttle opening. 78 SPECIAL FUEL-BURNING AND ENERGY-UTILIZING EQUIPMENT 910.7—912.1 910.7.4 A substantial working platform not less wall furnaces,unit heaters and room heaters shall be than thirty (30) inches (762 mm) in depth and of a type listed for vented use and shall be connected width shall be provided directly below the scuttle to a vent complying with Chapter 8, except as at a point not less than thirty(30)inches(762 mm) provided in Section 916.0. or more than thirty-two (32) inches (813 mm) Vented decorative appliances, floor furnaces, below the high side of the scuttle opening. vented wall furnaces, unit heaters and room heaters 910.7.5 Scuttles located on other than the roof shall be provided with combustion air complying incline side of the equipment unit shall have the with Chapter 7. hatch hinged on the low side of the scuttle. A vented decorative appliance, floor furnace, Hatches shall be equipped with means to ensure vented wall furnace,unit heater or room heater shall an opening angle of not less than 90 degrees not be located in the following places: (1.57 rad) nor more than 100 degrees (1.75 rad) from the closed position.Hatches and hardware, 911.1 Ina surgical operating room. when open, shall be capable of withstanding a 911.2 In a hazardous location. 300 pound (1334 N) lateral force from the roof 911.3 In a Group H,Division 1,2 or 3 Occupancy. incline side. 910.7.6 Access to scuttles shall comply with rohi In a room or space where an open flame is p Section 908.0. prohibited. 910.8 Access. Every furnace installed in or on an 911.5 In Group H, Division 4 Occupancies, devices exterior wall of a building,which is designed so that generating a spark or glow capable of igniting the burners or controls must be serviced from gasoline vapors shall not be installed or used within outside the building,shall be readily accessible. eighteen(18)inches(457 mm)of the floor. Furnaces located on the roof of a building shall 911.6 In a Group H,Division 5 Occupancy and Group be readily accessible. S, Division 5 Occupancy, unless the appliance is Exceptions: located at least eight(8)feet(2438 mm)above the floor. 1. Permanent exterior ladders providing roof Overhead heaters installed in aircraft storage or access need not extend closer than eight (8) feet servicing areas of Group S, Division 5 Occupancies (2438 mm)to the finish grade. shall be at least ten (10) feet (3048 mm) above the upper surface of wings or engine enclosures of the 2. A portable ladder may be used for access for tallest aircraft which may be housed in the hangar. furnaces on the single-story portion of a Group Overhead heaters shall be at least eight(8) feet(2438 R or U Occupancy. mm) above the floor of shops, offices and other 3. Permanent ladders for equipment access sections of hangars communicating with aircraft need not be provided at parapets or walls less storage or working areas. than thirty(30)inches(762 mm)in height. Vented decorative appliances, floor furnaces, Permanent ladders providing roof access shall: vented wall furnaces, unit heaters and room heaters 910.8.1 Have side railings which extend at least shall be installed so as to minimize the probability of thirty (30) inches (762 mm) above the roof edge damage from an external source. or parapet wall. 910.8.2 Have landings less than eighteen (18) 912.0 Vented Decorative Appliances feet(5486 mm)apart measured from the finished grade. In addition to the general requirements specified in 910.8.3 Be at least fourteen (14) inches (356 Section 911.0, vented decorative appliances shall mm)in width. comply with the requirements of this code specified 910.8.4 Have rungs not more than fourteen(14) for heating equipment and heating appliances. inches(356 mm)on center. 912.1 Approved Gas Logs. Approved gas logs 910.8.5 Have a minimum of six (6) inch (152 may be installed in solid-fuel-burning fireplaces, mm)toe space. provided: 912.1.1 The gas log is installed in accordance Part II —Vented Decorative Appliances, Floor with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Furnaces, Vented Wall Furnaces, Unit 912.1.2 If the fireplace is equipped with a Heaters and Room Heaters damper,it shall be permanently blocked open to a sufficient amount to prevent spillage of 911.0 General combustion products into the room. Vented decorative appliances, floor furnaces,vented 79 912.1 —915.1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 912.1.3 The minimum flue passageway shall be Excavations required by this subsection shall not less than 1 square inch per 2000 Btu/h(1.09 slope outward from the perimeter of the base of the mmz/W)input. excavation to the natural grade under that portion of 912.1.4 When equipped with a pilot, gas logs the building at an angle not exceeding forty-five shall have a listed safety shutoff valve. degrees(45°)(0.79 rad)from horizontal. Floor furnaces shall not be installed on a 913.0 Floor Furnaces concrete slab on grade. 913.1 Placement. In installations utilizing flat floor furnaces, at least six (6) inches (152 mm) clearance 914.0 Vented Wall Furnaces from wall surfaces shall be maintained. Flat floor 914.1 Location. Vented wall furnaces designed to furnaces shall be located so as to provide at least be installed in a nominal four(4) inch(102 mm)wall twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm.) clear space on two shall be not less than six(6) inches (152 mm)from an adjoining sides of the installation. Wall-register-type inside room corner unless listed for lesser clearances. floor furnaces shall be located at least six (6) inches (152 mm)from inside wall corners. Exception: Replacement of vented wall furnaces Exception: Replacement floor furnaces of the of the same or lesser Btu/h(W)input rating may be installed in the same location as the replaced same or lesser Btu/h (W) input rating may be installed in the same location as the replaced furnace if it does not create an unsafe condition. furnace when such replacement does not create Vented wall furnaces shall be located so that a an unsafe condition. door cannot swing within twelve(12)inches(305 mm) Doors shall be located so that no part swings of an air inlet or air outlet of such furnace measured at within twelve (12) inches (305 mm) of the grille right angles to the opening. Doorstops or door closers openings of a floor furnace. Door stops and door shall not be installed to obtain this clearance. closers shall not be relied upon to provide the Except when specifically approved, vented wall required separation. Projections extending over floor furnaces shall be installed at least eighteen (18) furnaces shall be located at least five (5) feet (1524 inches (457 mm) below any structural projection. mm)vertically above the warm-air grille. This requirement includes doors and windows Neither flat nor wall-register-type floor furnaces Which could project over the furnace. shall be located in the floor or wall of an aisle,foyer, 914.2 Combustion Air. Vented wall furnaces shall corridor or exit other than in a dwelling unit. be provided with combustion air complying with Floor furnace locations shall be selected so that Chapter 7. the burner assembly projects into unoccupied Exception: The required combustion air under-floor space. openings may be omitted to an area in which a 913.2 Access. An opening and passageway not less vented wall furnace is installed, provided there than twenty-four (24) inches by eighteen (18) inches is a permanent cased opening or archway (610 mm x 457 mm) shall be provided to floor through which a person may walk, opening into furnaces.Passageways shall be not more than twenty other rooms having a combined volume of fifty (20) feet (6096 mm) in length from the required (50) cubic feet (1.42 ml) per 1000 Btu/h (293 W) access opening or from an under floor area having at input rating of such furnace. least thirty(30)inches(762 mm)height. 914.3 Limitations. Ducts shall not be attached to 913.3 Installation. Floor furnaces shall be wall furnaces. Casing extensions or boots may be supported independently of the furnace floor grille. installed,if listed as part of the appliance. Floor furnaces shall be not closer than six (6) inches(152 mm.)to the ground. 915.0 Unit Heaters Exception:Where the lower six (6)inch(15 mm) 915.1 Suspended-Type Unit Heaters. Suspended- portion of such furnace is sealed by the type unit heaters shall be installed as follows: manufacturer to prevent entrance of water,such 915.1.1 Safely and securely supported with clearance may be reduced to two (2) inches (51 hangers and brackets of noncombustible mm). material. When it is necessary to excavate to install a floor 915.1.2 With clearances from combustible furnace,the excavation shall extend thirty(30)inches material of at least eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) (762 mm)beyond the control side of the floor furnace at the sides, twelve (12) inches (305 mm.) at the and twelve (12) inches (305 mm) beyond the bottom,six(6)inches(152 mm)above the top and remaining sides and the back. 80 SPECIAL FUEL-BURNING AND ENERGY-UTILIZING EQUIPMENT 915.1 —916.4 eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) beyond the front 916.2 Vented Overhead. Vented overhead room and rear of the heater, except as provided in heaters shall be safely and securely supported with Sections 915.3 and 915.4. hangers and brackets of noncombustible material 915.2 Floor-Mounted-Type Unit Heaters. Floor- and shall be installed with clearances from mounted-type unit heaters shall be installed as follows: combustible material as specified on the required 915.2.1 With clearances from combustible manufacturer's label. material as set forth in Table 3-1, except as Exception: Installation of overhead heaters in provided in Sections 915.3 and 915.4. aircraft storage or servicing areas of Group S, 915.2.2 On combustible floors if listed for such Division 5 Occupancies shall comply with installation. requirements of Section 911.0. 915.3 Unit Heaters Listed for Reduced 916.3 Unvented. Unvented fuel-burning room Clearances. Unit heaters listed for reduced heaters shall not be installed, used, maintained or clearances may be installed at the clearances permitted to exist in a Group I or R Occupancy, nor indicated on the required manufacturer's label. shall an unvented heater be installed in any building, 915.4 Unit Heaters Listed for Greater Clearances. whether as a new or as a replacement installation, Unit heaters listed for a greater clearance shall be unless permitted by this section. This subsection installed to conform with the terms of listing and the shall not apply to portable oil-fired unvented heating manufacturer's installation instructions. appliances used as supplemental heating in Group S, 915.5 High-Static Pressure-Type Unit Heaters. Divisions 3, 4 and 5 and Group U Occupancies, and regulated by the Fire Code. High-static pressure-type unit heaters with provisions for duct connections may be connected to 916.4 Overhead Radiant Heaters. Listed or ducts,provided: approved unvented overhead room heaters may be installed in Group A,Division 2,2.1,3 or 4;Group B, 915.5.1 The air inlets and air outlets are located Group H, Division 4; Group H, Division 5,or Group in the same space as the unit heater. U Occupancy, provided the installation conforms to 915.5.2 Ducts and plenums shall conform with all of the following requirements: the requirements as specified in Chapter 6 of this code. 916.4.1 All portions of the heater are located at 915.E Unit Heaters Installed in Group g least eight(8)feet(2438 mm)above the floor. Occupancies. Unit heaters installed in Group S, 916.4.2 At least two(2)unobstructed permanent Division 3,4 or 5 Occupancies shall obtain return air openings are provided to the room or space more than four(4)feet(1219 mm)above the floor. containing such heaters. These openings shall open directly to the outside of the building 916.0 Room Heaters through the floor, roof or wall. The minimum combined total area of these openings shall be at 916.1 Vented Freestanding. Vented freestanding least one (1) square inch(645 mm?) for each 1000 room heaters shall be installed with clearances from Btu/h (293 W) input of the heater or heaters, combustible material as set forth in Table 3-1. with a minimum total area of 100 square inches Exception: Heaters listed for reduced clearances (64516 mm'). One half of the required openings may be installed at the clearances specified on shall be above the heater or heaters and one half the required manufacturer's label. shall be located below the heater or heaters. Vented freestanding room heaters shall not be Exception: When approved by the located so that a door can swing within less than Administrative Authority, provisions may twelve (12) inches (305 mm) of a warm-air outlet of be made to exhaust the products of the heater, measured at right angles to the outlet. combustion to the exterior by mechanical Doorstops or door closers shall not be installed to means. obtain such clearance. 916.4.3 Heaters shall be safely and securely Vented freestanding room heaters shall be supported with hangers and brackets of located at least thirty-six (36) inches (914 mm)below noncombustible material and installed with any part of a structure projecting over the heater. clearances from combustible material as This projection shall include doors or windows that specified on the required manufacturer's label. could project over the heater. Vented freestanding room heaters shall be safely and securely installed to prevent accidental displacement. 81 917.0—919.6 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Part III—Miscellaneous Heat-Producing Appliances may be installed in commercial and industrial occupancies for heating incoming outside air for the 917.0 Ranges purpose of replacing air exhausted from the space. 917.1 Vertical Clearance above Cooking Top. Direct gas-fired industrial air heaters may be installed in commercial and industrial occupancies to Domestic freestanding or built-in ranges shall have a offset building heat loss. Such equipment may be vertical clearance above the cooking top of not less used to provide fresh air ventilation. Such than thirty (30) inches (762 mm) to unprotected combustible material. When the underside of such all h s equipment not supply an occupancy containing in shah combustible material is protected with insulating sleeping quarters. millboard at least 1/4 inch thick (6.4 mm) covered 919.2 Relief Openings. The design of the with 0.021 inch-thick (0.53 mm) (No.28 U.S.gage) or installation shall include adequate provision to a metal ventilating hood, the distance shall be not permit the equipment to operate at rated capacity by less than twenty-four(24)inches(610 mm).For ducts taking into account the structures designed serving domestic range hoods,see Section 504.2. infiltration rate, providing properly designed relief 917.2 Horizontal Clearance of Built-In Top openings, or an interlocked power exhaust system, Cooking Units. The minimum horizontal distance or a combination of these methods. from the center of the burner heads of a top (or Relief openings may be louvers or surface)cooking unit to adjacent vertical combustible counterbalanced gravity dampers or, if motorized surfaces extending immediately above the counter dampers, shall be interlocked so as not to permit top shall be at least the distance specified by the equipment blower and main burner operation until permanent marking on the unit. they are proved in the open position. 917.3 Installation of Listed Microwave Oven Over 919.3 Approval. Each appliance shall be approved a Listed Cooking Top. The installation of a listed by the Administrative Authority for safe use or cooking top shall conform to the conditions of comply with applicable nationally recognized listing. Clearances of listed appliances from standards as determined by an approved testing combustible materials shall be as specified on the agency. label. The maximum heat source from the cooking 919.4 Air. All air handled by direct gas-fired top shall be specified on the label of the appliance in makeup air heaters, including combustion air, shall Btus or kilowatts. be brought in from outside. Air to a direct gas-fired industrial air heater shall 918.0 Open-Top Broiler Units be taken from the building, ducted directly from Listed open-top broiler units and hoods shall be outdoors,or a combination of both. installed in accordance with their listing and the Unless the industrial air heater incorporates a manufacturer's installation instructions. means to supply ventilation air, outside ventilation air An exhaust duct and fan having a minimum shall be provided to supply at least four (4) cubic feet capacity of 100 cfm per square foot (508 L/s/m') of per minute per 1000 Btu/h (6.443 L/s/kW) of rated hood intake area shall be installed for a barbecue input. If a separate mechanical means is used, an unit and, when the duct penetrates a ceiling or a interlock shall be provided so as not to permit main floor, it shall be enclosed in a fire-resistive shaft burner operation until the mechanical means is proved. covered on one side as required for a one-hour fire- Recirculation of room air with an industrial air resistive construction with no combustible material heater may be hazardous in the presence of used inside the fire protection. The shaft shall be flammable solids, liquids and gases; explosive separated from the duct by a minimum one (1) inch materials (e.g., grain dust, coal dust, gun powder); (25.4 mm)air space vented to the outside air,and the and substances that may become toxic when exposed duct shall terminate not less than eighteen (18) to heat (e.g., refrigerants, aerosols). Recirculation is inches (457 mm) above the roof surface. A minimum not recommended in uninsulated buildings where clearance of twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm) shall the outside temperature falls below 32°F(0°C). be maintained between the cooking top and the 919.5 Plans. The installer shall submit plans combustible material and the hood shall be as wide showing the proposed installation, indicating the as the open-top broiler and be centered over the unit. location of the heater and such accessories as may be required to ensure the proper and safe performance 919.0 Direct Gas-Fired Makeup Air Heaters and of its function. Industrial Air Heaters 919.6 Filters. All air passing through or over the 919.1 General. Direct gas-fired makeup air heaters burners shall be outside air and screened or filtered 82 SPECIAL FUEL-BURNING AND ENERGY-UTILIZING EQUIPMENT 919.6-922.0 to prevent leaves,papers or other objects from being Exception: Electric kilns installed with listed picked up from the outside, ignited and discharged exhaust blowers may be used when marked into the heated space. as being suitable for the kiln and installed in 919.7 Clearance. Such equipment shall be installed accordance with manufacturer's instructions. so as not to raise the temperature of surrounding 920.5.3 Gravity Ventilation Ducts. Each hood combustible material more than 90°F (32'C) above shall be connected to a gravity ventilation duct ambient. extending in a vertical direction to outside the building. This duct shall be of the same 920.0 Small Ceramic Kilns construction as the hood and shall have a 920.1 General. The provisions of this section apply minimum cross-sectional area of not less than one to kilns used for ceramics that have a maximum fifteenth of the face opening area of the hood.The interior volume of twenty (20) cubic feet (0.566 ml) duct shall terminate a minimum of twelve (12) and are used for hobby or noncommercial purposes. inches (305 mm) above any portion of a building within four (4) feet (1219 mm.) and terminate no 920.2 Installation. Kilns shall be installed in less than four (4) feet (1219 mm) from any accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and openable windows or other openings into the the provisions of this code. building or adjacent property line. The duct 920.3 Fuel-Gas Controls. Fuel-gas controls shall opening to the outside shall be shielded,without comply with Sections 303.0 and 306.0. Standing reduction of duct area,to prevent entrance of rain pilots shall not be used with gas-fired kilns. into the duct.The duct shall be supported at each 920.4 Electrical Equipment. All electrical section by noncombustible supports. equipment used as part of,or in connection with,the 920.5.4 Makeup Air. Provisions shall be made installation of a kiln shall comply with the for air to enter the room in which a kiln is requirements set forth in the Electrical Code. installed at a rate at least equal to the air being 920.5 Installations Inside Buildings.In addition to removed through the kiln hood. other requirements specified in this section, interior 920.5.5 Hood and Duct Clearances.Every hood installation shall meet the following requirements: and duct serving a fuel-burning kiln shall have a 920.5.1 Kiln Clearances.The sides and tops of clearance from combustible construction of at least kilns shall be located a minimum of eighteen eighteen(18)inches(457 mm).This clearance may (18) inches (457 mm) from any noncombustible be reduced in accordance with Table 3-2. wall surface and three (3) feet (914 mm) from 920.6 Exterior Installations.Kilns shall be installed any combustible wall surface. Kilns shall be with minimum clearances as specified in Section installed on noncombustible flooring consisting 920.5.1. Wherever a kiln is located under a roofed of at least two (2) inches (51 mm) of solid area and is partially enclosed by more than two masonry or concrete extending at least twelve vertical wall surfaces,a hood and gravity ventilation (12) inches (305 mm) beyond the base or duct shall be installed to comply with Sections supporting members of the kiln. 920.5.2,920.5.3 and 920.5.5. Exception: These clearances may be reduced, provided the kiln is installed in part IV—Incinerators accordance with its listing or to acceptable conclusions of testing reports submitted to the Administrative Authority. 921.0 General In no case shall the clearance on the gas or Incinerators for the reduction of refuse, garbage or electrical control side of a kiln be reduced to less other waste materials shall be installed in accordance than thirty(30)inches(762 mm). with the provisions of this chapter. Materials and 920.5.2 Hoods. A canopy-type hood shall be structural design shall meet the requirements of the installed directly above each kiln. The face Building Code. opening area of the hood shall be equal to or greater than the top horizontal surface area of 922.0 Small Domestic Type the kiln. The hood shall be constructed of not less than 0.024 inch(0.61 mm) (No. 24 U.S. gage) Incinerators of small uninsulated domestic type galvanized steel or equivalent and be supported installed indoors shall be constructed, mounted, at a height of between twelve (12) inches (305 installed and vented according to the applicable mm) and thirty (30) inches (76 mm) above the requirements for room heating stoves burning solid kiln by noncombustible supports. fuel and room heaters burning liquid fuel as specified 83 922.0—924.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE in Chapters 3, 7, 8 and 9 of this code, except that that the openings are closed off while the hopper is mounting shall be on a noncombustible and fire- being charged and no part will project into the chute resistive floor, and minimum clearances to or flue. The area of the service opening shall not combustible materials shall be thirty-six (36) inches exceed one third of the area of the chute or flue. (914 mm) above, forty-eight (48) inches (1219 mm) in front and thirty-six (36) inches (914 mm) in back and 924.0 Commercial and Industrial Types at sides.The requirements of this section also apply to incinerators installed as a part of other appliances. Commercial- and industrial-type incinerators Incinerators of small domestic type,or those that designed to burn not more than 250 pounds (113.4 are a part of another appliance, which have been kg) of refuse per hour and having a horizontal grate tested and approved by an approved agency and area not exceeding nine (9) square feet(0.84 m2)shall listed for installation on a combustible floor or with have enclosing walls of the combustion chamber lesser clearances shall be installed in accordance with constructed of clay or shale brick not less than eight (8) inches (203 mm) thick, with a lining of firebrick the conditions of their listing and shall be connected not less than four (4) inches (102 mm) thick, to a chimney complying with the requirements of provided that the outer four (4) inches (102 mm) of Chapter 8. clay or shale brickwork may be replaced by a steel Exception: Existing unlined chimneys having at plate casing not less than 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in least four (4) inch (102 mm) nominal brick walls thickness. may be used for the venting of domestic gas- Commercial and industrial types of incinerators fired freestanding incinerators when such of a size designed to burn more than 250 pounds chimneys meet the other requirements of this (113.4 kg) of refuse per hour and having a grate area chapter and have been approved and inspected exceeding nine (9) square feet (0.84 mZ) shall have by the Administrative Authority. enclosing walls of the combustion chamber Outdoor incinerators of small domestic type and constructed of clay or shale brick not less than eight their locations shall be approved. (8) inches (203 mm) thick with a lining of firebrick not less than eight (8) inches (203 mm) thick, 923.0 Incinerators Using the Flue as a Refuse provided that the outer four (4) inches (102 mm) of Chute clay or shale brickwork may be replaced by a steel plate casing not less than 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in Incinerators in which no fuel other than normal thickness. refuse, except a gas flame or similar means to Incinerators with their waste material bins or accomplish ignition, is used for combustion, and in which the chute and smoke flue are identical, shall containers shall be located in a room or compartment have the enclosing walls of the combustion chamber used for no other purpose, or in a room devoted constructed of clay or shale brickwork not less than exclusively to boilers and heating plant. In either four (4) inches (102 mm) thick when there is a case, such room shall be separated from the rest of the building by a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy horizontal grate area of not more than nine (9) square feet(0.84 m2)and not less than eight(8)inches separation. (203 mm) thick when there is a horizontal grate area The flue connections or breechings from the exceeding nine (9) square feet (0.84 mZ) and, in each combustion chamber shall be constructed of 0.055 case,a lining of firebrick not less than four (4) inches inch-thick (1.4 mm) (No. 16 U.S. gage) steel when (102 mm) thick, with an air space, in the case of the they do not exceed twelve (12) inches (305 mm) in thicker wall,between the clay or shale brick and the diameter or greater dimension and of 0.097 nch-thick firebrick sufficient to provide for expansion and (2.46 mm) (No. 12 U.S. gage) steel when they exceed contraction. twelve (12) inches (305 mm) in diameter or the greatest dimension. In addition, they shall be lined The combined chute and flue shall be with firebrick laid in fireclay mortar not less than 2- constructed as required for incinerator chimneys in 1/2 inches (64 mm) thick when they are between the Building Code. The chute and flue shall be twelve (12) inches (305 mm) and eighteen(18) inches constructed straight and plumb,and finished smooth (457 mm) in diameter or greatest dimension,and not on the inside. All flues shall terminate in a less than 4-1/2 inches (114 mm) thick when they are substantially constructed spark arrester having a larger. If they lead into and combine with flue mesh not exceeding 1/2 inch(12.7 mm). connections or breechings from other appliances, Firebrick shall be laid in fireclay mortar. such other connections or breechings shall also be Service openings into the chute shall be equipped lined as required for direct flue connections, unless with approved self-closing hoppers so constructed the cross-sectional area of the connection into which 84 SPECIAL FUEL-BURNING AND ENERGY-UTILIZING EQUIPMENT 924.0—925.0 they lead is at least four times the area of the incinerator connection. The clearance to woodwork or other combustible material or construction on all sides of flue connections or breechings shall be not less than thirty-six (36) inches (914 mm), provided that clearances may be reduced as set forth in Table 3-2. Refuse chutes shall not feed directly to the combustion chamber,but shall discharge into a room or bin enclosed and separated from the incinerator room by floors, ceilings and walls of not less than two-hour fire-resistive construction. The opening through which material is transferred from such room or bin to the incinerator room shall be equipped with a fire assembly having a three-hour fire-resistive rating. Refuse chutes shall rest on substantial noncombustible foundations. The enclosing walls of such chutes shall consist of clay or shale brickwork not less than eight (8) inches (203 mm) thick or of reinforced concrete not less than six (6) inches (152 mm) thick. Such chutes shall extend at least four (4) feet(1219 mm)above the roof and shall be covered by a metal skylight glazed with single thick plain glass. Service openings for chutes shall be located, constructed and protected as required by the Building Code. Refuse chutes require automatic sprinkler systems for protection. 925.0 Other Types Incinerators of types other than those regulated above shall be constructed and installed in accordance with the requirements of the Building Code, except that special large-capacity incinerators and refuse burners used in connection with sawmills and woodworking plants and other applications shall have special approval of the Administrative Authority. 85 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 86 CHAPTER 10 STEAM AND HOT-WATER BOILERS 1001.0 Purpose 1004.0 Definitions The purpose of this chapter is to establish and Certain words and terms used in this chapter,unless provide minimum standards for the protection of clearly inconsistent with their context, shall mean as public welfare, health, safety and property by follows: regulating and controlling the quality, location and AUTOMATIC BOILER. When applied to any class installation of steam and hot-water boilers. of boiler defined below, such boiler shall be equipped with certain controls and limit devices as 1002.0 Scope specified in Section 1011.0 and Table 10-3. The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the BOILER is a closed vessel used for heating water or construction, installation, operation, repair and liquid, or for generating steam or vapor by direct alteration of all boilers and pressure vessels. application of heat from combustible fuels or electricity. Exceptions: BURNER, AUTOMATIC BOILER. A burner for an 1. Listed and approved potable water heaters automatic boiler is a device to convey fuel into the with a nominal capacity of 120 gallons(454 L)or combustion chamber in proximity to its combustion less having a heat input of 200,000 Btu/h (58.62 air supply so as to permit a stable controlled heat kW) or less used for hot-water supply at release compatible with the burner design and which pressure of 160 pounds per square inch (psi) is equipped with an ignition system to reliably ignite (1103 kPa) or less and at temperatures not the entire heat release surface of the burner assembly. exceeding 210°F (99°C), as regulated by the CONTINUOUS PILOT is a pilot that burns without Plumbing Code. turndown throughout the entire period that the boiler 2. Pressure vessels used for unheated water is in service,whether or not the main burner is firing. supply, including those containing air which HOT-WATER-HEATING BOILER is a boiler serves only as a cushion and is compressed by having a volume exceeding 120 gallons (454 L), a the introduction of water and tanks connected to heat input exceeding 200,000 Btu/h(58.62 kW),or an sprinkler systems. operating temperature exceeding 210°F (99°C) that 3. Portable unfired pressure vessels and I.C.C. provides hot water to be used externally to itself. containers. INTERLOCK is a device which senses a limit or off- 4. Containers for liquefied petroleum gases, limit condition or improper sequence of events and bulk oxygen and medical gas, which are shuts down the offending or related piece of regulated by the Fire Code. equipment or prevents proceeding in an improper 5. Unfired pressure vessels in Groups B, F, H, sequence in order to prevent a hazardous condition M, R, S and U Occupancies having a volume of from developing. five (5) cubic feet (0.14 ml) or less and operated INTERMITTENT PILOT is a pilot which burns at pressures not exceeding 250 psi(1724 kPa). during light-off and while the main burner is firing, 6. Pressure vessels used in refrigeration systems and which is shut off with the main burner. which are regulated by Chapter 11 of this code. INTERRUPTED PILOT is a pilot which burns 7. Pressure tanks used in conjunction with during light-off and which is shut off during normal coaxial cables, telephone cables, power cables, operation of the main burner. and other similar humidity control systems. LOW-PRESSURE HOT-WATER-HEATING 8. Any boiler or pressure vessel subject to BOILER is a boiler in which water is heated for the regular inspection by federal inspectors or Purpose of supplying heat at pressures not licensed by federal authorities. exceeding 160 psi (1102 kPa) and temperatures not exceeding 250°F(1211C). MINIATURE BOILER is a power boiler having an 1003.0 Workmanship internal shell diameter of sixteen (16) inches (406 All equipment, appurtenances, devices and piping mm)or less,a gross volume of five(5)cubic feet(142 shall be installed in a workmanlike manner in L)or less,a heating surface of twenty(20)square feet conformity with the provisions and intent of this (1.86 ml) or less (not applicable to electric boilers) chapter. and not exceeding 100 psi(689 kPa). 87 1004.0— 1007.4 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE PACKAGE BOILER. May be any class of boiler 1006.3 Gages. All steam boilers shall be provided defined herein and shall be a boiler equipped and with a pressure gage and a water level glass. All shipped complete with fuel-burning equipment, water boilers shall be provided with a pressure gage automatic controls and accessories, and mechanical and a temperature indicator. draft equipment,if used. 1006.4 Stack Dampers: Stack dampers on boilers PILOT is a burner smaller than the main burner,which fired with oil or solid fuel shall not close off more is ignited by a spark or other independent and stable than 80 percent of the stack area when closed,except ignition source, and which provides ignition energy on automatic boilers with prepurge, automatic draft required to immediately light off the main burner. control and interlock. Operative dampers shall not POWER BOILER is a boiler in which steam is be placed within any stack,flue or vent of a gas-fired generated at pressures exceeding fifteen (15)psi (103 boiler, except on an automatic boiler with prepurge, kPa). automatic draft control and interlock. POWER HOT-WATER BOILER (HIGH- 1006.5 Welding. Welding on pressure vessels shall TEMPERATURE WATER BOILER) is a boiler used be done by approved welders in conformity with for heating water or liquid to a pressure exceeding nationally recognized standards. All such welding 160 psi (1103 kPa) or to a temperature exceeding shall be subject to the approval of the Administrative 250°F(121°C). Authority. PRESSURE VESSEL (Unfired) is a closed container, having a nominal internal diameter exceeding six (6) 1007.0 Expansion Tanks inches (152.4 mm) and a volume exceeding 1-1/2 cubic feet (42 L), for liquids, gases or vapors 1007.1 General. All hot-water-heating systems shall subjected to pressures exceeding fifteen (15) psi (103 be provided with an air expansion tank securely kPa)or steam under any pressure. fastened to the structure. Supports shall be adequate PURGE. Acceptable method of scavenging the to carry twice the weight of the tank filled with water combustion chamber, boiler passes and breeching to without placing any strain on connecting piping. remove all combustible gases. All hot-water heating systems incorporating hot- STEAM HEATING BOILER is a boiler operated at water tanks or fluid relief columns shall be so pressures not exceeding fifteen (15) psi (103 kPa) for installed as to prevent freezing under normal steam. operating conditions. 1007.2 Systems with Open Expansion Tanks. 1005.0 Permit Required Systems equipped with an open expansion tank to satisfy thermal water expansion shall be provided Except for work exempted by Section 112.2 of this code, with an indoor overflow from the upper portion of a permit shall be obtained from the Administrative the expansion tank in addition to an open vent. The Authority prior to installation, alteration, repair or indoor overflow shall be carried within the building replacement of boilers and pressure vessels. Alteration to a suitable plumbing fixture or to the basement. of control systems on automatic boilers and the conversion of solid-fuel-fired boilers as permitted by 1007.3 Closed-Type Systems. Systems of the Section 1013.0 shall also required a permit.See Chapter closed type shall have an airtight tank or other 1 for requirements for obtaining permits. suitable air cushion that will be consistent with the volume and capacity of the system, and shall be suitably designed for a hydrostatic test pressure of 1006.0 Detailed Requirements two and one half times the allowable working 1006.1 Safety Requirements. The construction of pressure of the system. Expansion tanks for systems boilers and pressure vessels and the installation designed to operate at or above 30 psig shall be thereof shall conform to minimum requirements for constructed in accordance with nationally safety from structural and mechanical failure and recognized standards approved by the excessive pressures, established by the Administrative Authority. Provisions shall be made Administrative Authority in accordance with for draining the tank without emptying the system, nationally recognized standards. except for pressurized tanks. 1006.2 Controls. Required electrical, mechanical, 1007.4 Minimum Capacity of Closed-Type Tank. safety and operating controls shall carry approval of The minimum capacity of the closed type expansion an approved testing agency. Electrical controls shall tank may be determined from Tables 10-land 10-2 or be of such design and construction as to be suitable from the following formula: for installation in the environment in which they are located. 88 STEAM AND HOT-WATER BOILERS 1007.4—1014.0 Vt= (0.00041 t-0.0466) VS 1011.0 Low-Water Cutoff Pa Pa Hot-water-heating boilers,other than manually fired, P f Po shall be equipped with a low-water cutoff, except that a coil-type boiler or a water-tube boiler which Where: requires forced circulation to prevent overheating of Vt = minimum volume of expansion tank, the coils or tubes shall have a flow-sensing device gallons. installed in the outlet piping in lieu of the low-water cutoff.The required low-water cutoff or flow switch, VS = volume of system, not including expansion as applicable, shall be mounted so as to prevent tank, gallons. damage to the boiler and to permit testing of the t=average operating temperature, OF. fuel-supply cutoff without draining the heating Pa=atmospheric pressure, feet H2O absolute. system, except that such boilers used in Group R Pf=fill pressure, feet H2O absolute. Occupancies of less than six dwelling units and Group U Occupancies need not be equipped with the Po = maximum operating pressure, feet H2O low-water cutoff or flow switch. absolute. 1012.0 Combustion Regulators—Safety Valves 1008.0 Safety or Relief Valve Discharge The following requirements shall be retroactive: The discharge from relief valves shall be piped to 1012.1 Every hot-water-heating boiler, other than within eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) of the floor or manually fired, shall be equipped with two to an open receptacle, and when the operating temperature combustion regulators in series. Every temperature is in excess of 212°F (100°C), shall be steam heating boiler,other than manually fired,shall equipped with a splash shield or centrifugal be equipped with a pressure combustion regulator separator. When the discharge from safety valves and a low-water cutoff. (See Section 1011.0.) would result in a hazardous discharge of steam inside the boiler room, such discharge shall be 1012.2 Boilers and pressure vessels shall be extended outside the boiler room. No valve of any provided with the required number, size and description shall be placed between the safety or capacity of safety or relief valves to ensure positive relief valve and the boiler,nor on the discharge pipe relief of overpressure in accordance with nationally between the safety valve and the atmosphere. recognized standards, as applicable. Valves so employed shall be constructed, sealed and installed in accordance with nationally recognized standards, 1009.0 Shutoff Valves as applicable. An approved manual shutoff valve shall be installed upstream of all control devices on the main burner of 1013.0 Automatic Boilers a gas-fired boiler. The takeoff point for the gas supply to the pilot shall be upstream of the gas Automatic boilers shall be equipped with controls shutoff valve of the main burner and shall be valved and limit devices as set forth in Table 10-3. separately. A union or other approved means of Automatic boilers shall also be equipped with the disconnect shall be provided immediately following gages, as applicable: oil temperature, oil downstream of these shutoff valves. suction pressure, high and low gas pressure, stack temperature and windbox pressure. 1010.0 Gas-Pressure Regulators Except as otherwise specified, gas-fired boilers exceeding 400,000 Btu/h (117 kW) input shall An approved gas-pressure regulator shall be conform to nationally recognized standards installed on gas-fired boilers where the gas supply approved by the Administrative Authority. pressure is higher than that at which the main burner The Administrative Authority may approve is designed to operate. A separate approved gas- solid-fuel-fired boilers that can meet the safety pressure regulator shall be installed to regulate the requirements for automatic gas-or oil-fired boilers. gas pressure to the pilot or pilots. A separate regulator shall not be required for the pilot or pilots on manufacturer-assembled boiler-burner units 1014.0 Clearance for Access which have been approved by the Administrative When boilers are installed or replaced, clearance Authority and on gas-fired boilers in Group R shall be provided to allow access for inspection, Occupancies of less than six units and in Group U maintenance and repair. Passageways around all Occupancies. 89 1014.0— 1023.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE sides of boilers shall have an unobstructed width of 1017.0 Floors not less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm). Boilers shall be mounted on floors of noncombustible Clearance for repair and cleaning may be provided construction unless listed for mounting on through a door or access panel into another area, combustible flooring. provided the opening is of sufficient size. Exception: Subject to the approval of the 1018.0 Chimneys or Vents Administrative Authority, boilers may be installed with a side clearance of less than Boilers shall be connected to a chimney or vent, as eighteen(18)inches(457 mm) ,provided that the provided for other fuel-burning equipment in lesser clearance does not inhibit inspection, Chapter 8 of this code. maintenance or repair. Power boilers having a steam generating 1019.0 Drainage capacity in excess of 5000 pounds per hour (2268 For heating or hot-water-supply boiler applications, kg/h) or having a heating surface in excess of 1000 the boiler room shall be equipped with a floor drain square feet (93 in') or input in excess of 5,000,000 or other means suitable for disposing of the Btu/h(1465 kW) shall have a minimum clearance of accumulation of liquid wastes incident to cleaning, seven(7) feet(2134 mm) from the top of the boiler to recharging and routine maintenance. the ceiling. Steam heating boilers and hot-water-heating 1020.0 Fuel Piping boilers which exceed one of the following limits: 5,000,000 Btu/h input(1465 kW);5000-pound-steam- Fuel piping shall conform to Chapter 16 Part II, per-hour (2268 kg/h) capacity or 1000-square-foot Referenced Standards—Tanks,piping and valves for (93 mz) heating surface; and power boilers which do oil-burning appliances,Chapter 2 and 3 of NFPA 31- not exceed one of the following limits: 5,000,000 1978, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Btu/h input (1465 kW); 5000-pound-steam-per-hour Equipment. (2268 kg/h) capacity or 1000-square-foot (1465 kW) heating surface;and all boilers with manholes on top 1021.0 Air for Combustion and Ventilation of the boiler, except those described in the second Air for combustion and ventilation shall be provided and fourth paragraphs shall have a minimum in accordance with Chapter 7 of this code. clearance of three (3) feet (914 mm) from the top of the boiler to the ceiling. Package boilers, steam heating boilers and hot- 1022.0 Operating Adjustments and Instructions water-heating boilers with no manhole on top of the Hot-water boiler installations upon completion shall shell and not exceeding one of the above limits shall have controls set, adjusted and tested by the have a minimum clearance of two (2) feet (610 mm) installing contractor. A complete control diagram of from the ceiling. a permanent legible type, together with complete boiler operating instructions, shall be furnished by 1015.0 Boiler Rooms and Enclosures the installer for each installation. Boiler rooms and enclosures and access thereto shall comply with Chapter 9, Part I of this Code and the 1023.0 Inspections and Tests Building Code. An installation for which a permit is required shall not be put into service until it has been inspected and 1016.0 Mounting approved by the Administrative Authority. Equipment shall be set or mounted on a level base It shall be the duty of the owner or his capable of supporting and distributing the weight authorized representative to notify the contained thereon. Administrative Authority that the installation is ready for inspection and test. It also shall be the duty Boilers, tanks and equipment shall be securely of the owner or his authorized representative to post anchored to the structure. in a conspicuous position on the installation a notice Equipment requiring vibration isolation shall be in substantially the following form: "Warning! This installed as designed by a registered engineer to the installation has not been inspected and approved by satisfaction of the Administrative Authority. the Administrative Authority and shall not be covered or concealed until so inspected and approved," and it shall be unlawful for anyone other 90 STEAM AND HOT-WATER BOILERS 1023.0—1026.0 than the Administrative Authority to remove such construction permits, they shall, in addition, be notice. The Administrative Authority shall require subject to inspection internally biennially. such tests as he deems necessary to determine that Inspection of boilers and pressure vessels the installation complies with the provision of this covered by insurance may be made by employees of code. Such tests shall be made by the owner or his the insuring company holding commissions from the authorized representative in the presence of the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Administrative Authority. Inspectors, subject to approval of the Administrative Exception: On installations designed and Authority. Approved insuring company inspectors supervised by a registered professional engineer, shall make reports on prescribed forms on the Administrative Authority may permit inspections authorized by the Administrative inspection and testing by such engineer in lieu of Authority. The reports shall be filed in the the above requirements. Administrative Authority's office. Company When the owner or his authorized inspectors shall notify the Administrative Authority representative requests inspection of a boiler prior to of suspension of insurance because of dangerous its installation, the Administrative Authority shall conditions, new insurance in effect, and make such inspection. discontinuance of insurance coverage. 1024.0 Operating Permit 1026.0 Operation and Maintenance of Boilers It shall be unlawful to operate a boiler or pressure and Pressure Vessels vessel without first obtaining a valid operating Boilers and pressure vessels shall be operated and permit to do so from the Administrative Authority. maintained in conformity with requirements for Such permit shall be displayed in a conspicuous adequate protection of the public established by the place adjacent to the boiler or vessel. The operating Administrative Authority in accordance with permit shall not be issued until the equipment has nationally recognized standards. been inspected and approved by the Administrative The Administrative Authority shall notify the Authority. owner or authorized representative of defects or Exception: The operation only of steam heating deficiencies which shall be promptly and properly boilers, low-pressure hot-water-heating boilers, corrected. If such corrections are not made, or if the hot-water-supply boilers and pressure vessels in operation of the boiler or pressure vessel is deemed Group R Occupancies of less than six dwelling unsafe by the Administrative Authority, the permit units and in Group U Occupancies. to operate the boiler or pressure vessel may be revoked. If the operation of a boiler or pressure vessel is deemed by the Administrative Authority to 1025.0 Maintenance Inspection constitute an immediate danger, the pressure on The Administrative Authority shall inspect all such boiler or pressure vessel may be relieved at the boilers and pressure vessels operated under permit owner's cost and the boiler or pressure vessel shall at such intervals as he deems necessary,but not less not thereafter be operated without approval of the frequently than noted below: Administrative Authority. 1025.1 Power boilers and miniature boilers shall be inspected externally annually. Where construction and operating conditions permit, they shall, in addition,be subject to inspection internally annually. 1025.2 Steam heating boilers and hot-water-heating boilers shall be inspected externally annually. Where construction and operating conditions permit, they shall, in addition, be subject to inspection internally annually. 1025.3 Automatic steam heating boilers shall be inspected externally biennially. Where construction and operating conditions permit, they shall, in addition, be subject to inspection internally biennially. 1025.4 Unfired pressure vessels shall be inspected externally biennially. When subject to corrosion and 91 Table 10-1 —Table 10-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 10-1 Expansion Tank Capacities for Gravity Hot-Water Systems Based on two pipe system with average operating water temperature 170OF(770C), using cast-iron column radiation with heat emission rate 150 Btu per hour per square foot(473 W/mz)equivalent direct radiation. Square Feet of Installed Expansion Direct Radiation' Tank Capacity, Gallons (x 0.0929 for m2) (x 3.785 for L) Up to 350 18 Up to 450 21 Up to 650 24 Up to 900 30 Up to 1100 35 Up to 1400 40 Up to 1600 2 to 30 Up to 1800 2 to 30 Up to 2000 2 to 35 Up to 2400 2 to 40 For systems with more than 2400 square feet (223 m2) of installed equivalent direct water radiation, the required capacity of the cushion tank shall be increased on the basis of 1-gallon (3.785-L) tank capacity per 33 square feet (3.07 m2) of additional equivalent direct radiation. TABLE 10-2 Expansion Tank Capacities for Force Hot-Water Systems Based on average operating water temperature 1950F (90.60C), a fill pressure of 12 psig (82.7 kPa), and maximum operating pressure of 30 psig (206.8 kPa) System Volume,' Tank Capacity, Gallons Gallons (x 3.785 for L) 100 15 200 30 300 45 400 60 500 75 1000 150 2000 300 Includes volume water in boiler, radiation and piping, not including expansion tank. 92 TABLE 10-3 in i Controls and Limit Devices for Automatic Boilers rn D Safety Control Timing Hot > Nominal Maximum Time In Seconds Water Z Trial for Main Tempera- Steam Control 0 Burner Flame ture and Pressure and = Fuel Input Main Assured Assured Low and LoA Limit Rangel Type Trial Direct Burner Fuel Air Low Fire Pre- Water Water Approved Device Boiler (inclusive), of for Electric Flame Flame Supply Supply Start Up purging Limit Limit Fuel System -Di Grou Fuel Btu/h Pilot2 Pilot Ignition Pilot Failure3 Contro14 Controls Controls Control? Controls$ Controls9 Shutoff10 Design tt m to Not Not Not Not Not O A Gas 0-400,000 Any type 90 Required 90 90 Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required r m DO 400,001- Interrupted Not Not Not Not in B Gas 2,500,000 or 15 15 15 2-4 Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required intermittent 2,500,001- Interrupted C Gas 5,000,000 or 15 15 15 2-4 Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required intermittent Over D Gas 5,000,000 Interrupted 15 15 15 2-4 Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Not Not Not Not Not E Oil 0-400,000 Any type Required 90 90 90 Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required 400,001- Not Not Not Not F Oil 1,000,000 Interrupted Required 30 30 2-4 Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required 1,000,001 Not Not Not Not G Oil 3,000,000 Interrupted Required 15 15 2-4 Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Over L Oil 3,000,000 Interrupted 15 15 60 2-4 Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Electricl All Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required w Cr m co 0 w w Table 10-3 (cont.) UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE FOOTNOTES FOR TABLE 10-3 (Continued) 1 Fuel input shall be determined by one of the following: (a)The maximum burner input as shown on the burner nameplate or as otherwise identified by the manufacturer. (b)The nominal boiler rating,as determined by the building official,plus twenty-five percent(25%). 2 Automatic boilers shall have one flame failure device on each burner which shall prove the presence of a suitable ignition source at the point where it will reliably ignite the main burner, except that boiler groups A, B, E, F and G which are equipped with direct electric ignition shall monitor the main burner,and all boiler groups using interrupted pilots shall monitor only the main burner after the prescribed limited trial and ignition periods. Boiler group A,equipped with continuous pilot,shall accomplish 100 percent shutoff within ninety(90)seconds upon pilot flame failure.The use of intermittent pilots in boiler group C is limited to approved burner units. 3 In boiler groups B, C and D a 90-second main burner flame failure limit may apply if continuous pilots are provided on manufacturer assembled boiler-burner units which have been approved by an approved testing agency as complying with nationally recognized standards approved by the building official. Boiler groups F and G equipped to re-energize their ignition systems within 0.8 second after main burner flame failure will be permitted thirty(30)seconds for group F or fifteen(15)seconds for group G to re- establish their main burner flames. 4 Boiler groups C and D shall have controls interlocked to accomplish a nonrecycling fuel shutoff upon high or low gas pressure, and boiler groups F, G and H using steam or air for fuel atomization shall have controls interlocked to accomplish a nonrecycling fuel shutoff upon low atomizing steam or air pressure. Boiler groups F, G and H equipped with a preheated oil system shall have controls interlocked to provide fuel shutoff upon low oil temperature. 5 Automatic boilers shall have controls interlocked to shut off the fuel supply in the event of draft failure if forced or induced draft fans are used or, in the event of low combustion air flow, if a gas power burner is used.Where a single motor directly driving both the fan and the oil pump is used,a separate control is not required. 6 Boiler groups C, D and H,when firing in excess of 400,000 Btu per combustion chamber,shall be provided with low fire start of its main burner system to permit smooth light-off.This will normally be a rate of approximately one third of its maximum firing rate. 7 Boiler groups C, D and H shall not permit pilot or main burner trial for ignition operation before a purging operation of sufficient duration to permit a minimum of four complete air changes through the furnace, including combustion chamber and the boiler passes. Where this is not readily determinable, five complete air changes of the furnace, including combustion chamber up to the first pass, will be considered equivalent. An atmospheric gas burner with no mechanical means of creating air movement or an oil burner which obtains two thirds or more of the air required for combustion without mechanical means of creating air movement shall not require purge by means of four air changes, so long as its secondary air openings are not provided with means of closing. If such burners have means of closing secondary air openings,a time delay must be provided which puts these closures in a normally open position for four minutes before an attempt for ignition.An installation with a trapped combustion chamber shall,in every case, be provided with a mechanical means of creating air movement for purging. 8 Every automatic hot-water-heating boiler, low-pressure hot-water-heating boiler, and power hot-water boiler shalt be equipped with two high-temperature limit controls with a manual reset on the control, with the higher setting interlocked to shut off the main fuel supply,except that manual reset on the high-temperature limit control shall not be required on any automatic package boiler not exceeding 400,000 Btu/h input and which has been approved by an approved testing agency. Every automatic hot-water heating, power boiler and package hot-water supply boiler shall be equipped with one low-water level limit control with a manual reset interlocked to shut off the fuel supply so installed as to prevent damage to the boiler and to permit testing of the control without draining the heating system, except on boilers used in Group R Occupancies of less than six units and in Group U Occupancies and further,except that the low-water level limit control is not required on package hot-water supply boilers approved by a nationally recognized testing agency. However,a low-water flow limit control installed in the circulating water line may be used instead of the low-water level limit control for the same purpose on coil-type boilers. 9 Every automatic low-pressure steam-heating boiler,small power boiler and power steam boiler shall be equipped with two high- steam pressure limit controls interlocked to shut off the fuel supply to the main burner with manual reset on the control, with the higher setting and two low-water-level limit controls,one of which shall be provided with a manual reset device and independent of the feed water controller. Coil-type flash steam boilers may use two high-temperature limit controls, one of which shall be manually reset in the hot-water coil section of the boiler instead of the low-water level limit control. 10 Boiler groups C, D and H shall use an approved automatic reset safety shutoff valve for the main burner fuel shutoff which shall be interlocked to the programming control devices required. On oil burners where the safety shutoff valve will be subjected to pressures in excess of ten (10) psi when the burner is not firing,a second safety shutoff valve shall be provided in series with the first. Boiler groups C and D using gas in excess of one (1) pound-per-square-inch pressure or having a trapped combustion chamber or employing horizontal fire tubes shall be equipped with two approved safety shutoff valves, one of which shall be an automatic reset type, one of which may be used as an operating control, and both of which shall be interlocked to the limit-control devices required. Boiler groups C and D using gas in excess of one (1) pound-per-square-inch pressure shall be provided with a permanent and ready means for making periodic tightness checks of the main fuel safety shutoff valves. 11 Control and limit device systems shall be grounded with operating voltage not to exceed 150 volts,except that,upon approval by the building official, existing control equipment to be reused in an altered boiler control system may use 220-volt single phase with one side grounded, provided such voltage is used for all controls. Control and limit devices shall interrupt the ungrounded side of the circuit.A readily accessible means of manually disconnecting the control circuit shall be provided with controls so arranged that when they are de-energized,the burner shall be inoperative. 94 CHAPTER 11 REFRIGERATION 1101.0 Scope 1105.2 Volume of Occupied Space. The quantity Part I of this chapter covers refrigeration systems. of refrigerant in a single, independent circuit of a Refrigeration systems, equipment and devices, high-probability system shall not exceed the including the replacement of parts, alterations and amounts shown in Table 11-1 based on the volume of substitution of a different refrigerant, shall conform the normally occupied space. The volume of the to the requirements of this chapter and other smallest, enclosed, normally occupied space shall be applicable provisions of this code. used to determine the permissible quantity of Occupied spaces within refrigerated areas shall refrigerant in a system which is located in, serves or comply with this chapter and the applicable portions Passes through such space. of the Building Code. Exceptions: Part II covers cooling towers. 1. If the airflow to any enclosed space served by a portion of an air-duct system cannot be shut off or reduced below one quarter of its Part I—Refrigeration Systems maximum. the cubical contents of the entire 1102.0 Refrigerants space served by that portion of the air-duct The refrigerant used shall be of a type listed in Table system shall be used to determine the 11-1 or as classified under Section 1103.0 as permissible quantity of refrigerant in the system. approved. 2. Refrigerated process or storage areas Exception: Lithium bromide absorption systems meeting the requirements of Section 1105.3. using water as the refrigerant. 1105.3 Refrigerated Process and Storage Areas. Refrigerant quantities in evaporators and piping 1103.0 Refrigerant Classification within rooms or spaces used exclusively for processing or storage of materials under refrigerated Refrigerants shall be classified in accordance with conditions shall not be limited,provided that exiting the referenced standard for refrigerant designation is provided per the Building Code and that: and safety classification in Chapter 16,Part II. 1105.3.1 The refrigerated room or space is equipped with a refrigerant vapor detection and 1104.0 Classification of Refrigeration Systems alarm system complying with Section 1121.0. Refrigeration systems shall be classified according to 1105.3.2 The refrigerated room or space is the degree of probability that a leakage of refrigerant sealed from all other portions of the building by could enter a normally occupied area. vapor-tight construction and tight-fitting, 1104.1 High-Probability System.Systems in which gasketed doors. the basic design, or the location of components, is Exception:Adjoining refrigerated rooms. such that a leakage of refrigerant from a failed 1105.4 Refrigerant Purity. New and reclaimed connection, seal or component could enter the refrigerants are allowed to be used in refrigeration occupied space described in Section 1105.2. systems in accordance with this section. When 1104.2 Low-Probability System. Systems that requested, the installer shall furnish a declaration cannot be considered as a high-probability system identifying the refrigerant by standard "R-" are classified as low-probability systems. This class designation and stating that it meets the includes systems whose joints and connections in the requirements of either Sections 1105.4.1 or 1105.4.2. refrigerant circuit are effectively isolated from the Exception: The refrigerant used shall meet the occupied space described in Section 1105.2. purity specifications set by the manufacturer of the equipment in which it is used when that 1105.0 Requirements for Refrigerant and specification is different from Sections 1105.4.1 Refrigeration System Use or 1105.4.2. 1105.1 System Selection. Refrigeration systems 1105.4.1 New and Reclaimed Refrigerants. shall be limited in application in accordance with New and reclaimed refrigerants shall meet the Table 11-2 and the requirements of this section. referenced standard for refrigerant specifications in Chapter 16,Part II. 95 1105.4— 1106.7 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 1105.4.2 Recovered Refrigerants. Re-use of inches (559 mm) by thirty (30) inches (762 mm) recovered refrigerant that shows no sign of provided the largest piece of equipment can be contamination is allowed, provided that it has removed through the opening. been filtered and dried with a listed or approved 3. Cooling equipment, using Group Al recovery machine, in equipment belonging to refrigerants or brine, located in an attic or furred the same owner as the equipment from which it space may be provided access as for furnaces in was removed. Recovered refrigerants shall not Section 908.0 of this code. be used in a different owner's equipment unless 4. Cooling or refrigeration equipment, using the refrigerant has been analyzed and found to Group Al or Bl refrigerants or brine,located on meet the purity requirements of Section 1105.4.1. a roof or on an exterior wall of a building may be provided access as for furnaces in Section 1106.0 General Requirements 910.0 of this code. 1106.1 Human Comfort. Cooling systems used for 1106.4 Illumination and Service Receptacles. In human comfort shall comply with the return-air and addition to the requirements of Section 309.0, outside-air provisions for furnaces in Section 906.0 of permanent lighting fixtures shall be installed for all this code. equipment required by this code to be accessible or 1106.2 Supports and Anchorage. Supports and readily accessible.Such fixtures shall provide sufficient anchorage for refrigeration equipment and piping illumination to safely perform the required tasks for shall be designed in accordance with the Building which access is provided. Control of the illumination Code as Occupancy Category H hazardous facilities. source shall be provided at the access entrance. Supports shall be noncombustible. Exceptions: Exceptions: 1. Lighting fixtures may be omitted when the 1. Equipment containing Group Al fixed lighting of the building will provide the refrigerants may be supported by the same required illumination. materials permitted for the building type. 2. Equipment located on the roof or on the 2. The use of approved vibration isolators exterior walls of a building. specifically designed for the normal, wind and 1106.5 Protection from Mechanical Damage. seismic loads to which they may be subject shall Refrigeration systems and portions thereof shall not be permitted. be located in an elevator shaft,dumbwaiter shaft or a A compressor or portion of a condensing shaft having moving objects therein,nor in a location unit supported from the ground shall rest on a '`'here it will be subject to mechanical damage. concrete or other approved base extending not 1106.6 Electrical. Electrically energized less than three (3) inches (76 mm) above the components of refrigeration systems shall conform to adjoining ground level. the Electrical Code. 1106.3 Access. An unobstructed readily accessible 1106.7 Ventilation of Rooms Containing opening and passageway not less than thirty-six (36) Condensing Units. Rooms or spaces other than a inches (914 mm) in width and six (6) feet (1829 mm) refrigeration machinery room complying with the eight(8) inches (203 mm) in height shall be provided requirements of this chapter in which any and maintained to the compressor, valves required refrigerant-containing portion of a condensing unit is by this chapter or other portions of the system located shall be provided with one of the following requiring routine maintenance. means of ventilation: Exceptions: 1106.7.1 Permanent gravity ventilation openings of not less than two (2) square feet 1. Refrigerant evaporators, suspended (0.19 mz) net free area opening directly to the overhead,may use portable means of access. outside of the building or extending to the 2. Air filters, brine control or stop valves, fan outside of the building by continuous ducts. motors or drives, and remotely deenergized 1106.7.2 A mechanical exhaust system electrical connections may be provided access by arranged to provide a complete change of air in an unobstructed space not less than thirty (30) such room or space at least every 20 minutes and inches (762 mm) in depth, width and height. to discharge to the outside of the building. When an access opening is immediately adjacent Exceptions: to these items and the equipment can be serviced, repaired and replaced from this opening, the 1. A condensing unit in a room or space if dimensions may be reduced to twenty-two (22) the cubical content exceeds 1000 cubic feet per horsepower(38.50 m3/kW)of the unit. 96 REFRIGERATION 1106.7— 1107.7 2. A condensing unit in a room or space that (35) pounds (16 kg) of refrigerant R-717 and has permanent gravity ventilation having an located in an approved exterior location. area of two(2)square feet(0.19 m2)or more to 2. Direct and indirect-fired lithium bromide other rooms or openings exceeding 1000 cubic absorption systems using water as the feet per horsepower(38.50 m3/kW). refrigerant. 1106.8 Prohibited Locations. Refrigeration Refrigeration machinery rooms shall systems or portions thereof shall not be located house all refrigerant-containing portions of within a required exit enclosure. Refrigeration the system other than the piping and compressors exceeding five(5)horsepower(3.68 kW) evaporators permitted by Section 1105.3, rating shall be located at least ten(10)feet(3048 mm) discharge piping required of this chapter, from an exit opening in a Group A;Group B;Group and cooling towers regulated by this E;Group F;Group I;Group R,Division 1;or Group S chapter,Part Il,and their essential piping. Occupancy unless separated by a one-hour fire- 1107.1.3 An Al system having an aggregate resistive occupancy separation. combined compressor horsepower of 100 (73.55 1106.9 Condensation Control. Piping and fittings kW)or more. which convey brine, refrigerant or coolants which 1107.2 Dimensions. Refrigeration machinery rooms during normal operation could reach a surface shall be of such dimensions that all system parts are temperature below the dew point of the surrounding readily accessible with adequate space for air and which are located in spaces or areas where maintenance and operations. An unobstructed condensation could cause a hazard to the building walking space at least three(3)feet(914 mm)in width occupants, damage to the structure, electrical or and six (6) feet eight (8) inches (2032 mm) in height other equipment shall be protected to prevent such shall be maintained throughout allowing free access an occurrence. to at least two sides of all moving machinery and 1106.10 Condensate. Condensate from air-cooling approaching each stop valve. Access to refrigeration coils shall be collected and drained to an approved machinery rooms shall be restricted to authorized location. Drain pans and coils shall be arranged to personnel and posted with a permanent sign. allow thorough drainage and access for cleaning. 1107.3 Exits. Exits shall comply with the Building Where temperatures can drop below freezing, heat Code for special hazards. tracing and insulation of condensate drains shall be 1107.4 Refrigerant-Vapor Alarms. Machinery installed. rooms shall have approved refrigerant-vapor 1106.11 Defrost. When defrost cycles are required detectors,located in an area where refrigerant from a for portions of the system. provisions shall be made leak is likely to concentrate, and shall activate visual for collection and disposal of the defrost liquid in a and audible alarms. Alarms shall be activated at a safe and sanitary manner. value not greater than one half the immediately 1106.12 Overflows. Where condensate or defrost dangerous to life or health (IDLH), or measurement liquids are generated in an attic or furred space and consistent therewith; the PEL, or measurement structural damage may result from overflow, consistent therewith; or 25 percent of the LFL, provisions for overflow shall be provided. whichever is less. 1106.13 Condensate, Defrost and Overflow 1107.5 Separation. Refrigeration machinery rooms Disposal. Disposal of condensate, defrost or shall be separated from other portions of the overflow discharges shall comply with Section 310.0. building as required in the special hazards provisions of the Building Code. Penetrations shall be sealed to inhibit the passage of refrigerant vapor. 1107.0 Refrigeration Machinery Rooms 1107.6 Combustion Air and Return Air. 1107.1 When Required.Refrigeration systems shall Combustion air or return air shall not be taken from be provided with a refrigeration machinery room or through a refrigeration machinery room. when any of the following conditions exist: Exceptions: 1107.1.1 The quantity of refrigerant in a single, 1. Refrigeration machinery rooms used independent refrigerant circuit of a system exclusively for direct-fired absorption equipment. exceeds Table 11-1 amounts. 1107.1.2 Direct-and indirect-fired absorption 2. Direct-vented combustion equipment. equipment. 1107.7 Special Requirements. Open flames or devices having an exposed surface exceeding 800°F Exceptions: (427°C) are prohibited in refrigeration machinery 1. Systems containing less than thirty-five rooms. 97 1107.7— 1108.7 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Exceptions: AT= temperature difference between machinery 1. Momentary temperature excursions such as room and supply air(°F). electrical contacts in Al and Bl systems. G= refrigerant mass in largest system, lbs. 2. Refrigeration machinery rooms used 1108.3 Distribution of Ventilation. Exhaust inlets exclusively for direct-fired absorption equipment. or permanent openings shall be located to provide ventilation throughout the entire refrigeration machinery room. 1108.0 Refrigeration Machinery Room Ventilation 1108.4 Intermittent Control of the Ventilation 1108.1 General. Refrigeration machinery rooms Systems. Fans providing refrigeration machinery shall be provided with a continuous source of outside room temperature control or automatic response to air for ventilation and removal of rejected heat. refrigerant gas in order to maintain concentrations 1108.2 Refrigeration Machinery Rooms. below the PEL may be automatically controlled to Refrigeration machinery rooms shall be provided provide intermittent ventilation as conditions with dedicated mechanical exhaust systems. The require. exhaust systems shall have the capacity to achieve 1108.5 Emergency Control of the Ventilation each of the following: Systems. Fans providing emergency purge 1108.2.1 Continuously maintain the ventilation for refrigerant escape shall have a clearly refrigeration machinery room at 0.05-inch (12.44 identified switch of the break-glass type providing Pa) water gauge negative relative to adjacent "on"-only control immediately adjacent to and spaces calculated by: outside of each refrigerant machinery room exit. Purge fans shall also respond automatically to the Q = 2610Ae A refrigerant concentration detection system set to (11 1) activate the ventilation system at no more than 25 percent of the LFL or 50 percent of the IDLH or a Exception: Refrigeration machinery rooms measure equivalent thereto, whichever is less. An located in entirely detached structures and emergency purge control shall be provided with a more than twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) from manual reset onlv. property lines or openings into buildings. 1108.6 Central Control of Ventilation Systems. 1108.2.2 Continuously provide 0.5 cubic foot Mechanical ventilation systems shall have switches per minute of air flow per gross square foot(2.54 to control power to each fan. The switches shall be L/s/mz) of floor area within the refrigeration key operated or within a locked glass-covered machinery rooms as calculated by: enclosure at an approved location adjacent to and outside of the principal entrance to the machinery Q= O.SAKr. room. Necessary keys shall be located in a single (11-2) approved location. Switches controlling fans 1108.2.3 Limit the temperature rise within the providing continuous ventilation shall be of the two refrigeration machinery room to a maximum of Position, on-off type. Switches controlling fans 104°F(40°C)as calculated by: providing intermittent or emergency ventilation shall be of the three position, automatic on-off type. 1 08A T Switches shall be labeled identifying both function Q — and specific fan controlled. Two colored and labeled (11-3) indicator lamps responding to the differential 1108.2.4 Provide emergency purge of escaping pressure created by air flow shall be provided for refrigerant as calculated by: each switch. One lamp shall indicate flow, the other shall indicate no flow. Q = 100V_d 1108.7 Ventilation Discharge. Exhaust from (11 4) mechanical ventilation systems shall be discharged at least twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) from a property WHERE: line or openings into buildings. Discharges capable q= Btu/h of all heat-producing equipment. of exceeding 25 percent of the LFL or 50 percent of 0= air-flow rate, cubic feet per minute (cfm). the IDLH, shall be equipped with approved Ap= pressure difference, inches water gage. treatment systems to reduce the discharge Ae = equivalent leakage area, square feet (see concentrations to these values or lower. the Building Code). A9f=gross floor area, square feet. 98 REFRIGERATION 1108.7—1111.3 Exception: When an approved engineering 1109.2 Electrical. Electrical equipment and analysis of plume dispersion demonstrates that installations shall comply with the Electrical Code. the limiting values will not be exceeded at the The refrigeration machinery room shall not be property line. required to be a hazardous (classified) location 1108.8 Fans. Fans and associated equipment except as provided in Section 1108.8. intended to operate the emergency purge of other 1109.3 Storage. Storage of materials in a than Group Al or Group 131 refrigerants shall meet refrigeration machinery room shall be as permitted the requirements for a Class I, Division 1 hazardous in the Fire Code. location as specified in the Electrical Code. 1109.4 Emergency Control. A clearly identified 1108.9 Ventilation Intake. Make-up air intakes to switch of the break-glass type providing "off'-only replace the exhaust air shall be provided to the control of electrically energized equipment and refrigeration machinery room directly from outside devices within the refrigeration machinery room the building. Intakes shall be located as required by shall be provided immediately adjacent to and other sections of the code and fitted with backdraft outside of each refrigeration machinery room exit. In dampers or similar approved flow-control means to addition, emergency shut off shall also be prevent reverse flow. Distribution of make-up air automatically activated when the concentration of shall be arranged to provide thorough mixing within refrigerant vapor exceeds 25 percent of the LFL. the refrigeration machinery room to prevent short circuiting of the make-up air directly to the exhaust. 