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HomeMy WebLinkAboutApprove update to Master Plan of Recreational Uses for Centr Dept ID CS 16-006 Page 1 of 2 Meeting Date 2/16/2016 r CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH REQUEST FOR CITY COUNCIL ACTION MEETING DATE: 2/16/2016 SUBMITTED TO: Honorable Mayor and City Council Members SUBMITTED BY: Fred A Wilson, City Manager PREPARED BY: Janeen Laudenback, Director of Community Services SUBJECT: Approve update to Master Plan of Recreational Uses for Central Park to identify 7 5 acres as a Raptor Foraging Habitat Area as a mitigation measure for the Senior Center in Central Park and potential permanent development of the temporary parking lot adjacent to Shipley Nature Center Statement of Issue There is a need for City Council to approve an update to the Central Park Master Plan of Recreational Uses to designate 7 5 acres on the west side of Central Park as raptor foraging habitat The foraging habitat area is required as a mitigation measure for the Senior Center and potential permanent development of the temporary parking lot adjacent to Shipley Nature Center Financial Impact Funding in the amount of$28,500 is available in HUD EDI Grant Number 09-SP-CA-0130, account 99445102 69365 Recommended Action Approve an update to the Master Plan of Recreational Uses for Central Park to identify 7 5 acres, south of the Dog Park and west of the Equestrian Center, as a raptor foraging habitat area Alternative Action(s) Do not recommend approval of the use of 7 5 acres that is south of the Dog Park and west of the Equestrian Center for a raptor foraging habitat area and direct staff on how to proceed Analysis In 1999, City Council approved Environmental Impact Report #99-1 for the Master Plan of Recreational Uses for Central Park In the report, an undeveloped portion of the park adjacent to the intersection of Goldenwest Street and Talbert Avenue was deemed subject to mitigation for the potential loss of raptor foraging habitat Measure Biological Resources #4 (MBR #4) requires that any impact to raptor foraging habitat areas be mitigated on a 1 1 ratio, either through dedication, conservation, and/or enhancing areas of raptor foraging habitat area Since the new Senior Center- is being constructed within this section of Central Park, the language in MBR #4 was repeated and included in the Subsequent Environmental Impact Report (SEIR#07-002) as Mitigation Measure 4 3-2 (Attachment 1) The Senior Center project will utilize 5 0 acres — which includes the building, surrounding grounds and parking lot An additional 1 5 acres will be used for the driveway access within the park Therefore, a total of 6 5 acres of raptor foraging habitat must be established either through dedication as open space, conservation or enhancement Also as indicated in MM 4 3-2, foraging Item 7. - 1 HB -48- Dept ID CS 16-006 Page 2 of 2 Meeting Date 2/16/2016 areas must be reviewed and approved by a qualified biologist Staff has consulted with the firm of BonTerra/PSOMAS to review appropriate sites for raptor foraging and to develop a mitigation plan (Attachment 2) Biologist with the firm Identified an open space area of Central Park, south of the Dog Park and to the west of the Equestrian Center as the most suitable area for the mitigation site (Attachment 3) This area was selected due to Its proximity to locations in the park that are known to be used by raptors The area's existing characteristics include low-lying vegetation, perching opportunities such as trees, street lights, and sign posts, and an abundance of small burrowing mammals and other small prey species As conditioned in MM 4 3-2, the foraging area must be monitored by a certified biologist to verify the effectiveness for a two-year period From a use perspective, staff supports the location since it will not impact other park uses or established multi- use trails as indentified in the Central Park Master Plan As previously mentioned, the total acreage requiring mitigation for the Senior Center and driveway is 6 5 acres However, staff is recommending that a total of 7 5 acres be identified for raptor foraging habitat The additional acre will serve to mitigate the area currently used as the temporary parking lot adjacent to Shipley Nature Center should the lot be developed as a permanent lot While the parking lot is not tied to the Senior Center project, it is within the area requiring mitigation under EIR#99-1 for impacts to raptor foraging habitat Improvements to the area needed to comply with foraging habitat plan will be minimal, consisting of a post and cable boundary, educational signage, and perch posts Staff is arranging to make the improvements utilizing volunteers through coordination with the Greater Huntington Beach Interfaith Council as part of their annual "Day of Service" on April 23, 2016 On January 13, 2016, the Community Services Commission approved staff's recommendation to identify 7 5 acres as Raptor Foraging Habitat in the Master Plan of Recreational Uses for Central Park and to move their recommendation to Council for approval Council approval is required because the proposed raptor foraging habitat area will be considered an update to the Master Plan of Recreational Uses for Central Park Environmental Status The proposed project has been identified as a condition of approval through the environmental process for the Huntington Central Park Senior Center project and the Master Plan of Recreational Uses for Central Park Strategic Plan Goal Enhance and maintain infrastructure Improve Quality of Life Attachments) 1 Mitigation Measure MM 4 3-2 2 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 3 Location Map 4 Raptor Foraging Habitat Area HB -49- Item 7. - 2 ATBlum TACHIVIEIVT # 1 ,0—It b, .. ® ; ...�IIM- iY+YYM adE g�, �,ya CCS 4 =` co 4-J , co O.,� � Q ,��.�� � , Y j f¢ COR L V/�/ •� y '�--, Q ` -, > CO ccO U U 3 O i OL 4— •— .— 0 , > Oo Cll U Ci3 Q +� +� to +� •�-+ a--+ coC6 Ca cn ,CO �. O �- � > pt6N QOOZ CL a--+ UCllO CO� O � Olaott CO 4-J CO On CD Co Lf co )aO `{— CO > ._ = _ —_ O � O O Co Q cn U 'U ._ c O ., . x �A o CU CO 10�A O " QCL (� -�' •� O {6 �' : ' Co a-'` � • ?