1110.0 Refrigerant Piping, Containers and Valves 1110.1 General. Materials used in the construction 1109.0 Refrigeration Machinery Room and installation of refrigeration systems shall be Equipment and Controls suitable for the refrigerant,refrigerant oil or brine in 1109.1 General. Equipment,piping, ducts,vents or the system. Material or equipment which will similar devices which are not essential for the deteriorate due to the chemical action of the refrigeration process, maintenance of the equipment refrigerant or the oil, or combination of both, shall or for the illumination, ventilation or fire protection not be installed. of the room shall not be placed in or pass through a 1110.2 Nonferrous Materials. Copper and brass refrigeration machinery room. refrigeration piping,valves,fittings and related parts Equipment essential to the refrigeration process used in the construction and installation of often includes, but is not always limited to, the refrigeration systems shall be approved for the following: intended use. 1109.1.1 Refrigeration compressors. 1110.3 Ferrous Materials. Iron and steel 1109.1.2 Condensing units. refrigeration piping,valves,fittings and related parts 1109.1.3 Pumps, associated piping and shall be approved for the intended use. Pipe more than two (2) inches (50 mm) iron pipe size shall be automatic control valves for refrigerant, electric-resistance welded or seamless pipe. (See condenser water,and brine or chilled water. 1109.1.4 Refrigeration control devices and U.M.C.Standard 11-3 in Appendix A.) panels. 1109.1.5 Machinery room ventilation 1111.0 Erection of Refrigerant Piping equipment(see Section 1108.0). 1111.1 General. Piping and tubing shall be 1109.1.6 Cooling towers or portions thereof installed so as to prevent vibration and strains at (see Chapter 11,Part II). joints and connections. 1109.1.7 Refrigerant receivers and 1111.2 Support. In addition to the requirements of accumulators. Section 1106.2, piping and tubing shall be securely fastened to a permanent support within six (6) feet 1109.1.8 Refrigerant vapor-detection and alarm (1829 mm) following the first bend in such tubing systems(see Section 1121.0). from the compressor and within two (2) feet (610 1109.1.9 Machinery room fire sprinkler system mm) of each subsequent bend or angle. Piping and exclusive of its shutoff valves. tubing shall be supported at points not more than 1109.1.10 Machinery room lighting and service fifteen(15)feet(4572 mm)apart. receptacles. 1111.3 Protection From Damage. Refrigerant 1109.1.11 Motor control centers and electrical piping and tubing shall be installed so that it is not panels for machinery room systems. subject to damage from an external source. Soft 99 1111.3— 1113.3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE annealed copper tubing shall not be larger than 1- 1112.1.3 At the refrigerant inlet of a pressure 3/8 inch (35 mm) nominal size. Mechanical joint vessel containing liquid refrigerant and having shall not be made on tubing larger than 3/4 inch (20 an internal gross volume exceeding three (3) mm) nominal size. Soft annealed copper tubing cubic feet(108 m'). conveying refrigerant shall be enclosed in iron or Exceptions: steel piping and fittings or in conduit. molding or 1. Systems with nonpositive-displacement raceway which will properly protect the tubing compressors. against mechanical injury from an exterior source. 2. Systems having a pump-out receiver for Exceptions: storage of the charge. 1. Tubing entirely within or tubing within five 3. Systems containing less than 110 (5) feet (1524 mm) of a refrigerant compressor pounds(49.9 kg)of Group Al refrigerant. when so located that it is not subject to external 4. Self-contained systems do not require a injury. stop valve at the inlet of the receiver. 2. Copper tubing serving a dwelling unit, when such tubing contains Group Al refrigerant 1112.2 Support. Stop valves installed in copper and is placed in locations not subject to damage refrigerant lines of 3/4 inch (20 mm) or less outside from an external source. diameter shall be securely supported independently of the tubing or piping. 1111.4 Visual Inspection. Refrigerant piping and 1112.3 Access. Stop valves required by this section joints shall be exposed to view for visual inspection shall be readily accessible from the refrigeration and acceptance by the Administrative Authority machinery room floor or a level platform. prior to being covered or enclosed. 1112.4 Identification. Stop valves shall be Exception:Soft annealed copper tubing enclosed identified by tagging in accordance with U.M.C. in iron or steel piping conduit, molding or Standard No. 11-2. A valve chart shall be mounted raceway, provided there are no fittings or joints under glass at an approved location near the concealed therein. principal entrance to a refrigeration machinery room. 1111.5 Prohibited Locations. Refrigerant piping shall not be located within a required exit. 1113.0 Pressure-Limiting Devices 1111.6 Underground Piping. Refrigerant piping 1113.1 When Required. Pressure-limiting devices placed underground shall be protected against shall be provided on all systems operating above corrosion. atmospheric pressure. 1111.7 Joints. Iron or steel pipe joints shall be of Exception:Factory-sealed systems containing less approved threaded, flanged or welded types. than twenty-two (22) pounds (9.98 kg) of Group Exposed threads shall be tinned or coated with an Al refrigerant listed by an approved agency. approved corrosion inhibitor. Copper or brass pipe 1113.2 Setting. The maximum setting to which a joints of iron pipe size shall be of approved threaded, pressure-limiting device may be set by use of the flanged or brazed types. Copper tubing joints and adjusting means provided shall not exceed the connections shall be approved flared, lapped, design pressure of the high side of a system not swaged or brazed joints. protected by a pressure-relief device or ninety 1111.8 Identification. Piping shall be identified in percent(90%) of the pressure setting of the pressure- accordance with U.M.C. Standard No. 11-2.The type relief device installed on the high side of a system. of refrigerant, function and pressure shall be Exception: In systems using other than positive- indicated. displacement compressors which are protected by a pressure-relief device, the setting may be 1112.0 Refrigerant Control Valves the design pressure of the high side of the 1112.1 Location. Stop valves shall be installed in system provided the pressure-relief device is located in the low side, subject only to low-side the refrigerant piping of a refrigeration system at the pressure, and there is a permanent, unvalved following locations: relief path between the high side and the low 1112.1.1 At the inlet and outlet of a positive- side of the system. displacement-type compressor, compressor unit 1113.3 Connection. Pressure-limiting devices shall or condensing unit. be connected between the pressure imposing 1112.1.2 At the refrigerant outlet from a liquid element and stop valve on the discharge side receiver. without intervening stop valves in the line leading to the pressure-limiting device. 100 REFRIGERATION 1113.4—1117.1 1113.4 Operation. When the system is protected by liquid refrigerant shall be protected by a pressure- a pressure-relief device, the pressure-limiting device relief device. shall stop the action of the pressure imposing 1114.6 Stop Valves Prohibited. Stop valves shall element at a pressure not more than 90 percent of the not be located between a pressure-relief device and setting of the pressure-relief device. the portion of the system protected thereby. 1114.7 Location. Pressure-relief devices shall be 1114.0 Pressure-Relief Devices connected as nearly as practical to the portion of the 1114.1 General. Refrigeration systems shall be system protected thereby,above the liquid refrigerant protected by a pressure-relief device or other means level,and accessible for inspection and repair. designed to safely relieve pressure due to fire or Exception: Fusible plugs on the high side may abnormal conditions. be located above or below the liquid refrigerant 1114.2 Positive-Displacement Compressor. A level. positive-displacement compressor shall be equipped 1114.8 Materials. Seats and discs of pressure-relief by the manufacturer with a pressure-relief device of devices shall be constructed of suitable material to adequate size and pressure setting to prevent resist corrosion or other chemical action caused by the rupture of the compressor or other component refrigerant.Seats or discs of cast iron are prohibited. located between the compressor and the stop valve on the discharge side. 1114.3 Liquid-Containing Portions of Systems. 1115.0 Pressure-Relief Device Settings Liquid-containing portions of systems, including 1115.1 Pressure-Relief Valve Setting. Pressure- relief valves shall actuate at a pressure not exceeding piping, which can be isolated from pressure-relief devices required elsewhere and which can develop the design pressure of the parts of the system pressures exceeding their working design pressures protected. due to temperature rise, shall be protected by the 1115.2 Rupture Member Setting. Rupture installation of pressure-relief devices. members used in lieu of, or in series with, a relief 1114.4 Evaporators. Evaporators located within 18 valve shall have a nominal rated rupture pressure inches (457 mm) of a heating element or coil shall be not exceeding the design pressure of the parts of the fitted with a pressure-relief device. system protected. Rupture members installed ahead Exceptions: of relief-valves need not be larger, but shall not be smaller,than the relief-valve inlet. 1. Self-contained equipment. 2. Factory-built coil assemblies specifically 1116.0 Marking of Pressure-Relief Devices designed for installation on the discharge of forced-air heating units. 1116.1 Pressure-Relief Valves. Pressure-relief 3. If the connected and unvalved volume of valves for refrigerant-containing components shall the low side of the system meets the following: be set and sealed by the manufacturer or by an approved assembler. Pressure-relief valves shall be V1 > IW1 —(V2— V1)/V9i] V9c marked by the manufacturer with the data required (11-6) to show compliance with this chapter. WHERE: Exception: Relief valves for systems with design V1 = low-side volume, cubic feet. pressures of fifteen (15) psig (103.35 kPa) or less V2=total volume of system, cubic feet. may be marked by the manufacturer with W1 = total weight of refrigerant in system, pressure-setting capacity. pounds. 1116.2 Rupture Members. Rupture members for Vyt= specific volume of refrigerant vapor at refrigerant pressure vessels shall be marked with the 110°F(43°C), cubic feet per pound. data required to show compliance with this chapter. Vyc= specific volume at critical temperature and pressure, cubic feet per pound. 1116.3 Fusible Plugs. Fusible plugs shall be 4. Reheat coils using the refrigerant for heat marked with the melting temperatures in °F (°C) to recovery. show compliance with this chapter. 1114.5 Actuation. Pressure-relief devices shall be direct-pressure actuated. Each part of a refrigeration 1117.0 Over-Pressure Protection system that can be valved off and that contains one 1117.1 General. Pressure vessels shall be provided or more pressure vessels having internal diameters with over-pressure protection as required by this greater than six (6) inches (150 mm) and containing section. 101 1117.2— 1118.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 1117.2 Type of Protection. Pressure vessels with r _ three (3) cubic feet (0.085 in') internal gross volume d = 1.12 Nj C/ P, or less may use a single pressure-relief device or a (11-9) fusible plug.Pressure vessels over three(3)cubic feet WHERE: (0.085 m') but less than ten (10) cubic feet (0.283 m') C = rated discharge capacity of air, pounds per internal gross volume may use a single pressure- relief device but not a fusible plug. Pressure vessels minute. of ten(10)cubic feet(0.283 m')or more internal gross d= smallest internal diameter of the inlet pipe, volume shall use a single rupture member or dual retaining flanges, fusible plug, rupture pressure-relief valve. member, inches. 1117.3 Three-Way Valve Required. When dual For rupture members: pressure-relief valves are used,they shall be installed P, _ (Rated pressure psig x 1.10) + 14.7 with a three-way valve to allow testing or repair. (11-10) Exception: A single relief valve of the required For fusible plugs: relieving capacity may be used on low-side P, = absolute saturation pressure, pressure vessels of ten (10) cubic feet (0.283 m') corresponding to the stamped temperature or more when meeting the requirements of melting point of the fusible plug or the critical Section 1117.8,Exception 2. pressure of the refrigerant used, whichever 1117.4 Parallel Pressure-Relief Devices. Two or is smaller, psia, more pressure-relief devices in parallel to obtain the 1117.8 Discharge Location.Pressure-relief devices required capacity shall be considered as one shall discharge to the atmosphere unless otherwise pressure-relief device. The discharge capacity shall prohibited by this chapter at a location at least fifteen be the sum of the capacities required for each (15) feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level pressure vessel being protected. and at least twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) from an 1117.5 Discharge Capacity. The minimum opening into a building. The discharge termination shall be fitted with an approved diffuser directed to required discharge capacity of pressure-relief devices prevent spray of discharged refrigerant on personnel for each pressure vessel shall be determined by the or entry of foreign material or water into the following: discharge piping. Discharge piping connected to the C=fDL discharge side of a fusible plug or rupture member (11-7) shall have provisions to prevent internal plugging of WHERE: the pipe caused by the fusible plug or rupture- C= minimum required discharge capacity of the member function. relief device in pounds Exceptions: of air per minute. 1. Systems containing less than 110 pounds D=outside diameter of vessel,feet. (49.9 kg)of a Group Al refrigerant. L= length of vessel, feet. f= factor dependent upon type of refrigerant 2• A pressure-relief valve may discharge into from Table 11-3. the low side of the system, if the pressure-relief 1117.6 Rating of Pressure-Relief Valves. valve is of a type not affected by back pressure Pressure-relief valves shall be of approved types and provided the low side is equipped with capacities. The rated discharge capacity of a pressure-relief devices of equal relieving pressure-relief valve shall be expressed in pounds of capacity. The low-side pressure-relief device air per minute. Pipe and fittings between the shall be set and discharged as required by this pressure-relief valve and the parts of the system it section. Fusible plugs or rupture members shall protects shall have at least the area of the pressure- not be used for pressure relief into the low side. relief valve inlet. 1117.7 Rating of Rupture Members and Fusible 1118.0 Discharge Piping Plugs. The rated discharge capacity of a rupture The area of the discharge pipe from the pressure- member or fusible plug discharging to atmosphere relief device or fusible plug shall be at least as large under critical flow conditions in pounds of air per as the outlet area of the pressure-relief device or minute shall be determined by the following formulas: fusible plug. A discharge pipe accepting discharge C_0.8P,d2 from more than one relief device or fusible plug shall be sized and have a maximum length of the common (11-8) discharge not less than that required by the sum of 102 REFRIGERATION 1118.0—1121.3 the rated capacities of all relief valves discharging from an approved agency shall be submitted detailing into the header at the lowest pressure setting of any the emission products from the system as installed. of the relief valves discharging into the header. The maximum length of the discharge piping 1120.0 Ammonia Discharge permitted to be installed on the outlet of a pressure- Ammonia shall discharge into a tank of water which relief device shall be determined by: shall be used for no purpose except ammonia 2 5 2 absorption. At least one (1) gallon (3.785 L) of fresh L=9P d / 16C water shall be provided for each pound (454 g) of (11-11) ammonia in the system. The water used shall be WHERE: prevented from freezing without the use of salt or C = minimum required discharge capacity in chemicals. The tank shall be substantially pounds of air per minute. constructed of not less than 1/8-inch(3.2 mm)or No. d=internal diameter of pipe in inches. 10 M.S.G. steel. The horizontal dimensions of the L= length of discharge pipe in feet. tank shall be equal to or less than one half the height. For relief valves and rupture disks: The tank shall have a hinged cover or, if of the P=(rated pressure psig x 1.1)+ 14.7 enclosed type,shall have a vent hole at the top. Pipe (11-12) connections shall be through the top of the tank.The For fusible plugs: discharge pipe from the pressure-relief valves shall P, = absolute saturation pressure corresponding discharge ammonia in the center of the tank near the to the stamped temperature melting point of bottom but not more than thirty (30) feet (9144 mm) the fusible plug or the critical pressure of the below the surface of the water. refrigerant used,whichever is smaller, psia. Exception: An ammonia-water absorption unit system installed outdoors serving a dwelling unit provided the discharge is shielded and dispersed. 1119.0 Special Discharge Requirements 1119.1 General. Systems containing other than 1121.0 Detection and Alarm Systems Group Al or B1 refrigerants shall discharge to atmosphere only through an approved flaring 1121.1 General. When required by this chapter, device. approved refrigerant-vapor detection and alarm Exceptions: systems shall utilize alarm signaling devices providing a sound pressure level of at least 15 dBA 1. Ammonia systems complying with Section above the operating ambient noise sound pressure 1120.0. level of the space in which they are installed and 2. Ammonia absorption systems serving a providing an approved, distinctive visual alarm. single dwelling unit. Alarms shall be activated within the space and as 3. When the Administrative Authority required in Section 1121.3 below whenever the determines upon review of a rational refrigerant vapor PEL is exceeded. In other than engineering analysis that significant fire, health machinery rooms, such systems shall also or environmental hazard would not result from automatically stop the flow of refrigerant to the proposed atmospheric release. evaporators within the space and stop the flow of 4. Lithium bromide absorption system using refrigerant in all supply lines leaving the machine water as the refrigerant. room whenever the refrigerant vapor concentration is detected at or above 50 percent of the IDLH or 25 1119.2 Design Requirements.Flaring devices shall percent of the LEL. Detection of refrigerant vapor be designed to incinerate the entire discharge. The concentrations at or above 25 percent of the LEL products of refrigerant incineration shall not pose shall automatically de-energize all electrical power health or environmental hazards. Incineration shall within the space which does not meet the be automatic upon initiation of discharge, shall be requirement for a Class I. Division 1, Group D designed to prevent blow-back and shall not expose electrical installation. structures or materials to threat of fire. Standby fuel, 1121.2 power and Supervision. Detection and such as LPG, and standby power shall have the alarm systems shall be powered and supervised as capacity to operate for one and one half the required required for fire alarm systems in the Fire Code. time for complete incineration of the charge. 1119.3 Testing. Flaring systems shall be tested to 1121.3 Annunciation. Detection and alarm systems shall be annunciated for all refrigerants at an demonstrate their safety and effectiveness. A report approved location in accordance with the Fire Code. 103 1121.4— 1125.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 1121.4 Installation, Maintenance and Testing. 2. Refrigeration systems containing R-22, not Detection and alarm systems shall be installed, exceeding 5 tons of refrigeration capacity (17.58 maintained and tested in accordance with the Fire kW) and field piped using approved, factory- Code. charged line sets may be proved tight by observing retention of pressure on a set of 1122.0 Equipment Identification charging gages and soaping connections while the system is operating. In addition to labels required elsewhere in this code, 1123.3 Test Medium. Oxygen, flammable or a refrigeration system shall be provided with labels combustible gases or gas mixtures shall not be used complying with the requirements of this section. for leak testing. The means used to build up the test 1122.1 A condenser,receiver,absorber,accumulator pressure shall have either a pressure-limiting device and similar equipment having an internal volume of or a pressure-reducing device with a pressure-relief more than three (3) cubic feet (0.085 ml) and device and a gage on the outlet side. The pressure- containing refrigerant shall be equipped with a relief device shall be set above the test pressure but permanent label setting forth the type of refrigerant low enough to prevent permanent deformation of in such vessel. system components. 1122.2 In a refrigeration machinery room and for a 1123.4 Declaration. A dated declaration of test direct refrigerating system of more than ten (10) shall be provided for systems containing fifty-five horsepower (7.457 kW), there shall be a permanent (55) pounds (24.95 kg) or more of refrigerant. The sign at an approved location giving the following declaration shall give the name and number information: designation of the refrigerant and the field test 1122.2.1 Name of contractor installing pressure applied to the high side and the low side of equipment. the system. The declaration of test shall be signed by 1122.2.2 Name and number designation of the installer. refrigerant in system. 1123.5 Brine Systems.Brine-containing portions of a 1122.2.3 Pounds of refrigerant in system. system shall be tested at one and one half times design pressure of the system using brine as the test fluid. 1123.0 Testing of Refrigeration Equipment 1123.1 Factory Tests. Refrigerant-containing parts 1124.0 Maintenance and Operation of units shall be tested and proved tight by the Refrigeration systems shall be operated and manufacturer at the design pressure for which it is maintained as required by the Fire Code. rated. The test pressure applied to the high side of each factory-assembled refrigeration system shall be 1125.0 Storage of Refrigerants and Refrigerant equal to the design pressure of the high side.The test Oils pressure applied to the low side of each factory- assembled refrigeration system shall be equal to the Refrigerants and refrigerant oils not charged design pressure of the low side. within the refrigeration system shall be stored as required by the Fire Code. Exception: Units with a design pressure of fifteen (15) psig (103.42 kPa) or less shall be tested at a pressure not less than 1.33 times the design pressure. 1123.2 Field Tests. Refrigerant-containing parts of a system that is field erected shall be tested and proved tight to the satisfaction of the Administrative Authority after complete installation and before operation. The high and low side of each system shall be tested and proved tight at not less than the lower of the pressure in Table 11-4 or the setting of the pressure-relief device. Exceptions: 1. Compressors, condensers, evaporators, coded pressure vessels, safety devices, pressure gages, control mechanisms and systems that are factory tested. 104 REFRIGERATION Table 11-1 TABLE 11-1 Refrigerant Groups', Properties2 and Allowable Quantities' x o.o1s=kg/m3 Chemical Abstract LFL' Specific Pounds Refrig- Chemical Chemical Name` Service Safety PEL6 IDLH6 (%V Gravity per 1000 cf erant Formula (Composition for Blends) Number Group' (ppm) (ppm) in air) (air=1) of Space' R-11 CC13F Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 All 1000' 500010 N/A 4.74 1.60 R-12 CCI2F2 Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 Al 1000 50,000 N/A 4.17 12.00 R-22 CHCI172 Chlorodifluoromethane 75-45-6 Al 1000' 50,00012 N/A 2.99 9.40 R-113 CCI2FCCIF2 1,1,2-tichloro-1,2,2 76-13-1 Al 1000 4500 N/A 6.47 1.90 trifluoroethane R-114 CCIF2CCIF2 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2 76-14-2 Al 1000 50,000 N/A 5.90 9.40 -tetraflouroethane R-123 CHC12CF3 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1, 306-83-2 B1 10" 400012 N/A 5.28 0.4 -trifluoroethane R-134a CF3CH2F 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 811-97-5 Al 100011 50'00012 N/A 3.52 16.00 R-500 azeotrope R-12/152a(73.8/26.2) Al 1,00011 50'00012 N/A 3.43 12.00 73.8% CCI2F2 Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 26.2% CH3CHF2 1,1-difluoroethane 75-37-6 R-502 azeotrope R-22/115(48.8/51.2) Al 100011 50,00012 N/A 3.85 19.00 48% CHCIF2 Chlorodifluoroethane 75-45-6 51.2% CCIF2CF3 1-chloro-1,1,2,2,2 76-15-3 pentafluoroethane R-717 NH3 Ammonia 7664-41-7 B2 5013 500 15.5 0.59 0.022 R-744 CO2 Carbon Dioxide 124-38-9 Al 5000 50,000 N/A 1.52 5.70 1 Refrigerant safety group designation is in accordance with Section 1102.0. 2 Refrigerant properties are those needed for this chapter. 3 Allowable quantities are for high-probability systems under Section 1103.0 only. 4 Chemical name shown is the preferred name. 5 PEL is that designated in 29 CFR 1910.1000 unless otherwise indicated. 6 IDLH is that designated by NIOSH unless otherwise designated. 7 LFL is percent refrigerant by volume in air at 68°F(20°C)and 29.92 in Hg(101.3 kPa);"not applicable(not flame limits)". 8 Pounds of refrigerant in a high-probability system per 1000 cubic feet(28.3 kg/m3)of occupied space.See Section 1104.0.This column does not apply to refrigerant machinery rooms or areas covered by Section 1106.0. 9 The PEL value shown is the TLV-C recommended by ACGIH. 10 The IDLH value shown is reduced from that designated by NIOSH in light of cardiac sensitization potential. 11 A PEL has not yet been established;the value given was determined in a consistent manner. 12 An IDLH has not yet been established;the value given was determined in a consistent manner. 13 OSHA PEL is 50 ppm;ACGIH TLV-TWA is 25 ppm. 105 Table 11-2—Table 11-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 11-2 Permissible Refrigeration Systems' Occupancy Group High-Probability Low-Probability Machinery and Division System System Room A-1 Group Al only Any Any A-2.1 Group Al only Any Any A-3 Group Al only Any Any A-4 Group Al only Any Any B Group Al only' Any Any E-1 Group Al only Any Any E-2 Group Al only Any Any E-3 Group Al only Any Any F-1 Group Al only' Any Any F-2 Any2 Any Any H-1 Any Any Any H-2 Any Any Any H-3 Any Any Any H-4 Group Al only Any Any H-5 Group Al only Any Any H-6 Group Al only Any Any H-7 Any Any Any 1-1.1 None Any Any 1-1.2 Group Al only Any Any 1-2 Group Al only Any Any 1-3 None Any Any M Group Al only' Any Any R-1 Group Al only Any Any R-2 Group Al only Any Any R-3 Group Al only Any Any S-1 Group Al only' Any Any S-2 Any' Any Any S-3 Group Al only Any Any S-4 Group Al only Any Any S-5 Group Al only Any Any U-1 Any Any Any U-2 N/A N/A N/A 'See Section 1105.0. N/A—Not applicable. 'Any refrigerant may be used within a high-probability system when the room or space complies with Section 1105.3. TABLE 11-3 Value of ffor Equation 11-7 Refrigerant Number f 11 1.0 12 1.6 22 1.6 113 1.0 114 1.6 115 2.5 123 1.0 134a 1.6 152a 1.0 500 1.6 502 2.5 717 0.5 744 1.0 106 REFRIGERATION Table 11-4—1133.0 TABLE 11-4 Field Leak Test Pressures in psig(kPa) Refrigerant High Side High Side Number Water Cooled Air Cooled Low Side 11 15 35 15 12 140 220 140 22 230 360 230 113 15 15 15 114 40 80 40 115 275 340 275 123 15 30 15 134a 150 250 150 152a 130 220 130 500 165 265 165 502 250 385 250 717 235 390 235 744" N/A N/A N/A (psi x 6.89476=kPa) 'Special design required;test pressures typically exceed 1000 psig (6890 kPa). N/A—Not applicable. Part II—Cooling Towers Fire Code. When chemicals used present a contact hazard to personnel, approved emergency eye-wash and shower facilities shall be installed. 1126.0 General Cooling towers, evaporative condensers and fluid 1131.0 Location coolers shall be readily accessible. When located on roofs, such equipment, having combustible exterior Cooling towers, evaporative condensers and fluid surfaces, shall be protected with an approved coolers shall be located such that their plumes cannot automatic fire-extinguishing system. enter occupied spaces. Plume discharges shall be at least five(5)feet(1524 mm)above or twenty(20)feet (6096 mm) away from any ventilation inlet to a 1127.0 Support and Anchorage building. Location on the property shall be as Cooling towers, evaporative condensers and fluid required for buildings by the Building Code. coolers shall be supported on noncombustible grillage designed in accordance with the Building Code. Seismic restraints shall be as required by the 1132.0 Electrical Building Code. Electrical systems shall be in accordance with the Electrical Code. Equipment shall be provided with a vibration switch to shut off fans operating with 1128.0 Water Supply excessive vibration. In climates commonly subject to Water supplies and backflow protection shall be as electrical storms, lightening protection shall be required by the Uniform Plumbing Code. provided on roof-mounted equipment. 1129.0 Drainage 1133.0 Refrigerants and Hazardous Fluids Drains, overflows and blow-down provisions shall Equipment containing refrigerants as a part of a have indirect connection to an approved disposal closed-cycle refrigeration system shall comply with location. Discharge of chemical waste shall be as Part I of this chapter. Equipment containing other approved by the appropriate regulatory authority. fluids which are flammable, combustible or hazardous shall comply with the Fire Code. 1130.0 Chemical Treatment Systems Chemical treatment systems shall comply with the 107 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 108 CHAPTER 12 HYDRONICS Part I—Steam and Water Piping dimple/depth stops to insure that penetration of the branch tube into 1201.0 Scope the collar is of sufficient depth for brazing and that the branch tube Steam and water piping systems which are part of a does not obstruct the flow in the heating or cooling system, shall comply with the main line tube.Dimple/depth stops following requirements: shall be in line with the run of the 1201.1 Those portions of piping systems in which tube. The second dimple shall be the pressure exceeds 160 psig (1103 kPa) or the 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) above the first temperature exceeds 250OF(121°C)shall comply with and shall serve as a visual point of nationally recognized standards approved by the inspection. Administrative Authority and the requirements of All joints shall be brazed in Section 1201.2 accordance with Section 212.0. Soft 1201.2 Those portions of piping systems in which soldered joints shall not be allowed. the pressure does not exceed 160 psig(1103 kPa)and 1201.2.1.4.3 Welding fittings shall be the temperature does not exceed 250°F (121°C) shall black steel. comply with the following requirements: 1201.2.1.4.4 Fittings for asbestos- 1201.2.1 Materials and Construction cement shall be cast iron. 1201.2.1.1 Pipe. Pipe shall be brass, 1201.2.1.5 Pipe Joint Compound. Pipe copper, cast iron, galvanized or black joint compound shall be noncorrosive and wrought iron, galvanized or black steel, or insoluble in the material being carried in the other approved materials. pipe. 1201.2.1.2 Tubing. Tubing shall be copper 1201.2.1.6 Protective Coatings. Protective water tube. coatings shall be watertight, durable, heat 1201.2.1.3 Valves. Valves up through two resistant, electrically nonconductive and (2) inches (50 mm) in size shall be brass, tightly adherent to the pipe. malleable iron, or steel bodies. Each gate 1201.2.1.7 Fluxes. Fluxes for solder,sweat valve shall be a full-way type with working and brazed joints shall be a noncorrosive parts of noncorrosive metal. type and suitable for the use intended. 1201.2.1.4 Fittings 1201.2.1.8 Insulation. Coverings or 1201.2.1.4.1 Plain screwed fittings insulation used on hot-water or steam pipes shall be brass, bronze, cast iron or shall be of materials suitable for the galvanized or black malleable iron, or operating temperature of the system. The galvanized or black steel. insulation, jackets and lap-seal adhesives 1201.2.1.4.2 Fittings for copper tubing shall be tested as a composite product and shall be wrought copper, wrought shall have a flame spread of not more than bronze or cast brass. 25 and a smoke-developed rating of not 1201.2.1.4.2.1 Mechanically more than 50 when tested in accordance Formed Tee Fittings.Mechanically with building code standards. extracted collars shall be formed in 1201.2.1.9 Flashing Material. Flashings a continuous operation consisting shall be lead, copper, galvanized iron or of drilling a pilot hole and drawing other approved materials. out the tube surface to form a collar 1201.2.1.10 Gaskets. Flange gaskets shall having a height not less than three be metal, asbestos or other approved times the thickness of the branch materials. tube wall. 1201.2.1.11 Hangers and Anchors. The branch tube shall be Hangers and anchors shall be suitable for notched to conform with the inner the use intended. curve of the run tube and have two 109 1201.2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 1201.2.1.12 Sleeves. Sleeves shall be of joints in brass and copper piping shall be steel,cast iron or wrought iron pipe,or tile. threaded, brazed, welded, flanged or 1201.2.1.13 Standards. All piping, tubing, mechanical type. valves,joints, fittings, devices and materials 1201.2.3.2 Cast-Iron Piping. joints in cast- shall be free of defects and comply with iron pipe shall be threaded, flanged or nationally recognized standards approved mechanical type. by the Administrative Authority. 1201.2.3.3 Galvanized Wrought-Iron and 1201.2.1.14 Marking. Materials and Galvanized Steel Piping. joints in devices shall be suitably identified. In galvanized wrought-iron and galvanized addition to the incised marking required in steel piping shall be threaded, flanged or the standards,all hard-drawn copper tubing mechanical type. shah be marked by means of a continuous 1201.2.3.4 Black Wrought-Iron Piping. and indelible colored stripe,at least 1/4 inch joints in black wrought-iron piping shall be (6.4 mm.)in width as follows: threaded, brazed, welded, flanged or Type I,-Blue mechanical type,except that joints built into Type K-Green or embedded in concrete or masonry shall Type M-Red be welded. 1201.2.1.15 Other Materials. Other 1201.2.3.5 Black Steel Piping. joints in materials and construction may be installed black steel piping shall be threaded,brazed, as provided in this chapter or in their welded,flanged or mechanical type. approval, provided that they are first 1201.2.3.6 Asbestos-Cement Piping. acceptable to the Administrative Authority joints in asbestos-cement piping shall be and are equivalent, for the use intended, to mechanical type and suitable for the service those specified in this chapter. temperature intended. 1201.2.2 Fabrication of Joints. joints shall be 1201.2.3.7 Copper Water Tubing.Joints in made by use of fittings except as otherwise copper tubing shall be soldered, sweated or permitted in this chapter. brazed, except that joints under a building 1201.2.2.1 Screwed Joints. Threads on and in or under any concrete slab resting on iron pipe size (I.P.S. pipe) shall be standard the ground shall be silver brazed, or equal, taper pipe threads. All burrs shall be and fittings shall be of wrought copper. removed. Pipe ends shall be reamed or filed Mechanically formed tee fittings are also out to full size of bore and all chips shall be acceptable when brazed and installed in removed. accordance with Section 1201.2.1.4. All solder and sweat joints may be made with 1201.2.2.2 Solder Joints. Surfaces to be q5 percent tin-5 percent antimony solder. joined by soldering shall be cleaned bright However, if the steam pressure does not by manual or mechanical means. The joints exceed fifteen (15) psig (103 kPa) nor the shall be properly fluxed using a listed water pressure exceed thirty (30) psig (206 soldering flux. (See Soldering Fluxes in kPa), then fifty (50) percent tin—fifty (50) Referenced Standards, Chapter 16, Part II of percent lead solder may be used. Lead- this code).Tubing shall be reamed out to the based solders shall not be used in piping conveying potable water. 1201.2.2.3 Welded Joints. Welding shall 1201.2.3.8 Piping to Tubing. Joints be performed in accordance with nationally connecting piping to tubing shall be made recognized standards approved by the with adapter fittings connected as required Administrative Authority. in Sections 1201.2.3.1 through 1201.2.3.7. 1201.2.2.4 Flanged Joints. Flanged joints 1201.2.4 Changes in Direction. Changes in shall be tightened evenly and provided with direction shall be made by the appropriate use of suitable nuts,bolts and gaskets. fittings,except that changes in direction in copper 1201.2.2.5 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical tubing may be made with bends having a radius joints shall comply with nationally not less than six diameters of the tubing,provided recognized standards. that such bends are made by the use of forming 1201.2.3 Connections equipment which does not deform or reduce 1201.2.3.1 Brass and Copper Piping. appreciably the cross-sectional area of the tubing. 110 HYDRONICS 1201.2 1201.2.5 Changes in Pipe Sizes. Where Type L—for steam condenser cooling different sizes of pipe or pipe and fittings are to water lines, underground water lines, be connected, the proper size increasers or and aboveground water lines; Type reducer fittings shall be used between the two M—for aboveground water lines not sizes. When the branch is at least two sizes embedded in concrete or masonry. smaller than the main, weldolets or threadolets 1201.2.7.3 Piping Embedded in may be used in lieu of welding tees. Bushings Structure. Piping shall not be built into or shall not be used. Eccentric reducing fittings embedded in concrete or masonry, except shall be used wherever necessary to provide free where used for radiant panel heating or drainage of lines. cooling, black steel pipe, wrought-iron 1201.2.6 Hangers and Supports. All piping piping or Type L copper tubing may be so and equipment shall be adequately supported to embedded. the satisfaction of the Administrative Authority. 1201.2.7.4 Cutting Structure. Structural Hot-water and steam piping shall be supported, members shall not be seriously weakened or anchored,provided with swing joints,expansion impaired by cutting or notching. loops or joints,or other means to avoid excessive strain on piping, equipment, or the building 1201.2.7.5 Providing for Expansion, structure to the satisfaction of the Contraction and Settling. Piping shall be Administrative Authority. installed so that piping, connections and equipment shall not be subjected to 1201.2.6.1 Vertical Piping—Attachment. excessive strains or stresses and provisions Vertical piping and tubing shall be secured shall be made for expansion, contraction, at sufficiently close intervals to keep the shrinkage,and structural settlement. pipe in alignment and carry the weight of 1201.2.7.6 Circulation. Piping shall the pipe and contents. provide adequate circulation. Piping shall 1201.2.6.2 Horizontal Piping be graded so that all gases can move in the 1201.2.6.2.1 Supports. Horizontal direction of the water flow to a vented piping and tubing shall be supported at section of the system. When sections of a sufficiently close intervals to keep it in piping system cannot be installed with the alignment and prevent excessive required grade, such sections shall be sagging. provided with automatic or manual air 1201.2.6.2.2 In Ground. Piping and vents whose discharge is piped to an tubing in the ground shall be laid on a approved location. Steam traps shall be firm bed for its entire length, except provided where required. where support is otherwise provided, 1201.2.7.7 Underground Piping which is adequate in the judgment of 1201.2.7.7.1 Cinders and Other the Administrative Authority. Asbestos- Corrosive Material Fills. All piping cement piping shall be provided with passing through or under cinder or adequate blocking. other corrosive fill materials shall be 1201.2.7 Installation suitably protected from corrosion. 1201.2.7.1 Same Materials Required. All Exception: Where a soil analysis by piping materials used, except valves and an acceptable testing laboratory similar devices, shall be of a like material, shows the soil to be free of materials except as otherwise acceptable to the which may corrode the pipe to be Administrative Authority. installed, the requirements for 1201.2.7.2 Wall Thickness protective coatings may be waived. 1201.2.7.2.1 Piping shall be at least 1201.2.7.7.2 Beneath Buildings. standard weight brass or copper, Class Piping installed within a building and 150 cast iron, standard weight wrought in,or under,a concrete floor slab resting iron, ASTM Schedule 40 steel, or on the ground shall be installed as suitable asbestos-cement of adequate follows: pressure rating. Ferrous Piping. Ferrous piping 1201.2.7.2.2 Tubing shall be at least: shall be galvanized and covered Type K—for condensate return lines; with an approved protective coating. ill 1201.2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Copper Tubing. Copper tubing 1201.2.7.8.6 Asbestos-Cement shall be installed without joints, Piping. Asbestos-cement piping shall where possible. not be installed within any building. Asbestos-Cement. Asbestos- 1201.2.7.8.7 Roof and Wall cement pipe shall not be installed Openings. Joints at the roof around beneath any building. pipes or appurtenances shall be made 1201.2.7.7.3 Outside of Buildings watertight by the use of approved Black Wrought Iron and Black flashings or flashing material. Exterior Steel. Black wrought-iron and wall openings shall be made watertight. black steel piping shall be protected 1201.2.7.8.8 Drainage. Means shall be against corrosion by an approved provided to drain all piping. pipe wrapping. 1201.2.7.8.9 Freezing. Where Asbestos-Cement. Asbestos- required,piping outside of a building or cement piping shall be installed in in an exterior wall shall be protected accordance with the manufacturer's from freezing. recommendations, but shall not be 1201.2.7.9 Trenches and Tunnels installed within two (2) feet (610 1201.2.7.9.1 Protection of Structure. mm)of any building. Trenches deeper than the footings of a 12 01.2.7.7.4 Under Walls or building or structure and paralleling the Foundations. Piping passing under same shall be at least 45 degrees walls or foundations shall be protected therefrom, unless otherwise permitted from breakage. by the Administrative Authority. 1201.2.7.7.5 Openings into Buildings. 1201.2.7.9.2 Mechanical Equipment. Voids around piping passing through Use of mechanical excavating equipment concrete or masonry floors or walls shall is prohibited within two(2)feet(610 mm) be appropriately sealed at the opening of existing piping or appurtenances. into the building. Sleeves shall be provided at such openings. 1201.2.7.9.3 Tunneling and Driving. 1201.2.7.8 Aboveground Piping Tunnels shall, before backfilling, have a clear height of two (2) feet (609.6 mm) 1201.2.7.8.1 Sleeves. Sleeves shall be above the pipe and shall be limited in provided to protect all piping through length to one half the depth of the concrete and masonry walls. trench,with a maximum length of eight 1201.2.7.8.2 Insulation. The (8) feet (2438.4 mm). When pipes are temperature of surfaces within normal driven, the drive pipe shall be at least reach of building occupants shall not one size larger than the pipe to be laid. exceed 140°F (60°C), unless they are 1201.2.7.9.4 Backfilling. Excavations protected by suitable insulation. Where shall be completely backfilled as soon sleeves are installed, any insulation after inspection as practicable. Adequate shall continue full-sized through them. precaution shall be taken to ensure 1201.2.7.8.3 Lining. Combustible proper compaction of backfill around portions of unventilated spaces which piping without damage to such piping. contain piping or devices whose outside Trenches shall be backfilled in thin layers temperature, including insulation, to twelve (12) inches (304.8 mm) above exceeds 140°F(60°C),shall be lined with the top of the piping with clean earth No.24 gage(0.021 inch) (0.53 mm)steel, which shall not contain stones,boulders, or 1/4-inch-thick (6.4 mm) insulating cinder-fill or other materials which millboard. would damage or break the piping or 1201.2.7.8.4 Clearance. There shall be cause corrosive action. Mechanical at least one (1) inch(25.4 mm) clearance devices such as bulldozers, graders, etc., from the structure around steam pipes. may then be used to complete backfill to 12 01.2.7.8.5 Exposed Piping. grade. Fill shall be properly compacted. Exposed piping subject to excessive Suitable precautions shall be taken to corrosion, erosion, or mechanical ensure permanent stability for pipe laid damage shall be suitably protected. in filled or made ground. 112 HYDRONICS 1201.2— 1201.4 1201.2.8 Pressure Testing 1201.4.1 Materials and Construction 1201.2.8.1 Responsibility. The equipment, 1201.4.1.1 PEX Tubing. Tubing shall be material and labor necessary for inspection copper tube size, SDR-9 cross-linked or test shall be furnished by the person to polyethylene (PEX) conforming to ASTM whom the permit is issued or by whom F876. PEX tubing and fittings shall be inspection is requested. installed in accordance with the 1201.2.8.2 Media. The piping shall be manufacturer's recommended installation tested with water. instructions. 1201.2.8.3 Pressure Test. Piping shall be 1201.4.1.2 Fittings. Fittings shall be tested with a hydrostatic pressure of not less manufactured and tested in accordance with than 100 psig(689 kPa),but at least fifty (50) the nationally recognized standards. psig (345 kPa) greater than operating 1201.4.1.3 Insulation. Coverings and pressure. This pressure shall be maintained insulation used for hot-water pipes shall be for at least thirty (30) minutes. Required of material suitable for the operating tests shall be conducted by the owner or temperature of the system. The insulation, contractor in the presence of an authorized jackets and lap-seal adhesives shall be tested inspector. The piping being tested shall as a composite product and shall have a remain exposed to the inspector and shall flame spread of not more than 25 and a not leak during the test. smoke-developed rating of not more than 50 1201.2.8.4 Moved Structures. Piping when tested in accordance with building systems of a building and parts thereof, that code standards. are moved from one foundation to another, 1201.4.1.4 Hangers, Sleeves and shall be completely tested as prescribed Anchors. Hangers, sleeves and anchors elsewhere in this section for new work, shall be suitable for the use intended as except that walls or floors need not be recommended by the manufacturer's removed during such test when equivalent installation instructions. means of inspection acceptable to the 1201.4.1.5 Standards. All piping, tubing Administrative Authority are provided. and fittings materials shall be free of defects 1201.2.8.5 Test Waived. No test or and comply with nationally recognized inspection shall be required where a system, standards approved by the Administrative or part thereof, is set up for exhibition Authority. purposes and has no connection with a 1201.4.1.6 Marking. Materials and devices water system. shall be suitably identified. 1201.2.8.6 Exceptions. In cases where it 1201.4.2 Fabrication of Joints. All jointing would be impractical to provide the methods shall meet the performance aforementioned tests, or for minor requirements set forth in ASTM F877.Joints shall installations and repairs, the Administrative be made by one or more of the following Authority at his discretion may make such methods: inspection as he deems advisable in order to 1201.4.2.1 Crimp/Insert Fittings. Insert assure himself that the work has been fittings of metal with crimp rings of copper performed in accordance with the intent of this chapter. may be used. 1201.4.2.2 Compression Fittings.Metallic 1201.4 Those portions of the hot-water piping systems in which the continuous pressure- fittings utilizing compression seals are temperature relationship does not exceed the acceptable. following may be constructed of cross-linked 1201.4.2.3 Cold Expansion Fittings. Cold polyethylene (PEX) tubing of SDR-9 conforming to expansion fittings utilizing a PEX specification ASTM F876 and F877. reinforcing ring or metal compression sleeve Temperature°F(°C) Pressure,psi(kPa) may be used. 73(23) 160(1103) 1201.4.2.4 Transition Fittings. Connections to other piping materials shall 180(82) 100(689) be made of approved types of special 200(93) 80(550) transition fittings. 1201.4.3 Changes in Direction. Changes in 113 1201.4— 1207.0 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE direction shall be made by the appropriate use of heat pumps or solar heat collector systems. The latter fittings or with pipe bends having a radius of system may include booster or back-up heating units. not less than six times the outside diameter of Systems shall be protected by pressure- the tubing. No forming equipment or heating is temperature relief valves as outlined in this code. required. 1207.0 Testing Part II—Hydronic Panel Heating Systems Approved piping or tubing installed as a portion of a radiant panel system that will be embedded in the 1202.0 Scope walls, floors or ceilings of the building it is designed The purpose of this part is to establish and provide to heat shall be tested for leaks by the hydrostatic minimum standards for the protection of public test method by applying at least 100 psi (689 kPa) health, welfare and property by regulating and Water pressure or one and one-half times the controlling the design and installation of panel operating pressure,whichever is greater. heating systems. For metal piping, a pressure gage shall be connected to the piping, and after the pressure has 1203.0 Installation been raised, the hydrostatic pressure connection shall be discontinued, and the systems under 1203.1 Panel systems shall be designed and pressure shall remain at the test pressure for a installed in accordance with installation standards sufficient period of time to determine whether any incorporated in Chapter 16, Part II, Panel Heating, leaks exist in the system. Leaks shall be indicated by and the requirements of this code. the pressure drop on the gage. The minimum test 1203.2 Piping to be embedded in concrete shall be period shall be 30 minutes. pressure tested prior to pouring concrete. During For flexible plastic piping, the test pressure shall pouring, the pipe shall be maintained at the be applied for a period of 30 minutes. During this proposed operating pressure. time, the system shall be maintained at the test pressure by the periodic addition of makeup water to 1204.0 Piping Materials compensate for the initial stretching of the pipe. The 1204.1 Panel. Piping for heating panel shall be system shall then be visually inspected for tightness. standard—weight steel pipe, Type L copper tubing, Tests for tightness of radiant piping systems PEX or other approved plastic pipe or tubing rated at shall be witnessed by the Administrative Authority. 100 psi (689 kPa) at 180°F (82°C) in accordance with design stresses listed in Chapter 16, Part 11, or other materials suitable for this type of design approved by the Administrative Authority. 1204.2 Hot-Water Supply Lines. Piping for hot- water supply lines shall be installed according to requirements in Chapter 10. 1205.0 Piping Joints Joints of pipe or tubing forming the panel that are embedded in a portion of the building, for example, concrete or plaster, shall be in accordance with the following: 1205.1 Steel pipe welded with electrical arc or oxygen/acetylene method. 1205.2 Copper tubing joined with solder or copper brazing rods having a melting point of 1000°F(538°C). 1206.0 Heat Sources Heat sources for generating hot water for use in hydronic panel radiant heating systems shall include conventional fossil fuel, hot water boilers, electrical resistance heated boilers, air/water or water/water 114 HYDRONICS THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. 115 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. 116 CHAPTER 13 FUEL GAS PIPING See Appendix B Chapter 13. Part I is Chapter 12 of the Uniform Plumbing Code, published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. Part II is the gas piping requirements from Appendix E of the Uniform Plumbing Code. This appendix chapter provides requirements which may be adopted as part of the code by the Administrative Authority. 117 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 118 CHAPTER 14 PROCESS PIPING 1401.0 General container utilized for confinement of material, The regulations of this chapter shall govern the Whether a solid,liquid or gas. installation of process piping in or in conjunction 1403.0 Permit with a building or structure or located upon the It shall be unlawful to install,alter or repair or cause premises. to be installed, altered or repaired any process material piping without first obtaining a permit. 1402.0 Definitions Permits for process piping shall show the total For the purposes of this chapter, certain terms, number of outlets to be provided for on each system phrases, words, and their derivatives shall be and such other information as may be required by interpreted as set forth in this section. the Administrative Authority. APPROVED.See Section 203.0. Fees for process piping permits are included in EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM is a system Table 1-1. intended to provide the indication and warning of abnormal conditions and summon appropriate aid. 1404.0 Plans Required EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION is an Plans, engineering calculations, diagrams and other approved location on the premises where signals data shall be submitted in one or more sets with each from emergency equipment are received. application for a permit. The Administrative FABRICATION AREA (FAB AREA) is an area Authority may require plans, computations and within a Group H Occupancy semiconductor specifications to be prepared and designed by an fabrication facility and related research and engineer licensed by the state to practice as such. development areas in which there are processes When plans or other data are submitted for involving hazardous production materials. Such review, a plan review fee shall be paid, as provided areas are allowed to include ancillary rooms or areas in Section 115.3. such as dressing rooms and offices that are directly related to the fab area processes. 1405.0 Workmanship HAZARDOUS PROCESS PIPING (HPP) is a Process piping shall not be strained or bent,nor shall process material piping or tubing conveying a liquid tanks, vessels, vats, appliances or cabinets be or gas that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health, supported by or develop strain or stress on the flammability or reactivity of Class 3 or 4, as ranked by the Fire Code. piping HPM STORAGE ROOM is a room used for the storage or dispensing of hazardous production 1406.0 Inspections material (HPM) and which is classified as a Group 1406.1 General. Upon completion of the H,Division 1 or Division 2 Occupancy. installation, alteration or repair of process piping, NONHAZARDOUS PROCESS PIPING (NPP) is and prior to the use thereof, the Administrative production material piping or tubing conveying a Authority shall be notified that such piping is ready liquid or gas which is not classified as hazardous for inspection. production material piping. Excavations required for the installation of PROCESS PIPING is piping or tubing which underground piping shall be kept open until such conveys liquid or gas and which is used directly in time as the piping has been inspected and approved. research, laboratory or production processes and If any such piping is covered or concealed before which is not regulated under the mechanical or such approval,it shall be exposed upon the direction plumbing code. of the Administrative Authority. SERVICE CORRIDOR is a fully enclosed passage 1406.2 Required Inspections. The Administrative used for transporting hazardous production Authority shall make the following inspections and materials and purposes other than required exiting. shall either approve that portion of the work as USE(MATERIAL)is the placing in action or making completed,or shall notify the permit holder wherein available for service by opening or connecting any the same fails to comply with this code. 119 1406.2—1407.2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 1406.2.1 Rough Piping Inspection. This directing any spilled materials to an approved inspection shall be made after all process piping containment or drainage system. authorized by the permit has been installed,and All liquid HPP waste or drainage systems before any such piping has been covered or shall be installed in accordance with the concealed. This inspection shall include a plumbing code. determination that the piping size, material and 1407.2.2 Installation in Exit Corridors and installation meet the requirements of this code. Above Other Occupancies. Hazardous process 1406.2.2 Final Piping Inspection. This supply pipe shall not be located within exit inspection shall be made after all piping corridors, within any portion of a means of authorized by the permit has been installed and egress required to be enclosed in fire-resistive after all portions thereof which are to be covered construction or in concealed spaces in or above or concealed are so concealed. This inspection areas not classified as Group H Occupancies, shall include a pressure test, at which time the except as permitted by this subsection. piping shall stand a pressure of not less than one Hazardous production material piping and and one-half times the maximum designed operating pressure when hydraulic testing is tubing may be installed within the space defined conducted or 110 percent when testing is by the walls of exit corridors and the floor or conducted pneumatically.Test pressures shall be roof above or in concealed spaces above other held for a length of time satisfactory to the occupancies under the following conditions: Administrative Authority,but in no case for less 1407.2.2.1 Automatic sprinklers shall be than 30 minutes with no perceptible drop in installed within the space, unless the space pressure. HPM drain, waste, and vent piping is less than six (6) inches (152 mm) in least shall be tested in accordance with the Plumbing dimension. Code. Tests shall be made in the presence of the 1407.2.2.2 Ventilation at not less than six Administrative Authority. Necessary apparatus air changes per hour shall be provided. The for conducting tests shall be furnished by the space shall not be used to convey air from permit holder. any other area. 1406.3 Other Inspections. In addition to the 1407.2.2.3 When the piping or tubing is inspections required by this section, the used to transport HPP liquids, a receptor Administrative Authority may require a special shall be installed below such piping or inspector, as specified in the Building Code, tubing. The receptor shall be designed to during installation of piping systems. In cases collect any discharge or leakage and drain it where the work authorized was installed in to an approved location. The one-hour accordance with plans and specifications prepared enclosure shall not be used as part of the by an engineer,the Administrative Authority may receptor. require a final signed report stating that the work was installed in accordance with the approved 1407.2.2.4 All HPP supply piping and plans and specifications and the applicable tubing and HPP nonmetallic waste lines provisions of this chapter. shall be separated from the exit corridor and from any occupancy other than semiconductor fabrication facility classified 1407.0 Piping and Tubing as a Group H Occupancy by construction as 1407.1 General. Process piping and tubing shall required for walls or partitions that have a comply with this subsection and shall be installed in fire-protection rating of not less than one- accordance with nationally recognized standards. hour. When gypsum wallboard is used, Piping and tubing systems shall be metallic unless joints on the piping side of the enclosure the material being transported is incompatible with need not be taped,provided the joints occur such system. over framing members. Access openings 1407.2 Hazardous Process Piping(HPP) into the enclosure shall be protected by 1407.2.1 General. HPP supply piping or tubing approved fire assemblies. in service corridors shall be exposed to view. 1407.2.2.5 Readily accessible manual or HPP piping shall be identified in accordance automatic remotely activated fail-safe with nationally recognized standards to indicate emergency shutoff valves shall be installed the material being transported. All liquid HPP on piping and tubing other than waste lines piping shall have an approved means for at the following locations: 120 PROCESS PIPING 1407.2-1407.3 1407.2.2.5.1 At branch connections into the fabrication area. 1407.2.2.5.2 At entries into exit corridors. Excess flow valves shall be installed as required by the Fire Code. 1407.2.2.6 Electrical wiring and equipment located in the piping space shall be approved for Class I,Division 2,Hazardous Locations. Exception: Occasional transverse crossing of the corridors by supply piping which is enclosed within a ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor need not comply with Items 1407.2.2.1 through 1407.2.2.6. 1407.3 Special Requirements for HPP Gases 1407.3.1 General. In addition to other requirements of this section, HPP gases shall comply with this subsection and the Fire Code. 1407.3.2 Special Provisions 1407.3.2.1 Excess Flow Control. Where HPP supply gas is carried in pressurized piping, a fail-safe system shall shut off flow due to a rupture in the piping. Where the piping originates from outside the building, the valve shall be located outside the building as close to the bulk source as practical. 1407.3.2.2 Piping and Tubing Installation. Piping and tubing shall be installed in accordance with approved standards.Supply piping for hazardous production materials having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall have welded connections throughout, unless an exhausted enclosure is provided. Exception: Material which is incompatible with ferrous piping may be installed in nonmetallic piping with approved connections. 1407.3.2.3 Gas-Detection System. When hazardous production material gas is used or dispensed and the physiological warning properties for the gas are at a higher level than the accepted permissible exposure limit for the gas, a continuous gas-monitoring system shall be provided to detect the presence of a short-term hazard condition. When dispensing occurs and flammable gases or vapors may be present in quantities in excess of 20 percent of the lower explosive limit,a continuous gas-monitoring system shall be provided. The monitoring system shall be connected to the emergency control station. 121 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 122 CHAPTER 15 SOLAR SYSTEMS See Section 1206.0, Heat Sources, and the Uniform Solar Energy Code, published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. The Uniform Solar Energy Code provides requirements which may be adopted as part of the code by the Administrative Authority. 123 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 124 CHAPTER 16 STANDARDS Section 1601 Scope UMC Standard 11-2 Part I of this chapter covers standards which are UMC Section 1105.1 hereby declared to be part of this code.Part II of this Title and Source:Methods for System Identification, chapter lists standards which relate to equipment ASME/ANSI Standard A13.1-1981 and materials specified in this code,but are not adopted as part of this code. UMC Standard 11-3 Part I-Standards Adopted as Part of this Code UMC Section 1110.0 Title and Source:Wrought-Steel and Wrought-Iron Pipe,Standard B36.10-1959 of the American National UMC Standard 2-2 Standards Institute,Inc. UMC Sections 209.0,603.0 Title and Source:Galvanized Sheet Metals,Tentative UFC Standard 2-2 Specification A525-64T of the American Society for Testing and Materials UMC Section 204.0 Title and Source:Flash Point by Pensky-Martens UMC Standard 6-2 Closed Tester,Standard Test Method D93-75 of the American Society for Testing and Materials UMC Section 602.1 Title and Source:Metal Ducts,First Edition,1985 HVAC Duct Construction Standards,Metal and Flexible,Published by the Sheet Metal and Air- Part II—Referenced Standards Conditioning Contractors National Association The following standards are intended for use as a guide in the design,testing and installation of UMC Standard 6-3 equipment regulated by this code.These standards are mandatory when required by sections in this UMC Section 602.0 code. Title and Source:Test Method for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Electrical Cable and Plastic Abbreviations referred to in this list: Sprinkler Pipe,Standard 910,1985,and Standard ACCA Air Conditioning Contractors of America,1712 Newhampshire 1887,1989,of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Ave.,N.W.,Washington D.C.20009,202-483-9370 ANSI American National Standards Institute,Inc.,1430 Broadway, UMC Standard 6-5 New York,NY 10018,212-642-4900. ASHRAE American Society of Heating,Refrigerating,and Air- UMC Section 602.2 Conditioning Engineers,Inc.,1791 Tullie Circle NE,Atlanta, Title and Source:Installation of Factory-Made Air GA 30329-2305,404-636-8400. ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers,United Ducts,1989 Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Engineering Center,345 E.47th St.,New York,NY 10017, Standards,Thermal Insulation Manufacturers 212-705-7722. Association,and Guidelines for Installing Flexible ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials,100 Barr Harbor Ducts,Air Diffusion Council Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,610-832-9500. I-B-R Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers,393 Seventh Avenue,New York,NY 10001. UMC Standard 11-1 PPI Plastics Pipe Institute,Wayne Interchange Plaza ll,155 Route 46W,Wayne,NJ 07470. UMC Section 1103.0 SBI Steel Boiler Institute,393 Seventh Avenue,New York,NY Title and Source:Standard Test Method of 10001. Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals, UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,333 Pfingsten Road, Standard Test Method E 681-85 of the American Northbrook,IL 60062,847-272-8800. Society for Testing and Materials R Reaffirmed as up-to-date. 125 Chapter 16, Part II UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE A CLOTHES DRYERS,GAS AIR-CONDITIONING APPLIANCES,GAS-FIRED Volume I,Type 1—Clothes Dryers,ANSI ABSORPTION SUMMER,ANSI Z21.40.1-1981 Z21.5.1-1992 Addenda Z21.40.1a-1982 Volume II,Type 2--Clothes Dryers,ANSI AIR FILTER UNITS,TEST PERFORMANCE OF, Z21.5.2-1987 ANSI UL 900,1995 Addenda Z21.5.2a-1990 Addenda Z21.5.2b-1992 AUTOMATIC GAS IGNITION SYSTEMS AND COMMERCIAL DUCT SYSTEMS,ACCA Manual Q I COMPONENTS,ANSI Z21.20-1993 AUTOMATIC INTERMITTENT PILOT IGNITION COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC COOKING SYSTEMS FOR FIELD INSTALLATION,ANSI APPLIANCES,ANSI/UL 197,1991 Z21.71-1993 COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS, ANSI/UL 921,1995 B Addenda Z83.12a-1983 COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATORS AND BOILERS,GAS-FIRED LOW-PRESSURE STEAM FREEZERS,ANSI/UI.471,1991 AND HOT-WATER,ANSI Z21.13-1991 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS(CNG)VEHICULAR Addenda Z21.13a-1993 FUEL SYSTEMS,ANSI/NFPA 52-1992 Addenda Z21.13b-1994 BOILERS,GAS UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT IN CONNECTORS,METAL,FOR GAS APPLIANCES, LARGE BOILERS,ANSI Z83.3-1971 ANSI Z21.24-1993 Addenda Z83.3a-1972 Addenda Z21.24a-1993 Addenda Z83.3b-1976 CONNECTORS FOR MOVABLE GAS (Reaffirmed 1983,1989) APPLIANCES,ANSI Z21.69-19979CSA 6.16-M97 BOILERS,LOW-PRESSURE CAST-IRON HEATING, CONVERSION BURNERS,DOMESTIC GAS,ANSI I-B-R Testing and Rating Code,The Institute of Z21.17-1991 Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers,Seventh Addenda Z21.17a-1993 Edition,January,1966 Addenda Z21.17b-1993 BOILERS,STEEL,SBI Testing and Rating Code,the CONVERSION BURNERS,DOMESTIC GAS, Steel Boiler Institute,Tenth Edition,September, INSTALLATION OF,ANSI Z21.8-1994 1965 COUNTER APPLIANCES,FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT,GAS,ANSI Z83.14-1989 C Addenda Z83.14a-1990 CEILING DAMPERS,UL 555C,1992 Addenda Z83.14b-1991 CENTRAL COOLING AIR CONDITIONERS,UL 465,1982 with 1984 D revision DECORATIVE GAS APPLIANCES,VENTED,ANSI CENTRAL FURNACES,GAS-FIRED, Z21.50-1989 ANSI Z21.47-1993 Addenda Z21.50a-1990 CHIMNEYS,FACTORY-BUILT,MEDIUM-HEAT Addenda Z21.50b-1990 APPLIANCE,ANSI/UL 959,1992 DECORATIVE GAS APPLIANCES FOR CHIMNEYS,FACTORY-BUILT,RESIDENTIAL INSTALLATION IN SOLID-FUEL BURNING TYPE AND BUILDING HEATING FIREPLACES,ANSI Z21.60-1991 APPLIANCE,ANSI/UL 103,1995 DEEP FAT FRYERS,FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT, CHIMNEY LINERS,ANSI/UL 1777,1992 GAS,ANSI Z83.13-1989 I CHIMNEYS,FIREPLACES,VENTS,AND SOLID Addenda Z83.13a-1990 Addenda Z83.13b-1991 FUEL-BURNING APPLIANCES,NFPA 211,1996 DIRECT GAS-FIRED INDUSTRIAL AIR HEATERS, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR THE UNITED ANSI Z83.18-1990 STATES,1989 ASHRAE Handbook- Addenda Z83.18a-1991 Fundamentals,Chapter 24,Table 1,Column 6 Addenda Z83.18b-1992 CLOSURE SYSTEMS FOR FLEXIBLE AIR DUCTS DIRECT GAS-FIRED MAKE-UP AIR HEATERS, AND AIR CONNECTORS,UL 181B-1995 ANSI Z83.4-1991 CLOSURE SYSTEMS FOR RIGID AIR DUCTS,UL Addenda Z83.4a-1992 181A-1994 DRAFT EQUIPMENT,UL 378,1993 126 REFERENCED STANDARDS Chapter 16, Part II DRAFT HOODS,ANSI Z21.12-1990 FIREPLACE STOVES,ANSI/UL 737,1995 Addenda Z21.12a-1993 FIREPLACES,FACTORY-BUILT,ANSI/UL 127,1992 Addenda Z21.12b-1994 FIRE TESTING OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING DUCT FURNACES,GAS-FIRED,ANSI Z83.9-1990 SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTION OF Addenda Z83.9a-1992 RESTAURANT COOKING AREAS,UL 300,1992 I DUCTED HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATORS, FIXED AND LOCATION-DEDICATED ELECTRIC UL 1812,1995 ROOM HEATERS,UL 2021,1992 FLAME ARRESTORS FOR USE ON VENTS OF E STORAGE TANKS FOR PETROLEUM OIL EARTHQUAKE ACTUATED AUTOMATIC GAS AND GASOLINE,ANSI/UL 525,1992 SHUTOFF SYSTEMS,ANSI Z21.70-1981 FLEXIBLE CONNECTORS OF OTHER THAN ALL- ELECTRIC BOOSTER AND COMMERCIAL METAL CONSTRUCTION FOR GAS STORAGE TANK WATER HEATER,ANSI/UL APPLIANCES,ANSI Z21.45-1992 1453,1994 FLEXIBLE METALLIC WATER CONNECTORS,PS- ELECTRIC CENTRAL AIR-HEATING 14-89 EQUIPMENT,UL 1096,1986 FLOOR FURNACE,GAS-FIRED GRAVITY AND ELECTRIC CLOTHES-DRYERS,ANSI/UL 2158, FAN TYPE,ANSI Z21.48-1992 1995 FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT BAKING AND ELECTRIC CLOTHES-WASHING MACHINES ROASTING OVENS,GAS,ANSI Z83.12-1989 AND EXTRACTORS,ANSI/UL 2157,1995 Addenda Z83.12a-1990 ELECTRIC COIN-OPERATED CLOTHES-DRYING Addenda Z83.12b-1991 EQUIPMENT,ANSI/UL 1556,1989 FUEL OIL,CANADIAN GOVERNMENT I ELECTRIC COIN-OPERATED CLOTHES- SPECIFICATION BOARD,3-GP-28 WASHING EQUIPMENT,ANSI/UL 1555,1989 FURNACES,SOLID-FUEL AND COMBINATION- ELECTRIC COMMERCIAL CLOTHES-DRYING FUEL CENTRAL AND SUPPLEMENTARY, EQUIPMENT,UL 1240,1994 ANSI/UL 391,1991 ELECTRIC COMMERCIAL CLOTHES-WASHING EQUIPMENT,UL 1206,1994 G ELECTRIC DRY BATH HEATERS,ANSI/UL 875, GAGES AND INDICATORS,LIQUID LEVEL,FOR 1989 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,ANSI/UL 180,1993 ELECTRIC HOME LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT,UL GAGES AND INDICATORS,LIQUID LEVEL,FOR 560,1993 ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AND LP GAS,UL ELECTRIC HOUSEHOLD COOKING AND FOOD 565-1993 SERVING APPLIANCES,UL 1026,1995 GAGES INDICATING PRESSURE FOR COMPRESSED ELECTROSTATIC AIR CLEANERS,ANSI/UL 867, GAS SERVICE,ANSI/UL 404,1996 1988 GAS-FIRED CONSTRUCTION HEATERS,ANSI EXHAUST HOODS FOR COMMERCIAL COOKING Z83.7-1990 EQUIPMENT,ANSI/UL 710,1992 Addenda Z83.7a-1991 Addenda Z83.7b-1993 EXTERNAL CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEMS GAS-FIRED HEATING EQUIPMENT, FOR STEEL UNDERGROUND STORAGE COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL(Inputs over TANKS,UL 1746,1993 400,000 Btu per hour),UL 795,1994 GAS-FIRED STEAM AND HOT WATER BOILERS F AND ADDENDA,Z21.13-87 FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS AND GAS HOSE CONNECTORS FOR PORTABLE CONNECTORS,UL 181-1994 INDOOR GAS-FIRED APPLIANCES,ANSI FAN COIL UNITS AND ROOM FAN HEATER Z21.2-1992 UNITS,ANSI/UL 883,1986 GAS HOSE CONNECTORS FOR PORTABLE FIRE DAMPERS,UL 555,1995 OUTDOOR GAS-FIRED APPLIANCES,ANSI FIREPLACE ACCESSORIES,proposed standard, Z21.54-1987 ANSI/UL 907,1995 Addenda Z21.54a-1992 127 Chapter 16, Part II UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE GAS VENTS,ANSI/UL 441,1991 L GAS WATER HEATERS LEAKAGE RATED DAMPERS FOR USE IN SMOKE Vol.I,Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings CONTROL SYSTEMS,UL 555S,1993 of 75,000 Btu per Hour or Less,ANSI Z21.10.1-90 LIMIT CONTROLS,ANSI/UL 353,1995 Vol.III,Storage with Input Ratings Above 75,000 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS CODE,NFPA 58,1998 Btu per Hour,Circulating and Instantaneous Water Heaters,ANSI Z21.10.3-90 M GREASE FILTERS FOR EXHAUST DUCTS,UL 1046,1979 MANUALLY OPERATED METALLIC GAS VALVES(LINE TYPE)FOR USE IN GAS PIPING SYSTEMS UP TO 125 PSIG(SIZES 1/2 H THROUGH 2),ANSI/ASME B16.33-90 HVAC DUCT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION,SAFETY CODE METAL AND FLEXIBLE,SMACNA 1995 FOR,ANSI/ASHRAE 15-1978 HEAT PUMPS,UL 559,1985 HEAT RESPONSIVE LINKS FOR FIRE N PROTECTION SYSTEMS,ANSI/UL 33,1995 NATIONAL FUEL GAS CODE,ANSI Z223.1,NFPA I HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT, 54,1996 ANSI/UL 1995,1992 HEATING,WATER SUPPLY,AND POWER 0 BOILERS,ELECTRIC,ANSI/UL 834,1991 HERMETIC REFRIGERANT MOTOR OIL BURNERS,SAFETY STANDARD FOR, ANSI/UL 296,1995 COMPRESSORS,ANSI/UL 984, 1989 HOSE,FLEXIBLE METALLIC,ANSI/UL 536,1989 OIL-BURNING STOVES,UL 896,1993 HOSE,LP GAS,ANSI/UL 21,1986 OIL-FIRED AIR HEATERS AND DIRECT-FIRED HEATERS,UL 733,1994 HOUSEHOLD COOKING GAS APPLIANCES, OIL-FIRED BOILER ASSEMBLIES,ANSI/UL 726,1992 ANSI Z21.1-1993 HOUSEHOLD ELECTRIC RANGES,ANSI/UL 858, OIL-FIRED CENTRAL FURNACES,ANSI/UL 727, 1995 1986 HOUSEHOLD ELECTRIC STORAGE TANK OIL-FIRED FLOOR FURNACES,ANSI/UL 729,1995 WATER HEATERS,ANSI/UL 174-89 OIL-FIRED WALL FURNACES,ANSI/UL 730,1995 OIL-FIRED STORAGE WATER HEATERS,UL 732, 1987 ILLUMINATING APPLIANCES,GAS-FIRED,ANSI OIL-FIRED UNIT HEATERS,ANSI/UL 731,1995 Z21.42-1971 OUTDOOR COOKING GAS APPLIANCES,ANSI Addenda Z21.42a-1973 Z21.58-1993 Addenda Z21.42b-1981 INCINERATORS,RESIDENTIAL,UL 791,1993 P INFRARED HEATERS,GAS-FIRED,ANSI Z83.6-1990 PANEL HEATING,ASHRAE Systems Volume 1980, Addenda Z83.6a-1992 Chapter 8 Addenda Z83.6b-1993 PIGTAILS AND FLEXIBLE HOSE CONNECTORS INSTALLATION OF OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT, FOR LP-GAS,ANSI/UL 569, 1994 NFPA 31,1997 PILOT GAS FILTERS,ANSI Z21.35-1989 Addenda Z21.35a-1993 K PIPE THREADS,ANSI B2.1-1990 and B2.2-1968 KETTLES,STEAM COOKERS AND STEAM Dryseal GENERATORS,FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT, PRESSURE-REGULATING VALVES FOR LP GAS, GAS,ANSI Z83.15-1989 ANSI/UL 144,1985 Addenda Z83.15a-1990 PRESSURE REGULATORS,GAS APPLIANCE, Addenda Z83.15b-1991 ANSI Z21.18-1993 128 REFERENCED STANDARDS Chapter 16, Part II PROTECTIVELY COATED PIPE(INSTALLATION), SOLDERING FLUXES,ASTM B 813,1993 IS-13-91 SOLDERING PROCEDURE FOR CAPILLARY SPACE PUMPS FOR OIL-BURNING APPLIANCES, JOINTS IN COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY ANSI/UL 343, 1993 TUBE AND FITTINGS,ASTM B 828,1992e1 PUMPS,POWER OPERATED FOR ANHYDROUS SOLDERS,ASTM B 32,1996 AMMONIA AND LP GAS,ANSI/UL 51,1992 SPECIFICATION FOR FUEL OIL,ANSI/ASTM D396-97 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR METAL COLD Q FLARE COMPRESSION FITTINGS WITH DISK QUICK-DISCONNECT DEVICES FOR USE WITH SPRINGS FOR CROSS LINKED POLYETHYLENE GAS FUEL,ANSI Z21.41-1989 (PEX)TUBING,ASTM-1961-99 Addenda Z21.4la-1990 STEEL AUXILIARY TANKS FOR OIL-BURNER Addenda Z21.4lb-1992 FUEL,ANSI/UL 443,1989 STEEL INSIDE TANKS FOR OIL-BURNER FUEL, R ANSI/UL 80-1992 RANGES AND UNIT BROILERS,FOOD SERVICE SWIMMING POOL HEATERS,GAS-FIRED,ANSI EQUIPMENT,GAS,ANSI Z83.11-1989 Z21.56-1998 Addenda Z83.11a-1990 Addenda Z21.56a-1993 Addenda Z83.11b-1991 Addenda Z21.56b-1994 REFRIGERANT-CONTAINING COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES,NON-ELECTRICAL, T ANSI/UL 207,1994 TANKS,PIPING AND VALVES FOR OIL- REFRIGERANT DESIGNATION AND SAFETY BURNING APPLIANCES,CHAPTERS 2 AND 3 CLASSIFICATION,ANSI/ASHRAE 34-1992 OF NFPA 31-1997,Standard for the Installation Addenda ANSI/ASHRAE 34a-o,q and t-x of Oil-Burning Equipment. REFRIGERANT SPECIFICATIONS,ARI 700-95 THERMOPLASTIC PEPE AND FITTINGS COMPOUNDS,RECOMMENDED HYDRO- REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING STATIC STRENGTHS AND DESIGN STRESSES, CONDENSING AND COMPRESSOR UNITS, PPI Technical Report TR-4,August,1978 ANSI/UL 303,1988 THERMOSTATS,GAS APPLIANCE,ANSI Z21.23-1989 REFRIGERATION PIPING,including valves,fittings Addenda Z21.23a-1991 and welding,ANSI B31.5-1974 Addenda Z21.23b-1993 REFRIGERATORS USING GAS FUEL,ANSI Z21.19- TOILETS,GAS-FIRED,ANSI Z21.61-1983 1983 (Reaffirmed 1989) REGULATORS FOR COMPRESSED GAS,UL 252,1984 I RESIDENTIAL DUCT SYSTEMS,ACCA Manual D U ROOM HEATERS,GAS-FIRED UNIT COOLERS,REFRIGERATION,ANSI/UL 412, Volume I,Vented Room Heaters,ANSI Z21.11.1- 1992 1991 UNIT HEATERS,GAS,ANSI Z83.8-1990 Volume II,Unvented Room Heaters,ANSI Addenda Z83.8a-1990 Z21.11.2-1992 Addenda Z83.8b-1992 ROOM HEATER,SOLID-FUEL TYPE,ANSI/UL 1482,1988 V S VALVES,AUTOMATIC FOR GAS APPLIANCES, ANSI Z21.21-1993 I SINGLE BURNER BOILER OPERATION, VALVES,CONSTANT-LEVEL OIL,ANSI/UL 352, NFPA 8501,1997 1992 SMOKE DAMPERS-See LEAKAGE RATED VALVES,ELECTRICALLY OPERATED,ANSI/UL DAMPERS FOR USE IN SMOKE CONTROL 429,1988 SYSTEMS. SMOKE DETECTORS FOR DUCT APPLICATION, VALVES FOR ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AND LP ANSI/268A,1994 GAS,UL 125,1993 129 Chapter 16, Part II UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE VALVES FOR APPLIANCES,APPLIANCE CONNECTOR VALVES AND HOSE VALVES, MANUALLY OPERATED GAS,ANSI Z21.15-1992 VALVES FOR FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND FUEL GASES,ANSI/UL 842,1992 VALVES,RELIEF AND AUTOMATIC GAS SHUTOFF DEVICES FOR HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS,ANSI Z21.22-1986 Addenda Z21.22a-1990 VALVES,SAFETY RELIEF FOR ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AND LP GAS,UL 132,1993 VENT DAMPER DEVICES FOR USE WITH GAS- FIRED APPLIANCES,AUTOMATIC,ANSI Z21.66-1994 VENTING SYSTEMS FOR GAS-BURNING APPLIANCES,CATEGORIES II,III,AND IV, UL 1738,1993 VENTING SYSTEMS,TYPE L,LOW TEMPERATURE,ANSI/UL 641,1995 VENT OR CHIMNEY CONNECTOR DAMPERS FOR OIL-FIRED APPLIANCES,ANSI/UL 17,1995 W WALL FURNACES,GAS-FIRED GRAVITY AND FAN-TYPE DIRECT-VENT,ANSI Z21.44-1991 Addenda Z21.44a-1992 WALL FURNACES,GAS-FIRED GRAVITY AND FAN-TYPE VENTED,ANSI Z21.49-1992 130 APPENDIX A UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE STANDARD NO.2-2 Galvanized Sheet Metals Based on Tentative Specification A525-64T of the American Society for Testing and Materials See Sections 209.0 and 603.0, Uniform Mechanical Code Section 2.201 Scope Flaking of the coating within 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) of This standard covers the coating requirements for the edge of the test specimen shall be disregarded. sheets in coils and cut lengths, zinc coated (galvanized) by the hot dip method to a coating Section 2.205 Specimens for Triple-Spot Test weight of not less than coating class 1.25 (a) Cut Length Sheets 144 Inches (3658 mm)and "commercial." This material is intended to be used Less. For triple-spot tests, three specimens 2.25 ± for duct construction. 0.01 inches square or 2.54 ± 0.01 inches in diameter shall be cut from each test sheet, one being cut from Section 2.202 Base Metal Manufacture the center and the others from diagonally opposite The base metal shall be of approved composition corners adjacent to and within the boundary formed made by the open hearth, basic oxygen or electric by lines not less than two (2) inches (51 mm) from furnace process. the sides and four(4)inches(102 mm)from the ends. (b) Cut Length Sheets in Coils 144 Inches (3658 Section 2.203 Weight of Coating mm) and Less. For the triple-spot test, the three specimens may be cut from either end of each test (a) General. The coating shall have a total weight, sheet,one being cut from the middle of the width of on both sides of a sheet, of not less than 0.90 ounce sheet and the others, one from each side,adjacent to per square foot (0.275 kg/m2) of sheet when but not closer than two (2) inches (51 mm) from the determined by the triple-spot check limit and not side edge. less than 0.80 ounce per square foot(0.244 kg/m2) of s (c) Cut Length Sheets and Coils Over 144 Inches sheet when determined by the single-spot check l (3658 mm). For the triple-spot test, a sample piece limit. Material after leaving the producer's plant shall be subject to the single-spot test only. approximately one (1) foot (305 mm) in length by width as coated shall be taken. Three specimens of (b) Coating Test. The minimum check limit by the the size specified in Section 2.204(a) shall be taken triple-spot test shall consist of the average of from the sample piece. determinations from the test sheet as provided in Section 2.205. The check limit by the single-spot test shall be Section 2.206 Specimens for Single-Spot Test that one of the three specimens of the triple-spot test The building official may select specimens for the bearing the lightest coating, or the building official single-spot test to be taken from any part of the sheet may select a single specimen from any part of a sheet or coil for material less than 2.25 inches(57 mm).The or coil as provided by Section 2.206. test specimen length shall be chosen to give a The testing method shall determine to the nearest specimen equal to 5.06 square inches(3265 mm2). 0.01 ounce per square foot(0.003 kg/mz)if the weight of coating in grams on a square sample 2.25 inches Section 2.207 Specimens for Base Metal Bend Test (57 mm)on a side or a circular sample 2.54 inches(65 Bend test specimens shall be two (2) to four (4) mm) in diameter is numerically equal to the weight inches (51 mm to 102 mm) in width and may be cut of coating in ounces per square foot of sheet. from any sheet or coil. The bend test specimen shall not be taken closer than two(2)inches(51 mm)from Section 2.204 Bend Test the sides nor four(4)inches(102 mm)from the ends. The bend test specimen specified in Section 2.207 shall stand being bent at room temperature through Section 2.208 Dimensional Requirements 180 degrees in any direction without flaking of the The dimensional properties shall be not less than coating on the outside surface of the bend only. shown in Table No.2-2-A. 131 Appendix A, UMC Standard 2-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Section 2.209 Defects Material which is damaged or which contains any injurious defect such as blisters, flux or uncoated spots shall not be used. Section 2.210 Rejection If the Administrative Authority ascertains that the material fails to conform to the requirements of this standard,he may reject the use of such material. TABLE NO.2-2-A Dimensional Requirements for Galvanized Sheet Metal Nominal Thickness Galvanized Ounces Per Pounds Per Equivalent for Sheet Gage No. Square Foot Square Inch Galvanized Sheet (x 305.16=9/m2) (x 0.30516 kg/m,) Gage No. 12 72.5 0.0314670 0.1084 13 62.5 0.0271270 0.0934 14 52.5 0.0227860 0.0785 15 47.5 0.0206160 0.0710 16 42.5 0.0184460 0.0635 17 38.5 0.0167100 0.0575 18 34.5 0.0149740 0.0516 19 30.5 0.0132380 0.0456 20 26.5 0.0115020 0.0396 21 24.5 0.0106340 0.0366 22 22.5 0.0097656 0.0336 23 20.5 0.0088976 0.0306 24 18.5 0.0080295 0.0276 25 16.5 0.0071615 0.0247 26 14.5 0.0062934 0.0217 27 13.5 0.0058594 0.0202 28 12.5 0.0054253 0.0187 29 11.5 0.0049913 0.0172 30 10.5 0.0045573 0.0157 132 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE STANDARD NO. 6-2 Standard for Metal Ducts Based on the first edition, 1985 HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Metal and Flexible, published by the Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors National Association. See Section 602.1, Uniform Mechanical Code Section 6.201 Scope ically compatible and shall not reduce the perfor- The performance criteria and requirements herein mance levels for strength and tight closure of ducts. contemplate a duct that is a structural assembly hav- Structural Failure is any visible and measurable rup- ing the capacity to support occupant health and safe- ture,collapse,buckling or other permanent deformation ty while minimizing its own contribution to property or separation of the elements in the duct assembly. damage under emergency conditions.Ducts can sup- Section 6.203 Performance Requirements for ply fresh or treated air in support of life and health, Ducts can convey products of combustion away from a fire (a) Pressure. Structural failure or closure failure of zone, can maintain a pressure differential that facili- a duct assembly shall not occur at 150 percent of the tates evacuation and reduces the spread of fire and designed operating pressure classification when sup- source. smoke and can facilitate firefighter access to a fire ported at the maximum recommended support spac- ing. (b) Support Spacing. Structural failure or closure Section 6.202 Definitions failure of duct assembly shall not occur when sup- Closure is the joining components on duct surfaces ported at twice the maximum recommended support that are subjected to a pressure differential across the spacing and atmospheric pressure is maintained duct wall, including mechanical locks and metallic inside the ducts. and nonmetallic materials used as fillers or sealers (c) Deflection, Longitudinal. The maximum whether on straight sections of ducts or fittings or allowable deflection of rectangular duct walls at used in connection of duct or fitting to other appara- design pressure classification shall not exceed the tus.Closure shall also pertain to penetrations of duct following: walls (such as by screws,rivets,pipes,electrical con- Duct Dimension Deflection duits,etc.). 12" down (305 mm) 1/2" (12.7 mm) Closure Failure is any structural failure at a closure 13" to 18" (330 to 457 mm) 5/8" (15.9 mm) and also any loss of adhesive bond, creep, displace- 19"to 24" (483 to 610 mm) 3/4" (19.1 mm) ment or other deterioration of closure materials and over 24" (over 610 mm) 1" (25.4 mm) methods that results in an increase in air leakage above an allowable level and any behavior contribut- The deflection reference plane is that passing ing to accelerated aging of the closure systems. through two adjacent corners of the duct. For cross- Duct Assembly is the completed composite connect- broken ducts, the measurement point shall be on the ed assembly of straight sections, fittings and acces- center-line of the duct at a point one eighth of the sories attached to or occurring in the perimeter of an duct width or reinforcement interval or joint spacing air passageway that is used for supply air,exhaust air if unreinforced,whichever is greater,from the inter- or recirculated air mode.The passageway need not be section of the cross breaks. For cross-broken ducts, continuous. the allowable wall deflection shall be increased by 50 Note: Where apparatus, ceiling plenums, room percent of the deflection "set" measured at atmos- boundaries,shafts,air terminals,etc.,form a part pheric pressure level in the duct. of the passageways, such are not subject to the (d) Deflection, Transverse. The maximum allow- performance requirements in this standard, but able deflection for rectangular duct transverse joint are not prohibited from being made subject to systems and intermediate reinforcements shall be 1/4 similar requirements. inch (6.4 mm) for duct widths of 100 inches (2540 Metal Duct is a duct constructed of galvanized steel, mm) or less and shall be 0.3 percent of the span for uncoated steel, stainless steel or aluminum material greater widths. In any case, the allowable deflection of commercial grade.Accessories and reinforcements shall not be construed as permitting such members to are not required by this standard to be of the same exceed 60 percent of their yield stress. material as the duct wall,but they must be electrolyt- 133 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE (e) Allowable Stress. Loads imposed by fabricated duct weight designed pressure differential across the duct wall,bending moment created by supports and 1/2 pound per square foot (2.4 kg/m2) of insulation weight shall not exceed 60 percent of the yield stress of the metals in the duct and its connections. Other internal and external loads are not accounted for by this standard. (f) Cyclical Loading Resistance. Duct assemblies shall be capable of withstanding a daily on-off cycle of operation without structural failure. (g) Airtightness. Closures for ducts shall be sub- stantially airtight. Section 6.204 Support Requirements for Ducts (a) Method and Interval.The support spacing inter- val and method of contact with the duct assembly shall be selected to avoid structural failure or closure failure in the duct. (b) Allowable Stress in Supports. Supports shall not be subjected to more than 60 percent of their yield stress. (c) Safety Factor. The upper attachment of a duct suspension (hanging) system to a building structure shall have a safety factor of at least four(4)based on ultimate failure(pullout)load. (d) Loading.Supports shall account for loads identi- fied in Section 6.203(a). (e) Fastening Loads.The location and arrangement of all fastenings in the support system shall be select- ed to avoid failure in tensile,compressive,shear and flexure modes. (f) Corrosion Control. The support system shall not cause corrosion by galvanic(electrolytic)action at points of contact with the duct. (g) Character of Support System.The support sys- tem shall not penetrate enclosures containing fluids or electrical wiring in such a manner as to create a hazard,nor shall they penetrate a load-bearing mem- ber in such a manner as to cause excessive loading on the member. Section 6.205 Complying Systems Tables Nos. 6-2-A through 6-2-Q typify duct con- struction conforming with this standard.Throughout the tables in this standard,the minimum thickness in inches for galvanized sheet gage numbers is used. 134 STANDARD FOR METAL DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 TABLE NO.6-2-A Rectangular Duct Hangers, Minimum Size inches x 25.4=mm Maximum Pair at 10 Ft. Spacing Pair at 8 Ft. Spacing Pair at 5 Ft. Spacing Pair at 4 Ft. Spacing Half of Duct Perimeter Strap Wire/Rod Strap Wire/Rod Strap Wire/Rod Strap Wire/Rod P =30" 1"x 0.030 10 ga. 1"x 0.030 10 ga. 1" x 0.030 12 ga. 1" x 0.030 12 ga. 2 (1"x 22 ga.) (0.135") (1"x 22 ga.) (0.135") (1"x 22 ga.) (0.106") (1" x 22 ga.) (0.106") P =72" 1"x 0.047 3/8" 1"x 0.036 1/4" 1" x 0.030 1/4" 1"x 0.030 1/4" 2 (1"x 18 ga.) (1"x 20 ga.) (1"x 22 ga.) (1" x 22 ga.) P =96" 1"x 0.058 3/8" 1"x 0.047 3/8" 1" x 0.036 3/8" 1" x 0.030 1/4" 2 (1" x 16 ga.) (1" x 18 ga.) (1" x 20 ga.) (1"x 22 ga.) P = 120" 1-1/2"x 0.058 1/2" 1"x 0.058 3/8" 1"x 0.047 3/8" 1" x 0.036 1/4" 2 (1-1/2" x 16 ga.) (1"x 16 ga.) (1" x 18 ga.) (1"x 20 ga.) P = 168" 1-1/2"x 0.058 1/2" 1" x 0.058 1/2" 1" x 0.058 3/8" 1" x 0.047 3/8" 2 (1-1/2"x 16 ga.) (1-1/2" x 16 ga.) (1" x 16 ga.) (1"x 18 ga.) P = 192" _ 1/2" 1-1/2" x 0.058 1/2" 1" x 0.058 3/8" 1"x 0.058 3/8" 2 (1-1/2" x 16 ga.) (1"x 16 ga.) (1" x 16 ga.) P = 193" up Special analysis required 2 Single Hanger Maximum Allowable Load When straps are lap-joined, use these minimum fasteners: Strap Wire or Rod (Dia.) 1 x 0.047", 0.036", 0.030-two No. 10 or one 1/4 bolt 1" x 0.030" - 260 lbs. 0.106" - 80 lbs. 1"x 0.058"-two 1/4" dia. 1" x 0.036" - 320 lbs. 0.135" - 120 lbs. 1-1/2" x 0.058" -two 3/8" dia. 1" x 0.047" - 420 lbs. 0.162" - 160 lbs. Place fasteners in series, not side-by-side. 1" x 0.058" - 700 lbs. 1/4" - 270 lbs. 1-1/2" x 0.058" - 1100 lbs. 3/8" - 680 lbs. 1/2" - 1250 lbs. 5/8" - 2000lbs. 3/4" - 3000lbs. Notes: 1. Dimensions other than gage are in inches. 2. Tables allow for duct weight 1 IbJsf(4.8 kg/m2) insulation weight normal reinforcement and trapeze weight but no external loads. 3. Straps are galvanized steel; other materials are uncoated steel. 4. Allowable loads for P/2 assume that ducts are 0.058 (16 ga.) (1.47 mm) maximum, except that when maximum duct dimension (w) is over 60" (1524 mm), then P/2 maximum is 1.25 w. 5. For trapeze sizes see Table No. 6-2-B. 6. Twelve [0.081 in. (2.05 mm)], 10[0.102 in. (2.59 mm)] or 8 [0.128 in. (3.25 mm)] ga. wire is steel of black- annealed, bright basic or galvanized type. 135 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE NO.6-2-B—Allowable Loads for inches x 25.4=mm Trapeze Angles(For Rectangular Ducts) pounds x 0.454=kg feet x 304.8=mm (C X � N _ X (0 Co N O �_ X X X X X co X- N N N _ N N O ao N T 7 7 p M N N X X X X X X X X X X N N N N N N N N Length r — r .- r — N N N N 18" 80 150 180 350 510 650 940 1230 1500 1960 24" 75 150 180 350 510 650 940 1230 1500 1960 30" 70 150 180 350 510 650 940 1230 1500 1960 36" 60 130 160 340 500 620 920 1200 1480 1940 42" 40 110 140 320 480 610 900 1190 1470 1930 48" — 80 110 290 450 580 870 1160 1440 1900 54" — 40 70 250 400 540 840 1120 1400 1860 60" — — — 190 350 490 780 1060 1340 1800 66" — — — 100 270 400 700 980 1260 1720 72" — — — — 190 320 620 900 1180 1640 78" — — — — 80 210 500 790 1070 1530 84" — — — — — 80 380 660 940 1400 96" — — — — — — — 320 600 1060 108" — — — — — — — — 150 610 Loads above assume that a hanger rod is 6" max. distance from duct side. TABLE NO.6-2-C—Round Duct Hangers Duct Maximum Wire Diameter Spacing) Diameter Rod Strap 10" down 12' One 12 ga. 1/4" 1" x 0.030 (22 ga.) 11 to 18" 12' Two 12 ga. 1/4" 1" x 0.030(22 ga.) or one 8 ga. 19 to 24" 12' Two 10 ga. 1/4" 1" x 0.030 (22 ga.) 25 to 36" 12' Two 8 ga. 3/8" 1" x 0.036(20 ga.) 37 to 50" 12' Two 3/8" Two 1" x 0.036(20 ga.) 51 to 80" 12' Two 3/8" Two 1" x 0.047(18 ga.) 81 to 94" 12' Two 3/8" Two 1" x 0.058 (16 ga.) TABLE NO. 6-2-D—Flat Oval Duct Construction Inches(Gage) Duct Width Spiral Lock Seam Duct Longitudinal Seam Duct Fittings To 24" 0.024 (24) 0.036(20) 0.036 (20) 25" to 36" 0.030 (22) 0.036 (20) 0.036(20) 37" to 48" 0.030(22) 0.047 (18) 0.047(18) 49"to 60" 0.036 (20) 0.047 (18) 0.047 (18) 61"to 70" 0.036 (20) 0.058 (16) 0.058 (16) 71" and up 0.047 (18) 0.058 (16) 0.058 (16) 136 STANDARD FOR METAL DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 TABLE NO. 6-2-E Round Duct Gage Selection for Galvanized Steel inches x 25.4= mm Maximum 2" W.G. (498 Pa) Maximum 10"W.G. (2.5 kPa) Maximum 2"W.G. (498 Pa) Static Positive Static Positive Static Negative Duct Diameter, Spiral Seam, Longitudinal Seam, Spiral Seam, Longitudinal Seam, Spiral Seam, Longitudinal Seam, Inches Inches (Gage) Inches (Gage) Inches (Gage) Inches (Gage) Inches (Gage) Inches(Gage) 3 thru 8 0.016 (28) 0.016 (28) 0.019 (26) 0.024 (24) 0.016 (28) 0.024 (24) 9 thru 14 0.016 (28) 0.019 (26) 0.019 (26) 0.024 (24) 0.019 (26) 0.024 (24) 15 thru 26 0.019 (26) 0.024 (24) 0.024 (24) 0.030 (22) 0.024 (24) 0.030 (22) 27 thru 36 0.024 (24) 0.030 (22) 0.030 (22) 0.036 (20) 0.030 (22) 0.036 (20) 37 thru 50 0.030 (22) 0.036 (20) 0.036 (20) 0.036 (20) 0.036 (20) 0.047 (18) 51 thru 60 0.036 (20) 0.047 (18) 0.047 (18) 0.047 (18) 0.047 (18) 0.058 (16) 61 thru 84 1 0.047 (18) 0.058 (16) 0.047 (18) 0.058 (16) 0.058 (16) 1 0.070 (14) Round Duct Gage Selection for Galvanized Steel TRANSVERSE JOINTS SPIRAL AND LONGITUDINAL SEAMS Longitudinal or Spiral *4"Min�, 5/16" 7ia.Bolts at Max. 7"Intervals Angle 3/8"Flange Non-Extending Gasket RL 5 or Sealant Van Stone Flange Joint Spiral Lap and Rivet or Groved Seam Pipe Beaded Sleeve Joint RT-2 Seam Tack Lock Flat Lock RT-1 RT-2A Companion RL 1 6"(152 m mm)) Sleeve to Flan a(weld to duct Seam Type Interval Spotweld be at least g ( ) YP Aeon 2"(51 mm) duct gage ,� 4"_ 1/4"Bolts Interval t �� Min. in RL-2 RL-6A e 2 Min. �I MI Weld RL-6B r; Band to be -* at least duct gage RL-3 RL-7 Outside RL-8 Drawband Joint RT-4 RT-3 RL-4 Snaplock Seams I 1"� Butt Weld ►I Minh -'Min f (or lapped and seam welded) .2 t;:;;1 I Crimp Joint Bead Optional Swedge(Bell) Pressure Class Seam Type Permitted 2"W.G.Max. RT-6 RT-5 Positive To+10"w.g.(2488 Pa) RL-1,4,5(2*,3`)(51 mm,76 mm) On joints RT-1,2,3,4 and 6 screws must be used at uniform intervals To+3"w.g. (746 Pa) RL-1,2,3,4,5 15"maximum along the circumference;three screws minimum on 14"or To+2"w.g. (498 Pa) All less diameter. Negative Minimum flange sizes for RT-2 and 2A: To-2"w.g.(498 Pa) RL-1,2,3,4,5 1"x 1"x 10 GA on 14"maximum diameter To-1"w.g.(249 Pa) All 1-1/2"x 1-1/2"x 1/8"diameter over 14" 'Acceptable if spotwelded on 1"(25.4 mm)intervals. Longitudinal or spiral seam duct is acceptable for all joints except RT-4 and 6(for longitudinal only) 137 D Ca rb v CD TABLE NO.6-2-G Rectangular Duct Transverse Reinforcement for water gage x 248.8=Pa X Duct Material Thicknesses from 0.030" (22 ga.)(0.76 mm)to 0.019" (26 ga.)(0.48 mm) inches x 25.4=mm D c Pressure Class 1/2" 1/2" 1" 1" 2" 2" 1!2" 1/2" 1" 1" 2" 2" 1/2" 1/2" 1" 1" 2" 2" n (Water gage) � Duct Thickness 0.030" 0.030" 0.030" 0.030" 0.030" 0.030" 0.024" 0.024" 0.024" 0.024" 0.024" 0.024" 0.019" 0.019" 0.019" 0.019" 0.019" 0.019" Inches(Gage) (22) (22) (22) (22) (22) (22) (24) (24) (24) (24) (24) (24) (26) (26) (26) (26) (26) (26) m Duct Dimensions Standing reinforcement is not required on duct -Not Required 7"dn. sizes above this heavy line.Flat slips and drives or ro 8-10" another choice may be used. Flat slips and drives 11 12" must not be less than one gage below duct gage A/5° A/8° and not less than 24 gage. 13, 14" A/50 A/8° A/10° A/8° A/5° A/4° 15, 16" A/10° A/8° A/10° A/8° A/5° A/8° A/5° A/8° A/5° A/4° 17, 18" A/10° A/8° A/100 A/8° A/50 A/8° A/5° A/8° A/50 A/4° 19, 20" A/10° A/8° A/5° B/8 A/10° A/8° A/5° A/4° A/10° A/8° A/5° A/8° A/5° A/4° 21, 22" A/10 A/8 A/5 B/8 A/10 A/8 A/10 A/8 A/5 A/4 A/10 A/8 A/5 A/4 A/5 A/4 23, 24" B/10 B/8 B/5 C/8 A/10 A/8 B/10 B/8 B/5 B/4 A/10 A/8 A/5 A/4 B/5 B/4 25, 26" A/10 A/8 B/10 B/8 B/5 C/8 A/10 A/8 A/5 B/8 B/5 B/4 A/10 A/8 A/5 A/4 B/5 B/4 27, 28" B/10 B/8 C/10 C/8 C/5 B/4 B/10 B/8 B/5 C/8 C/5 B/4 B/5 B/8 B/5 B/4 B/2-1/2 B/4 29, 30" B/10 B/8 C/10 C/8 C/5 C/4 B/10 B/8 B/5 C/8 C/5 C/4 B/5 B/8 B/5 B/4 C/2-1/2 C/4 31-36" CA 0 C/8 C/5 D/8 D/5 D/4 C/5 C/8 C/5 C/4 D/2-1/2 D/4 C/5 C/4 C/5 C/4 37-42" D/5 D/8 D/5 D/4 E/5 E/4 D/5 D/8 D/5 D/4 E/2-1/2 E/4 D/5 C/4 D/2-1/2 D/4 43-48" D/5 D/8 E/5 D/4 E/2-1/2 E/4 D/5 D/4 E/5 D/4 E/2-1/2 E/2 D/5 D/4 D/2-1/2 D/4 49-54" D/5 D/4 E/5 E/4 F/2-1/2 F/2 D/5 D/4 E/2-1/2 E/4 F/2-1/2 F/2 D/5 D/4 55-60" E/5 E/4 F/5 F/4 G/2-1/2 G/2 E/5 E/4 F/2-1/2 F/4 E/2-1/2 E/4 61-72" F/5 F/4 G/2-1/2 G/4 H/2-1/2 H/2 F/2-1/2 F/4 Z_ 73-84" H/5 G/4 G/2-1/2 G/4 Not Allowed -n O 85-96" H/2-1/2 H/4 97" up Flat slips and drives may be backed with stiffeners from Table No. 6-2-J and This number is the spacing interval between reinforcements, in feet. m thereby qualified for this table.Where the superscript D occurs, the flat drive is This letter denotes the type of reinforcement to be selected from joint = D accepted as Class A. See Table No. 6-2-K. Tables Nos. 6-2-I, 6-2-J or 6-2-K. Z n D r- 0 O 0 m D Z v TABLE NO. 6-2-H Rectangular Duct Transverse Reinforcement for water gage x 248.8=Pa x Duct Material Thicknesses from 0.058" (16 ga.)(1.47 mm)to 0.036" (20 ga.)(.91 mm) inches x 25.4=mm o m O Pressure Class x Water gage) 1/2" 1/2" 1" 1" 2" 2" 1/2" 1/2" 1" 1" 2" 2" 1/2" 1/2" 1" 1" 2" 2" K m Duct Thicknes 0.058" 0.058" 0.058" 0.058" 0.058" 0.058" 0.047" 0.047" 0.047" 0.047 0.047" 0.047" 0.036" 0.036" 0.036" 0.036" 0.036"0.036" D Inches (Gage) 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 v Duct imensio n 7" dn. 8-10" 11, 12" Not Required 13, 14" 1 Standing reinforcement is not required on duct 15, 16" sizes above this heavy line.Flat slips and drives or another choice may be used. Flat slips and drives 17, 18" must not be less than one gage below duct gage 19 20" and not less than 24 gage. B/10 B/8 21, 22" B/10 B/8 A/10 A/8 B/10 13/8 23, 24" C/10 C/8 B/10 B/8 B/10 C/8 25, 26" C/10 C/8 C/10 C/8 B/10 13/8 C/10 C/8 27, 28" C/10 C/8 C/10 C/8 C/10 C/8 B/10 B/8 C/10 C/8 C/5 C/8 29, 30" D/10 D/8 C/10 C/8 D/10 D/8 B/10 B/8 C/10 C/8 C/5 D/8 31-36" D/10 D/8 E/10 E/8 C/10 C/8 D/10 D/8 D/5 E/8 C/10 C/8 D/10 D/8 D/5 D/4 37-42" D/10 D/8 E/10 E/8 E/5 E/8 D/10 D/8 E/10 D/8 E/5 E/4 D/10 D/8 D/5 D/8 E/5 E/4 43-48" E/10 D/8 F/10 F/8 F/5 G/8 E/10 D/8 E/5 E/8 F/5 E/4 E/10 D/8 E/5 D/4 F/5 E/4 49-54" E/10 E/8 G/10 F/8 G/5 F/4 E/10 E/8 E/5 F/8 G/5 F/4 D/5 E/8 E/5 E/4 F/2-1/ F/4 55-60" F/10 F/8 F/5 G/8 H/5 G/4 F/10 F/8 F/5 I G/8 H/5 G/4 E/5 F/8 F/5 F/4 G/2-1/ G/4 D 61-72" H/10 G/8 H/5 G/4 1/5 H/4 F/5 G/8 H/5 G/4 H/2-1/2 H/4 F/5 F/4 G/2-1/2 G/4 H/2-1/ H/2 73-84" H/5 H/8 1/5 H/4 1/2-1/2 J/4 H/5 G/4 1/5 H/4 1/2-1/2 J/4 H/5 G/4 H/2-1/2 H/4 1/2-1/2 1/2 a 85-96" H/5 1/8 J/5 1/4 J/2-1/2 K/4 H/5 H/4 1/2-1/2 1/4 J/2-1/2 J/2 H/5 H/4 1/2-1/2 1/2 J/2-1/ J/2 X' 97" up H/5 H/4 J/2-1/2 J/2 K/2-1/2 K/2 H/5 H/4 J/2-1/2 J/2 I K/2-1/2 K/2 D Flat slips and drives may be backed with stiffeners from Table No. 6-2-J and This number is the spacing interval between reinforcements, in feet. 0 thereby qualified for this table. This letter denotes the type of reinforcement to be selected from joint n Tables Nos. 6-2-1, 6-2-J or 6-2-K. w n >v n (p N Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE NO. 6-2-1 Transverse Joint Reinforcement for Tables Nos. 6-2-G and 6-2-H W-►I , H yyri i T H H H H STANDING S (BAR REINFORCED) T-13 T H HH Minimum T-2 T-10 T-11 T-12 T Rigidity STANDING STANDING S STANDING S STANDING S (ANGLEANDING REINFORCED) Class DRIVE SLIP T-14 WT WT WT WT WT H x T LF H x T LF H x T LF H x T LF HxT+ HR LF El* (x 25.4 for mm) (x 1.488 (x 25.4 for mm) (X 1.488 (x 25.4 for mm) (X 1,488 (x 25.4 for mm) (X 1.488 (x 25.4 for mm) (x 1.488 for kg/m) for kg/m) for kg/m) for kg/m) for kg/m) A 0.5 f 1/2x0.019" 0.5 (1/2 x 26 ga.) B 1.0 1-1/8 x 0.019" 0.5 1 1/2 x 0.030" 0.7 (1-1/8 x 26 ga.) Not given (1/2 x 22 ga.) C 2.5 1-1/8 x 0.030" 0.8 1 x 0.019" 0.6 1 x 0.019" 0.6 (1-1/8 x 22 ga.) (1 x 26 ga.) 0.6 (1 x 26 ga.) 0.6 Not given D 0.5 Not given 1 x 0.024" 0.7 1 x 0.024" 0.7 1-1/8 x 0.019" 0.7 (1 x 24 ga.) (1 x 24 ga.) (1-1/8 x 26 ga.) E 10 1-1/8 x 0.036" 0.9 Not given 1-1/8 x 0.047' 1.4 (1-1/8 x 20 ga.) (1-1/8 x 18 ga.) w=3/16" Not given F 15 1-5/8 x 0.030" 1.0 1-1/2 x 0.024" 1.0 1-1/2 x 0.024" 1.5 (1-5/8 x 22 ga.) (1-1/2 x 24 ga.) (1-1/2 x 24 ga.) w=3/16" 1-1/2 x 1/8 bar 1-1/2 x 1/8 bar G 25 1-5/8 x 0.047" 1.5 1-1/2 x 0.047' 1.7 1-1/2 x 0.030" 1.6 (1-5/8 x 18 ga.) (1-1/2 x 18 ga.) (1-112 x 22 ga.) w=3/16" 1-1/2 x 1/8 bar H 50 Not given Not given 1-1/2 x 0.036" 2.9 (1-1/2 x 20 ga.) 1-1/2 x 1.1/2 x 3/16 1 75 2 x 0.036" 2.9 (2 x 20 ga.) 2x2x1/8 J 100 2 x 0.036" 3.7 (2 x 20 ga.) 2x2x3/16 K 150 Not given L 200 Nominal El is number listed times 105. 140 STANDARD FOR METAL DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 TABLE NO. 6-2-1 (Continued) Transverse Joint Reinforcement for Tables Nos. 6-2-G and 6-2-H 3"W.G.Max H H 1� H11 EAR Gasket - 1*T POCKET LOCK BAR REINFORCED 9 TH Rivet or JH H or T-17 POCKET LOCK Weld T 3• T-18 MAX. T Gasket H Minimum HR T-10 T-22 T-23 Rigidity TANGLE REINFORCED CAPPED FLANGE COMPANION FLANGED Class POCKET LOCK ANGLES T-19 LOCK T, WT WT WT WT LF El' H DUCT T, HR (xL,88 H x T U (x 1.488 88 H x T (x 1.488 H x T (xL488 (x 25.4 for mm) fork m) (x 25.4 for mm) fork m (x 25.4 for mm) fork m (x 25.4 for mm) fork m A 0.5 1 A f J� B 1.0 3/4 x 0.019" 0.024" 0.4 (26 ga.) (24 ga.) C 2.5 T-17 0.019"(26 ga.)lock 0.6 1 x 0.024" 0.024" 0.5 1 x 0.024" 1.0 1" on 0.019"(26 ga.) (24 ga.) (24 ga.) (24 ga.) D 5.0 T-17 0.024"(24 ga.)lock 0.7 1 x 0.030" 0.030" 0.6 1 x 0.030" 1.0 1" on 0.024"(24 ga.) (22 ga.) (22 ga.) (22 ga.) E 10 T-18 0.030"(22 ga.)lock 1.4 1-1/2 x 0.024" 0.030" 0.8 two 1.7 1 x 0.058"(16 ga.) 1.0 1" 1 x 1/8 bar (24 ga.) (22 ga.) 1 x 1/8 -1/2 x 0.024"(24 ga.) F 15 T-17 0.030"(22 ga.)lock 1.0 1-1/2 x 0.036" 0.036" 1.0 -1/2 x 0.030"(22 ga.) 1.0 1-1/2" (20 ga.) (20 ga.) t 1-1/2 x 0.036"(20 ga.) 1.0 G 25 T-18 0.030"(22 ga.)lock 1.6 two 2.1 1-1/2 x 0.047" 1.5 1-1/2" 1-1/2 x 1/8 bar 1-1/4 x 1/8 (18 ga.) H 50 T-19 0.036"(20 ga.)lock 2.9 2 x 0.058" 0.036" 1.5 two 2.6 2 x 0.047" 1.5 1-1/2" 1-1/2 x 3/16 angle (16 ga.) (20 ga.) 1-1/2 x 1/8 (18 ga.) 1 75 T-10 0.036"(20 ga.)lock 2.8 2 x 0.058" two' 2 x 0.058" 2.0 1-1/2" 2 x 1/8 angle (16 ga.) 1-1/2 x 3/16 3.7 (16 ga.) J 100 T-19 0.036"(20 ga.)lock 3.5 two' 2 x 0.047" 1-112" 2 x 3/16 angle 1-1/2 x 1/4 4.7 (18 ga.) K 150 T-19 0.036"(20 ga.)lock 4.2 two' With 1-1/2" 2-1/2 x 3/16 angle 2 x 3/16 4.9 tie rods L 200 Not given two' 2 x 1/4 6.5 'Nominal El is number listed times 105. 141 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE NO.6-2-1 (Continued) Transverse Joint Reinforcement for Tables Nos.6-2-G and 6-2-H Duct Inches 0.019"to 0.030" 0.036' 0.047" 0.058" Thickness (Gage) (26 to 22) (20) (18) (16) Minimum Flat Slip 0.024"(24) 0.030"(22) 0.036'(20) 0.047"(18) and Drive Gage By themselves,flat-type slip connections and lap joints do not qualify as reinforce- ment.When backed by a stiffener from Table No.6-2-J,the reinforcement is graded by the stiffener.See exception for joint T-1 in Table No.6-2-K.T-5,T-6 and T-7 are restricted to 2"W.G.maximum service pressure. 33''(776 mm) fT Drive Slip Hemmed"S'Slip T-1 T-6 T 76 mm) 0.047' 18 Ga.) Max. 0.058"�16 Ga.)or 1. HR (25.4 mm) —wo L T Drive Slip-Reinforced Reinforced"S"Slip T-3 T-7 3'(76 mm) Max. H Lap Double"S"Slip T-4 T-8 3'(76 mm) Max,, (25.4 mm) (25.4 mm Plain"S"Slip Inside Slip Joint T-5 T-9 142 STANDARD FOR METAL DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 TABLE NO.6-2-J Intermediate Reinforcement -►I IFT B� �'� T H H � -►III-T H OR C n n f_ H ►� I+�-�I TT Minimum '' Rigidity ANGLE ZEE HAT SECTION CHANNEL Class WT HxT(MIN) LF HxBxT(MIN) LF Hxl3xDxT LF HxBxDxT(MIN) LF El* (x 25.4 for mm) (x 1.488 (x 25.4 for mm) (x 1.488 (x 25.4 for mm) (x 1.488 (x 25.4 for mm) (x 1.488 for kglm) for kglm) for kg(m) for kglm) A 0.5 �i t I B 1.0 3/4 x 1/2 x 0.036' 0.28 (20 ga.) 1 x 0.047"(18 ga.) 0.34 3/4 x 1/2 x 0.047 0.36 3/4 x 3 x 0.047" 0.81 C 2.5 1 x 0.058"(16 ga.) 0.44 (18 ga.) (18 ga.) 314 x 1/8 0.59 1-1/4 x 0.047' 1 x 3/4 x 0.036' 0.35 1-1/8 x 3-1/4 x 0.047" 1.0 D 5.0 (18 ga.) 0.45 (20 ga.) (18 ga.) 1 x 1/8 0.80 1 x 3 x 0.047"(18 ga.) 1-1/4 x 0.090 0.80 1 x 3/4 x 0.090 0.78 E 10 1-1/2 x 0.058" 0.66 1-1/2 x 3/4 x 0.036' 0.41 0.7 1 x 2 x 1/8 1.6 (16 a.) (20 a.) 1-1/2 x 1/8** 1.23 1 x 3/4 x 1/8 1.03 1-1/2 x 314 x 5/8 x 0.036"(20 ga.) 0.7 1-1/4 x 3-1/2 x 0.058"(16 ga.) 1.32 F 15 1-1/2 x 314 x 0.047" 0.54 1-1/2 x 1-M x 314 x 0.036'(20 ga.) 1.1 1-1/8 x 3 x 1/8 2.1 (18 ga.) 1-1/2 x 3/16 0.96 1-1/2 x 3/4 x 1/8 1.23 1-1/2 x 314 x 5/8 x 0.058"(16 ga.) 0.82 G 25 2 x 1-1/8 x 0.036" 0.6 1.1/2 x 1.1/2 x 3/4 x 0.047'(18 ga.) 1.1 (20 ga.) 2 x 1 x 314 x 0.036'(20 ga.) 0.90 2 x 1-1/8 x 0.058" 0.94 1-1/2 x 3/4 x 5/8 x 1/8 2.1 1.4 x 3 4.1 H 50 2 x 1/8 1.65 (16 ga.) 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 314 x 0.090 1.9 2 x t x 3/4 x 0.036" 20 a. 1.2 2 x 3/16 2.44 2 x 1-1/8 x.090 1.33 2 x 1 x 3/4 x.090 2.03 2 x 2 x 1/8 2.4 1 75 2-1/2 x 2 x 314 x 0.058" 1.88 1.5 x 3 5.0 16 a. 2 x 1-1/8 x 1/8 J 100 2x1/4 3.2 3 x 1-1/8 x 0.058" 1.74 2x1 x3/4x1/8 2.63 1.6x4 5.4 2-1/2 x 1/8 2.1 16 a. 1.2 2-1/2 x 2 x 3/4 x 0.090 2.67 2-1/2 x 2 x 314 x 1/8 3.57 K 150 2-1/2 x 3/16 3.1 3 x 1-1/8 x 0.090 1.64 3 x 1-1/2 x 3/4 x 0.058' 2.0 (16 ga.) Not Given L 200 2-1/2 x 1/4 4.1 3 x 1-1/8 x 1/8 2.15 3 x 1-1/2 x 3/4 x 0.090 2.82 *Nominal El is number listed times 105. **See tie rod options. 143 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE NO. 6-2-K Transverse Joint Replacement for Tables Nos. 6-2-G, 2-H, 2-L, 2-N and 2-0 H-1/8 HS HS HR HR T T tTHS HS T T-16 T-21 a T-15 T-21 STANDING SEAM STANDING SEAM OR WELDED FLANGE REINFORCED WELDED FLANGE Minimum Rigidity 26 TO 22 GA. DUCT 20 TO 16 GA. DUCT Class WT WT WT WT El* NXT LF HS H x H x T LF HS H x H x T LF NxT LF (x 25. for mm) (x 1.488 (x 25.4 for mm) (x 1.488 (x 25.4 for mm) (x 1.488 (x 25. for mm) (x 1.488 for kg/m) for kg/m) for kg/m) for kg/m) A 0.5 1/2 x 0.024" 0.2 1/2 x 0.030" 0.1 (24 ga.) (22 ga.) B 1.0 3/4 x 0.024" 0.3 1/2 x 0.058" 16 ga.) 0.2 (24 ga.) 3/4 x 0.030' 22 ga.) 0.2 C 2.5 1 x 0.024" 0.5 3/4 x 0.047"(18 ga.) 0.3 (24 ga.) 1 x 0.030(22 ga.) D 5.0 3/4 x 0.058"(16 ga. 0.3 1" 1 x 1 x 0.058" 1.0 1 x 0.047"�18 ga.) 0.4 1 x 0.036"(20 ga. 0.5 (16 ga.) 1-1/4 x 0.030 (22 ga.) 0.3 E 10 1 x 0.058"�16 ga.) 0.7 1" 1 x 1 x 1/8 1.4 1" 1 x 1 x 0.058" 1.0 1-1/4 x 0.047" 18 ga. 0.5 1-1/2 x 0.024 (24 ga.) 0.7 (16 ga.) 1-1/2 x 0.030" 22 ga. 0.4 F 15 1-1/2 x 0.036" 0.7 1-1/2" 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 0.058" 1.8 1-1/4" 1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 0.058" 1.7 1-1/4 x 0.058" 16 ga. 0.6 (20 ga.) (16 ga.) (16 ga.) 1-1/2 x 0.036"� ga. 0.4 1-1/2 x 0.047" 0.8 1-1/2" 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 1-1/2" 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 1-1/2 x 0.058"(16 ga.) 0.7 G 25 (18 ga.) 1-1/2" 2 x 2 x 0.058" 2.0 2.4 (16 ga.) See T-16 1-1/2" 2 x 2 x 1/8' 2.7 1-1/2"1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 2.8 See T-21a H 50 and tie rod 1-1/2" 2 x 2 x 0.058" 2.0 and tie rod options (16 ga.) options Table No. 10-2-0 I 75 � 1-1/2" 2 x 2 x 1/8' 2.7 J 100 1-1/2" 2 x 2 x 3/16* 3.5 1-1/2" 2 x 2 x 3/16* 3.5 K 150 1-1/2" 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/16* 4.1 t L 200 1-1/2" 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4 5.3 1-1/2" 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/16* 4.1 *Nominal El is number listed times 105. 144 STANDARD FOR METAL DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 TABLE NO. 6-2-K (Continued) Joint T-1 Flat Drive as Class A Reinforcement Maximum Allowable Duct Maximum Reinforcement Static Width Dimension Spacing Interval Pressure (Pa) Inches (mm) Feet (mm) Note: Where Table Nos. 6- 1/2" W.G. (124) 20 (508) 10 (3048) 2-G, H, L, M and N require 1" W.G. (249) 20 (508) 8 (2438) Class A reinforcement, 14 (356) 10 (3048) joint T-1 is acceptable as 2" W.G. (498) 20 (508) 5 (1524) Class A within these para- 18 (457) 8 (2438) meters and without supple- mental reinforcement from 3" W.G. (764) 18 (457) 8 (2438) Table No. 6-2-J. 4" W.G. (995) 16 (406) 5 (1524) 12 (305) 8 (2438) 6" W.G. (1493) 1 12 (305) 5 (1524) TABLE NO. 6-2-L Rectangular Duct Reinforcement 3"W.G. (746 Pa) Static 0.058" 0.047" 0.036" 0.030" 0.024" Pos. or Neg. (16 gage) (18 gage) (20 gage) (22 gage) (24 gage) (x 25.4 for mm) (x 304.8 for mm) Duct Dimension Minimum Class Maximum Spacing 10" down Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required 11" to12" A@8' 13" to14" A@8' A@5' 15"to16" A@8' A@8' A@5' 17" to18" A@8' A@8' A@5' 19" to20" B@10' B@8' A@5' A@5' 21"to22" C@10, B@8' B@5' B@5' 23"to24" C@10, B@5' B@5' B@5' 25" to26" D@10' D@10' C@5' C@5' C@5' 27"to28" D@10' D@10' C@5' C@5' C@4' 29"to30" D@10' D@8' C@5' C@5' C@4' 31" to36" E@8' E@5' E@5' D@4' D@4' 37" to42" E@5' E@5' E@5' E@4' E@3' 43"to48" G@5' G@5' F@4' E@3' E@2-1/2' 49" to54" H@5' H@5' G@3' G@3' E@2-1/2' 55" to60" H@5' H@4' G@3' G@2-1/2' G@2-1/2' 61" to72" 1@4' H@3' H@4' H@2-1/2' F@2" 73" to84" J@3' J@3' J@2-1/2' 1@2' 85" to 96" L @ 3' K @ 2-1/2' J @ 2' G @ 2-1/2'" Over 96" H @ 2-1/2" Notes: 1.Reinforcement class refers to transverse joint or intermediate members having stiffness and other charac- teristics indicated in tables. 2.Joint spacing is unrestricted. 3.Reinforcement is evaluated for each duct side separately.When required on four sides, corners shall be tied. When required on two sides, corners shall be tied with rods or angles at the ends on 4 inch (995 Pa), 6 inch (1493 Pa) and 10-inch (2488 Pa) pressure classes. 145 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE NO.6-2-M Rectangular Duct Reinforcement 4' W.G.(995 Pa) Static 0.058" 0.047" 0.036" 0.030" 0.024" Pos. or Neg. (16 gage) (18 gage) (20 gage) (22 gage) (24 gage) x 25.4 for mm x 304.8 for mm Duct Dimension Minimum Class Maximum S acin 8" down Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required 9" to 10" i A @ 5' 11" to12" A@10' A@5' 13" to14" A@10' A@8' A@5' 15" to16" A@10' A@5' A@5' 17" to18" if B@10' B@8' A@5' A@5' 19" to20" C@10, C@10, B@8' B@5' B@5' 21" to22" C@10, C@10, B@5' B@5' B@4' 23" to24" D@10' D@10' C@5' C@5' C@4' 25" to26" D@10' D@10' C@5' C@5' C@4' 27" to28" E@10' E@8' D@5' D@5' D@4' 29" to30" E@10' E@8' D@5' D@5' D@4' 31" to36" E@5' E@5' E@5' E@4' D@3' 37" to42" F@5' F@5' F@4' E@3' E@2-1/2' 43" to48" G@5' G@5' F@3' F@3' E@2' 49" to54" H@5' H@4' G@3' G@2-1/2' F@2' 55" to60" 1@5' H@3' H@3' H@2-1/2' G@2' 61" to 72" 1 @ 3' 1 @ 3' 1 @ 2-1/2' H @ 2' 73" to 84" K @ 3' J @ 2-1/2' J @ 2' 85" to 96" L @ 2-1/2' K @ 2' K @ 2' Over 96" H @ 2-1/2" Notes: 1. Reinforcement class refers to transverse joint or intermediate members having stiffness and other charac- teristics indicated in tables. 2. Joint spacing is unrestricted. 3. Reinforcement is evaluated for each duct side separately. When required on four sides, corners shall be tied. When required on two sides, corners shall be tied with rods or angles at the ends on 4 inch (995 Pa), 6 inch (1493 Pa) and 10-inch (2488 Pa) pressure classes. 4. The same gage of metal shall be used on all four sides of a cross-section. 5. 'Plus tie rods at 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum along joints and intermediates. Tie rod sizes:1/4-inch (6.4 mm) diameter for 36-inch (914 mm) length or less; 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) diameter for over 36 inches (914 mm). Space at even divisions of duct width. 146 STANDARD FOR METAL DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 TABLE NO.6-2-N Rectangular Duct Reinforcement 6"W.G. (1493 Pa) Static 0.058" 0.047" 0.036" 0.030" 0.024" Positive (16 gage) (18 gage) (20 gage) (22 gage) (24 gage) x 25.4 for mm x 304.8 for mm Duct Dimension Minim m Class Maximum Spacing " down Not required Not re uired Not re uired Not required Not required 11"to12" A@10' A@5' A@5' 13" to14" IF A@10' A@8' A@5' 15" to16" A@10' B@10' A@5' A@5' 17" to i 10 C @ 1 ' B B B 4' 21" to22" D@10' C@8' C@5' C@5' C@4' " t " D @ 1 ' 25" to26" D@8' D@5' D@5' C@4' C@3' 27" to 2 " E D D D @ 4' 29"to30" D@5' D@8' D@4' D@4' D@3' 31"to36" F@5' F@5' E@4' E@3' E@2-1/2' 37"to42" G@5' G@4' F@3' E@2-1/2' 43"to 48" H @ 4' H @ 4' G @ 2-1/2' G @ 2-1/2' 49"to 54" H @ 4' H @ 3' H @ 2-1/2' G @ 2' 55"to 60" H @ 3' H @ 3' H @ 2-1/2' H @ 2' 61"to 72" J @ 3' J @ 2-1/2' 1 @ 2 73"to 84" L @ 2-1/2' K @ 2' 85"to 96" L @ 2' L @ 2' Over 96" H @ 2-1/2" Notes: 1. Reinforcement class refers to transverse joint or intermediate members having stiffness and other charac- teristics indicated in tables. 2. Joint spacing is unrestricted. 3. Reinforcement is evaluated for each duct side separately. When required on four sides, corners shall be tied. When required on two sides, corners shall be tied with rods or angles at the ends on 4 inch (995 Pa), 6 inch (1493 Pa) and 10-inch (2488 Pa) pressure classes. 4. The same gage of metal shall be used on all four sides of a cross-section. 5. 'Plus tie rods at 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum along joints and intermediates. Tie rod sizes:1/4-inch (6.4 mm) diameter for 36-inch (914 mm) length or less; 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) diameter for over 36 inches (914 mm). Space at even divisions of duct width. 147 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE NO.6-2-0 Rectangular Duct Reinforcement 10"W.G. (2488 Pa) Static 0.058" 0.047" 0.036" 0.030" 0.024" Positive (16 gage) (18 gage) (20 gage) (22 gage) (24 gage) x 25.4 for mm x 304.8 for mm Duct Dimension Minimum Class Maximum S acin 8" down Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required 9" to10" t A @ 5 A@5' A@4' 11" to12" A@8' A@5' A@5' A@4' 13" to14" B@8' B@8' A@5' A@4' A@3' 15" to16" B@8' B@5' B@5' B@4' A@3' 17" to18" C@8' C@5' C@5' B@4' B@3' 19" to20" D@8' C@5' C@4' B@3' B@3' 21" to22" C@5' C@5' C@4' C@3' C@3' 23" to24" D@5' D@5' D@4' C@3' C@3' 25" to26" D@5' D@5' D@4' D@3' C@2-1/2' 27" to28" E@5' E@5' D@4' D@3' D@2-1/2' 29" to30" E@5' E@4' D@3' D@3' D@2-1/2' 31" to36" F@5' F@4' F@3' E@2-1/2' E@2' 37" to42" H@4' G@3' G@2-1/2' F@2' 43" to48" H@3' H@2-1/2' G@2' G@2' 49" to 54" 1 @ 3' H @ 2-1/2" H @ 2' 55" to 60" J @ 3' 1 @ 2-1/2' 1 @ 2' 61" to 72" K @ 2-1/2' K @ 2 73" to 84" H @ 2' 85" to 96" H @ 2" Over 96" H @ 2" Notes: 1. Reinforcement class refers to transverse joint or intermediate members having stiffness and other charac- teristics indicated in tables. 2. Joint spacing is unrestricted. 3. Reinforcement is evaluated for each duct side separately. When required on four sides, corners shall be tied. When required on two sides, corners shall be tied with rods or angles at the ends on 4 inch (995 Pa), 6 inch (1493 Pa) and 10-inch (2488 Pa) pressure classes. 4. The same gage of metal shall be used on all four sides of a cross-section. 5. 'Plus tie rods at 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum along joints and intermediates. Tie rod sizes:1/4-inch (9.5 mm) diameter for 36-inch (914 mm) length or less; 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) diameter for over 36 inches (914 mm). Space at even divisions of duct width. 148 STANDARD FOR METAL DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 TABLE NO. 6-2-P-1 Rectangular Aluminum Duct Adapted from 3" W.G. (746 Pa) or Lower Steel Construction Tables Amend Table Nos. 6-2-G, 6-2-H and 6-2-L by using equivalent thicknesses from this table. Galy. Steel Thickness, Inches 0.016" 0.019" 0.024" 0.030" 0.036" 0.047' 0.058" (Gage) (28) (26) (24) (22) (20) (18) (16) Min. Aluminum equivalent* 0.023 0.027 0.035 0.043 0.052 0.068 0.084 Commercial Size 0.025 0.032 0.040 0.050 1 0.064 0.071 0.090 Aluminum weight 171.1 pounds per cubic foot (2738 kg/m3). *Note: The aluminum reference in the table is Alloy 3003-H14. If calculations are performed, the follow- ing allowable stresses shall be used: tension or compression, 10,000 psi (68.9 MPa); shear, 6,000 psi (41.4 MPa); bearing, 16,000 psi (110 MPa). Unstiffened flanges shall have stress reduced for the speci- fied width-to-thickness ratio. TABLE NO. 6-2-P-2 Dimension Adjustments Galvanized rigidity class A B C D E F G H I J K L Aluminum dimension per galvanized class C D E F H H I K ** ** ** ** **Calculate an Ix = 3 x that used for steel. TABLE NO. 6-2-P-3 Reinforcements inches x 25.4= mm Equivalent Aluminum*** Steel Angle Size, Inches Code Angle Size, Inches Steel Bar Aluminum Bar*** 1 x 1 x 0.058" (16 ga.) C 1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8 1 x 1/8 1-1/2 x 1/8 or 1-1/4 x 3/16 1 x 1 x 1/8 D 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 1-1/2 x 1/8 1-1/2 x 3/8 or 2 x 3/16 1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8 E 1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 1/8 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 F 2 x 2 x 3/16 or 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/8 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 G 2 x 2 x 1/4 or 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/8 2 x 2 x 1/8 H 2-112 x 2-112 x 3/16 2 x 2 x 3/16 1 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 5/1 6 or 3x3x1/4 2 x 2 x 1/4 J 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/8 or 3x3x1/4 2-112 x 2-112 x 3/16 K 3 x 3 x 3/8 or 3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/4 ***Alloy 6061-T6 strength normally Notes for Tables 6-2-P-1, P-2,and P-3: 1. For Tables Nos. 6-2-G, 6-2-H, and 6-2-L, use equivalent thickness from Table No. 6-2-P-1 for required thickness of aluminum stock. 2. For Tables Nos. 6-2-1 and 6-2-K: 2a)A connector not using angles or bar stock shall have its thick- ness increased per Table No.6-2-P-1 and its dimensions increased per Table No.6-P-2. 2b)A con- nector using angles or bar stock shall have its aluminum thickness increased per Table No. 6-2-P-1 and shall use either aluminum stock or galvanized stock from Table No. 6-2-P-3. 3. Table No. 6-2-J: Galvanized steel members of dimensions given may be used or aluminum mem- bers having thickness and dimension conforming to Table No.6-2-P-3 may be used. Other suitable aluminum shapes having a moment of inertia three times that of steel may be used. 4. Button-punch snaplock seams shall not be used in fabricating aluminum rectangular duct. 149 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Tie Rod Installations The use of ties does not void the need to attach In Tables Nos. 6-2-G, H, L, M, N and O, duct sizes reinforcements to the duct wall. However,when ties over fourty-eight(48)inches(1219 mm)have a tie rod occur outside of the duct as on two-side reinforce- optional construction for positive pressures. ments at four (4) inch w.g. (995 Pa) and over, the attachment within two (2) inches (51 mm)of the cor- TABLE NO. 6-2-0 ner is not required. Intermediate Tie Rods at Reinforcement When ties occur in two directions in the same (Between Joints) [-(in.x 25.4=mm)� vicinity, they shall either be prevented from contact- ing or shall be in permanent contact. Duct Table Reinforcement Reinforcement Grade Ties may be used as components of the suspen- Width Grade for Tie Rod Option sion system for ducts over ninety-six (96) inch (2438 49"to 96" G, H, I or J 1-1/2"x 1/2"x 1/8"angle mm)width,provided that the hanger load is directly with tie rod at center transmitted to a trapeze or duct reinforcement mem- 73" to K or L 1-1/2"x 1-112" x 3/16" ber beneath the duct. angle with tie rod at center The construction of ducts of widths greater than 97" up H with tie rod 2" x 2" x 1/8" ninety-six (96) inches (2438 mm) requires use of tie angle with tie rod at 60" rods on Grade H joints and intermediates (2" x 2" x maximum intervals 1/8") (51 mm by 51 mm by 3.2 mm) at intervals not exceeding sixty (60) inches (1524 mm) in the trans- verse direction. For ten (10") w.g. (2488 Pa), sixteen Tie Rods at Joints (16) gage(1.47 mm.) ducts with two(2)feet(610 mm) The direct attachment of the tie rod by brazing or reinforcement spacing is required;eighteen(18)gage welding to a vertical leg of the joint is allowed for (1.19 mm) duct is required at lower pressures with joints T-15,T-20,T-22 and T-23. spacings of two(2)feet(610 mm)at six(6")w.g.(1493 The attachment of a tie rod to an angle that rein- Pa); 2-1/2 feet (762 mm) at one (1") to four (4") w.g. forces a joint is allowed for joints T-4, T-8, T-9, T-15, (249 Pa to 995 Pa) and five (5) feet(1524 mm) at 1/2" T-16,T-19 and T-21.The angle shall meet the require- w.g(124 Pa). ments for tie-rodded intermediate reinforcement. The attachment of two tie rods or tie straps to the duct wall by welding or bolting within one (1) inch (25.4 mm) of both sides of joints T-15, T-20,T-21 and T-23 is allowed. Additional General Requirements Ties shall be attached in such a manner that they will not loosen or detach with normal operating pressure fluctuations in the duct.When ties are to be welded to the duct wall, the rod or strap shall have a ninety degree(90°) (1.57 rad)bend with 5/8-inch(15.9 mm) minimum extension beyond the bend. The extension of the rod shall be welded to the duct.The strap shall be welded to the duct at the ninety degree(90°) (1.57 rad)bend. Holes made in the duct wall for tie rod passage shall be the minimum size. Tie rods shall be galvanized steel of 1/4 inch(6.4 mm) minimum diameter if thirty-six (36) inch (914 mm) length or less and 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) minimum diameter for greater length. Tie straps shall be one (1) inch by 1/8 inch (25.4 mm by 3.2 mm) galvanized steel minimum and the smallest edge shall face the airflow direction. Ties shall be spaced at even intervals of duct width riot exceeding sixty(60) inches(1524 mm). 150 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE STANDARD NO.6-3 Test Method for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Electrical Cable and Plastic Sprinkler Pipe Based on Standard No. 910, 1985 and Standard 1887, 1989 of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. See Section 602.0, Uniform Mechanical Code Section 6.301 Scope (1372 mm,2896 mm and 4877 mm± 152 mm)on the This is a test method for determining values of flame opposite side. distance and smoke density for exposed electrical The top shall consist of a removable metal-and- cables and plastic sprinkler pipe that are to be mineral-insulation composite unit whose insulation installed in concealed spaces above suspended consists of nominal two (2) inch-thick (51 mm) ceilings used as air plenums without the cables being mineral-composition material. The top unit is shown enclosed in raceways in those spaces.The purpose of in Figure No. 6-3-3 and shall completely cover the this test method is to determine whether the flame- fire-test chamber. The mineral-composition material propagation and smoke-generating characteristics of shall have physical characteristics comparable to the these cables without raceways and the plastic following: sprinkler pipe are in accordance with the provisions Maximum effective temperature-1200°F of Exception 5 or 6 to Uniform Mechanical Code (649°C) Section 602.2. Bulk density-21.0 (33.6 kg/m3) t 1.5 Ibm/ft.3 (336.4±2.4 kg/m3) Section 6.302 Exclusions Thermal conductivity-0.50-0.71 Btu•inch per This test method does not cover the construction or hour•square foot•OF[0.072 to 0.1 W/(M-K)]at performance requirements for cables or sprinkler 300OF to 7000F(1490C to 371°C) pipe, nor does it cover the electrical requirements of The entire top-panel unit shall be protected with the cables. flat sections of high-density (nominally 110 Ibm/ft?) (176 kg/m')0.25 inch(6.4 mm)mineral-fiber/cement Section 6.303 Fire-Test Chamber board maintained in unwarped and uncracked The fire-test chamber shall consist of a horizontal condition through continued replacement. While in duct having the shape and size shown in Figures place, the top panel shall be completely sealed Nos. 6-3-1,6-3-2 and 6-3-3. The sides and base of the against the leakage of air into the fire-test chamber duct shall be lined with insulating masonry as during the test. illustrated in Figure No. 6-3-2,consisting of a row of The ladder-type cable tray used to support the A.P. Green G-26 refractory firebrick. The operation open-cable test specimens or the wiring-in-raceway and calibration of this equipment is based on the use test specimens is shown in Figures Nos. 6-3-2 and 6- of A.P. Green G-26 refractories. One side shall be 3-3. The tray shall be fabricated from cold-rolled provided with a row of double-pane (inside pane steel,50,000 psi(324 MPa)minimum tensile strength. mounted flush with inner wall—see Figure No. 6-3- The solid-bar-stock side rails shall be as shown in 3) pressure-tight (as described in Section 6.305) Section S-S in Figure No. 6-3-3. The C-shaped- observation windows located so that the entire channel rungs shall be as shown in Section Q-Q in length of the specimens being tested can be observed Figure No.6-3-3. Each rung shall be 11.25 inches(286 from outside the fire-test chamber. mm)long.The rungs shall be welded to the side rails The ledges shall be fabricated of structural nine (9) inches (229 mm) on centers along the tray metal. Water-cooled structural-steel tubing is length. The tray may consist of several sections acceptable for this purpose. having a total assembled length of 23.9 feet (7285 mm) and shall be supported with sixteen (16) To provide air turbulence for combustion, supports equally spaced along the length of the tray. turbulence-inducing baffling shall be provided by The supports shall be fabricated from bar steel. positioning six A.P. Green G-26 refractory firebricks One end of the test chamber, designated as the (long dimension vertical and 4.5 inch (114 mm) "fire end," shall be provided with two gas burners dimension parallel to wall) along the sidewalls of delivering flames upward that engulf the cross the chamber at distances of 7.0, 12.0 and 20.0, ± 0.5 section of the test specimens midway between two feet(2134 mm,3658 mm and 6096 mm±152 mm)on rungs of the cable tray. The burners shall be the window side and 4.5, 9.5 and 16.0, ± 0.5 feet 151 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE positioned transversely to each side of the center line to-cell path length of thirty-six (36) ± two (2) inches of the furnace so that the flame is evenly distributed (914 mm ± 51 mm), sixteen (16) inches (406 mm) of over the width of the specimens.See Figure No.6-3-2. which are taken up by the smoke in the vent-pipe The controls used to maintain a constant flow of interior as shown in Section C-C of Figure No. 6-3-1. gas to the burners shall consist of a pressure The cell shall be connected to recording devices for regulator, a gas meter calibrated to read in indicating changes in the attenuation of incident increments of not more than 0.1 ft.'(2.8 Q,a gauge to light by passing smoke,by particulate matter and by indicate gas pressure in inches of water, a quick- other effluents. acting gas-shutoff valve, a gas-metering valve, and The output of the photoelectric cell shall be an orifice plate in combination with a manometer to connected to a recording device that processes the assist in maintaining uniform gas-flow conditions. signal into a continuous record of smoke obscuration. An air intake fitted with a vertically sliding shutter TO extending the entire width of the test chamber shall Optical density= log10 be provided at the fire end. The shutter is to be T positioned to provide an air-inlet port as shown in WHERE: Figure No.6-3-1. Tp = the initial light transmission (without The other end of the test chamber, designated as smoke). the "vent end," shall be fitted with a rectangular-to- T= the light transmission during the test. T round transition piece, which shall be fitted to a varies with the amount of smoke. round flue pipe. The movement of air shall be by induced draft. The draft-inducing system shall have A No. 18 AWG(1.02 mm)thermocouple(nominal a total draft capacity of at least 0.15-inch (37-Pa) wire cross-section of 1275 circular mil) (64.6 x 106) water column with the specimens in place, with the with 0.375 ± 0.125 inch (9.5 mm ± 3.2 mm) of the shutter at the fire end open to its normal position, junction exposed in the fire-chamber air shall be and with the damper in the wide-open position. A inserted through the floor of the test chamber so that draft-gauge manometer to indicate static pressure the tip is one (1) inch ± 0.031 inch (25.4 mm ± 0.78 shall be inserted through the top at the midwidth of mm) below the top surface of the gasketing tape the tunnel,just downstream of the air-intake shutter. twenty-three (23) feet± 1/2 inch(7010 mm± 13 mm) The damper shall be installed in the vent pipe from the center line of the burner ports and at the downstream of the smoke-indicating attachment center of the width of the chamber. described in this section. A No. 18 AWG (1 mm) thermocouple (nominal An automatic draft-regulator controller may be Fire cross section of 1275 circular mil) (8.2 x 10'ml) mounted in the vent pipe downstream of the manual embedded 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) below the floor damper. Other manual, automatic or special draft- surface of the test chamber shall be mounted in regulation devices may be incorporated to maintain refractory or portland cement at distances of 13.5 and airflow control throughout each test run. twenty-three (23) feet (4115 mm and 7010 mm) from The room in which the test chamber is located the fire end of the burner posts. shall have provision for a free inflow of air to maintain the room at atmospheric pressure Section 6.304 Test Specimens—Cables throughout each test run. Cable specimens in twenty-four (24) feet (7315 mm) A light source shall be mounted on a horizontal lengths shall be installed in a single layer across the section of the vent pipe at a point at which it is bottom of the cable tray. The specimens shall be laid preceded by a straight run of round pipe at least into the tray in parallel, straight rows without any twelve (12) diameters or sixteen (16) feet (4877 mm) space between adjacent specimens other than that from the vent end of the rectangular-to-round needed for the cable fasteners described in the transition section, and it is not affected by flame following paragraph. The number of cable specimens from the test chamber. The light beam shall be shall equal the measured inside width of the rack directed upward along the vertical axis of the vent divided by the cable diameter as determined using a pipe. The vent pipe shall be insulated with high- diameter tape or the equivalent,with the result of the temperature mineral-composition material from the division rounded off to the nearest lower whole vent end of the chamber to the photometer location. number of specimens that fit, considering the A photoelectric cell having an output directly presence of cable fasteners. proportional to the amount of light received shall be Bare copper tie wires not larger than No. 18 mounted over the light source with an overall light- AWG (1.02 mm) (nominal wire cross-section of 1275 circular mil) (64.6 x 10-6) may be used to fasten cable 152 TEST METHOD FOR FIRE AND SMOKE CHARACTERISTICS OF Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-3 ELECTRICAL CABLE AND PLASTIC SPRINKLER PIPE specimens to the rungs of the cable tray wherever a air velocity at each of seven points, each located one tie is necessary to keep a cable in contact with the (1) foot (305 mm) from the vent end shall be rung, straight and parallel with all of the other cable recorded. These points shall be determined by specimens and to minimize movement during the dividing the width of the tunnel into seven equal test. A tie shall not be used in any manner that alters sections and recording the velocity at the geometric the ability of the cable to transmit gases and/or center of each section. The average velocity shall be vapors longitudinally through the core of the cable. 240±5 feet per minute(1.22 m/s±0.03 m/s). Properties applicable to identification of the The air supply shall be maintained at 70°F ± 5°F cable specimens shall be determined and recorded. (21°C ± 2.8°C) and the relative humidity shall be kept at 35-40 percent. Section 6.305 Test Specimens—Pipe The test fire which produces approximately Plastic sprinkler pipe shall be installed to fill the 300,000 Btu per hour (87.9 kW) shall be fueled with bottom of the tray.The pipe specimens shall be placed bottled methane gas of uniform quality and with a on a mesh screen in the tray.The mesh screen shall be heating value of approximately 1000 Btu per cubic galvanized wire cloth with 0.047 inch (1.2 mm) wire foot (372.3 MJ/m3). The gas supply shall be initially diameter and having 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) openings. adjusted to approximately 5000 Btu per minute (87.9 The length of pipe is to be fastened to the screen with kW). The gas pressure, the pressure differential fasteners as described in the next paragraph. across the orifice plate, and the volume of gas used Bare copper tie wires not larger than No.18 AWG shall be recorded in each test. A length of coiled (1.02 mm) (nominal wire cross section of 1275 circular copper tubing shall be inserted into the gas line mil) (64.6 x 10-6)may be used to fasten the specimen to between the supply and the metering connection to the mesh screen and rungs of the tray wherever a tie is compensate for possible errors in the indicated flow necessary to keep a specimen in contact with the rung because of reductions in the gas temperature and to minimize movement during the test. A tie is associated with the pressure drop and expansion not to be used in any manner that alters the ability of across the regulator, or other applicable means of the specimen to transmit gases or vapor correction may be used. With the draft and the gas longitudinally through the core of the specimen. supplies adjusted, the test flames shall extend downstream to a distance of 4.5 feet (1372 mm) over Section 6.306 Calibration of Test Equipment the specimens,with negligible upstream coverage. One 0.250 inch (6 mm) mineral-fiber/cement board The test chamber shall be preheated with the shall be placed on the ledge of the furnace chamber. mineral-fiber/cement board and the removable top The removable top of the test chamber shall be in place and with the fuel supply adjusted to the placed in position. required flow. The preheating shall be continued until the temperature indicated by the floor With the board in position and with the thermocouple at twenty-four (24) feet (7315 mm) removable top in place,the draft shall be established reaches 150°F± YF(66°C ±YQ.During the preheat to produce a 0.15-inch water-column(37-Pa) reading test,the temperatures indicated by the thermocouple on the draft manometer with the fire-end shutter at the vent end of the test chamber shall be recorded open three (3) ± 0.062 inches (76 mm ± 1.6 mm) and at 15-second intervals and shall be compared to the with the manual damper in the wide-open position. preheat temperatures taken at the same intervals Then,the fire-end shutter shall be closed and sealed. from the representative curve of temperature as a The manometer reading shall increase to at least a function of time shown in Figure No. 6-3-4. The 0.375 -inch water column (93 Pa), indicating that no preheating is for the purpose of establishing the excessive air leakage exists. conditions that exist following successive tests and to In addition, a supplemental leakage test shall be indicate the control of the heat input into the test conducted periodically by activating a smoke bomb chamber. If appreciable variation from the in the fire chamber while the fire shutter and exhaust temperatures shown in the representative preheat duct beyond the differential manometer tube are curve occurs because of variations in the sealed. The bomb shall be ignited and the chamber characteristics of the gas used, adjustments in the pressurized to 0.375 ± 0.150-inch water column (93 fuel supply shall be made prior to proceeding with Pa ± 37 Pa). All points of leakage observed in the the red-oak calibration tests. form of escaping smoke particles shall be sealed. The furnace shall cool after each test. As soon as A draft reading shall be established within the the floor thermocouple at fourteen (14) feet (4267 range of a 0.055 to 0.085-inch water column(14 Pa to mm) shows a temperature of 105°F ± YF (41°C ± 21 Pa). The required draft-gauge reading shall be YQ, the next set of specimens shall be placed in maintained by regulating the manual damper. The position for test. 153 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE With the test equipment adjusted and The photoelectric-cell output shall be recorded conditioned as described in this section, a test or immediately prior to the test and continuously series of tests shall be made using nominally 23/32 during the test. inch (18.25 mm) select grade red-oak flooring in The gas pressure,the pressure differential across place of the mineral-fiber/cement board. Prior to the the orifice plate, and the volume of gas used shall be testing, the wood shall be conditioned to a moisture recorded for the duration of the test. content of 6-8 percent as determined by the 221°F After the gas supply to the ignition flame is shut (105°C) oven-dry method in accordance with off, smoldering and other conditions within the nationally recognized standards. Observations shall furnace shall be observed and recorded, and the be made continually and the time shall be recorded specimens removed for examination. when the flame reaches the end of the specimen— that is, 19.5 feet (5944 mm) from the end of the ignition fire. The end of the ignition fire shall be Section 6.308 Report considered as being 4.5 feet (1372 mm) from the The report shall include all of the following for each burners. The flame shall reach the end point in 5.5 test: minutes ± 15 seconds. The flame shall be judged to 1. A detailed description of the open-cable have reached the end point when the vent-end thermocouple registers a temperature of 980°F specimens tested. (527°C). The temperature measured by the 2• The number of lengths used as specimens thermocouple near the vent end shall be recorded at for the test. least every 30 seconds. The photoelectric-cell output 3. The graph of flame distance versus time for shall be recorded immediately prior to the test and at the duration of the test. least every 15 seconds during the test. The test shall 4. The values of the peak optical density and be run for 10 minutes. average optical density. The temperature and change in photoelectric-cell 5. The graph of the optical density of the readings shall be plotted separately on coordinate smoke generated during the test versus time for paper. Figures Nos. 6-3-5 to 6-3-7 are representative the duration of the test. Optical density may be curves for the flame spread on red oak, fuel obtained by computer-assisted computation of contribution of red oak,and the optical density from the logarithm to the base 10 of the light red oak. transmission data. Following the 10-minute calibration tests for red 6. Observations of the condition of the test oak, a similar test or tests shall be conducted on specimens after completion of the test. specimens of 0.250 inch (6.4 mm) mineral- 7. For electrical cable the weight of nonmetallic fiber/cement board. The temperature readings shall components normalized to a figure based on 1000 be plotted separately on coordinate paper. Figure feet (304.8 m) of tray length. For example, if the No. 6-3-8 is a representative curve for the fuel weight of a length of one (1) foot (305 mm) of the contribution of mineral-fiber/cement board. specimen cable minus the metallic-component weight,is 0.016 pound (0.0073 kg)and there are 15 Section 6.307 Test Procedure cables in the tray, then the normalized value is The cable tray and supports shall be placed in the 0.016 x 15 x 1000=240 pounds per 1000 feet of tray. test chamber with the end one (1) inch (25.4 mm) downstream from the center line of the burners. Section 6.309 Acceptance Criteria The furnace shall be preheated and cooled as To be acceptable for installation exposed in described in Section 6.306. concealed space above suspended ceilings used as The specimens shall be installed and the air plenums, electrical cable and plastic sprinkler removable test-chamber top placed in position on pipe shall: top of the furnace side ledge. 1. Exhibit a flame travel not greater than five The test equipment shall be adjusted and (5)feet(1524 mm),and conditioned as described in Section 6.306 with the 2. Produce smoke having an average optical test specimens in place. density not greater than 0.15 and a peak optical The test gas flame shall be ignited. The distance density not greater than 0.5 when tested as and time of maximum flame front shall be observed outlined in this standard. and recorded. The test shall be continued for 20 minutes. 154 TEST METHOD FOR FIRE AND SMOKE CHARACTERISTICS OF Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-3 ELECTRICAL CABLE AND PLASTIC SPRINKLER PIPE FIGURE NO.6-3-1 in x 25.4=mm Details of Fire-Test Chamber ft x 304.8-mm See Figure No. 6-3-2 for Section B-B FIRE END VENT END it-Inlet Port for Air Supply, Photoelectric Cell 3 t 1/16 Inches Insulated Gradual Rectangular- Adjustable Air-Intake Shutter To-Round Sheet-Metal Vent Pipe 16 Feet 25 Feet Length of Test Chamber Minimum I I _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Manometer CPOOOODOOOC�000DOOO -, a'�Connecion Thermocouple_ — — —— Light Source L� g Gas Burners for ' Ignition Fire 21 Feet Min.from Vent End 2 Inches Thermocouples, 4 t 5—i+r— 1/8 Inch Below Surface 40 Feet Maximum Inches 13 Feet, 6 Inches -- 7-5/8 t 3/8 Inches Access for velocity To Induced-Draft Measurements System •. _)� '-16 Inches I.D. 12 t 1/2 Inches 2 Inches Min. High-Temperature .: Mineral-Composition Material —T Automatically p T Controlled Damper SECTION A-A SECTION C-C FIGURE NO.6-3-2 Section B-B See Figure No. 6-3-3 for details of the cable tray and supports Removable Metal-and-Mineral 0.25-Inch Liquid Seal CompositeTop Panel Mineral-Fiber/Cement Board 7-71 Water-Cooled _ _ 0.125-Inch Fibered Glass Belting Structural-Steel Tube 12 Inches 11.25Inches Test Specimens _ Double-Pane Cable-Tray Rungs _T Panes Observation 4.0t0.51n. Window, 2.75t0.25 Cable .00±0. 625 by 11.0+2.0-1.0 Inches Tray__ 6.875 Inches Inches Support In. 0.75- 5.030.5 Fire Brick Elbows Inc es —9.0 x 4.5 x 2.5 Inches Max. Temp. 2600°F i 1 , 155 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE FIGURE NO.6-3-3 in x 25.4=mm Details of Steel Cable Tray and Supports ft x 304.8=mm S _ 0.375 Inch _ I Q Q 11.25Inches 12 Inches _ IA—Specimen Placement 3.75 ( 4.75 Inches 12 9-Inch Spaces, 108 Inches Overall -- — 0.375 Inch - ------ 116.5 Inches - 1.5 Inches 0.187 Inch { 0.25 Inch--ir- 2.0 Max. Rad 1- 0.125 Inch � 0.125 Inch— � Inches , 0.51nch 0.51nch 1.5 Inches 825 i-A 25Inch Inch_ �1 Inch — inchet s 1 -0.375 Inch 0.631nch 4 6.0 Inches Max. Rad. (Typ.) SECTION Q-Q SECTION Q-Q SECTION S-S SUPPORT (RUNG) (ALTERNATE RUNG) (SIDE RAIL) FIGURE NO. 6-3-4 Representative Preheat Curve N C7 L�L 600 LO II 550 U w W w 500 Q c7 w 0 450 420 Atli ► I � Illlll � ll � illll`i'T't�t��cMdIllllltt �'T" 300 --+ -» 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MINUTES 156 TEST METHOD FOR FIRE AND SMOKE CHARACTERISTICS OF Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-3 ELECTRICAL CABLE AND PLASTIC SPRINKLER PIPE FIGURE NO.6-3-5 Representative Curve of Flame Spread on Red Oak 24 22 20 Spread of 18 Flame on ILL 16 Wood U14 Specimens 12 � 10 p 8 6 4 Feet, 6 Inches 4 2 Ignition Fire 0 _ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MINUTES inx25.4=mm ftx304.8=mn FIGURE NO.6-3-6 Representative Curve of Fuel Contribution of Red Oak N M LL 1200 End Point of rn 980T At 5 Minutes, U 1000 30 Seconds o IL. uj 800 IL lU cc W 600 O 400 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MINUTES 157 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE FIGURE NO.6-3-7 Representative Curve of Optical Density from Red Oak 0.10 ....... .. ...... 0.09 .............. :1..:. 0.08 r 0.07 U) z 0.06 w 0.05 < =M-7 Q 0.04 0 A 0.03 0.02 .. .... LL 'A 0.01 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MINUTES FIGURE NO.6-3-8 Representative Curve of Fuel Contribution of Mineral-Fiber/Cement Board I fill 11 1111 1 11111 1111111 11111111 600 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111 1111111 1111111 1111 11 fill fill I IIII I IIIII 550 LL I I Lo Cn I A-,I w w 500 1 1 1 w 450 15 Seconds 300 Tq i i i i i i i I i i i 1 1 1 1 1 i if±I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MINUTES 158 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE STANDARD NO.6-5 Standard for Installation of Factory-Made Air Ducts Based on the 1989 Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards published by the Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association,and the Guidelines for Installing Flexible Ducts published by the Air Diffusion Council. See Section 602.3 of the Uniform Mechanical Code. Section 6.501 Scope joining two duct sections,pulling the staple flap over These requirements are intended to supplement the adjoining section and stapling as shown in Figure information contained in the manufacturer's No.6-5-1. installation instruction sheets included in each carton of material, which cover fabrication, closure FIGURE NO.6-5-1 methods, reinforcement and hanging of factory- Tape Closure Joint with Staple Flap made rigid and flexible air ducts complying with U.M.C. Standard No. 6-1. The standard is divided into two parts: Part A covering rigid ducts and Part Closure tape centered over B covering flexible ducts. edge of stapling flap, V \ (25.4 mm) min. overlap Part A—Rigid Ducts \ Staples outward Section 6.502 General \` clinching,min. 1/2" (12.7 mm) long The use of these ducts is governed by U.M.C.Section \ Staple flap 602.1, together with the restrictions contained in Approx. 2" _ Section 604.2. For information regarding the on�centers fabrication of rectangular ducts from flat sheets of duct board, refer to the document upon which this standard is based, and the manufacturer's instruction sheet. When staple flaps are not present, crosstabs are used to hold seams and joints in position for Section 6.503 Closure Systems reinforcing the closure system. Cross tabs, made (a) General. Closure systems are a vital element in from eight (8) inch (203 mm) minimum lengths of the proper assembly of fibrous glass duct systems. closure tape,are to be equally spaced on each side of They provide both the structural connection and the joint. Cross tabs are spaced on twelve (12) inch sealing of seams and joints for air tightness. Only (305 mm) (maximum)centers,with at least one cross listed closure systems identified in the tab per duct side (Figure No. 6-5-2). Cross tabs may manufacturer's installation instructions are suitable be placed either under or over the closure tape. for use with rigid fibrous glass duct systems. Listed (d) Application of Pressure-Sensitive Aluminum closures include: Foil Tapes. Use minimum 2-1/2-inch-wide (64 mm) 1. Pressure-sensitive aluminum foil tapes. listed pressure-sensitive tape. Position the tape along 2. Heat-activated aluminum foil/scrim tapes. the edge of the flap in a manner that will allow one(1) inch-minimum(25.4 mm)overlap on adjacent surfaces. 3. Mastic and glass fabric tape systems. If tape has been stored at temperatures less than Listed closure systems may be used on listed 50OF (10°C), it should be conditioned prior to use by duct board materials. placement in a warm environment in order to (b) Surface Preparation. In order to obtain improve the initial tack. satisfactory adhesion and bonding, the surface on If the duct board has been located in an which closures will be applied must be free from dust, atmosphere of less than 50°F(10°C),the surfaces to be dirt,oil,grease,moisture and similar substances. taped must be preheated to assure a satisfactory bond (c) Joint and Seam Preparation. Longitudinal of the tape. Using any suitable heating iron with the seams are fabricated with a shiplap joint which is plate temperature set at 400OF(+25°F)(204°C+140C), closed with the use of outward-clinching staples at preheat the area to be taped. Quickly position the two (2) inches (51 mm) on center, through the tape on the preheated area and press in place. Pass stapling flap of the jacketing material. Transverse the iron two or three times over the taped area using joints between two duct sections are prepared by a rapid"ironing'motion(see Figure No.6-5-5). 159 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Rub tape firmly with a plastic squeegee (Figure adhesive (see Figure No. 6-5-4). A satisfactory bond No. 6-5-3) until the facing reinforcement shows has been achieved when the heat indicator dots have through the tape. darkened. FIGURE NO. 6-5-2 FIGURE NO.6-5-4 Tape Closure Joint without Staple Flap Heat-Activated Tape Crosstab Closure Tape Centered over Butt Joint Min.8" (203 mm) 110( Approx. Centered 12 over Joint, Min. 1 (305 mm) Per Side Max. Butt Joint FIGURE NO. 6-5-3 Pressure-Sensitive Tape Use a second pass of the iron to complete the bond by applying pressure to the front edge of the iron in a smearing action(see Figure No.6-5-5). FIGURE NO.6-5-5 Hot Iron, Second Pass When operating pressure is less than one (1) inch W.G. (249 Pa) (positive pressure), and sheet metal surfaces are cleaned in accordance with tape manufacturer's instructions, pressure-sensitive tape may be used to seal fibrous glass duct to sheet metal. Allow all joints and seams to cool below 150°F(65°C) (e) Application of Heat-Activated Tapes. Position before any stress is applied.Avoid puncturing the the 2-1/2-inch (64 mm) (minimum) tape along the tape at staple locations with excessive pressure from edge of the flap in a manner that will allow a one (1) the iron. inch-minimum (25.4 mm) overlap on adjacent (f) Application of Glas-Fab and Mastic Tape surfaces. Using a suitable heating iron with a plate Systems. Apply a thin coat of mastic approximately temperature between 550OF and 600°F (287°C and 3-1/2 inches (89 mm) wide over the center of the 3160C), pass the iron along the tape seam with joint seam. Firmly press the three (3) inch (76-mm) - sufficient pressure and dwell time to activate the wide glass fabric into the mastic(see Figure 6-5-6). 160 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 FIGURE NO.6-5-6 Section 6.504 Reinforcement Glass Fabric into Mastic (a) General. Reinforcement is used to limit the deflection of the duct surface caused by internal static pressure loading. The maximum dimension of 'r unreinforced ducts, which is a function of the system operating pressure, is shown on the manufacturer's label,affixed to each piece of duct board. Duct systems made from Types 475 and 800 fibrous glass duct board may use one or more of the following reinforcement methods: 1. Tie rod reinforcement. 2. Channel reinforcement. The reinforcement schedules contained in Tables Nos.6-5-1,6-5-2 and 6-5-4 are suitable for zero(0)inch to two(2)inch W.G. (0 Pa to 498 Pa)duct systems. While some duct dimensions may not require any Apply a second coat of mastic over the glass reinforcement in straight sections, certain fittings of fabric, filling the scrim pattern as indicated in Figure the same dimension may require reinforcement. This No.6-5-7. requirement is noted wherever applicable in this Follow the manufacturer's label instructions on standard and in Table No. 6-5-4.Fitting reinforcement application rate, safety precautions, ventilation is accomplished by the use of tie rods wherever requirements, shelf life limitations and minimum possible, and with channel reinforcement applied setup time required before stress can be applied to the Where tie rods cannot be used. joint or seam. (b) Tie Rod Reinforcement—Positive Pressure 1. Tie Rods. Tie rods consist of straight lengths FIGURE NO.6-5-7 of twelve(12)gauge(2 mm)galvanized steel wire Second Coat of Mastic with flat steel volcano-type washers and any of three approved termination devices (see Figure 6- 5-8). The 2-1/2 inch (64 mm) square shall be installed so turned edges face away from the duct board facing. FIGURE NO.6-5-9 Tie Rod Placement Closure Tape f•/ centered over edge of stapling N Tie Rod:12 gauge(2 mm)wire See Figure No.6-5-8 for termination: 2-1/2"(64 mm)Sq.Washer, 0.028"(.71 mm)thick Stapling Flap on Male Shiplap Side a Male When connecting fibrous glass duct systems to u Female sheet metal, as in connections to flanges or central air 0 4°(102 mm)Nom. equipment, fasteners such as sheet metal screws and " to Clear closure washers must be used to carry the mechanical load. Glass fabric and mastic can then be applied to seal the connections at these points. Usually, two widths of glass fabric will be required. 161 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE FIGURE NO.6-5-8 Terminations: Fasloop; Pop Rivet Sleeve; Locking Cap n II II o C�— Tie Rod Length=Duct O.D.+1-3/4" (44 ml n II U 0 11 1 Pop Rivet C==:==> Cn > �� Tie Rod Length=Duct O.D. 71 � Locking Cap O n �—� Tie Rod Length= Duct O.D. +7/16" (11.1 mm) 2. Location.In relation to transverse joints,the tie rods are spaced 4 inches(102 mm)from the end of the female joint,as shown in Figure No.6-5-9. 162 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 When butt joints are used instead of ship lap The spacing of tie rods is shown in Table joints,tie rods are placed in rows located at three No.6-5-1. (3)inches(76 mm)on either side of the joint. When the sides of the duct exceed the Alternate: A single tie rod reinforcement dimensions which require reinforcement (see may be used if the butt joint is glued with an Table No. 6-5-1), horizontal tie rods are also adhesive system documented by the duct board installed per the schedule. manufacturer. 4. Typical Tie-Rod Reinforcement 3. Spacing.Tie rods are placed in rows of two Examples, Positive Pressure Ducts. See (2) to five (5) rods, across the face of the duct, Section 6.504(b)2 for placement of tie rods and with row spaces varying from sixteen(16)inches sag supports in relation to joints. Sag support is to forty-eight (48) inches (406 mm to 1219 mm) required in ducts forty-eight (48) inches (1219 depending on duct size and operating pressure. mm.)and greater in width. TABLE NO.6-5-1 Tie-Rod System Reinforcement Schedule(Positive Pressure Only) Washer,2-1/2"(64 mm) Square x 0.028"(0.71 mm) w 4 Tie Rod:12 Gauge(2.05 mm) Thick,with Turned Edges ,";' Straight Galvanized Steel Wire. Away from Facing,Volcano See Figure No.6-5-8 for Type,Hole in Center Approved Wire Terminations Maximum Type 475 Board Type 800 Board Positive Inside Dud No.Rods Maximum No.Rods No.Rods Maximum No.Rods Static Dimension Across Longitudinal per 4 Ft. Across Longitudinal Per 4 Ft. Pressure Inches Dimension Spacing Section Dimension Spacing Section (x 248.8 for Pa) (x 25.4 for mm (x 25.4 for mm) (x 25.4 for mm) 0 through 0-36 1/2" 37-42 2 24" 4 2 48" 2 W.G. 43-48 49-60 3 6 3 3 61-64 24" 6 65 80 4 8 4 8 81-96 5 1 1 10 5 10 Over 1/2" 0-24 through 25-30 1 24" 2 1 48" 1 1"W.G. 31-32 24" 2 33-36 2 4 2 4 37-48 64 3 6 3 6 L0 4 8 4 8 81-96 5 10 5 10 Over 1" 0-15 through 16-18 1 24" 2 ' 2"W.G. 19 24 1 24" 1 25-32 16" 3 24" 2 33-48 2 6 2 4 49-60 3 9 3 6 61-64 16" 9 65 80 4 12 4 12 81-96 5 Jr15 51111 15 'Straight ducts of these dimensions do not require reinforcement.However,some fittings of these dimensions may require reinforcement. Notes:1. Tie rods and washers must be no more than 16"(406 mm)on centers across duct dimension. 2. Ducts of 48"(1219 mm)width and over require use of anti-sag devices.See Fig.6-5-11A. 3. For duct dimensions over 96"(2438 mm),maintain tie rod spacing on 16"(406 mm)centers across the duct dimension following longitudinal spacing for the design pressure. 163 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE The number of tie rods across the duct FIGURE NO. 6-5-11A width shall be as required in the schedule Sag Control—Tie Rod Reinforcement contained in Table No.6-5-1. The longitudinal spacing of the rows of tie rods is based upon the schedule in Table No. 6- o 5-1. This spacing will vary from forty-eight (48) o 0 inches(1219 mm) on center to as close as sixteen (16)inches(406 mm)on center. 1 Female FIGURE NO.6-5-10 `' Shiplap _. Side k Sag Support Tie Rod Reinforcement Rows on twenty-four(24) Inch (610 mm)Centers,forty-eight(48)Inch 12"(305 mm)Max. / - ' -� Male Shiplap Side (1219 mm) Duct Section 24"(610 mm)Nom.