� ;4=' - U I c Y 1R + q 3 wad #T C. � +•i X Z cu CaO � � t �� }— L. 4--- - E<7, NOW ; Item 7. - 3 xB -50- k [:' ATTACnMENT #2 RAPTOR HABITAT MITIGATION AND MONITORING PLAN Huntington Beach Senior Center Project and Permanent Central Park Parking Lot Prepared for The City of Huntington Beach Department of Planning 2000 Main Street Huntington Beach, California 92648 Prepared by BonTerra Psomas 3 Hutton Centre Drive, Suite 200 Santa Ana, California 92707 and PBSU 12301 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 430 Los Angeles, California 90025 August 2008 (revised November 2015) xB -51- Item 7. - 4 Introduction.............................................................................................................................I ProjectLocation and Description...........................................................................................I Descriptionof Impacts Addressed..........................................................................................2 Descriptionof the Mitigation Site...........................................................................................2 Calculation of Mitigation Area Size 2 HabitatMitigation Plan..........................................................................................................4 Target Species 1 11 Important Physical Characteristics of the Mitigation Site 19 Goals 19 Best Management Practices 20 Schedule 22 Nest Boxes and Perch Poles 22 Monitoring 26 Success Criteria 28 Amendmentof the Plan.........................................................................................................29 References..............................................................................................................................30 1 Exhibits Exhibit 1 Regional Location 5 Exhibit 2 Mitigation Site 7 Exhibit 2a Proposed Raptor Foraging Area 9 Exhibit 3 Diagram of Raptor Perch Pole 23 Tables Table 1 Important Features of Raptor Habitat and the Values They Present 19 Table 2 Construction and Monitoring Schedule 22 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan i Item 7. - 5 HB -52- -introduction INTRODUCTION BonTerra Psomas and PBS&J have prepared this Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (Plan) to mitigate for the impacts of construction and operation of the Huntington Beach Senior Center (hereinafter referred to as the "Senior Center") and a permanent parking lot for Huntington Central Park (Central Park) users on raptor foraging habitat This Plan describes methods and standards for conservation and enhancement of 7 5 acres of open space dedicated to raptor foraging habitat(mitigation site) This Plan addresses mitigation for both the permanent and temporary impacts of the 6 5 acres Senior Center project (i e, building, outside grounds, the parking lot for the senior center, and the driveway access) and the permanent parking lot for Central Park (1 0 acres) The City of Huntington Beach (City), as lead agency, shall enhance and protect the mitigation site as described in this Plan This Plan specifies habitat enhancement actions and monitoring procedures to evaluate the success of those actions Remedial actions could be necessary if habitat enhancement success is not demonstrated in any part of the mitigation area during a specified amount of time This Plan has been prepared in compliance with Mitigation Measure (MM) 4 3-2 from the Final Subsequent Envzronmentallmpact Report(State Clearzn M g and Repotang ag g Program (MMRP) and in compliance with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA),State and Federal Endangered Species Acts, and other pertinent regulations PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION The Senior Center is located in Huntington Central Park generally between the disc golf course and Shipley Nature Center in the City of Huntington Beach,northwest of the intersection of Goldenwest Street and Ellis Avenue (Exhibits 1 and 2) The proposed project is depicted on the U S Geological Society's (USGS') Seal Beach 7 5-minute topographic quadrangle, within Township 5S, Range 11W, Section 34 Land uses adjacent to the Senior Center consist of open space in Huntington Central Park and residential development The Senior Center involves the construction and operation of a new one-story senior center,driveway and parking lot for the senior center on an undeveloped portion of Central Park Access to the Senior Center will be provided from a planned driveway at the intersection of Goldenwest Street and Talbert Avenue The permanent parking lot for Central Park will consist of paving and striping an existing temporary parking area located immediately adjacent to Goldenwest Street (Exhibit 2) The lot is approximately 400 feet from the senior center building and approximately 475 feet from the main entrance of Shipley Nature Center The parking area encompasses 0 5 acre Access to the lot will be from the existing ingress/egress drive, approximately 400 feet north of the intersection at Talbert Avenue and Goldenwest Street A second ingress/egress driveway will be constructed to connect to the access driveway for the Senior Center Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 1 HB -5-3- Item 7. - 6 -Introduction.,,,., DESCRIPTION OF IMPACTS ADDRESSED The construction of the 6 5 acres Senior Center (1 e, building, outside grounds, parking lot for the senior center, and the driveway access) and the 10 acre permanent parking lot will result in the loss of 7 5 acres of raptor foraging habitat To offset these impacts the City has proposed to protect and enhance a 7 5-acre parcel that is adJacent to the Senior Center for raptor foraging and nesting DESCRIPTION OF THE MITIGATION SITE The mitigation site encompasses 7 5-acres of open space in Central Park in the City of Huntington Beach (Exhibit 2) The area is approximately two miles northeast of State Route (SR) 1 (also referred to as the Pacific Coast Highway) and 2'/2 miles southwest of Interstate (1) 405, adJacent to the intersection of Edwards Street and Ellis Avenue The mitigation site(Assessor Parcel Numbers#110-151-12 and 110-151-13)is currently vacant,gently sloped,and comprised of ruderal habitat and areas that completely lack vegetation(Exhibit 2a) Mature trees occur in the Urban Forest located adjacent to the mitigation site to the southeast Bordering the site to the north,west, and east are open areas that are used for passive recreational uses (i e, Central Park Dog Park,Huntington Central Park Equestrian Center) To the northeast of the site is the Senior Center, and to the south is Ellis Avenue (beyond which is residential development) These parcels (Nos 110-151-12 and 110-151-13)are designated in the Huntington Beach Central Park Master Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR) as low-intensity and Midden Area/Urban Forest/Trailhead, and the recreation/open space areas that are adjacent to the site provide mature trees that are known to be used by raptors for perch locations Therefore,the mitigation site's location next to the open areas of the park that are known to be used by raptors is a near ideal location to provide