(Typ.) 16"Max �_ FIGURE NO.6-5-11B (406 mm)-- /� Sag Control Detail 16"Max �,l' -�4"Max (406 mm) —p 102 mm) 3"(76 mm)_ l O C7/Q Imo_ Nom. 4' Duct Board Sag Support Shiplapped Joint tt i li 1/2" (12.7 mm) 12"Max. tt Steel Conduit (305 mm) \ / it Tie Rod L2-�11/2" Rod (64 mm) q.Washers Duct Board 5. Sag Control—Tie-Rod Reinforcement Shiplapped Joints. Top panels of fibrous glass duct sections or fittings, forty-eight (48) inches (c) Channel Reinforcement (1219 mm) wide or greater, may sag due to the 1. General. Another reinforcement system, for weight of the duct board when the system is not use in either positive or negative pressure duct pressurized. To control this condition, sag systems,consists of formed sheet metal channels supports must be provided. Figure No. 6-5-11A wrapped around the perimeter of the duct. shows a typical installation. When channels must be attached to the Sag supports do not replace tie-rod duct, for sag control or negative pressure assemblies as called for in the reinforcement reinforcement, No. 10 plated sheet metal screws schedule, but must be installed in addition to and 2-1/2-inch (64 mm) square, 0.020-inch (0.5 them. Hangers must be located within twelve mm) (minimum) thick sheet metal washers are (12)inches(305 mm)of the sag supports. used. These must have turned edges to prevent For easier mating of fittings and duct cutting into the duct board. In positive-pressure sections during installation, a 1/2-inch (12.7 applications wraparound channels need not be mm)diameter steel conduit and washers may be attached to the duct board except when required added to an existing tie-rod assembly at the for sag control. female shiplap end. Table No. 6-5-2 gives longitudinal spacing, When ducts are fabricated with butt joints, sheet metal gage and channel height dimensions sag supports must be installed on both sides of of reinforcement, depending on the duct board the joint. A hanger must be installed within type, maximum inside dimensions and static twelve(12)inches(305 mm)of the sag support. pressure. This is a minimum reinforcement schedule applying to straight sections. This 164 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 schedule will also apply to fittings, but a fastened with bolts,screws,rivets,spot welds or simplified schedule may also be used (see Table staples. Reinforcements may also be fabricated No.6-5-3). with two (2), three (3) or four (4) securely 2. Channels. Channels must be fabricated fastened corners. from galvanized sheet metal of the gage shown 3. Location of Channels. Channels are in Table No.6-5-2. normally offset four(4)inches(102 mm)from the Channels are three (3) inches (76 mm) wide, end of the duct section to facilitate installation of with a height(H)as shown in Table No.6-5-2. sag supports and the closure system. Each reinforcement may be fabricated from Where wraparound channels without sag a continuous length of channel having three support are used, the channel is slipped over the ninety degree(90°) (1.57 rad)bends and a fourth closure tape after the tape is applied,centered over ninety degree (900) (1.57 rad) corner which is the female shiplap end for maximum support. TABLE NO.6-5-2 Channel System Reinforcement Schedule Maximum TV Pe 475 Board TV pe 800 Board Inside Duct Maximum Channel H Maximum Channel H Static Dimension longitudinal gage dimension longitudinal gage dimension Pressure I.D. ,in. spacing (see below) spacing (see below) x 248.8 for Pa x 25.4 for mm x 25.4 for mm x 25.4 for mm 0- ew," 0-30 1/2" 31-36 24" 22 1" 48" 22 1" W.G. positive 0-36 0 through 37-42 24" 22 1" 48" 22 1" 1/2"W.G. 43-48 positive or 49-60 1-1/2" negative 61-72 24" 11. 73-84 85-96 1-1/4" Over 1/2" 0-24 " through 1" 25-30 24" 22 1" 48" 22 1" W.G. 31-36 24" positive or 37-42 negative 43-48 49-60 61-72 18 18 73-84 1 1-1/4" 1-1/4" 85-96 Over 1" 0-15 through 2" 16-18 24" 22 1" W.G. 19-24 24" 22 1" positive or 25-36 16" Ill negative 37-48 1-1/4" 49-60 61-72 18 1 16" 18 1" 73-84 1-1/4" 1-1/4" 85-96 1-1/2" 1-1/2" Gage as 'Straight ducts of these dimensions do not H specified require reinforcement.However,some fittings of these dimensions may require reinforcement -I Note:Ducts of 48"(1219 mm)maximum width and over require use of anti-sag devices. 165 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE FIGURE NO. 6-5-12 16-Inch(406 mm)Centers,48 Inch (1219 mm) Duct Sections -F 6 im)(7 Gage as Specified #10 Plated Sheet 12-1 7/2" (64 mm) Metal Screw Sq.Washer Inside Duct DETAIL (@Typical, Center of each Channel Approx. 16" O.C.-><- (406 mm)Approx- 16" O.C.><�' (406 mm) Appro 16" O.C— (406 mm) Joint FIGURE NO. 6-5-13 Channel Reinforcement for Negative Pressure Systems Duct Outside Height H 90. Duct (I.57 rad)Outside Width 17 18 or 22 Gage(0.047 in or 0.030 in) (1.19 mm or 0.76 mm) (76 mm)� See Figure No.6-5-2 DETAIL B.CHANNEL REINFORCEMENT Two#10 x 1-1/4"(32 mm) Sheet Metal Screws 16"(406 rn)on Center Closure Tape Fernal Male Clip r 1-1/2" "(38 mm) 166 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 4. Sag Support and Typical Channel (Note: The foregoing arrangements are Reinforcement. When the duct is forty-eight important and, if not followed closely, may (48) inches (1219 mm) wide or greater,channels result in system failure.) are secured to the top for sag support with No. 3. Additional Fasteners. When additional 10 plated sheet metal screws and 2-1/2 inch (64 channels are required [as with twenty-four (24) mm)square washers (see Detail A). The number inch and sixteen(16)inch(610 mm and 406 mm) of channels along the duct shall be in accordance spacing], they are attached to the duct with No. with Table No.6-5-2. 10 plated sheet metal screws and 2-1/2 inch (64 mm) square washers (see Detail A of Figure No. (d) Negative-Pressure Channel Reinforcement 6-5-12). 1. Locating Reinforcing Channels. In The spacing of the fasteners through each negative-pressure applications such as return-air reinforcement channel is the same as for joint ducts,the channel reinforcement is applied over clips (see Table No. 6-5-3). A typical layout for the male shiplap. Special clips are installed negative pressure ductwork is shown in Figure inside the duct (see Figure No. 6-5-13), which No.6-5-14 and Detail C. will support both the male and female sides of the duct joint. The clips are fastened in place FIGURE NO.6-5-14 with two sheet metal screws. Channel Reinforcement on twenty-four(24)Inch 2. Clips. Clips are formed from 20 gage (0.036 (610 mm)Centers,forty-eight(48)Inch (1219 mm) inch) (0.91 mm) galvanized steel, with turned Duct Section edges as shown in Detail B. Clips are spaced not more than sixteen (16) Male Female inches(406 mm)apart and not more than sixteen (16) inches (406 mm) from the sides of a duct. (.oe mm (aos mm> Clip The number of clips required is shown in Table 2-1/2"(64 mm) sq. washers No.6-5-3. 1s" (406 mnmj`— _>Max. 2 20 Gage (0.036 in) 2"�\� (51 mm) (0.91 mm) Galvanized Steel j 1/2" i 6" (152 mm) Approx 24" (12.7 mm) / (610 mm) 0:6>• < (25.4 mm) Approx 24" (610 mm) 0.�� DETAIL A.CLIP,NEGATIVE PRESSURE REINFORCEMENTSYSTEMS (e) Fitting Reinforcement—Positive-Pressure Systems TABLE NO.6-5-3 1. General. Fittings are reinforced with tie Detail B—Clip, Negative Pressure Systems rods or channels based upon the duct dimensions using the criteria found in Tables Nos.6-5-1 and 6-5-2. Fastener Requirements, Negative Pressure Some fittings, branches, tees or offsets may Transverse Minimum Number of Clips or require reinforcement even though schedules for Dimension Washers per Reinforcing Member straight ducts of the same dimension may show in x 25.4=mm reinforcement is not required. 16"-32" 1 2. Partial Wraparound Reinforcement. 33"-48" 2 Where reinforcement is required, but cannot be 49" -64" 3 fastened to opposite sides of a duct section or 65"- 80" 4 fitting, it is necessary to install formed sheet 81"-96" 5 167 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE NO.6-5-4 Partial Wrap-Around Reinforcement Schedule Type 475 Board TvDe 800 Board Positive Maximum Maximum Static Inside Duct Longi- Dimen- No.of Inside Duct Longi- Dimen- No.of Pressure Dimension, tudinal sion screws, Dimension, tudinal sion screws, Inches spacing L each end Inches spacing L each end x 248.8 for Pa x 25.4 for mm x 25.4 for mm 0"through 0-36 Not required 0-36 Not required 1/2"W.G. 37-96 24" 4" 1 37-60 48" 4" Pf— Over 61-96 24"1/2" 0-24 Not required 0-24 Not required through 1" 25-48 24" 4" 1 25-30 48" 24" 1W.G. 49-64 7" 2 31-48 24" 6580 10" 3 49-64 __+_ 213" 4 65-80 381-96 4 Over 1" 0-15 Not required 0-18 Not required through 2" 16-24 24" 4" 1 19-24 24" 4" 1 W.G. 25-32 16" 25-32 7" 2 33-48 7" 2 33-48 10" 3 49-64 10" 3 49-60 13" 4 65-80 13" 4 61-64 16" 10" 3 81-96 1 IF 16" 5 65-80 14" 81-96 16" 5 FIGURE NO.6-5-15 Partial Wrap-Around Reinforcement DETAILOA 3" (76 mm) Channel /� See Table No. 6-5-4 No. 10 Plated Sheet Metal Screw for dimensions. L�� See Table 6-5-3. 2-1/2" (64 mm) Sq. Washer Inside Duct Maximum Dimension L Longitudinal See Table No. 6-5-4. A Spacing Airflow D 0 0 0 J ~4" (102 mm) Total length of channel = outside duct dimension + twice L dim., Table No. 6-5-4 168 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 metal channels that partially wrap around a fibrous glass duct system fitting at the required FIGURE NO.6-5-16 location. (See Table No. 6-5-2 for appropriate Tie Rod Reinforcement at Diagonal X-Y--Midspan gage and profile.)In such cases,No. 10 by 1-1/4- inch (32 mm) plated sheet metal screws and 2 - 1/2 inch (64 mm) square washers, 0.020 inch (0.51 mm) (minimum) thick, are used to attach 0 the ends of the channels to the duct board. (See x v Detail D and Table No.6-5-4.) 3. Fitting Reinforcement-90-Degree (1.57 rad) Elbows. If neither dimension A nor B (see A B Inside � Inside Figure No. 6-5-16 are greater than the Dimension $ ) g Dimension maximum unreinforced duct dimension (see Table No.6-5-1),but diagonal X-Y is greater than the maximum unreinforced duct dimension in accordance with Table No. 6-5-1, install tie-rod reinforcement at midspan of diagonal at point No. 1 in Figure No.6-5-16. Duct Board If either A or B is greater than the maximum r 3" x 3" x 4" (76 x 76 x 102 mm) unreinforced duct dimension: --=; 7, 20 Gage (0.036 in.) (0.91 mm) Angle r.� 1 -2-1/2" (64 mm) Square Reinforce in accordance with Table No.6-5-1. 1 washer Inside Duct r- Reinforce four(4)inches(102 mm)upstream #10 Plated Sheet Metal Screw from female shiplap joints. 2-1/2" (64 mm) Square Reinforce at point No. 1 (Figure No. 6-5-16) washer Inside Duct where center lines intersect. DETAIL E (Note: Turning vanes in Figure No. 6-5-16 are Throat Reinforcement omitted for clarity.Turning vanes do not replace reinforcement.) Heel and Throat Panels.If duct dimension H I (see Figure No. 6-5-17) is less than the maximum Q 4., unreinforced duct dimension from Table No.6-5-1, �. 3 (76 mm) but more than twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm), a:t� install sheet metal angle in accordance with m ! (76 mm) Detail E below. (Angle may also be installed on inside of throat.) When duct dimension H normally requires reinforcing, install sheet metal angle as shown at No. 2, Figure No. 6-5-17 and Detail F. Install tie rods through angle on upstream side, sixteen(16) inches (406 mm) on centers, in accordance with Table No. 6-5-1,with angle of length L from table below. (x 25.4 for mm) No.Tie Rods 1 2 3 4 5 Angle Length L, inches 4 20 36 52 68 169 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE FIGURE NO. 6-5-17 Angled branches and positive takeoffs may Sheet Metal Angle at Throat Large 90-Degree be reinforced using the same methods as for tees. (1.57 rad)Elbows The amount and type of reinforcement depends on the dimensions of the takeoff and the system pressure(see Table No.6-5-1). 2-1/2"(sa mm)Sq.Washer If H is not ter than s 16 sixteen inches 406 �y and Tie Rod Termination g ( )mc ( { 3"x 3"(76 x 7s m) mm)and W(see Figure No.6-5-18)is greater than Tie Rods 20 Gage(0.036 in)(0.91 mm)Angle twekve(12)inches(305 mm),install reinforcement i; L #10 Plated Sheet Metal Screw in accordance with Detail E on the top of the `� "`• 2-1/2"(64 mm)Sq.Washer Inside branch where it intersects the trunk duct. FIGURE NO.6-5-18 © Sheet Metal Angle Reinforcement—Sides of Branch 11 {I 3"(76 mm) 4"(102 mm) (76 mm) 13"(76 mm) When duct dimension H normally requires reinforcing,install sheet metal angle as shown at If H is greater than sixteen (16) inches (406 No. 2, Figure No. 6-5-17 and Detail F. Install tie mm) and W is less than the maximum rods through angle on upstream side, sixteen unreinforced duct dimension,reinforce the side of (16) inches (406 mm) on centers, in accordance the branch as shown at No.2,Figure No.6-5-18. with Table No.6-5-1,with angle of length L from table below. (Note: The maximum unreinforced dimension is (inches x 25.4=mm) thirty-six (36) inches (914 mm.) at 1/2 inch W.G. (124 Pa),twenty-four(24)inches(610 mm)at one No. Tie Rods 1 2 3 4 5 (1) inch W.G. (249 Pa), and sixteen (16) inches Angle Length L, inches 4 20 36 52 68 (406 mm)at two(2)inches W.G(498 Pa). If H (Figure No. 6-5-18) is greater than Install three (3) inch (76 mm) channel sixteen (16) inches (406 mm) and W is greater reinforcement on heel panels as shown in Figure than the maximum unreinforced duct dimension 6-5-17, spaced in accordance with Table No. 6-5-4 (see Table No. 6-5-1), install long angle clips in and fastened in accordance with Figure No.6-5-15. accordance with Detail C of Figure No. 6-5-14 (Note: Attachment of angles is best done after with tie-rod reinforcement through the branch closure is completed. This requires sections to be and trunk ducts (similar to Figure No. 6-5-17) as short enough to allow the installer to reach inside required by Table No.6-5-1.A combination of tie to install the 2-1/2-inch(64 mm)square washers.) rods and partial wraparound reinforcement (see Figure No.6-5-15)may be used. (Note: For reinforcement of mitered elbows, If A (see Figure No. 6-5-19) is less than the refer to reinforcement standards for offsets.) maximum unreinforced duct dimension, but 4. Branch Connections(Tees).Many branches diagonals X-Y or Y-Z exceed the maximum may require reinforcement even though schedules allowable unreinforced duct dimension, install for straight ducts of the same dimensions may tie rods as shown at No. 2, four (4) inches (102 show reinforcement is not required. mm)from female shiplaps. 170 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 FIGURE NO. 6-5-19 FIGURE NO. 6-5-21 Tee Reinforcement Normal Tie Rod Locations Offset Reinforcement with Sheet Metal Plates and Tie Rods 4'(102mm� / w 1/8"Dia.Hole ' 4"(102 mm) (3.2 mm) A �" •-�, See detail below 1-1/2" -. .' 1-1/2" O 20 Gam3angl (38 mm) (0. m) e B - , —� till mdth.See Ii _detail above (102 mm) (76 a pL,-� Dia. Hole ,i J 2 (3.2 mm) (51 mm) Female Shiplap If A is greater than the maximum unreinforced duct dimension and B is greater than one half the maximum unreinforced duct dimension, install tie rods four (4) inches (102 If B is greater than the maximum mm) from female Shiplap joints as shown at No. unreinforced duct dimension and cheek panels 2 and also along branch center lines and, have a shi l joints, reinforce in accordance with additionally, spaced per Table No. 6-5-4 in the ship lap trunk duct. No. 1, four (4) inches (102 mm) from female shiplap (see Figure No. 6-5-20) with spacing in Where a splitter damper interferes with tie- accordance with Table No.6-5-1. rod reinforcement, wraparound channels must be used in their place. If the fitting uses butt joints, install the required spacing of tie rods three (3) inches (76 (Note: Turning vanes do not replace mm)on each side of the butt joint. reinforcement.) Where Table No. 6-5-1 requires more than 5. Offsets. Offsets require different types of one row of reinforcement, the rows shall be reinforcement for the cheek panels (sides, as parallel to the edges of the duct,and the spacing shown in Figure No. 6-5-20) and the heel and between sets of tie rods shall be in accordance throat panels (top and bottom,per Figure No. 6- with Table No.6-5-1. 5-21). The reinforcement for heel and toe joints is in accordance with Figure No. 6-5-21.Additional FIGURE NO.6-5-20 tie rods may be installed by using a longer plate Offset Reinforcement Cheek Panels with Shiplap at the heel, and also in the duct panel spaced in Joints accordance with Table No. 6-5-1. The penetrations at the toe plate are grouped as close 4", For required spacing, to the break in the metal as possible. (102 mm) ` see Table 6-5-1 When dimension A requires more than one 4"(102 mm) tie rod (see Table No. 6-5-1),sets of tie rods with metal angles shall be installed in rows parallel to 4• the side of the duct. (102 mm) Transitions are reinforced in the same manner with a tie rod extending from the flat side of the duct, through a plate or plates positioned on twelve (12), the heel joint of the Female _ 3 . fitting. Shiplap 6. Access Doors—Positive Pressure. If the access door width is not greater than the maximum longitudinal reinforcement spacing from Table No. 6-5-1, but interferes with reinforcement locations required by the table, 171 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE install tie rods four (4) inches (102 mm) from If access door height is greater than sixteen (16) both sides of the door opening in accordance inches (406 mm) and its width is greater than the with No. 1, Figure No. 6-5-22. Maximum maximum longitudinal reinforcement spacing reinforcement spacing must be in accordance shown in Table No. 6-5-1, install the frame for the with Table No.6-5-1. access door inside the duct, securing it to the duct wall with screws and washers (see Figure No. 6-5- FIGURE NO.6-5-22 23). Access Door Location Interfering with Install tie rods near the vertical sides of the door Reinforcement frame (Figure No. 6-5-22) and also near the top and bottom sides of the frame, spaced as specified in Table No. 6-5-1 with a minimum of one tie rod on each side of the frame. (Note: Use channel reinforcement in place of tie rods between access door and fire damper where tie rods would interfere with damper access or Q� 102 mml�� operation.) Q The duct door is fabricated from one (1) inch (25.4 mm) duct board installed with one (1)x one (1) Q Q x one(1)inch(25.4 x 25.4 x 25.4 mm.)twenty-two(22) Original i gauge (0.76 mm) Z-channel framing around the Reinforcement access door.Doors are gasketed and secured in place Location Spacing Per k with sheet metal screws,or the be hinged with Schedule-" Female Shiplap y may g sash lock fasteners as shown in Detail G. FIGURE NO.6-5-23 Duct Opening Frame inx25.4=mm Gasket Duct Wall Door Maw Framing Access Door Opening: #10 x 1-1/4"Sheet Metal Screws and 2-1/2"Square Washers 6"O.C. t i 1"x1"x3",22Gage (0.030 in)(0.76 mm) I ' U-Channel Framing Around Door Opening Framing Access Door: ° 1"xt"x1",22Gage P (0.030 in)(0.76 mm) Z-Channel Framing i Around Access Door 1"x 2",22 Gage Framing, Spot Welded or Pop Riveted to Z-Channel 6"(Max.)O.C. ; to Secure Fibrous Glass i i Duct Board i i Fibrous Glass Duct Board e� Door Fastened to Opening Framing with#10 Sheet Metal Screws,6" (Max.)O.C.,Min.2 Per Side oo 172 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 DETAIL G Sealing of fibrous glass duct board to the sheet Window Type Sash Lock Flanged Door metal sleeve must be made with glass fabric and mastic, except where operating pressure is less than Window Type Sash Lock one (1) inch W.G. (249 Pa) and the sheet metal surfaces are carefully cleaned,in which case pressure sensitive aluminum foil tape may be used. See 17s Section 6.503,Closure Systems,for methods. Door —► Gasket Section 6.506 Hangers and Supports (a) General. Fibrous glass ducts are light in weight, so that they can be supported with a minimum of hangers if care is taken as to placement of the supports. Gasket The charts and examples illustrated in this section show that the hanger treatment and spacing Door—o- required is dependent on duct dimensions. Trapeze- style channels, suspended by twelve (12) gauge (2.8 mm) (minimum)hanger wire (see Figure No. 6-5-25) are the preferred method of support. Channel gage and profile vary with duct size,but in no case should the supporting channel be less than two (2) inches Section 6.505 Fire Dampers (51 mm) wide. Channels may also be suspended by When fire dampers are required at penetrations of means of metal rods of one (1) inch-wide (25.4 mm) fire-rated walls,fibrous glass ducts must terminate at (minimum)galvanized steel straps. either side of such walls. Fire dampers shall be installed in accordance with the damper FIGURE NO.6-5-25 manufacturer's instructions and must be installed in Typical Hanger a steel sleeve. The opening in the wall shall be large enough to allow for thermal expansion of the sleeve and to permit installation of 5/8-inch (16 mm) gypsum board between the sleeve and framing. Hanger wire, 12 Gauge The sleeve must extend not less than three (3) (2.6 mm) (Min.) inches (76 mm) beyond the face of the wall so that or Hanger Rod the duct can be slipped onto the sleeve. The duct is secured to the sleeve with screws and washers, as shown in Figure No.6-5-24. Ij FIGURE NO.6-5-24 II Attachment to Fire Damper Sleeves #10 x 1-1/4"Sheet Metal Screws and 2-1/2"Square Sheet Metal Sleeve ` Washers,12"(Max.)O.C., Through Fire Wall as to attach duct board to specified in fire damper sheet metal sleeve �;?�r` '., manufacturer's instructions Closure Closure 1 Channel (See Table No.6-5-6 for sheet �1 Fire 1_2 metal gage and dimensions.) I Nom. Damper I I I (in.x 25.4=mm) 173 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE When channel reinforcement members occur FIGURE NO.6-5-27 within maximum hanger spacing as shown in Table Hanger Spacing and Extension Using 3-Inch No. 6-5-5, sheet metal straps may be bolted to the (76 mm)Wide Channels channel reinforcement as shown in Figure No. 6-5- 26. Support may also be made with twelve (12) gauge(2.8 mm.) (minimum)wire. Maximum , TABLE NO.6-5-5 Hanger Spacing See Table Maximum Hanger No.6-5-5 Duct Size, Inches Spacing, Feet (x 25.4 for mm) (x 304.8 for mm) 48"wide or greater 4 Less than 48"wide and less than 12" deep 6 E �_ Width between 24" and 48"and otter greater than 24" deep 6 Extension���� 3•(76 mm) Less than 48"wide and depth See Table No.6-5-6 E between 12" and 24" 8 Width 24" or less and depth greater than 12" 8 TABLE NO.6-5-6 Channel Selection FIGURE NO.6-5-26 If Total Extension is Min. Channel Min. Channel Not Greater than: Gage Profile Hanging from Channel Reinforcement 6" 24 3"x 1.5" 18" 22 3"x 2" 30" 18 3"x 2" Hanger Strap, (c) Spacing. Hanger spacing per Table No. 6-5-5 or 1"(25.4 mm) Figure No. 6-5-28 is based upon three (3) inch (76 Wide (min.) mm)-wide(minimum)channels. 6"052 mm)max. For ducts not over forty-eight (48) inches wide by twenty-four (24) inches high (1219 mm by 610 mm), two (2) inch wide by 1-1/2-inch channels (51 mm by 38 mm), spaced not more than four (4) feet 1 (1219 mm) apart may be installed. The total 1 j i extension of the hanger supports shall not exceed six (6)inches(152 mm). i ra Hanger design and spacing for fibrous glass ducts is based upon extensive testing with loads exceeding twice the duct weight located between supports to assure the integrity of the duct system.Recommended hanger spacing is shown in Figure No.6-5-28.Caution should be taken with other types of hanger systems to assure that excessive stress is not placed on the hanger Channel Reinforcement or the fibrous glass duct system. (d) Fittings. Proper support of duct fittings may require that additional hangers be installed. (b) Hanger Design. Occasionally, hanger channels For an elbow, hangers should be on each leg, must be extended considerably beyond the duct Within twelve (12) inches (305 mm) of the throat. if sides so that the supports will clear other the width of the duct is greater than eighteen (18) obstructions. The total extension (E + E') of the inches (457 mm), an additional hanger must be supports beyond the duct sides (see Figure No. 6-5- installed (see Figure No. 6-5-29)so that dimension D 27),governs the minimum dimensions(see Table No. is approximately two thirds of the diagonal distance 6-5-6)of the channel. from throat to heel. 174 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 Figure No.6-5-28 in.x 25.4=mm Minimum Hanger Spacing, Straight Duct, ft.x 304.8=mm 3-Inch-Wide(76 mm)Channel ...... ... .. .. . ... .. 411 .......... ...... .... 44 ............. 40 11 36 6 Ft. Max. ................ . ...... .. .............. . .......... ..........11 32 .............. (D 028 ............. ........ .... . .............. ... ...... .......... . ....... ...... . .. ......... .. . ............. ,,,",. ................ ......... . . .... ................. .... .................. ... ..... ............. 20 Ft. Max. ........... ........... 16 . .. .. .........I.I. ... . .. I .... ... 12 8 6 Ft. Max. 4 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 Duct Width, Inside(inches) FIGURE NO.6-5-29 Elbow Support 45' (.79 rad)/ 2/3 of the diagonal distance from throat to heel (approx.)diagonal Required only when duct is greater than 18" (457 mm) in width V1,2" (305 mm) Max. 175 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE FIGURE NO.6-5-30 Tees require support on the trunk as shown in Tee Support Figure No. 6-5-30. If a tee runout hanger falls where the trunk duct is located, add hangers on either side of trunk.Do not exceed maximum hanger spacing. I I I I Branch ducts are treated in a similar manner Run-Out Do Not Exceed Run-Out with hanger spacing on the trunk duct in accordance Standard Hanger l i with Figure No.6-5-28. Spacing per Tables For diffuser drops, hangers are installed within i Nos. 6-5-5 and t6- three(3)inches(76 mm)of each side of the drop.The 5-6 connection of the drop to the duct is reinforced in Trunki-12" Max accordance with Figure No.6-5-31. (304.8 mm) If the drop assembly, including the diffuser, ------ weighs more than twenty-five (25) pounds (11.3 kg), the diffuser must be separately supported. (e) Hanging Rigid Round Duct. Preformed round fibrous glass duct should be hung so the hanger will not damage the duct facing. FIGURE NO.6-5-31 Diffuser Connection Sheet Metal Angle Brackets, 3" x 3" (76 mm x 76 mm), 22 Gage (0.030 in) (0.76 mm) to Attach Diffuser Drop to Trunk Duct r; Hangers to #10 x 1-1/4" (32 mm) -- '� Support Weight of 3" x 3" Sheet Metal Screws and f Diffuser (76 mm x 76 mm) 2-1/2" (64 mm) Square Angle Steel Washers, Min. 2 Per Side, 12" (305 mm) © 3" (76 mm) (Max.) O.C. 4 0 (Max.) Both Sides of Drop J'TapFibrousnk Duct Glass Drop Screws Diffuser or Grille DiWashers 176 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 FIGURE NO.6-5-32 FIGURE NO.6-5-33 Hanging Round Duct with Saddle and 12 Gauge Wires Extend Duct Fully T WRONG �--Wire,12 Gauge(2.1 mm) D .I L �-1 X'D-Il 5/8"(16 mm)(min.), 26 gage(0.019 in) (0.48 mm) RIGHT Straps or saddles in contact with the duct must be not less than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) wide. Avoid sharp edges and burrs. 2. Avoid bending ducts across sharp corners or incidental contact with metal fixtures, pipes or Space hangers at a maximum of six(6)feet(1829 conduits. The radius at the center line shall not mm) on center. Where practical, hangers should be be less than one duct diameter. located at circumferential joints. Provide hanger 3. Do not install near hot equipment (e.g., support at all fittings. furnaces,boilers, steam pipes, etc.) that is above the recommended flexible duct use temperature. Part B—Flexible Ducts FIGURE NO. 6-5-34 Section 6.507 Suitable Installations Wrong Method of Support (a) General Steam 1. The routing and length of flexible duct, the Pipes number of bends, the number of degrees of each bend and the amount of sag allowed between !J, support joints will have serious effects on system f I( performance due to the increased resistance each 1 introduces. Use the minimum length of flexible Ill I duct to make connections. It is not recommended that excess lengths of ducts be installed to allow for possible future relocations of air terminal devices. 2. Avoid installations where exposure to direct Section 6.508 Connecting, Joining and Splicing or indirect sunlight can occur,e.g.,turbine vents, Flexible Duct skylights, canopy windows, etc. Prolonged 1. All connections, joints and splices shall be exposure to sunlight will cause degradation of made in accordance with the manufacturer's the vapor barrier. installation instructions. 3. Terminal devices shall be supported 2. Unless specified by the manufacturer, independently of the flexible duct. adhesives are not recommended for use with 4. Repair torn or damaged vapor barrier nonmetallic flexible duct as they will chemically jackets with approved duct tape. If the internal react with the duct materials, causing core is penetrated, replace the flexible duct or deterioration and degradation. treat it as a connection. 3. Sheet metal collars to which the flexible (b) Installation ducts are attached shall be a minimum of two(2) inches(51 mm)in length. 1. Install duct fully extended. Do not install in 4. Sheet metal sleeves used for joining two the compressed state or use excess lengths. This will noticeably increase friction losses. sections of flexible duct shall be a minimum of four(4)inches(102 mm)in length. 177 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Installation Instructions for FIGURE NO.6-5-36A Nonmetallic Air Ducts with Plain Ends (a) Connections 1. After the desired length is determined, cut ' 1/ completely around and through duct with a knife.Cut the wire with snips or side cutters. 2. Tape together with at least two wraps of FIGURE NO. 6-5-35A approved duct tape. Secure with two approved End Connectors clamps. { y.::•,,;;.,, FIGURENO. 6-5-36B rI l 1/r { 1 r •x� { f! .r I 2. Pull back the jacket and insulation from the core. Slide at least one (1) inch (25.4 mm) of core 3. Pull the jacket and insulation back over the over collar, pipe or fitting. Tape with at least 2 wraps of approved duct tape. Secure with cores. Tape the jackets together with two wraps of approved duct tape. approved clamp. FIGURE NO.6-5-36B FIGURE NO.6-5-36C i• •.x.{ .ti•. •.J�r' Notes: a. For uninsulated duct/connector, disregard 3. Pull the jacket and insulation back over the reference to insulation and jacket. cores. Tape the jackets together with two wraps b. See manufacturer's installation instructions of approved duct tape. for approved tapes and clamps. c. Use beaded fittings for pressures exceeding FIGURE NO. 6-5-35C four (4) inches W.G. (995 Pa) and for diameters twelve(12)inches(305 mm)and larger. Section 6.509 Supporting Flexible Duct J.•.;:+{;{yj:: �'+''•fin :{:}'}:••Y.•.• n, (a) Flexible duct shall be supported at �• %,:?�; •x•::: `•1, manufacturer's recommended intervals but at no greater distance than four 4 feet 1219 mm } , Maximum permissible sag is 1/2 inch per foot (42 C, mm/m)of spacing between supports. A connection to rigid ducting or equipment shall (b)Splices. be considered a support joint. 1. Peel back the jacket and insulation from the Long horizontal duct runs with sharp bends core. Butt the two cores together on a minimum shall have additional supports before and after the four(4)inch-wide(102 mm)collar. bend approximately one duct diameter distance from the center line of the bend. 178 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 FIGURE NO.6-5-37 FIGURE NO.6-5-38 Proper Support 4'-0" (1219 mm) Max. Ceiling Joists Sag 1/2" Per Foot (42 mm/m) of Support Spacing l�\ O ^Wire n (38 m � (38 mm) Min. 1-1/2" (38 mm) Min. Wire\ T (1829 mm) Max. (b) Hanger or saddle material in contact with the (e) Support the duct between a metal connection flexible duct shall be of sufficient width to prevent and a bend by allowing the duct to extend straight any restriction of the internal diameter of the duct for a few inches before making the bend. This will when the weight of the supported section rests on avoid possible damage of the flexible duct by the the hanger or saddle material. In no case will the edge of the sheet metal collar. material contacting the flexible duct be less than 1- g 1/2 inches(38 mm)wide. (f) Vertically installed duct shall be stabilized by (c) Factory-installed suspension systems integral to support straps at a maximum of six (6) feet (1829 the flexible duct are an acceptable alternative mm)on center. hanging method when manufacturer's (Note: Factory-made air ducts may not be used recommended procedures are followed. for vertical risers in air duct systems serving (d) Flexible ducts may rest on ceiling joists or truss more than two stories.See U.M.C.Section 604.2.) supports. Maximum spacing between supports shall not exceed the maximum spacing per manufacturer's installation instructions. 179 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Section 6.510 Checklist Connection to Units The following checklist is provided for the benefit of Are sheet metal screws and washers the inspector,as well as the installer.It is designed so used to secure the duct system to flange that the correct answer to all questions is yes. extensions?(Securing the duct to the General Yes No unit flange without mechanical fasteners Have all tears or punctures to facing is sufficient.) () () material been repaired using the Closures—See Section 6.503 proper technique? () () Are all joints in the system properly Are all sheet metal accessory items sealed? () () galvanized? () () Are closure materials of a listed type as Product evidenced by presence of UL instruction Is the UL label present?(Although () () sheet in duct board carton,or imprinted each board is labeled,each section UL 181A on the tape? () () may not be,since there is only one Are there staples or cross tabs,properly label per sheet.) spaced,on circumferential joints? () () Fabrication and Installation Are all pressure-sensitive tape closures When metal parts are attached,are rubbed down adequately,with staples 2-1/2-inch(64 mm)(minimum) or scrim in facing clearly visible square steel washers used on 16-inch through the tape? () () (406 mm.)(maximum)centers? () () If heat-sealable tape closure was used, When staples cannot be used,are was it applied correctly,as evidenced by dot color change? 0 () 8-inch(203 mm)cross tabs of approved closure being used in place of staples? If glass fabric and mastic are used,is the (Tab spacing requirements are mesh of the glass fabric completely 12 inches,(305 mm)on center filled with mastic? () () minimum one per side.) () () Reinforcement—See Section 6.504 Are all system joints tight,free from Is the reinforcement system in bulges,with taped joints showing accordance with Section 6.504? () () good workmanship? () () Is the tie-rod spacing correct according Have offsets been installed so duct to duct span,board type and static sections are not forced to bend pressure? () () around obstructions? () () Are tie-rod washers 2-1/2 inches Fire Dampers—See Section 6.505 (64 mm)square? () () Is sheet metal sleeve present?Is duct Do tie-rod washers have turned edges properly attached to sleeve with facing away from duct board so they screws and washers 16 inches(406 mm) will not cut into it? () () on center?(Fibrous glass ducts must not If tie rods reinforce a butt joint,are penetrate assemblies required to have a rods used on both sides of the butt joint? () () fire damper.) () () Is wire termination one of those Access Doors documented in Section 6.504(b)? () () Is installation in accordance with Are antisag devices used on ducts Section 6.504(e)6? () () 48-inch(1219 mm)span or greater,to Grills,Diffusers,Registers—See Section 6.506(4) support top panel of ducts? () () Is the extra weight of the item being _ Are heels of tees,elbows and end caps separately supported and not reinforced(formed sheet metal channel, dependent on the duct alone for tie rod,combination)? () () support?(Exception:Registers not When formed sheet metal channel greater than 150 square inches reinforcement is used,are sheet metal (96.7 x 10'mm')in area may be gauges,dimensions and spacing correct? () () attached to the duct with metal charnel,without other support.) () () 180 STANDARD FOR INSTALLATION OF FACTORY-MADE AIR DUCTS Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 On return ducts,are sheet metal channel reinforcements attached to ducts with screws and 2-1/2-inch (64 mm)square washers or 2-inch by 6-inch(51 x 152 mm)clips? () () Hangers and Supports— See Sections 6.506 and 6.509 Are hangers installed in accordance with Section 6.506? () () Are hanger designs in accordance with Table No.6-5-6? () () Are accessories that add weight to the duct system separately supported so as not to stress the system? (See Section 6.506(4).) () () If formed sheet metal reinforcements are used as hangers,are attachments within 6 inches(152 mm)of duct sides? () () Are all fittings supported by hangers? () () 181 Appendix A, UMC Standard 6-5 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 182 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE STANDARD NO. 11-1 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals Based on Standard Test Method E 681-85 of the American Society for Testing and Materials See Section 1103.3 of the Uniform Mechanical Code. Section 11.101 Scope between trials until the composition which will just (a) This test method covers the determination of the sustain propagation of the flame is determined. lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of chemicals having sufficient vapor pressure to form Section 11.103 Definitions flammable mixtures in air at one atmosphere Lower Limit of Flammability or Lower Flammable pressure at the test temperature This method may be Limit (LFL) — The minimum concentration of a used to determine these limits in the presence of combustible substance that is capable of propagating inert dilution gases. No oxidant stronger than air a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the should be used. combustible and a gaseous oxidizer under the Note: The lower flammability limit and upper specified conditions of test. flammability limit are also referred to as the Upper Limit of Flammability or Upper Flammable lower explosive limit(LEL) and upper explosive Limit (UFL) — The maximum concentration of a limit(UEL)respectively. combustible substance that is capable of propagating (b) This test method is limited to an initial pressure a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the of 101 kPa (1 atm) or less with a practical lower combustible and a gaseous oxidizer under the pressure limit of approximately 13.3 kPa (100 mm specified conditions of test. Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature Propagation of Flame—As used in this method, the of this equipment is approximately 150°C(302°F). upward and outward movement of the flame front (c) This test method is one of several being from the ignition source to the vessel walls,which is developed by Committee E-27 for determining the determined by visual observation. flammability of chemicals. (d) This standard should be used to measure and Section 11.104 Significance and Use describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under (a) The lower and upper limits of flammability of controlled laboratory conditions and should not be gases and vapors define the range of flammable used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire concentrations in air. risk of materials, products, or assemblies under (b) Limits of flammability may be used to determine actual fire conditions. However, results of this test guidelines for the safe handling of volatile chemicals. may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment They are used particularly in assessing ventilation which takes into account all of the factors which are requirements for the handling of gases and vapors. pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a Note:The break point between nonflammability particular end use. and flammability occurs over a narrow (e) This standard does not purport to address all of concentration range at the lower flammable limit the safety problems,if any,associated with its use. It but is less distinct at the upper limit. is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and Section 11.105 Interferences determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precaution statements are given (a) This method is not applicable to certain readily in Section 11.107. oxidized chemicals. If significant oxidation takes place when the vapors are mixed with air,unreliable results are obtained. Flow systems designed to Section 11.102.1 Summary of Method minimize hold-up time may be required for such A uniform mixture of a gas or vapor with air is materials. ignited in a closed vessel and the upward and (b) Measured flammable limits are influenced by outward propagation of the flame away from the flame-quenching effects of the test vessel walls. The ignition source is noted by visual observation. The test vessel employed in this method is of sufficient concentration of the flammable component is varied size to eliminate the effects of flame quenching for 183 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE most materials. However, there may be quenching chlorine,etc.,in this glass apparatus. effects, particularly on tests run at subambient (b) Adequate shielding must be provided to prevent pressures. For certain amines,halogenated materials, injury in the event of equipment rupture,due to both etc., which have large ignition-quenching distances, implosions and explosions. A metal enclosure is one tests should be conducted in larger diameter vessels. method suitable for this purpose. 1. Implosion of the test vessel at high vacuum Section 11.106 Apparatus levels is possible and, therefore, all evacuations (a) Figure 11-1-1 is a schematic diagram of the must be made with the required shielding to apparatus. The apparatus consists of a glass test protect against flying fragments. vessel,an insulated chamber equipped with a source 2. Energetic explosions may be produced if of controlled-temperature air,an ignition device with tests are made at concentrations within the an appropriate power supply,a magnetic stirrer,and flammable range,between the LFL and UFL.The a cover equipped with the necessary operating glass test vessel, equipped with a lightly held or connections and components. loose cover, vents most explosions adequately. Nevertheless, shielding is required to protect Section 11.107 Safety Precautions against any probability of test vessel rupture. Methods for estimating initial test concentrations (a) Tests should not be conducted in this apparatus may be employed to ensure that initial trials are with oxidizers stronger than air since explosive conducted at concentrations less than the LFL or violence increases as oxidizer strength increases. Do greater than the UFL. not use oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, FIGURE 11-1-1 Schematic Diagram of Test Apparatus Cover Clamp To Vacuum Source Air �-� Inlet Pressure Gage Sample Inlet Light Holddown Ignition Power Springs Interior and Exterior Cover Clamp Temperature Measuring Rubber Stopper Devices Air Exit with Door with Safety Damper Glass Window Piano Hinge 5-litre Glass Flask Electrodes Insulated _ Chamber Stirring Bar { - �'� Source of Heated Air Spacer O Magnetic Stirrer Drive 184 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR CONCENTRATION Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-1 LIMITS OF FLAMMABILITY OF CHEMICALS 3. In rare instances, particularly with upper present as a result of cleaning or prior tests.As many limit tests self-ignition may be encountered as three evacuation/flush cycles may be required to when air is rapidly introduced into the partially ensure complete removal of combustion products evacuated test vessel containing vaporized between tests. sample. Valves permitting remote operation, (b) Adjust the flask to the desired test temperature. changes in sample and air introduction This temperature must be above the vapor sequences, simple shields, and other techniques condensation temperature of the mixture being may be employed to ensure safe operations. tested. 4. The test area should be equipped with 1. It may be necessary to heat or insulate cover electrical interlocks to prevent activation of the components and feed lines separately to prevent ignition source unless adequate shielding is in vapor condensation. place. (c) Record the actual barometric pressure at the test (c) Tests should not be conducted on thermally location. unstable materials which might undergo explosive (d) Double check to make certain all safety decomposition reactions. precautions have been taken. (d) Tests should be conducted in a fume hood or (e) Procedure for Sample Introduction as a other ventilated area to prevent personnel exposure Liquid to toxic chemicals or combustion products. (e) Precautions must be taken to ensure that the 1. Evacuate the flask to a pressure of 1.33 to 6.65 kPa(10 to 50 nun Hg). high-voltage spark ignition source does not contact temperature or pressure-measuring devices or other 2. Place the desired liquid volume in a conductive paths which could create an electrical hypodermic syringe of appropriate size. hazard to personnel or instrumentation outside the Transfer the liquid to the inlet separatory funnel shielded area. Careful attention to electrical (see Section 11.109(e)4.A.). insulation integrity can reduce the possibility of 3. Turn on the stirrer at a minimum speed of hazard. Disconnects for all instrumentation lines will 400 rpm. provide positive protection. 4. Open the inlet stopcock. Allow the sample to be drawn into the flask. Close the stopcock Section 11.108 Equipment Calibration when all the liquid has entered.Place a cover on (a) Accurate determination of the flask volume is the inlet separatory funnel. necessary for the calculation of flammable limits A. A serum-bottle septum may be used in when sample measurement is on a weight or volume place of the separatory funnel. In this case, basis. inject the sample directly into the flask by 1. Determine the total volume of the flask as piercing the septum with the hypodermic follows: Weigh a clean, dry flask with all needle. It will be necessary to make a components installed.Fill the flask with distilled volume correction if a significant volume of water. Reinsert the cover, allowing the excess liquid is drawn from the needle or water to overflow, dry the outside of the flask, uncalibrated portion of the syringe. and reweigh. Record the difference in grams as 5. When sample vaporization is complete, the net volume of the flask in cubic centimeters. remove the separatory funnel cover and open (Slight errors associated with water density the stopcock, permitting air to enter the test differences are beyond the accuracy of this vessel slowly through the separatory funnel (see method.) Section 11.107(b)3.). Entering air sweeps traces (b) Calibrate pressure-, temperature-, and liquid- of residual sample into the flask. measuring devices against adequate standards. 6. Release the cover hold-down devices and close the hood door. Section 11.109 Procedure 7. Continue stirring for at least 5 minutes to obtain complete mixing and attainment of (a) Assemble the equipment, as in Figure 11-1-1, thermal equilibrium. Final trials should be made within an appropriate fume hood or other ventilated at longer mixing times to ensure optimal mixing area and secure the door of the metal enclosure. The conditions are achieved. test vessel and all components should be clean and 8. Turn off the stirrer. dry.Evacuate the system and flush with air to ensure removal of residual volatile materials that may be 9. Record the test temperature,T. 185 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 10. Disconnect instrumentation lines as 17. Record the values for the greatest sample required. quantity,Ul,that will propagate a flame and the 11. Darken the viewing area. Activate the least quantity, U2, above U1 that will not ignition source. Observe for ignition and flame propagate a flame. propagation away from the ignition source. (f) Procedure for Sample Introduction as a Vapor Record as flammable any mixture producing a 1. Sample concentration can be measured for flame front that spreads from the ignition source gases and readily vaporized liquids on the basis and reaches the vessel walls. of vapor pressure. In this instance, equip the Note: Mixtures having a composition just vessel with a pressure transducer capable of outside the flammable range exhibit a small reading to the nearest 0.0667 kPa (0.5 mm Hg). cap of name above the arc position;in some The system must also be capable of maintaining cases a vertical streak of flame may a vacuum of 0.0667 kPa or less. propagate to the vessel cover. (Absence of a 2. Evacuate vessel and sample lines to a cap flame may be an indication of insufficient ignition energy.) The onset of pressure of 0.0667 kPa(0.5 mm Hg or less). spherical, upward, and partial outward 3. Introduce the sample as a vapor through an flame propagation signifies; a limit or near- appropriate inlet valve until the desired pressure limit mixture. It is suggested that detailed is achieved.Introduce air as in 11.109(e)5,raising observations of flame behavior be recorded the pressure to atmospheric. on all trials.Include such notes as flame cap, 4. Carry out steps 11.109(e)6 through no flame cap, upward and outward 11.109(e)17 as needed. propagation, downward propagation, etc. (g) Procedure for Sample Introduction as a Solid These observations can serve as a guide to narrowing the region of uncertainty 1. Chemicals having melting points above between and no-go trials. room temperature but which totally melt and vaporize or totally sublime at the test conditions 12. Vary sample size as required to find the may be added to the test vessel as solids. minimum sample size, L1, that gives flame propagation and the maximum sample size, L2, 2. Bring the test vessel to atmospheric pressure (prior evacuation must below Ll, that does not give flame propagation. employed, as in (The difference between Ll and L2 is a measure 11.109(a),to ensure cleanlineess s). of the variability of the procedure for the 3. Place the desired sample weight in the flask material being studied.) by raising the cover and inserting the sample. 13. If numerous trials are required for a given 4. Carry out steps 11.109(e)6 through series of tests,it may be necessary to remove the 11.109(e)17 as needed. vessel for cleaning periodically, particularly for Note: A small portion of the sample may be upper limit studies. lost from the test vessel as the sample 14. Final trials shall be made in a clean vessel. vaporizes and warms up to the test Note: Ignition failures and inconsistent temperature. Losses are minimized by performance are occasionally encountered delaying the start of stirring until when highly conductive or very high vaporization is complete maximum ignition energy materials are tested using a theoretical sample loss, which is small, may spark ignition source. Limits for these be readily calculated. materials should be determined using a fuse wire ignition source. Fuse wire ignition Section 11.110 Calculations should also be used to confirm reduced pressure limit values arrived at on the basis (a) Calculate the sample quantity, L or U, as follows: of spark ignition source trials. 15. Record the values of the sample volumes Ll L= 1/2 (L1 + L2) (1) and L2. If partial propagation occurs over a U = 1/2 (Ui + U2) (2) range of sample sizes greater than 10% of the Where: sample size. the range should be specified in the L = sample quantity used to calculate the lower report,for example,LFL=5.4 t 0.6%). flammable limit by Eq 3 16. Commence upper limit tests at a concentration greater than U2, as defined in fl = sample quantity used to calculate the upper flammable limit by Eq 3 Section 11.109(e)17. 186 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR CONCENTRATION Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-1 LIMITS OF FLAMMABILITY OF CHEMICALS For Ll and L2, see 11.109(e)12. For U1 and U2, see Note: Such limits are often given in the 11.109(e)17. literature' as weight of combustible per litre of (b) Calculate the lower (LFL) and upper (UFL) air at standard conditions(0°C and 760 mm Hg). flammable limits from the sample quantities. Ideal These limits may be calculated from the vapor phase behavior is assumed. following expression or by a similar expression 1. Liquid Samples (ideal vapor phase for UFL: behavior is assumed): LFL, mg/litre= LFL(volume%) LFL= Lv d T x(22.4) (Po) (1001 (3) [100-LFL(volume%)] r22.414(litre)' (MW) (P) (V) (To) IL J Where: MW(mg) LFL = lower flammable limit in mole or 1. Calculate lower flammable limits of mixed volume%, vapors and materials exhibiting nonideal vapor LV= L=sample volume from Eq 1,cm3, phase behavior as follows: LFL = Lw or Lv d x 100 (5) d=sample density, g/cm3, w V V T=test temperature, K, Where: LFLw = lower flammable limit, in MW=sample molecular weight, g, and milligrams per litre. P=test pressure, absolute, kPa(mm Hg). The second term is a constant for a given test 2. Calculate upper flammable limits using Eq apparatus where: Po = standard pressure (760 5,replacing LFL ,with UFLw,Lam,with Uw,and mm Hg), V = vessel volume (litres), and To = Lv with Uv1 standard temperature (273 K). (Any set of consistent units may be used for these calculations.) Section 11.111 Report Calculate upper flammable limits by replacing (a) Report flammability limits, LFL and UFL, LFL with UFL and LV with UV in Eq 3. calculated in accordance with Eqs 3, 4 or 5, along 2. Vapor Samples (ideal vapor phase with the test temperature, test pressure. and ignition behavior is assumed): source(spark or fuse wire)used. LFL=(Lp/P)x 100 (4) (b) Report the limits initially in accordance with the units of measurement used in the determinations, Where: that is, on a volumetric basis (mole or volume Lp = L = sample partial pressure (mm Hg) percent) for gases or vapor samples and on a from Eq 1. gravimetric basis (milligrams per litre) for liquid or Calculate upper limits by replacing LFL with solid samples. UFL and Lv with Uv. (c) By substitution in Eq 3, calculated limits may 3. Solid Samples (ideal vapor phase behavior then also be given for the gases or vapors on a is assumed): gravimetric basis and for the liquids or solids on a Calculate lower flammable limits by using Eq 3 volumetric basis, provided molecular weights of the with the terms (Lv) (d) replaced by Lw where: combustibles are known. The report shall note if Lam, =L=sample weight(g)from Eq 1. nonideal vapor phase behavior is suspected or known to occur. Calculate upper flammable limits by replacing (d) Report the test variability if it exceeds 10%of the LFL with UFL and Lw with Uw. sample size(see Section 11.109(e)15). (c) Complex Liquids, Solids, and Mixtures. Flammability limits of some materials cannot be calculated in terms of mole or volume percent(Eq 3) Section 11.112 Precision and Bias since the molecular weight of the vapors is not (a) The precision and bias of this method have not known. This occurs in the case of unknown yet been established. materials, multicomponent mixtures and materials (b) The minimum precision of the method shall be exhibiting nonideal vapor phase behavior. It is more ±0.5% for limits of 10 volume %. Test data available meaningful to express these limits in terms of weight at present are inadequate to establish any measure of of combustible per unit volume of mixture repeatability or reproducibility. (mg/litre). 187 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-1 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 188 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE STANDARD NO. 11-2 Methods for System Identification Based in Part on ASME/ANSI Standard A13.1-1981 See Section 1111.8 of the Uniform Mechanical Code Section 11.201 Scope (d) Fire-Extinguishing Materials. Materials This standard covers the identification requirements contained within fixed fire-extinguishing systems for systems and components thereof to facilitate shall be classified as fire-extinguishing materials. immediate recognition of contents or function. Section 11.203 Functions When required by the Mechanical Code to be Section 11.202 Contents identified, equipment, valves and similar devices (a) Materials of Inherently High Hazard. Materials and the like shall have legends fixed to the device contained within systems shall be classified as of identifying the device by name, function, flow inherently high hazard if they are defined by any of diagram number and as otherwise required by the the following groupings. code. Legends shall be sized as for six (6) inch (152 1. Flammable or Explosive. This grouping mm.)pipe in Table No.11-2-B. includes materials ignitable or capable of Exception: Valves and similar devices may be forming explosive atmospheres. identified with tags as required in Section 11.205. 2. Chemically Active or Toxic. This grouping includes materials which are reactive, unstable, Section 11.204 Methods of Identification corrosive,toxic or produce toxic byproducts. (a) Legend. Positive identification of materials and 3. At Temperatures or Pressures. This function shall be primarily by lettered legend. The grouping includes materials which are contained legend shall be terse and simple. Letters and at elevated or depressed temperatures or numerals shall be bold and sans serif. Size of pressures which if released have the potential of characters shall be in accordance with Table No. 11- injury or damage whether by burns, freezing, 2-B. Color of legends, fields and tags shall be in impingement or flashing to vapor. accordance with Table No. 11-2-A. 4. Radioactive. This group includes materials (b) Additional Information. Arrows indicating which emit ionizing radiation. direction of flow shall be located adjacent to the (b) Materials of Inherently Moderate Hazard. legend. Where temperature or pressure information Materials contained within systems shall be is needed to more fully identify the nature of the classified as of inherently moderate hazard if they hazard.It shall be included in the legend. are defined by any of the following grouping. (c) Background. Legends shall appear on a 1. Septic.This group includes materials which background consisting of a colored field. The length are potentially harmful if ingested or in contact of the field shall be in accordance with Table No. 11- with openings in the skin but not otherwise 2-B.The color of the field shall be in accordance with classified.This grouping includes materials such Table No.11-2-A. as sanitary waste or nonpotable water. Exception: When the entire piping system is 2. Industrial. This grouping includes materials painted the required field color,no separate field which are potentially harmful under conditions area is required. of prolonged contact or high concentrations which are not otherwise classified and which Section 11.205 Tagging may not be suitable for discharge without Valves, similar devices and small-diameter piping, analysis or treatment to the sanitary sewer. which cannot readily accept legends, shall be (c) Materials of Inherently Low Hazard. Materials positively identified by approved tags. Tags and contained within systems shall be classified as of their attachments shall be durable and corrosion inherently low hazard if they are at temperatures resistant for the environment to which they are and pressures sufficiently close to ambient such that exposed. Tags shall be secured to the device in an little risk to persons in contact with releases can approved manner which does not interfere with the occur and the materials not normally hazardous in device, function or use. Tags shall tersely state the themselves. These materials shall be grouped function of the device and shall be numbered to according to whether gas or liquid. 189 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE match valve charts and flow diagrams when TABLE NO. 11-2-B required. The minimum dimension of a tag shall not Minimum Size of Fields and Legend Characters be less than two(2)inches(51 mm). x 25.4 for mm Outside of Diameter of Length of Field, Height of Width of Section 11.206 Location Pipe or Covering, Inches Characters Principal Methods of identification shall be located as required Inches Stroke by the Mechanical Code and the following: Less than 3/4 Use Tags — — 1. At valves and devices. 3/4 to 1-1/4 8 1/2 1/8 2. At changes in direction or branches of 1 1/2 to 2 8 3/4 3/16 2 1/2 to 6 12 1-1/4 5/16 piping. 8 to 10 24 2-1/2 5/8 3. At each side of penetrations of walls,floors, over 10 32 3-1/2 7/8 roofs or similar barriers. 4. At sufficient intervals on piping to provide ready visibility from any point on the floor of the space. Ready visibility does not require simultaneous legibility. Section 11.207 Visibility Legends shall be arranged to provide visibility from normal working levels. Section 11.208 Methods of Application Identification may be applied by paint and stencils, manufactured markers,engraving or stamping. TABLE NO.11-2-A Colors for Fields and Legends Classification Group Field or Tag Legend Inherently High Flammable or Yellow Black Hazard Explosive Chemically Yellow Black Active or Toxic At Temperatures Yellow Black or Pressures Radioactive Yellow Black Inherently Moderate Septic Orange Black Hazard Industrial Orange Black Inherently Low Gas Blue White Hazard Liquid Green White Fire Extinguishing Red White 190 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE STANDARD NO. 11-3 Wrought-Steel and Wrought-Iron Pipe Based on Standard B36.10-1959 of the American National Standards Institute, Inc. See Section 1110.3, Uniform Mechanical Code Section 11.301 Scope This standard covers iron and steel refrigerant piping- Section 11.302 Material Requirements The material for the pipe covered by this standard shall conform to ASTM A53. See the building code standards for physical properties. Section 11.303 Size The size of all pipe in this standard is identified by the nominal pipe size. Nominal size of 1/8 inch to twelve (12) inches (3.2 to 305 nun), inclusive, is on the basis of a standardized outside diameter and the standardized weight per foot for each size of pipe. Section 11.304 Dimensions and Weights The dimensions and weights of welded and seamless steel pipe shall conform to Table No.11-3-A. The dimensions and weights of welded wrought-iron steel pipe shall conform to Table No. 11-3-B. Section 11.305 Pipe Threads The threads of threaded pipe shall be of an approved type. (See Pipe Threads in Referenced Standards, Chapter 16 of this code.) Section 11.306 Schedule Wall Pipe The schedule numbers in Tables Nos. 11-3-A and 11- 3-13 indicate pipe of approximately uniform strength in resisting internal pressure. When the selection of wall thickness depends primarily upon capacity to resist internal pressures under given conditions, the designer shall compute the exact value of wall thickness suitable for conditions for which the pipe is - required. (See Refrigeration Piping in Referenced Standards,Chapter 16 of this code.) 191 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE inches x 25.4=mm TABLE NO. 11-3-A Ib./ft.x 1.49=kg/m Dimensions and Weights of Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Size: Nominal and Plain Identification (Outside Wall End Standard Diameter), Thickness, Weight x-Strong Schedule Inches Inch Lb./Ft. xx-Strong Numberl 1/8 0.068 0.24 STD 40 (0.405) 0.095 0.31 XS 80 1/4 0.088 0.42 STD 40 (0.540) 0.119 0.54 XS 80 3/8 0.091 0.57 STD 40 (0.675) 0.126 0.74 XS 80 0.109 0.85 STD 40 1/2 0.147 1.09 XS 80 (0.840) 0.188 1.31 160 0.294 1.71 XXS 0.113 1.13 STD 40 3/4 0.154 1.47 XS 80 (1.050) 0.219 1.94 160 0.308 2.44 XXS 0.133 1.68 STD 40 1 0.179 2.17 XS 80 (1.315) 0.250 2.84 160 0.358 3.66 XXS 0.140 2.27 STD 40 1-1/4 0.191 3.00 XS 80 (1.660) 0.250 3.76 160 0.382 5.21 XXS 0.145 2.72 STD 40 1-1/2 0.200 3.63 XS 80 (1.900) 0.281 4.86 160 0.400 6.41 XXS 0.154 3.65 STD 40 2 0.218 5.02 XS 80 (2.375) 0.344 7.46 160 0.436 9.03 XXS 0.203 5.79 STD 40 2-1/2 0.276 7.66 XS 80 (2.875) 0.375 10.01 160 0.552 13.70 XXS 0.125 4.51 0.156 5.58 0.188 6.63 3 0.216 7.58 STD 40 (3.500) 0.250 8.68 0.281 9.67 0.300 10.25 XS 80 0.438 14.31 160 0.600 18.58 XXS (Continued) 192 WROUGHT-STEEL AND WROUGHT-IRON PIPE Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-3 TABLE NO. 11-3-A (Continued) Dimensions and Weights of Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Size: Identification Nominal and Plain (Outside Wall End Standard Diameter), Thickness, Weight x-Strong Schedule Inches Inch Lb./Ft. xx-Strong Numbers 0.125 5.17 0.156 6.41 3-1/2 0.188 7.63 (4.000) 0.226 9.11 STD 40 0.250 10.01 0.281 11.17 0.318 12.51 XS 80 0.125 5.84 0.156 7.25 0.188 8.64 0.219 10.00 4 0.237 10.79 STD 40 (4.500) 0.250 11.35 0.281 12.67 0.312 13.98 0.337 14.98 XS 80 0.438 18.98 120 0.531 22.52 160 0.674 27.54 XXS 0.156 9.02 0.188 10.76 0.219 12.49 0.258 14.62 STD 40 5 0.281 15.87 (5.563) 0.312 17.52 0.344 19.16 0.375 20.78 XS 80 0.500 27.04 120 0.625 32.96 160 0.750 38.55 XXS 0.188 12.89 0.219 14.97 0.250 17.02 0.280 18.97 STD 40 6 0.312 21.07 (6.625) 0.344 23.06 0.375 25.03 0.432 28.57 XS 80 0.562 36.42 120 0.719 45.34 160 0.864 53.16 XXS (Continued) 193 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE NO. 11-3-A (Continued) Dimensions and Weights of Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Size: Nominal and Plain Identification (Outside Wall End Standard Diameter), Thickness, Weight x-Strong Schedule Inches Inch Lb./Ft. xx-Strong Numbers 0.188 16.90 0.203 18.27 0.219 19.64 0.250 22.36 20 0.277 24.70 30 0.312 27.74 0.322 28.55 STD 40 0.344 30.40 8 0.375 33.04 (8.625) 0.406 35.66 60 0.438 38.26 0.500 43.39 XS 80 0.594 50.93 100 0.719 60.69 120 0.812 67.79 140 0.875 72.42 XXS 0.906 74.71 160 0.188 21.15 0.203 22.88 0.219 24.60 0.250 28.04 20 0.279 31.20 0.307 34.24 30 10 0.344 38.20 (10.750) 0.365 40.48 STD 40 0.438 48.19 0.500 54.74 XS 60 0.594 64.40 80 0.719 77.00 100 0.844 89.27 120 1.000 104.13 XXS 140 1.125 115.65 160 0.203 27.22 0.219 29.28 0.250 33.38 20 0.281 37.45 0.312 41.51 0.330 43.77 30 0.344 45.55 12 0.375 49.56 STD (12.750) 0.406 53.56 40 0.438 57.53 0.500 65.42 XS 0.562 73.22 60 0.688 88.57 80 0.844 107.29 100 1.000 125.49 XXS 120 1.125 139.68 140 1.312 160.33 160 For working pressures in excess of 300 psi (2068 kPa), use not less than Schedule 80. For 1-1/2 inches(38 mm)or smaller, use not less than Schedule 80 if pipe is threaded. 194 WROUGHT-STEEL AND WROUGHT-IRON PIPE Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-3 inches x 25.4=mm TABLE NO.11-3-B Ib./ft.x 1.49=kg/m Dimensions and Weights of Welded Wrought-Iron Pipe Size: Nominal and Plain Identification (Outside Wall End Standard Diameter), Thickness, Weight x-Strong Schedule Inches Inch Lb./Ft. xx- Strong Number 1/8 0.069 0.24 STD 40 (0.405) 0.096 0.31 XS 80 1/4 0.090 0.42 STD 40 (0.540) 0.124 0.54 XS 80 3/8 0.093 0.57 STD 40 0.675 0.129 0.74 XS 80 1/2 0.111 0.85 STD 40 (0.840) 0.151 1.09 XS 80 0.307 1.71 XXS 3/4 0.115 1.13 STD 40 (1.050) 0.157 1.47 XS 80 0.318 2.44 XXS 1 0.136 1.68 STD 40 (1.315) 0.183 2.17 XS 80 0.369 3.66 XXS 1-1/4 0.143 2.27 STD 40 (1.660) 0.196 3.00 XS 80 0.393 5.21 XXS 1-1/2 0.148 2.72 STD 40 (1.900) 0.204 3.63 XS 80 0.411 6.41 XXS 2 0.157 3.65 STD 40 (2.375) 0.223 5.02 XS 80 0.447 9.03 XXS 2-1/2 0.207 5.79 STD 40 (2.875) 0.282 7.66 XS 80 0.567 13.70 XXS 3 0.221 7.58 STD 40 (3.500) 0.306 10.25 XS 80 0.615 18.58 XXS 3-1/2 0.231 9.10 STD 40 (4.000) 0.325 12.51 XS 80 0.651 22.85 XXS 4 0.242 10.79 STD 40 (4.500) 0.344 14.98 XS 80 0.690 27.54 XXS 5 0.263 14.61 STD 40 (5.563) 0.383 20.78 XS 80 0.768 38.55 XXS 6 0.286 18.97 STD 40 (6.625) 0.441 28.57 XS 80 0.884 53.16 XXS 0.283 24.70 30 8 0.329 28.55 40 (8.625) 0.511 43.39 XS 80 0.895 72.42 XXS 0.284 31.20 10 0.313 34.24 30 (10.750) 0.372 40.48 40 0.510 54.74 XS 60 12 0.336 43.77 30 (12.750) 0.383 49.56 0.510 65.42 XS 195 Appendix A, UMC Standard 11-3 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 196 Appendix A, UFC Standard 2-2 UNIFORM FIRE CODE STANDARD NO.2-2 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester Based on Standard Test Method D93-75 of the American Society for Testing and Materials See Section 204.0, Uniform Mechanical Code Section 2.201 Scope (-1.1 to 10°C) below the expected flash point and This standard is the test procedure for determining thereafter at a temperature reading that is multiple the flash point by the Pensky-Martens closed-cup of 20F (10C). Apply the test flame by operating the tester of liquids with a viscosity of 5.82 centistokes mechanism on the cover which controls the shutter (5.82 x 10-1 m2/s) or more at 100°F (38°C), a flash and test flame burner so that the flame is lowered point of 200°F(93°C)or higher,suspensions of solids into the vapor space of the cup in 0.5 second, left in and liquids that tend to form a surface film under its lowered position for 1 second and quickly raised test conditions. to its high position. Do not stir the sample while applying the test flame. Section 2.202 Apparatus If the sample is known to have a flash point above 230°F (110°C), apply the test flame in the manner just Apparatus used for this test shall be an approved described at each temperature that is a multiple of 5°F Pensky-Martens closed-cup flash tester. Support the (2.8°C),beginning at a temperature of 30 to 50°F (-1.1 tester on a level,steady table. to 10°C)below the expected flash point. When the test flame application causes a distinct Section 2.203 Sample flash in the interior of the cup, observe and record Samples should not be stored in plastic the temperature of the sample as the flash point. (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.) bottles, since Occasionally,particularly near the actual flash point, volatile material may diffuse through the walls of the the application of the test flame will cause a halo or bottle. an enlarged flame; this is not a flash and should be Samples of very viscous materials may be ignored. warmed until they are reasonably fluid before they Observe and record the ambient barometric are tested. However, no sample should be heated pressure at the time of the test. more than is absolutely necessary. It shall never be (b) Procedure for Suspensions of Solids and heated above a temperature of 30°F(-1.1°C)below its Highly Viscous Materials. Bring the material to be expected flash point. tested and the tester to a temperature of 60OF ± 10OF Samples containing dissolved or free water may (16°C ± - 6°C) or 20OF (11°C) lower than the be dehydrated with calcium chloride or by filtering estimated flash point, whichever is lower. Turn the through a qualitative filter paper or a loose plug of stirrer 250 rpm ±10 rpm, stirring in a downward dry absorbent cotton. Warming the sample is direction. Raise the temperature throughout the permitted, but it shall not be heated for prolonged duration of the test at a rate of not less than 20F periods or above a temperature of 30OF (-1.1°C) WC), nor more than YF (2°C) per minute. With the below its expected flash point. exception of these requirements for rates of stirring and heating,proceed as prescribed in subsection(a). Section 2.204 Procedure (a) Basic Procedure. Fill the cup with the sample Section 2.205 Flash Point to be tested to the level indicated by the filling mark. The flash point shall be the temperature read on the Place the lid on the cup and set the test cup in the thermometer to the nearest 1°F at the time the test stove. Insert the thermometer. Light the test flame flame application causes a distinct flash in the and adjust it to 5/32 inch (4.0 mm) in diameter. interior of the cup. The recorded flash point shall be Supply the heat at such a rate that the temperature as corrected when the pressure differs from 760 mm Hg indicated by the thermometer increases 9 to 11°F (- as follows: YC to -6°C) per minute. Turn the stirrer 90 to 120 Corrected flash point= F+0.06 (760-P) rpm,stirring in a downward direction. Where: If the sample is known to have a flash point of F=observed flash point, OF 230OF (110°C) or below, apply the test flame when P=ambient barometric pressure, mm Hg the temperature of the sample is from 30 to 50OF 197 Appendix A, UFC Standard 2-2 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 198 APPENDIX B Chapter 10 —► <Appendix 8, Chapter 10 was moved to Chapter 10 within the body of the Code>. 199 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 200 APPENDIX B Chapter 12 --► <Appendix 8, Chapter 12 was moved to Chapter 12 within the body of the Code>. 201 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 202 APPENDIX B Chapter 13 FUEL GAS PIPING Part I structure,or premises,whether individually metered or not. 1300.0 Scope 1302.6 Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Facilities - Part I covers fuel gas piping in buildings and Liquified petroleum gas(LPG)facilities means tanks, structures. Part II covers fuel gas equipment and containers, container valves, regulating equipment, installations in mobile home parks. meters, and/or appurtenances for the storage and supply of liquified petroleum gas for any building, structure or premises. 1301.0 General 1302.7 Quick-Disconnect Device - A hand- The regulations of this part shall govern the operated device which provides a means for installation of all fuel gas piping in or in connection connecting and disconnecting an appliance or an with any building or structure or within the property appliance connector to a gas supply and which is lines of any premises,other than service pipe. equipped with an automatic means to shut off the gas supply when the device is disconnected. 1302.0 Definitions 1302.8 Service Piping-The piping and equipment For the purposes of this Code,certain terms,phrases, between the street gas main and the gas piping words, and their derivatives shall be interpreted as system inlet, which is installed by and is under the set forth in this section, provided, however, that control and maintenance of the serving gas supplier. whenever the words "gas meters" appear, they shall 1302.9 Transition Gas Riser - Any listed or be construed to also mean valves and those devices approved section or sections of pipe and fittings required for the regulation of pressure and the used to convey fuel gas and installed in a gas piping measurement of natural gas being dispensed for any system for the purpose of providing a transition building,structure,or premises. from below ground to above ground. 1302.1 Appliance Fuel Connector-An assembly of 1302.10 Welder,Certified Pipeline- A person who listed semi-rigid or flexible tubing and fittings to specializes in welding of pipes and holds a valid carry fuel between a fuel piping outlet and a fuel certificate of competency from a recognized testing burning appliance. laboratory,based on the requirements of the A.S.M.E. 1302.2 Approved - As to materials, workmanship, Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code,Section IX. and types of construction, means approved by the Administrative Authority as the result of 1303.0 Workmanship investigation, inspection, or test conducted by them No gas piping shall be strained or bent and no or by reason of accepted principles or tests by other appliance shall be supported by or develop any recognized testing agency or authority. strain or stress on its supply piping. Gas piping 1302.3 Fuel Gas-Natural, manufactured, liquified supplying appliances designed to be supported by petroleum,or a mixture of these. the piping may be used to support such appliances, 1302.4 Gas Piping - Any installation of pipe, When first approved by the Administrative valves, or fittings that is used to convey fuel gas, Authority. installed on any premises or in any building, but shall not include: 1304.0 Inspection 1302.4.1 Any portion of the service piping. 1304.1 Upon completion of the installation, 1302.4.2 Any approved piping connection six alteration, or repair of any gas piping, and prior to (6)feet(1828 mm)or less in length between an the use thereof, the Administrative Authority shall existing gas outlet and a gas appliance in the be notified that such gas piping is ready for same room with the outlet. inspection. 1302.5 Gas Piping System - Any arrangement of 1304.2 All excavations required for the installation gas piping supplied by one (1) meter and each of underground piping shall be kept open until such arrangement of gas piping serving a building, time as the piping has been inspected and approved. 203 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE If any such piping is covered or concealed before the foregoing inspections may be waived at the such approval,it shall be exposed upon the direction discretion of the Administrative Authority. In this of the Administrative Authority. event, the Administrative Authority shall make such 1304.3 The Administrative Authority shall make the inspection as deemed advisable in order to be following inspections and shall either approve that assured that the work has been performed in portion of the work as completed, or shall notify the accordance with the intent of this Code. permit holder wherein the same fails to comply with this Code. 1305.0 Certificate of Inspection 1304.3.1 Rough Piping Inspection 1305.1 If, upon final piping inspection, the This inspection shall be made after all gas installation is found to comply with the provisions of piping authorized by the permit has been this Code, a certificate of inspection may be issued installed, and before any such piping has been by the Administrative Authority. covered or concealed, or any fixture or 1305.2 A copy of the certificate of such final piping appliance has been attached thereto. This inspection shall be issued to the serving gas supplier inspection shall include a determination that the supplying gas to the premises. gas piping size, material, and installation meet 1305.3 It shall be unlawful for any serving gas the requirements of this Code. supplier, or person furnishing gas, to turn on, or 1304.3.2 Final Piping Inspection cause to be turned on, any fuel gas or any gas meter This inspection shall be made after all piping or meters,until such certificate of final inspection,as authorized by the permit has been installed and herein provided,has been issued. after all portions thereof which are to be covered or concealed are so concealed and 1306.0 Authority to Render Gas Service before any fixtures, appliance, or shutoff valve 1306.1 It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or has been attached thereto. This inspection shall corporation, excepting an authorized agent or include an air, CO2 or nitrogen pressure test, at employee of a person, firm, or corporation engaged which time the gas piping shall stand a pressure in the business of furnishing or supplying gas and of not less than ten (10) pounds per square inch whose service pipes supply or connect with the (68.9 kPa) gauge pressure,or at the discretion of particular premises, to turn on or reconnect gas the Administrative Authority, the piping and service in or on any premises where and when gas valves may be tested at a pressure of at least six service is,at the time,not being rendered. (6) inches (152 mm) of mercury, measured with a manometer or slope gauge. Test pressures 1306.2 It shall be unlawful to turn on or connect gas shall be held for a length of time satisfactory to in or on any premises unless all outlets are properly the Administrative Authority,but in no case for and securely connected to gas appliances or capped less than fifteen (15) minutes, with no or plugged with screw joint fittings. perceptible drop in pressure. For welded piping, and for piping carrying gas at pressures 1307.0 Authority to Disconnect in excess of fourteen (14) inches water column 1307.1 The Administrative Authority or the serving pressure (3.48 kPa), the test pressure shall not gas supplier is hereby authorized to disconnect any be less than sixty (60) pounds per square inch gas piping or appliance, or both, which shall be (413.4 kPa) and shall be continued for a length found not to conform to the requirements of this of time satisfactory to the Administrative Code or which may be found defective and in such Authority,but in no case for less than thirty(30) condition as to endanger life or property. minutes. These tests shall be made using air, CO2, or nitrogen pressure only and shall be 1307.2 Where such disconnection has been made, a made in the presence of the Administrative notice shall be attached to such gas piping or Authority. All necessary apparatus for appliance, or both, which shall state the same has conducting tests shall be furnished by the been disconnected,together with the reasons therefor. permit holder. Tests gauges used in conducting 1307.3 It shall be unlawful to remove or disconnect tests shall be in accordance with Uniform any gas piping or gas appliance without capping or Plumbing Code,Section 319.0-Test Gauges. plugging with a screw joint fitting the outlet from 1304.4 In cases where the work authorized by the which said pipe or appliance was removed. All permit consists of a minor installation of additional outlets to which gas appliances are not connected piping to piping already connected to a gas meter, shall be left capped gastight on any piping system which has been installed,altered,or repaired. 