enhanced foraging and perching locations for raptors in an urban area The mitigation site includes the following characteristics, typical of raptor foraging habitat ■ Low-lying vegetation ■ Perching opportunities (trees, street lights, signage, etc) ■ An abundance of small burrowing mammals and other small prey species Calculation of Mitigation Area Size As required by MM 4 3-2 of the Huntington Beach Senior Center's MMRP The City shall mitigate for impacts to raptor foraging habitat through dedication as open space, conservation and/or enhancing areas of raptor foraging habitat at a ratio of 1 1 for acres of impact on raptor foraging habitat to provide suitable habitat values and functions for raptors Mitigation for impacts on raptor foraging habitat will be accomplished within suitable areas that are City- owned and preferably nearby, such as the areas in association with the Sully Miller Lake Group Facility, Low Intensity 2 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 7 HB -54- �JntrodUdio Recreation Area, Senn-Active Recreation Area, and/or Midden Area/Urban Forest/Trailhead Enhancement would include, but not be limited to, the planting of native trees within and adjacent to conserved areas of raptor foraging habitat Prior to ground disturbance, the City shall identify the particular site or area to be enhanced and formulate a plan to accomplish the raptor foraging habitat enhancement activities This plan shall be reviewed for approval by a qualified Biologist Therefore, assuming that the final footprint and construction disturbance area of the Senior Center and permanent parking lot will remain at 7 5 acres, 7 5-acres of raptor foraging habitat will be permanently removed as a result of the development of the Senior Center Consequently, to ensure that mitigation measures from the Central Park Master Plan EIR are carried over, the City shall implement MM 4 3-2 to conserve and/or enhance a total of 7 5 acres (1 1 ratio) of raptor foraging habitat Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 3 xB -55- Item 7. - 8 e a • t 4 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 9 HB -56- Santa Clarita - i San G3k nNe Glendale. '�.. i Rancho .». �1;4� Cucamonga - 2 Pasadena 0: Rialto 2 West Hollywood Santa Monica .West Covina Ontario - Los Angeles 387 - _ Riverside Whittier -, 14Z 0 77. Downey ___.._.. __._.____..:_.....w. ,71 Hawthorne -57 90 Yorba Linda Corona 107 Lakewood Anaheim ke 213 1y Buena Park Carson .,.�. .. .. 241,, 39 Palos Verdes Long Beach .... . . ., ' _ Westminster - �f✓-. Project Location Santa Ana =61� .Huntington Costa Mesa Beach a Irvine Rancho Santa Margarita ,_ l..1. �,,. Mission Viejo ',74 1. Laguna Beach San Juan - - Capistrano San Clemente n c a n , Regional Location Exhibit 1 Huntington Beach Senior Center Project Miles (R r_v 6 25-2015.IA,"_i a�Giojecn',2HUN',01:701:Gizpliics\Rape item 7• - 10 j _1^ Item 6 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 11 �« _= - Approximate Project Boundary Potential Foraging Area $ 711: M J , oil Huntington Beach tq ��` `Central Park � � ., �U... 5411 lilt �d Proposed Permanent j Parking Lot for Central Park d s,' " " : Senior Center and Driveway lip 4,-3 w � 3 w c llog Nark Equestrian �� Ccntct� x 4. R" J Forest 4 IT �_ tl x ;• ^^ „,,� `� ;� a "$;sue.. .. -max' r+xac^ Aerial Source.Aerials Express 2009 Mitigation Site Exhibit 2 Huntington Beach Senior Center Project N /j w r 650 325 0 650 Feet y l�_ (Rev 11 232015!FS)R'�Pr,„ects`,2HUN 012301'.Giayhic�':P PtorM tern 7. 1 I f 13 cl, L 8 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 13 1113 .00- Potential Foraging Area Yd F �. 3a a n p '. 1 V�g , R'q!' NU q: "LU *I`.: a d g• o ` w x 2 , s y x Aena e.ials Express 20'-)9 Proposed Raptor Foraging Area Exhibit 2a Huntington Beach Senior Center Project E 120 60 0 120 p e n re e c Feet 1 23 20'i 5,IAZ)R-\Pi oar-ct,12HVN101230i Gra}�hi��lRapinrMitig aeon Pla�i\ex2a "'Item 7. 14 T.T.F. 10 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 15 f • HABITAT MITIGATION PLAN Target Species According to the Central Park :Master Plan FIR and recent field sun-evs conducted in 2015, red-tailed hau-k (I3r�/eo jarjrai�ensi.�), red-shouldered hawk (I ulco lima/t��), American kestrel (1'all'o >��rs�x�e�r�r.r) and northern harrier (Cinxr.r iancll.$) have all been obsen-ed xvithin/adjacent to the Senior Center. During the pre-construction burro«-ing o«-1 (Athem° crrnarrrlanaz) and nesting bird raptor sun,cys that were conducted on I ebruan- 5, 2015, in compliance with \'1-'\Is 4.3-1(a) and NIM 4.3-1(b) from the Final Subsequent Environmental Impact Report Mitigation i\lonitoring and Report Program, a red-tailed hawk and a red-shouldered hawk were observed foraging at the Senior Center project site. In addition, on June 1, 2015, a female northern harrier vvas obsen-ed during a held sun c�. '. biolo�,)ical description of each of these target species is prov ided below. :'H four of these raptor species are legally_-protected in Canada, Mexico, and the l.-nited States bv the 'Migratory Bird Treaty :act (_MBTA). Red-Tailed Hawk Distribution Red-tailed hawks occur throughout North America from the_arctic tree line to Panama (Preston and Beane 1993). Thev breed throughout California and -, inter in all areas\v ithout heavN snow corer. This is a common year-round breeding resident in Grange Count-. Migrant red-tailed hawks from outside the region increase resident numbers from September through :March (I1amiltoll and Willick 1996). I 4 r 6 I j f I Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 11 11B Item 7. - 16 e � e • e Population Status Common nearly evel-NXa-here in its large range, the red-tailed hawk is not a species at risk. Numbers have increased in eastern portions of range due to the change of large tracts of forest to a mosaic of fields and vvoodlots. The population has also increased in the }Mains areas of Forth America in response to increased availability of nesting trees in formerly treeless areas (Preston and Beane 1993). Habitat The red-tailed ha,,vk feeds in grasslands, open brush habitats, and grass/shrub stages of most habitats; and also frequents croplands, fields, and pastures. It roosts in trees, and sometimes in dense conifer stands. It nests in large trees near openings in older, mature forests, especially riparian deciduous habitats, and occasionally nests on cliffs or low ledges. It nests 30 to 70 feet aboveground in trees and even higher on cliffs. Red-tailed hawks are usuaIly flexible in their choice of nest sites, occasionally use human-made structures, shrubs, and cacti; and sometimes nest in isolated trees or in small groves in open habitat. Breeding Red-talled h-,vx ks usually build their large stick nests in trees or more rarer- on cliffs or other man- made structures. Trees selected are generally taller than other nearby trees, often high on a slope with a wide view from the nest. The clutch is usual]- of two or three eggs, which are incubated for 28 to 35 days. Eggs are laid at about two-day intervals; incubation begins after the first cgg is laid, resulting in uneven aged chicks. Chicks leave the nests about six to seven weeks after- hatching, but star in the Vicinith-,remaining dependent on the parents for food for approliniatel three weeks or more (Preston and Beanc 1993). More rears than not since the earl' 1980s, this raptor has nested at Central Park. It faN ors the Nvest side of Central Park for nest sites, as the fields used for foraging are close by either at the f:questrian Center or at Harriett \\'iedcr Regional Park and Bolsa Chica. Food Habits The red-tailed hawk eats small mammals up to hares in size, small birds, reptiles, amphibians, and some carrion. Small mammals often forrii the bull: of their diet, although their diet can vary- Breathy depending on the availabihty of prey. In the winter, it is largcly dependent ulxm mice, but also takes medium to fairy- large birds on the ground (Preston and Beane 1993). Red-tailed hawks do most of their hunting from perches -,with good vic-,vs of prey habitat (Preston and Beane 1993). It searches for prey by soaring, but also perches and pounces or pounces on pretty from low, quartering flights, sometimes hovering on wind or air currents. 12 Rapior Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 17 11 B -64- Compatibility with Human Landscapes Red-tailed havyks are compatible -,irh several different urban environments that support populations of rodents such as roles, gophers, and field mice. Red-tailed hawks can coexist ,-Ith humans in the rural environment if they have open grassy or shrubby areas to hunt in, large trees to nest in, and are not subject to disturbance at the nest Red-tailed ha-,ks are beneficial to landowners as they reduce small mammal populations. Nesting red-tailed ha«-ks are ven- wary during nest construction, and will often abandon the nest during this period if disturbed. At the local level, red-tailed hawk populations are limited by both nest sites and food supply. The relative importance of each factor may be variable throughout the year. The leading causes of death of this species include collisions with automobiles shooting, trapping, and starvation. Red-Shouldered Hawk a Distribution Red-shouldered ha«-ks breed in eastern North Amcrica and along the coast of California and northern ,\fe-\ico. They are locally uncommon to common rear-long residents along the California coast and in the Central Valley. 'I'hcy are uncommon even in suitable habitat in the western Sierra Nevada foothills, and are fairly common residents in woodlands west of the southern desert region (Garrett and Dunn 1981). Red-shouldered ha-,eks frequent low-elevation riparian woodlands (Le., up to 5,000 feet), especially where they are interspersed «ith s«-amps and emergent wetlands. Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 13 1'13 -0 - Item 7. - 18 Habitat . . Population Status The clearing of forests over the last rwo centuries probably- led to decreases in populations of the red- shouldered hawk, while increasing habitat for the red-tailed hawk. Populations appear stable, but may be declining in some areas (Cornell Lab of Ortutholog� 2008). Habitat Typical habitat for the red-shouldered hawk includes dense riparian areas with adjacent edges,swamps, marshes, and wet meadows for hunting. ThcY primarily use tree foliage in riparian deciduous habitats for corer. They forage mostly- along edges of-,a-et meado«-s, swamps, and emergent -,vetlands. Their diet is highly varied, they eat small mammals, snakes, lizards, amphibians, small or young birds, and large insects. They usually nest in dense riparian habitats, and build a nest of sticks about half«ay up in a tall tree. Nest height averages 50 feet («with a range between 20 feet and 80 feet). '_Nests are typically located nett to the main tree trunk or on old nests of squirrels, hawks, or crows, they are generally lined -,with strips of bark, dry- leaves, and sprigs of evergreens (Call 197f�). Breeding Red-shouldered hawks often reuse nests from past rears. Theis breeding habitats include deciduous and mired wooded areas, often near water. The breeding pair builds a stick nest in a major fork of a large tree. The clutch size is n-picafly three to four eggs, «-hich are incubated for 32 to 40 days. The hatchlings, 35 grams (g, 1.? ounces �oz]) at first, arc brooded for up to 4U dais. "1'he ��oung leave the nest at about G ,i ceks of age, but remain dependent on the parents until the - are 17 to 19 weeks old. One pair of red-shouldered hawks has consistent) resided at Central Park since at least the earl- 195Us. This pair favors the more densely wooded cast side of Central. Park, but it also frequents the Shipley Mature('enter. Nests have usually been constructed in tall eucalyptus trees sp.), but it has also nested in pine trees sp.) at the Mature Center. .mother successful nest X-Vas in a residential palm tree (II ir.r/Molo za sp.) along the Slater Channel on north side of Sli'plcv Nature Center in spring 2011. Food Habits Red-shouldered hawks search for prey from perches on trees, snags, and posts. They pounce from a perch,or glide and search,inainly below tree canopies. Usually,while in forested areas,red-shouldered hawks wait on a perch and swoop do-, n on prey-. When in clearings, thev- sometimes fly- low in order to surprise prey-. Small mammals arc n-pically the most important prey-, with roles, mice, and chipmunks locally favored. Other prey can include amplbians,reptiles (especially small snakes), small birds, and large insects. During xvinter, then sometimes habituate to preNing around bird feeders on more common birds, such as sparrows, doves, and starhngs. 