204 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 Exception: When an approved listed quick- more than seventy-five (75) percent copper) or I disconnect device is used. copper tube or Types K, L or ACR. Approved PE ` pipe may be used in exterior buried piping systems. 1308.0 Temporary Use of Gas 1310.2 Copper alloy tubing shall not be used if the Where temporary use of gas is desired and the gas contains more than an average of 0.3 grains of Administrative Authority deems the use necessary,a hydrogen sulfide per 100 standard cubic feet of gas permit may be issued for such use for a period of (0.7 milligrams per 100 liters). time not to exceed that designated by the 1310.3 All such pipe shall be either new, or shall Administrative Authority, provided that such gas previously have been used for no other purpose than piping system otherwise conforms to the conveying gas; it shall be in good condition and free requirements of this Code regarding material,sizing, from internal obstructions. Burred ends shall be and safety. reamed to the full bore of the pipe. 1310.4 All fittings used in connection with the 1309.0 Gas Meter Locations above piping shall be of malleable iron,yellow brass (containing not more than seventy-five (75) percent 1309.1 All gas meter locations shall be approved by copper),or approved plastic fittings. the Administrative Authority and the serving gas 1310.5 All valves and appurtenances used in supplier. connection with the above piping shall be of a type 1309.2 Where more than one (1) meter is set on a designed and approved for use with fuel gas. particular premises, they shall all be set at one (1) 1310.6 Valves up to and including two (2) inches location,except where this is impractical.In multiple (51 mm)shall be brass or other approved material. meter installations, each separate gas piping system shall be identified by the permittee in a manner satisfactory to the serving gas supplier serving the 1311.0 Installation of Gas Piping gas. 1311.1 All joints in the piping system, unless 1309.3 All gas meters shall be preceded by a main welded, brazed or flared, shall be screwed joints, supply shutoff valve and shall be so placed as to be having approved standard threads. Such screwed at all times readily accessible for inspection,reading, joints shall be made up with approved pipe joint testing, and shutting off the gas supply. All service material, insoluble in the presence of fuel gas and piping or main supply shutoff valves must be applied to the male threads only. outside of the building and readily accessible. 1311.2 All copper tubing joints shall be brazed, 1309.4 In order that gas may be supplied, the gas flared or screwed joints. piping inlet shall be located with respect to the 1311.2.1 Brazed joints shall be made by proposed meter location, in accordance with the certified brazers in accordance with the local serving gas supplier instructions. applicable standard(s) in Table 14-1 and with 1309.5 Access to enclosed gas meters, except those approved material having a melting point not located in an approved vault supplied by the serving less than 1000OF (538°C) and containing not gas supplier, shall be through an opening or door more than 0.05 percent phosphorus. not less in size than twenty-two(22) inches(559 mm) 1311.2.2 Flared joints shall be made with by twenty-four(24)inches(610 mm),but in no event, approved gas tubing fittings and shall not be smaller than that specified by the local serving gas used in concealed or inaccessible locations. supplier. 1311.3 All welded joints in the piping system shall 1309.6 Gas meters shall not be located under a be welded by a certified pipeline welder as defined show window or under interior stairways or in in 1302.10. engine,boiler,heater,or electric meter rooms.Where 1311.4 No gas piping shall be installed in or on the not prohibited by other regulation, gas meters may ground under any building or structure, unless be located in the open under exterior stairways. installed in gastight conduit, all exposed gas piping shall be kept at least six (6) inches (152 mm) above 1310.0 Material for Gas Piping grade or structure. The term 'building or structure" 1310.1 All piping used for the installation, shall include structures such as porches and steps, extension,alteration,or repair of any gas piping shall whether covered or uncovered, breezeways, roofed be standard weight wrought iron or steel porte-cocheres, roofed patios, carports, covered —► (galvanized or black), yellow brass (containing not walks, covered driveways, and similar structures or appurtenances. 205 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE The conduit shall be of material approved for 1311.8 Copper tubing systems shall be supported installation underground beneath buildings and and protected as follows: shall be not less than Schedule 40 pipe. The interior 1311.8.1 Copper tubing running parallel to diameter of the conduit shall be not less than 1/2 joists shall be fastened to the center of the joist at inch (12.7 mm) larger than the outside diameter of a maximum of 6-foot intervals. the gas piping. 1311.8.2 Copper tubing running at an angle to The conduit shall extend to a point at least 12 joists shall be installed either through holes in inches(305 mm)beyond any area where it is required the joists that are at least 1-1/2 times the outside to be installed, or the outside wall of a building, and diameter of the tubing or fastened to and the outer ends shall not be sealed. Where the conduit supported at a maximum of 6-foot intervals. terminates within a building, it shall be readily 1311.8.3 Copper tubing running through holes accessible and the space between the conduit and the in joists that are closer than 1-3/4 inches to the gas piping shall be sealed to prevent leakage of gas into the building. exposed face of the joist shall be protected with a steel striker plate at least 0.0508-inch thick. Concealed unprotected gas piping may be .4 Copper tubing running vertically installed above grade in approved recesses or channels. through partition walls shall not be supported Exception: When necessary due to structural within the wall space, except at the floor or conditions, approved type gas piping may be ceiling.Steel striker plates or steel pipe of at least installed in other locations,when permission has 0.0508 inch thick and extending a minimum of 4 first been obtained from the Administrative inches beyond concealed penetrations of Authority. floor/ceiling plates, wall studs, fire stops, etc. 1311.5 Where water vapor is present in the fuel gas shall be installed between the tubing and the served, accessible drip pipes shall be provided at finished wall. points where condensation will tend to collect. 1311.9 Underground ferrous gas piping shall be 1311.6 Ferrous gas piping installed underground in electrically isolated from the rest of the gas system exterior locations shall be protected from corrosion with listed or approved isolation fittings installed a by approved coatings or wrapping materials or by minimum of(6)six inches(152 mm)above grade. any other approved manner. All horizontal metallic 1311.10 All gas pipe protective coatings shall be piping shall have at least twelve (12) inches (305 approved types, machine applied, and conform to mm) of earth cover or other equivalent protection. recognized standards Chapter 16 Part II. Field Plastic gas piping shall have at least eighteen (18) wrapping shall provide equivalent protection and is inches (457 mm) of earth cover or other equivalent restricted to those fittings and short sections where protection. Risers, including prefabricated risers the factory wrap has been damaged or necessarily inserted with plastic pipe, shall be metallic and shall stripped for threading or welding. Field wrapping be wrapped or coated to a point at least six (6)inches shall conform to the requirements of IAPMO (152 mm) above grade or protected in an approved Installation Standard IS-13. Zinc coatings manner. When a riser connects underground to (galvanizing) shall not be deemed adequate plastic pipe, the underground horizontal metallic protection for gas piping below ground. Ferrous portion of the riser shall extend at least thirty (30) metals in exposed exterior locations shall be inches(762 mm)before connecting to the plastic pipe protected from corrosion in a manner satisfactory to by means of an approved transition fitting or the Administrative Authority. adapter. Inspection and repair shall conform to IAPMO Exception: Listed one-piece ninety (90) degree Installation Standard IS-13, listed in Chapter 16 Part (1.57 rad) transition fittings or risers may have II of this Code. less than thirty (30) inches (762 mm) of 1311.11 All gas piping shall be adequately horizontal metallic piping. supported by metal straps or hooks at intervals not 1311.7 Copper tubing systems shall be identified to exceed those shown in Table 13-2. Gas piping with an appropriate label, with black letters on a installed below grade shall be effectively supported yellow field, to indicate the piping system conveys at all points on undisturbed or well compacted soil fuel gas. These labels shall be permanently affixed to or sand. the tubing within one foot of the penetration of a wall, 1311.12 Gas in supplyingmore than one 1 floor or partition and at maximum six-foot intervals piping g ( ) building on any one (1) premises shall be equipped throughout the length of the tubing runs. Labels shall be located to be visible to facilitate inspection. With separate shutoff valves to each building, so arranged that the gas supply can be turned on or off 206 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 to any individual or separate building. Such shutoff Shutoff valves may be located immediately valve shall be located outside the building it supplies adjacent to and inside or under an appliance when and shall be readily accessible at all times. Buildings placed in an accessible and protected location and accessory to single family residences are exempt when such appliance may be removed without from the requirements of this subsection. removal of the valve. 1311.13 Where unions are necessary, right and left Shutoff valves may be accessibly located inside nipples and couplings shall be used. Ground-joint wall heaters and wall furnaces listed for recessed unions may be used at exposed fixture,appliance,or installation where necessary maintenance can be equipment connections and in exposed exterior performed without removal of the shutoff valve. locations immediately on the discharge side of a 1311.19 An electrically continuous insulated building shutoff valve. Heavy duty flanged type number 18 AWG yellow [0.040 inch diameter (1 unions may be used in special cases, when first mm)]copper tracer wire or other approved materials approved by the Administrative Authority.Bushings shall be installed with and attached to underground shall not be used in concealed locations. non-metallic gas piping and shall terminate above 1311.14 When air, oxygen, or other special grade at each end. supplementary gas under pressure is introduced 1311.20 Changes in direction of gas piping shall be with the regularly supplied gas, either directly into made by appropriate use of fittings, except PE gas the gas piping system or at burners, a device pipe and tubing may be bent to a radius of not less approved by the Administrative Authority and the than twenty (20) times the nominal pipe or tubing serving gas supplier shall be installed to prevent diameter. backflow of such special gas into the gas piping system or serving gas supplier's meter. This device shall be located between the source of the special gas 1312.0 Appliance Connectors and the serving gas supplier's meter and shall be on Appliance connections shall, at no time, have a the gas line leading to the appliance using the special diameter less than that of the inlet connection to the gas. This device may be either a spring loaded or appliance as provided by the manufacturer and each diaphragm type check valve and shall be capable of appliance shall be rigidly connected to the gas piping withstanding any pressure which may be imposed with materials as provided in Section 1310.0. on it. Exception: A gas appliance may be connected 1311.15 When liquified petroleum or other standby with an approved listed metal appliance gas is interconnected with the regular gas piping connector under the following conditions: system, an approved three-way two-port valve or (1) Listed metal appliance connectors shall have other adequate safeguard acceptable to the an overall length of not to exceed three (3) feet Administrative Authority and the serving gas (914 mm) except a range or dryer connector, supplier shall be installed to prevent backflow into which may not exceed six(6)feet(1829 mm). either supply system. (2) No part of such connector shall be concealed 1311.16 Valves used in connection with gas piping shall be approved types and shall be accessible. within or extended through any wall, floor, partition,or appliance housing. 1311.17 All gas outlets located in a barbecue or (3) A listed accessible appliance connector fireplace shall be controlled by an approved valve not less than the nominal size of the operating valve located in the same room and connector shall be provided at the gas piping outside the hearth, but not more than four (4) feet outlet immediately ahead of the connector (1219 mm) from such outlets. When piping on the discharge side of any such control valve is standard (4) All connectors shall be of such size as to weight brass or galvanized steel,such piping may be provide the total demand of the connected embedded in or surrounded by not less than two (2) appliance based on the applicable Tables 13-9 or inches(51 mm)of concrete or masonry. 13-10. 1311.18 An accessible shutoff valve of a type set (5) Aluminum alloy connectors may be used forth in Section 1311.16,shall be installed in the fuel only in interior locations where they shall not be supply piping outside of each appliance and ahead in contact with masonry,plaster,or insulation or of the union connection thereto, and in addition to are not subject to repeated corrosive wettings. any valve on the appliance. Shutoff valves shall be (6) The connection of an indoor appliance with within three (3)feet(914 mm) of the appliances they any type of gas hose is prohibited, except when serve, and in the same room or space where the used with laboratory or shop equipment or appliance is located. equipment that requires mobility during 207 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE operation.. Such connections shall have the shut- 1313.5 Liquified petroleum gas facilities shall not be off or stopcock installed at the connection to the located in any pit or basement,under show windows building piping. When gas hose is used, it shall or interior stairways, in engine, boiler, heater, or be of the minimum practical length, but not to electric meter rooms. When not prohibited by exceed six (6) feet (1829 mm), except for hand another regulation, approved liquified petroleum torches and special mobile equipment, and shall gas metering devices may be located in the open not extend from one room to another nor pass under exterior stairways. through any walls, partitions, ceilings, or floors. 1313.6 Liquified petroleum gas piping shall not Under no circumstances shall gas hose be serve any gas water heater located in a pit or concealed from view or used in a concealed basement where heavier than air gas might collect to location. Only listed gas hose shall be used and form a flammable mixture. only in accordance with its listing.Gas hose shall 1313.7 Pipe joint compounds used on thread not be used where it is likely to be subjected to excessive temperatures (above 125°F (52°C)) nor connections shall be insoluble in liquified petroleum shall it be used as a substitute for a standard gas. appliance connector. 1313.8 Every valve and appurtenance used on such (7) Outdoor portable appliances may be piping shall be designed and approved for use with connected with an approved outdoor hose liquified petroleum gas. connector not to exceed fifteen (15) feet (4572 1313.9 Discharge from relief valves shall be into mm) in length provided it connects outdoors to open air and shall not be less than five (5) feet (1524 approved gas piping including an approved mm) horizontally away from any opening into a valve at the inlet of the hose connector. building which is below such discharge. (8) Appliances may be connected to the fuel gas piping by means of an approved listed quick- 1314.0 Leaks disconnect device. 1314.1 Leaks in gas piping shall be located by applying soapy water to the exterior of the piping. 1313.0 Liquified Petroleum Gas Facilities and 1314.2 Fire or acid shall not be used to locate or repair Piping leaks, nor shall any substance other than air, carbon In addition to the requirements of this Code for gas dioxide or nitrogen be introduced into the gas piping. piping,the facilities and piping for use with liquified 1314.3 It shall not be permissible to repair defects in petroleum gas shall meet the following gas piping or fittings,but upon having been located, requirements: the defective pipe or fitting shall be removed and 1313.1 All liquified petroleum gas facilities shall replaced with sound material. conform to applicable standards of Chapter 16 Part II or to other approved standards. All such facilities 1315.0 Interconnections of Gas Piping Systems and their locations shall be acceptable to the 1315.1 It shall be unlawful to connect any gas Administrative Authority and shall conform to state appliance in such a mariner that such appliance may and local fire prevention regulations. receive gas from more than one (1) system of gas 1313.2 Where liquified petroleum gas facilities piping. serve more than one (1) customer through separate 1315.2 The installation,use,or maintenance of a gas piping systems, each system shall be identified in a valve which makes it possible to turn on,control, or manner satisfactory to the Administrative Authority otherwise direct the flow of gas from one (1) system and the gas supplier. of gas piping to another, where such systems are 1313.3 All liquified petroleum gas facilities shall be so supplied with gas from separate meters, is hereby placed as to be at all times readily accessible for prohibited, and any such valves or other inspection, reading, testing, and shutting off the gas interconnection between separate systems of gas supply. All service piping and main supply shutoff piping shall be removed upon order of the valves shall be outside of the building.All main supply Administrative Authority. valves shall be of approved type and readily accessible. 1313.4 In order that gas may be supplied, the gas 1316.0 Required Gas Supply piping inlet shall be located with respect to the proposed liquified petroleum gas facility location in 1316.1 The following regulations, as set forth in this accordance with the requirements of this section and section and in Section 1317.0, Required Gas Piping the supplier's instructions. Size, shall be the standard for the installation of gas 208 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 piping. All natural gas regulations and tables are 1317.2.2 In Table 13-3 select the column based on the use of gas having a specific gravity of showing that distance, or the next longer sixty hundredths (0.60), supplied at six (6) to eight distance if the table does not give the exact (8) inches water column pressure (1.49 kPa — 1.99 length. kPa) at the outlet of the meter. For undiluted 1317.2.3 Starting at the most remote outlet,find liquified petroleum gas, gas piping may be sized for in the vertical column just selected the gas 2500 Btu per cubic foot(25.9 Watt-hours/L)at eleven demand for that outlet. If the exact figure of (11) inches water column (2.74 kPa) and specific demand is not shown, choose the next larger gravity of one and fifty-two hundredths(1.52). figure below in the column. Note: Where gas of a different specific gravity is 1317.2.4 Opposite this demand figure, in the to be delivered, the serving gas supplier should first column at the left in Table 13-3 will be be contacted for specific gravity conversion found the correct size of pipe. factors to use in sizing piping systems from the 1317.2.5 Using this same vertical column, pipe sizing tables in this chapter. 1316.2 The hourly volume of gas required at each proceed in a similar manner for each section of piping outlet shall be taken as not less than the Pipe serving this outlet. For each section of pipe, determine the total gas demand supplied by that maximum hourly rating as specified by the section. Where gas piping sections serve both manufacturer of the appliance or appliances to be heating and cooling equipment and the connected to each such outlet. installation prevents both units from operating 1316.3 Where the gas appliances to be installed simultaneously, only the larger of the two have not been definitely specified,Table 13-1 may be demand loads need be used in sizing these used as a reference to estimate requirements of sections. typical appliances. 1317.2.6 Size each section of branch piping not To obtain the cubic feet per hour (L/sec.) of as t p g P ( ) g previously sized by measuring the distance from required, divide input of appliances by the average the gas meter location to the most remote outlet Btu (W) heating value per cubic foot (L) of the gas. in that branch and follow the procedures of The average Btu (W) per cubic foot (L) of the gas in steps 1317.2.2 through 1317.2.5 above. the area of the installation may be obtained from the Note: Size branch in the order of serving gas supplier. piping their distance from the meter location, 1316.4 The size of the supply piping outlet for any beginning with the most distant outlet not gas appliance shall not be less than one-half (1/2) previously sized. inch(12.7 mm). 1317.3 For conditions other than those covered by The minimum size of any piping outlet for a Section 1317.1, such as longer runs or greater gas mobile home shall be three-quarter (3/4) inch (19.1 demands, the size of each gas piping system shall be mm). determined by standard engineering methods acceptable to the Administrative Authority and each 1317.0 Required Gas Piping Size such system shall be so designed that the total 1317.1 Where the maximum demand does not Pressure drop between the meter or other point of exceed two hundred fifty(250) cubic feet per hour(2 supply and any outlet when full demand is being L/sec.) and the maximum length of piping between supplied to all outlets, will at no time exceed five- the meter and the most distant outlet is not over two tenths(0.5)inches(12.7 mm)water column pressure. hundred fifty (250) feet (76200 mm), the size of each 1317.4 Where the gas pressure may be higher than section and each outlet of any system of gas piping fourteen (14) inches (356 mm) or lower than six (6) shall be determined by means of Table 13-3,or Table inches (152 mm.) of water column, or when diversity 13-11 for copper tubing systems. Other systems demand factors are used, the design, pipe, sizing, within the range of Table 13-3 or 13-11 may be sized materials, location, and use of such systems first from that table or by means of the methods set forth shall be approved by the Administrative Authority. in Section 1317.3. Piping systems designed for pressures higher than 1317.2 To determine the size of each section of pipe the serving gas supplier's standard delivery pressure in any system within the range of Table 13-3, shall have prior verification from the gas supplier of proceed as follows: the availability of the design pressure.Systems using undiluted liquified petroleum gas may be sized 1317.2.1 Measure the length of the pipe from using Table 13-7 for eleven(11) inches water column the gas meter location to the most remote outlet (2.74 kPa) and in accordance with the provisions of on the system. 209 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Sections 1317.1 and 1317.2. For copper tubing 1318.6 Tables 13-5 and 13-6 may be used to size systems using undiluted liquefied petroleum gas, the natural gas piping system carrying three (3) or five capacity of the tubing shall be determined by (5)psig(20.7 or 34.5 kPa) gas.Tables 13-13 and 13-14 multiplying the values of Table 13-11 by the shall be used to size copper tubing systems using appropriate factor from Table 13-12. natural gas at pressures of two (2) or five (5) psig (13.8 or 34.5 kPa). For copper tubing systems 1318.0 Medium Pressure Gas Piping Systems supplying undiluted liquefied petroleum gas in the 1318.1 Medium Pressure — Pressure over fourteen pressure ranges included in Tables 13-13 and 13-14 (14) inches (356 mm) of water column but not to the capacities of the tubing shall be determined by exceed five (5) psig(34.5 kPa). Second stage pressure multiplying the values in these tables by the — used in liquified petroleum gas systems. Pressure appropriate factor in Table 13-12. The procedure to over fourteen (14) inches of water column (3.48 kPa) determine the size of each section of the system is but not to exceed twenty(20)psig(137.8 kPa). similar to that contained in Section 1317.0 using the pipe length from the meter to the most remote 1318.2 Approval of the Administrative Authority regulator on the medium pressure system and sizing and verification from the serving gas supplier of the the downstream low pressure piping from Table 13-3 availability of the desired pressure shall be obtained or Table 13-11 for copper tubing systems. before any medium pressure gas piping system is installed. 1318.7 Table 13-8 may be used to size undiluted 1318.3 The following shall apply to medium liquified petroleum gas piping systems carrying ten (10) psig (68.9 kPa) gas. The procedure to determine pressure gas piping systems in addition to the other the size of each section of the system is similar to requirements of this chapter. Section 1317.0 using the pipe length from the first 1318.4 Approved regulators shall be installed on stage or tank regulator to the most remote regulator medium pressure gas piping systems, in approved in the second state system. Low pressure piping to locations and shall be accessible for servicing. Each be sized from Table 13-7. regulator shall have a separate vent to the outside. 1318.8 Buried medium pressure gas piping shall be Exceptions: Pounds (kg) to inches (mm) water protected from corrosion as required by Chapter 13 column regulators equipped with limiting orifices and shall have a minimum earth cover of eighteen(18) capable of releasing not more than five (5) cubic inches(457 mm).Such piping shall be covered with at feet of gas per hour (0.04 L/sec.), when supplied least six (6) inches (152 mm) of hand placed selected with medium pressure, need not be vented to an backfill devoid of rocks, building materials, or other outside location when such regulators have been matter that may damage the pipe or wrapping. approved by the Administrative Authority and the serving gas supplier.These regulators shall: (1) Be connected to the same piping material used to pipe the structure.A listed gas connector may be used to attach the low pressure piping downstream of the regulator to the appliance manifold. (2) Have an approved gas valve in the supply line upstream of the pounds (kg) to inches (mm) water column regulator. (3) Be accessible. (4) Have the upstream pressure identified.Such identification shall be a metal tag permanently attached to the regulator and state: "Warning: 1/2 to 5 pounds (3.4-34.5 kPa) natural gas pressure.DO NOT REMOVE". (5) Be installed in a location that communicates with a ventilated area. 1318.5 An approved gas valve shall be installed immediately preceding each regulator.All regulators that may be subjected to mechanical damage shall be substantially protected to the satisfaction of the Administrative Authority. 210 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 Example Illustrating Use of Tables 13-1 and 13-3 Problem: Determine the required pipe size of each section and outlet of the piping system shown in Figure 1. Gas to be used has a specific gravity of sixty hundredths (0.60) and eleven hundred (1100) Btu per cubic foot (11.4 W/L), delivered at eight(8) inch (203 mm)water column pressure. 150,000 Btu/hr • (43,950 W/hr) Furnace Figure 1 30 gallon(113.6 I) Automatic C: a Water Heater r) O• 4 �� Section 3 Section 2 Section 1 D 3 20' 10, 10, 3 (6096 mm) _(3048 mm)A3048 mm�_co j 0 N C A(T p� 3 36 3 I Cn W• , r m N Gas 1 3 Refrigerator • 0 3 Gas Meter i • Range Solution: (1) Maximum gas demand of outlet A— 27 cubic feet per hour(0.21 Usec.) (from Table 13-1). Maximum gas demand of outlet B— 3 cubic feet per hour(0.02 Usec.) (from Table 13-1). Maximum gas demand of outlet C— 59 cubic feet per hour(0.46 Usec.) (from Table 13-1). Maximum gas demand of outlet D— 136 cubic feet per hour(1.1 Usec.) (150,000 Btu/hour[43,950 W/hr.]) divided by 1100 Btu per cubic foot(11.4 W/L) (2) The length of pipe from the gas meter to the most remote outlet(outlet A) is 60 feet(18288 mm). (3) Using the column marked 60 feet(18288 mm) in Table 13-3: Outlet A,supplying 27 cubic feet per hour(0.21 Usec.), requires one-half(1/2)inch (15 mm)pipe.Section 1, supplying outlets A and B, or 30 cubic feet per hour(0.24 Usec.) requires one-half(1/2) inch(15 mm)pipe. Section 2, supplying outlets A, B, and C, or 89 cubic feet per hour(0.7 Usec.) requires three-quarter(3/4) inch (20 mm) pipe. Section 3, supplying outlets A, B, C, and D, or 225 cubic feet per hour(1.8 Usec.), requires one(1) inch (25 mm) pipe. (4) Using the column marked 60 feet(18288 mm) in Table 13-3 (no column for actual length of 55 feet(16764 mm): Outlet B supplying 3 cubic feet per hour(0.02 Usec.), requires one-half(1/2) inch (15 mm) pipe. Outlet C, supplying 59 cubic feet per hour(0.46 Usec.), requires one-half(1/2) inch (15 mm)pipe. (5) Using the column marked 50 feet(15240 mm) in Table 13-3: Outlet D, supplying 136 cubic feet per hour(1.1 Usec.), requires three-quarter(3/4) inch (20 mm)pipe. 211 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 13-1 Minimum Demand of Typical Gas Appliances in Btus(Watts) Per Hour Demand in Appliance Btu/h Watts/h Barbecue (residential) ........................................................................... 50,000 14,650 BunsenBurner ....................................................................................... 3,000 879 Domestic Clothesdryer .......................................................................... 35,000 10,255 Domestic Gas Range ............................................................................. 65,000 19,045 Domestic Recessed Oven Section ........................................................ 25,000 7,325 Domestic Recessed Top Burner Section ............................................... 40,000 11,720 Fireplace Log Lighter(commercial) ....................................................... 50,000 14,650 Fireplace Log Lighter(residential) ......................................................... 25,000 7,325 Gas Engines (per horsepower) .............................................................. 10,000 2,930 GasRefrigerator .................................................................................... 3,000 879 Mobile Homes (see Appendix E of the UPC) ........................................ - - Steam Boilers (per horsepower) ............................................................ 50,000 14,650 Storage Water Heater up to 30 gallon (114 L)tank .............................................................. 30,000 8,790 Storage Water Heater 40 (151 L)to 50 gallon (189 L)tank .................................................. 50,000 14,650 TABLE 13-2 Support of Piping Size of Pipe Inches mm Feet mm 1/2 15 6 1829 3/4 or 1 20 or 25 8 2438 Horizontal 1-1/4 or larger 32 or larger 10 3048 Vertical 1-1/4 or larger 32 or larger Every floor level 212 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 TABLE 13-3 Size of Gas Piping Maximum Delivery Capacity of Cubic Feet of Gas Per Hour of IPS Pipe Carrying Natural Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity Based on Pressure Drop of 0.5 Inch Water Column Pipe Size, Length in Feet Inches 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 1/2 174 119 96 82 73 66 61 56 53 50 44 3/4 363 249 200 171 152 138 127 118 111 104 93 1 684 470 377 323 286 259 239 222 208 197 174 1-1/4 1404 965 775 663 588 532 490 456 428 404 358 1-1/2 2103 1445 1161 993 880 798 734 683 641 605 536 2 4050 2784 2235 1913 1696 1536 1413 1315 1234 1165 1033 2-1/2 6455 4437 3563 3049 2703 2449 2253 2096 1966 1857 1646 3 11,412 7843 6299 5391 4778 4329 3983 3705 3476 3284 2910 3-1/2 16,709 11,484 9222 7893 6995 6338 5831 5425 5090 4808 4261 4 23,277 15,998 12,847 10,995 9745 8830 8123 7557 7091 6698 5936 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 1/2 40 34 30 28 25 24 22 21 20 19 3/4 84 72 64 58 53 49 46 44 42 40 1 158 135 120 109 100 93 87 82 78 75 1-1/4 324 278 246 223 205 191 179 169 161 153 1-1/2 486 416 369 334 307 286 268 253 241 230 2 936 801 710 643 592 551 517 488 463 442 2-1/2 1492 1277 1131 1025 943 877 823 778 739 705 3 2637 2257 2000 1812 1667 1551 1455 1375 1306 1246 3-1/2 3861 3304 2929 2654 2441 2271 2131 2013 1912 1824 4 5378 4603 4080 3697 3401 3164 2968 2804 2663 2541 TABLE 13-3(Metric) Size of Gas Piping Maximum Delivery Capacity in Liters Per Second of IPS Pipe Carrying Natural Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity Based on Pressure Drop of 12.7 mm Water Column Pipe Size, Length in mm mm 3.0 6.0 9.0 12.2 15.2 18.2 21.3 24.0 27.4 30.4 38.0 15 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 20 2.9 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 25 5.4 3.7 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 32 11.0 7.6 6.1 5.2 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.8 40 16.5 11.4 9.1 7.8 6.9 6.3 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.2 50 31.9 21.9 17.6 15.1 13.3 12.1 11.1 10.3 9.7 9.2 8.1 65 50.8 34.9 28.0 24.0 21.3 19.3 17.7 16.5 15.5 14.6 13.0 80 89.8 61.7 49.6 42.4 37.6 34.1 31.3 29.1 27.3 25.8 22.9 90 131.4 90.3 72.5 62.1 55.0 49.9 45.9 42.7 40.0 37.8 33.5 100 183.1 125.9 101.1 86.5 76.7 69.5 63.9 59.5 55.8 52.7 46.7 45.6 60.8 76.0 91.2 106.4 121.6 136.8 152.0 167.2 182.4 15 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 20 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 25 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 32 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 40 3.8 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 50 7.4 6.3 5.6 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.5 65 11.7 10.0 8.9 8.1 7.4 6.9 6.5 6.1 5.8 5.5 80 20.7 17.8 15.7 14.3 13.1 12.2 11.4 10.8 10.3 9.8 90 30.4 26.0 23.0 20.9 19.2 17.9 16.8 15.8 15.0 14.3 100 42.3 36.2 32.1 29.1 26.8 24.9 23.4 22.1 21.0 20.0 213 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 13-4 Medium Pressure Natural Gas Systems for Sizing Gas Piping Systems Carrying Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity Capacity of Pipes of Different Diameters and Lengths in Cubic Feet Per Hour for Gas Pressure for 2.0 psi with a Drop to 1.5 psi Pipe Size, Length in Feet Inches 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 1/2 466 320 257 220 195 177 163 151 142 134 127 121 3/4 974 669 537 460 408 369 340 316 297 280 266 254 1 1834 1261 1012 866 768 696 640 595 559 528 501 478 1-1/4 3766 2588 2078 1799 1577 1429 1314 1223 1147 1084 1029 982 1-1/2 5642 3878 3114 2665 2362 2140 1969 1832 1719 1624 1542 1471 2 10,867 7469 5998 5133 4549 4122 3792 3528 3310 3127 2970 2833 2-1/2 17,320 11,904 9559 8181 7251 6570 6044 5623 5276 4984 4733 4515 3 30,618 21,044 16,899 14,463 12,818 11,614 10,685 9940 9327 8810 8367 7983 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1/2 116 112 108 104 101 97 95 92 87 83 80 77 3/4 243 234 225 217 210 204 198 193 183 174 167 161 1 458 440 424 409 396 384 373 363 345 329 315 302 1-1/4 940 903 870 840 813 788 766 745 707 675 646 621 1-1/2 1409 1353 1304 1259 1218 1181 1147 1116 1060 1011 968 930 2 2713 2606 2511 2425 2347 2275 2209 2149 2041 1947 1865 1791 2-1/2 4324 4154 4002 3865 3740 3626 3522 3425 3253 3103 2972 2855 3 7644 7344 7075 6832 6612 6410 6225 6055 5751 5486 5254 5047 4 15,592 14,979 14,430 13,935 13,486 13,075 12,698 12,351 11,730 11,190 10,716 10,295 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 1/2 74 71 69 67 65 63 62 60 59 57 56 55 3/4 155 149 145 140 136 132 129 126 123 120 117 115 1 291 281 272 264 256 249 243 237 231 226 221 216 1-1/4 598 578 559 542 526 512 499 486 475 464 454 444 1-1/2 896 865 837 812 788 767 747 728 711 695 680 665 2 1726 1667 1613 1564 1519 1477 1439 1403 1369 1338 1309 1282 2-1/2 2751 2656 2570 2492 2420 2354 2293 2236 2183 2133 2086 2043 3 4862 4696 4544 4406 4279 4162 4053 3953 3859 3771 3688 3611 4 9918 9578 9269 8986 8727 8488 8267 8062 7870 7691 7523 7365 5 17,943 17,327 16,768 16,258 15,789 15,357 14,957 14,585 14,238 13,914 13,610 13,325 6 29,054 28,057 27,151 26,325 25,566 24,866 24,218 23,616 23,055 22,531 22,038 21,576 TABLE 13-4(Metric) Medium Pressure Natural Gas Systems for Sizing Gas Piping Systems Carrying Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity Capacity of Pipes of Different Diameters and Lengths in Liters Per Second for Gas Pressure of 13.8 kPa with a Drop to 10.3 kPa Pipe Size, Length in Meters mm 15.2 30.4 45.6 60.8 76.0 91.2 106.4 121.6 136.8 152.0 167.2 182.4 15 3.7 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 20 7.7 5.3 4.2 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 25 14.4 9.9 8.0 6.8 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.8 32 29.6 20.4 16.4 14.0 12.4 11.2 10.3 9.6 9.0 8.5 8.1 7.7 40 44.4 30.5 24.5 21.0 18.6 16.8 15.5 14.4 13.5 12.8 12.1 11.6 50 85.5 58.8 47.2 40.4 35.8 32.4 29.8 27.8 26.0 24.6 23.4 22.3 65 136.3 93.6 75.2 64.4 57.0 51.7 47.6 44.2 41.5 39.2 37.2 35.5 80 240.9 165.6 132.9 113.8 100.8 91.4 84.1 78.2 73.4 69.3 65.8 62.8 197.6 212.8 228.0 243.2 258.4 273.6 288.8 304.0 334.4 364.8 395.2 425.6 15 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 20 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 25 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 32 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.9 40 11.1 10.6 10.3 9.9 9.6 9.3 9.0 8.8 8.3 8.0 7.6 7.3 50 21.3 20.5 19.8 19.1 18.5 17.9 17.4 16.9 16.1 15.3 14.7 14.1 65 34.0 32.7 31.5 30.4 29.4 28.5 27.7 26.9 25.6 24.4 23.4 22.5 80 60.1 57.8 55.7 53.7 52.0 50.4 49.0 47.6 45.2 43.2 41.3 39.7 100 122.7 117.8 113.5 109.6 106.1 102.9 99.9 97.2 92.3 88.0 84.3 81.0 456.0 486.4 516.8 547.2 577.6 608.0 638.4 668.8 669.2 729.6 760.0 790.4 15 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 20 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 25 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 32 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 40 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.2 50 13.6 13.1 12.7 12.3 11.9 11.6 11.3 11.0 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.1 65 21.6 20.9 20.2 19.6 19.0 18.5 18.0 17.6 17.2 16.8 16.4 16.1 80 38.3 36.9 35.7 34.7 33.7 32.7 31.9 31.1 30.4 29.7 29.0 28.4 100 78.0 75.3 72.9 70.7 68.7 66.8 65.0 63.4 61.9 60.5 59.2 57.9 125 141.2 136.3 131.9 127.9 124.2 120.8 117.7 114.7 112.0 109.5 107.1 104.8 150 228.6 220.7 213.6 207.1 201.1 195.6 190.5 185.8 181.4 177.2 173.4 169.7 214 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 TABLE 13-5 Medium Pressure Natural Gas Systems for Sizing Gas Piping Systems Carrying Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity Capacity of Pipes of Different Diameters and Lengths in Cubic Feet Per Hour for Gas Pressure of 3.0 psi with a Drop to 1.5 psi Pipe Size, Length in Feet Inches 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 1/2 857 589 473 405 359 325 299 278 261 247 234 224 3/4 1793 1232 990 847 751 680 626 582 546 516 490 467 1 3377 2321 1864 1595 1414 1281 1179 1096 1029 972 923 881 1-1/4 6934 4766 3827 3275 2903 2630 2420 2251 2112 1995 1895 1808 1-1/2 10,389 7140 5734 4908 4349 3941 3626 3373 3165 2989 2839 2709 2 20,008 13,752 11,043 9451 8377 7590 6983 6496 6095 5757 5468 5216 2-1/2 31,890 21,918 17,601 15,064 13,351 12,097 11,129 10,353 9714 9176 8715 8314 3 56,376 38,747 31,115 26,631 23,602 21,385 19,674 18,303 17173 16,222 15,406 14,698 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1/2 214 206 198 191 185 180 174 170 161 154 147 141 3/4 448 430 414 400 387 375 365 355 337 321 308 296 1 843 810 780 754 729 707 687 668 634 605 580 557 1-1/4 1731 1663 1602 1547 1497 1452 1410 1371 1302 1242 1190 1143 1-1/2 2594 2492 2401 2318 2243 2175 2112 2055 1951 1862 1783 1713 2 4995 4799 4623 4465 4321 4189 4068 3957 3758 3585 3433 3298 2-1/2 7962 7649 7369 7116 6886 6677 6484 6307 5990 5714 5472 5257 3 14,075 13,522 13,027 12,580 12,174 11,803 11,463 11,149 10,589 10,102 9674 9294 4 28,709 27,581 26,570 25,658 24,831 24,074 23,380 22,741 21,598 20,605 19,731 18,956 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 1/2 136 131 127 123 120 117 114 111 108 106 103 101 3/4 285 275 266 258 251 244 237 231 226 221 216 211 1 536 518 501 486 472 459 447 436 426 416 407 398 1-1/4 1101 1063 1029 998 969 942 918 895 874 854 835 818 1-1/2 1650 1593 1542 1495 1452 1412 1375 1341 1309 1279 1252 1225 2 3178 3069 2970 2879 2796 2720 2649 2583 2522 2464 2410 2360 2-1/2 5064 4891 4733 4589 4457 4335 4222 4117 4019 3927 3842 3761 3 8953 8646 8367 8112 7878 7663 7463 7278 7105 6943 6791 6649 4 18,262 17,635 17,066 16,546 16,069 15,629 15,222 14,844 14,491 14,161 13,852 13,561 5 33,038 31,904 30,875 29,935 29,072 28,276 27,539 26,855 26,217 25,620 25,060 24,534 6 53,496 51,660 49,993 48,471 47,074 45,785 44,593 43,484 42,451 41,485 40,579 39,727 TABLE 13-5 (Metric) Medium Pressure Natural Gas Systems for Sizing Gas Piping Systems Carrying Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity Capacity of Pipes of Different Diameters and Lengths in Liters Per Second for Gas Pressure of 20.7 kPa with a Drop to 10.3 kPa Pipe Size, Length in Meters mm 15.2 30.4 45.6 60.8 76.0 91.2 106.4 121.6 136.8 152.0 167.2 182.4 12.7 6.7 4.6 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 19.1 14.1 9.7 7.8 6.7 5.9 5.4 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 25.4 26.6 18.3 14.7 12.6 11.1 10.1 9.3 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.3 6.9 31.8 54.5 37.5 30.1 25.8 22.8 20.7 19.0 17.7 16.6 15.7 14.9 14.2 38.1 81.7 56.2 45.1 38.6 34.2 31.0 28.5 26.5 24.9 23.5 22.3 21.3 50.8 157.4 108.2 86.9 74.4 65.9 59.7 54.9 51.1 47.9 45.3 43.0 41.0 63.5 250.9 172.4 138.5 118.5 105.0 95.2 87.6 81.5 76.4 72.2 68.6 65.4 76.2 443.5 304.8 244.8 209.5 185.7 168.2 154.8 144.0 135.1 127.6 121.2 115.6 197.6 212.8 228.0 243.2 258.4 273.6 288.8 304.0 334.4 364.8 395.2 425.6 12.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 19.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 25.4 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 31.8 13.6 13.1 12.6 12.2 11.8 11.4 11.1 10.8 10.2 9.8 9.4 9.0 38.1 20.4 19.6 18.9 18.2 17.6 17.1 16.6 16.2 15.4 14.6 14.0 13.5 50.8 39.3 37.8 36.4 35.1 34.0 33.0 32.0 31.1 29.6 28.2 27.0 25.9 63.5 62.6 60.2 58.0 56.0 54.2 52.5 51.0 49.6 47.1 45.0 43.0 41.4 76.2 110.7 106.4 102.5 99.0 95.8 92.9 90.2 87.7 83.3 79.5 76.1 73.1 101.6 225.9 217.0 209.0 201.9 195.3 189.4 183.9 178.9 169.9 162.1 155.2 149.1 456.0 486.4 516.8 547.2 577.6 608.0 638.4 668.8 699.2 729.6 760.0 790.4 12.7 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 19.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 25.4 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 31.8 8.7 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.4 38.1 13.0 12.5 12.1 11.8 11.4 11.1 10.8 10.6 10.3 10.1 9.8 9.6 50.8 25.0 24.1 23.4 22.6 22.0 21.4 20.8 20.3 19.8 19.4 19.0 18.6 63.5 39.8 38.5 37.2 36.1 35.1 34.1 33.2 32.4 31.6 30.9 30.2 29.6 76.2 70.4 68.0 65.8 63.8 62.0 60.3 58.7 57.3 55.9 54.6 53.4 52.3 101.6 143.7 138.7 134.3 130.2 126.4 123.0 119.8 116.8 114.0 111.4 109.0 106.7 127.0 259.9 251.0 242.9 235.5 228.7 222.4 216.7 211.3 206.2 201.6 197.2 193.0 152.4 420.8 406.4 393.3 381.3 370.3 360.2 350.8 342.1 334.0 326.4 319.2 312.5 215 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 13-6 Medium Pressure Natural Gas Systems for Sizing Gas Piping Systems Carrying Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity Capacity of Pipes of Different Diameters and Lengths in Cubic Feet Per Hour for Gas Pressure of 5.0 psi with a Drop to 1.5 psi Pipe Size, Length in Feet Inches 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 1/2 1399 961 72 661 586 531 488 454 426 402 382 365 3/4 2925 2010 1614 1381 1224 1109 1021 949 891 842 799 762 1 5509 3786 3041 2602 2306 2090 1923 1789 1678 1585 1506 1436 1-1/4 11,311 7774 6243 5343 4735 4291 3947 3672 3445 3255 3091 2949 1-1/2 16,947 11,648 9353 8005 7095 6429 5914 5502 5162 4876 4631 4418 2 32,638 22,432 18,014 15,417 13,664 12,381 11,390 10,596 9942 9391 8919 8509 2-1/2 52,020 35,753 28,711 24,573 21,779 19,733 18,154 16,889 15,846 14,968 14,216 13,562 3 91,962 63,205 50,756 43,441 38,501 34,884 32,093 29,865 28,013 26,461 25,131 23,976 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1/2 349 335 323 312 302 293 284 277 263 251 240 231 3/4 730 701 676 653 632 612 595 578 549 524 502 482 1 1375 1321 1273 1229 1190 1153 1120 1089 1035 987 945 908 1-1/4 2824 2713 2614 2524 2442 2368 2300 2237 2124 2027 1941 1865 1-1/2 4231 4065 3916 3781 3659 3548 3446 3351 3183 3037 2908 2794 2 8149 7828 7542 7283 7048 6833 6636 6455 6130 5848 5600 5380 2-1/2 12,988 12,477 12,020 11,608 11,233 10,891 10,577 10,288 9771 9321 8926 8575 3 22,960 22,057 21,249 20,520 19,858 19,253 18,698 18,187 17,273 16,478 15,780 15,160 4 46,830 44,990 43,342 41,855 40,504 39,271 38,139 37,095 35,231 33,611 32,186 30,921 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 1/2 222 214 208 201 195 190 185 181 176 172 168 165 3/4 464 449 434 421 409 398 387 378 369 360 352 345 1 875 845 818 798 770 749 729 711 694 678 664 650 1-1/4 1796 1735 1679 1628 1581 1537 1497 1460 1425 1393 1363 1334 1-1/2 2691 2599 2515 2439 2368 2303 2243 2188 2136 2087 2042 1999 2 5183 5005 4844 4696 4561 4436 4321 4213 4113 4020 3932 3849 2-1/2 8261 7978 7720 7485 7270 7071 6886 6715 6556 6406 6267 6135 3 14,605 14,103 13,648 13,233 12,851 12,500 12,174 11,871 11,589 11,326 11,078 10,846 4 29,789 28,766 27,838 26,991 26,213 25,495 24,831 24,214 23,639 23,100 22,596 22,121 5 53,892 52,043 50,363 48,830 47,422 46,124 44,923 43,806 42,765 41,792 40,879 40,021 6 87,263 84,269 81,550 79,067 76,787 74,686 72,740 70,932 69,247 67,671 66,193 64,803 TABLE 13-6(Metric) Medium Pressure Natural Gas Systems for Sizing Gas Piping Systems Carrying Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity Capacity of Pipes of Different Diameters and Lengths in Liters Per Second for Gas Pressure of 34.5 kPa with a Drop to 10.3 kPa Pipe Size, Length in Meters mm 15.2 30.4 45.6 60.8 76.0 91.2 106.4 121.6 136.8 152.0 167.2 182.4 12.7 11.0 7.6 6.1 5.2 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 19.1 23.0 15.8 12.7 10.9 9.6 8.7 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.0 25.4 46.3 29.8 23.9 20.5 18.1 16.4 15.1 14.1 13.0 12.5 11.8 11.3 31.8 89.0 61.2 49.1 42.0 37.3 33.8 31.1 28.9 27.1 25.6 24.3 23.2 38.1 133.3 91.6 73.6 63.0 55.8 50.6 46.5 43.3 40.6 38.4 36.4 34.8 50.8 256.8 176.5 141.7 121.3 107.5 97.4 89.6 83.4 78.2 73.9 70.2 66.9 63.5 409.2 281.3 225.9 193.3 171.3 155.2 142.8 132.9 124.7 117.8 111.8 106.7 76.2 723.5 497.2 399.3 341.7 302.9 274.4 252.5 234.9 220.4 208.2 197.7 188.6 197.6 212.8 228.0 243.2 258.4 273.6 288.0 304.0 334.4 364.8 395.2 425.6 12.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2,5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 19.1 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 25.4 10.8 10.4 10.0 9.7 9.4 9.1 8.8 8.6 8.1 7.8 7.4 7.1 31.8 22.2 21.3 20.6 19.9 19.2 18.6 18.1 17.6 16.7 15.9 15.3 14.7 38.1 33.3 32.0 30.8 39.7 28.8 27.9 27.1 26.4 25.0 23.9 22.9 22.0 50.8 64.1 61.6 59.3 57.3 55.4 53.8 52.2 50.8 48.2 46.0 44.1 42.3 63.5 102.2 98.2 94.6 91.3 88.4 85.7 83.2 80.9 76.9 73.3 70.2 67.5 76.2 180.6 173.5 167.2 161.4 156.2 151.5 147.1 143.1 135.9 129.6 124.1 119.3 101.6 368.4 353.9 341.0 329.3 318.6 308.9 300.0 291.8 277.2 264.4 253.2 243.3 456.0 486.4 516.8 547.2 577.6 608.0 638.4 668.8 699.2 729.6 760.0 790.4 12.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1,6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 19.1 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 25.4 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.1 31.8 14.1 13.6 13.2 12.8 12.4 12.1 11.8 11.5 11.2 11.0 10.7 10.5 38.1 21.2 20.4 19.8 19.2 18.6 18.1 17.6 17.2 16.8 16.4 16.1 15.7 50.8 40.8 39.4 38.1 36.9 35.9 34.9 34.0 33.1 32.4 31.6 30.9 30.3 63.5 65.0 62.8 60.7 58.9 57.2 55.6 54.2 52.8 51.6 50.4 49.3 48.3 76.2 114.9 111.0 107.4 104.1 101.1 98.3 95.8 93.4 91.2 89.1 87.2 85.3 101.6 234.3 226.3 219.0 212.3 206.2 200.6 195.3 190.5 186.0 181.7 177.8 174.0 127.0 424.0 409.4 396.2 384.1 373.1 362.9 353.4 344.6 336.4 328.8 321.6 314.8 152.4 686.5 662.9 641.6 622.0 604.1 587.6 572.2 558.0 544.8 532.4 520.7 509.8 216 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 TABLE 13-7 Maximum Capacity of Pipe in Thousands of BTU per Hour of Undiluted Liquified Petroleum Gases (Based on a Pressure Drop of 0.5 Inch Water Column) Low Pressure 11"Water Column Length in Feet Pipe Size, Inches 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 200 1/2 275 189 152 129 114 103 96 89 83 78 69 63 55 3/4 567 393 315 267 237 217 196 185 173 162 146 132 112 1 1071 732 590 504 448 409 378 346 322 307 275 252 213 1-1/4 2205 1496 1212 1039 913 834 771 724 677 630 567 511 440 1-1/2 3307 2299 1858 1559 1417 1275 1181 1086 1023 976 866 787 675 2 6221 4331 3465 2992 2646 2394 2205 2047 1921 1811 1606 1496 1260 TABLE 13-7(Metric) Maximum Capacity of Pipe in Thousands of Watts of Undiluted Liquified Petroleum Gases (Based on a Pressure Drop of 12.7 mm Water Column) Low Pressure 279 mm Water Column Length in Meters Pipe Size, mm 3.0 6.1 9.1 12.2 15.2 18.2 21.3 24.3 27.4 30.4 38.0 45.6 60.8 15 80.6 55.4 44.5 37.8 33.4 30.2 28.1 26.1 24.3 22.9 20.2 18.5 16.1 20 166.1 115.2 92.3 78.2 69.4 63.6 57.4 54.2 50.7 47.5 42.8 38.7 32.8 25 313.8 214.5 172.9 147.7 131.3 119.8 110.8 101.4 94.4 90.0 80.6 73.8 62.4 32 646.1 438.3 355.1 304.4 267.5 244.4 225.9 212.1 198.4 184.6 166.1 149.7 128.9 40 969.0 673.6 544.4 456.8 415.2 373.6 346.0 318.2 299.7 286.0 253.7 230.6 197.8 50 1822.8 1269.01015.2 876.7 775.3 701.4 646.1 600.0 562.9 530.6 470.6 438.3 369.2 217 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 13-8 For Undiluted Liquified Petroleum Gas Pressure of 10.0 psi with Maximum Pressure Drop of 3.0 psi Maximum Delivery Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour of IPS Pipe of Different Diameters and Lengths Carrying Undiluted Liquified Petroleum Gas of 1.52 Specific Gravity Pipe Size, Length in Feet Inches 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 1/2 1000 690 550 470 420 390 350 325 300 285 272 260 314 2070 1423 1142 978 867 785 722 672 631 596 566 540 1 3899 2680 2152 1842 1632 1479 1361 1266 1188 1122 1066 1017 1-1/4 8005 5502 4418 3782 3351 3037 2794 2599 2439 2303 2188 2087 1-1/2 11,994 8244 6620 5666 5022 4550 4186 3894 3654 3451 3278 3127 2 23,100 15,877 12,750 10,912 9671 8763 8062 7500 7037 6647 6313 6023 2-1/2 36,818 25,305 20,321 17,392 15,414 13,966 12,849 11,953 11,215 10,594 10,062 9599 3 65,088 44,734 35,923 30,746 27,249 24,690 22,714 21,131 19,827 18,728 17,787 16,969 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1/2 250 240 230 222 215 208 202 198 188 180 171 164 3/4 517 496 478 462 447 433 421 409 389 371 355 341 1 973 935 901 870 842 816 793 771 732 699 669 643 1-1/4 1999 1920 1850 1786 1729 1676 1628 1583 1504 1434 1374 1320 1-112 2995 2877 2772 2676 2590 2511 2439 2372 2253 2149 2058 1977 2 5767 5541 5338 5155 4988 4836 4697 4568 4339 4139 3964 3808 2-1/2 9192 8831 8507 8215 7950 7708 7486 7281 6915 6597 6318 6069 3 16,250 15,611 15,040 14,523 14,055 13,627 13,234 12,872 12,225 11,663 11,169 10,730 4 33,145 31,842 30,676 29,623 28,667 27,795 26,993 26,255 24,935 23,789 22,780 21,885 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 1/2 158 152 148 143 139 136 133 130 127 124 121 118 3/4 329 317 307 298 289 281 274 267 261 255 249 244 1 619 598 579 561 545 530 516 503 491 480 470 460 1-1/4 1271 1228 1138 1152 1119 1088 1060 1033 1009 986 964 944 1-1/2 1905 1839 1780 1726 1676 1630 1588 1548 1512 1477 1445 1415 2 3669 3543 3428 3324 3228 3140 3058 2982 2911 2845 2783 2724 2-1/2 5847 5646 5464 5298 5145 5004 4874 4753 4640 4534 4435 4342 3 10,337 9982 9660 9366 9096 8847 8616 8402 8203 8016 7841 7676 4 21,083 20,360 19,705 19,103 18,552 18,045 17,575 17,138 16,731 16,350 15,993 15,657 5 38,143 36,834 35,645 34,560 33,564 32,645 31,795 31,005 30,268 29,579 28,933 28,325 6 61,762 59,643 57,718 55,961 54,348 52,860 51,483 50,204 49,011 47,895 46,849 45,865 TABLE 13-8(Metric) For Undiluted Liquified Petroleum Gas Pressure of 68.9 kPa with Maximum Pressure Drop of 20.7 kPa Maximum Delivery Capacity in Liters per Second of IPS Pipe of Different Diameters and Lengths Carrying Undiluted Liquified Petroleum Gas of 1.52 Gravity Pipe Size, Length in Meters mm 15.2 30.4 45.6 60.8 76.0 91.2 106.4 121.6 136.8 152.0 167.2 182.4 12.7 8.0 5.5 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 19.1 16.6 11.4 9.1 7.8 6.9 6.3 5.8 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.3 25.4 31.2 21.4 17.2 14.7 13.1 11.8 10.9 10.1 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.1 31.8 64.0 44.0 35.3 30.3 26.8 24.3 22.4 20.8 19.5 18.4 17.5 16.7 38.1 96.0 66.0 53.0 45.3 40.2 36.4 33.5 31.2 29.2 27.6 26.2 25.0 50.8 184.8 127.0 102.0 87.3 77.4 70.1 64.5 60.0 56.3 53.2 50.5 48.2 63.5 294.5 202.4 162.6 139.1 123.3 111.7 102.8 95.6 89.7 84.8 80.5 76.8 76.2 520.7 357.9 287.4 246.0 218.0 197.5 181.7 169.1 158.6 149.8 142.3 135.8 197.6 212.8 228.0 243.2 258.4 273.6 288.8 304.0 334.4 364.8 395.2 425.6 12.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 19.1 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 25.4 7.8 7.5 7.2 7.0 6.7 6.5 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.1 31.8 16.0 15.4 14.8 14.3 13.8 13.4 13.0 12.7 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.6 38.1 24.0 23.0 22.2 21.4 20.7 20.1 19.5 19.0 18.0 17.2 16.5 15.8 50.8 46.1 44.3 42.7 41.2 39.9 38.7 37.6 36.5 34.7 33.1 31.7 30.5 63.5 73.5 70.7 68.1 65.7 63.6 61.7 60.0 58.2 55.3 52.8 50.5 48.6 76.2 130.0 124.9 120.3 116.2 112.4 109.0 105.9 103.0 97.8 93.3 89.4 85.8 101.6 265.2 254.7 245.4 237.0 229.3 222.4 215.9 210.0 199.5 190.3 182.2 175.1 456.0 486.4 516.8 547.2 577.6 608.0 638.4 668.8 699.2 729.6 760.0 790.4 12.7 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 19.1 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 25.4 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 31.8 10.2 9.8 9.1 9.2 9.0 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.6 38.1 15.2 14.7 14.2 13.8 13.4 13.0 12.7 12.4 12.1 11.8 11.6 11.3 50.8 29.4 28.3 27.4 26.6 25.8 25.1 24.5 23.9 23.3 22.8 22.3 21.8 63.5 46.8 45.2 43.7 42.4 41.2 40.0 39.0 38.0 37.1 36.3 35.5 34.7 76.2 82.7 79.9 77.3 74.9 72.8 70.8 68.9 67.2 65.6 64.1 62.7 61.4 101.6 168.7 162.9 157.6 152.8 148.4 144.4 140.6 137.1 133.8 130.8 127.9 125.3 127.0 305.1 294.7 285.2 276.5 268.5 261.2 254.4 248.0 242.1 236.6 231.5 226.6 152.4 494.1 477.1 461.7 447.7 434.8 422.9 411.9 401.6 392.1 383.2 374.8 366.9 218 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 TABLE 13-9 Capacities of Listed Metal Appliance Connectors for Use with Gas Pressures Not Less Than an Eight(8")Inch Water Column Capacities for Various Lengths, in Thousands Btu/h Semi-Rigid Flexible Connector (Based on Pressure Drop of 0.2"Water Column Natural Gas of 1100 Btu/cu. ft.) Connector Nominall.D., O.D, Inches Inches 1 foot 1-1/2 feet 2 feet 2-1/2 feet 3 feet 4 feet 5 feet 6 feet All Gas Appliances Ranges and Dryers Only 3/8 1/4 40 33 29 27 25 1/2 3/8 93 76 66 62 58 5/8 1/2 189 155 134 125 116 101 90 80 3/4 404 330 287 266 244 1 803 661 573 534 500 Notes: 1. Flexible connector listings are based on nominal internal diameter. 2. Semi-rigid connector listings are based on outside diameter. 3. Gas connectors are certified by the testing agency as complete assemblies, including the fittings and valves. Capacities shown are based on the use of fittings and valves supplied with the connector. 4. Capacities for LPG are 1.6 times the natural gas capacities shown. Example: Capacity of a 1/4"flexible connector 1 foot long is 40,000 x 1.6=64,000 Btu/h TABLE 13-9(Metric) Capacities of Listed Metal Appliance Connectors for Use with Gas Pressures Not Less Than 1.99 kPa Capacities for Various Lengths, in Thousands Watts Semi-RigidFlexible Connector (Based on Pressure Drop of 50 Pa Natural Gas of 11.4 W/L) Connector Nominall.D., O.D, mm mm 0.3m 0.5m 0.6m 0.8m 0.9m 1.2m 1.5m 1.8m All Gas Appliances Ranges and Dryers Only 9.5 6.4 11.7 9.7 8.5 7.9 7.3 12.7 9.5 27.3 22.3 19.3 18.2 17.0 15.9 12.7 55.4 45.4 39.3 36.6 34.0 29.6 26.4 23.4 19.1 118.4 96.7 84.1 77.9 71.5 25.4 235.3 193.7 167.9 156.5 146.5 Note: See Table 13-9(English units). Example: Capacity of a 6.4 mm flexible connector 0.3 m long is 11720W x 1.6= 18752W 219 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE TABLE 13-10 Capacities of Listed Metal Appliance Connectors for Use with Gas Pressures Less Than an Eight(8")Inch Water Column Capacities for Various Lengths, in Thousands Btu/h Semi-Rigid Flexible Connector (Based on Pressure Drop of 0.2"Water Column Natural Gas of 1100 Btu/cu.ft.) Connector Nominall.D., O.D, Inches Inches 1 foot 1-1/2 feet 2 feet 2-1/2 feet 3 feet 4 feet 5 feet 6 feet All Gas Appliances Ranges and Dryers Only 3/8 1/4 28 23 20 19 17 1/2 3/8 66 54 47 44 41 5/8 1/2 134 110 95 88 82 72 63 57 - 3/4 285 233 202 188 174 1 567 467 405 378 353 Notes: 1. Flexible connector listings are based on nominal internal diameter. 2. Semi-rigid connector listings are based on outside diameter. 3. Gas connectors are certified by the testing agency as complete assemblies, including the fittings and valves. Capacities shown are based on the use of fittings and valves supplied with the connector. 4. Capacities for LPG are 1.6 times the Natural Gas capacities shown. Example: Capacity of a 1/4"flexible connector 1 foot long is 28,000 x 1.6=44,800 Btu/h TABLE 13-10(Metric) Capacities of Listed Metal Appliance Connectors for Use with Gas Pressures Less Than 1.99 kPa Capacities for Various Lengths, in Thousands Watts Semi-Rigid Flexible Connector(Based on Pressure Drop of 50 Pa Natural Gas of 11.4 W/L) Connector Nominall.D., O.D, mm mm 0.3m 0.5m 0.6m 0.8m 0.9m 1.2m 1.5m 1.8m All Gas Appliances Ranges and Dryers Only 9.5 6.4 8.2 6.7 5.9 5.6 5 12.7 9.5 19.3 15.8 13.8 12.9 12 15.9 12.7 39.3 32.2 27.8 25.8 24 21.1 18.5 16.7 19.1 83.5 68.3 59.2 55.1 51 25.9 166.1 136.8 118.7 110.8 103.4 Note: See Table 13-10 (English units). Example: Capacity of a 6.4 mm flexible connector 0.3 m long is 8204 x 1.6= 13126AW 220 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 Table 13-11 Table 13-12 Copper Tube-Low Pressure Specific Gravity Maximum Delivery Capacity*of Cubic Feet of Gas Per Multipliers to be Used with Copper Tube when Specific Hour of Copper Tube Carrying Natural Gas of 0.60** Gravity of Gas is other than 0.60. Specific Gravity at Low Pressure(Less than 14 inches Water Column) Based on Pressure Drop of 0.50 Inch Specific Multiplier Specific Multiplie Water Column: Gravity Gravity .35 1.31 1.00 .78 Length Outside Diameter of Tube,Inches of Tube, .40 1.23 1.10 .74 feet 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1.1/8 1-3/8 10 mm 15 mm 18 mm 20 mm 22 mm 28 mm 34 mm .45 1.16 1.20 .71 10 24 50 101 176 250 535 963 .50 1.10 1.30 .68 20 17 34 69 121 172 368 662 30 13 27 56 97 138 295 531 .55 1.04 1.40 .66 40 11 23 48 83 118 253 455 50 10 21 42 74 105 224 403 .60 1.00 1.50 .63 60 9.1 19 38 67 95 203 365 65 .96 1.60 .59 70 8.4 17 35 62 84 197 336 80 7.8 16 33 57 81 174 313 .70 .93 1.70 .58 90 7.3 15 31 54 76 163 293 100 6.9 14 29 51 72 154 277 .75 .90 1.80 .56 125 6.1 13 26 45 64 136 245 .80 .87 1.90 .56 150 5.6 11 23 41 58 124 222 175 5.1 11 21 38 53 114 205 .85 .84 2.00 .55 200 4.8 10 20 35 50 106 190 250 4.2 8.7 18 1 31 44 1 94 169 .90 .82 2.10 .54 *Includes 20%factor for fittings. *`For other pressure drops values see Table 13-12. Adjustment for a gas with an average specific gravity (relative density)other than 0.60 is achieved by multiplying the CFH values of Tables 13-11, 13-13,or 13-14 by the appropriate multiplier. Table 13-13 Table 13-14 Copper Tube-Medium Pressure Copper Tube-High Pressure Maximum Delivery Capacity*of Cubic Feet of Gas Maximum Delivery Capacity*of Cubic Feet of Gas Per Per Hour of Copper Tube Carrying Natural Gas of Hour of Copper Tube Carrying Natural Gas of 0.60** 0.60**Specific Gravity at Medium Pressure(2.0 psig) Specific Gravity at High Pressure(5.0 psig)Based on Based on Pressure Drop of 1.0 psig: Pressure Drop of 3.50 psig: Length Outside Diameter of Tube,Inches Length Outside Diameter of Tube,inches of Tube, of Tube, feet 3/8 1/2 518 3/4 7/8 1-1/8 1.3/8 feet 318 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1-1/8 1-3/8 10 mm 15 mm 18 mm 20 mm 22 mm 28 mm 34 mm 10 mm 15 mm 18 mm 20 mm 22 mm 28 mm 34 mm 10 222 458 932 1629 2311 4937 8889 10 462 954 1941 3392 4812 10279 18504 20 153 315 641 1120 1589 3393 6109 20 318 656 1334 2331 3307 7064 12718 30 123 253 515 899 1276 2725 4906 30 255 527 1071 1872 2656 5673 10213 40 105 216 440 770 1092 2332 4199 40 218 451 917 1602 2273 4855 8741 50 93 192 390 682 968 2067 3721 50 194 399 812 1420 2015 4303 7747 60 84 174 354 618 877 1873 3372 60 175 362 736 1287 1825 3899 7019 70 78 160 325 569 807 1723 3102 70 161 333 677 1184 1679 3587 6458 80 72 149 303 529 750 1603 2886 80 150 310 630 1101 1562 3337 6008 90 68 140 254 496 704 1504 2708 90 141 291 591 1033 1466 3131 5637 100 64 132 268 469 665 1421 2558 100 133 274 558 976 1385 2958 5324 125 57 117 238 415 589 1259 2267 125 118 243 495 865 1227 2621 4719 150 51 106 215 376 534 1141 2054 150 107 220 448 784 1112 2375 4276 175 47 97 198 346 491 1050 1890 175 98 203 413 721 1023 2185 3934 200 44 91 184 322 457 976 1758 200 91 189 384 671 952 2033 3659 250 1 39 1 80 163 1 286 1 405 1 865 1 1558 1 250 1 81 1 167 1 340 1 594 1 843 1802 3243 *Includes 20%factor for fittings. 'Includes 20%factor for fittings. **For other pressure drops values see Table 13-12. "For other pressure drops values see Table 13-12. 221 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Part II—Manufactured/Mobile Home(M/H)and 1323.0 Required gas supply for buildings or other Recreational Vehicle Parks fuel gas consuming appliances connected to the Fuel Gas Equipment and Installation M/H and R/V and manufactured home park gas piping system shall be calculated as provided in Part 1319.0 General I of this appendix. Except as otherwise permitted or required by this appendix, all fuel gas equipment and installations in 1324.0 Installation M/H and R/V and manufactured home parks shall comply with the provisions of this Code. The 1324.1 All gas piping installed below ground shall provisions of this appendix do not apply to M/H have a minimum earth cover of eighteen (18) inches and R/V and manufactured home gas piping and (457 mm). equipment. 1324.2 No gas piping shall be installed above ground under any M/H and R/V and manufactured home. 1320.0 Permits Before any gas equipment or installations are 1325.0 Location constructed or altered in a M/H and R/V and Gas piping shall not be installed underground manufactured home park, a written permit shall be beneath buildings or that portion of the M/H and obtained from the Administrative Authority as R/V and manufactured home lot reserved for the provided in Chapter 1 of this Code. location of M/H and R/V and manufactured home, M/H and R/V and manufactured home accessory 1321.0 Plans buildings or structures,concrete slabs,or automobile parking,unless installed in a gastight conduit. Two complete sets of plans and specifications shall be submitted with the application as provided in The conduit shall be of material approved for Chapter 1 of this Code. Load calculations of the gas installation underground beneath buildings and not piping system shall be provided with the plans. less than Schedule 40 pipe.The interior diameter of the conduit shall be not less than one-half (1/2) inch (15 1322.0 Required Gas Supply mm)larger than the outside diameter of the gas piping. The conduit shall extend to a point not less than The minimum hourly volume of gas required at each twelve (12) inches (305 mm) beyond any area where M/H and R/V and manufactured home lot outlet or it is required to be installed, or the outside wall of a any section of the M/H and R/V and manufactured building, and the outer ends shall not be sealed. home park gas piping system shall be calculated as Where the conduit terminates within a building, it shown in Table 13-15. shall be readily accessible and the space between the TABLE 13-15 conduit and the gas piping shall be sealed to prevent Demand Factors for Calculating Master Meter leakage of gas into the building. Gas Piping Systems in M/H and RN and A gas piping lateral terminating in a M/H and Manufactured Home Parks R/V and manufactured home lot outlet riser Number of BTU/Hr.per Watts per surrounded by a concrete slab shall not be required M/H and RV and M/H and RV and M/H and RV and to be installed in a conduit, provided the concrete Manufactured Lots Manufactured Lots Manufactured Lots slab is entirely outside the wall line of the M/H and 1 250,000 73,275 R/V and manufactured home, is not continuous 2 234,000 68,585 with any other concrete slab, and is used for 3 208,000 60,965 stabilizing other utility connections. 4 192,000 56,295 5 184,000 53,930 1326.0 System Shutoff Valve 6 174,000 50,999 A readily accessible and identified,approved shutoff 7 166,000 48,655 valve controlling the flow of gas to the entire gas 8 162,000 47,482 piping system shall be installed near the point of 9 158,000 46,310 connection to the service piping or supply 10 154,000 45,137 connection of the liquefied petroleum gas tank. 11-20 132,000 38,689 21-30 124,000 36,344 31-40 118,000 34,586 1327.0 M/H and RN and Manufactured Home Lot 41-60 112,000 32,827 Shutoff Valve Over 60 102,000 29,896 Each M/H and R/V and manufactured home lot 222 FUEL GAS PIPING Appendix B, Chapter 13 shall have an approved gas shutoff valve installed 1331.2 When meters are installed, they shall not upstream of the M/H and R/V and manufactured depend on the gas outlet riser for support,but shall home lot gas outlet and located on the outlet riser at be adequately supported by a post or bracket placed a height of not less than four (4) inches (102 mm) on a firm footing, or other means providing above grade. Such valve shall not be located under equivalent support. any M/H and R/V and manufactured home. Whenever the M/H and R/V and manufactured 1332.0 Gas Piping Size home lot outlet is not in use, the outlet shall be equipped with an approved cap or plug to prevent 1332.1 Natural Gas. The size of each section of accidental discharge of gas. natural gas piping systems shall be determined as specified in Chapter 13 of this Code or other standard engineering methods acceptable to the 1328.0 Lot Gas Outlet Authority Having Jurisdiction. 1328.1 Each M/H and R/V and manufactured 1332.2 Liquefied Petroleum Gas. The size of each home lot piped for gas shall be provided with an section of liquefied petroleum gas piping systems individual outlet riser at the M/H and R/V and may be determined by Chapter 13 of this Code or manufactured home lot. other standard engineering methods acceptable to 1328.2 The M/H and R/V and manufactured home the Authority Having Jurisdiction. lot gas outlet shall terminate with the service connection in the rear third section and within four 1333.0 Maintenance (4) feet (1219 mm) of the proposed location of the M/H and R/V and manufactured home. The M/H and R/V and manufactured home park operator shall be responsible for maintaining all gas piping installations and equipment in good working 1329.0 Gas Connector condition. Each M/H and R/V and manufactured home shall be connected to the lot outlet by an approved or listed gas connector, a maximum of six (6) feet(1829 1334.0 Authority to Disconnect mm) in length. Approved pipe fittings may be used The Administrative Authority or the serving gas between the flexible connector and the lot gas outlet supplier is hereby authorized to disconnect any gas when the distance between the lot gas outlet and the piping or appliance, or both, which shall be found gas service connection exceeds that required to make not to conform to the requirements of this Code or a safe installation with only an approved or listed which may be found defective and in such condition gas connector. Gas connectors shall be of a size to as to endanger life or property. adequately supply the total demand of the connected Where such disconnection has been made, a M/H and R/V and manufactured home. notice shall be attached to such gas piping or appliance, or both, which shall state the same has 1330.0 Mechanical Protection been disconnected, together with the reasons therefor. All gas outlet risers, regulators, meters, valves or other exposed equipment shall be protected from mechanical damage. Such protection may consist of 1335.0 Inspections and Tests posts,fencing,or other permanent barriers. Inspections and tests shall be made in accordance Atmospherically controlled regulators shall be with Section 1304. installed in such a manner that moisture cannot enter the regulator vent and accumulate above the diaphragm. Where the regulator vent may be obstructed due to snow and icing conditions,shields, hoods,or other suitable devices shall be provided to guard against closing the vent opening. 1331.0 Gas Meters 1331.1 Meters shall not be installed in unvented or inaccessible locations, or closer than three (3) feet (914 mm)from sources of ignition. 223 Appendix B, Chapter 13 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 224 APPENDIX B Chapter 14 --► <Appendix B, Chapter 14 was moved to Chapter 14 within the body of the Code>. 225 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 226 APPENDIX B Chapter 15 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF GAS OR FUEL FIRED EQUIPMENT 1501.0 General. Chapter 15 governs the GAS PIPING SYSTEM- MEDIUM PRESSURE is a installation and testing or repair of gas or fuel system that operates at a pressure exceeding 14 burning systems, gas or fuel burners, gas or fuel inches of water column but not exceeding five (5) burning equipment, used in connection with psig. LPG is a pressure exceeding 14 inches of water building or structures or within the property lines of column but not exceeding twenty(20)psig. the premises. GAS PIPING SYSTEM - HIGH PRESSURE is a Definitions system that operates at a pressure exceeding five (5) CONTINUOUS PILOT is a pilot that burns without psig. turndown throughout the entire period that the boiler LPG is a pressure exceeding twenty(20)psig. is in service,whether or not the main burner is firing. INTERLOCK is a device that senses a limit or off- CONVERSION BURNER is a gas burner accessory limit condition or improper sequence of events,shuts or device designed to supply gaseous fuel to and down the offending or related piece of equipment or properly burn the fuel within the combustion prevents proceeding in an improper sequence to chamber zone of a boiler, furnace, or other device prevent a hazardous condition from developing. originally designed to use another fuel. INTERMITTENT PILOT is a pilot that burns during DUAL FUEL BURNER is a gas burner firing into the light-off and while the main burner is firing and same combustion chamber zone into which another which is shut off with the main burner. fuel is used and connected to an approved flue. INTERRUPTED PILOT is a pilot that burns during FUEL is natural, manufactured, or liquefied light-off and which is shut off during normal petroleum gas,or a mixture of these gases;all grades operation of the main burner. of fuel oil; coal; wood; or any other combustible or PACKAGE BOILER is a boiler equipped and flammable material; or a mixture of combustible or shipped complete with electrical elements or fuel flammable materials. burning equipment, automatic controls and FUEL BURNER is a device used to convey the accessories,and mechanical draft equipment,if used. appropriate fuel into the combustion chamber zone, PILOT is a burner smaller than the main burner in close proximity to its combustion air supply to which is ignited by a spark or other independent and permit a stable controlled heat release compatible stable ignition source and which provides ignition with the burner design, listing, and applicable energy required to immediately light off the main approvals in a boiler,furnace,device,or appliance. burner. FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENT/APPLIANCE PROOF OF CLOSURE is a device in the safety includes a fuel burner, appliance, vent connectors, shutoff valve that will prove that the valve is 100 fuel burning systems, vent flues, chimney liners, percent closed. The device must be interlocked into fans, blowers, valves, control devices, combustion the system to prevent any starting procedure unless air,and all accessories for proper and safe operation proven closed. of the appliance. PURGE means an acceptable method of scavenging FUEL BURNING SYSTEM is the fuel burner and a the combustion chamber, boiler passages, and conveyance system for the purpose of introducing the breeching to remove all combustion gases.It consists appropriate fuel into the combustion chamber zone. of four air changes. FUEL PIPING SYSTEM is the method of conveying liquid,vapor, steam,gases, or slurry from one point 1502.0 Standards. The standards to be used in to another for purposes of this code, including conjunction with this chapter are the appropriate accessories, appurtenances, and equipment standards listed in Chapter 16,Part II. necessary for its proper operation. GAS PIPING SYSTEM - LOW PRESSURE is a system that operates at a pressure not exceeding 14 1503.0 Use of Approved Equipment. Only inches of water column. LPG is a pressure not approved gas or fuel burning equipment may be exceeding 14 inches of water column. used. 227 Appendix B, Chapter 15 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 1504.0 Placing Equipment in Operation. After cock until the flow rate to the burner is one-third completion of all installations, the installer shall test the full supply. all safety and operating controls and venting before 3. Burner flames must not flash back when the placing the burner in service. The correct input of gas or fuel is turned on or off by an automatic fuel must be determined and the fuel-to-air ratio set. control mechanism. Each gas or fuel burner must be adjusted to its 4. Main burner flames must ignite freely from proper input according to the manufacturer's each pilot when the main control valve is instructions. Overrating the burners or appliance is regulated to one-third the full gas or fuel rate prohibited. BTU input range must be appropriate to the appliance. and when the pilot flame is reduced to a minimum point at which it will actuate the 1. The rate of flow of the gas or fuel must be safety device. adjust-ed to within plus or minus two percent of 5. When ignition is made in a normal manner, the required Btu/h rating at the manifold the flame must not flash outside the appliance. pressure specified by the manufacturer. When the prevailing pressure is less than the manifold 6. Burners must not expel gas or fuel through pressure specified, the rates must be adjusted at air openings when operating at prevailing the prevailing pressure. pressure. 2. For conversion burners installed in hot 7. Burners must have proper fuel air mixture water (liquid) boilers or warm air furnaces, the to insure smooth ignition of the main burner. rate of flow of the gas or fuel in Btu/h must be 8. Dual fuel burners may have controls adjusted to within plus or minus five percent of common or independent to both fuels. Transfer the calculated Btu/h heat loss of the building in from one fuel to the other shall be by a manual which it is installed, or the design load, and not interlock switching system to prevent the gas to exceed the designed rate of the appliance. and other fuel being used simultaneously except 3. For conversion burners installed in steam by special permission of the Administrative boilers, the gas or fuel hourly input demand Authority. The transfer switch shall have a must be adjusted to meet the steam load center off position and will not pass through the requirements. The gas or fuel input demand center off position without stopping in the center necessitated by an oversized boiler must be off position. established and added to the input demand, for load requirements to arrive at a total input 1507.0 demand. 1. The flue gas, venting, safety and operating controls of the appliance must be checked by the 1505.0 Pilot Operation. Pilot flames must be installer to ensure their proper and safe effective to ignite the gas or fuel at the main burner operation. or burners and must be adequately protected from 2. Method of Test - Atmospheric Type/ drafts. Pilot flames must not become extinguished Induced Draft Type/ Fan Assisted Type. during pilot cycle when the main burner or burners The appliance must be allowed to operate until are turned on or off in a normal manner either the stack temperature becomes stabilized after manually or by automatic controls. which a sample of the undiluted flue products must be taken from the appliance flue outlet. 1506.0 Burner Operation. In making the tests to The sample taken must be analyzed for carbon determine compliance with this section,care must be monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen. Stack exercised to prevent the accumulation of unburned temperature must be noted. Note: appliance gas or fuel in the appliance or flues that might result designs incorporating induced draft assemblies in explosion or fire. may require a flue gas sample to be taken ahead 1. The flames from each burner must freely of the draft regulator or induced draft fan. ignite the gas or fuel from adjacent burners 3. Performance standards for atmospheric when operating at the prevailing gas or fuel type,must meet the following requirements: pressure and when the main control valve is a. Minimum of 74 percent efficiencies regulated to deliver at one-third of the full gas or determined by flue gas analysis method at fuel rate. appliance flue outlet; 2. Burner flames must not flash back after b. Carbon monoxide concentration in flue immediate ignition nor after turning the fuel gas not greater than 0.04 percent; 228 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF GAS OR FUEL FIRED EQUIPMENT Appendix B, Chapter 15 C. Stack temperature not greater than 480°F, with the Administrative Authority complete plus ambient; records of the test on a form approved by the d. Carbon dioxide concentration between 6 Administrative Authority. The tag stating the and 9 percent;and date of the test and the name of the tester must e. Oxygen concentration between 4 and 10 be attached to the appliance at the main valve. percent. 7. [a] The concentration of oxygen in the 3a. Performance standards for Induced Draft undiluted flue products of gas or fuel Type/Fan Assisted Type burners must in no case be less than three percent nor more than ten percent and shall a. Minimum of 74 percent efficiency as be in conformance with applicable determined by flue gas analysis method at performance standards and shall be appliance flue outlet. consistent with the listing and approval of b. Carbon monoxide concentration in flue the equipment. gas not greater than 0.04 percent. [b] The allowable limit of carbon monoxide c. Stack temperature not greater than 480°F, must not exceed 0.04 percent. plus ambient. [c] The flue gas temperature of a gas d. Oxygen concentration between 4 percent appliance, as taken on the appliance side of and 10 percent with carbon dioxide the draft regulator, must not exceed concentration between 6 percent and 9 applicable performance standards and shall percent. be consistent with the listing and approvals Note: induced draft type and fan- of the equipment. assisted type appliances may require a 8. The oxygen figures may not apply when sample after the induced draft fan there is an approved oxygen trim system on the which may cause oxygen figures in burner that is designed for that use, including a excess of limits stated. In such cases, low 02 interlock when approved by the safe fuel combustion ratios must be Administrative Authority. maintained and be consistent with 9. [a] Supervised start-up may be required to approvals and listings of appliance. verify a safe operation of gas or fuel burner 4. Method of Test-Power Type and to provide documentation that The appliance must be allowed to operate until operation is consistent with this code,listing the stack temperature becomes stabilized after and approval. Supervised start-up shall be which a sample of the undiluted flue products required for all fuel burners in categories must be taken from the appliance flue outlet. 