14 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 19 -OE,- Compatibility with Human Landscapes Members of the genus Bzrl,,o exhibit a bread range of adaptabihry to human-altered crivironments in California. The western subspecies of the rccl-shouldered hawk appears to be the most adaptable of the ten North _ rnerican breeding Butcos, xvith some pairs using urban habitats almost exclusively. Red-shouldercd liavvks arc regular components of the urban nesting avifauna in coastal southern California where land managers have presen-ed adequate open space and habitat. Red- shouldered hawks are compatible with several different urban environments that support populations of rodents such as voles, gophers, and field mice. Red-shouldered hawks can coexist with humans in the rural environment if they have grass- or shrubby areas to hunt in, fairy- large trees to nest in, and arc not subiect to disturbance at the nest. At the local level, red-shouldered ha xk populations are limited by both nest sites and food supple. The relative unportance of each factor may be variable throughout the year. Leading causes of death of this species include collisions v ith automobiles, shooting, trapping, and starvation. American Kestrel i r Distribution The :American kestrel is wider- distributed in North and South America. In North :America, they are absent as a breeder on1v from tundra and northwest coastal regions. ;Most kestrels v,-inter well south Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 15 11I3 -(-)?- Item 7. - 20 of Canada, wintering in all habitats except at high cic\rations. The .lmerican kestrel is a common resident throughout California. The American kestrel may still be the most abundant breeding raptor in Orange Count- (Gallagher � 1997; Hamilton and Willick 1996), although there have been fewer birds along the coast since the 1990s, especially- during the breeding season. Migrants from populations north of the region inflate local numbers during the winter. Population Status The American kestrel is not a species at risk. The total population, estimated in 19(82, was about 2.5 million pairs, split about equally bcm-een North and South America (Smallwood and Bird 2002). The population of this species fluctuates rapidly- in response to habitat changes. The population increases when forest is converted to more patch- or open habitats. Subsequent cony ersion of these agricultural and rural areas to residential and industrial developments causes a decrease in the local kestrel population. Habitat American kestrels use a varicn- of open habitats at all times of the rear. In general, prime foraging habitat is in open areas Nvith low open vegetation and suitable hunting perches. Preferred habitat in Californnia occurs in most open habitats, in a variern of shrub and earl- succession forest habitats and III forest openings. Breeding birds are often seen perched on po«-er-lines and fence posts along roads. During migration,American kestrels often f1v over unsuitable foraging habitat, stopping to hunt when good habitat is available. American kestrels seek corer in a variety- of cavities in trees, snags, rocks- areas, banks, and buildings. Thcv nest in cavities in trees, snags, rock crevices, cliffs, banks, and buildings. Bent (1937) reported nests in caVities in svcamores, willows, and cotton\voods. In some area,, good foraging habitat exists, but there is a lack of nesting civities. The placement of nest hoses has allowed kestrels to use these types of areas. Breeding atnerican kestrels nest in rocs:crc�ices,caN-iries fortned by woodpeckers,or some other means. Living or dead trees are one of the most important nesting sites for American kestrels. The usual clutch is four or fire eggs, vchich are laid at tvvo-day- intervals. The incubation period is about 30 days. The �oung leave the nest «-hen they are about one month old and depend on the parents for food for approtiimatel- another t-\,�o �%ecks (Smalh-vood and Bird 2002; Campbell et A 1990). Food Habits American kestrels forage in open and partially- open areas of most habitats where cavities are nearby. Much of the time, American kestrels search for prey by perching on elevated sites such as telephone poles and wires, trees, fence posts, buildings, and communication towers. Where there is no suitable 16 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 21 1-1 B -68- �Habitat M#IgcMon perch, kestrels will hover. Kestrels forage by facing into the «-ind and, with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding, star stationan over the ground«-bile scanning for prcv. Large insects and small rodents are the main prey, but amphibians, reptiles, and birds are also taken. Compatibility with Human Landscapes American kestrels cat manv- small prey- animals that occur in urban and rural areas. Large insects (e.g., dragonflies and grasshoppers) and small rodents (e.g., roles and mice) make up much of their diet. Like most raptors, kestrels %rill take advantage of anv- food soured. Other prey- species in their diet include but are not hnl ted to manN- types of small birds, reptiles, and amphibians. I luman-related tnortalitY is the most common]\- reported cause of death for this species. Collisions«-ith wires,vehicles and N-,-indoN-,-s, electrocution, dro-,ring in tanks and pools, and attacks by domestic pets are commonly reported. Removal of young and eggs bN snakes, crows, and mammals occur;other raptors are known to kill adults. Whilc knox)"n to have been affected by pesticide contamination, American kestrels may be affected more by reduced numbers of insect prey- folloxving pesticide applications. In addition, this small falcon is one of seven avian predator species (not including gulls) that have been subjected to removal from Bolsa Cl>ica as part of the ongoing management actions to protect nesting federal]\- listed 'Threatened N--estern sno-yvy plovers ale.ti-urldnIle'i nil'O.,rrs 1(". ale.vall n'nesl) and federally and State-listed Endangered California]cast terns (Sleniula (Slerila] 011il/arr1M b1-olx"111) (ILiiapp and Peterson 2010).This highlN-local and individual specific predator removal program vcould not be expected to affect regional populations or even local populations, but niay depress numbers at and in the vlcinitV- of Bolsa Chica. Northern Harrier I i V tRV�d�I I YI f i S.. Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 17 11B -00- Item 7. - 22 Distribution The northern harrier is broadly distributed in North America from northern!Alaska and Canada south to central and southern California, Mexico, and portions of southern United States (excluding the southeast region). Bolsa Chica and adjacent upland areas of open fields provide hi h quality habitat for this raptor and small numbers occur ui vyinter,occasionally in summer. %lost Central Park sightings are of birds foraging over the fields near the Fquestrian Center. Population Status The northern harrier is a California Species of Special Concern, nesting individuals are protected. V"hile once a relatively common species during fall, xvinrcr, and spring in undeveloped area, of the County, the northern harrier population is now greatly reduced and locali/ed in distribution. This species is threatened by loss of habitat, pesticides (I;hrlicli ct al. 19,88), and loss of suitable breeding habitat ('Iacwhirter and I3ildstein 1996). Habitat The northern harrier is a regular -,vinter rnigrant in marshes, agricultural fields and abandoned fields throughout Southern California, but is very scarce as a local breeder (Garrett and Dunn 1981). Sonic breeding populations may be resident, though the species appears to be nomadic, both between rears and during the breeding season (Shuford and Gardali 2008). This raptor occurs rear-round foraging over open habitats such as marshes and fields, and it nests on the ground in dense vegetation (Shuford and Gardali 2008). Breeding 'Hale northern harriers perform elaborate flying barrel rolls to court females and may have as mane as fire mates at once. Nesting occurs on the ground and usually in dense vegetarion, as a result, this species is very susceptible to disturbance. In addition, nesting can occur on nest platforms where the male starts building the nest and the female finishes it. The usual clutch is four to five eggs. The incubation period is about ?h to 30 days and begins before the last egg is Laid. The young leave their nest at about 30 to 41 days old and remain near the nest and depend on their parents for another 3 to -1 weeks. Food Habits Northern harriers hunt over open habitats including marshes,grasslands, and fields of ruderal (v"cedy) vegetation, where they tale a variety of small mammal and avian prey. They hunt coursing low over the ground, weaving back and forth over fields and marshes as they watch and rely on their sense of hearing to capture prey. 'Ihey cat on the ground, and they perch on low posts or trees. Northern harriers hunt mostly small mammals and birds, but are capable of taking bi�;er prey such as ducks and rabbits. 18 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 23 1 111 -7 u- f • • i f Compatibility with Human Landscapes I Iabitat loss is the most commonly reported cause of decline for d-us species and includes draintig of vvetlands, dev-clopment of land for agriculture,and reforesting of old farmland. The reduction of small mammals that harriers prey upon due to overgrazing, pesticides, and crop field expansion may reduce the populations of the northern harrier. Because they eat small mammals, northern harriers may be affected be the pesticide buildup as well as the direct effects of eating poisoned animals. Important Physical Characteristics of the Mitigation Site A list of the attributes and/or key components that are essential to maintaining the long-term use and integrity of the mitigation site by the target raptor species are included in Table 1 below. Critical Habitat/Feature to Retain Key Values for Raptors 1. Large,wind firm trees(living and dead)and veteran Nesting and roosting recruit trees,particularly within 500 meters of large water bodies 2. Dead and dying trees suitable for use by woodpeckers Nesting and roosting which create nest cavities for kestrels 3. Stands of coniferous or deciduous tree cover. Nesting, perching(hunting/resting);rearing of young, preferably with an inter-locking canopy roosting 4. Woodlots,shelterbelts,shrubby areas, hedgerows Nesting, perching (hunting/resting), prey habitat 5. Undisturbed grasslands and scrubland Nesting,hunting, prey habitat Goals The Best 'Management Practices (IIN111s) identified in this Plan strive to address the follovv-ing goals principles of raptor conservation in urban areas: 1. Where possible, retain existing, natural habitats suitable for raptors. The best vv-ay to conserve raptors in urban environments facing possible dcv clopments is to ensure that an adequate amount of suitable habitat is left undisturbed. 2. Strive to retain, restore, or enhance key habitat features for raptors, so that no net loss of habitat occurs. Key habitat features consist of nesting, roosting, and other sites that are essential for raptors. State and federal laws provide legal protection of birds under the MBT 1. hey habitat features should be retained, and mitigation is recommended through habitat restoration or enhancement. The best option is ahvays to retain elisting, natural features. Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 19 -7 i- Item 7. - 24 HabRat Wigation 3. Use caution when attempting to restore or enhance raptor habitats. Some methods for habitat enhancement are simple, such as providing artificial nest sites. Others arc more complex and involve restoring kev habitat features required to fulfill various life histon- functions and ecological needs of raptors. Caution must be used to prevent attracting; raptors to othern-ise unsuitable areas where sur ival and productivin- could be reduced. 4. Avoid disturbing raptors at nesting, roosting, and feeding sites. In some cases, it is possible to establish undisturbed buffers around active raptor nests, raptor roosts, and foraging areas. Best Management Practices Listed below are BNIPs that hclp to achieve the goal of maintaining raptors and their habitats in urban � cnv ronments. 'I'hc I3AlPs in this Plan are based on ecological needs and behavioral traits of the target raptor species, and are generallti applicable to urban landscapes. These specific management practices are to be implemented within the mitigation site. BMP 1: Retain Existing Habitats and Features; Minimize Loss of Natural Vegetation 1. Preserve all trees and snags used or suspected of being used b� raptors as nesting sites. 2. Where possible, retain groups of trees rather than isolated single trees to provide an inter- locking canopy. 3. -\Ialirnizc retention of shelterbelts, hedgerows, brusli thickets, shrubby- areas, and rudcral grassland habitat. 4. Retain undisturbed grasslands and open pastures. BMP 2: Protect Raptor Nest Sites 1. In urban areas, maintain a minimum buffer (consisting of undisturbed natural vegetation) of 50 feet around nest sites in trees. 2. Protect e-fisting and potential nest sites, including dead trees with snags and natural cavities. BMP 3: Protect Raptor Roosting/Perching Sites and Foraging Areas 1. Protect am- potential nest trees or other specific sites that raptors regularly use for roosting, Perching or feeding- good foraging sites include «etlands, shrubby- areas, rudcral/grassland fields, hedgerows, and riparian areas. 20 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 25 11-1I3 -72- • • bG BMP 4: Construct Nest Boxes and Platforms 1. Construct at least t«o artificial raptor nest boxes and/or platforms in the mitigation area tailored to the opportunities of the site, using best professional Judg ment of raptor use in the general area. BMP 5: Avoid Disturbance of Sensitive Habitats During and After Development 1. Locate trails, buildings, and roads av,-ay from raptor nesting, roosting, and foraging areas. 2. 1111-eep machinery, people, and pets away from nesting, brood rearing, roosting, and foraging; areas. 3. fence off (using post and rope) any trails or paths through the foragring areas to discourage entrance into non trail portions of the site. BMP 6: Manage, Restore, or Enhance Raptor Habitat and Features I. lzcplace artificial raptor nest sites that are damaged or lost with new nest boxes. 2. Prune mature trees (outside the nesting season) to make them more attracti�-e to red-tailed hawks and other raptors. BMP 7: Weed Abatement, and Trash Control 1. In order to avoid impacts on nesting birds and raptors, schedule vegetation clearing during the non-breeding season (generally between September 16 and 1 ebruary 14 four nesting birds, Iuh- I and January 31 for nesting raptors), to the extent feasible. If project timing requires that vegetation clearing be conducted during the breeding season (generally between I`ebruary 15 and September- 15 for birds and ben een Tebruan- 1 and June 30 for nesting raptors), a pre- construction sun-ey (or multiple surveys) shall be conducted by a qualified Bi()Iogist for nesting birds and/or raptors prior to disturbance to confirm the absence of active nests. If no actiVe nests are found, N-egetation clearing can proceed. 2. If an active nest is found by the Biologist and determined that the nest may be impacted, identify an appropriate buffer zone around the nest depending on the sensitivity of the species. The active site will be protected until nesting activity has ended to ensure compliance with the \II3"l'_1 and the C.(i1ilorlil'(4 and Gap,,(,C ogle. To protect any nest site,the following restrictions shall be required until nests are no longer active, as determined by a qualified Biologist: (1) clearing linvts shall be established within a buffer around any occupied nest (the buffer shall be 300-500 feet for raptors), unless otherwise determined by a qualified Biologist and (2) access and sun-eying shall be restricted within the buffer of any occupied nest,unless otherwise determined by a qualified Biologist. Encroachment into the buffer area around a known nest shall only be allowed if the Biolognst determines that the proposed actiN,M, xvould not disturb the nest occupants. 3. hlonitor the mitigation area to clean up trash. Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 21 Item 7. - 26 ! ♦ ♦? BMP 8: Avoid the Use of Pesticides and Herbicides 1. Use integrated pest/\N-ced management and avoid use of chemical pesticides. 2. Control v,-ecds xa-ith herbicides or by hand pulling. Spraying of herbicides is only permitted in areas '"-here noxious «-eeds arc present, and may not be used in areas v%,here young desirable forbs may be present. BMP 9: Educate the Public 1. L-se interpretatj.ve materials such as sign7s and sign posts to make the public aware of the need to protect raptor habitats and to prevent disturbances to nesting and roosting sites. Schedule Tlie schedule provided in Table ? (Construction and Monitoring Schedule) includes monitoring times for the mitigation site. • • - • • • • • s sSc�OdWe Activities riming 1. Construct at least two nest boxes. During construction of the project 2. Construct at least three artificial perches. During construction of the project 3. Perform avian surveys to identify species and number of Early spring (approximately February through the end raptors present and to protect existing nest sites. of June) 4. Identify key habitat features including, but not limited to, vegetation/trees within the mitigation area that are to be Early spring protected. 5. Monitor and identify the species and number of raptors in Once per month for two years the mitigation area. Nest Boxes and Perch Poles 1'o enhance nesting opportunities of common cavity nesting raptors such as barn owl ('l'Vo alga) and .lmerican kestrel,it is recommended to put up at least tvvo nest boyes. Some CXamples of raptor nest boxes are below. 1n addition, Fyhibit 3 depicts ho -vv to construct raptor perch poles. 22 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 27 JIB _74_ ------ ► r rJ 4' Source:PBSBJ.2008 Exhibit 3 T Diagram of Raptor Perch Pole OD2131400 Huntington Beach Raptor Mitigation Plan 24 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 29 _76_ Vri,E s _ American Kestrel Box r a iwll x ,yam American Kestrel Box Raptor Habifat M tigation and Monitoring Plan 25 Item 7. - 30 ^»} \ a2 ? �k Barn Owl Box RR, : . . � . . . . : . . . . Barn Owl Box 2 RoWw Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7, - 31 111& -75- Monitoring Monitoring of Raptor Enhancements To ensure proper placement of raptor enhancements (i.e., nest boxes, perch poles), qualified Biologists will monitor the installation of the raptor enhancements during the construction phase of the Senior Center project. When not present, the Biologists will be on call when construction activities are scheduled in areas requiring the monitor's expertise. They will also take a proactive approach to assess work area conditions ahead of constriction, noting concerns and construction constraints. In every,instance possible, the Biologists will work to provide advanced notice to the construction managers and contractors of conditions and situations that require specific awareness and planning. A qualified Biologist will conduct up to two site "visits during the construction period, in addition to the n-ionthly monitoring visits described below. Monitoring Procedures For two years after installation of the enhancement measures,a qualified Biologist shall monitor the mitigation site monthh- from February 1 to Tune 30. The Biologist shall carry out the following procedures during monitoring visits: 1. Assess vegetation coverage (e.g., species, structural stage) and determine if it is necessary to enhance the existing plant communities in the mitigation area. 2. Record environmental factors (such as precipitation at the time of suiveys and precipitation levels for the year). 3. Record any wildfire that occurs ilr the mitigation area and any remedial actions taken to restore habitat quality- in the damaged area. 4. Record all plant and wildlife species present. 