9[b], 9[c] and 9[d]. Supervised start-up The sample must be analyzed for carbon requires that fuel burner must be tested in monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen. Stack the presence of the Administrative temperature must be noted. Authority in a manner set forth by the Administrative Authority before the 5. Performance standards for power type must installation is approved. Testing must meet the following standards. include safety and operating controls, a. Minimum of 80% efficiency as input, flue gas analysis, and venting. Flue determined by flue gas analysis method at gas must be tested at high,medium and low appliance flue outlet; fires. Provisions must be made in the b. Carbon monoxide concentration in flue system to allow firing test in warm weather. gas not greater than 0.04 percent; After completion of the test of newly- c. Stack temperature not greater than 480'F installed gas or fuel burner equipment as plus ambient, or 125°F in excess of fluid provided in this section, the installer shall file with the Administrative Authority temperature plus ambient; complete records of the test on a form d. Carbon dioxide concentration between 6 approved by the Administrative Authority. and 9 percent;and The tag stating the date of the test and the e. Oxygen concentration between 3 and 10 name of the tester must be attached to the percent. appliance at the main valve. 6. After completion of the test of newly [b] Gas and fuel burners of 1,000,000 Btu/hr installed gas or fuel burner equipment as input or more require a supervised start-up provided in this section, the installer shall file as in 9[a]. 229 Appendix B,Chapter 15 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE [c] Installation of oxygen trim systems, (b) Primary modulating dampers, or other draft control All pounds-to-pounds or pounds-to-inches gas or combustion devices require a supervised pressure regulators must be designed to regulate start-up as in 9[a]. at a pressure of not less than the gas supplier [d] All direct fired heaters require a delivery pressure. supervised start-up as in 9[a]. (c)Appliance 10. A complete control diagram of the installation 1. Appliance regulators must be installed and suitable operating instructions must be consistent with the listing and approval of supplied by the installer of the appliance. the equipment and the listing and approval of the regulator manufacturer. 1508.0 Pressure Regulators 2. Each gas burner or appliance must have (a)General its own gas pressure regulator. This 1. Regulators must be readily accessible for appliance regulator is in addition to any pounds-to-pounds or pounds-to-inches servicing. regulators in the system. 2. Regulators must be provided with an accessible shutoff valve, union and test taps (both upstream and down stream of the 1509.0 Special Requirements Based on Btuth Input regulator),for servicing. (a) 0 to 400,000 Btu/h per burner: 3. All regulators with inlet gas pressure 1. One approved manual shutoff valve with exceeding 14 inches water column pressure lever handle. or used on an appliance having an input 2. One approved regulator vented to the exceeding 400,000 Btu/h must have an outside or with an approved vent limiter. approved high pressure manual gas valve in 3. Approved automatic safety shutoff valve the supply piping upstream of the regulator. to provide 100 percent shutoff of all gas. 4. Medium and high pressure regulators must have the upstream pressure identified 4. A flame safety pilot control capable of providing 100 percent shutoff in the event of by a metal tag permanently attached to the flame or pilot failure. Flame failure regulator stating the inlet and outlet gas pressures and the words "WARNING! response timing shall not exceed control HIGH PRESSURE GAS! DO NOT manufacturer's specifications,but in no case REMOVE!". will exceed 180 seconds (as in a thermocouple system). 5. All regulators with inlet gas pressure exceeding 14 inches water column pressure 5. Two controls,one operating and one high limit, activated by temperature or pressure, or used on an appliance having an input exceeding 400,000 Btu/hr must be vented to as appropriate. the outdoors in separate vents sized 6. All burners relying on mechanical means according to the manufacturer's to provide air for combustion must have specifications. actual proof-of-air interlock device. Exception: Regulators equipped with 7. Power burners must include proven pre- limiting orifices installed as per Section purge. 1318.4. 8. Installations with dampened combustion 6. Regulators may not be vented into a air openings must prove damper open combustion chamber or an appliance vent. position before trial for burner ignition. 7. Regulator vents must terminate a 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be minimum of six (6) feet away from any properly interlocked to prevent burner combustion air or other air opening to the ignition unless safely open. building and must be suitably screened and (Exception: properly installed and hooded to prevent accidental closure of the approved thermally actuated vent dampers vent pipe. do not require such interlocks.) 8. All pounds-to-pounds and pounds-to- (b) 400,001 to 999,999 Btu/h per burner: inches regulators used as appliance 1. One approved manual shutoff valve with regulators must be of the full lock-up type. lever handle. 230 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF GAS OR FUEL FIRED EQUIPMENT Appendix B, Chapter 15 2. One approved regulator (if necessary), Note: Flame sensing systems utilizing a full lock-up type(if required),vented to the UV scanner must prove pilot and outside or with an approved vent limiter. interrupt ignition spark prior to main 3. Two safety shut-off valves in series, burner valves being energized. maximum five seconds closing time. 5. Two controls,one operating and one high 4. One electronic flame safeguard pilot limit, activated by temperature or pressure, control providing a separately supervised as appropriate. and proven pilot, 100% shut-off. Flame 6. All burners relying on mechanical means failure response timing shall not exceed to provide air for combustion must have control manufacturer's specifications. actual proof-of-air interlock device. 5.Two controls,one operating and one high 7. Power burners must include proven pre- limit, activated by temperature or pressure, purge. (See 4 above). as appropriate. 8. Installations with dampened combustion 6. All burners relying on mechanical means air openings must prove damper open to provide air for combustion must have position before trial for burner ignition. actual proof-of-air interlock device. 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be 7. Power burners must include proven pre- properly interlocked to prevent burner purge. ignition unless safely open. 8. Installations with dampened combustion 10. One high gas or fuel pressure interlock; air openings must prove damper open manual reset. position before trial for burner ignition. 11. One low gas or fuel pressure interlock, 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be manual reset. properly interlocked to prevent burner 12.A manual firing cock. ignition unless safely open. 13.Leak test port. (Exception: properly installed and 14.Burner pressure test port. approved thermally actuated vent dampers do not require such 15. If hot water or steam, two low-water interlocks.) cutoffs. 10. One high gas or fuel pressure interlock; 16. Burners with automatic controls, pre- manual reset. purge, proof- of-closure, modulation, or 11.A manual firing cock. post-purge shall not use relays external to the flame safeguard to accomplish these 12. If hot water or steam, one low-water functions. cutoff. (d) 2,500,000 to 12,499,999 Btu/h input per (c)1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Btu/h per burner: burner: 1. One approved manual shutoff valve with 1. One approved manual shutoff valve with lever handle. lever handle. 2. One approved regulator (if necessary), 2. One approved regulator (if necessary), full lock-up type(if required),vented to the full lock-up type(if required),vented to the outside or with an approved vent limiter. outside or with an approved vent limiter. 3. Two safety shut-off valves in series, 3. Two safety shut-off valves in series, maximum one second closing time, both maximum one second closing time, both being slow opening, one of which being slow opening, one of which incorporates "proof-of-closure', and neither incorporates "proof-of-closure", and neither valve being diaphragm or butterfly type. valve being modulating, diaphragm, or 4. Programmed electronic flame safeguard butterfly type. including;manual reset lockout, 100 percent 4. Programmed electronic flame safeguard shutoff (both pilot and main burner) and a including; proven low-fire start, manual separately supervised and proven pilot. reset lockout, 100 percent shutoff(both pilot Power burners must include a proven pre- and main burner) and a separately purge of at least four air changes or 60 supervised and proven pilot. Power seconds. This pre-purge must occur before burners must include a proven pre-purge of every burner cycle,regardless of reason. at least four air changes or 60 seconds. This 231 Appendix B, Chapter 15 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE pre-purge must occur before every burner 4. Programmed electronic flame safeguard cycle,regardless of reason. including; proven low-fire start, manual Note: Flame sensing systems utilizing a reset lockout, 100% shutoff (both pilot and UV scanner must prove pilot and main burner) and a separately supervised interrupt ignition spark prior to main and proven pilot. Power burners must burner valves being energized. include a proven pre-purge of at least four 5. Two controls,one operating and one high air changes or at the high-fire damper limit, activated by temperature or pressure, setting for at least 60 seconds. This Are- as appropriate. purge must occur before every burner cycle, regardless of reason. 6. All burners relying on mechanical means to provide air for combustion must have Note: Flame sensing systems utilizing a actual proof-of-air interlock device. UV scanner must prove pilot and interrupt ignition spark prior to main 7. Power burners must include proven pre- burner valves being energized. purge and post purge. (See 4 above). 5.Two controls,one operating and one high 8. Installations with dampened combustion limit, activated by temperature or pressure, air openings must prove damper open as appropriate. position before trial for burner ignition. 6. All burners relying on mechanical means 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be to provide air for combustion must have properly interlocked to prevent burner actual proof-of-air interlock device. ignition unless safely open. 7. Power burners must include proven pre- 10. One high gas or fuel pressure interlock; purge and post-purge. (See 4 above). manual reset. 8. Installations with dampened combustion 11. One low gas or fuel pressure interlock, air openings must prove damper open manual reset. position before trial for burner ignition. 12.A manual firing cock. 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be 13.Leak test port. properly interlocked to prevent burner 14.Burner pressure test port. ignition unless safely open. 15. Separate modulating firing rate control 10. One high gas or fuel pressure interlock; valves. manual reset. 16. If hot water or steam, two low-water 11. One low gas or fuel pressure interlock, cutoffs. manual reset. 17. Burners with automatic controls, pre- 12.A manual firing cock. purge, proof- of-closure, modulation, or 13.Leak test port. post-purge shall not use relays external to 14. Burner pressure test port. the flame safeguard to accomplish these 15. Separate modulating firing rate control functions. valve. (e) 12,500,000 and greater Btu/h input per 16. If hot water or steam, two low-water burner: these burners must conform with the cutoffs. requirements of appropriate standards listed in Chapter 16,Part II and the following: 17.Normally open vent valves not required. 1. One approved manual shutoff valve with 18. Two safety shutoff valves in series are lever handle. required on the"pilot"valve train. 2. One approved regulator (if necessary), 19. Burners with automatic controls, pre- full lock-up type (if required),vented to the purge, proof-of-closure, modulation, or outside or with an approved vent limiter. post-purge shall not use relays external to 3. Two safety shut-off valves in series, the flame safeguard to accomplish these maximum one second closing time, both functions. being slow opening, both of which incorporate "proof-of-closure", and neither 1510.0 Equipment Information. valve being modulating, diaphragm, or a. All installations of gas or fuel burners with a butterfly type. consumption of over 400,000 btu/hr and all 232 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF GAS OR FUEL FIRED EQUIPMENT Appendix B, Chapter 15 combination gas or fuel burners must be approved before installation. The following information must be supplied as required by the Administrative Authority. 1. Name, model and serial number of the burner. 2.Input rating and type of fuel. 3. Name of the nationally recognized testing laboratory that tested and listed the unit. 4. Name, model, and serial number of the furnace or boiler that the burner will be installed in if not part of a complete package. 5. A complete wiring diagram showing the factory and fuel wiring installed or to be installed including all controls,identified by the brand name and model number. 6. A print of the gas or fuel train from the manual shutoff to the appliance showing all controls that will be installed, their names, model numbers,and approvals. b. All installations of gas or fuel burners over 400,000 btu/hr and all combination gas and oil or other combination fuel burners that are installed in new or renovated boiler or equipment rooms or are installed in a package with the boiler or furnace must include the following information in addition to that required in Item A sub-items 1 to 6, for approval before installation: 1. A complete piping diagram from the supply source showing all components and materials identified by brand name and model number with relevant approvals. 2. Detailed provisions for combustion air, venting,and stacks. 3. A floor plan drawn to scale showing all relevant equipment. Contractors must receive approval of a plan or specifications or both before proceeding with an installation. 233 Appendix B, Chapter 15 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 234 APPENDIX B Chapter 16 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF OIL(LIQUID)FUEL-FIRED EQUIPMENT 1601.0 General. Chapter 16 governs the part of a chimney connector or vent connector that installation, testing, or repair of: oil or liquid fuel functions to reduce excessive draft through an burners, oil or liquid fuel burning systems, oil or appliance to a desired value by admitting ambient liquid fuel burning equipment, and the oil or liquid air into the appliance chimney, chimney connector, fuel piping systems used in connection with vent,or vent connector. buildings or structures and equipment within the FUEL OIL is any hydrocarbon oil as specified by property lines of the premises. ASTM D396, or the Canadian Government Definitions Specification Board, 3-GP-28, and having a flash ANTI-FLOODING DEVICE means a primary point of not less than 100°F(38°C). safety control that causes the flow of oil or fuel to be PREMIXING. A power burner in which all or shut off after a rise in oil or fuel level or after nearly all of the air for combustion is mixed with the receiving excess oil or fuel, and that operates before gas as primary air. the hazardous discharge of oil or fuel can occur. INDIRECT FIRED APPLIANCE is an oil or fuel BURNER, AUTOMATICALLY IGNITED means a burning appliance in which products of combustion( burner equipped so that main burner fuel may be flue gasses) are not mixed in the appliance with the turned on and ignited automatically. air or other medium being heated. BURNER MANUALLY IGNITED means a burner LABELED is having attached a label, symbol, or equipped so that main burner fuel is turned on only other identifying mark of an organization acceptable by hand and ignited under supervision. to the Building Official and concerned with product BURNER, MECHANICAL DRAFT TYPE means a evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of burner that includes a power driven fan, blower, or production of labeled equipment or materials and by other mechanism as the primary means for whose labeling the manufacturer indicates supplying the air for combustion. compliance with appropriate standards or BURNER, NATURAL DRAFT TYPE means a performance in a specified manner. burner that depends primarily on the natural draft FUEL BURNER is a device used to convey the created in the chimney or venting system to induce appropriate fuel into the combustion chamber zone, air required for combustion into the burner. in close proximity to its primary and secondary air CONSTANT LEVEL VALVE means a device for supply to permit a stable controlled heat release maintaining within a reservoir a constant level of oil compatible with the burner design, listing, and or fuel for delivery to a burner. applicable approvals in a boiler, furnace, device or appliance.It includes but is not limited to burning oil CONTROL LIMIT means an automatic safety or liquid fuel. control responsive to changes in fluid flow or level, FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENT/APPLIANCE is an pressure, or temperature, and that is normally set oil or fuel burner of any type including all oil or beyond the operating range, for limiting the liquid fuel burners,oil or liquid fuel fired units,dual operation of the controlled equipment by shutting off the energy 1 or multi-fuel burners and heating and cooking gy supply.y. appliances with its fuel burner system and with tank CONTROL SAFETY is automatic interlock controls or fuel storage system, piping system, vent including relays, switches, and other auxiliary connectors, vent flues, fans, blowers, valves, control equipment used in conjunction with them, to form a devices,combustion air,wiring,controls,and related safety control system that is intended to prevent devices including all accessories and appurtenances unsafe operation of the controlled equipment. for safe and proper operation of the appliance. DRAFT BOOSTER is a power operated fan,blower, FUEL BURNER SYSTEM is the fuel burner and any or other device installed in the chimney connector to conveyance system or piping system for the purpose increase the natural draft developed in the connected of introducing the appropriate fuel into the chimney. combustion chamber zone. DRAFT REGULATOR, BAROMETRIC means a FUEL is natural, manufactured, or liquefied device built into a fuel burning appliance or made petroleum gas,or a mixture of these gases;all grades 235 Appendix B, Chapter 16 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE of fuel oil; wood; or any other combustible or 1603.0 Approval of Equipment. Oil or liquid fuel flammable material or any mixture of combustible or burning equipment must be approved. flammable materials. FUEL PIPING SYSTEM is any method of conveying 1604.0 Placing Equipment in Operation. After liquid, vapor, steam, gases, or slurry from one point completion of all installations, the installer shall test to another including accessories, appurtenances, and all safety and operating controls and venting before equipment necessary for its proper operation. placing the burner in service. The correct input of PUMP, OIL OR FUEL TRANSFER is an oil or fuel liquid fuel must be determined and the fuel-to-air pump, automatically or manually operated, that ratio set. Each oil or liquid fuel burner must be transfers oil or fuel through continuous piping from adjusted to its proper input according to the a supply tank to an oil or fuel burning appliance or manufacturer's instructions. Overrating the burners to an auxiliary tank, and that is not designed to stop or the appliance is prohibited. The input range must pumping automatically in case of total breakage of be appropriate to the appliance. the oil or fuel supply line between the pump and the 1. For conversion burners installed in hot appliance. water (liquid) boilers or warm air furnaces, the TANK, AUXILIARY is a tank having a capacity of rate of flow of the oil or liquid fuel in Btu/h not over sixty(60)gallons listed for installation in the must be adjusted to within plus or minus five supply piping between a burner and its main fuel percent of the design load,and not to exceed the supply tank. It may be included as an integral part of design rate of the appliance. an automatic pump, a transfer pump, or may be a 2. For conversion burners installed in steam separate tank. boilers, the oil or liquid fuel hourly input TANK, GRAVITY Is a supply tank from which the demand must be adjusted to meet the steam oil or fuel is delivered directly to the burner by load requirements. The oil or liquid fuel input gravity. demand necessitated by an oversized boiler TANK,INTEGRAL is a tank that is furnished by the must be established and added to the input manufacturer as an integral part of an oil or fuel demand, for load requirements to arrive at a burning appliance. total input demand. TANK STORAGE is a separate tank that is not connected to the oil or fuel burning appliance. 1605.0 Pilot Operation. Igniter or pilot flames TANK SUPPLY is a separate tank connected directly must be effective to ignite the oil or liquid fuel at the or by a pump to the oil or fuel burning appliance. main burner or burners and must be adequately TANK, VACUUM OR BAROMETRIC is a tank not protected from drafts. Pilot flames must not become exceeding five (5) gallons capacity that maintains a extinguished during the pilot cycle when the main definite level of oil or fuel in a sump or similar burner or burners are turned on or off in a normal receptacle by barometric feed. Fuel is delivered from manner either manually or by automatic controls. the sump to the burner by gravity. VALVE, MANUAL OIL,GAS OR FUEL SHUTOFF 1606.0 Burner Operation. In making tests to is a manually operated valve in a fuel line for the determine compliance with the requirements of this purpose of turning on or completely shutting off the section, care must be exercised to prevent the fuel supply to the burner. accumulation of unburned liquid fuel in the VALVE, OIL, GAS OR FUEL CONTROL is an appliance that might result in an explosion or fire. automatically or manually operated device 1. The flames from the burner must freely consisting essentially of a fuel valve for controlling ignite the liquid fuel when operating at the the fuel supply to a burner. lowest firing position. 2. Burner flames must not flash back when the 1602.0 Standards and Accepted Practices. The liquid fuel is turned on or off by an automatic installation, testing, and repair of oil or liquid fuel control mechanism. burning equipment systems must comply with this 3. Main burner flames must ignite freely from section, the appropriate standards listed in Chapter the pilot when the pilot flame is reduced to a 16, Part II, and other information outlined in the minimum point that will actuate the pilot safety UMC such as,but not limited to,combustion air,flue device. and breeching requirements, room clearances and 4. When ignition is made in a normal manner, dimensions,and control requirements. the flame will not flash outside the appliance. 236 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF OIL(LIQUID) FUEL-FIRED EQUIPMENT Appendix B, Chapter 16 5. Burners must not expel liquid fuel through air e. Oxygen concentration between four and openings when operating at prevailing pressure. ten percent. 6. Burners must have a proper liquid fuel air f. Smoke test no higher than #2 for light mixture to insure smooth ignition of the main oils,or#4 for oils heavier than#4. burner. g. Draft must be in accordance with burner manufacturer's specifications. 1607.0 Method of Test Note: Induced draft and fan assisted 1. The flue gas, venting, safety and operating types of appliances may require a controls of the appliance must be checked by the sample be taken after the induced draft installer to ensure their proper and safe fan which may cause oxygen figures in operation. excess of the limits stated. In such 2. Method of test-atmospheric,induced draft, cases, safe liquid fuel combustion ratios or fan assisted types: must be maintained and be consistent The appliance must be allowed to operate until with approvals and listings of the the stack temperature becomes stabilized after appliance. which a sample of the undiluted flue products 4. Method of test-power type must be taken from the appliance flue outlet. The appliance must be allowed to operate until The sample taken must be analyzed for carbon the stack temperature becomes stabilized after monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Stack which a sample of the undiluted flue products temperature must be noted. Note: Appliance must be taken from the appliance flue outlet. designs incorporating induced draft assemblies The sample must be analyzed for carbon may require a flue gas sample to be taken ahead monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Stack of the draft regulator or induced draft fan. temperature must be noted. 3. Performance standards for atmospheric 5. Performance standards for power type must type;must meet the following requirements: meet the following standards. a. Minimum of seventy-five percent (75%) a. Minimum of eighty percent (80%) efficiency as determined by flue gas analysis efficiency as determined by flue gas analysis method at appliance flue outlet. method at the appliance flue outlet. b. Carbon monoxide concentration in flue b. Carbon monoxide concentration in the gas not greater than 0.04 percent. flue gas not greater than 0.04 percent. c. Stack temperature not greater than c. Stack temperature not greater than 700°F(371°C),plus ambient. 700°F(371°C)plus ambient. d. Carbon dioxide concentration between d. Carbon dioxide concentration between eight and thirteen percent. eight and thirteen percent. e. Oxygen concentration between four and e. Oxygen concentration between four and ten percent. ten percent. f. Smoke test no higher than #2 for light f. Smoke test no higher than #2 for light oils,or#4 for oils heavier than#4. oils,or#4 for oils heavier than#4. g. Draft must be in accordance with g. Draft must be in accordance with burner manufacturer's specifications. burner manufacturer's specifications. 3a. Performance standards for induced draft or 6. After completion of the test of newly fan assisted types: installed oil or liquid fuel burner equipment as a. Minimum of seventy-five percent (75%) provided in this section, the installer shall file efficiency as determined by flue gas analysis with the Administrative Authority complete method at appliance flue outlet. records of the test on a form approved by the b. Carbon monoxide concentration in flue Administrative Authority. The tag stating the gas not greater than 0.04 percent. date of the test and the name of the installer must be attached to the appliance at the main C. Stack temperature not greater than valve. 700OF(371°C),plus ambient. 7. [a] The concentration of oxygen in the d. Carbon dioxide concentration between undiluted flue products of oil or liquid fuel eight and thirteen percent. burners must in no case be less than three 237 Appendix B, Chapter 16 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE percent nor more than ten percent(10%)and 10. The complete control diagram of the shall be in conformance with applicable installation and suitable operating instructions performance standards and shall be must be supplied and posted the installer of the consistent with the listing and approval of appliance. the equipment. [b] The allowable limit of carbon monoxide 1608.0 Reserved must not exceed 0.04 percent. [c] The flue gas temperature of an oil 1609.0 Special Requirements Based on Btu/h appliance, as taken on the appliance side of input. the draft regulator, must not exceed p applicable performance standards and shall (a) 0 to 400,000 Btu/h per burner (0 to 2.8 be consistent with the listing and approvals gallons per hour): of the equipment. 1. One (1) approved manual shut-off valve 8. The oxygen figures may not apply when lever handle. there is an approved oxygen trim system on the 2. One (1) approved fuel oil filter, installed burner that is designed for that use, including a on the supply piping. low oxygen interlock when approved by the 3. Approved automatic safety shut-off valve Administrative Authority. to provide one-hundred percent (100%) 9. [a] Supervised start-up may be required to shut-off of all oil. verify as safe operation of oil or liquid fuel 4. A flame safeguard control capable of burner and to provide documentation providing one-hundred percent (100%) that operation is consistent with this Code, shutoff in the event of flame failure. listing and approval. Supervised start-up Flame failure response timing shall not shall be required for all liquid fuel burners exceed control manufacturer's specifications. in categories 9[b],9[c],and 9[d]. Supervised start-up requires that the liquid fuel burner 5. Two (2) controls; one operating and one must be tested in the presence of the high limit, activated by temperature or mechanical official in a manner set forth by pressure,as appropriate. the Administrative Authority before the 6. All burners relying on mechanical means installation is approved. Testing must to provide air for combustion must have include safety and operating controls,input, actual proof-of-air interlock device. flue gas analysis, and venting. Flue gas 7. Installations with dampered combustion must be tested at high, medium, and low air openings must prove damper open fires. Provisions must be made in the position before trial for burner ignition. system to allow firing test in warm weather. 8. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be After completion of the test of newly- properly interlocked to prevent burner installed oil or liquid fuel burner equipment ignition unless safely open. as provided in this section,the installer shall file with the Administrative Authority (b) 400,001 to 999,999 Btu/h per burner (more complete records of the test on a form than 2.8 to 7.0 gallons per hour): approved by the Administrative Authority.. 1. One (1) approved manual shut-off valve The tag stating the date of the test and the lever handle. name of the tester must be attached to the 2. One (1) approved fuel oil filter, installed appliance at the main valve. on the supply piping. [b] Oil and liquid fuel burners of 1,000,000 3. Two (2) safety shut-off valves in series, Btu/hr input or more require a supervised maximum five seconds closing time. start-up as in 9[a]. 4. One (1) electronic flame safeguard pilot [c] Installation of oxygen trim systems, control providing a separately supervised modulating dampers, or other draft control and proven pilot, one-hundred percent or combustion devices require a supervised (100%)shut-off,manual reset. start-up as in 9[a]. Flame failure response time shall not [d] All direct fired heaters require a exceed control manufacturer's specifications. supervised start-up as in 9[a]. Direct spark ignition is allowed only when approved by the Administrative 238 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF OIL(LIQUID) FUEL-FIRED EQUIPMENT Appendix B, Chapter 16 Authority and then only when used on shut-off(both pilot and main burner),and a number 2 or lighter oil. separately supervised and proven pilot. 5. Two (2) controls, one operating and one Note: Flame sensing systems utilizing a high limit, activated by temperature or UV scanner must prove pilot and pressure,as appropriate. interrupt ignition spark prior to main 6. All burners relying on mechanical means burner valves being energized. to provide air for combustion must have 5. Two (2) controls, one operating and one actual proof-of-air interlock device. high limit, activated by temperature or 7. Power burners must include proven pre- pressure,as appropriate. purge of at least sixty (60) seconds at high 6. All burners relying on mechanical means fire damper settings. This pre-purge must to provide air for combustion must have occur before every burner cycle, regardless actual proof-of-air interlock device. of reason. 7. Power burners must include proven pre- 8. Installations with dampered combustion purge of at least sixty (60) seconds at high air openings must prove damper open fire damper settings. This pre-purge must position before trial for burner ignition. occur before every burner cycle, regardless 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be of reason. properly interlocked to prevent burner 8. Installations with dampered combustion ignition unless safely open. air openings must prove damper open 10. One (1) high oil or liquid fuel pressure position before trial for burner ignition. interlock; reset from flame safeguard or 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be manually. properly interlocked to prevent burner 11. If hot water or steam, one (1) low water ignition unless safely open. cut-off. 10. One (1) high oil or liquid fuel pressure 12.An atomizing medium proving switch. interlock; reset from flame safeguard or 13. A low oil temperature switch for oil or manually. liquid fuel requiring preheating. 11. If hot water or steam, two (2) low water 14. A high oil temperature interlock for oil cut-offs. or liquid fuel requiring pre-heating. 12.An atomizing medium proving switch. 15.The burner oil pump must automatically 13. A low oil temperature switch for oil or not operate or rotate while the alternate fuel liquid fuel requiring preheating. is firing. 14. A high oil temperature interlock for oil 16. A pressure relief valve must be provided or liquid fuel requiring pre-heating. between safety shut-off valves and between 16.The burner oil pump must automatically pump and safety valves if an integral valve not operate or rotate while the alternate fuel is used with a pump. is firing. 17. A separate relief device is required on 17.A pressure relief valve must be provided each transfer pump. between safety shut-off valves and between (c) 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Btu/h input per burner pump and safety valves if an integral valve (more than 7.0 to 1017.5 gallons per hour): is used with a pump. 1. One (1) approved manual shut-off valve 18. A separate relief device is required on lever handle. each transfer pump. 2. One (1) approved fuel oil filter, installed 19. One (1) low oil or liquid fuel pressure on the supply piping. interlock; reset from flame safeguard or 3. Two (2) safety shutoff valves in series manually. with a combined flame failure response and 20. Burners with automatic controls, pre- valve closing time not to exceed five seconds purge,proof-of-closure,modulation,or post with strainer directly before the valves. purge shall not use relays external to the 4. Programmed electronic flame safeguard flame safeguard to accomplish these including; proven low fire start, manual functions. reset lockout, one-hundred percent (100%) (d) 2,500,000 to 12,499,999 Btu/h per burner 17.5 to 87.5 gallons per hour): 239 Appendix B, Chapter 16 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 1. One (1) approved manual shut-off valve 18. A separate relief device is required on lever handle. each transfer pump. 2. One (1) approved fuel oil filter, installed 19. One (1) low oil or liquid fuel pressure on the supply piping. interlock; reset from flame safeguard or 3. Two (2) safety shutoff valves in series, manually. with a combined flame failure response and 20. Burners with automatic controls, pre- valve closing time not to exceed five (5) purge, proof-of-closure, modulation, or post seconds with strainer directly before the purge shall not use relays external to the valves. flame safeguard to accomplish these 4. Programmed electronic flame safeguard functions. including; proven low fire start, manual (e) 12,500,000 and greater Btu/h per burner reset lockout, one-hundred percent (100%) inputs: these burners must conform with the shut-off(both pilot and main burner), and a requirements of the appropriate standards listed separately supervised and proven pilot. in Chapter 16, Part II and the following (greater Note: Flame sensing systems utilizing a than 87.5 gallons per hour): UV scanner must prove pilot and 1. One (1) approved manual shut-off valve interrupt ignition spark prior to main lever handle. burner valves being energized. 2. One (1) approved fuel oil filter, installed 5. Two (2) controls, one (1) operating and on the supply piping. one (1) high limit,activated by temperature 3. Two safety shutoff valves in series, one or pressure,as appropriate. Y with proof of closure, with a combined 6. All burners relying on mechanical means flame failure response and valve closing to provide air for combustion must have actual proof-of-air interlock device. time not to exceed two (2) seconds with strainer directly before the valves. 7. Power burners must include proven pre- 4. Programmed electronic flame safeguard purge of at least sixty (60) seconds at high including; proven low fire start, manual fire damper settings. This pre-purge must occur before every burner cycle, regardless reset lockout, one-hundred percent (100%) of reason. shut-off(both pilot and main burner), and a separately supervised and proven pilot. 8. Installations with dampered combustion Note: Flame sensing systems utilizing a air openings must prove damper open position before trial for burner ignition. UV scanner must prove pilot and interrupt ignition spark prior to main 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be burner valves being energized. properly interlocked to prevent burner ignition unless safely open. 5. Two (2) controls, one (1) operating and 10. One (1) high oil or liquid fuel pressure one(1) high limit,activated by temperature or pressure,as appropriate. interlock; reset from flame safeguard or manually. 6. All burners relying on mechanical means 11. If hot water or steam, two (2) low water to provide air for combustion must haveactual proof-of-air interlock device. cut-offs. 7. Power burners must include proven pre- purge of at least sixty (60) seconds at high 13. A low oil temperature switch for oil or fire damper settings. This pre-purge must liquid fuel requiring preheating. occur before every burner cycle, regardless 14. A high oil temperature interlock for oil of reason. or liquid fuel requiring pre-heating. 8. Installations with dampered combustion 15.A separate firing rate control valve. air openings must prove damper open 16. The burner oil pump must automatically position before trial for burner ignition. not operate or rotate while the alternate fuel 9. Vent dampers and flue dampers must be is firing. properly interlocked to prevent burner 17. A pressure relief valve must be provided ignition unless safely open. between safety shut-off valves and between 10. One (1) high oil or liquid fuel pressure pump and safety valves if an integral valve interlock; reset from flame safeguard or is used with a pump. manually. 240 INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF OIL(LIQUID) FUEL-FIRED EQUIPMENT Appendix B, Chapter 16 11.A manual firing cock. 12. If hot water or steam, two (2) low water cut-offs. 13.An atomizing medium proving switch. 14. A low oil temperature switch for oil or liquid fuel requiring preheating. 15. A High oil temperature interlock for oil or liquid fuel requiring pre-heating. 16.A separate firing rate control valve. 17. The burner oil pump must automatically not operate or rotate while the alternate fuel is firing. 18. A pressure relief valve must be provided between safety shut-off valves and between pump and safety valves if an integral valve is used with a pump. 19. A separate relief device is required on each transfer pump. 20. One (1) low oil or liquid fuel pressure interlock; reset from flame safeguard or manually. 21. Burners with automatic controls, pre- purge,proof-of-closure, modulation, or post purge shall not use relays external to the flame safeguard to accomplish these functions. (f) Shutoff valve. All oil or liquid fuel burner installations must include a non-electric shutoff valve that is held open by a fusible link designed to close at 165°F (79°C),installed near the burner in the same room as the burner. This must prevent the flow of oil or liquid fuel to the burner through the supply pipe. A check valve is required in the return line,if the tank is higher than the burner. 241 Appendix B, Chapter 16 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 242 APPENDIX C Chapter 8 �► Sizing of Category I Venting Systems See UMC Sections 103.0 and 801.0 F 801.0 Sizing of Category I Venting Systems outlet or flue collar,the smaller size shall be per- F A 801.1 Definitions. The following definitions apply mitted to be used provided: A F to tables in this part. (a) The total vent height (H) is at least 10 ft F A Appliance Categorized Vent Diameter/Area. The (3 m). A N minimum vent area/diameter permissible for (b) Vents for appliance draft hood outlets or F PCategory I appliances to maintain a non-positive vent flue collars 12 in.(30 cm)in diameter or small- P N static pressure when tested in accordance with er are not reduced more than one table size. N F nationally recognized standards. (c) Vents for appliance draft hood outlets or P A Exterior Masonry Chimneys. Masonry chimneys flue collars larger than 12 in.(30 cm)in diame- N F exposed to the outdoors on one or more sides below ter are not reduced more than two table sizes. F P the roof line. A (d)The maximum capacity listed in the tables A F Fan-Assisted Combustion System. An appliance for a fan-assisted appliance is reduced by 10 F P equipped with an integral mechanical means to either percent(0.90 x maximum table capacity). P N draw or force products of combustion through the (e)The draft hood outlet is greater than 4 in. N P combustion chamber or heat exchanger. (10 cm)in diameter.Do not connect a 3-in.(8- P N FAN Min.The minimum input rating of a Category I, cm)diameter vent to a 4-in.(10-cm)diameter N F fan-assisted appliance attached to a vent or connector. draft hood outlet. This provision shall not F N FAN Max.The maximum input rating of a Category I apply to fan-assisted appliances. N F fan-assisted appliance attached to a vent or connector. 801.2.3 Single-appliance venting configurations F A NAT Max. The maximum input rating of a Category with zero(0)lateral lengths in Tables 8-1,8-2,and A N 1, draft hood-equipped a appliance attached to a vent 8-5 shall have no elbows in the venting system. N Por connector. pp For vent configurations with lateral lengths, the P N FAN+FAN.The maximum combined appliance input venting tables include allowance for two 90- N F degree turns.For each additional 90-degree turn, F A rating of two or more Category Ifan-assisted appli- or equivalent,the maximum capacity listed in the A F antes attached to the common vent. venting tables shall be reduced by 10 percent F P FAN+NAT.The maximum combined appliance input (0.90 x maximum table capacity). Two or more P N rating of one or more Category I fan-assisted appli- turns, the combined angles of which equal 90 N F antes and one or more Category I draft hood- degrees,shall be considered equivalent to one 90- F Aequipped appliances attached to the common vent. degree turn. A F NAT+NAT.The maximum combined appliance input 801.2.4 Zero (0) lateral (L) shall apply only to a F P rating of two or more Category I draft hood-equipped straight vertical vent attached to a to outlet P Nappliances attached to the common vent. draftood or flue collar. p N PNA. Vent configuration is not permitted due to 801.2.5 Sea level input ratings shall be used P Npotential for condensate formation or pressurization when determining maximum capacity for high N P of the venting system,or not applicable due to phys- altitude installation. Actual input (derated for P N ical or geometric restraints. altitude)shall be used for determining minimum N F capacity for high altitude installation. F A 801.2 Additional Requirements to Single 801.2.6 For appliances with more than one input A F Appliance Vent Tables 8-1 through 8-5. rate, the minimum vent capacity (FAN Min) F A 801.2.1 These venting tables shall not be used determined from the tables shall be less than the A N where obstructions,as described in the exceptions lowest appliance input rating,and the maximum N Pto Section 7.15,are installed in the venting system. vent capacity (FAN Max/NAT Max) determined F A The installation of vents servinglisted appliances from the tables shall be greater than the highest A F with vent dampers shall be in accordance with the appliance rating input. F A appliance manufacturer's instructions. 801.2.7 Listed corrugated metallic chimney liner A F801.2.2 If the vent size determined from the systems in masonry chimneys shall be sized by F P tables is smaller than the appliance draft hood using Table 8-1 or 8-2 for Type B vents with the P A PP A 'Section 7.15 is from the NFPA 54,1996 Edition(see page 246). 243 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE N maximum capacity reduced by 20 percent (0.80 801.2.13 Extrapolation beyond the table entries N F P maximum capacity) and the minimum capacity shall not be permitted. P N as shown in Table 8-1 or 8-2.Corrugated metallic For SI units: I in. =2.54 cm;1 ft=0.305 m;1000 Btu per N F liner systems installed with bends or offsets shall hr= 0.293 kW, 1 in.2 = 6.45 cin2. F Ahave their maximum capacity further reduced in A N accordance with 801.2.3. N F P 803.3 Additional Requirements to Multiple P A 801.2.8 If the vertical vent has a larger diameter Appliance Vent Tables 8-6 through 8-13. N than the vent connector, the vertical vent diame- N P ter shall be used to determine the minimum vent 803.3.1 These venting tables shall not be used F P N capacity, and the connector diameter shall be where obstructions,are installed in the venting sys- A F used to determine the maximum vent capacity. tem. The installation of vents serving listed appli- F A The flow area of the vertical vent shall not exceed ances with vent dampers shall be in accordance P N seven times the flow area of the listed appliance with the appliance manufacturer's instructions. N F PP P categorized vent area, flue collar area, or draft 803.3.2 The maximum vent connector horizontal P N hood outlet area unless designated in accordance length shall be 1-1/2 ft (18 in.) for each inch (18 N P with approved engineering methods. cm per cm)of connector diameter as follows: P N 801.2.9 Tables 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4 and 8-5 shall be Connector Diameter Horizontal Length A F used for chimneys and vents not exposed to the Maximum Connector F A outdoors below the roof line. A Type B vent or list- (in.) (ft) A F ed chimney lining system passing through an 3 4 1/2 F P unused masonry chimney flue shall not be consid- 4 6 P A A ered to be exposed to the outdoors. Table 8-3 in F combination with Table 8-11 shall be used for clay- 5 71/2 F A file-lined exterior masonry chimneys,provided: 6 9 A F (a)Vent connector is Type B double-wall,and 7 101/2 F A (b) Vent connector length is limited to 1-1/2 8 12 A F ft for each inch (18 cm per cm) of vent con- 9 1 5 F 1 P nector diameter,and 10 P A 12 18 A N (c) The appliance is draft hood-equipped, N P and 14 21 P N (d) The input rating is less than the maxi- 16 24 N P mum capacity given by Table 8-3,and 18 27 P N (e) For a space-heating appliance, the input 20 30 N P rating is greater than the minimum capacity 22 33 P A given by Table 8-11. 24 36 A F If these conditions cannot be met, an alterna- For SI units: finch=2.54 cm; 1 foot=0.305 m. F A tive venting design shall be used,such as a listed A F chimney lining system. 803.3.3 The vent connector shall be routed to the F A Exception: The installation of vents serving vent utilizing the shortest possible route. A N listed appliances shall be permitted to be in Connectors with longer horizontal lengths than N P accordance with the appliance manufactur- those listed above are permitted under the fol- P N er's instructions and the terms of the listing. lowing conditions: N P 801.2.10 Vent connectors shall not be upsized (a) The maximum capacity (FAN Max or P A more than two sizes greater than the listed appli- NAT Max) of the vent connector shall be A Fance categorized vent diameter,flue collar diam- reduced 10 percent for each additional multi- F A eter,or draft hood outlet diameter. ple of the length listed above. For example, A N 801.2.11 In a single run of vent or vent connec- the maximum length listed above for a 4-in. N P tor, more than one diameter and type shall be (10-cm) connector is 6 ft(1.8 m). With aeon- P A nector length greater than 6 ft(1.8 m)but not A N permitted to be used, provided that all the sizes N F and types are permitted by the tables. exceeding 12 ft(3.7 m),the maximum capac- F P ity must be reduced by 10 percent (0.90 x P A 801.2.12 Interpolation shall be permitted in cal- A N maximum vent connector capacity). With a N F culating capacities for vent dimensions that fall F A between table entries. connector length greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) A 244 SIZING OF CATEGORY I VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C F but not exceeding 18 ft(5.5 m),the maximum equipment all located on one floor,available total F P capacity must be reduced by 20 percent(0.80 height (H) shall be measured from the highest P N x maximum vent capacity). draft hood outlet or flue collar up to the level of N P (b) For a connector serving a fan-assisted the outlet of the common vent. P N appliance,the minimum capacity(FAN Min) 803.3.12 For multistory installations, available N F of the connector shall be determined by total height (H) for each segment of the system F A referring to the corresponding single appli- shall be the vertical distance between the highest A F ante table. For Type B double-wall connec- draft hood outlet or flue collar entering that seg- F P tors,Table 8-1 shall be used. For single-wall ment and the centerline of the next higher inter- P N connectors, Table 8-2 shall be used. The connection tee. N P height (H) and lateral (L) shall be measured 803.3.13 The size of the lowest connector and of P A according to the procedures for a single the vertical vent leading to the lowest intercon- A F appliance vent, as if the other appliances nection of a multistory system shall be in actor- F A were not present. dance with Table 8-1 or 8-2 for available total A F 803.3.4 If the vent connectors are combined height(H)up to the lowest interconnection. F P prior to entering the common vent, the maxi- 803.3.14 Where used in multistory systems,ver- P N mum common vent capacity listed in the com- tical common vents shall be Type B double-wall N F mon venting tables shall be reduced by 10 per- and shall be installed with a listed vent cap. A F A cent (0.90 x maximum common vent capacity). multistory common vertical vent shall be permit- A F The length of the common vent connector mani- ted to have a single offset,provided: F P fold (LM) shall not exceed 1-1/2 ft (18 in.) for P N each inch (18 cm per cm) of common vent con- (a) The offset angle does not exceed 45 N F nector manifold diameter(D). degrees,and F A 803.3.5 If the common vertical vent is offset,the (b) The horizontal length of the offset does A N not exceed 1-1/2 ft for each inch (18 cm per N F maximum common vent capacity listed in the F P cm) of common vent diameter of the seg- P A common venting tables shall be reduced by 20 ment in which the offset is located,and A N percent (0.80 x maximum common vent capaci- N P ty), the equivalent of two 90-degree turns. The (c) For the segment of the common vertical P N horizontal length of the common vent offset(LM) vent containing the offset, the common vent A F shall not exceed 1-1/2 ft for each inch(18 cm per capacity listed in the common venting tables F A cm)of common vent diameter(D). is reduced by 20 percent (0.80 x maximum A N common vent capacity),and N F 803.3.6 Excluding elbows counted in 11.3.5, for F A each additional 90-degree turn in excess of two, (d) A multistory common vent shall not be A F the maximum capacity of that portion of the reduced in size above the offset. F P venting system shall be reduced by 10 percent 803.3.15 Where two or more appliances are con- P N (0.90 x maximum common vent capacity). Two netted to a vertical vent or chimney,the flow area N P or more turns, the combined angles of which of the largest section of vertical vent or chimney P A equal 90 degrees, shall be considered equivalent shall not exceed seven times the smallest listed A F to one 90-degree turn. appliance categorized vent areas,flue collar area, F P 803.3.7 The cross-sectional area of the common or draft hood outlet area unless designed in P Nvent shall be equal to or greater than the cross- accordance with approved engineering methods. N P sectional area of the largest connector. 803.3.16 For appliances with more than one P N803.3.8 Interconnection fittings shall be the same input rate,the minimum vent connector capacity N F size as the common vent. (FAN Min) determined from the tables shall be F A 803.3.9 Sea level in input ratings s shall be used less than the lowest appliance input rating, and A F when determining maximum capacity for high the maximum vent connector capacity(FAN Max F P or NAT Max)determined from the tables shall be P N altitude installation. Actual input (derated for greater than the highest appliance input rating. N F altitude)shall be used for determining minimum F P capacity for high altitude installation. 803.3.17 Listed, corrugated metallic chimney P liner systems in masonry chimneys shall be sized A F 803.3.10 Connector rise (R) for each appliance by using Table 8-6 or 8-7 for Type B vents, with F A connector shall be measured from the draft hood the maximum capacity reduced by 20 percent A N outlet or flue collar to the centerline where the (0.80 x maximum capacity mum) and the mini N F vent gas streams come together. F P capacity as shown in Table 8-6 or 8-7.Corrugated P A 803.3.11 For multiple units of gas utilization A 245 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE F metallic liner systems installed with bends or off- the common vent,provided ALL of the appropri- F P sets shall have their maximum capacity further ate tables permit ALL of the desired sizes and P N reduced in accordance with 11.3.6. types of pipe, as if they were used for the entire N P 803.3.18 Tables 8-6, 8-7, 8-8, 8-9, and 8-10 shall length of the subject connector or vent. If single- P A be used for chimneys and vents not exposed to wall and Type B double-wall metal pipes are A N used for vent connectors,the common vent must N F the outdoors below the roof line. A Type B vent F A or listed chimney lining system passing through be sized using Table 8-7 or 8-9 as appropriate. A F an unused masonry chimney flue shall not be 803.3.21 Where a table permits more than one F P considered to be exposed to the outdoors. Tables diameter of pipe to be used for a connector or P N 8-12 and 8-13 shall be used for clay-tile-lined vent,all the permitted sizes shall be permitted to N P exterior masonry chimneys,provided: be used. P N (a)Vent connector is Type B double-wall,and 803.3.22 Interpolation shall be permitted in cal- N F (b) At least one appliance is draft hood- culating capacities for vent dimensions that fall F A equipped,and between table entries. A F (c) The combined appliance input rating is 803.3.23 Extrapolation beyond the table entries F A less than the maximum capacity given by shall not be permitted. A F Table 8-12a (for NAT+NAT) or Table 8-13a For SI units: 1 in. = 2.54 cm; 1 in.2 = 6.45 cm2; 1 ft = F P (for FAN+NAT),and 0.305 m; 1000 Btu per hr= 0.293 kW. P N (d) The input rating of each space-heating For SI units: 1 in. = 2.54 cm; 1 in.2 = 6.45 cm2; 1 ft = N P appliance is greater than the minimum input 0.305 m;1000 Btu per hr=0.293 kW. P N rating given by Table 8-12b (for NAT+NAT) N F or Table 8-13b(for FAN+NAT). F A If these conditions cannot be met, an alternative The following are Sections from NFPA 54, 1996 A N ventingdesign shall be used, such as a listed Edition that are referenced in Appendix C: N F F P chimney lining system. P A Section 7.15 Obstructions.A device that retards the A F Exception: The installation of vents serving flow of vent gases shall not be installed in a vent con- F P listed appliances shall be permitted to be in nector, chimney, or vent. P N accordance with the appliance manufactur- N Exception No. 1: Draft regulators and safety controls F er's instructions and the terms of the listing. F P (1)specifically listed for installation in venting systems P N 803.3.19 Vent connectors shall not be upsized and installed in accordance with the terms of their list- N F more than two sizes greater than the listed appli- ing,and(2)designed and installed in accordance with F A ance categorized vent diameter,flue collar diam- approved engineering methods and approved by the A F eter,or draft hood outlet diameter. Vent connec- authority having jurisdiction. F P tors for draft hood-equipped appliances shall not Exception No. 2: Listed heat reclaimers and auto- P A be smaller than the draft hood outlet diameter. If p A N matically operated vent dampers installed in accor- N F a vent connector size(s) determined from the F P dance with the terms of their listing. P A tables for a fan-assisted appliance(s) is smaller A F than the flue collar diameter, the smaller size(s) Exception No. 3: Approved economizers, heat F P shall be permitted to be used provided: reclaimers, and recuperators installed in venting sys- P A tems of equipment not required to be equipped with A N (a) Vent connectors for fan-assisted appliance N F draft hoods, provided the gas utilization equipment F P flue collars 12 in. (300 mm) in diameter or P A smaller are not reduced by more than one table manufacturer's instructions cover the installation of A F size[e.g., in.to 10 in.(300 mm to 250 mm)is such a device in the venting system and performance F P a one-size reduction] and those larger than 12 in accordance with 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 is obtained. A A F in.(300 mm)in diameter are not reduced more F P than two table sizes [e.g., 24 in. to 20 in. (610 7.3.1 Minimum Safe Performance.A venting system P N mm to 510 mm)is a two-size reduction]. shall be designed and constructed so as to develop a N P (b) The fan-assisted appliance(s) is common positive flow adequate to remove flue or vent gases to P N vented with a draft hood-equipped appli- the outside atmosphere. N F ance(s). 7.3.2 Equipment Draft Requirements. A venting F A 803.3.20 All combination of pipe sizes, single- system shall satisfy the draft requirements of the A F wall, and double-wall metal pipe shall be equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's F A allowed within any connector run(s) or within instructions. A 246 SIZING OF CATEGORY I VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C N Table 8-1 p Capacity of Type B Double-Wall Gas Vents when Connected Directly to a Single Category i Appliance A N F Vent Diameter—D P A 3" 4„ 5" 6„ 7" N Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour F Height Lateral P H L FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN _ FAN NAT FAN PLAT FAN NAT FAN NAT A (ft) (ft) Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max N F P 6 0 0 78 46 0 152 $6 0 251 141 0 375 206 0 524 206 0 698 370 0 897 470 A 2 13 51 36 18 97 67 27 157 105 32 232 157 44 321 217 53 425 285 63 543 370 N F 4 21 49 34 30 94 64 39 153 103 50 227 153 66 316 211 79 419 279 93 536 362 P A 6 25 46 32 36 91 61 47 149 100 59 223 149 78 310 205 93 413 273 110 530 354 N F 8 0 0 84 50 0 165 94 0 276 155 0 415 235 0 583 320 0 780 415 0 1006 537 P 2 12 57 40 16 109 75 25 178 120 28 263 180 42 365 247 50 483 322 60 619 416 A N 5 23 53 38 32 103 71 42 171 115 53 255 -173 70 356 237 83 473 313 99 607 407 F P 8 28 49 35 39 98 68 51 164 109 64 247 166 84 347 227 99 463 303 117 596 396 A N 10 0 0 88 53 0 175 100 0 295 166 0 447 255 0 631 345 0 847 450 0 1096 5W F 2 12 61 42 17 118 81 23 194 129 26 289 195 40 402 273 48 533 356 57 684 467 P A 5 23 57 40 32 113 77 41 187 124 52 280 188 68 392 263 81 522 346 95 671 446 N F 10 30 51 36 41 104 70 54 176 115 67 267 175 88 376 245 104 504 330 122 651 427 P A 15 0 0 94 58 0 191 112 0 327 187 0 502 285 0 716 390 0 970 525 0 1263 682 N 2 11 69 48 15 136 93 20 226 150 22 339 225 38 475 316 45 633 414 53 815 644 P 5 22 65 45 30 130 87 39 219 142 49 330 217 64 463 300 76 620 403 90 800 529 A N 10 29 59 41 40 121 82 51 206 135 64 315 208 84 445 288 99 600 386 116 777 507 F 15 35 53 37 48 112 76 61 195 128 76 301 198 98 429 275 115 580 373 134 755 491 P A 20 0 0 97 61 0 202 119 0 349 202 0 540 307 0 776 430 0 1057 575 0 1384 752 N F 2 10 75 51 14 149 100 18 250 166 20 377 249 33 531 346 41 711 470 50 917 612 P A 5 21 71 48 29 143 96 38 242 160 47 367 241 62 519 337 73 697 460 86 902 $09 N 10 28 64 44 38 133 89 50 229 150 62 351 228 81 499 $21 95 675 443 112 877 576 F P 15 34 58 40 46 124 84 59 217 142 73 337 217 94 481 308 111 654 427 129 853 657 A 20 48 52 35 55 116 78 69 206 134 84 322 206 107 464 295 125 634 410. 145 830 537 N F P 30 0 0 100 64 0 213 128 0 374 220 0 587 336 0 853 475 0 1173 650. 0 1548 855 A 2 9 81 56 13 166 112 14 283 185 18 432 280 27 613 394 33 826 .535 42 1072 700 N F 5 21 77 54 28 160 108 36 275 176 45 421 273 58 600 385 69 811 524 82 1055 688 P A 10 27 70 50 37 150 102 48 262 171 59 405 261 77 580 371 91 788 $07 107 1028 60 N 15 33 64 NA 44 141 96 57 249 163 70 389 249 90 560 357 105 765 490 124 1002 648 F P 20 56 58 NA 53 132 90 66 237 154 80 374 237 102 542 343 119 743 473 139 977 628 A 30 NA NA NA 73 113 NA 88 214 NA 104 346 219 131 507 321 149 702 444 171 929 504 N F P 50 0 0 101 67 0 216 134 0 397 232 0 633 363 0 932 518 0 1297 708 0 1730 952 A 2 8 86 61 11 183 -122 14 320 206 15 497 314 22 715 445 26 975 $15 33 1276 $13 N F 5 20 82 NA 27 177 119 35 312 200 43 487 308 55 702 438 65 960 605 77 1259 798 P 10 26 76 NA 35 168 114 45 299 190 56 471 298 73 681 426 86 935 589 101 1230 773 A N 15 59 70 NA 42 158 NA 54 287 180 66 455 288 85 662 413 100 911 572 117 1203 747 F P 20 NA NA NA 50 149 NA 63 275 169 76 440 278 97 642 461 113 888 556 131 1176 722 A 30 NA NA NA 69 131 NA 84 250 NA 99 410 2% 123 605 976 141 844 $22 161 1125 670 N F P 100 0 NA NA NA 0 218 NA 0 407 NA 0 665 400 0 997 560 0 1411 770 0 1908 1040 A 2 NA NA NA 10 194 NA 12 354 NA 13 566 375 18 831 510 21 1155 700 25 1536 935 N F 5 NA NA NA 26 189 NA 33 347 NA 40 557 369 52 820 504 60 1141 692 71 1519 926 P 10 NA NA NA 33 182 NA 43 335 NA 53 542 361 68 801 493 80 1118 679 94 1492 910 A N 15 NA NA NA 40 174 NA 50 321 NA 62 528 3$3 80 782 482 93 1095 666 109 1465 805 F P 20 NA NA NA 47 166 NA 59 311 NA 71 513 344 90 763 471 105 1073 653 122 1438 880 A 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA 78 290 NA 92 483 NA 115 726 449 131 1029 627 149 1387 849 N F 50 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 147 428 NA 1 180 651 4051 197 944 5751 217 1288 787 P A 247 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE N Table 8-1 (Continued) F P A Vent Diameter—D N 10" 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 22" 24" F P Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour A Height Lateral N H L FAN NA FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NA FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT F P (ft) (ft) Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max WX Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max A N 6 0 0 1121 570 0 1645 850 0 2267 1170 0 2983 1530 0 3802 1960 0 4721 2430 0 5737 2950 0 6853 3520 F 2 75 675 455 103 982 650 138 1346 890 178 1769 1170 225 2250 1480 296 2782 1850 360 3377 2220 426 4030 2670 P A 4 110 668 445 147 975 640 191 1338 880 242 1761 1160 300 2242 1475 390 2774 1835 469 3370 2215 555 4023 2660 N F 6 128 661 435 171 967 630 219 1330 870 276 1753 1150 341 2235 1470 437 2767 1820 523 3363 2210 618 4017 2650 P A 8 0 0 1261 6W 0 1858 970 0 2571 1320 0 3399 1740 0 4333 2220 0 5387 2750 0 6555 3360 0 7838 4010 N F 2 71 770 515 98 1124 745 130 1543 1020 168 2030 1340 212 2584 1700 278 3196 2110 336 3882 2560 401 4634 3050 P 5 115 758 503 154 1110 733 199 1528 1010 251 2013 1330 311 2563 1685 398 3180 2090 476 3863 2545 562 4612 3040 A N 8 137 746 490 180 1097 720 231 1514 1000 289 2000 1320 354 2552 1670 450 3163 2070 537 3850 2530 630 4602 3030 F P 10 0 0 1377 720 0 2036 1060 0 2825 1450 0 3742 1925 0 4782 2450 0 5955 3050 0 7254 3710 0 8682 4450 A N 2 68 852 560 93 1244 850 124 1713 1130 161 2256 1480 202 2868 1890 264 3556 2340 319 4322 2840 378 5153 3390 F 5 112 839 547 149 1229 829 192 1696 1105 243 2238 1461 300 2849 1871 382 3536 2318 458 4301 2818 540 5132 3371 P A 10 142 817 $26 187 1204 796 238 1669 1080 298 2209 1430 364 2818 1640 459 3504 2280 546 4268 2780 641 5099 3340 N F 15 0 0 1596 840 0 2380 1240 0 3323 1720 0 4423 2270 0 5678 2900 0 7099 3620 0 8665 4410 0 10393 5300 P A 2 63 1019 675 86 1495 985 114 2062 1350 147 2719 1770 186 3467 2260 239 4304 2800 290 5232 3410 346 6251 4080 N F 5 105 1003 660 140 1476 967 182 2041 1327 229 2696 1748 283 3442 2235 355 4278 2777 426 5204 3385 501 6222 4057 P 10 135 977 635 177 1446 936 227 2009 1289 283 2659 1712 346 3402 2193 432 4234 2739 510 5159 3343 599 6175 4019 A N 15 155 953 610 202 1418 905 257 1976 1250 318 2623 1675 385 3363 2150 479 4192 2700 564 5115 3300 665 6129 39$0 F P 20 0 0 1756 930 0 2637 1350 0 3701 1900 0 4948 2520 0 6376 3250 0 7988 4060 0 9785 4980 0 11753 6000 A N 2 59 1150 755 81 1694 1100 107 2343 1520 139 3097 2000 175 3955 2570 220 4916 3200 269 5983 3910 321 7154 4700 F 5 101 1133 73$ 135 1674 1079 174 2320 1498 219 3071 1978 270 3926 2544 337 4885 3174 403 5950 3880 475 7119 4662 P A 10 130 1105 710 172 1641 1045 220 2282 1460 273 3029 1940 334 3880 2500 413 4835 3130 489 5896 3630 573 7063 4600 N F 15 150 1078 688 195 1609 1018 248 2245 1425 306 2988 1910 372 3835 2465 459 4786 30% 541 5844 3795 631 7007 4575 P 20 167 1052 $65 217 1578 990 273 2210 1390 335 2948 1880 404 3791 2430 495 4737 3050 585 5792 3760 689 6953 4550 A N F 30 0 0 1977 1060 0 3004 1550 0 4252 2170 0 5725 2920 0 7420 3770 0 9341 4750 0 11483 58$0 0 13848 70610 P 2 54 1351 865 74 2004 1310 98 2786 18W 127 3696 2380 159 4734 3050 199 5900 3810 241 7194 4650 285 8617 5600 A N 5 96 1332 851 127 1981 1289 164 2759 1775 206 3666 2350 252 4701 3020 312 5863 3763 373 7155 4622 439 8574 5562 F P 10 125 1301 829 164 1944 1254 209 2716 1733 259 3617 2300 316 4647 2970 386 5803 3739 456 7090 4574 535 8505 $471 A 15 143 1272 807 187 1908 1220 237 2674 1692 292 3570 2250 354 4594 2920 431 5744 3695 507 7026 4527 590 8437 5391 N F 20 160 1243 784 207 1873 1185 260 2633 1650 319 3523 2200 384 4542 2870 467 5686 3650 548 6964 4480 639 8370 5310 P A 30 195 1189 745 246 1807 1130 305 2555 1%5 369 3433 2130 440 4442 2785 540 5574 3565 635 6842 4375 739 8239 522$ N F 50 0 0 2231 1195 0 3441 1$4 0 4934 2550 0 6711 3440 0 8774 4460 0 11129 5635 0 13767 6940 0 16694 $430 P 2 41 1620 1010 66 2431 1513 86 3409 2125 113 4554 2840 141 5864 3670 171 7339 4630 209 8980 5695 251 10788 6860 A N 5 90 1600 096 118 2406 1495 151 3380 2102 191 4520 2813 234 5826 3639 283 7295 4597 336 8933 5654 394 10737 6818 F P 10 118 1567 972 154 2366 1466 196 3332 2064 243 4464 2767 295 5763 3565 355 7224 4542 419 8855 5585 491 10652 6749 A 15 136 1536 948 177 2327 1437 222 3285 2026 274 4409 2721 330 5701 3534 396 7155 4511 465 8779 5546 542 10570 6710 N F 20 151 1505 924 195 2288 1408 244 3239 1967 300 4356 2675 361 5641 3481 433 7086 4479 506 8704 5506 586 10488 6670 P A 30 183 1446 876 232 2214 1349 287 3150 *10 347 4253 2631 412 5523 3431 494 6953 4421 577 8557 5444 672 10328 6603 N F 100 0 0 2491 1310 0 3925 2050 0 5729 2950 0 7914 4050 0 10485 5$00 0 13454 6700 0 16817$600 0 2057810300 0 A 2 30 1975 1170 44 3027 1820 72 4313 2550 95 5834 3500 120 7591 4600 138 9577 5800 169 11803 7200 204 14264 8800 N 5 82 1955 1159 107 3002 1803 136 4282 2631 172 5797 3475 208 7548 4566 245 9528 5769 293 11748 7162 341 14204 8766 F P 10 108 1923 1142 142 2961 1775 180 4231 2500 223 5737 3434 268 7478 4509 318 9447 5717 374 11658 7100 436 14105$683 A N 15 126 1892 1124 163 2920 1747 206 4162 2469 252 5678 3392 304 7409 4451 358 9367 5665 418 11569 7037 487 14007 8610 F 20 141 1861 007 181 2880 1719 226 4133 2438 277 5619 8361 330 7341 4394 387 9289 %13 452 11482 6976 523 13910 8637 P A 30 170 1802 1071 215 2803 16W 265 4037 2375 319 5505 3267 378 7209 4279 446 9136 5509 514 11310 6850 592 13720 8391 N 50 F 1241 1688 1000 292 2657 15501 350 3856 22501 415 5289 31001 486 6956 40501 572 8841 5300 1 659 10979 WO 1 752 13354 8100 P A 248 SIZING OF CATEGORY I VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C N Table 8-2 p Capacity of Type B Double-Wall Vents with Single-Wall Metal Connectors Serving a Single Category I Appliance A N F P Vent Diameter—D A 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 12" N F Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour P Height Latera A H L FAN NAJ FAN NAI FAN NAI FAN NA FAN NAI FAN NAJ FAN NAJ FAN NAJ FAN NAT F (it) (it) Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max P A 6 0 38 77 45 59 151 85 85 249 140 126 373 204 165 522 284 211 695 369 267 894 469 371 1118 569 537 1639 849 N F 2 39 51 36 60 96 66 85 156 104 123 231 156 159 320 213 201 423 2$4 251 541 368 347 673 453 498 979 64$ P 4 NA NA 33 74 92 63 102 152 102 146 225 152 187 313 208 237 416 277 295 533 360 409 664 443 584 971 636 A N 6 NA NA 31 83 89 60 114 147 99 163 220 148 207 307 20263 409 271 327 526 352 449 656 433 638 962 $27 F P 8 0 37 83 50 58 164 93 83 273 154 123 412 234 161 580 319 206 777 414 258 1002 536 360 1257 658 521 1852 967 A N 2 39 56 39 59 108 75 83 176 119 121 261 179 155 363 246 197 482 321 246 617 417 339 768 513 486 1120 743 F 5 NA NA 37 77 102 69 107 168 114 151 252 171 193 352 235 245 470 311 305 604 404 418 754 500 598 1104 730 P A 8 NA NA 33 90 95 64 122 161 107 175 243 163 223 342 225 280 458 3W 344 591 392 470 740 486 665 1089 715 N F 10 0 37 87 53 57 174 99 82 293 165 120 444 254 158 628 344 202 844 449 253 1093 584 351 1373 718 507 2031 1057 P A 2 39 61 41 59 117 80 82 193 128 119 287 194 153 400 272 193 531 354 242 681 456 332 849 559 475 1242 848 N F 5 52 56 39 76 ill 76 105 185 122 148 277 186 190 388 26t 241 518 344 299 667 443 409 834 544 584 1224 825 P 10 NA NA 34 97 100 6$ 132 171 112 188 261 171 237 369 241 296 497 325 363 643 423 492 808 520 688 1194 788 A N F 15 0 36 93 57 56 190 111 80 325 106 116 499 283 153 713 388 195 966 523 2" 1259 681 336 1591 838 488 2374 1237 P 2 38 69 47 57 136 93 80 225 149 115 337 224 148 473 314 187 631 413 232 812 543 319 1015 673 457 1491 983 4 N 5 51 63 44 75 128 86 102 216 140 144 326 217 182 459 298 231 616 400 287 795 526 392 997 657 562 1469 963 F 10 NA NA 39 95 116 79 128 201 131 182 308 203 228 438 44 284 592 381 349 768 501 470 966 628 664 1433 928 0 A 15 NA NA NA NA NA 72 158 186 124 220 290 192 272 418 269 334 568 367 404 742 484 540 937 601 750 1399 894 N F 20 0 35 96 60 54 200 118 78 346 201 114 537 306 149 772 428 190 1053 573 238 1379 750 326 1751 927 473 2631 1346 P A 2 37 74 50 56 148 99 78 248 165 113 375 248 144 528 344 182 708 468 227 914 611 309 1146 754 443 1689 1098 N F 5 50 68 47 73 140 94 100 239 158 141 363 239 178 514 334 224 692 457 279 896 596 381 1126 734 547 1665 1074 P 10 NA NA 41 93 129 86 125 223 146 177 344 224 222 491 316 277 666 437 339 866 570 457 1092 702 646 1626 1037 A N 15 NA NA NA NA NA 80 155 208 136 216 325 210 264 469 30t 325 640 419 393 838 649 526 1060 677 730 1587 1006 F P 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA 186 192 126 254 306 196 309 448 285 374 616 400 448 810 526 592 1028 651 808 1550 973 A N 30 0 34 99 63 53 211 127 76 372 219 110 584 334 144 849 472 184 1168 647 229 1542 852 312 1971 10%454 2996 1545 F 2 37 80 % 55 164 111 76 281 183 109 429 279 139 610 392 175 823 533 219 1069 698 296 1346 863 424 1999 13M P A 5 49 74 52 72 157 106 98 271 173 136 417 271 171 595 36P 215 806 $21 269 1049 684 366 1324 846 524 1971 1283 N F 10 NA NA NA 91 144 98 122 255 168 171 397 257 213 570 367 265 777 501 327 1017 662 440 1287 821 620 1927 1243 P 15 NA NA NA 115 131 NA 151 239 157 208 377 242 255 547 349 312 750 481 379 985 638 507 1251 794 702 1884 12M A N 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA 181 223 NA 246 357 228 298 524 333 360 723 461 433 955 615 570 1216 768 780 1841 1t66 F 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 389 477 V5 461 670 426 541 895 $74 704 1147 74 937 1759 1101 P A N 50 0 33 99 66 51 213 133 73 394 230 105 629 361 138 928 515 176 1292 7Q4 220 1724 948 295 2223 1180 428 3432 late F P 2 36 84 61 53 181 121 73 318 206 104 495 312 133 712 443 168 971 612 209 1273 811 280 1615 1007 401 2426 t509 A 5 48 80 NA 70 174 117 94 308 198 131 482 3M 104 696 435 204 953 602 257 1252 795 347 1591 99t 496 2396 1490 N F 10 NA NA NA 89 160 NA 118 292 186 162 461 2W 203 671 420 253 923 %a 313 1217 765 418 1551 ',W 589 2347 1455 P 15 NA NA NA 112 148 NA 145 275 174 199 441 280 244 646 405 299 894 562 363 1183 736 481 1512 934 668 2299 1421 A N 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA 176 257 NA 236 420 267 285 622 389 345 866 543 415 1150 708 544 1473 9W 741 2251 1*7 F P 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 315 376 NA 373 573 NA 442 809 502 521 1086 649 674 1399 848 892 2159 1318' A N 100 0 NA NA NA 49 214 NA 69 403 NA 100 659 395 131 991 $55 166 1404 785 207 1900 1033 273 2479 13M 395 3912 2042 F P 2 NA NA NA 51 192 NA 70 351 NA 98 563 373 125 828 508 158 1152 698 196 1532 933 259 1970 118$ 371 3021 1817 A 5 NA NA NA 67 186 NA 90 342 NA 125 551 3% 156 813 501 194 1134 668 240 1511 921 322 1945 1153 460 2990 1796 N F 10 NA NA NA 85 175 NA 113 324 NA 153 532 354 191 789 486 238 1104 672 293 1477 902 389 1905 1130 547 2938 1163 P A 15 NA NA NA 132 162 NA 138 310 NA 188 511 343 230 764 473 281 1075 656 342 1443 884 447 1865 1110 618 2888 1730 N 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA 168 295 NA 224 487 NA 270 739 458 325 1046 W9 391 1410 864 507 1825 1087 690 2838 16M F P 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA 231 264 NA 301 448 NA 355 685 NA 418 988 NA 491 1343 $24 631 1747 1041 834 2739 1627 A 50 1 NA NA NA INA NA NA I NA NA NA NA NA NA 540 584 NA 617 866 NA 1 711 1205 NA 895 1591 NA 1138 2547 1489 249 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE N Table 8-3 F Capacity of Mason Chimney Flue with Type B Double-Wall Vent Connectors Serving a Single Category I Appliance P P Y Masonry Y YP 9 9 9 rY PP A N F P Type BDouble-Wall Connector Diameter—D A To be used with chimney areas within the size limits at bottom N 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 12" F P Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour A Height Lateral N H L FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN MAI FAN NA FAN NA FAN NA FAN NA FAN NA FAN NAT F P (ft) (ft) Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max A N 6 2 NA NA 28 NA NA 52 NA NA 86 NA NA 130 NA NA 160 NA NA 247 NA NA 320 NA NA 401 NA NA 581 F 5 NA NA 25 NA NA 49 NA NA 82 NA NA 117 NA NA 165 NA NA 231 NA NA 298 NA NA 376 NA NA 561 P A 8 2 NA NA 29 NA NA 55 NA NA 93 NA NA 145 NA NA 198 NA NA 266 84 590 350 100 728 446 139 1024 651 N F 5 NA NA 26 NA NA 52 NA NA 88 NA NA 134 NA NA 183 NA NA 247 NA NA 328 149 711 423 201 1007 640 P A 8 NA NA 24 NA NA 48 NA NA 83 NA NA 127 NA NA 175 NA NA 239 NA NA 318 173 695 410 231 990 623 N F 10 2 NA NA 31 NA NA 61 NA. NA 103 NA NA 162 NA NA 221 68 519 298 82 655 388 98 810 491 136 1144 724 P A 5 NA NA 28 NA NA 57 NA NA 96 NA NA 148 NA NA 204 NA NA 277 124 638 365 146 791 466 196 1124 712 N 10 NA NA 25 NA NA 50 NA NA 87 NA NA 139 NA NA 191 NA NA 263 155 610 347 182 762 444 240 1093 668 F P A 15 2 NA NA 35 NA NA 67 NA NA 114 NA NA 179 53 475 250 64 613 336 77 779 441 92 968 562 127 1376 841 N 5 NA NA 35 NA NA 62 NA NA 107 NA NA 164 NA NA 231 99 594 313 118 759 416 139 946 533 186 1352 826 F P 10 NA NA 28 NA NA 55 NA NA 97 NA NA 153 NA NA 216 126 565 296 148 727 394 173 912 $67 229 1315 -M A 15 NA NA NA NA NA 48 NA NA 89 NA NA 141 NA NA 201 NA NA 281 171 698 375 198 880 485 259 1280 742 N F P 20 2 NA NA 38 NA NA 74 NA NA 124 NA NA 201 51 522 274 61 678 375 73 867 491 87 1083 627 121 1548 953 A 5 NA NA 36 NA NA 68 NA NA 116 NA NA 184 80 503 254 95 658 350 113 845 463 133 1059 557 179 1523 933 N F 10 NA NA NA NA NA 60 NA NA 107 NA NA 172 NA NA 237 122 627 332 143 811 440 167 1022 566 221 1482 879 P A 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 97 NA NA 159 NA NA 220 NA NA 314 165 780 418 191 987 541 251 1443 840 N 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 83 NA NA 148 NA NA 206 NA NA 296 186 750 397 214 955 513 277 1406 807 F P A 30 2 NA NA 41 NA NA 82 NA NA 137 NA NA 216 47 581 3W 57 762 421 68 985 558 81 1240 717 111 1793 1112 N 5 NA NA NA NA NA 76 NA NA 128 NA NA 196 75 561 281 90 741 393 106 962 526 125 1216 683 169 1766 1094 F P 10 NA NA NA NA NA 67 NA NA 115 NA NA 184 NA NA 263 115 709 373 135 927 500 158 1176 M 210 1721 1025 A N 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 107 NA NA 171 NA NA 243 NA NA 353 156 893 476 181 1139 62t 239 1679 981 F 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 91 NA NA 159 NA NA 227 NA NA 332 176 860 460 203 1103 592 264 1638 940 P A 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 188 NA NA 288 NA NA 416 249 1035 555 318 1560 877 N F 50 2 NA NA NA NA NA 92 NA NA 161 NA NA 251 NA NA 351 51 840 477 61 1106 633 72 1413 812 99 2080 1243 P A 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 151 NA NA 230 NA NA 323 83 819 446 98 1083 596 116 1387 774 155 2052 1225 F 10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 138 NA NA 215 NA NA 304 NA NA 424 126 1047 567 147 1347 733 195 2006 1147 P 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 127 NA NA 199 NA NA 282 NA NA 400 146 1010 539 170 1307 702 222 1961 1099 A N 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 185 NA NA 264 NA NA 376 165 977 511 190 1269 669 246 1916 1050 FP 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 327 NA NA 468 233 1196 623 295 1832 984 A Minimum N Internal Area of 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 95 132 F Chimney Square P Inches A Maximum N Internal Area of 49 88 137 198 269 352 445 550 792 PChimney Square A Inches t 250 SIZING OF CATEGORY I VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C N Table 8-4 F Capacity of Masonry Chimney Flue with Single-Wall Vent Connectors Serving a Single Category I Appliance P A N F Single-Wall Metal Connector Diameter—D P To be used with chimney areas within the size limits at bottom A N 3„ 4 5„ 6„ 7 6, 9 10 12 F P Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour A Height Lateral N H L FAN MAT FAN NAT FAN NA FAN NA FAN NA FAN NA FAN NA FAN NA FAN NAT F P (ft) (ft) Min Max Max Min Max flax Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max A N 6 2 NA NA 28 NA NA 52 NA NA 86 NA NA 130 NA NA 180 NA NA 247 NA NA 319 NA NA 400 NA NA 5W F 5 NA NA 25 NA NA 48 NA NA 81 NA NA 116 NA NA 164 NA NA 230 NA NA 297 NA NA 376 NA NA 560 P A N 8 2 NA NA 29 