5. Record observations of special status plant or wildlife species (federally or State-listed as Threatened or Endangered species and State sensitive species) during appropriate seasons for detection of these species. G. ,Apply results of monitoring to refine mitigation and management measures on a continuing basis, as needed. Monitoring Report The results of the monitoring procedures identified above will be documented in a brief twice-yearly Monitoring Report that will include a discussion of the monitoring metrics; the performance of the Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 27 HB -79- Item 7. - 32 enhancements, and suggestions for any additional management or remedial needs including action steps to remediate am poor results (e.g.,invasive species, vegetation failure, nest box damage). Success Criteria ;litigation of the raptor habitat impacts of the Senior Center project may be considered successful if the Cin- protects sufficient habitat in the mitigation site. The Ciro- must protect the quantity- and qualin,of habitat in the mitigation site for the life of the Senior Center project and ensure the success and maintenance of the habitat enhancement measures to meet the intent of the enhancement goal. The (:itv- may-demonstrate improvement of habitat quality- based on evidence of indicators such as the increased avian use bv a larger diversity of bird species and increased use of raptors present. If the Cite cannot demonstrate that the habitat mitigation site is trending to-,vard the habitat qualM goals described above within trn-o rears, the CirY shall propose remedial actions. The CDF\N' may require supplemental plantings or other correcuive measures. ;after the City has demonstrated that the habitat quantite goals have been achieved, (i.e., the 7.5- acre mitigation site has been consen-ed), the Biologist shall verify, during subsequent monitoring visits, that the mitigation site continues to meet the habitat quahn- goals described above. The Biolognst shall recommend remedial action if the habitat quality in the mitigation site falls below the goals listed above. The CDYW may require supplemental plantings, other corrective measures, and additional monitoring as neeessary to ensure that the habitat enhancement actions described herein are achieved and maintained. 28 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 33 1111 -So- elurmizz AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN The enhancement and establishment of a successful raptor foraging area is vie«-ed as being a dynamic process, wherel-)v it is expected that changes to the plan will be made depending on the results of actions carried out in the field. The Habitat 'Mitigation and Monitoring Plan could be amended from time to time bti agreement of the Cite and Bon Terra Psomas. Such amendments may be made vvithout amendment of the site certificate for the project. BonTerra Psomas shall notify the City of all amendments, and the Cin- retains the authorin- to approve, reject, or modif\ any amendment of th-is plan agreed to by Bon'Terra I'somas. Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 29 11B -81 i- Item 7. - 34 REFERENCES Atkins. 2012 (januan'). 20/2 I lunlZn,lolr Beath .Senior Censer Filial)'absequenl I,r1P7r'or7771er71a/lnl al'i 1lEporl SCH �\'a. ?007041027_1lili,alion.11oniloml" and Rtporlin" Proorasr, Los Angeles, CA: Atkins. Atkins. 2011 (December). I Innlir�,lon Beach.Senior C,errlrr 1'inal Subsegn(nl 1:wvirnnlrrenlallnrpacl R(porl and �I e�'/�ni�'al.-3f cndi�c�,Snlzrey�aen/1 1R 07-02, )'(J I A*o:00/70-1/0/7% 1 os Angeles, C-A: Atkins. Bent, A.C. 1937. 11/e 111Y/orzt�r of No/h. bizt,nCan Bird. o/Pre),. Ordtv-I"(il'orti/orI)I('s (Part /). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Call ?\1.W. 197ti. 1Nir�, i Iabi/.1 and)'XT )) Technigli(,s/or Cor�rnrorr If-'e'slerw Raplos(Tech. Note No. 316)., Portland, OR: L-. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Campbell, RAV., N.K. Da«c, 1. �1c"haggarr-Co��an, ).�1. Cooper, GAV. hailer and M.C.E. McNall. 1990. 76c 13itdi ol'Brili.d) Cnlzrnrbia (Vol. 2: Diurnal Birds of Prey through Woodpeckers and Vol. 4. Passerines through Old World Sparrows). Victoria, BC: Roval British Columbia 'Museum. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2008. All About Birds: Red-shouldered Haxek. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology-. littp://-,l-vi-v-,-.birds.cornclt.edu/All_lboutBirds/�BirdGuide/Red- shouldered Hav,k dtl.html. I1ncch, P.R., D.S. Dobkin, and D. \X%heve. 1988. 1 A, Bzrrler°; 1 Iandbook:. 1 V rld Gnidc to /fie ANalrrra/ 1 11'S1oi1,olAorlk . 1111rv7CW1 B/Rl,r. Nev, Fork, NY: Silaaon and Schuster. Gallagher, S. 1997. . lla.,-o/ Breedin; Bir-d�, Oran,e (,ois///)', Calilorn h.r. In' e, CA: Sea and Sage � Audubon Press. Garrett, K. and j. Dunn. 1981. Bi-(I,�of.Sorllhern Calilr;rniLr:.S'latrr+and Dislnbrllion. Los Angeles, CA: Audubon Press. 1uiapp, P. and B. Peterson. 2010. If"' /ern .S'rrora'l, Plover- al Bola Chico, Orange C'onnlp, California 20/0. A report of the Fish and V ildhfe Sen-ice, Carlsbad Office. December 2010. 26pp. Hamilton, R.A. and D.R. AVillick. 1996. T he Bi-d,s o/-Oran-e Corent)" ("a,l 01,111*a:.S'latrrs and 19i.dribrrliort. In-ine, CA: Sea and Sage Audubon Societ--. Mac«'hirter, R.B., and K.L. Bildstein. 1996. Northern Harrier (C.rr7/.( BIRh 0/'.Nol11) 111kni'cl, No. 210 (A. Poole and F. Gill, F;ds.). Philadelphia, PA and Washington, D.C.: The Acade iv of Natural Sciences and the ;1Ot ' (respecti�-elv). Preston, C.R. and R.D. Beane. 1993. Red-tailed Haxa-k (Bnleo jallairensis). Thc Bird ol'Norlb. lmerit'a. No. 32 (_1. Poole and F. Gill, I�ds.). Philadelphia, P_1: The Academy of Natural Sciences. 30 Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Item 7. - 35 H13 -82- Shuford, W.D. and T. (_lardali (lads.). 2008. California Bird Species of Special Concern: A Ranked Assessment of Species, Subspecies, and Distinct Populations of Birds of Immediate Conserv--ttion Concern in California. Studies of\Western B rds 1. Camarillo, CIA and Sacramento, CA: Western Field Ornithologists and CDFG (respectiv ch). Smallwood, I.A. and D.M. Bird. 2002. _ rnerican Iiesrrel TA, oJ.A'ol/G lzvev t'a, _1'o. 602 (_1. Poole and I�. Gill, Eds.). PlvladelpIlia, PA: The Ac,-tdciny of Natural Sciences. Raptor Habitat Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 31 1 _ ;_ Item 7. - 36 PA TA C KTI`�a M E N T ;9 a 0 EMMMI ❑ Approximate Project Boundary t - W 1, W;Dj Potential Foraging Area ;.a rk ul, s k a 5 I j aw 'r m � n 4 in i �F y�4 l F� 1l Huntington Beach Cd °��, � �, � �' I•����° ' "II amp'�I �I��I�� Proposed Permanent " Panting Lot for Central Par " e". 4 s - IL } x x Senior Center and nrivewa, Uil 3e ,s .Equestrian ,9 r , r r Lrhao " Eliis r - x Aer.ai Source Aerials Express ATTACHMENT #4 • r7 kit AI }./� t rJl I� �•�` 1� 4 •�► - � ! e • - w, 4r -�h• ." t yy • �, Aima ., S If a "j• ,x„� a r 1n ,,,x ,:=af 'w.. w � "6j�= -a� - t ��- % y ( F lk ' c f f mil•: �7-� t� � .. r ,,�. t �4 :.. j1� Y owl :1 max.. .__^�_ ♦ i .. a_. .. 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