NA NA 65 NA NA 93 NA NA 145 NA NA 197 NA NA 265 NA NA 849 382 725 445 549 1021 6W F 5 NA NA 26 NA NA 51 NA NA 87 NA NA 133 NA NA 182 NA NA 246 NA NA 327 NA NA 422 673 1003 638 P A 8 NA NA 23 NA NA 47 NA NA 82 NA NA 126 NA NA 174 NA NA 237 NA NA $17 NA NA 408 747 985 621 N F 10 2 NA NA 31 NA NA 61 NA NA 102 NA NA 161 NA NA 22D 216 518 297 271 654 387 373 808 490 536 1142 722 P A 5 NA NA 28 NA NA 56 NA NA 95 NA NA 147 NA NA 2D3 NA NA 276 334 635 364 459 789 465 657 1121 710 N 10 NA NA 24 NA NA 49 NA NA 86 NA NA 137 NA NA 184 NA NA 26t NA NA 345 547 758 441 771 1088 665 F P 15 2 NA NA 35 NA NA 67 NA NA 113 NA NA 178 166 473 249 211 611 336 264 776 440 362 965 56D 520 1373 840 A N 5 NA NA 32 NA NA 61 NA NA 106 NA NA 163 NA NA 230 261 591 312 325 755 414 444 942 531 637 1348 825 P P 10 NA NA 27 NA NA 54 NA NA 98 NA NA 151 NA NA 214 NA NA 294 392 722 392 531 907 NX 749 1309 774 A 15 NA NA NA NA NA 46 NA NA 87 NA NA 138 NA NA 198 NA NA 278 452 692 372 606 873 481 841 1272 738 N F P 20 2 NA NA 38 NA NA 73 NA NA 123 NA NA 2W 163 520 273 206 675 374 258 864 490 252 1079 626 508 1544 950 A 5 NA NA 35 NA NA 67 NA NA t15 NA NA 183 NA NA 252 255 655 348 317 842 461 433 1055 594 623 1518 830 N 10 NA NA NA NA NA 69 NA NA 105 NA NA 170 NA NA 235 312 622 33t1 382 806 437 517 1016 %2 733 1475 675 F P 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 95 NA NA 156 NA NA 217 NA NA 311 442 773 414 591 979 539 823 1434 835 A N 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80 NA NA 144 NA NA 202 NA NA 2W NA NA 392 663 944 $10 911 1394 8D0 F P 30 2 NA NA 41 NA NA 81 NA NA 136 NA NA 215 158 578 302 200 759 420 249 982 556 340 1237 716 489 1789 1110 A N 5 NA NA NA NA NA 75 NA NA 127 NA NA 196 NA NA 279 245 737 1$1 306 958 524 417 1210 680 600 1760 1090 F 10 NA NA NA NA NA 66 NA NA 113 NA NA 182 NA NA 2W 300 703 370 370 920 496 500 1168 644 708 1713 1020 P A 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 105 NA NA 168 NA NA 240 NA NA 349 428 884 471 572 1128 615 798 1668 975 N F 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA 155 NA NA 223 NA NA 327 NA NA 445 643 1089 5W 883 1624 Sin P 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 182 NA NA 281 NA NA 408 NA NA 544 10551539 866 A N 50 2 NA NA NA NA NA 91 NA NA 160 NA NA 250 NA NA 3W 191 837 476 238 1103 631 323 1408 $10 463 2076 1240 F P 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 149 NA NA 228 NA NA 321 NA NA 442 293 1078 593 398 1381 770 571 2044 1220 A N 10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 136 NA NA 212 NA NA 3(11 NA NA 420 355 1038 562 447 1337 724 674 1994 1140 F 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 124 NA NA 195 NA NA 278 NA NA 395 NA NA 533 546 1294 6% 761 1945 1090 P A 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 180 NA NA 258 NA NA 370 NA NA 504 616 1251 6W 844 1898 1040 N F 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3f8 NA NA 458 NA NA 610 10091805 970 P A Minimum N Internal Area of F Chimney Square 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 95 132 P Inches A Maximum N Internal Area of 49 88 137 198 269 352 445 550 792 F Chimney Square AInches N 251 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE N Table 8-5 F P Capacity of Single-Wall Metal Pipe or Type B Asbestos Cement Vents Serving a Single Draft Hood-Equipped Appliance A N F P Vent Diameter—D A 3" 4„ 5" 6" 7" 8„ 10" 12„ N Height Lateral F H L Maximum Appliance Input Rating in P A (ft) (ft) Thousands of Btu per Hour N 6 0 39 70 116 170 232 312 500 750 F P 2 31 55 94 141 194 260 415 620 A N 5 28 51 88 128 177 242 390 600 F P 8 0 42 76 126 185 252 340 542 815 A 2 32 61 102 154 210 284 451 680 N F 5 29 56 95 141 194 264 430 648 P A 10 24 49 86 131 180 250 406 625 N F 10 0 45 84 138 202 279 372 606 912 P 2 35 67 ill 168 233 311 505 760 A N 5 32 61 104 153 215 289 480 724 F P 10 27 54 94 143 200 274 455 700 A 15 NA 46 84 130 186 258 432 666 N F 15 0 49 91 151 223 312 420 684 1040 P A 2 39 72 122 186 260 350 570 865 N F 5 35 67 110 170 240 325 540 825 P 10 30 58 103 158 223 308 514 795 A N 15 NA 50 93 144 207 291 488 760 F P 20 NA NA 82 132 195 273 466 726 A N 20 0 53 101 163 252 342 470 770 1190 F 2 42 80 136 210 286 392 641 990 P A 5 38 74 123 192 264 364 610 945 N F 10 32 65 115 178 246 345 571 910 P 15 NA 55 104 163 228 326 550 870 A N 20 NA NA 91 149 214 306 525 832 F P 30 0 56 108 183 276 384 529 878 1370 A N 2 44 84 148 230 320 441 730 1140 F 5 NA 78 137 210 296 410 694 1080 P A 10 NA 68 125 196 274 388 656 1050 N 15 NA NA 113 177 258 366 625 1000 F P 20 NA NA 99 163 240 344 596 960 A N 30 NA NA NA NA 192 295 540 890 F P 50 0 NA 120 210 310 443 590 980 1550 A 2 NA 95 171 260 370 492 820 1290 N F 5 NA NA 159 234 342 474 780 1230 P A 10 NA NA 146 221 318 456 730 1190 N 15 NA NA NA 200 292 407 705 1130 F P 20 NA NA NA 185 276 384 670 1080 A 30 NA NA NA NA 222 330 605 1010 N F 252 SIZING OF CATEGORY I VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C N Table 8-6 F Capacity of Type B Double-Wall Vents with Type B Double-Wall Connectors Serving Two or More Category I Appliances P P Y YP YP 9 9 rY PP A N F Vent Connector Capacity P A Type B Double-Wall Vent and Connector Diameter—D N F 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 6 y„ 1D„ A Vent Connecto Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour A N Height Lateral F H R FAN NAT FAN HAT FAN MAT FAN NAI FAN NA FAN NA FAN NA FAN NAT P (ft) (ft) Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Ma Min Max Max Min Max N X Min Max MaxMin Max Max A N 6 1 22 37 26 35 66 46 46 106 72 58 164 104 77 225 142;92 296 1$5 109 376 237 128 466 289 F P 2 23 41 31 37 75 55 48 121 86 60 183 124 79 253 168 333 220 112 424 282 131 526 345 A 3 24 44 35 38 81 62 49 132 96 62 199 139 82 275 189 363 248 114 463 317 134 575 386 NFP 8 1 22 40 27 35 72 48 49 114 76 64 176 109 84 243 148 320 194 118 408 248 138 507 303 A2 23 44 32 36 80 57 51 128 90 66 195 129 86 269 175 356 230 121 454 294 141 564 358 N F 3 24 47 36 37 87 64 53 139 101 67 210 145 88 290 19$ 105 384 258 123 492 330 143 612 4D2 P A 10 1 22 43 28 34 78 50 49 123 78 65 189 113 89 257 154 106 341 200 125 436 257 146 542 314 N F 2 23 47 33 36 86 59 51 136 93 67 206 134 91 282 182 109 374 23$ 128 479 305 149 596 372 P 3 24 50 37 37 92 67 52 146 104 69 220 150 94 303 205 111 402 268 131 515 342 152 642 417 A N F 15 1 21 50 30 33 89 53 47 142 83 64 220 120 88 298 1$3 110 389 214 134 493 273 162 609 333 P 2 22 53 35 35 96 63 49 153 99 66 235 142 91 320 193 112 419 253 137 532 323 165 658 394 A N 3 24 55 40 36 102 71 51 163 111 68 248 160 93 339 218 115 445 286 140 565 365 167 700 444 F P 20 1 21 54 31 33 99 56 46 157 87 62 246 125 86 334 171 107 436 224 131 552 285 158 681 347 A N 2 22 57 37 34 105 66 48 167 104 64 259 140 89 354 202 110 463 265 134 587 339 161 725 414 F 3 23 60 42 35 110 74 50 176 116 66 271 168 91 371 22$ 113 486 300 137 618 303 164 764 466 P A N 30 1 20 62 33 31 113 59 45 181 93 60 288 134 83 391 182 103 512 238 125 649 305 151 802 372 F 2 21 64 39 33 118 70 47 190 110 62 299 158 85 408 215 105 535 282 129 679 360 155 840 439 P A 3 22 66 44 34 123 79 48 198 124 64 309 178 88 423 242 108 555 317 132 706 405 158 874 494 N F 50 1 19 71 36 30 133 64 43 216 101 57 349 145 78 477 197 97 627 257 120 797 330 1" 984 403 P A 2 21 73 43 32 137 76 45 223 119 59 358 172 81 490 234 100 645 306 123 820 392 148 1014 478 N 3 22 75 48 33 141 86 46 229 134 61 366 194 83 502 263 103 661 343 126 842 441 151 1043 538 F P 100 1 18 82 37 28 158 66 40 262 104 53 442 150 73 611 204 91 810 266 112 1038 341 135 1285 417 A N 2 19 83 44 30 161 79 42 267 123 55 447 178 75 619 242 94 822 316 115 1054 405 139 1306 494 F P 3 20 84 50 31 163 $9 44 272 138 57 452 200 78 627 272 97 834 355 118 1069 455 142 1327 555 A N F P A Common Vent Capacity N F Type B Double-Wall Common Vent Diameter—D P A 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" to-- N Vent F Height Combined Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour P A H FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT N F (ft) +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT+NA +FAN +NAT +NAT P 6 92 81 65 140 116 103 204 161 147 309 248 200 404 314 260 547 434 335 672 520 410 A N 8 101 90 73 155 129 114 224 178 163 339 275 228 444 348 290 602 480 $78 740 577 465 F P 10 110 97 79 169 141 124 243 194 178 367 299 242 477 377 315 649 522 405 800 627 495 A 15 125 112 91 195 164 144 283 228 206 427 352 280 556 444 365 753 612 485 924 733 866 N F 20 136 123 102 215 183 160 314 255 229 475 394 310 621 499 405 842 688 523 1035 826 640 P 30 152 138 118 244 210 185 361 297 266 547 459 360 720 585 470 979 808 605 1209 975 740 A N 50 167 153 134 279 244 214 421 353 310 641 547 423 854 706 55D 1164 977 705 1451 1188 $60 F P 100 175 163 NA 311 277 NA 489 421 NA 751 658 479 1025 873 625 1408 1215 600 1784 1502 975 A 253 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE N Table 8-6(Continued) F P Vent Connector Capacity A — — -- --- N Type B Double-Wall Vent and Connector Diameter—D F P 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 22 24" A Vent Connector Appliance Input Rating Limits in Thousands of Btu per Hour N Height Rise F P H R FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT A (ft) (ft) Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max N F 6 2 174 764 496 223 1046 653 281 1371 853 346 1772 1080 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA P A 4 180 897 616 230 1231 827 287 1617 1081 352 2069 1370 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N F 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA P 8 2 186 822 516 238 1126 696 298 1478 910 365 1920 115C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA A N 4 192 952 644 244 1307 884 305 1719 1150 372 2211 146 471 2737 1800 560 3319 218 662 3957 2590 F 6 198 1050 772 252 1445 1072 313 1902 1390 380 2434 177C 478 3018 2180 568 3665 264 669 4373 3130 P A 10 2 196 870 536 249 1195 730 311 1570 955 379 2049 120E NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N 4 201 997 664 256 1371 924 318 1804 120 387 2332 1531 486 2887 1890 581 3502 2280 686 4175 2710 F P 6 207 1095 792 263 1509 1118 325 1989 145 395 2556 186E 494 3169 2290 589 3849 2760 694 4593 3270 A N 15 2 214 967 568 272 1334 790 336 1760 103C 408 2317 130 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA F 4 221 1085 712 279 1499 1006 344 1978 132C 416 2579 166 523 3197 2060 624 3881 2490 734 4631 2960 P A 6 228 1181 856 286 1632 1222 351 2157 161C 424 2796 202t 533 3470 2510 634 4216 303C 743 5035 3600 N F 20 2 223 1051 596 291 1443 840 357 1911 109 430 2533 138 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA P 4 230 1162 748 298 1597 1064 365 2116 1395 438 2778 176E 554 3447 2180 661 4190 263C 772 5005 3130 A N 6 237 1253 900 307 1726 1288 373 2287 1695 450 2984 2141 567 3708 2650 671 4511 3190 785 5392 3790 F 30 2 216 1217 632 286 1664 910 367 2183 1190 461 2891 154C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA P A 4 223 1316 792 294 1802 1160 376 2366 151 474 3110 192C 619 3840 2365 728 4861 286C 847 5606 3410 N F 6 231 1400 952 303 1920 1410 384 2524 183C 485 3299 234 632 4080 2875 741 4976 348C 860 5961 4150 P 50 2 206 1479 689 273 2023 1007 350 2659 131 435 3548 166 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA A N 4 213 1561 860 281 2139 1291 359 2814 16&1 447 3730 213E 580 4601 2633 709 5569 316,4 851 6633 3790 F 6 221 1631 1031 290 2242 1575 369 2951 205 461 3893 260 594 4808 3208 724 5826 3889, 867 6943 4620 P A 100 2 192 1923 712 254 2644 1050 326 3490 137 402 4707 174 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N F 4 200 1984 868 263 2731 134 336 3606 176 414 4842 222 523 5982 275 639 7254 33 769 8650 3950 P 6 208 2035 1064 272 2811 164 346 3714 21 426 4968 270 539 6143 3350 654 7453 407 786 8892 4810 A N F P A N F P A Common Vent Capacity N F Type B Double-Wall Common Vent Diameter—D P A 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 22 24" N Vent Combined Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour F P Height A H FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT N (ft) +FAN +NAT+NAT +FAN +NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT +NAT +FAN+NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NAT F P 6 900 696 588 1284 990 815 1735 1336 1065 2253 1732 1345 2838 2180 1660 3488 2677 1970 4206 3226 2390 A N 8 994 773 6,52 1423 1103 914 1927 1491 11 2Q 2507 1936 1 10 3162 2439 1MQ 3890 2998 2M 4695 3616 aao F P 10 1076 841 712 1542 1200 995 2093 1625 1300 2727 2113 1645 3444 2665 2030 4241 3278 2400 5123 3957 2920 A 15 1247 986 825 1794 1410 1158 2440 1910 1510 3184 2484 1910 4026 3133 2360 4971 3862 2790 6016 4670 3400 N F 20 1405 1116 916 2006 1588 1290 2722 2147 1690 3561 2798 2140 4548 3552 2640 5573 4352 3120 6749 5261 3800 P 30 1658 1327 1025 2373 1892 1525 3220 2558 1990 4197 3326 2520 5303 4193 3110 6539 5157 3680 7940 6247 4480 A N 50 2024 1640 1280 2911 2347 1863 3964 3183 2430 5184 4149 3075 6567 5240 3800 8116 6458 45M 9837 7813 5475 F P 100 2569 2131 1670 3732 3076 2450 5125 4202 3200 6749 5509 4050 8597 6986 5000 10681 8648 5920 13004 10499 7200 A 254 SIZING OF CATEGORY I VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C N Table 8-7 F Capacity of Type B Double-Wall Vent with Single-Wall Connectors Serving Two or More Category 1 Appliances p P Y YP 9 9 9 rY PP A N F Vent Connector Capacity P A Single-Wall Metal Vent Connector Diameter—D N F 3" 4" 5" 6" T' 8" 9" 10" P Vent Connector A Height Rise Appliance Input Rating Limits in Thousands of Btu per Hour N F H R FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT P A (tt) (ft) Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max MaxMin Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max N 6 1 NA NA 26 NA NA 46 NA NA 71 NA NA 102 207 223 140 262 293 183 325 373 234 447 463 286 F P 2 NA NA 31 NA NA 55 NA NA 85 168 182 123 215 251 167 271 331 219 334 422 281 458 524 344 A 3 NA NA 34 NA NA 62 121 131 95 175 198 138 222 273 188 279 361 247 344 462 316 468 574 385 N F 8 1 NA NA 27 NA NA 48 NA NA 75 NA NA 106 226 240 145 285 316 191 352 403 244 481 502 299 P A 2 NA NA 32 NA NA 57 125 126 89 184 193 127 234 266 173 293 353 228 360 450 292 492 560 355 N 3 NA NA 35 NA NA 64 130 138 100 191 208 144 241 287 197 302 381 256 370 489 328 501 609 400 F P 10 1 NA NA 28 NA NA 50 119 121 77 182 186 110 240 253 150 302 335 196 372 429 252 506 534 308 A N 2 NA NA 33 84 85 59 124 134 91 189 203 132 248 278 183 311 369 235 381 473 302 517 589 368 F 3 NA NA 36 89 91 67 129 144 102 197 217 148 257 299 203 320 398 265 391 511 339 528 637 413 P A 15 1 NA NA 29 79 87 52 116 138 81 177 214 116 238 291 158 312 380 208 397 482 266 556 596 324 N 2 NA NA 34 83 94 62 121 150 97 185 230 138 246 314 189 321 411 248 407 522 317 568 646 387 F P 3 NA NA 39 87 100 70 127 160 109 193 243 157 255 333 215 331 438 281 418 557 360 579 690 437 A N 20 1 49 56 30 78 97 54 115 152 84 175 238 120 233 325 165 306 425 217 390 538 276 546 664 336 F 2 52 59 36 82 103 64 120 163 101 182 252 144 243 346 197 317 453 259 400 574 331 558 709 403 P A 3 55 62 40 87 107 72 125 172 113 190 264 164 252 363 223 326 476 294 412 607 3751 570 750 457 N 30 1 47 60 31 77 110 57 112 175 89 169 278 129 226 380 175 296 497 230 378 630 294 528 779 358 F P 2 51 62 37 81 115 67 117 185 106 177 290 152 236 397 208 307 521 274 389 662 349 541 819 425 A N 3 54 64 42 85 119 76 122 193 120 185 300 172 244 412 235 316 542 309 400 690 $94 555 855 482 F 50 1 46 69 34 75 128 60 109 207 96 162 336 137 217 460 t88 284 604 245 364 768 314 507 951 384 P A 2 49 71 40 79 132 72 114 215 113 170 345 164 226 473 223 294 623 293 376 793 375 520 983 458 N 3 52 72 45 83 136 82 119 221 123 178 353 186 235 486 252 304 640 331 387 816 423 535 1013 518 F P 100 1 45 79 34 71 150 61 104 249 98 153 424 140 205 585 192 269 774 249 345 993 321 476 1236 393 A N 2 48 80 41 75 153 73 110 255 115 160 428 167 212 593 228 279 788 299 358 1011 383 490 1259 469 F 3 51 81 46 79 157 85 114 260 129 168 433 190 222 603 256 289 801 339 368 1027 431 506 1280 627 P A N F P A N Common Vent Capacity F P A Type B Double-Wall Vent Diameter—D N F 4" T. 6" 7" 8" 91, to-- P Vent A Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour N Height Combined F H FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT P A (ft) +FAN +NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT+NAT +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT +NAT N 6 NA 78 64 NA 113 99 200 158 144 304 244 196 398 310 257 541 429 332 665 515 407 F P 8 NA 87 71 NA 126 111 218 173 159 331 269 218 436 342 286 592 473 373 730 569 460 A 10 NA 94 76 163 137 120 237 189 174 357 292 236 467 369 309 638 512 398 787 617 487 N F 15 121 108 88 189 159 140 275 221 200 416 343 274 544 434 357 738 599 456 905 718 553 P A 20 131 118 98 208 177 156 305 247 223 463 383 302 606 487 395 824 673 512 1013 808 626 N 30 145 132 113 236 202 180 350 286 257 533 446 349 703 570 459 958 790 593 1183 952 723 F P 50 159 145 128 268 233 206 406 337 296 622 529 410 833 686 535 1139 954 689 1418 1157 838 A N 100 1 166 153 NA 297 263 NA 469 398 NA 726 633 464 999 846 6015 1378 1185 780 1741 1459 948 F 255 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE N Table 8-8 PCapacity of Masonry Chimney with Type B Double-Wall Connectors Serving Two or More Category I Appliances A N F Vent Connector Capacity P A N Type B Double-Wall Vent Connector Diameter—D F 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 10" P Vent Connector A Height Rise Appliance Input Rating Limits in Thousands of Btu per Hour N F H R FAN NATI FAN NA1 FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT P (ft) (ft) Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min-Max Max Min Max MaxMin Max MaxMin Max Max A N 6 1 24 33 21 39 62 40 52 106 67 65 194 101 87 274 141 104 370 201 124 479 253 145 599 319 F P 2 26 43 28 41 79 52 53 133 85 67 230 124 89 324 173 107 436 232 127 562 300 148 694 378 A N 3 27 49 34 42 92 61 55 155 97 69 262 143 91 369 203 109 491 270 129 633 349 151 795 439 F 8 1 24 39 22 39 72 41 55 117 69 71 213 105 94 304 148 113 414 210 134 539 267 156 682 335 P A 2 26 47 29 40 87 53 57 140 86 73 246 127 97 350 179 116 473 240 137 615 311 160 776 394 N 3 27 52 34 42 97 62 59 159 98 75 269 145 99 383 206 119 517 276 139 672 358 163 848 452 F P 10 1 24 42 22 38 80 42 55 130 71 74 232 108 101 324 153 120 444 216 142 582 277 165 739 348 A N 2 26 50 29 40 93 54 57 153 87 76 261 129 103 366 184 123 498 247 145 652 321 168 825 407 F 3 27 55 35 41 105 63 58 170 100 78 284 148 106 397 209 126 540 281 147 705 366 171 893 463 P A 15 1 24 48 23 38 93 44 54 154 74 72 277 114 100 384 164 125 511 229 153 658 297 184 824 375 N 2 25 55 31 39 105 55 56 174 89 74 299 134 103 419 192 128 558 2W 156 718 339 187 900 432 F P 3 26 59 35 41 115 64 57 189 102 76 319 153 105 448 2151 131 597 292 159 760 382 190 960 486 A N 20 1 24 52 24 37 102 46 53 172 77 71 313 119 98 437 173 123 584 239 150 752 312 180 943 397 F 2 25 58 31 39 114 56 55 190 91 73 335 138 101 467 199 126 625 270 153 805 354 184 1011 452 P A 3 26 63 35 40 123 65 57 204 104 75 353 157 104 493 222 129 661 301 156 851 396 187 1067 505 N 30 1 24 54 25 37 111 48 52 192 82 69 357 127 96 504 187 119 680 255 145 883 337 175 1115 432 F P 2 25 60 32 38 122 58 54 208 95 72 376 145 99 531 209 122 715 287 149 928 378 179 1171 484 A N 3 26 64 36 40 131 66 56 221 107 74 392 163 101 554 233 125 746 317 152 968 418 182 1220 535 F 50 1 23 51 25 36 116 51 51 209 89 67 405 143 92 582 213 115 798 294 140 1049 392 168 1334 506 P A 2 24 59 32 37 127 61 53 225 102 70 421 161 95 604 235 118 827 326 143 1085 433 172 1379 568 N 3 26 64 36 39 135 69 55 237 115 72 435 180 98 624 260 121 854 357 147 1118 474 176 1421 611 F P 100 1 23 46 24 35 108 50 49 208 92 65 428 155 88 640 237 109 907 334 134 1222 454 161 1589 596 A N 2 24 53 31 37 120 60 51 224 105 67 444 174 92 660 260 113 933 368 138 1253 497 165 1626 651 F 3 25 59 36 38 130 68 53 237 118 69 458 193 94 679 285 116 956 399 141 1282 540 169 1661 705 P A N F P A Common Vent Capacity N PMinimum Internal Area of Masonry Chimney Flue(Square Inches) A 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 1 113 N Vent F Height Combined Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour P A H FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT N F (ft) FAN+NAT+NAT +FAN+NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN+NAT+NA +FAN+NAT +NAT +FAN +FAN +NAT P 6 NA 74 25 NA 119 46 NA 178 71 NA 257 103 NA 351 143 NA 458 188 NA 582 246 1041 853 NA A N 8 NA 80 28 NA 130 53 NA 193 82 NA 279 119 NA 384 163 NA 501 218 724 636 278 1144 937 408 F P 10 NA 84 31 NA 138 56 NA 207 90 NA 299 131 NA 409 177 606 538 236 776 686 302 1226 1010 464 A 15 NA NA 36 NA 152 67 NA 233 106 NA 334 152 523 467 212 682 611 283 874 781 365 1374 1156 546 N F 20 NA NA 41 NA NA 75 NA 250 122 NA 368 172 565 508 243 742 668 325 955 858 419 1513 1286 648 P 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 270 137 NA 404 198 615 564 27al 816 747 361 1062 969 496 1702 1473 749 A N 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 620 32$ 879 831 461 11651089 606 1905 1692 922 F P 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 348 NA NA 499 NA NA 669 2053 1921 1058 A 256 SIZING OF CATEGORY I VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C N Table 8-9 pCapacity of Masonry Chimney with Single-Wall Connectors Serving Two or More Category I Appliances A N F Vent Connector Capacity P A Single-Wall Metal Vent Connector Diameter—D N F 3" 1 4" 1 5" 6" 1 7" 8" 9" 10° P A Vent Connector Appliance Input Rating Limits in Thousands of Btu per Hour N Height Rise F H R FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NAT FAN NA FAN NAT FAN NAT P A P (ft) Min Max MaxMin Max Max Min Max Max Min Max Max Min Max MAX Min Max MaX Min Max MaxMin Max Max N F 6 1 NA NA 21 NA NA 39 NA NA 66 179 191 100 231 271 140 292 366 200 362 474 252 499 594 316 P A 2 NA NA 28 NA NA 52 NA NA 84 186 227 123 239 321 172 301 432 231 373 557 299 509 696 376 N 3 NA NA 34 NA NA 61 134 153 97 193 258 142 247 365 202 309 491 269 381 634 348 519 793 437 F P 8 1 NA NA 21 NA NA 40 NA NA 68 195 208 103 250 298 146 313 407 207 387 530 263 529 672 331 A 2 NA NA 26 NA NA 52 137 139 85 202 240 125 258 343 177 323 465 238 397 607 309 540 766 391 N F 3 NA NA 34 NA NA 62 143 156 98 210 264 145 266 376 205 332 509 274 407 663 356 551 838 450 P A 10 1 NA NA 22 NA NA 41 130 151 70 202 225 106 267 316 151 333 434 213 410 571 273 558 727 343 N 2 NA NA 29 NA NA 53 136 150 86 210 255 128 276 358 181 343 489 244 420 640 317 569 813 403 F P 3 NA NA 34 97 102 62 143 166 99 217 277 147 284 389 207 352 530 279 430 694 3631 580 880 459 A 15 1 NA NA 23 NA NA 43 129 151 73 199 271 112 268 376 161 349 502 225 445 646 291 623 808 366 N F 2 NA NA 30 92 103 54 135 170 88 207 295 132 277 411 189 359 548 256 456 706 334 634 884 424 P A 3 NA NA 34 96 112 63 141 185 101 215 315 151 286 439 213 368 586 289 466 755 378 646 945 479 N 20 1 NA NA 23 87 99 45 128 167 76 197 303 117 265 425 169 345 569 235 439 734 306 614 921 387 F P 2 NA NA 30 91 111 55 134 185 90 205 325 136 274 455 195 355 610 266 450 787 348 627 986 443 A 3 NA NA 35 96 119 64 140 199 103 213 343 154 282 481 219 365 644 298 461 831 391 639 1042 496 N F 30 1 NA NA 24 86 108 47 126 187 80 193 347 124 259 492 183 338 665 250 430 864 330 600 1089 421 P A 2 NA NA 31 91 119 57 132 203 W 201 366 142 269 518 205 348 699 282 442 908 372 613 1145 473 N 3 NA NA 36 95 127 65 138 216 105 209 381 160 277 540 229 358 729 312 452 946 412 626 1193 524 F P 50 1 NA NA 24 85 113 50 124 204 87 188 392 139 252 567 208 328 778 287 417 1022 383 582 1302 492 A 2 NA NA 31 89 123 60 130 218 100 196 408 158 262 588 230 339 806 320 429 1058 425 596 1346 545 N F 3 NA NA 35 94 131 68 136 231 112 205 422 176 271 607 255 349 831 351 440 1090 466 610 1386 597 P A 100 1 NA NA 23 84 104 49 122 200 89 182 410 151 243 617 232 315 875 326 402 1181 444 560 1537 580 N 2 NA NA 30 88 115 69 127 215 102 190 425 169 253 636 254 326 899 361 415 1210 486 575 1570 634 F P 3 NA NA 34 93 124 67 133 228 115 199 438 188 262 654 279 337 921 392 427 1238 529 589 1604 687 A N F P Common Vent Capacity A N F P Minimum Internal Area of Masonry Chimney Flue(Square Inches) A N 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 F Vent P Height Combined Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour A H FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT FAN FAN NAT N F tt +FAN +NAT +NAT+FAN+NAT +NAT +FAN +NAT -*NA +FAN +NAT +NA +FAN +NAT+NA +FAN+NAT+NA +FAN+NAT+NAT +FAN+FAN +NAT P 6 NA NA 25 NA 118 45 NA 176 71 NA 255 102 NA 348 142 NA 455 1871NA 579 246 NA 846 NA A N 8 NA NA 28. NA 128 52 NA 190 81 NA 276 118 NA 380 162 NA 497 217 NA 633 277 1136 928 405 F 10 NA NA 31 NA 136 56 NA 205 89 NA 295 129 NA 405 175 NA 532 234 771 680 300 1216 1000 450 P A 15 NA NA .36 NA NA W NA 230 105 NA 335 150 NA 400 210 677 602 2$0 866 772 360 1359 1139 540 N F 49 20 NA NA NA NA NA 74 NA 247 120 NA 362 170 NA 503 240 765 661 321 947 849 416 15 1264 640 P 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 136 NA 398 195 NA 558 276 808 739 377 1052 957 490 1682 1447 740 A N 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 612 325 NA 821 4561 1152 1076 600 1879 1672 910 F P 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA I NA NA 4941 NA NA 863 20061885 1046 A 257 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE N Table 8-10 FP Capacity of Single-Wall Metal Pipe or Type B Asbestos Cement Venting Serving Two or More Draft Hood-Equipped pped Appliances A N F P Vent Connector Capacity Common Vent Capacity A N F Vent Connector Diameter—D Common Vent Diameter P 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 4" 5" 6" T' 8" 10" 12" A Total Vent Connector Total Vent N Height Rise Maximum Appliance Input Rating in Height Combined Appliance Input Rating in F R H Thousands of Btu per Hour H Thousands of Btu per Hour A (Feet) (Feet) (Feet) N 1 21 40 68 102 146 205 6 48 78 111 155 205 320 NA F P 6-8 2 28 53 86 124 178 235 8 55 89 128 175 234 365 505 A N 3 34 61 98 147 204 275 10 59 95 136 190 250 395 560 F 1 23 44 77 117 179 240 15 71 115 168 228 305 480 690 P A 15 2 30 56 92 134 194 265 20 80 129 186 260 340 550 790 N 3 35 64 102 155 216 298 30 NA 147 215 300 400 650 940 F P 1 25 49 84 129 190 270 50 NA NA NA 360 490 810 1190 A N 30 2 31 58 97 145 211 295 F and up 3 36 68 107 164 232 321 P A See Figure G-6(page 261)and Section C 3.0 N F P A N F P A FTable 8-11 Exterior Masonry Chimney,Single NAT Installations with Type B Double-Wall Vent Connectors P A N Minimum Allowable Input Rating of Space-Heating Appliance Minimum Allowable Input Rating of Space-Heating Appliance F in Thousands of Btu per Hour in Thousands of Btu per Hour P A Vent Internal Area of Chimney(Square Inches) Vent Internal Area of Chimney(Square Inches) N F Height Height P (Feet) 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 (Feet) 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 NLocal 99%Winter Design Temperature 379F or Greater Local 99%Winter Design Temperature 5 to 169F F ro 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 416 P m 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 u 8 NA NA NA NA NA NA 312 423 A 6 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _� 10 NA NA NA NA NA 289 331 430 N o 15 NA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA 393 485 F LL 20 NA NA 123 190 249 184 0 0 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA 450 547 P r_ 30 NA NA NA NA NA 393 334 0 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 682 A co N 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 579 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 972 F P Local 99%Winter Design Temperature.27 to 364F Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:-10 to 44F A 6 0 0 68 116 156 180 212 266 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 484 N ' 8 0 0 82 127 167 187 214 263 0 8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 494 F c 10 0 51 97 141 183 201 225 265 0 10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 513 P 0 15 NA NA NA NA 233 253 274 305 0 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 586 A 20 NA NA NA NA NA 307 330 362 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 650 N c^v F 30 NA NA NA NA NA 419 445 485 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 805 P 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 763 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1003 A N Local 99%Winter Design Temperature: 17 to 269F Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:-119F or Lower P LL 6 NA NA NA NA NA 215 259 349 3 8 NA NA NA NA 197 226 264 352 0 N "' 10 NA NA NA NA 214 245 278 358 J Not recommended for any vent configurations F 15 NA NA NA NA NA 296 331 398 r° P 20 NA NA NA NA NA 352 387 457 A N 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA 507 581 F 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA P A N See Figure G-19(page 261)for a map showing local 99 percent winter design temperatures in the United States. F 258 SIZING OF CATEGORY I VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C N Table 8-12 F Exterior Mason Chimney,NAT+NAT Installations with T B Double-Wall Vent Connectors p Masonry Y� Type A N F P 8-12a.Combined Appliance Maximum Input Rating in A Thousands of Btu per Hour N F P Vent Internal Area of Chimneys(Square Inches) A Height N (Feet) 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 F P 6 25 46 71 103 143 188 246 NA A N 8 28 53 82 119 163 218 278 408 F 10 31 56 90 131 177 236 302 454 P A 15 NA 67 106 152 212 283 365 546 N F 20 NA NA NA NA NA 325 419 648 P 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA 496 749 A N 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 922 F P 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA A N 8-12b Minimum Allowable Input Rating of Space-Heating Appliance in Thousands of Btu per Hour F P Vent Internal Area of Chimney(Square Inches) Vent Internal Area of Chimney(Square Inches) A N Height Height p (Feet) 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 (Feet) 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 A Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:379F or Greater Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:5 to 169F N 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA F °' 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LL 8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA P A 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m 10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 430 N T 15 NA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 485 F ti 20 NA NA NA NA NA 184 0 0 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 547 P 30 NA NA NA NA NA 393 334 0 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 682 A `° 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 579 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N F 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ALocal 99%Winter Design Temperature:27 to 369F Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:OF or Lower N 6 0 0 68 NA NA 180 212 NA d F LL 8 0 0 82 NA NA 187 214 263 0 P 10 0 51 NA NA NA 201 225 265 -2 A 15 NA NA NA NA NA 253 274 305 Not recommended for any vent configurations 0 F 20 NA NA NA NA NA 307 330 362 P a 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA 445 485 A 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 763 N 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA F P Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:17 to 269F A 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N 8 NA NA NA NA NA NA 264 352 F °L P 10 NA NA NA NA NA NA 278 358 N A o 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA 331 398 N n 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA 387 457 F 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 581 P 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 862 A 1001 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N F P See Figure G-19(page 261)for a map showing local 99 percent winter design temperatures in the United States. 259 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE N Table 8-13 pExterior Masonry Chimney,FAN+NAT Installations with Type B Double-Wall Vent Connectors A N 8-13a.Combined Appliance Maximum Input Rating in F Thousands of Btu per Hour P _ NInternal Area of Chimney(Square Inches) F Vent P Height A (Feet) 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 N F 6 74 119 178 257 351 458 582 853 P A 8 80 130 193 279 384 501 636 937 N 10 84 138 207 299 409 538 686 1010 F P 15 NA 152 233 334 467 611 781 1156 A N 20 NA NA 250 368 508 668 858 1286 F 30 NA NA NA 404 564 747 969 1473 P A 50 NA NA NA NA NA 831 1089 1692 N 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1921 F P A N 8-13b.Minimum Allowable Input Rating of Space-Heating Appliance In Thousands of Btu per Hour F P A N Vent Internal Area of Chimney(Square Inches) Vent Internal Area of Chimney(Square Inches) F Height Height P (Feet) 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 (Feet) 12 19 28 38 50 63 78 113 A N Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:374F or Greater Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:5 to 164F F 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 NA 78 121 166 214 252 301 416 P m 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 NA 94 135 182 230 269 312 423 m LL N 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 NA 111 149 198 250 289 331 430 F 15 NA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 NA NA 193 247 305 346 393 485 P 0 20 NA NA 123 190 249 184 0 0 20 NA NA NA 293 360 408 450 547 A r 30 NA NA NA 334 398 393 334 0 30 NA NA NA 377 450 531 580 682 N " 50 NA NA NA NA NA 714 707 579 50 NA NA NA NA NA 797 853 972 F 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1600 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1833 P N Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:27 to 364F Local 99%Winter Design Temperature:-10 to 44F F 6 0 0 68 116 156 180 212 266 6 NA NA 145 196 249 296 349 484 P U_ 8 0 0 82 127 167 187 214 263 a5 8 NA NA 159 213 269 320 371 494 A 3 10 NA NA 175 231 292 339 397 513 N 10 0 51 97 141 183 210 225 265 15 NA NA NA 283 351 404 457 586 F g 15 NA 111 142 183 233 253 274 305 0 20 NA NA NA 333 408 468 528 650 P N 20 NA NA 187 230 284 307 330 362 ILL 30 NA NA NA NA NA 603 667 805 A 30 NA NA NA 330 319 419 445 485 4 N 50 NA NA NA NA NA 672 705 763 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA 955 1003 F 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1554 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA P N Local 99%Winter Design Temperature: 17 to 264E Local 99%Winter Design Temperature.-112F or Lower F 6 0 55 99 141 182 215 259 349 P LL 8 52 74 ill 154 197 226 264 352 8 A ZD 10 NA 90 125 169 214 245 278 358 0 a Not recommended for an vent configurations N o 15 NA NA 167 212 263 296 331 398 o y g F r. 20 NA NA 212 258 316 352 387 457 0 P A 30 NA NA NA 362 429 470 507 581 N 50 NA NA NA NA NA 723 766 862 F 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1669 P A N See Figure G-19(page 261)for a map showing local 99 percent winter design temperatures in the United States. 260 SIZING OF CATEGORY 1 VENTING SYSTEMS Appendix C N -Vent cap F P A N D F P N —Type B double-wall F common vent P A H N F P — — A N F FDConnector P rise"R" A N D F P A ype B double all N gas vent used as F connectors P A N F P A N Table C-6 is used when sizing Type B double-wall gas vent connectors F attached to a Type B double-wall common vent. P Note:Each appliance can be either Category I draft hood-equipped or A fan-assisted types. N F P Figure G-6. Vent System Serving Two or More Appliances with Type B A Double-Wall Vent and Type B Double-Wall Vent Connectors. N F P 5,F -10°F A N F 17°F P A N F / -10"F P 27°F A N 57 F P A N F P A N F P -10°F A 37"F N F P A 17°F N F P 27"F A N F P 370F A N F P A N F P A 99%Winter Design Temperatures for the Contiguous United States N This map is a necessarily generalized guide to temperatures in the contiguous United States.Temperatures shown for areas such as mountainous F regions and large urban centers may not be accurate.The data used to develop this map are from the 1993 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook P (Chapter 24,Table 1:Climate Conditions for the United States). NFor 99%winter design temperatures in Alaska,consult the ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook. F 99%winter design temperatures for Hawaii are greater than 377 P A Figure G-19. A Range of Winter Design Temperatures Were Used in Analyzing Exterior Masonry Chimneys in the United States. 261 Appendix C UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 262 APPENDIX D UNIT CONVERSION TABLES SI SYMBOLS AND PREFIXES BASE UNITS Quantity Unit Symbol Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Electric current Ampere A Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin K Amount of substance Mole mol Luminous intensity Candela cd SI SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS Quantity Unit Symbol Plane angle Radian rad Solid angle Steradian sr SI PREFIXES Multiplication Factor Prefix Symbol 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 101' exa E 1 000 000 000 000 000 = 1015 pets P 1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 tera T 1 000 000 000 = 10' giga G 1 000 000 = 10' mega M 1 000 = 103 kilo k 100 = 102 hecto h 10 = 10' deka da 0.1 = 10" deci d 0.01 = 10" centi c 0.001 = 10-3 milli m 0.000 001 = 10' micro N 0.000 000 001 = 10` nano n 0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 Pico p 0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10" femto f 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10^8 atto a 263 Appendix D UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE SI DERIVED UNIT WITH SPECIAL NAMES Quantity Unit Symbol Formula Frequency (of a periodic phenomenon) hertz Hz I/s Force newton N kg-m/s' Pressure, stress pascal Pa N/m2 Energy, work, quantity of heat joule J N•m Power, radiant flux watt W J/s Quantity of electricity, electric charge coulomb C A•s Electric potential, potential difference, electromotive force volt V W/A Capacitance farad F C/V Electric resistance ohm 92 V/A Conductance siemens S A/V Magnetic flux weber Wb V•s Magnetic flux density tesla T Wb/m2 Inductance henry H Wb/A Luminous flux lumen Im cd•sr Illuminance lux Ix Im/m2 Activity(of radionuclides) becquerel Bq I/s Absorbed dose gray Gy J/kg CONVERSION FACTORS To convert To Multiply by LENGTH 1 mile (U.S. statute) km 1.609 347 1 yd m 0.9144 1 ft m 0.3048 mm 304.8 1 in mm 25.4 AREA 1 mile (U.S. statute) km2 2.58999 1 acre (U.S. survey) ha 0.404 687 m2 4046.87 1 yd2 m2 0.836 127 1 ft2 m2 0.092 903 1 in mm2 645.16 VOLUME, MODULUS OF SECTION 1 acre ft m3 1233.49 1 yd3 m3 0.764 555 100 board ft m3 0.235 974 1 ft, m3 0.028 316 8 L(dm3) 28.3168 1 in3 mm, 16387.1 mL(cm3) 16.3871 1 barrel (42 U.S. gallons) m3 0.158 987 264 Conversion Tables Appendix D CONVERSION FACTORS (Continued) To convert To Multiply by (FLUID)CAPACITY 1 gal (U.S. Liquid)`* L* 3.78541 1 qt(U.S. Liquid) mL 946.353 1 pt(U.S. Liquid) mL 473.177 1 fl oz(U.S.) mL 29.573541 1 gal (U.S. Liquid) m3 0.003 785 **1 gallon(UK)approx. 1.2 gal(U.S.), *1 liter=0.001 cubic meters SECOND MOMENT OF AREA 1 in mm' 416 231 m" 0.416 231 x 10-6 PLANE ANGLE 1° (degree) rad 0.017 453 3 mrad 17.4533 1' (minute) urad 290.888 1" (second) urad 4.84814 VELOCITY, SPEED 1 ft/s m/s 0.3048 1 mile/h km/h 1.609 344 m/s 0.44704 VOLUME RATE OF FLOW 1 ft3/s m3/s 0.028 316 8 1 ft3/min Us 0.471 947 1 gal/min Us 0.063 090 2 1 gal/min m3/min 0.0038 1 gal/h mUs 1.051 50 1 million gal/d Us 43.8126 1 acre ft/s m3/s 1233.49 TEMPERATURE INTERVAL OF °C (°F-32)•(5/9) °K Add 273.15 to°C EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE (t-c=Tk-273.15) t°F 9/5 t°c+32 MASS 1 ton (short***) metric ton 0.907 185 kg 907.185 1 lb kg 0.453 592 1 oz g 28.3495 ***1 long ton(2240 lb) kg 1016.05 MASS PER UNIT AREA 1 I b/ft2 kg/m2 4.88243 1 oz/yd2 g/m2 33.9057 1 oz/ft2 g/m2 305.152 265 Appendix D UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE CONVERSION FACTORS (Continued) To convert To Multiply by DENSITY(MASS PER UNIT VOLUME) 1 I b/ft3 kg/m3 16.0185 1 lb/yd3 kg/m3 0.593 276 1 ton/yd3 t/m3 1.18655 FORCE 1 tonf(ton-force) kN 8.89644 1 kip (1000 Ibf) kN 4.44822 1 Ibf(pound-force) N 4.44822 MOMENT OF FORCE,TORQUE 1 Ibf•ft N•m 1.35582 1 Ibf•in N•m 0.112 985 1 tonf•ft kN•m 2.711 64 1 kip•ft kN•m 1.35582 FORCE PER UNIT LENGTH 1 Ibf/ft N/m 14.5939 1 Ibf/in N/m 175.127 1 tonf/ft kN/m 29.1878 PRESSURE,STRESS,MODULUS OF ELASTICITY(Force per Unit Area)(1 Pa=1 N/m2) 1 tonf/in2 MPa 13.7895 1 tonf/ft2 kPa 95.7605 1 kip/in2 MPa 6.89476 1 Ibf/in2 kPa 6.89476 1 Ibf/ft2 Pa 47.8803 Atmosphere kPa 101.3250 1 inch mercury kPa 3.37685 1 foot(water column @32°F) kPa 2.98898 WORK, ENERGY, HEAT(1 J= 1 N•m= 1 Ws) 1 kWh (550 ft•lbf/s) Mj 3.6 1 Btu (Int.Table) kJ 1.05506 J 1055.06 1 ft•lbf J 1.355 82 COEFFICIENT OF HEAT TRANSFER 1 Btu/(ft2•h•°F) W/(m2•K) 5.67826 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 1 Btu/(ft•h•°F) W/(m•K) 1.73073 ILLUMINANCE 1 lm/ft2(footcandle) Ix(lux) 10.7639 LUMINANCE 1 cd/ft2 cd/m2 10.7639 1 foot lambert cd/m2 3.42626 1 lambert kcd/m2 3.18301 266 Conversion Tables Appendix D Approximate Minimum Thickness(Inch)for Carbon Sheet Steel Corresponding to Manufacturer's Standard Gage and Galvanized Sheet Gage Numbers I inches x 25.4=mm Carbon Sheet Steel Galvanized Sheet Manufacturer's Decimal and Nominal Recommended Minimum Galvanized Decimal and Nominal Recommended Minimum Standard Thickness Equivalent Thickness Equivalent* Sheet Thickness Equivalent Thickness Equivalent* Gage No. (Inch) (Inch) Gage No. (Inch) (Inch) 8 0.1644 0.156 8 0.1681 0.159 9 0.1495 0.142 9 0.1532 0.144 10 0.1345 0.127 10 0.1382 0.129 11 0.1196 0.112 11 0.1233 0.114 12 0.1046 0.097 12 0.1084 0.099 13 0.0897 0.083 13 0.0934 0.084 14 0.0747 0.068 14 0.0785 0.070 15 0.0673 0.062 15 0.0710 0.065 16 0.0598 0.055 16 0.0635 0.058 17 0.0538 0.050 17 0.0575 0.053 18 0.0478 0.044 18 0.0516 0.047 19 0.0418 0.038 19 0.0456 0.041 20 0.0359 0.033 20 0.0396 0.036 21 0.0329 0.030 21 0.0366 0.033 22 0.0299 0.027 22 0.0336 0.030 23 0.0269 0.024 23 0.0306 0.027 24 0.0239 0.021 24 0.0276 0.024 25 0.0209 0.018 25 0.0247 0.021 26 0.0179 0.016 26 0.0217 0.019 27 0.0164 0.014 27 0.0202 0.017 28 0.0149 0.013 28 0.0187 0.016 29 0.0172 0.014 30 1 0.0157 0.013 *The thickness of the sheets set forth in the code correspond to the thickness shown under these columns. They are the approximate minimum thicknesses and are based on the following references: Carbon Sheet Steel-Thickness 0.071 inch and over: ASTM A-568-74,Table 3,Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet(Carbon Steel). Carbon Sheet Steel-Thickness less than 0.071 inch: ASTM A-568-74,Table 23,Thickness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet(Carbon and High Strength Low Alloy). Galvanized Sheet Steel-All thicknesses: ASTM A-525-79,Table 4,Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Dip Galvanized Sheet. Minimum thickness is the difference between the thickness equivalent of each gage and the maximum negative tolerance for the widest rolled width. 267 Appendix D UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE 268 INDEX For index by parts,chapters and sections,see pages vi to viif A Section A-OCCUPANCIES,definition............................................................................................................................217.0 ABSORPTIONUNIT,definition .........................................................................................................................203.0 ABSORPTION UNITS AND ABSORPTION SYSTEMS FOR COOLING AND HEATING......................Chapter 11 Equipmentapproval........................................................................................................................................302.0 General.......................................................................................................................................Chapter 3, 1106.0 Installation ......................................................................................................304.0,308.0,309.0, 1106.0, 1109.0 Labels and instructions.........................................................................................................307.0, 1116.0, 1122.0 Location.............................................................................................................................................308.0, 1107.0 ACCESS Catwalk...........................................................................................................................................................910.6 Readilyaccessible,definition .........................................................................................................................203.0 Roofscuttle.....................................................................................................................................................910.7 Toabsorption unit...................................................................................................................305.0, 1106.3,910.0 Toappliance................................................................................................................................................... 305.0 Toboilers...................................................................................................................................................... 1014.0 Tochimney connector.............................................................................................................................. 815.2.2.8 Tocooling units and equipment......................................................................................................................305.0 To emergency refrigerant control box........................................................................................................... 1109.4 Toevaporative cooling systems.....................................................................................................................405.0 Tofire dampers..............................................................................................................................................606.5 Togrease ducts................................................................................................................................... 508.3, 508.5 Toheating systems.......................................................................................................903.0,908.0,909.0, 910.0 Tomotors and fans.........................................................................................................................................503.0 To roof and exterior wall mounted furnaces...................................................................................................910.8 Tovent connectors.........................................................................................................................................815.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY Approval by Administrative Authority...................................................... 103.0, 105.0, 114.0, 116.0, 117.0,302.0, 801.0,508.9, 1013.0, 1204.0, 1304.0 Boardof Appeals............................................................................................................................................ 110.0 Administrative Authority approves plans........................................................................................................ 114.0 Administrative Authority,definition .................................................................................................................203.0 Connectionapproval.......................................................................................................................... 117.0, 1305.0 Enforcementof code.......................................................................................................................................401.0 Inspectionof equipment, access.....................................................................................................................305.0 Inspections ........................................................................................................................... 116.0, 1207.0, 1304.0 Permits.......................................................................................................................... 112.0, 113.0, 114.0, 115.0 Tests............................................................................................................................................................... 107.0 Violations........................................................................................................................................................ 111.0 AIR Air ducts(see DUCTS and COMBUSTION AIR DUCTS)Air furnace(see WARM-AIR FURNACE) Combustion..............................................................................................................................................Chapter 7 Combustion,definition....................................................................................................................................205.0 For direct-fired makeup air heaters................................................................................................................ 919.4 Fromoutside........................................................................................................................................703.1,707.0 Handlingunit,definition..................................................................................................................................203.0 Makeup.....................................................................................................................................505.3,509.9,706.0 Makeup,definition ..........................................................................................................................................203.0 Openings............................................................................................................................................. 702.0,906.0 Outside,definition...........................................................................................................................................203.0 Return,definition ............................................................................................................................................203.0 Return limitations in dwelling units.................................................................................................................906.8 Supply,definition............................................................................................................................................203.0 Ductsize.........................................................................................................................................................907.0 Velocity................................................................................................................................................ 508.6,605.0 269 Index UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE ALTERNATE MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION Boardof Appeals............................................................................................................................................ 110.0 May be approved by Administrative Authority................................................................................................ 105.0 ANCHORAGE Appliances......................................................................................................................................................304.4 Chimneys............................................................................................................................................. 813.1,814.0 APPEALS,BOARD OF..................................................................................................................................... 110.0 APPENDIX A.............................................................................................. U.M.C. Standards and U.F.C. Standards APPENDIX B........................................................................................................Chapters 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 APPENDIX C .....................................................................................................................Sizing of Venting Systems APPENDIX D......................................................................Conversion tables and table of approximate thicknesses of carbon sheet steel and galvanized sheet steel APPLIANCES Approval .........................................................................................................................................................302.0 Chimneys....................................................................................................................... 205.0,812.0, 813.0,814.0 Clearance, unlisted .................................................................................................................Table 3-1,Table 3-2 Connectors.............................................................303.3,Table 3-4, Table 3-5, 1312.0,Table 13-9,Table 13-10 Connectors,vent and chimney......................................................................................................Table 3-3,815.0 Chimneys connectors, definition.....................................................................................................................203.0 Direct gas-fired makeup air heaters...............................................................................................................919.0 Directvent, definition......................................................................................................................................206.0 Domesticclothes dryers.................................................................................................................................504.3 Drafthoods.....................................................................................................................................................811.0 Floorfurnaces.................................................................................................................................................913.0 Heat-producing appliances, miscellaneous................................................................................. Chapter 9, Part III Incinerators.................................................................................................................................Chapter 9, Part IV Ingarages.......................................................................................................................................................308.0 Multiple-appliance venting system..................................................................................................................809.0 Open-top broiler units.....................................................................................................................................918.0 Outdoor installation of appliances with integral vent......................................................................................806.7 Portable heating appliances,definition...........................................................................................................218.0 Ranges...........................................................................................................................................................917.0 Requiring venting, mechanical draft systems.................................................................................................816.1 Roomheaters.................................................................................................................................................916.0 Unitheaters....................................................................................................................................................915.0 Venteddecorative appliances........................................................................................................................912.0 Ventedwall furnaces......................................................................................................................................914.0 Ventingof fuel-burning.............................................................................................................................Chapter 8 Warm-air furnaces...................................................................................................................................Chapter 9 APPLICATION Forpermit,details required............................................................................................................................. 113.0 APPROVAL Afterinspection.................................................................................................................................. 117.0, 1023.0 Ofabsorption unit................................................................................................................................ 102.0, 105.0 Ofappliances...................................................................................................................................................302.0 Ofnew materials............................................................................................................................................. 105.0 Ofplans for permit.......................................................................................................................................... 113.2 APPROVED, definition.......................................................................................................................................203.0 APPROVEDAGENCY,definition......................................................................................................................203.0 AREA Conditioned space, definition .........................................................................................................................205.0 Ofventing systems.........................................................................................................................................808.0 ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS, definition..................................................................................................................203.0 ATTIC Combustionair from.......................................................................................................................................703.1 Furnaces......................................................................................................................................................... 908.0 AUTOMATIC Boiler,definition............................................................................................................................................ 1004.0 Control devices...............................................................................................................306.0,Table 10-3, 1121.0 Shutoffs, air-supply fan................................................................................................................................. 1009.0 270 Index B B-OCCUPANCIES,definition............................................................................................................................217.0 BOARDOF APPEALS...................................................................................................................................... 110.0 BOILER Definition.................................................................................................................................204.0,214.0, 1004.0 Operating adjustments and instructions....................................................................................................... 1022.0 Steamand hot water................................................................................................................... Chapter 12, Part I BOILERROOM,definition.................................................................................................................................204.0 BREECHING Definition......................................................................................................................................................... 204.0 Construction ...................................................................................................................................................815.2 BRAZED JOINT,definition(see Joint Brazed)...................................................................................................212.0 BRINE Definition.........................................................................................................................................................204.0 Testingof piping........................................................................................................................................... 1123.0 BROILER UNIT Opentop.........................................................................................................................................................918.0 BTU/H,definition................................................................................................................................................204.0 BUILDINGCODE,definition..............................................................................................................................204.0 ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY Approvalby..................................................................................................................................................... 302.0 Authority to disconnect gas piping................................................................................................................ 1307.0 Certificateof inspection................................................................................................................................ 1305.0 Definition.............................................................................................................................................. 203.0, 204.0 Deputies......................................................................................................................................................... 108.2 Establishes requirements for boilers and pressure vessels ......................................................................... 1006.1 Issuespermits................................................................................................................................................ 114.0 May approve alternate construction or materials............................................................................................ 105.0 Maycondemn equipment............................................................................................................................... 108.6 Mayenter premises........................................................................................................................................ 108.3 Mayrequire plans........................................................................................................................................... 113.2 Maystop work................................................................................................................................................ 108.4 Permit to install,alter or repair boiler or pressure vessel ............................................................................. 1005.0 Shall make inspections............................................................................... 116.0, 1025.0, 1026.0, 1207.0, 1304.0 Temporaryuse of gas........................................................................................................................ 117.0, 1308.0 Weldingapproval.......................................................................................................................................... 1006.5 BUILDING PERMITS Application...................................................................................................................................................... 113.1 Fees................................................................................................................................................................ 115.0 Issuance......................................................................................................................................................... 114.0 Plansand specifications................................................................................................................................. 113.2 Validityand length............................................................................................................................... 114.3, 114.4 BURNER,AUTOMATIC BOILER,definition................................................................................................... 1004.0 C CAPACITY OF VENTILATION SYSTEM...............................................................................................508.6,609.0 CEILING Ventilating............................................................................................................................................224.0,607.0 CENTRAL FURNACE Downflowtype,definition................................................................................................................................208.0 Enclosed,definition ........................................................................................................................................208.0 Forced-air type,definition...............................................................................................................................208.0 Generalrequirement.................................................................................................................................Chapter 9 Horizontaltype,definition...............................................................................................................................208.0 Upflowtype,definition....................................................................................................................................208.0 CENTRAL HEATING PLANT,definition ........................................................................................................... 205.0 CERTIFICATE OF INSPECTION Fuel-gas piping............................................................................................................................................. 1305.0 271 Index UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE CHIMNEYS Anchorage........................................................................................................................................... 813.1, 814.1 Boilersconnected......................................................................................................................................... 1018.0 Classificationof..............................................................................................................................................205.0 Design, masonry.............................................................................................................................................813.1 Design, metal.................................................................................................................................................. 814.1 Enclosuresfor metal............................................................................................................................ 814.1, 814.7 Factory-built.....................................................................................................................................................812.1 Masonry.......................................................................................................................................................... 813.0 Metal...............................................................................................................................................................814.0 For building heating and low-heat appliances................................................................................................ 814.2 Forhigh-heat appliances................................................................................................................................ 814.4 Forincinerators............................................................................................................................................... 814.5 Forindustrial appliances.................................................................................................................................814.2 Formedium-heat appliances.......................................................................................................................... 814.3 Sparkarrestors for.......................................................................................................................................... 814.6 Uselimitations................................................................................................................................................814.1 Typesof.......................................................................................................................................................... 812.0 CHIMNEY CONNECTORS Definitions....................................................................................................................................................... 205.0 General........................................................................................................................................................... 814.1 Installation ........................................................................................................................................... 815.2, 815.3 Materials......................................................................................................................................................... 815.2 CLASSIFICATION Ofchimneys.................................................................................................................................................... 205.0 Ofcleanouts ...................................................................................................................................................506.3 OfProduct-conveying ducts ........................................................................................................................... 502.1 Ofrefrigerants............................................................................................................................................... 1103.0 CLEARANCE Forabsorption units...................................................................................................................................... 1106.3 Foraccess to boilers .................................................................................................................................... 1014.0 Forduct systems............................................................................................................................................ 506.7 For direct gas-fired makeup air heaters..........................................................................................................919.7 Forkilns.......................................................................................................................................................... 920.3 Forvents.........................................................................................................................................................805.3 Horizontal built-in top cooking units................................................................................................................ 917.2 Unlistedappliances.................................................................................................................................. Table 3-1 Vertical for domestic ranges...........................................................................................................................917.1 CLOTHES DRYER Commercial .................................................................................................................................................504.3.3 Domestic...................................................................................................................................................... 504.3.2 Ductsmaterial................................................................................................................................................. 504.0 COMBUSTIONAIR..................................................................................................................................... Chapter 7 Boilers............................................................................................................................................................1021.0 Ducts .............................................................................................................................................................. 704.0 For direct-fired makeup air heaters ................................................................................................................ 919.4 Forvented wall furnace..................................................................................................................................914.2 Fromoutdoors................................................................................................................................................ 703.1 Interiorspaces by infiltration........................................................................................................................... 703.4 Locationof openings ...................................................................................................................................... 702.0 Louvers interlocked with fuel valve................................................................................................................. 702.2 Prohibitedsources..........................................................................................................................................703.3 Screens ............................................................................................................................................... 702.3, 704.3 Separationfrom circulating air........................................................................................................................ 906.2 Sizeof openings or ducts.........................................................................................................................Table 7-1 Sourcesof...................................................................................................................................................... 703.0 Specialconditions...........................................................................................................................................706.0 Under-floor supply......... ...__.... ........ ........ ........... ........__.... .... .... .............._...__................ ........... 703.2 COOLING......................................................................................................................................Chapters 4 and 11 Access to equipment .................................................................................................................. 405.0, Chapter 11 Evaporative.................................................................................................................................. Chapter 4, Part I I Installation............................................................................................................................ Chapter 4, Chapter 11 Portable, definition.......................................................................................................................................... 218.0 272 Index System,definition...........................................................................................................................................205.0 Towers ....................................................................................................................................... Chapter 11, Part II Unit, definition.................................................................................................................................................205.0 COMMERCIAL FOOD HEAT-PROCESSING EQUIPMENT,definition.......................................................... 1001.0 COMPRESSOR Positivedisplacement, definition..................................................................................................................... 205.0 Pressure-relief valves................................................................................................................................... 1114.0 CONDENSATECONTROL............................................................................................................................... 310.0 CONDENSATEWASTE.................................................................................................................................... 310.0 CONDENSER,definition....................................................................................................................................205.0 CONDENSINGUNIT,definition......................................................................................................................... 205.0 CONDITIONED SPACE,definition....................................................................................................................205.0 CONNECTIONS Brassand copper piping............................................................................................................................... 1201.0 Fuel................................................................................................................................................................. 303.0 CONNECTORS Appliance, gas........................................................303.3,Table 3-4,Table 3-5, 1312.0,Table 13-9,Table 13-10 Chimney......................................................................................................................................................... 815.2 Clearance from combustible material....................................................................................... 805.3, 815.2, 815.3 Draftregulator................................................................................................................................................. 815.2 Ducts ...................................................................................................................................................504.0, 506.3 Installation ...........................................................................................................................................815.2,815.3 Mobilehome,gas......................................................................................................................................... 1021.8 TypeL material......................................................................................................................... 802.2,815.1,815.2 Ventconnectors................................................................................................................................... 224.0, 815.3 CONTAINER (see REFRIGERANT) CONTINUOUS PILOT,definition..................................................................................................................... 1004.0 CONTROL DEVICES Automatic........................................................................................................................................................ 306.0 Emergency refrigerant control box............................................................................................................... 1109.4 Plans required for direct gas-fired makeup air heaters........................................................................ 112.0, 113.0 Smokedetectors.............................................................................................................................................609.0 CORRIDORSUSED AS DUCTS.......................................................................................................................602.1 D DAMPERS Automatic vent, electrically operated................................................................................................... 803.0, 815.1 Firedampers.................................................................................................................................................. 606.0 Fire,smoke and volume dampers,definition.................................................................................................. 206.0 Incirculating-air-supply inlet...........................................................................................................................906.5 Location in combustion-air openings and ducts.................................................................................. 702.2,704.2 Manually operated prohibited.............................................................................................................. 803.2,815.1 Prohibitedlocations............................................................................................................................. 817.2, 906.5 Smokedampers, definition.............................................................................................................................206.0 Stack in steam and hot-water boiler installations ................................................................................ 803.2,815.1 DECORATIVE Appliances,vented......................................................................................................................................... 912.0 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................Chapter 2,507.0, 1004.0, 1302.0, 1402.0 DESIGN Area of combustion air systems.....................................................................................................................707.0 Ofmasonry chimneys.....................................................................................................................................813.1 Ofmetal chimneys..........................................................................................................................................814.1 Ofproduct-conveying ducts............................................................................................................................ 505.0 Ofventing systems......................................................................................................................................... 801.0 DEVICE Automaticcontrol...............................................................................................................................306.0, 1121.0 Automaticvent damper........................................................................................................................ 803.0, 815.1 Lowwater cutoff............................................................................................................................................ 1011.0 273 Index UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Pressurelimiting........................................................................................................................................... 1113.0 Pressure-relief,compressors........................................................................................................................ 1114.0 Pressure-relief, requirements....................................................................................................................... 1114.0 Refrigerantcontrol........................................................................................................................................ 1112.0 Safetyvalves................................................................................................................................................ 1012.0 Ventdamper................................................................................................................................................... 803.2 DIRECT Gas-fired industrial air heaters .......................................................................................................................919.0 Gas-fired makeup air heaters......................................................................................................................... 919.0 Refrigerating system,definition......................................................................................................................220.0 Ventappliance, definition ...............................................................................................................................206.0 DISTRICT HEATING PLANT, definition............................................................................................................206.0 DRAFT HOODS Definition.........................................................................................................................................................206.0 Installation ......................................................................................................................................................811.0 DRAINAGE Boilerrooms ................................................................................................................................................. 1019.0 DRYER Clothes, exhaust duct for................................................................................................................................504.3 DUCT FURNACE,definition..............................................................................................................................206.0 DUCT.......................................................................................................................................................... Chapter 6 Automaticfan,shutdown of............................................................................................................................ 609.0 Capacityof......................................................................................................................................................505.0 Definition......................................................................................................................................................... 206.0 Duct system openings................................................................................................... 506.3,508.3,508.4,606.0 Enclosure........................................................................................................................................................ 508.4 Factory-made, installation ..............................................................................................................................604.2 For blower-type warm-air furnaces...................................................................................................... 906.0,907.0 For domestic clothes dryers and domestic kitchen range ventilators............................................................. 504.0 For dust, stock and refuse conveying...................................................................................................... Chapter 5 Forflammable vapors.............................................................................................................................. Chapter 5 Installation ...................................................................................................................................................... 604.0 Insulation........................................................................................................................................................ 605.0 Material................................................................................................................................................ 506.1,602.0 Metal, installation............................................................................................................................................604.1 Qualityof material........................................................................................................................................... 603.0 Reinforcementof factory-made...................................................................................................................... 603.3 Servingopen-top broiler units......................................................................................................................... 918.0 Size, heating system ........................................................................................................................... 906.0,907.0 Supportof duct system...................................................................................................................................604.0 Tin................................................................................................................................................................... 602.5 Velocity of air in ducts serving Type I hoods..................................................................................................508.6 DUTIES OfBoard of Appeals....................................................................................................................................... 110.0 OfAdministrative Authority............................................................................................................................. 108.0 DWELLING Dwelling..........................................................................................................................................................206.0 Unit,definition.................................................................................................................................................206.0 Circulating air between, prohibited.................................................................................................................906.8 E E-OCCUPANCIES, definition............................................................................................................................217.0 ELECTRIC HEATING APPLIANCE Definition.........................................................................................................................................................207.0 Labeling...............................................................................................................................................307.2,307.3 EQUIPMENT Approvalof.....................................................................................................................................................302.0 Definition.........................................................................................................................................................207.0 Existing........................................................................................................................................................... 104.0 General....................................................................................................................................................Chapter 3 274 Index Ina machinery room..................................................................................................................................... 1109.0 Industrial heating,definition............................................................................................................................211.0 Refrigerating,absorption .................................... .................................................................................. Chapter 11 Refrigerating, mechanical...................................................................................................................... Chapter 11 Requiringaccess,general..............................................................................................................................305.0 Standards................................................................................................................................... Chapter 16, Part II Testingrefrigerating...................................................................................................................................... 1123.0 Ventilating, portable,definition .......................................................................................................................218.0 EVAPORATIVE Cooler,definition.............................................................................................................................................207.0 Cooler, portable,definition..............................................................................................................................218.0 EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM.........................................................................................................Chapter 4 Access............................................................................................................................................................ 405.0 Definition.........................................................................................................................................................207.0 Installation ......................................................................................................................................................406.0 EXHAUSTDUCTS.............................................................................................................................................504.0 EXHAUST OUTLET VENTILATION.......................................................................................................506.9,508.9 EXISTING EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS......................................................................................................... 104.0 EXPIRATION OF PERMIT................................................................................................................................. 114.4 EXTERIOR WALLS Furnaceinstalled on.......................................................................................................................................910.0 F F-OCCUPANCIES,definition................................................................................................................................217 FANS(see MOTORS AND FANS,and FILTERS) FEES Forpermits..................................................................................................................................................... 115.0 Forinvestigations........................................................................................................................................... 115.5 Forreinspection.............................................................................................................................................. 116.6 FILTERS Access............................................................................................................................................................903.0 Grease.................................................................................................................................................507.0,509.5 Inventilation systems.....................................................................................................................................503.0 FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM For grease hoods and ducts...........................................................................................................................510.2 FIREPLACE Effecton gas vents.........................................................................................................................................706.0 FIRE-RESISTIVE Construction,definition...................................................................................................................................208.0 FIREDAMPER,definition..................................................................................................................................206.0 FITTINGS Material for steam and water piping ............................................................................................................. 1027.0 FLOOR FURNACE Accessto........................................................................................................................................................913.2 Installationof..................................................................................................................................................913.3 Locationof......................................................................................................................................................913.1 FLUE As refuse chute serving incinerator................................................................................................................923.0 Linings for metal chimneys.......................................................................................................................Table 8-4 FUEL Appliance connectors......................................................................................................... 1302.0, 1312.0, 1329.0 Connections....................................................................................................................................................303.0 Gas-burning appliances..................................................................................................................................303.3 Pipesize............................................................................................................................................ 303.4, 1317.0 Piping............................................................................................................................................................ 1020.0 Typesof..........................................................................................................................................................303.0 FUEL-GAS PIPING................................................................................................................................... Chapter 13 Applianceconnectors........................................................................................................................ 303.3, 1312.0 275 Index UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Definitions..................................................................................................................................................... 1302.0 General......................................................................................................................................................... 1301.0 In mobile home parks................................................................................................................. Chapter 13, Part II Inspections ........................................................................................................................................ 116.0, 1304.0 Installation .................................................................................................................................................... 1311.0 Interconnectionsof systems......................................................................................................................... 1315.0 Leaks............................................................................................................................................................ 1314.0 Liquefiedpetroleum gas............................................................................................................................... 1313.0 Material......................................................................................................................................................... 1310.0 Medium-pressure systems........................................................................................................................... 1318.0 Meterlocation............................................................................................................................................... 1309.0 Requiredgas supply..................................................................................................................................... 1316.0 Requiredpiping system size......................................................................................................................... 1317.0 Testing.......................................................................................................................................................... 1304.0 Workmanship................................................................................................................................................ 1303.0 FURNACE Attic................................................................................................................................................................. 908.0 Downflow-type,central, definition...................................................................................................................208.0 Enclosed, definition ........................................................................................................................................208.0 Floor, definition............................................................................................................................................... 208.0 Floor, regulated .............................................................................................................................................. 913.0 Forced-air-type, central,definition.................................................................................................................. 208.0 Gravity-type, warm-air,definition.................................................................................................................... 209.0 Horizontal-type, central, definition.................................................................................................................. 208.0 Installed on roof and exterior walls................................................................................................................. 910.0 Under-floor,warm-air...................................................................................................................................... 909.0 Upflow type, central, definition........................................................................................................................208.0 Ventedwall.......................................................................................................................................... 224.0, 914.0 Warm-air,definition ........................................................................................................................................ 225.0 FUSIBLEPLUG, definition ................................................................................................................................ 208.0 G GAGES Steamboilers................................................................................................................................................ 1006.3 GAS Direct-fired industrial air heaters.....................................................................................................................919.0 Direct gas-fired makeup air heaters ............................................................................................................... 919.0 In mobile home parks................................................................................................................. Chapter 13, Part II Interlockcontrol..............................................................................................................................................816.4 Meter, location..............................................................................................................................................2209.0 Pressureregulators........................................................................................................................ 1010.0, 1318.,0 Requiredsupply............................................................................................................................................ 1316.0 Service,authority to render............................................................................................................... 117.0, 1306.0 Types B and BW gas vent, definition..............................................................................................................224.0 Ventconnector, definition...............................................................................................................................224.0 GALVANIZED STEEL,definition.......................................................................................................................209.0 GENERATOR,definition....................................................................................................................................209.0 GRAVITY Heatingsystems...................................................................................................................................... Chapter 9 Heatingsystems, definition............................................................................................................................. 209.0 Ventingsystems,definition............................................................................................................................. 224.0 Warm-air furnaces.......................................................................................................................................... 705.0 GREASE HOODS Definition.........................................................................................................................................................507.0 Requirementsfor............................................................................................................................................509.0 H H-OCCUPANCIES, definition............................................................................................................................ 217.0 HAZARDOUS LOCATION,definition................................................................................................................ 210.0 HEAT-PRODUCING APPLIANCES Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................................. Chapter 9, Part III 276 Index HEATPUMP APPLIANCES.............................................................................................................................. 307.3 HEATERS Directgas-fired makeup air............................................................................................................................919.0 Directindustrial air..........................................................................................................................................919.0 Radiant,definition...........................................................................................................................................220.0 Room..............................................................................................................................................................916.0 Unit.................................................................................................................................................................915.0 Unit,definition....................................................................................................................................... ........223.0 Wallfurnace,definition........................................................................................................................224.0,225.0 Water,definition..............................................................................................................................................225.0 HEATING Appliance, electric, definition..........................................................................................................................207.0 Appliance, portable,definition........................................................................................................................218.0 Equipment................................................................................................................................................Chapter 9 Equipment,definition......................................................................................................................................210.0 Equipment, industrial,definition......................................................................................................................211.0 Plant,central,definition..................................................................................................................................205.0 System..................................................................................................................................................... Chapter 9 System,definition...........................................................................................................................................210.0 System, gravity-type,definition.......................................................................................................................209.0 HEATINGDEGREE DAY.................................................................................................................Table 6-5,210.0 HIGHSIDE,definition ........................................................................................................................................210.0 HOODS Commercialcooking,definition.......................................................................................................................507.0 Forflammable vapors.....................................................................................................................................505.4 General.................................................................................................................................................... Chapter 5 Greasehoods,ducts......................................................................................................................................509.0 Other than commercial kitchen grease hoods................................................................................................505.4 Overopen-top broiler units.............................................................................................................................918.0 Product-conveying systems............................................................................................................................ 505.4 TypeI,definition.............................................................................................................................................507.0 TypeII,definition............................................................................................................................................507.0 Used for venting commercial appliances........................................................................................................817.0 HOT WATER Heaters,domestic....................................................................................................................................Chapter 5 Heatingboiler,definition.................................................................................................................................214.0 Heatingsystems.................................................................................................................................... Chapter 10 Hydronic panel heating systems................................................................................................ Chapter 12, Part II I -OCCUPANCIES,definition................................................................................................................................217 INCINERATORS.........................................................................................................................................Chapter 9 Chimneys........................................................................................................................................................814.5 Commercial and industrial type......................................................................................................................924.0 Othertypes.....................................................................................................................................................925.0 Smalldomestic type.......................................................................................................................................922.0 Sparkarrestors...............................................................................................................................................814.6 Usingflue as refuse chute..............................................................................................................................923.0 INDUSTRIALAIR HEATERS............................................................................................................................919.0 INDUSTRIAL HEATING EQUIPMENT,definition .............................................................................................211.0 INSANITARY LOCATION,definition.................................................................................................................211.0 INSPECTION By administrative authority.......................................................................................116.0, 1023.0, 1025.0, 1406.0 Equipment,accessibility for................................................................... 116.0,305.0,405.0,606.0,814.1, 1023.0 Finalrequired.................................................................................................................................................. 116.1 Reinspections................................................................................................................................................. 116.6 Requestfor..................................................................................................................................................... 116.4 INSTALLATION Of chimney and vent connectors.........................................................................................................815.2, 815.3 Ofcooling equipment..................................................................................................................406.0, Chapter 11 277 Index UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Ofducts.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 604.0 Ofevaporative system....................................................................................................................................406.0 Offurnaces in attics........................................................................................................................................ 908.0 Of furnaces in crawl spaces .............................._....._............................ . ....................... ......... 909.0 .................... Of furnaces on roots and exterior walls.......................................................................................................... 910.0 Of heating equipment.... ............................................................................. ............304.0 ....................................... Ofheating systems..................................._ _.......................... .......... ........ .................................................. 905.0 Of piping and tubing.............. ......................................................................... 1027.0, Chapter 11, 1203.0, 1311.0 INSTRUCTIONS(see LABELS AND INSTRUCTIONS) INSULATION Ofducts............. ............. .........................._.. .......... ................. ............................... ......................... ........ 605.0 Used on steam or hot-water pipes................................................................................................................ 1001.0 INTERLOCK Definition.................................................................... ............... ............................................................. 1004.0 ...... . Forhoods ...................................................................................... ..................................................... 509.9, 817.2 Inmechanical draft systems........................................................................................................................... 816.4 Louversfor combustion air............................................................................................................................. 702.3 Stackdampers.............................................................................................................................................. 1006.4 J JOINTS..................................................................................................... 1201.1, 1205.0, 1311.0 ............................ K KILNS Smallhobby type............................................... ............................................................................................ 920.0 KITCHEN HOODS, DOMESTIC Ductfor........................................................................................................................................................... 504.0 L LABELS AND INSTRUCTIONS Forabsorption units........................................ .................................................................................... 302.0,305.0 Forappliances................................................................................................................................................ 307.0 Forheating appliances................................................................................................................................... 304.0 Forinstallation................................................................................................................................................304.0 Forrefrigerating systems.............................................................................................................................. 1122.0 LEAKS, FUEL GAS.............................................................._......... ............................................................... 1314.0 LENGTH Ofchimney connectors...................................................................................................................................815.2 Ofhorizontal run of vents .................... .... .....................................................................................................805.0 Ofvent connectors ... .............................. ... ............................... .................................................................. 815.3 LINE CONTACT INSTALLATION, definition....... .......... ...... .................... ..............L........................... ......214.0 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS Appliancesburning......................................................................................................................................... 304.0 Automaticsafety pilot .....................................................................................................................................306.0 Definition................................................................. .....__........................ .................................... ..........214.0 LIQUIDRECEIVER, definition......................... ................................................................................................. 220.0 LISTED AND LISTING,definition......................................................................................................................214.0 LOCATION Of absorption refrigeration units................................................................................. .. 1107.1 Ofappliances in garages................................................................................................................................308.0 Of appliances subject to mechanical damage................................................................................................308.0 Ofevaporative cooling systems...................................................................................................................... 404.0 Offloor furnaces............................................................................................................................................ 913.0 Ofheating systems......................................... ............................................................................................... 904.0 Ofrefrigerating equipment..................................................................................................................... Chapter 11 Of unit heaters in Group S Occupancies........................................................................................................915.6 Ofvented freestanding heaters......................................................................................................................916.0 Of vented decorative appliances.................................................................................................................... 911.0 Of venting systems...................................................................................... .............804.0 .................................... 278 Index LOW-PRESSURE HOT-WATER-HEATING BOILER,definition ......................................................................214.0 LOW-PRESSURE STEAM HEATING BOILER,definition................................................................................214.0 LOWSIDE,definition.........................................................................................................................................214.0 M M-OCCUPANCIES,definition...........................................................................................................................217.0 MACHINERY ROOM,REFRIGERATION Constructionof............................................................................................................................................. 1107.0 Emergencyventilation of.............................................................................................................................. 1108.0 Equipmentin................................................................................................................................................. 1109.0 MANUFACTURER'S INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS,definition .................................................................215.0 MANUAL DISCHARGE Ofrefrigerant................................................................................................................................... 1118.0, 1119.0 MASONRY Chimneys............................................................................................................................................. 812.2,813.0 Gas venting into existing masonry chimneys................................................................................................. 813.3 MATERIALS Alternates ....................................................................................................................................................... 105.0 For canopy and non canopy-type hoods........................................................................................................ 509.2 Forchimney connectors.................................................................................................................................813.2 For construction of refrigerating systems............................................................................................... Chapter 11 Forducts........................................................................................................................506.0,508.1, 602.0,603.0 Forpipes.......................................................................................................................................... 1201.0, 1310.0 Forvent connectors........................................................................................................................................815.3 MECHANICAL DRAFT SYSTEMS Exitterminals..................................................................................................................................................816.5 Forcedor induced........................................................................................................................................... 816.1 Interconnectedsystems.................................................................................................................................. 816.3 Interlockcontrols............................................................................................................................................ 816.4 Positivepressure systems..............................................................................................................................816.2 MECHANICAL EXHAUSTING ....................................................................................... 505.0, 508.0,706.0, 1108.0 MECHANICAL JOINTS,definition.....................................................................................................................212.0 METAL Chimneys............................................................................................................................................. 812.3,814.0 Ducts.................................................................................................................. 504.0, 506.1,602.4, 602.5, 604.1 METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION Alternates ............................................................................................................................................ 105.0, 110.0 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Purposeof code............................................................................................................................................. 102.0 MISCELLANEOUS Heat-producing appliances ......................................................................................................... Chapter 9, Part III MOBILE HOME PARKS Fuel-gas equipment and installation.......................................................................................... Chapter 13, Part II MOTORS AND FANS.............................................................................................................................503.0,510.0 N NEW MATERIALS OR METHODS .............................................................................................. 105.0, 107.0, 110.0 NONCOMBUSTIBLE, definition........................................................................................................................ 216.0 NOTICES For inspections by administrative authority.................................................................................................... 116.0 Ofapproval required....................................................................................................................................... 114.0 Ofcondemnation............................................................................................................................................ 108.6 Ofviolations.................................................................................................................................................... 111.0 O OCCUPANCY Groups, definitions..........................................................................................................................................217.0 279 Index UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE OFFSETS Ingravity vents................................................................................... ........................................................... 805.1 OPEN-TOP BROILER UNITS ........................................................................................................................... 918.0 OPENINGS Combustionair, location................................................................................................................................. 702.0 Forcombustion-air..........................................................................................................................................704.0 Unusedin chimneys....................................................................................................................................... 803.3 ORGANIZATION AND ENFORCEMENT................................................................................................... Chapter 1 OUTLETS Exhaust.............................................................................................................................................. 506.9, 508.10 OUTDOOR APPLIANCES WITH INTEGRAL VENTS...................................................................................... 806.7 OVERHEAD RADIANT HEATERS ...................................................................................................................916.4 P PERMIT Application......................................................................................................................................... 113.1, 1403.0 Exemptwork................................................................................................................................................... 113.2 Expiration........................................................................................................................................................ 114.4 Fees................................................................................................................................................................ 115.0 Foralteration ..................................................................................................................................... 112.0, 1005.2 Forgas piping................................................................................................................................................. 112.0 For heating,ventilating,cooling or refrigeration equipment............................................................................ 112.0 Investigationfees............................................................................................................................................ 115.5 Plansrequired .................................................................................................................................... 113.2,1404.0 Revocation or suspension of.......................................................................................................................... 114.5 Temporaryor partial.......................................................................................................................... 114.0, 1308.0 To operate boiler or pressure vessel............................................................................................................ 1024.0 Validity............................................................................................................................................................ 114.3 Whenrequired................................................................................................................................... 112.1, 1005.0 PILOT Definition....................................................................................................................................................... 1004.0 Intermittent,definition................................................................................................................................... 1004.0 Interrupted, definition.................................................................................................................................... 1004.0 PIPING Fuel-gas................................................................................................................................................. Chapter 13 Hydronicpanel............................................................................................................................ Chapter 12 Part II Process................................................................................................................................................. Chapter 14 Requiredgas piping size.............................................................................................................................. 2217.0 Size in mobile home parks.........................................................................................................Chapter 13, Part 11 Steamand water......................................................................................................................... Chapter 12, Part I PITCH Of chimney and vent connectors......................................................................................................... 815.2, 815.3 Ventoffsets..................................................................................................................................................... 805.0 PLANS Approval by adminstrative authority............................................................................................................... 114.0 Workto conform with...................................................................................................................................... 114.0 Informationon................................................................................................................................................. 113.3 Requiredfor permit......................................................................................................................................... 113.2 PLENUM,definition............................................................................................................................................ 218.0 PORTABLE Coolingunit, definition....................................................................................................................................218.0 Evaporativecooler, definition......................................................................................................................... 218.0 Heatingappliance, definition .......................................................................................................................... 218.0 Ventilating equipment, definition..................................................................................................................... 218.0 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR, definition..................................................................................218.0 POWER BOILER PLANT, definition..................................................................................................................218.0 POWER-TYPE VENTING SYSTEM, definition.................................................................................................. 224.0 Mechanicaldraft systems............................................................................................................................... 816.0 280 Index PRESSURE Imposing element, definition............................................................................................................... ...........218.0 p � 9 ' Limitingdevice................. . ...............................................................................................................218.0, 1113.0 Reliefdevice......................................................................................................................................218.0, 1114.0 Reliefrequirements....................................................................................................................................1. 1114.0 Vessel-refrigerant..........................................................................................................................................218.0 Vessel-unfired,definition............................................................................................................................. 1004.0 PROTECTION Movingparts...................................................................................................................................................311.0 PURGE,definition............................................................................................................................................ 1004.0 R R-OCCUPANCIES,definition............................................................................................................................217.0 RADIANT HEATER Definition.........................................................................................................................................................220.0 Overhead........................................................................................................................................................916.4 RANGE HOOD, DOMESTIC Ductsfor.........................................................................................................................................................504.0 RANGES Domestic.........................................................................................................................................................917.0 REFRIGERANT Classificationof............................................................................................................................................ 1103.0 Piping............................................................................................................................................................ 1111.0 Pressurevessel,definition..............................................................................................................................218.8 Receiver,definition.........................................................................................................................................220.0 Storageof..................................................................................................................................................... 1125.0 Typesused................................................................................................................................................... 1102.0 Valves........................................................................................................................................................... 1112.0 REFRIGERATINGEQUIPMENT .............................................................................................................Chapter 11 Locationof....................................................................................................................................... 1105.0, 1106.0 Testingof...................................................................................................................................................... 1123.0 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS Definition.........................................................................................................................................................220.0 REFUSE CHUTE Flues...............................................................................................................................................................923.0 For commercial and industrial incinerators.....................................................................................................924.0 REINFORCEMENT Ofducts....................................................................................................................................................Table 6-1 REPAIR Accessibility of evaporative cooling systems for.............................................................................................405.0 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING,definition ................................................................................................................220.0 RISERHEAT PIPE............................................................................................................................................220.0 ROOF Catwalk...........................................................................................................................................................910.6 Furnaceon .....................................................................................................................................................910.1 Platform..........................................................................................................................................................910.5 Scuttleaccess................................................................................................................................................910.7 ROOM Boiler............................................................................................................................................................ 1015.0 Machinery........................................................................................................................... 1107.0, 1108.0, 1109.0 Surgical operating room air supply................................................................................................................. 907.2 ROOM HEATERS Definition.........................................................................................................................................................220.0 Unvented........................................................................................................................................................916.3 Ventedfreestanding ....................................................................................................................................... 916.1 Ventedoverhead............................................................................................................................................ 916.2 RUPTUREMEMBER,definition ........................................................................................................................220.0 281 Index UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE S S-OCCUPANCIES,definition................................................................................................................................ 217 SAFETY DEVICES..................................................... 311.0, 510.0, 609.0, 1006.0, 1008.0, 1010.0, 1011.0, 1012.0 SEALED COMBUSTION SYSTEM APPLIANCE(see DIRECT VENT APPLIANCE) Definition......................................................................................................................................................... 206.0 SEPARATE SYSTEM (see VENTILATION SYSTEM)......................................................................................505.1 Greaseexhaust ducts...................................................................................................................... ... 508.4, 508.7 SHAFT, definition............................................................................................................................................... 221.0 SHAFT ENCLOSURE, definition....................................................................................................................... 221.0 SMOKEDAMPER,definition.............................................................................................................................206,0 SMOKE DETECTOR Definition.........................................................................................................................................................221.0 Inreturn-air duct............................................................................................................................................. 609.0 SOLDERED JOINT, definition...........................................................................................................................221.0 STANDARDS Forequipment..... ......... ......................... ......................................................................... Chapter 16, Part 11 STEAM AND HOT-WATER BOILERS................................................................................ .................... Chapter 10 Automaticboilers................................................................................................................. ........................ 1013.0 Boilerrooms and enclosures........................................................................................................................ 1015.0 Expansiontanks........................................................................................................................................... 1017.0 Fuelpiping.................................................................................................................................................... 1020.0 Gas-pressure regulators............................................................................................................................... 1010.0 Inspectionand tests......................................................................................................................... 1023.0, 1025.0 Permitrequired................................................................................................................................ 1005.0, 1024.0 Purpose........................................................................................... ........ 1001.0 ...................................... ............... Steamand water piping................................................................................................................................ 1201.0 Valves.............................................................................................................................................. 1008.0, 1009.0 Workmanship................................................................................................................................................ 1003.0 STOPVALVE,definition................................................................................................................... ................ 224.0 STORAGE Ofrefrigerants............................................................................................................................................... 1125.0 SUPPLY Plenum, in ceiling ........................................................................................................................................... 607.0 Plenum, under-floor........................................................................................................................................608.0 SUPPORT Ofventing systems.................................................................................. ...............804.0 T TEMPERATURES On adjacent combustible material,direct gas-fired makeup air heaters.........................................................919.7 TERMINATION OF VENT(see VENT TERMINATION) TESTS Ofboiler installation...................................................................................................................................... 1023.0 Offuel-gas piping ......................................................................................................................................... 1304.0 Of refrigerating equipment.......................................... ................................. .......... 1123.0 Pressure............................................................................................................................. 1201.0, 1207.0, 1304.0 TIN Forducts......................................................................................................................................................... 602.5 TYPESOF CHIMNEYS .....................................................................................................................................812.0 U U-OCCUPANCIES,definition ............................................................................................................................ 217.0 UNDER-FLOOR SPACE Useof............................................................................................................................................................. 608.0 Warm-air furnace............................................................................................................................................ 909.0 UNIT HEATERS Definition...................................................... ..................................................................................................223.0 282 Index Floor-mounted-type........................................................................................................................................915.2 Forgreater clearances................................................................................................................................... 915.4 High-static-pressure-type ............................................................................................................................... 915.5 Installed in Group S Occupancies..................................................................................................................915.6 Listed for reduced clearances........................................................................................................................ 915.3 Suspended-type .............................................................................................................................................. 915.1 USABLE SPACE UNDER FLOORS................................................................................................................. 608.0 V VALIDITY Ofpermits....................................................................................................................................................... 114.3 VALVES Gasmain shutoff.......................................................................................................................................... 1311.0 Gas-piping.................................................................................................................................................... 1311.0 Material......................................................................................................................................................... 1201.0 Mobilehome lot.......................................................................................................................... Chapter 13, Part 11 On refrigerating systems................................................................................................................. 1110.0, 1112.0 Refrigerantcontrol........................................................................................................................................ 1112.0 Reliefand safety........................................................................................................................................... 1008.0 Shutoff.................................................................................................................................. 303.0, 1009.0, 1311.0 VENTED Decorativeappliances.................................................................................................................................... 912.0 Floorfurnaces.................................................................................................................................................913.0 Overheadroom heaters.................................................................................................................................. 916.2 Roomheaters,freestanding........................................................................................................................... 916.1 Unitheaters.................................................................................................................................................... 915.0 Wallfurnace,definition................................................................................................................................... 224.0 Wallfurnace, location.....................................................................................................................................914.1 Wallfurnace, limitations.................................................................................................................................. 914.3 VENTED DECORATIVE APPLIANCES, FLOOR FURNACES,VENTED WALL FURNACES, UNIT HEATERS AND ROOM HEATERS................................................................. Chapter 9 VENTILATING Boiler and furnace rooms................................................................................................. Chapter 7,708.0, 1021.0 Ceilings, use as supply plenum........................................................................................................... 602.0, 607.0 Furnaceenclosures........................................................................................................................................ 910.1 Of refrigeration machinery rooms................................................................................................................. 1108.0 Portable equipment, definition........................................................................................................................ 218.0 VENTILATING SYSTEM Mechanicaldraft.................................................................................................................................. 224.0, 816.5 VENTILATION SYSTEM(EXHAUST)........................................................................................................ Chapter 5 Definition.........................................................................................................................................................224.0 Capacity.......................................................................................................................................................... 502.0 For refrigeration machinery rooms............................................................................................................... 1108.0 Incommercial kitchens............................................................................................................................ Chapter 5 Separate systems for grease ducts................................................................................................................ 508.7 VENTING Collar,definition..............................................................................................................................................224.0 Ofappliances........................................................................................................................................... Chapter 8 Through ventilating hoods and exhaust systems ...........................................................................................817.0 VENTING SYSTEMS Areaof............................................................................................................................................................ 808.0 Definition.........................................................................................................................................................224.0 Existing....................................... .. 810.0 .................................................................................................................. Gravity-type,definition....................................................................................................................................224.0 Length, pitch and clearance ........................................................................................................................... 805.0 Limitations ...................................................................................................................................................... 802.2 Locationand support...................................................................................................................................... 804.0 Mechanicaldraft............................................................................................................................................. 816.0 Multiple-appliance................................................................................................................................ 809.0,815.3 Power-type,definition.....................................................................................................................................224.0 Required.............................................................................................. .. 802.0 ......................................................... 283 Index UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE Termination..:-....' ...... 806.6 Unusedopenings capped...............................................................................................................................803.3 VENTS Boilerconnected to....................................................................................................................................... 1018.0 Connector, rise............................................................................................................................................... 805.3 Connector—gas,definition............................................................................................................................... 224.0 For gas-burning appliances installed in commercial applications...................................................................817.1 Gas, Type BW wall furnace............................................................................................................................ 807.0 Integral for outdoor installation.......................................................................................................................806.7 Termination..................................................................................................................................................... 806.0 Two or more appliances connected................................................................................................................ 815.3 Sizing....................................................................................................................................................Appendix C VIBRATION ISOLATORS Professional design required for equipment in boiler room.......................................................................... 1016.0 W WALL FURNACE Vented,definition...................................................................................................................... 224.0, 225.0,914.0 WALL HEATERS, definition...................................................................................................................224.0, 225.0 WARM-AIR FURNACE Definition.........................................................................................................................................................225.0 Gravity-type.................................................................................................................................................... 705.0 Heatingsystems...................................................................................................................................... Chapter 9 Locatedin under-floor spaces........................................................................................................................ 909.0 WATERHEATER, definition..............................................................................................................................225.0 WELDED JOINT OR SEAM, definition...................................................................................................212.0,221.0 WELDED PRESSURE VESSELS................................................................................................................... 1006.5 WORKINGSPACE...................................................................................................................... 305.0,405.0, 904.0 284 NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES