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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCity Council - 2022-79 RESOLUTION NO. 2022-79 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH APPROVING THE UPDATED HUNTINGTON BEACH LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN WHEREAS,the City has prepared a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update in compliance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000; and WHEREAS, this Local Hazard Mitigation Plan has been prepared in compliance with California Government Code Sections 8685.9 and 65302.6, which integrates this plan with the Huntington Beach General Plan Safety Element; and WHEREAS,the City has received a letter from FEMA identifying the City's LHMP as eligible for approval pending final adoption; and WHEREAS, Council adoption of a current LHMP will make the City eligible to receive earmarked mitigation grant funding, as well as eligible to apply for additional federal mitigation grants; and WHEREAS, City staff has collaborated with numerous partner representatives and hazard experts to develop the LHMP; and WHEREAS, on May 11, 2022, the community, surrounding Cities, and all City commissions and boards were invited to provide feedback on the Public Review Draft Plan; and WHEREAS, on August 15, 2022,the public review period was completed and comments received were reviewed and incorporated into the LHMP; and WHEREAS, on September 12, 2022, the City transmitted the LHMP document to the California Office of Emergency Services, initiating the formal review process; and WHEREAS, on November 2, 2022, City staff submitted the LHMP to the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) for review; and WHEREAS, on December '141';2022 FEMA determined the plan to be eligible for final approval pending its adoption by the Huntington Beach City Council. NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Council of the City of Huntington Beach that the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is hereby adopted. 22-12178/296772 1 Resolution No. 2022-79 PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Huntington Beach at a regular meeting thereof held on the 20th day of December, 2022. IViaclor REVIEWED AND APPROVED: APPROVED AS T RM: CityManager rt orne �a. g Y Y ,,(,to ITIATED AND APPROVED: Fire Chief EXHIBIT A - LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 22-12065/294662 2 Resolution No. 2022-79 tik . •+, 2022 Alp NTY t01 T4ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan • • � S�y Atlas Planning Solutions City Council Adopted Draft Cover Photo: 12/2O/2O22 Mcclane2010,CC BY-SA 3.0<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>,via VUikimedia Commons City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 — Introduction 1 Plan Purpose and Authority 1 Federal Authority 1 State Authority 2 Plan Organization and Use 3 Previous Huntington Beach LHMP 3 Plan Goals 4 Planning Process 4 Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee 5 Stakeholder Outreach 5 Public Engagement 6 Public Review Draft 7 Plan Revision and Adoption 7 Plan Resources 7 Chapter 2 — Community Profile 11 Setting and Location 11 History 11 Demographics 12 Economy and Commute Patterns 14 Land Uses 16 Development Trends 17 Major Community Elements/Neighborhoods 19 Downtown Huntington Beach/Huntington Beach Pier 19 Goldenwest 20 Bolsa Chica 20 Central Park 20 Huntington Harbour 20 Beach Blvd 20 Sunset Beach 21 Evacuation Routes 21 Infrastructure Assessment 21 Electricity 22 Public Safety Power Shutoff 22 Fossil Fuel 23 III City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Water and Wastewater 24 Transportation 24 Chapter 3 — Risk Assessment 25 Hazard Identification 25 Hazard Scoring and Prioritization 29 Hazard Profiles Seismic Hazards 31 Drought 43 Coastal Hazards(Coastal Erosion, Sea Level Rise, Tsunami) 48 Flood 55 Severe Weather(High Winds/Windstorm, Tornado) 61 Human-Caused Hazards(Terrorism,Hazardous Materials Release) 66 Methane Containing Soils 73 Dam Failure 76 Chapter 4— Threat and Vulnerability 81 Threat Assessment Process 81 Critical Facilities (Restricted and Public) 81 Vulnerable Populations 84 Data Limitations and Notes on Vulnerability Tables 85 Other Assets 85 Threat Profiles 85 Seismic Hazards(Fault Rupture, Seismic Shaking, Liquefaction) 85 Drought 89 Coastal Hazards(Coastal Erosion, Sea Level Rise, Tsunami) 89 Flood 92 Severe Weather(High Winds/Windstorm, Tornado) 94 Human-Caused Hazards(Terrorism,Hazardous Materials Release) 95 Methane Containing Soils 97 Dam Failure 98 Chapter 5 — Hazard Mitigation Strategy 101 Strategy Development Process 101 Use of Hazard and Threat Assessment 101 Capabilities Assessment 101 Capabilities Improvement/Expansion 101 Hazard Mitigation Strategies and Actions 102 National Flood Insurance Program 119 iv City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6 — Plan Maintenance 121 Coordinating Body 121 Plan Implementation/Integration 121 Plan Maintenance Process 122 Plan Monitoring and Evaluation 123 Plan Updates 123 Update Method and Schedule 123 Update Adoption 124 Continued Public Involvement 124 Point of Contact 125 v City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan vi City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 1 — Introduction Plan Purpose and Authority Hazard events can lead to injuries or death, affect the overall health and safety of a community, damage or destroy public and private property, harm ecosystems, and disrupt key services. Although the hazard event itself often gets the most attention, it is only one part of a larger emergency management cycle. I / Emergency planners and •' ' � responders can take steps during KEY TERMS a<ed"ems Dis J~ the response, recovery, mitigation, HAZARD EVENT ':t - - >. Qs� and preparedness phases of the 4‘ 160 cycle to minimize the harm caused "AN EMERGENCY DUE TO A by a disaster. This Local Hazard NATURAL OR HUMAN- RESILIENCY H Mitigation Plan (LHMP) focuses on CAUSED EVENT THAT HAS 0 optimizing the mitigation phase of THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE 4,i, the cycle. Mitigation involves HARM." making a community more resilient HAZARD MITIGATION RccoveN to disasters so that when hazard events do ultimately occur, the "ANY SUSTAINED ACTION community suffers less damage and can recover more effectively. TAKEN TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE LONG-TERM RISK It differs from preparedness, which involves advanced planning TO PEOPLE AND PROPERTY for how best to respond when a disaster occurs or is imminent. FROM NATURAL OR HUMAN- For example, a policy to make homes structurally stronger so they CAUSED HAZARDS AND suffer less damage during an earthquake is a mitigation action, THEIR EFFECTS." while fully equipping shelters to accommodate people who lose their homes in an earthquake is a preparedness action. Some RESILIENCE activities may qualify as both. THE"CAPACITY OF ANY The City of Huntington Beach (City), like other communities, could ENTITY-AN INDIVIDUAL,A COMMUNITY,AN potentially suffer severe harm from hazard events, and although ORGANIZATION,OR A large disasters may cause widespread devastation, even smaller NATURAL SYSTEM-TO disasters can have substantial effects. The city cannot make itself PREPARE FOR completely immune to hazard events, but this LHMP can help DISRUPTIONS,TO RECOVER make the community a safer place to live, work, and visit. This FROM SHOCKS AND LHMP provides a comprehensive assessment of the threats that STRESSES,AND TO ADAPT the city faces from natural and human-caused hazard events and AND GROW FROM A a coordinated strategy to reduce these threats. It identifies DISRUPTIVE EXPERIENCE." resources and information that can help community members, City staff, and local officials understand local threats and make informed decisions. The LHMP can also support increased coordination and collaboration between the City, other public agencies, local employers, service providers, community members, and other key stakeholders. Federal Authority The City is not required to prepare an LHMP, but state and federal regulations encourage it. The federal Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Act, amended by the Disaster 1 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Management Act of 2000, creates a federal framework for local hazard mitigation planning. It states that jurisdictions that wish to be eligible for federal hazard mitigation grant funding must prepare a hazard mitigation plan that meets a certain set of guidelines and submit this plan to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for review and approval. These guidelines are outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 201, and discussed in greater detail in FEMA's Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool. State Authority CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE SECTIONS 8685.9 AND ` 65302.6 ,- ! N California Government Code Section 8685.9 (also -�� known as Assembly Bill 2140) limits the State of � - California's share of disaster relief funds paid out to local governments to 75 percent of the funds not paid ,� T unless for by federal disaster relief efforts u ess the jurisdiction has adopted a valid hazard mitigation plan consistent with the Disaster Management Act of 2000 } and has incorporated the hazard mitigation plan into Local Mitigation the jurisdiction's general plan. In these cases, the State may cover more than 75 percent of the remaining Planning Handbook disaster relief costs. All cities and counties in California must prepare a general plan, which must include a safety element that addresses various hazard conditions and other public FEMA safety issues. The safety element may be a stand- alone chapter or incorporated into another section, as FEMA's Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, last the community wishes. California Government Code upd013, documentsatedin for2 local coismonemunitiesof inthe prepakeyring hazardguidance Section 65302.6 indicates that a community may adopt mitigation plans. an LHMP into its safety element if the LHMP meets applicable state requirements. This allows communities to use the LHMP to satisfy state requirements for safety elements. As the General Plan is an overarching long-term plan for community growth and development, incorporating the LHMP creates a stronger mechanism for implementing the LHMP. CAL IFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 65302(o (4) California Government Code Section 65302 (g)(4), also known as Senate Bill (SB) 379, requires that the safety element of a community's general plan address the hazards created or exacerbated by climate change. The safety element must identify how climate change is expected to affect hazard conditions in the community and include measures to adapt and be more resilient to these anticipated changes. Because the LHMP can be incorporated into the safety element, including these items in the LHMP can satisfy the state requirement. SB 379 requires that climate change be addressed in the safety element when the LHMP is updated after January 1, 2017, for communities that already have an LHMP, or by January 1, 2022, for communities without an LHMP. This LHMP is consistent with current standards and regulations, as outlined by the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) and FEMA. It uses the best available science, and its 2 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan mitigation actions/strategies reflect best practices and community values. It meets the requirements of the current state and federal guidelines and makes the City eligible for all appropriate benefits under state and federal law and practices. Note that while FEMA is responsible for reviewing and certifying this LHMP, and Cal OES is responsible for conducting a preliminary review, it does not grant FEMA or Cal OES any increased role in the governance of the city or authorize either agency to take any specific action in the community. Plan Organization and Use The Huntington Beach LHMP is both a reference document and an action plan. It has information and resources to educate readers and decision-makers about hazard events and related issues, and a comprehensive strategy that the City and community members can follow up to improve resilience in the City. It is divided into the following chapters: • Chapter 1: Introduction. This chapter describes the background of the Plan, its goals and objectives, and the process used in its development. • Chapter 2: Community Profile. This chapter discusses the history of Huntington Beach, its physical setting and land uses, its demographics, and other important community characteristics. • Chapter 3: Hazard Assessment. This chapter identifies and describes the hazards that pose a threat to Huntington Beach and discusses past and future events as well as the effects of climate change. • Chapter 4: Vulnerability Assessment. This chapter describes the threat of each hazard to Huntington Beach's key facilities and community members, including socially vulnerable individuals. • Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategy. This chapter lists the mitigation actions to reduce Huntington Beach's vulnerability to hazard events and provides an overview of the community's existing capabilities to improve hazard resilience. • Chapter 6: Plan Maintenance. This chapter summarizes the process for implementing, monitoring, and updating the LHMP and opportunities for continued public involvement. Previous Huntington Beach LHMP This is an update to the City of Huntington Beach's 2017 LHMP and maintains the eligibility, once approved and adopted, to apply for FEMA grants for hazard mitigation projects and monetary relief during emergency situations. The content from the previous plan has been included in this document and updated accordingly. Key modifications in this plan focus on expanding the risk assessment (understanding potential losses and vulnerable populations) within Chapter 4 and revised and modified mitigation strategies and actions within Chapter 5. Since the adoption of this previous plan, the following changes have occurred, affecting subsequent updates to the City's plan': • Defines who local governments must include in the planning process. This includes representatives from a broad range of sectors, community lifelines, and public and community-based organizations supporting underserved communities. • Requires local governments to include the effects of climate change and other future conditions in the risk assessment. • Recognizes the important role of adopting and enforcing building codes and land use and development ordinances in the local government's ability to improve mitigation capabilities. • Facilitates stronger alignment with other FEMA mitigation programs such as the National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP), Community Rating System, and flood risk mapping program. • Explains the need to right-size the scope of a plan update,consider current and future risks, and complete the planning process with plan adoption. 1 FEMA Mitigation Planning Guides Summary of Changes,https://www.fema.Qov/sites/default/files/documents/fema mitigation- policies-summary-changes 042022.pdf 3 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan • Includes existing mitigation plan requirements for the High Hazard Potential Dams (HHPD)grant program to include all dam risks. Removes the optional Repetitive Loss Strategy. • Reorganized requirements for ease of use Plan Goals This Plan was developed to increase resilience in Huntington Beach broadly, relying on the following goals: • Protect life and property in Huntington Beach from hazard events. • Increase public awareness of hazard threats to reduce damage and support a rapid and successful recovery. • Protect and enhance natural systems from current and future hazard conditions. • Develop partnerships with community membersto strengthen community resiliency. • Enhance emergency management and homelandsecurity policies through proactive activities and coordinated response. These goals reflect a change in the community's priorities since the last LHMP update and anticipated new development in areas of the city experiencing growth and change. These goals also ensure greater consistency with the City's General Plan Safety Element and priorities over the next five years. Planning Process State and federal guidance for LHMPs do not require that jurisdictions follow a standardized planning process. FEMA encourages communities to create their own planning process that reflects local values, goals, and characteristics. FEMA does suggest a general planning process that follows these general milestones: Identify the planning Build the planning Create an outreach and the resources it --> team team contains � I Identify the risks and Review the Develop a hazard threats to the > community's > community capabilities mitigation strategy y Review and adopt Implement the plan Keep the plan the plan > to create a safe and > current resilient community For the City of Huntington Beach, the planning process used to create this plan is described below. 4 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee The City established a Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (hereafter referred to as the Committee or HMPC). The Committee is made up of representatives from key City departments and stakeholder members that include representatives from local and regional agencies and companies that are key to hazard mitigation activities. Table 1-1 identifies the members that attended Committee meetings. Emergency managers from surrounding cities were also invited but did not attend these meetings. The Committee held two meetings throughout the plan update development process to lay out the methods and approach for the Plan, draft and review content, make revisions, and engage members of the public. Committee Meeting#1 (August 2, 2021): Planning Team members discussed goals for the Plan, the Plan development process, initial hazards of concern and hazard prioritization, and the schedule for Plan development. Committee Meeting #2 (May 19, 2022): The Committee reviewed the results of the hazard profiles and vulnerability assessment, confirmed hazard prioritization, and discussed, reviewed, and revised the hazard mitigation action table. Table 1-1: Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee Name Title Department Alvin Papa Deputy Director Public Works Rudy Ocampo Water Distribution Public Works Superintendent Tom Herbel City Engineer Public Works Thomas Nuwey GIS Analyst II Administrative Services Tess Nguyen Associate Planner Community Development (Planning) Jennifer Carey Public Affairs Manager(PIO) City Manager Chris Nesmith Lieutenant Police Janice Van Fire Marshal Fire Mullen Eric McCoy Division Chief Fire Leslie Schwene Mariner Safety Captain Fire Brevyn Mettler Emergency Services Coordinator Fire Invitations to Committee meetings, as well as agendas/materials, were provided via email. Appendix A contains copies of invitations, meeting agendas and sign-in sheets, and other relevant materials distributed for these meetings. Stakeholder Outreach During the development of this Plan, the City worked closely with neighboring jurisdictions to ensure that they were informed about the City's efforts and had the opportunity to participate. Representatives from neighboring jurisdictions were invited to participate in the planning process and were given the opportunity to review a draft of the Plan through notifications on multiple e- mail distribution lists and the Orange County Emergency Management Organization. All 5 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan jurisdictions and stakeholders were invited via email and/or direct communication via telephone from Huntington Beach's Emergency Manager: 'p Michelle Anderson, Director, Orange County Sheriffs Department I Emergency Management P Sgt. Brain Gray, Emergency Services Coordinator, Seal Beach Police Department r Katie Eing, Newport Beach Police Department Michelle Rudaitis, Fire Marshal, Fountain Valley Fire Department P Brendan Manning, Emergency Operations Coordinator, Laguna Beach Police Department Public Engagement Under FEMA guidelines, local hazard mitigation planning processes should create opportunities for members of the public to be involved in plan development—at a minimum, during the initial drafting stage and during plan approval. The Committee chose to go beyond minimum standards and conduct more extensive community outreach to help ensure that the LHMP reflects community values, concerns, and priorities. The Committee developed a community engagement and outreach strategy to guide all public engagement activities. Appendix B contains a copy of the strategy. PUBLIC MEETING In-person public meetings were a central component of the City's engagement efforts. These meetings provided an opportunity for members of the public to learn about wildfire hazards and the LHMP update. These meetings were in coordination with Orange County Fire Authority and the Huntington Beach Police Department. At these meetings, members of the public could speak directly to Huntington Beach staff and other stakeholders and provide detailed feedback. The City of Huntington Beach held two public meetings, and notices of each meeting were widely distributed in advance in accordance with City notification requirements, the engagement strategy, legal requirements, and best practices. Public Engagement Opportunity #1 (May 11, 2022) the City released the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey on the City's website, allowing the residents to provide valuable input into the LHMP update progress. Public Engagement Opportunity #2 (August 15, 2022) the plan was released for public review and comment. It was another opportunity for the residents to provide valuable input for the LHMP update. The plan was made available online for two weeks. Appendix B includes a copy of the flyers used to promote these meetings. ONf_BNF ENGAcGEMFFJT The City recognized that not all community members are able to attend public meetings and conducted public engagement through social media and online platforms. To assist with engagement, the City set up a project website (https://www.huntingtonbeachca.qov/government/departments/fire/emergency preparedness/lo cal-hazard-mitiqation-plan/) as a simple, one-stop location for community members to learn about the LHMP. The website included information about what an LHMP is and why the City prepared one. It had links to materials and Plan documents as they became available and allowed members of the public to receive notifications about upcoming events. The page also contained a link to the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey for public participation. 6 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The City also promoted the planning process through the following online methods: • Huntington Beach Website • Social Media(Facebook, NextDoor, Twitter) • Distribution of information to their extensive CERT Member List A central part of the engagement strategy was an online survey. This survey asked community members about their experience and familiarity with emergency conditions, their level of preparedness for future emergencies, and preferred actions for the City to take to increase resiliency. The survey had responses from 54 individuals. A summary of these responses is summarized here: • 74%of respondents live in the City of Huntington Beach,with an additional 22%that live and work in the City. • Nearly 78%of respondents have not been impacted by a disaster in their current residence. • The top three hazards of concern for respondents were Seismic Hazards, Coastal Hazards, and Human- Caused Hazards. • Approximately 67%of respondents showed concern regarding climate change affecting future hazards. • Over 50%of respondents believe their homeowners insurance is adequate. • Nearly 60%of respondents have taken steps to make their home less vulnerable to hazards. • Nearly 30%of respondents are trained Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) members. The results from the survey were provided to the HMPC. The data was then analyzed, reviewed, and incorporated by the HMPC within the LHMP content. The data provided by the survey presented unique local insight into hazard concerns, and assessed the overall opinion and perception of the public when it comes to the hazards that affect Huntington Beach. The survey results are also provided within Appendix B of the LHMP, including the survey questions and answers. Appendix B contains copies of all materials used for public outreach, including the full results of the community survey. Public Review Draft On August 15, 2022, the City released a draft copy of the LHMP for public review and comment. The document was posted electronically on the City's website. The City distributed notifications about the public review draft through social media accounts and other online sources. Plan Revision and Adoption The City received public comments on the plan; however, none of the comments required edits or modifications to the plan content. The City submitted the plan to Cal OES and FEMA following public comment. The City then made additional revisions to incorporate comments from state and federal agencies, as appropriate, and submitted the final draft to City decision-makers. The Huntington Beach City Council adopted the final LHMP on [Month Day, 2022]. Appendix C contains a copy of the adoption resolution. Plan Resources The City used several different plans, studies, technical reports, datasets, and other resources to prepare the hazard assessment, mapping, threat assessment, and other components of this Plan. Table 1-2 provides some of the primary resources the Committee used to prepare this Plan. 7 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 1-2: Key Resources for Plan Development Section Key Resources Reviewed Data Incorporated from Resource Multiple • Cal-Adapt • Science and background • California Department of information on different hazard Conservation conditions • California Geological • Records of past disaster Survey events in and around • California Office of Huntington Beach Emergency Services • Current and anticipated • California State Hazard climate conditions in and Mitigation Plan around Huntington Beach • City of Huntington Beach • Projections of future seismic General Plan conditions and events • FEMA Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Guidance • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration • National Weather Service • US Geological Survey • US Census Bureau 2015- 2019 American Community Survey Community Profile • US Census Bureau 2015- • Demographic information for 2019 American Huntington Beach and Orange Community Survey County • City of Huntington Beach • History of the region General Plan Background • Economic trends in Huntington Reports Beach • California Energy • Commute patterns in Commission Huntington Beach • Local land-use patterns • Background information on utilities serving Huntington Beach Hazard Assessment • Huntington Beach Public • Mapping of dam failure (Dam Failure) Works Department inundation areas • California Department of • Profiles and conditions of Water Resources dams that could affect • US Army Corps of Huntington Beach Engineers Hazard Assessment • Cal Adapt • Historic drought information (Drought) • US Drought Monitor • Current drought conditions 8 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Hazard Assessment • FEMA Map Service • Records of past flood events in (Flood Hazards) Center and around Huntington Beach • Orange County Flood • Locations of flood-prone areas Control District in Huntington Beach Hazard Assessment • Cal OES RIMS Database • Past reports of hazardous (Human-Caused • Global Terrorism materials spills Hazards) Database • Historical records of terrorism • California Department of • Location and dates of past Toxic Substances and hazardous materials release Control • Effects of hazardous materials release Hazard Assessment • California Geological • Mapping of seismic hazards (Seismic Hazards) Survey • Historical record of seismic • United State Geological events and impacts in and Survey around Huntington Beach Hazard Assessment • California Department of • Historical information (Severe Weather Water Resources regarding severe weather Hazards) • US Drought Monitor events • Western Regional Climate • Future trends regarding severe Center weather Note:Sections that are not individually called out in this table relied primarily on sources identified in multiple sections. 9 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 10 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 2 — Community Profile The Community Profile section of the LHMP is a summary of Huntington Beach, including information about the community's physical setting, history, economy and demographics, current and future land uses, and key infrastructure. The Community Profile helps establish the baseline conditions in Huntington Beach, which inform the development of the hazard mitigation actions in Chapter 5. Setting and Location The City of Huntington Beach is located in northwestern Orange County, along the ' , I Pacific Ocean. Huntington Beach is � i1' bordered by the City of Seal Beach to the a , R�y� northwest, the City of Westminster to the _ s - r; north, the City of Fountain Valley to the northeast, and the Cities of Newport and Costa Mesa to the east. The Pacific Ocean t, " 1 borders the city to the southwest. k- ...t J 4T� The city is made up mostly of lowland of plains, with sandy beaches backed in places by low bluffs and mesas. Huntington Huntington Beach's shore has long been a popular destination, as Beach surrounds the Bolsa Chica shown in this 1939 photo.Image from theOrange County Archives. Ecological Reserve, a protected wetland in unincorporated Orange County typical of the habitat that was once common along the California coast. The Santa Ana River runs along Huntington Beach's southeastern border, and a number of artificial flood control channels run through the community. Most of the city is developed, although some open developable parcels remain. Residential land uses, mostly single-family homes, are the most common land use in Huntington Beach. The city also has smaller amounts of multifamily, commercial, industrial, and public/open space land, including its world-renowned beaches.2 History Archaeologists have found records of human settlement in what is now Huntington Beach as far back as 5,000 BCE. Early residents of the area relied primarily on gathering seeds and shellfish rather than hunting. Eventually, the Gabrielino (Tongva) Native American culture developed in the area, covering much of modern Los Angeles and Orange Counties. The Gabrielinos lived in small villages throughout Huntington Beach and the wider Los Angeles basin. They were one of the most populous and powerful Native American peoples in Southern California, and their influence reached into the Central Valley and the Mojave and Colorado Deserts.3 The first Europeans to settle the area were Spanish explorers and missionaries in the late 1700s. In 1784, the Spanish governor of California granted 300,000 acres of land, including modern Huntington Beach, to a soldier named Manuel Nieto. Although the size of the grant would be 2 City of Huntington Beach 3!bid 11 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan reduced to 167,000 acres, it remained the largest such land grant in California. In 1834, the land was divided among Nieto's heirs, and Huntington Beach became part of the 33,460-acre Rancho Las Bolsas.4 Following the United States' conquest of California, Rancho Las Bolsas was sold to a businessman named Abel Stearns, who used the land for ranching and growing barley. Stearns began to sell portions of the land off for settlement, and a number of small farming towns grew up in the area. The Huntington Beach Company, owned by railroad baron Henry E. Huntington, became the biggest landowner in the area and began to lay out more extensive infrastructure. The city incorporated in 1909 as Huntington Beach and remained a quiet town until oil was discovered in the area in 1920. Huntington Beach's population grew from 1,500 people to 5,000 in less than a month. As the oil heyday faded in the 1950s, Huntington Beach became a popular place to live in the post-World War II boom. The aerospace industry established itself in Huntington Beach,further promoting growth in the community. Today, Huntington Beach is known for its beaches and surf culture, although both the oil and aerospace industries remain active in the community. In 2011, Huntington Beach annexed the beachfront neighborhood of Sunset Beach, which was previously an unincorporated part of Orange County. Demographics The data used in this section comes from the most comprehensive American Community Survey (ACS), administered by the United States Census Bureau (US Census), completed in 2020.5 Based on this dataset, Huntington Beach's 2020 population was estimated to be 198,711. It is the fourth most-populous city in Orange County, behind Anaheim, Santa Ana, and Irvine, with a median age of approximately 43.2, which is about five years older than the median age of 38.3 in Orange County. This trend continues in the number of senior residents aged 65 and older in Huntington Beach, which is about 3.5% higher than the rest of Orange County. Huntington Beach residents have a median household income, which is slightly higher than Orange County residents. The proportion of Huntington Beach residents who rent is less than one percent lower compared to Orange County. Table 2-1 shows the basic demographics for Huntington Beach and Orange County. Table 2-1: Basic Demographics, Huntingtin Beach and Orange County Demographics Huntington Beach Orange County Total Population 198,711 3,175,692 Percent of children who are less than 10 years old 9.6% 22.0% Percent of residents who are senior citizens (65+) 18.2% 14.8% Median Age 43.2 38.3 Total households 77,589 1,040,001 Median household income $97,469 $94,441 Percent of rental households 43.4% 41.8% Note:Percentage values are rounded to the nearest tenth decimal. Source:U.S.Census Bureau,2020 ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles,Table S0101 ^Ibid. 5 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,https://data.census.00v/cedsci/profile?q=1600000US0636000 12 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan In terms of its racial and ethnic composition, Huntington Beach is a white-majority city, with 69.7% percent of all Huntington Beach residents identifying as white. The second-largest population is Hispanic or Latino, with 19.1% of all residents identifying as such. This population makeup mirrors the greater Orange County composition due to the high proportion of white and Latino populations. Table 2-2 shows the racial and ethnic composition of all groups in Huntington Beach and Orange County. Table 2-2: Racial and Ethnic Composition, Huntington Beach and Orange County Race or Ethnicity Huntington Beach Orange County POPULATION PERCENTAGE POPULATION PERCENTAGE White 139,256 69.7% 1,826,960 57.6% Black 2,848 1.4% 54,061 1.7% American Indian and 892 0.4% 15,552 0.5% Alaskan Native Asian 25,857 12.9% 667,534 21.1% Native Hawaiian and 806 0.4% 9,497 0.3% Other Pacific Islander Two or more races 15,454 7.7% 217,089 6.8% Some other race 14,665 7.3% 379,652 12.0% Hispanic or Latino* 38,116 19.1% 1,071,091 33.8% Total 199,778 100% 3,170,345 100% *The US Census Bureau does not currently count persons who identify as Latinx as a separate racial or ethnic category. Persons who identify as Hispanic or Latinx are already included in the other racial or ethnic categories Note:Percentage values are rounded to the nearest tenth decimal. Source:U.S.Census Bureau,2020 ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles,Table DP05 Huntington Beach residents have attained higher education levels in comparison to Orange County. For example, a larger proportion of the population has attained bachelor's and professional degrees, roughly 43.6% of the City's residents versus 41% of the County's residents. Other categories also differ, such as a lower percentage of people not having education past 9th grade and a lower percentage of people not having graduated high school. Table 2-3 shows all levels of educational attainment of residents 25 years of age or older in both Huntington Beach and Orange County. Huntington Beach has a wide range of non-English languages spoken at home among its residents, with varying proficiency levels. Generally, Spanish is the second most-spoken language in Huntington Beach, with a bit more than 9.6% who are not fluent in English, which is 16% less than the level of English fluency among the countywide Spanish language speakers. Asian and Pacific Islander languages are the third most-spoken languages in Huntington Beach, with about 16.4% of these speakers unable to speak English fluently. This is slightly higher than the rest of Orange County, where a majority of Asian and Pacific Islander language speakers can speak English fluently. Table 2-4 shows the most spoken languages in Huntington Beach and the levels of fluency among speakers aged five and older in Huntington Beach and Orange County. 13 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 2-3: Educational Attainment of Residents 25+ Years of Age in Huntington Beach and Orange County Educational Attainment Huntington Beach Orange County NUMBER PERCENTAGE NUMBER PERCENTAGE Less than 9th grade 4,809 3.3% 160,132 7.3% 9th grade to 12th grade(no diploma) 5,376 3.6% 145,322 6.6% High school graduate or equivalent 24,178 16.4% 391,016 17.8% Some college(no degree) 34,466 23.3% 431,698 19.6% Associate degree 14,421 9.8% 169,466 7.7% Bachelor's degree 40,486 27.4% 568,673 25.8% Graduate or professional degree 23,978 16.2% 334,171 15.2% Total 147,714 100% 2,200,478 100% Note:Percentage values are rounded to the nearest tenth decimal. Source:U.S.Census Bureau,2020 ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles,Table S1501 Table 2-4: English Proficiency and Languages Spoken at Home Among Residents 5 Years or Older in Huntington Beach and Orange County (2020) Languages Huntington Beach Orange County NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE NOT NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE NOT SPEAKERS FLUENT IN ENGLISH SPEAKERS FLUENT IN ENGLISH English only 148,038 - 1,595,607 - Spanish 17,304 9.6% 765,060 25.6% Indo-European* 6,486 11.6% 129,377 4.3% Asian and 16,459 16.4% 470,103 15.7% Pacific Islander* All other 1,606 11.0% 30,215 1.0% languages Total 189,623 48.6% 2,990,362 46.6%** *Census data does not break down the specific languages for languages spoken in these regions **Due to these figures only being a percentage of the overall number of speakers,they will not add up to 100%. Source:U.S.Census Bureau,2019 American Community Survey(ACS)—Huntington Beach and Orange County Economy and Commute Patterns The five principal employers within the city are Boeing, Safran Cabin Inc., No Ordinary Moments, the Hyatt Regency Huntington Beach, and Boardriders Wholesale LLC. The top 58.6% of employees and industry types within the city are depicted in Table 2-5. These employers account for a large proportion of the total jobs located within the city. In total, there are approximately 78,141 people employed within the city. 14 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 2-5: Top Employers by Industry Type Industry Type Number of Employees Percentage of Total Employment Accommodation and Food 11,481 14.7% Services Manufacturing 9,738 12.5% Retail Trade 9,630 12.3% Health Care and Social 8,801 11.3% Assistance Educational Services 6,060 7.8% Source:U.S.Census Bureau,OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics,Work Area Profile Analysis 2019-2020 Although Huntington Beach is a major job center, only 14,011 or approximately 18% percent of people employed in Huntington Beach are residents. Comparably, roughly 7% percent of Huntington Beach's total resident population works in the community. Approximately 82% of Huntington Beach resident workers commute to nearby communities or employment centers in the neighboring communities of Irvine, Los Angeles, Santa Ana, Costa Mesa, Newport Beach, and Long Beach.6 While the majority of Huntington Beach's residents commute outside Huntington Beach for work, most of those residents (47.6%) travel less than 10 miles to reach their place of employment. Approximately 11.7% of commuters traveled 50 miles or more, with most of those trips heading into the Los Angeles or San Diego areas. Table 2-6 shows the outflow of workers from other worksites in the region. Table 2-6: Work Commute Distances for Huntington Beach's Residents (2020) Work Destinations for Huntington Number Percentage Beach's Residents Less than 10 miles 37,212 47.6% 10 to 24 miles 21,847 28.0% 25 to 50 miles 9,916 12.7% Greater than 50 miles 9,166 11.7% Total 78,141 100% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEND Origin-Destination Employment Statistics, Distance/Direction Analysis 2019-2020 Individuals who commute into Huntington Beach for work mostly come from Los Angeles, Long Beach, Santa Ana, Anaheim, and other communities in northern Orange County. Table 2-7 identifies the top five cities of origin for Huntington Beach's workforce (not including the 14,011 6 U.S.Census Bureau 2019/2020 on the Map,https://onthemap.ces.census.gov/ 15 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan that live in the city), the number of employees who travel from these cities, and the percentage of the workforce that they represent. Table 2-7: Top Five Cities-of-Origin for Huntington Beach's Workforce (2020) Cities-of-Origin for Huntington Number of Percentage Beach's Workforce Employees Long Beach 3,943 5.0% Los Angeles 3,921 5.0% Santa Ana 3,839 4.9% Anaheim 3,541 4.5% Garden Grove 3,323 4.3% Total 18,567 23.7% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEND Origin-Destination Employment Statistics, Home Destination Analysis 2019-2020. https://onthemap.ces.census.govl Land Uses As previously mentioned, single-family homes are the most common land use in Huntington Beach,comprising approximately 30% of the city's total area. Excluding public rights-of-way such as streets and roads, other major land uses include multifamily homes, public and quasi-public facilities, manufacturing activities, and parks. Table 2-8 shows the different land uses identified in the 2017 Huntington Beach General Plan. Table 2-8 Huntington Beach General Distribution of Land Uses (2017 Huntington Beach General Plan) Land Use Designation Acres Percentage of (approximate) Planning Area Residential Low Density(single-family homes, up to 7 units per acre) 5,666.3 29.8% Medium Density (small-lot single-family homes, duplexes, and 1,184.E 6.2% townhomes, up to 15 units per acre) Medium-High Density (townhomes, condos, and low-rise 1,034.4 5.5% multifamily buildings, up to 25 units per acre) High Density(low-rise and mid-rise multifamily buildings, more 180.7 0.95% than 25 units per acre) Total Residential 8,066 42.45 Commercial General (retail, dining, and entertainment, hotels, personal 296.9 1.6% services) Visitor(large retail stores) 165.7 0.9% Neighborhood (small retail stores, dining,and entertainment, personal services) 90.9 0.48% Office (professional services) 16.3 0.1% 16 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Total Commercial 569.8 3.08% Mixed Use Total Mixed Use (any combination of commercial uses; offices, attached single-family homes, multi-family housing, and live-work 637.9 3.4% units) Industrial Research and Technology(research and development, light 473.2 2.5% manufacturing and assembly, professional services) Industrial (warehouses, manufacturing, oil production, 654.E 3.5% processing, assembly, and wholesalers) Total Industrial 1,127.8 6.0% Open Space and Recreational Conservation(wetlands, other protected areas) 1,661.9 8.8% Park (City-owned parks, open space, and recreational facilities) 701.1 3.7% Recreation (golf courses, food stands, recreational equipment 237.8 1.3% rentals, maintenance equipment storage) Water Recreation (Huntington Harbour, Sunset Channel) 238.7 1.3% Shore(City and state-owned beaches, Huntington Pier, 434.3 2.3% associated recreation, and retail activities) Total Open Space and Recreational 3,273.8 17.4% Public and Community Service Public 835.7 4.4% Public-Semipublic 779.2 4.1% Rights-of-Way 3,681.5 19.4% Total Public and Community Service 5,296.4 27.9% Total 18,971.8 100% 2017 City of Huntington Beach General Plan Land Use Element, https://www.huntinatonbeachca.gov/files/users/planninq/Land Use Element.pdf Development Trends Various project types are occurring or have occurred within the City over the past five years. Many of these developments have included new residential infill developments, construction of new commercial uses and expansion of existing uses within the developed parts of the City. Only a small fraction of the City's land is considered vacant or undeveloped. For most of this recent and any future development activity, it is expected that infill or redevelopment activities will be undertaken. With these types of developments the City anticipates a cumulative reduction in overall hazard vulnerability as any new developments will be required to comply with the latest codes and regulations and address hazard conditions that older structures within the City may have not been required to address. For this reason much of the newer development within the City is expected to be safer and more resilient than existing structures/developments that may have been built under earlier codes and requirements that were less stringent codes. 17 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Housing Element Update Recent development activity in Huntington fiW , 14--- •, Beach has focused on residential ktva �"�-"` 04 qEii +I` ilit development, helped byimproving � taInIISRit ilitt(4 , s�- p p P 9 economic conditions and high quality of life �j' 1 d, ' ■ �1 I in the community. Huntington Beach is IN•in. 4�I:®r1g ,, ',, l pE g� �;+� -__ 41 `�, ,� �1.11.1 considered to be a built-out community, E. �. , , _. _� __ -_ meaning that there are very few lots larger d 5° '' 1' —`'C` -- , x�•a - , than 10 acres remaining, but the necessity i"` � {�l to satisfy state Regional Housing Needs t. Assessment (RHNA) requirements t1. remain. RHNA quantifies the need for -'"---' - - --:`- housing within each jurisdiction during Most recent development in Huntington Beach has been residential, such as these homes under construction in the downtown area. specified planning periods, currently that period is the 6th cycle occurring from October 2021 through October 2029. Each jurisdiction in California is responsible for providing zoning capacity for the number of residential housing for all income groups, as identified in their jurisdiction specific RHNA requirement. Huntington Beach has been allocated 13,368 units for the 2021-2029 planning period including: • 3,661 units affordable to very low-income households • 2,184 units affordable to low-income households • 2,308 units affordable to moderate-income households • 5,215 units affordable to above-moderate households According to the latest Draft 2021-2029 Huntington Beach Housing Element update, the City has identified 379 potential opportunity sites for redevelopment due to the built-out nature of the City. Appendix B of the City's Housing Element identifies these opportunity sites and the potential development opportunities that exist. Creating an Affordable Housing Overlay is one strategy the City uses to accommodate its RHNA requirement. This overlay intends to create housing opportunities in well-connected nonresidential areas in the city. The City will also expand the existing Affordable Housing Overlay within the Beach and Edinger Corridors Specific Plan (BECSP) to increase affordable housing options within the BECSP area. Another way this requirement can be satisfied is through the development of Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU). An ADU is a housing unit that may be developed in addition to an existing single-or multi-family residential use. They can be freestanding or attached to the primary structure and are intended to provide additional housing on an existing residential lot. Appendix B, Table B-11 of the Housing Element lists and identifies the 379 opportunity sites and the unit buildout capacity potential of each site. Figure 2-1 is a map of these opportunity sites. 18 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 2-1 - RHNA Opportunity Sites Figure B-1: Sites to Accommodate the 2021-2029 RHNA Legend nu City Boundary cm Sites Inventory t 7'' rr ti i;i rn 5'1� 1:7 a , • t o 0 , ''. + ; t- ' t • • a t'�'•� 14r Atek 0 0.5 i Miles NORTH 1 �f Major Community Elements/Neighborhoods Downtown Huntington Beach/Huntington Beach Pier With approximately ten miles of uninterrupted beaches and coastline, the Huntington Beach Pier and downtown area have been popular destinations among Southern California's most popular and visited beaches,with an estimated 11 million +visitors a year.' Huntington Beach offers some of the best surfing in Southern California and has earned the nickname "Surf City USA." Huntington Beach is also home to the annual U.S. Open of Surfing, the world's largest surfing competition. Measuring 1,850 feet in length,the iconic Huntington Beach Pier is one of the longest piers on the west coast. Jutting out into the Pacific Ocean at the intersection of Main Street and Pacific Coast Highway, it symbolizes the heart of Huntington Beach and is the most photographed spot in town. The Pier allows visitors and locals alike to enjoy the breathtaking views, sounds of the waves as they crash on the beach, and the smell of the ocean breeze. Downtown offers some of Huntington's best dining and shopping options and is home to the famous Farmers Market every Tuesday night. The Pier is a popular place for all walks of life to enjoy Surf City USA and the beach life.8 'City of Huntington Beach 8 Downtown Huntington Beach,httos.//www surfatvusa.com/about-huntington-beach/neighborhoods/downtown/ 19 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Golden west Goldenwest is a neighborhood in the city that is home to some of Huntington Beach's best shopping, dining, and entertainment offerings. It is home to the wildly popular outdoor mall, Bella Terra, spread across one million square feet. This shopping destination boasts a diverse collection of restaurants, shops, boutiques, and a state-of-the-art cinema. Goldenwest is also home to The Village at Old World, which offers shopping, dining, and entertainment designed and built in the likeness of a Bavarian village. It offers year-round events for the whole family, featuring the famous annual Oktoberfest festival, one of the most celebrated in southern California. Goldenwest also features the Vans Off the Wall Skatepark, a free and open to the public facility that allows skateboarding and BMX riders to enjoy the park's ramps, bowls, and rails. Goldenwest is also the location of Golden West College, a community college long celebrated for its academics and athletics programs among Southern California community colleges.9 Bolsa Chica This neighborhood is home to the 1,300-acre Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve, and the 3-mile- long Bolsa Chica State Beach. The reserve provides visitors with the chance to experience some of the last untouched areas of the Southern California Coast. It is the largest saltwater marsh located along coastal California between the Tijuana River Estuary and Monterrey Bay. Home to some 300 species of birds, including Bald Eagles and rare California Brown Pelicans, the reserve is a bird watchers paradise. Bolsa Chica State Beach offers approximately three miles of beach and is a perfect place to surf, camp, and enjoy nature. The state beach boasts a wide array of amenities such as fire rings, picnic areas, volleyball and basketball courts, restrooms, wheelchair accessibility, and even outdoor showers. This area is also the location of the Huntington's Dog Beach, voted the best pet friendly beach in Orange County.10 Central Park Huntington Central Park is the largest city-owned park in Orange County covering over 343.24 acres of land. This peaceful setting of open grass fields and extensive tree and flower plantings is used for various activities such as picnics, biking, playing, and strolling along the paved paths enjoying the serene atmosphere. Central Park offers plenty of activities and events all year round for all ages. Park entrances can be found on Edwards, Goldenwest, Gothard, Slater, Talbert, and Ellis Streets. Huntington Harbour Huntington Harbour is located on the northwest corner of the city bordering Seal Beach and Sunset Beach. This community was built in the 1960s and is home to five human-made islands featuring approximately 500 bayfront homes. The Harbour serves as another wonderful place in the city to enjoy the outdoors in a kayak, electric boat, or on a stand-up paddleboard.11 Beach Blvd Beach Blvd, also known as "Route 39," is the link between the sands of Huntington Beach and the freeway. This famous roadway is where you can find some of Huntington's best restaurants Goldenwest,https://www.surfcitvusa.com/about-huntington-beach/neighborhoods/goldenwest/ 10 Bolsa Chica, https://www.surfcityusa.com/about-huntington-beach/neighborhoods/bolsa-chica/ 11 Hunting Beach Harbour, https://www.surfcitvusa.com/about-huntington-beach/neighborhoods/huntington-harbour/ 20 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and bars. It is also the location of the city's most iconic historical structure, the Newland House Museum (the city's oldest and best-preserved residence).12 Sunset Beach The Sunset Beach community was annexed into the City in August 2011. Sunset Beach is an approximately 134-acre primarily residential community that stretches 1.2 miles from Seal Beach at the northwest extremity to Bolsa Chica State Beach, at the southeast. It is bordered on the southwest by the Pacific Ocean and on the northeast by the Huntington Harbour and Peter's Landing developments and is in proximity to the Bolsa Chica Wetlands and Sunset Aquatic Park. The entirety of Sunset Beach is located in the Coastal Zone. From the ocean inland, Sunset Beach is formed by six successive strips running the length of the community: the beach, the ocean front residences along South Pacific Avenue, the linear park/public parking facility between South and North Pacific Avenues, the residences along North Pacific and side streets, the mixed residential-commercial buildings on both sides of Pacific Coast Highway, and the residences on Sunset Island and adjacent to Park Avenue.13 Evacuation Routes The only major freeway directly accessible to Huntington Beach is Interstate 405, which runs near the city's northeastern border with Westminster and Fountain Valley. Interstate 405 provides access to the communities of central Orange County to the south and southern Los Angeles County, the west side of Los Angeles, and the San Fernando Valley to the north. It also provides access to most of the other major freeways in the region. The Pacific Coast Highway(State Route 1) runs along the coast the entire length of the community and provides access to the coastal communities of Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Interstate 405 is a limited-access freeway with several lanes in each direction, while the Pacific Coast Highway is a surface street with a few lanes in each direction and no access limitations. While Interstate 405 has a much greater capacity, it is also one of the most congested freeways in the country. This may lead to challenges if there is a need for a large-scale evacuation of Huntington Beach, particularly if an evacuation occurs during peak commute periods. The Pacific Coast Highway is less likely to be congested but cannot accommodate as many vehicles. It is also vulnerable to coastal hazards, such as coastal flooding and tsunamis. While not directly accessible to Huntington Beach, a number of nearby freeways such as Interstate 605, State Route 22, State Route 55, and State Route 73 can serve as evacuation routes. There are multiple surface routes in Huntington Beach that may also be used as evacuation routes. Major north-south surface streets include Springdale Street, Goldenwest Street, Beach Boulevard, Newland Street, and Magnolia Street. Key east-west routes in Huntington Beach are Edinger Avenue, Heil Avenue, Warner Avenue, Adams Avenue, and Hamilton Avenue. Infrastructure Assessment Infrastructure plays a vital role in mitigating the effects of hazard events. When infrastructure fails, it can exacerbate the extent of certain hazards or create complications for rescue workers trying to reach victims. For example, fallen utility poles, due to strong winds or seismic activity, can 12 Beach Blvd, https://www.surfcitvusa.com/about-huntington-beach/neighborhoods/beach-blvd/ "Sunset Beach Specific Plan 21 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan obstruct roadways and prevent emergency vehicles from reaching affected areas. The following are electrical, fossil fuel, hydrologic, and transportation networks of infrastructure in Huntington Beach. Electricity Huntington Beach properties receive electricity from Southern California Edison (SCE), a privately owned utility company. SCE purchases electricity from power plants throughout California and the wider western United States and delivers it to Huntington Beach through a network of power lines and facilities called substations. There are two commercial power plants in Huntington Beach, the larger of which is the natural gas-burning AES Huntington Beach facility, which supplies electricity to SCE. The other power plant is located at a wastewater treatment plant operated by the Orange County Sanitation District; it uses the gaseous by-products of wastewater treatment activities to generate electricity for its operations.14 There are two major electricity transmission lines in Huntington Beach and several smaller-scale transmission lines, all owned by SCE.15 Huntington Beach also has 11 operational substations, all owned by SCE.16 Because Huntington Beach is part of a large urban area, the electricity lines which serve the city are extensively connected to the regional network. This makes it difficult for large sections of the city to lose electricity simultaneously, as electricity could still reach Huntington Beach if individual power lines or substations are disrupted. However, a sufficient large event, such as a power shortage or an emergency situation that damages large sections of the regional electricity infrastructure, could still cause a widespread power outage throughout Huntington Beach. Natural Gas The Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) provides natural gas service in Huntington Beach. There are three high-capacity natural gas pipelines in Huntington Beach, linked to a single natural gas pipeline that runs along the coast and connects to the regional network near Dana Point. These pipelines run through large parts of the city, including Goldenwest Street, Bolsa Chica Road, Newland Street, Garfield Avenue, and Atlanta Avenue. Huntington Beach is also home to a natural gas storage facility located near the AES Huntington Beach power plant at the end of Newland Street.17 Other facilities in surrounding communities help maintain consistent pressure in natural gas pipelines and keep the natural gas flowing smoothly.Any damage to these pipelines or supporting facilities may cause natural gas outages or reductions in service in part or all of Huntington Beach. There is also a risk that a rupture in a natural gas pipeline or other containers may result in a fire or explosion, as natural gas is highly flammable and potentially combustible. Public Safety Power Shutoff The State's investor-owned utilities have general authority to shut off electric power to protect public safety under California law. Utilities exercise this authority during severe wildfire threat conditions as a preventative measure of last resort through Public Safety Power Shut-offs(PSPS). 14 California Energy Commission—California Electric Infrastructure Apo 15 Ibid. 16 Ibid. 17 SoCal Gas—Natural Gas Pipeline Map 22 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan In 2019, the City began preparation for PSPS events by understanding the potential circuits that could be impacted within the City's vicinity. These incidents typically occur during high fire threat conditions (i.e., dry conditions and strong winds) and may affect communities far away from any actively occurring fires. With several SCE circuits in the region that could be affected by future PSPS events, residents and businesses could be impacted by these events. Fossil Fuel Petroleum-based infrastructure is prolific throughout Southern California. The region's history of oil extraction has led to the development of large refineries and storage sites. The nearest refineries to Huntington Beach are located 21 miles away in the South Bay region of adjacent Los Angeles County. There are six large refineries, all located within 2.5 miles of each other, which include: • Phillips 66, Carson • Phillips 66,Wilmington • Tesoro • Tesoro-Carson • Valero,Wilmington Asphalt These refineries are some of the most productive in California, having refined, by some estimates, nearly 1.2 trillion barrels of oil since production in the area began in 1932. Kinder Morgan owns a petroleum pipeline within the city that connects the greater LA Basin to the San Diego region. Natural gas production also occurs in the Southern California region, and multiple pipelines are in and around the city. The Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) provides natural gas s• i " 1 �: � f - j� �.. gyp{ , ^l �a . „ 'e ... '� p, r✓` .eT "esi� , IiN�i'� +ti r •.[ .i- �'B`1 r r-' + 1 b p-.. r. • .. This 1926 photo shows the concentration of oil derricks north of the Huntington Beach Pier.Although the industry declined in Huntington Beach beginning in the 1950s,oil extraction continues in and around the community to this day.Image from the Orange County Archives. to Huntington Beach and surrounding jurisdictions. One transmission line bisects the city north to south and two other lines in the northwest portion of the city. If any of these lines are damaged, it could potentially interrupt the flow and delivery of natural gas to the city. Additionally, natural gas ignites very easily, and any rupture in a transmission line could damage properties in the vicinity of the leak and cause fires from the escaped natural gas. The presence of this infrastructure 23 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan creates unique challenges for the City from an emergency management perspective. The inclusion of hazards associated with damage to this infrastructure is an important element of an effective response to future incidents involving natural gas use and transmission. Water and Wastewater The City of Huntington Beach has owned and operated its own water utility since 1964 when it was purchased from the Southern California Water Company. Under the City Public Works Department, Huntington Beach Water provides water for about 201,000 residents living in the Huntington Beach area. Established in 1964, the City of Huntington Beach's water consisted of 75% local ground water and 25% imported treated surface water. The City operates eight ground water wells and three Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC) treated imported surface water connections. Huntington Beach also has emergency water connections with the neighboring cities of Fountain Valley, Seal Beach, and Westminster. The Water Division also takes an active role in local and regional water issues. The City is a member agency of the Municipal Water District of Orange County, which provides "imported" water from the Colorado River and the State Water Project via the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. In 2004, the Sewer Maintenance Section was merged with the Water Division to form the new Utilities Division of Public Works. The City of Huntington Beach has 360 miles of wastewater piping sized from 6 to 30 inches in diameter. City crews perform the maintenance and repairs necessary to keep the wastewater system operating at peak performance levels. Transportation The City of Huntington Beach has 1,121 lane miles of public streets and has easy freeway access to Los Angeles International Airport, John Wayne Orange County Airport, and Long Beach Airport. The city also offers bus service and rail freight service. Long Beach and Los Angeles ports are located less than 20 miles away from the city and provide shipping and travel services. The Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) offers a regional bus service. There are nine routes currently in Huntington Beach. Major bus lines, such as Greyhound and Trailways, also provide transportation to the area. The major highways in Huntington Beach are the Pacific Coast Highway (Highway 1) that travels along the coast connecting the beach cities, the San Diego Freeway (1-405) connecting with all other major freeways in Southern California, and Beach Boulevard (Highway 39) running directly through the heart of Huntington Beach. The Pacific Coast Highway is also a national scenic byway and one of the most unique highways in America, stretching from San Diego through Huntington Beach past San Francisco. Bordering the city and state beaches as it runs through the City of Huntington Beach, this highway is recognized by Congress in the National Scenic Byways Program of the Federal Highway Administration as an "All-American Road" and is designated as a Scenic Highway by the State of California. 24 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 3 — Risk Assessment This chapter discusses the types of hazards that might reasonably occur in Huntington Beach. It describes these hazards and how they are measured, where in Huntington Beach they may occur, a history of these hazards in and around Huntington Beach, and the future risk they pose to the city. The discussion of future risks includes changes to the frequency, intensity, and/or location of these hazards due to climate change. This chapter also discusses how the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) selected and prioritized the hazards in this Plan. Hazard Identification FEMA guidance identifies several hazards that communities should evaluate for inclusion in a hazard mitigation plan. Communities may also consider additional hazards for their plans. The HMPC reviewed an extensive list of hazards and excluded those that do not threaten Huntington Beach. Table 3-1 lists the hazards considered and explains the reasoning for inclusion/exclusion. For context, this table also shows if a hazard is recommended for consideration by FEMA, if it is included in the 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP), and if it is included in the Orange County Hazard Mitigation Plan (OC HMP). Table 3-1: Hazard Evaluation for Huntington Beach LHMP Hazard Recommended Included Reason for Inclusion or Exclusion for in Consideration LHMP? Agricultural SHMP No Huntington Beach has no agricultural uses Pests within the city that contribute to the economy. Since agricultural resources aren't present, the City has not identified pests as a hazard of concern. Air Pollution SHMP No Air pollution is a state and regional issue that is addressed through plans and regulations administered by the South Coast Air Quality Management District and/or California Air Resources Board. Aircraft Incident SHMP No Given that there is no proximity to any major airports, the HMPC determined that this hazard should not be included in the plan. Aquatic Invasive SHMP No There are no major riparian environments in Species Huntington Beach where aquatic invasive species could endanger the community. Avalanche FEMA guidance No Huntington Beach is not located within SHMP potential avalanche zones. Civil Disturbance SHMP No The HMPC determined that civil disturbances or Riot of the degree that would endanger property or life to residents do not have a large enough potential to occur and are not a hazard to the City. Climate Change SHMP Yes Climate change is discussed as a function of OC HMP each relevant hazard and is mentioned throughout the Plan. Coastal Flooding FEMA guidance Yes Huntington Beach is located along the coast of and Storm SHMP California. Coastal flooding and storms are 25 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan anticipated to impact the community. These are discussed in the coastal hazards section. Cyber Threats SHMP No The HMPC did not consider cyber threat to be a hazard of concern for the City. Dam Failure FEMA guidance Yes Huntington Beach is located in the inundation SHMP zone of Prado Dam. Due to the potential for OC HMP inundation to impact the community, the HMPC identified dam failure as a hazard of concern. Drought SHMP Yes Droughts are a recurring and potentially severe OC HMP hazard in California and affect Huntington Beach. Energy Shortage SHMP No Huntington Beach does not produce its own energy and is not at any more risk of energy shortage than the surrounding communities. Epidemic, SHMP No Huntington Beach is in Orange County, which Pandemic, has experienced several health-related Vector-Borne incidents in the past. The City, along with the Disease rest of the country, is currently responding to a global pandemic (COVID-19), which has impacted staff and resources. However, the HMPC did not identify this as a major natural hazard that is a concern to the City. Erosion (Bluff FEMA guidance Yes Erosion occurs in certain areas of the city, erosion) SHMP especially in the bluff areas. This hazard was identified as a concern and is addressed in the Coastal Hazards section. Expansive Soil FEMA guidance No Expansive soils are located within the city. While they exist, the City requires compliance with the California Building Code, which is intended to mitigate hazards associated with this condition. Extreme Cold FEMA guidance No Temperatures in Huntington Beach do not fall SHMP to a level that would be considered a danger to public safety. Extreme Heat FEMA guidance No Extreme heat has occurred in Huntington SHMP Beach, but due to its location along the coast, the HMPC decided it isn't expected to be a future recurring issue. Fault Rupture FEMA guidance Yes Splays of the Newport-Inglewood Fault are SHMP located within the City and portions are OC HMP considered Alquist-Priolo Special Study faults. As a result, the HMPC identifies fault rupture as a potential hazard of concern. Flooding FEMA guidance Yes Flooding occurs in the city during rainstorms SHMP and storms. While significant flooding events have not recently affected properties within the City, given the presence of these recurring flood hazard zones and local ponding, the HMPC indicates the potential for future flooding hazards. Fracking SHMP No Fracking does not occur in Huntington Beach. 26 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Hail FEMA guidance No Hail that is severe enough to pose a threat to people and property is too rare in Huntington Beach to be included. Hazardous SHMP Yes The presence of uses storing, manufacturing, Materials release disposing, and transporting hazardous materials was identified as a concern for the HMPC. In addition, several major roadways, transecting the city allow for the transport of these materials that could endanger the community if a release into the environment were to occur. Hurricane FEMA guidance No Hurricanes do not occur in Huntington Beach. SHMP Infrastructure SHMP No While Infrastructure failure can pose a threat to Failure people and property in Huntington Beach, the HMPC did not feel that it was a standalone hazard of concern. However, a discussion of infrastructure failure is discussed as a function of other hazards where appropriate. Landslide FEMA guidance No There are minimal areas within the city that are SHMP prone to slope instability and no known active landslides of concern. Given this low potential for landslide hazards, the HMPC removed landslide as a hazard of concern in this update to the LHMP. Levee Failure SHMP No Levees are not located within the city. Based on this, the HMPC did not identify levee failure as a hazard of concern. Lightning FEMA guidance No Although lightning occasionally occurs in Huntington Beach, it does not pose a significant threat to people or property. Liquefaction FEMA guidance Yes According to mapping prepared by the SHMP California Geological Survey, portions of the OC HMP city are located within liquefaction-prone areas. Methane- OC HMP Yes The city does have methane-containing soils containing Soils that pose a threat to the public health and safety of residents and businesses. Further discussion of this is provided in the Methane- Containing Soils hazards profile. Natural Gas SHMP No There are natural gas pipelines running Pipeline Hazards through Huntington Beach that could pose a danger to people and property if they were to breach and release their contents into the community. However, The HMPC felt this was not a hazard of concern, Oil Spills SHMP Yes There is a history of oil drilling and extraction within the city and around the city. There have been several oil spills that have impacted the City Huntington Beach which have caused damage to the environment and wildlife. Power Failure No Given the lack of prior events that have occurred in the city and the threat of future power loss, the HMPC determined that power failure should not be addressed. 27 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Radiological SHMP No There are no known major sources of radiation Accidents in Huntington Beach or the immediate surrounding area that could pose a serious threat to the community. Sea-level Rise FEMA guidance Yes Given the proximity to the coast, the presence SHMP of low-lying areas like the Bolsa Chica Preserve, Huntington Harbour, and Sunset Beach, sea-level rise is a hazard of concern to the City. It is discussed in the coastal hazards section of the plan. Seiche FEMA guidance No There are no major bodies of water in SHMP Huntington Beach that could be subjected to seiche. Seismic Shaking FEMA guidance Yes Huntington Beach is in a seismically active SHMP area where shaking can be severe enough to OC HMP damage property or cause loss of life. For this reason, the HMPC determined it should be addressed in this plan. Severe Wind FEMA guidance Yes Severe Weather includes discussions regarding severe wind, and rain, which are weather-related hazards that are most common in Huntington Beach. Severe Weather FEMA guidance Yes Severe Weather includes discussions and Storms SHMP regarding severe wind, tornados, and rain, OC HMP which are weather-related hazards that are most common in Huntington Beach. Storm Surge FEMA guidance No Huntington Beach is a coastal community. Storm surge is discussed in the severe weather section. Subsidence FEMA guidance Yes The City has monitored subsidence for over 20 years and has not experienced any impacts associated with this hazard. As a result, the HMPC determined that subsidence is no longer a hazard of concern that should be addressed in the LHMP. Terrorism SHMP Yes The city receives a significant number of visitors annually that could increase the potential for terrorism events that could cause mass-casualties. Based on this the HMPC included terrorism under the Human-Caused Hazards profile. Thunderstorm SHMP No Thunderstorms that cause damage and endanger public safety are rare in the Southern California region. Tornadoes FEMA guidance Yes Tornadoes are known to have occurred in SHMP Huntington Beach and are discussed in the severe weather section. Transportation SHMP No Due to the presence of major freeways and Accidents roadways in and around Huntington Beach, transportation accidents could endanger public safety. However, this was not a hazard of concern to the HMPC. Tree Mortality SHMP No The HMPC did not feel that tree mortality was a concern for the city and its tree inventory. 28 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Tsunami FEMA guidance Yes Huntington Beach is a coastal community and SHMP is located in a tsunami inundation zone, which is covered in the Coastal Hazards profile. Urban Fire SHMP No The HMPC did not identify urban fires as a OC HMP major risk to property and life in Huntington Beach. Volcano SHMP No There are no volcanoes near Huntington Beach to reasonably pose a threat. Wildfire FEMA guidance No While there are areas like the Bolsa Chica SHMP Preserve and Central Park which have large amounts of landscaping, the City isn't concerned about wildfires as a major hazard to the community After hazard evaluation and the organizational changes made by the Committee, this Plan discusses eight broad hazard types with their respective sub-categories: HAZARD TYPE SUB-CATEGORIES Seismic Hazards Seismic Shaking, Fault Rupture, Liquefaction Drought Coastal Hazards Bluff Erosion, Sea-level Rise, Tsunami Flood Severe Weather High Winds/Windstorms, Tornado Human-Caused Hazards Terrorism, Hazardous Materials Release Methane-Containing Soils Dam Failure Hazard Scoring and Prioritization The Committee followed FEMA guidance for hazard mitigation plans and prioritized each of the seven hazards. In the initial step, it assigned a score of 1 to 4 for each of the seven hazards. The four criteria are: Probability: The likelihood that the hazard will occur in Huntington Beach in the future. Location: The size of the area that the hazard would affect. Maximum probable extent: The severity of the direct damage of the hazard to Huntington Beach. Secondary impacts: The severity of indirect damage of the hazard to Huntington Beach. The Committee assigned a weighting value to each criterion, giving a higher weight to the criteria deemed more important, and multiplied the score for each criterion by weighing the factor to 29 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan determine the overall score for each criterion. The weighting values were recommended by FEMA: • Probability: 2.0 • Location: 0.8 • Maximum probable extent: 0.7 • Secondary impacts: 0.5 Table 3-2 shows the Criterion Scoring used to assign a score for each criterion. Table 3-2: Criterion Scoring Probability Maximum Probably Extent(Primary Impact) The estimated likelihood of occurrence is based The anticipated damage to a typical structure in the on historical data. community. Probability Score Impact Score Unlikely—less than a 1 percent chance 1 Weak—little to no damage 1 each year. Occasional—a 1 to 10 percent chance 2 Moderate—some damage, loss of service 2 each year. for days Likely—a 10 to 90 percent chance each 3 Severe—devastating damage, loss of 3 year. service for months Highly likely—more than a 90 percent 4 Extreme—catastrophic damage, 4 chance each year. uninhabitable conditions Location Secondary Impact The projected area of the community affected by The estimated secondary impacts to the the hazard. community at large. Affected Area Score Impact Score Negligible—affects less than 10 percent 1 Negligible—no loss of function, downtime, 1 of the planning area. and/or evacuations Limited—affects 10 to 25 percent of the 2 Limited—minimal loss of functions, 2 planning area. downtime, and/or evacuations Significant—affects 25 to 75 percent of 3 Moderate—some loss of functions, 3 the planning area. downtime, and/or evacuations Extensive—affects more than 75 percent 4 High—major loss of functions, downtime, 4 of the planning area. and/or evacuations After calculating the total impact score for each # e , hazard (sum of the location, maximum probable extent, and the secondary impact). FEMA x ," guidance recommends multiplying the total impact score by the overall probability to determine the final score for each hazard. A final - score between 0 and 12 is considered a low- threat hazard, 12.1 to 42 is a medium-threat hazard, and a score above 42 is considered a high-threat hazard. This final score determines the prioritization of the hazards. Table 3-3 shows Earthquakes are high priority hazards because they are each hazard's individual criterion scores, final likely to happen, affect a wide area, and can be very score, and threat level based on the above damaging.Source Image.LA Times. prioritization process. 30 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 3-3: Hazard Scores and Threat Level Hazard Probability Location Primary Secondary Total Threat Type* Impact Impacts Score Level Seismic 4 4 4 4 g Hazards' (Highly Likely) (Extensive) (Extreme) (High) 64.0 Hi h Drought (Highly Likely) (Extensive) (Moderate) (Limited) 48.8 High Coastal 3 3 3 4 Hazards' (Likely) (Significant) (Severe) (High) 39.0 Medium Flood 3 3 3 3 (Likely) (Significant) (Severe) (Moderate) 36.0 Medium Severe 3 4 2 2 Weather' (Likely) (Extensive) (Moderate) (Limited) 33.6 Medium Human- Caused 3 2 2 2 Hazards4 (Likely) (Limited) (Moderate) (Limited) 24.0 Medium Methane 3 2 2 2 Containing 24.0 Medium Soils (Likely) (Limited) (Moderate) (Limited) Dam Failure 1 4 4 4 16.0 Medium (Unlikely) (Extensive) (Extreme) (High) *Climate Change considerations discussed as appropriate within this hazard. 1 Seismic Hazards includes: Fault Rupture,Seismic Shaking,Liquefaction 2 Coastal Hazards includes: Bluff Erosion,Fault Rupture,Liquefaction 3 Severe Weather includes: High Winds/Windstorm,Tornado 4 Human-Caused Hazards includes:Terrorism, Haz Materials Release Hazard Profiles Seismic Hazards Seismic hazards of concern in Huntington Beach include fault rupture, seismic shaking, and liquefaction. DESCRIPTIOt; ULT RUP7., Fault rupture is the rapid ground movement along a boundary between two different sections of the earth's surface, known as a fault. The earth's surface is made up of large pieces called tectonic plates moving very slowly around the planet, generally no faster than a few inches each year. As the plates grind past each other, they occasionally "stick" together due to friction, causing stress to accumulate. Eventually, the stress becomes high enough to overcome the friction holding the plates together, releasing the plates and causing them to skid quickly past each other. This sudden movement is called a fault rupture, which sets off the ground shaking that is perceived as an earthquake. At times, the fault rupture causes a physical displacement of land at the surface as land on either side of the fault moves past itself, creating a hazardous situation. Not all fault rupture events cause visible surface displacement. Such events that do not cause discernable movement along the fault are known as "blind thrust" events. 31 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Faults occur at the physical boundary ._ between plates and in a much wider area around the plate boundary due to the — r „ constant deformation of plates and the accumulation of stress, which cause fault lines to appear far from the actual _ r = j boundary. Most of California sits on the North American plate, although the coastal `�� ' � areas south of San Francisco lie on the � x�" Pacific plate. The movement of these two plates is responsible for California's frequent seismic activity. The main e R boundary between the two plates is the San Andreas fault, but fault lines are found ,ti in many parts of the state, sometimes more than 200 miles from the main The San Andreas fault, clearly visible in this aerial view, is the largest fault in the state. However, there are numerous boundary. other faults in California that can cause severe seismic Fault ruptures can cause displacement activity. Image from Doc Sears. vertically (a dip-slip fault), horizontally (a strike-slip fault), or both (an oblique-slip fault), depending on the type of fault involved. The San Andreas fault, for example, is primarily a strike-slip fault, and so its fault rupture events usually cause land on one side of the boundary to move right or left relative to the other side. This physical shearing of the land can cause potentially severe damage in the immediate area of the fault. One side of a building may be "torn" from the other side, causing structural instability and potential collapse. Fault rupture events can damage roads and utility lines that span the fault. A dip-slip or oblique-slip fault that occurs underwater can qualify as a displacement event that creates a tsunami (see the Coastal Hazards discussion for more details on tsunamis). Fault ruptures can be measured in multiple ways, including the length of the rupture and the size of the displacement (called the slip). When a fault ruptures, movement occurs along a section of the fault. In some instances, hundreds of miles may rupture in a single event. The strongest earthquake in recorded history, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake in Chile, ruptured along a distance of approximately 620 miles.18 The size of the slip refers to how far land on one side of the fault moves relative to the other side. The largest slip recorded was the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, with an estimated slip of 164 feet (by contrast, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake slipped an estimated 98 to 131 feet).19 Seismic shaking is the actual shaking which results from a fault rupture and is the hazard that is most commonly associated with an earthquake. The severity of an earthquake is a factor of several different components, including the amount of energy released by the rupture, the length of the rupture, and the depth at which the rupture occurs (a rupture deeper in the fault generally causes less severe ground shaking than a shallower rupture). Generally, ground shaking is most 18"Historic Earthquakes:The Largest Earthquake in the World." http://earthguake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1960 05 22.php. t9 Lee,J.J.2013."The 2011 Japan Tsunami Was Caused by Largest Fault Slip Ever Recorded."National Geographic,December 7. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/the-2011-iapan-tsunami-was-caused-bv-largest-fault-slip-ever-recorded. 32 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan severe at the epicenter(the place above where the earthquake began, known as the hypocenter) and decreases with distance, although this is not always the case. The geology of the affected area also plays a role in the severity of ground shaking. For example, firm bedrock will typically experience less shaking than loose rocks and soil. Depending on the seismic waves produced by the earthquake, ground shaking may be up and down, side to side, or a rolling motion. Seismic shaking is the primary hazard in an earthquake. The shaking can damage or destroy buildings and structures, roads and railways, and utility-related infrastructure, potentially causing injury or death. Seismic shaking can set off a wide range of other hazards, either directly by the force of the earthquake or indirectly by causing damage that in turn creates emergency situations. These secondary hazards can include fires (from broken gas mains), floods and sinkholes (from broken water infrastructure), hazardous material releases, and landslides, among others. Although California has seen substantially fewer earthquakes than floods or fires, earthquakes are generally far more damaging than most other emergency situations as measured by individual events.20 The severity of a seismic shaking event is measured in two ways: the intensity and the magnitude. Intensity is commonly measured using the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. It is based on the damage caused by the seismic shaking and other effects of an earthquake and is not an objective measurement. It uses Roman numerals and ranges on a scale of I (instrumental) to XII (catastrophic). Table 3-4 shows the MMI scale. The magnitude of the earthquake reflects the amount of energy released by the earthquake when the fault rupture occurs. It is a mathematical measurement from seismic monitoring stations. Magnitude is measured using the moment magnitude scale (MMS, denoted as Mw or M).21 The weakest earthquakes have an Mw of 1.0, with the numbers increasing with the strength of the earthquake. The MMS is what is known as a logarithmic scale, meaning that the difference in strength between two earthquakes is much larger than the difference in their measurements. For example, a T 6.0 Mw earthquake releases 1,089 times as much �4 ,•, ;` , '° energy as a 4.0 Mw earthquake, and 1.4 times as " '' �� �` , , much energy as a 5.9 Mw earthquake. The strongest ., recorded earthquake, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake in .,. w� 0" ,„4 , �- ,. 3 Chile, measured 9.5 on the MMS.22 «� '* `�` =a • ►,+ ,gyp � ?< ' Liquefaction occurs when loosely packed sandy or silty , t°,+ ��� materials that are saturated with water are shaken #'' w hard enough to cause them to temporarily behave like Liquefaction caused by the 1964 Niigita,Japan a fluid. Liquefied soils potentially cause damage to any earthquake caused these apartment blocks to exbuilding foundations that rest on the soil. The liquefied University of Washington Image from the soil may also buckle any structures that lie on or in it, 20 Cal OES(California Office of Emergency Services).California State Hazard Mitigation Plan.https://www.caloes.ca.gov/cal-oes- divisions/hazard-mitigation/hazard-mitigation-planning/state-hazard-mitigation-plan 21 The popular press will still sometimes report earthquake magnitude using the Richter scale,which technically is no longer actively used,as it is less accurate when measuring large earthquakes.The MMS uses similar measurements to the Richter scale(USGS 2002). 22 There is no definitive upper limit for earthquakes.Scientists estimate that if the largest continuous band of faults on the planet ruptured at once, it would produce an earthquake of approximately 10.0 Mw. 33 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan such as roads, railways, or utility lines. The risk of liquefaction depends largely on the height of the groundwater table and the composition of the soil. Table 3-4 Modified Mercalli Scale Intensity Description Effects Instrumental Not felt by people, except by a very few under especially favorable conditions. II Feeble Felt by only a few people at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings. III Slight Felt noticeably by people indoors, especially on upper floors, but not always recognized as an earthquake. IV Moderate Felt indoors by many and outdoors by a few. Sleeping people may be awakened. Dishes, windows, and doors disturbed. V Slightly strong Felt by nearly everyone, many sleeping people awakened. Some dishes and windows broken, and unstable objects overturned. VI Strong Felt by all. Some heavy furniture moved. Slight damage. VII Very Strong Negligible damage in well-built buildings, slight to moderate damage in ordinary structures, considerable damage in poorly built buildings. Slight damage in well-built buildings, considerable damage and partial VIII Destructive collapse in ordinary structures, great damage in poorly built buildings. Considerable damage in specially designed structures. Great damage IX Ruinous and partial collapse in substantial buildings. Buildings shifted off foundations. X Disastrous Most masonry and frame structures and foundations destroyed, some well-built wood structures destroyed. Rails bent. XI Very disastrous Few, if any, masonry structures remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Rails greatly bent. XII Catastrophic Total damage. Lines of slight and level are distorted. Objects thrown into the air. Source:"Magnitude/Intensity Comparison."http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/mag_vs_int.php. LOCATION AND EXTENT Fault rupture affects areas immediately adjacent to the fault in question. As a result, only faults that run through Huntington Beach are at risk of creating a fault rupture hazard in the community, although fault rupture in neighboring communities may cause indirect damage or challenges for Huntington Beach. The only known fault in Huntington Beach is the Newport- Inglewood fault, which extends from Santa Monica to Newport Beach, and then continues offshore as far south as Oceanside. The last major rupture of this fault (the 1933 Long Beach earthquake) did not cause any surface rupture.23 Figure 3-1 shows regional fault lines and their location relative to Huntington Beach. zs SCEDC(Southern California Earthquake Data Center)"Significant Earthquakes and Faults:Fault Name Index." htto://scedc.caltech.edu/sionificant/fault-index.html. 34 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 3-1: Regional Fault Lines in and Around Huntington Beach 'fit 1 T 5 - , __,.._ _____ m City Of m 1.--"-"N": � City of Seal Beach !''�= Westminster a Bolsa Ave ,� J --7 m �r` .x McFadden o . O '.�•ti, o° Ave m a 5 3 m \� -.:; -" Edinger Ave ` Huntington • I it` bow , ., > 11.11MHeil Ave `@ " i� City of •, s �e'• Fountain Valley w 7 `-• We -r Ave IM. d �, A, 1 Slater Ave So Cosh k,. I Ao'1 % :ors. Ica ��� 20 — .Talbert Ave / '� 4 eila .io>' 0G/� `,�'$, _� Ellis m �J4 .`c = Ave c t z U'i 7 0 o- ,� ` Garfield Ave ikr . . �,_�1111.- Yorldown Ave %•.` �� Adams Ave .ny� �,'. Aa A jr �1 , `\ e9` �• Gam140„ Indianapolis Ave A is yti Ar. .Ave 9� / 'Hamilton Ave a 4% 0 e e' gc y. /enning Av- dik / )., j City of O �� �, Costa Mesa T 0 ,„ At, 8� sti o 0 LEGEND oar'' 00 Alquist-Prido Fault Zones g —Other Fault Zones a'ob Major City Streets --- City Limits Open Water Marsh n w,�J"_i{,E 0 0.5 1 I 1 I MILES Data Source:USGS March 2022 Base Map Source:City of Huntington Beach(2022) 35 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Like large sections of California, Huntington Beach sits in a seismically active area, and so may be exposed to seismic shaking from numerous different earthquake events. While many small faults in the area or large faults a greater distance away may produce minor ground shaking, there is a more limited number of faults that could create more substantial ground shaking in the community. Table 3-5 describes the major faults in the vicinity of Huntington Beach. Note that other faults not included in the above table may still be capable of generating significant ground shaking in Huntington Beach. This includes faults that have not yet been discovered or analyzed. Parts of Huntington Beach sit on soil that is prone to liquefaction. The liquefaction risk is highest in the Sunset Beach and Huntington Harbour neighborhoods, along the coast, and the lowland areas inland of the Bolsa Chica wetlands. However, most of the low-lying inland areas of Huntington Beach are also within areas of high to very high liquefaction potential, and the northern edges of the two mesas are in a zone of medium to high liquefaction potential. Only the two mesas themselves have a low risk of liquefaction.24 Figure 3-2 shows the liquefaction potential in the community. Table 3-5: Major Faults Near Huntington Beach Fault Distance to Length Maximum Last Major Interval Huntington (miles) Probable Rupture Between Major Beach (miles) Earthquake(Mw) t Ruptures Newport- Inglewood 0 47 6.0—7.4 1933 Unknown Fault San Joaquin Hills Fault 5 12 Unknown Unknown Unknown Palos Verdes 10 50 6.0—7.0+ Past 10,000 Unknown Fault years Puente Hills 15 25 7.2—7.4 Past 11,000 Unknown Fault years Whittier Fault 20 25 6.0—7.2 Past 10,000 Unknown years Elsinore Fault 26 112 6.5—7.5 1910 250 years San Jacinto Fault 49 131 6.5—7.5 1968 100—300 years San Andreas 53 800+ 6.8—8 1906 140—300+ Fault Years $ For faults not within Huntington Beach,as measured from downtown to the nearest part of the fault. t The maximum probable earthquake is the largest earthquake that the fault would reasonably be expected to produce but is not necessarily the largest earthquake that the fault is capable of generating. t The San Andreas fault is divided into multiple sections,each of which experience different rupture intervals. Sources:McFarling 2003;SCEDC(Southern California Earthquake Data Center).2013a."Significant Earthquakes and Faults: Fault Name Index."http://scedc.caltech.edu/significant/fault-index.html. 24 Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Natural and Environmental Hazards. https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/files/users/planning/Volume-I-Technical-Background-Report.odf 36 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 3-2: Liquefaction Potential in Huntington Beach 1. . Ar A � e % 5 Boise Ave v Ck 1.:. 3 J '.es .. r Y McFadden _ jii linim Mir I Ednger Ave I I Harfiour Hell Av , Pill 1 Miiinui OM \ ' A' ,._ ' —1----- , , Ave r lain• r. lid Bo r3o CRco �' - Ave _ we/antis a0u Ellis ::-6 rasaAve o II .= yr• O alm ° Garfield Ave show d i III lir 10 ...‹) 011.111 9 c�5 \'�� P1Wr � Yorktown Ave Co be 4401�a ♦ '.:.-.,....,Ave 111 �. 1 e III �f Indiana oils Ave • 5` taAve b• y 0 ^y e.5` 'amilton Ave AO' ee> O 0i,a O 0°4 a o. Ave o LEGEND a 4"s� 0„5` City of Major City Streets 0 5, 5` osta Mes-, ---- City Limits q� �/ S ME Liquefaction Zones f) e6- ry 0 0.5 1 W ue E I I r l J MILES s ease Map Source.City of Burlington Beath Data Source:Seismic Hazards Progam.carom Geoloocal Survey,California Department of Conservaron 37 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan PAST EVENTS The only known fault in Huntington Beach is the Newport-Inglewood fault. While it is not considered a blind thrust fault,25 there is no historical evidence of surface rupture occurring on the Newport-Inglewood fault.26 However, a number of major earthquake events in the wider Southern California region have caused surface rupture. The largest event near Huntington Beach was the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, a 6.5 Mw event approximately 56 miles from downtown Huntington Beach, which caused a maximum combined (vertical and horizontal) surface fault rupture of 6 feet and 7 inches.27 More recently and closer to the City, a 5.1 Mw earthquake occurred in La Habra in 2014. This event caused fault rupturing adjacent to but not directly on the Puente Hills and Whither faults.28 Most recently, a significant swarm of earthquakes in the Ridgecrest area occurred on July 4th and 5th, 2019. Three tremors ranging from 5.4 to 7.1 Mw occurred within the Eastern California shear zone, a region of distributed faulting associated with motion across the Pacific-North America plate boundary and an area of high seismic hazard.29 The largest earthquake in Huntington Beach's recorded history was the 1933 Long Beach earthquake, which occurred on the Newport-Inglewood fault. The - earthquake measured 6.4 Mw with an '� 'p epicenter approximately 2 miles south of the Huntington Beach Pier. Most of the damage to Huntington Beach occurred in the downtown area along Main Street, including extensive damage to unreinforced masonry structures. The earthquake killed 115 people, although no deaths were reported in Huntington The 1994 Northridge earthquake was one of the most Beach. Ground shaking also caused damaging natural disasters in American history. While extensive damage to oil derricks in the Huntington Beach escaped significant harm, damage to area.3o,31 The MMI of the 1933 earthquake regional infrastructure, such as freeways, caused in Huntington Beach is estimated at VIII.32 hardship throughout the area. Image from FEMA (FEMA News Photo) 25 SCEDC(Southern California Earthquake Data Center).2013a."Significant Earthquakes and Faults:Fault Name Index." http://scedc.caltech.edu/sicinificant/fault-index.html. 26 Dolan,J.F.,E.M.Gath,L.B.Grant,M.Legg,S.Lindvall,K.Mueller,M.Oskin,et al.2001.Active Faults in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Region.http://scecinfo.usc.edu/research/special/SCEC001activefaultsLA.pdf. 27 Grantz,A,1971.The San Fernando,California Earthquake of February 9, 1971.http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0733/report.pdf. 26 Graves,R.,et al.n.d."What We Know(and Don't Know)about the M5.1 La Habra Earthquake." http://nsm.fullerton.edu/frackinq/images/Frack/Graves - USGS.pdf. 29 United States Geological Survey.2020.M 7.1 -2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence Overview https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci3144585/executive 30 2012 Hazard Mitigation Plan:City of Huntington Beach 31 SCEDC(Southern California Earthquake Data Center"Significant Earthquakes and Faults:Chronological Earthquake Index." http://scedc.caltech.edu/significant/chron-index.html. 32 CGS(California Geological Survey)."1933 Long Beach Earthquake." http://www.conservation.ca.crov/ms/News/paqes/longbeach.aspx. 38 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Huntington Beach has also experienced seismic shaking from a number of other earthquakes, although the effects of these events have been substantially less than the 1933 earthquake. Table 3-6 lists all earthquakes at least 5.5 Mw that have occurred within 100 miles of Huntington Beach. Some large events farther away, as well as smaller events close to the city, may also have caused ground shaking in the community. Table 3-6: Significant Earthquakes (5.5+Mw) Within 100 Miles of Huntington Beach Event Name Distance(Miles)* Magnitude 1994 Northridge earthquake 49 6.7 1992 Big Bear earthquake 77 6.4 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake 99 6.1 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake 41 5.8 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake 28 5.9 1986 North Palm Springs earthquake 83 5.6 1980 White Wash earthquake 86 5.5 1971 San Fernando earthquake(Sylmar earthquake) 57 6.5 1948 Desert Hot Springs earthquake 95 6.0 1933 Long Beach earthquake 2 6.4 1923 North San Jacinto Fault earthquake 49 6.3 1918 San Jacinto earthquake 65 6.8 1910 Elsinore earthquake 32 6.0 1899 San Jacinto Fault earthquake 68 6.5 1899 Cajon Pass earthquake 50 5.7 1812 Wrightwood earthquake Approximately 53 7.5 `The magnitude of earthquakes prior to 1920 are reported using the Richter Local Magnitude scale. The magnitude of all more recent events is given in MMS. Source:SCEDC 2013b 39 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan LIQUEFAC Liquefaction occurred in Huntington Beach - as a result of the 1933 Long Beach h_1-_r1-1 i i l ! ,° earthquake. Sand boils (eruptions of sand and water out of the ground that occur due to ° `sue liquefaction) were reported throughout Huntington Beach and in the wider region. A photo taken shortly after the earthquake shows extensive damage to the Warner Avenue bridge over Bolsa Bay.33 Other t �„is ` °� earthquakes in the region have also caused k } liquefaction events, including the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1971 San Liquefaction from the 1933 earthquake caused Fernando earthquake; however, liquefaction significant damage to roadways near Sunset Beach. Image from USGS. did not occur in Huntington Beach as a result of these events. RISK OF FUTURE EVENTS The risk of future surface fault rupture events in Huntington Beach is uncertain. The Newport- Inglewood fault runs through the community and is believed capable of causing surface rupture, but there is no evidence of surface rupture occurring on this fault from any previous earthquake events. While there remains a possibility that surface fault rupture will occur in the future in Huntington Beach, there is no historical precedent for it. Huntington Beach has experienced numerous ground shaking events from earthquakes in the past and will almost certainly continue to experience such hazards. The proximity of several major fault lines makes it inevitable that Huntington Beach will be affected by a major earthquake in future years. The Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3), released in 2015, estimates the odds through 2044 that a substantive earthquake will occur on various faults. Table 3-7 shows the results of this forecast for the major faults near Huntington Beach. While the UCERF3 shows the odds of various-sized earthquakes on individual faults, the USGS has prepared numerous scenarios showing the potential severity of different earthquake events. There are 38 different earthquake scenarios for faults near Huntington Beach that could generate significant ground shaking in the community, measuring at least VI on all locations in the city. Table 3-8 shows a sample of these scenarios. The UCERF3 and the USGS forecasting scenarios show that, while the San Andreas fault has the greatest chance of causing a significant earthquake in the next 30 years, its distance from Huntington Beach means that the community is less likely to experience substantial damage from such an event. While the Newport-Inglewood fault is one of the least likely to cause a major earthquake event in the region, a major earthquake on this fault could cause widespread damage Ziony,J.I. 1985.Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region—An Earth-Science Perspective. books.google.com/books7id=avEcAQAAMAAJ8,pq=PR1#v=onepaqe&a&f=false 40 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan in Huntington Beach, with an intensity as high as IX (Ruinous) on the MMI. It should be noted that more distant earthquakes that do not directly cause major damage to Huntington Beach may still cause significant regional disruptions, such as interruptions to transportation and utility networks that may affect Huntington Beach community members. Table 3-7: Earthquake Probabilities for Major Faults near Huntington Beach (2015-2044) Fault Distance 6.7+ Mw 7.0+ Mw 7.5+ Mw 8.0+ Mw (Miles) Newport-Inglewood Fault 0 0.79% 0.71% 0.28% Negligible San Joaquin Hills Fault 5 0.78% 0.35% 0.15% Negligible Palos Verdes Fault 10 2.67% 2.37% 0.92% Negligible Puente Hills Fault 15 1.01% 0.76% 0.29% <0.01% Whittier Fault 20 1.64% 1.47% 0.81% <0.01% Elsinore Fault 26 3.83% 1.95% 1.02% <0.01% San Jacinto Fault 49 6.52% 6.26% 5.15% 2.63% San Andreas Fault (southern segment) 53 22.44% 20.00% 18.53% 6.81 Note: UCERF3 presents odds of fault rupture by individual fault segment.The odds presented here are the highest odds given for any segment. Source: USGS 2015b Table 3-8: Selected Earthquake Scenarios Magnitude Distance of Epicenter MMI in Huntington Fault (Mw) (Miles) Beach Newport-Inglewood 6.9 11 VIII — IX Fault 7.0 15 VI —VII 7.2 1 VIII Palos Verdes Fault 7.1 17 VII —VIII Whittier Fault 6.8 21 VI —VII Elsinore Fault 7.3 27 VI 7.7 125 VI —VII San Jacinto Fault 7.7 49 VI 7.8 96 VI San Andreas Fault 7.9 70 VI 8.0 100 VI Source: USGS 2011b 41 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan An additional concern for a future , ^`? G J Scenario ShakeMap:Magnitude 7.5 earthquake in Huntington Beach is the risk of widespread urban fires. A � ; taiR Iit� r ' significant earthquake could sever v. _, ,, �� a > D� CEN ite natural gas pipes, including the large 0. �',�,� _ °A' transmission pipes that run through the 7'��^Pl r �i;.ti'� NILAND city, causing natural gas to leak and SAN CLEVENTEIS. • � •�• i",T, ��r.� SRALNLEY creating an ignition hazard. These types j, 'r ; � of earthquake-related fires have occurred r � ' ". • previouslyin California, including in the ►� ; r, 1906 earthquake and subsequent fire • +� x` that destroyed much of San Francisco. mien ENSEVADA; `. . . Smaller-scale fires from ruptured natural — o nh gas lines have also occurred after large WEAK STRONG earthquakes closer to Huntington Beach, An earthquake occurring a significant distance from Huntington including in the 1971 San Fernando Beach could still cause very damaging shaking, as seen in this earthquake and the 1994 Northridge map showing shaking intensity from a hypothetical Mw 7.5 earthquake. An earthquake may also earthquake on the Newport- Inglewood Fault with an epicenter near San Diego. Such an event would cause shaking of MMI VIII rupture water tanks or pipes (causing to IX in Huntington Beach(USGS 2011b). floods) or rupture hazardous material storage containers. Given that liquefaction has previously occurred in Huntington Beach and the high liquefaction potential of the soil in much of the city, it is very likely that the risks of liquefaction will continue into the future. A fault rupture on the Newport-Inglewood fault appears most likely to cause liquefaction in the community, based on historical events and the fact that earthquakes on the Newport-Inglewood fault are most likely to cause major ground shaking in Huntington Beach. However, the risk of this happening by 2044 remains low given the relatively small chances of a major earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood fault within this time period, as estimated by the UCERF3. Earthquakes on other nearby faults, such as the San Joaquin Hills and Palos Verdes faults, may also generate sufficiently strong ground shaking to cause liquefaction in Huntington Beach, although the odds of significant earthquakes on these faults are also low (however, notably, the Palos Verdes fault has a higher chance of significant fault rupture by 2044 than other nearby faults). More distant faults, such as the San Jacinto and San Andreas faults, are much more likely to cause earthquakes within the next few decades, but their distance from Huntington Beach means that these earthquakes are less likely to generate the significant ground shaking that could cause major liquefaction. 42 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS Generally, there is no known direct connection between fault rupturing and climate change. Some evidence suggests that greater oceanic pressure on tectonic plates as a result of melting land ice could influence the behavior of seismic events, but there is little to indicate that this would play a major factor in any seismic event, including fault rupturing. There is no direct link between climate change and seismic activity that could impact Huntington Beach, so climate change is not expected to cause any changes to the frequency or intensity of seismic shaking. While climate change is likely to cause more frequent and severe droughts, affecting groundwater table levels that in turn could affect the severity of sei shaking, such a link is tenuous and uncertain, and any effect would likely be very minor. Some research indicates that climate change could result in "isostatic rebounds," or a sudden upward movement of the crust as a result of reduced downward weight caused by glaciers. As glaciers are known to melt when overall global temperatures increase, climate change could indirectly lead to increased seismicity in Southern California.34 While climate change may not impact seismic shaking, it can directly impact liquefication. Climate change is anticipated to change the usual precipitation patterns in Southern California. Periods of both rain and drought are anticipated to become more intense and frequent. This means that more precipitation will likely occur during rainy periods, and drought is expected to last even longer. As a result, the water table in Huntington Beach could rise during intense periods of precipitation. Alternatively, a longer-lasting drought may lead to more groundwater withdrawal and could lower the water table. Therefore, climate change could increase or decrease the risk of liquefaction in Huntington Beach, depending on the circumstances. Prolonged droughts can decrease groundwater levels if additional water extraction occurs, decreasing the liquefaction potential. While an increase in precipitation intensity and frequency could increase groundwater levels, potentially increasing liquefaction potential. Drought DESCRIPTION A drought is a long-term water shortage, often leading to a decline in available water supplies caused by an extended period of time with little or no precipitation. In urban areas, droughts can cause property damage to landscaping, weakening or killing plants that require higher amounts of precipitation, particularly if communities implement increases in water rates or restrictions in water use that make irrigation infeasible or illegal. Increases in water rates can cause economic hardship for some low-income persons or individuals working in industries that use large amounts of water. Severe droughts can create a human health risk if water conservation strategies are unable to sufficiently reduce water use and if no alternative source of water is available. Droughts can cause a variety of indirect impacts. Soil can dry out due to lack of precipitation, causing it to become harder and less permeable. When precipitation eventually occurs, the dry 34 Masih,A.January 2018."An Enhanced Seismic Activity Observed Due to Climate Change:Preliminary Results from Alaska."IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science.doi:10.1088/1755-1315/167/1/012018. httos://iooscience.ioo.ora/article/10.1088/1755-1315/167/1/012018/pdf 43 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan soil may not absorb water as easily, which can cause increased water runoff and ponding that result in flooding. The dry soil may lose some of its strength, making it more susceptible to erosion and landslides. Dry vegetation is also more flammable, which can increase the risk of fires. Unlike many other hazards discussed in this Plan, drought conditions develop over a long period of time. It often takes multiple years of reduced precipitation before a drought officially develops, and drought conditions may persist for years. Droughts often affect a wide region and may affect an entire state or group of states. However, the specific effects of a drought can vary based on local conditions, including land uses, soil types, and water supply systems, and so two communities fairly close to each other may be affected by drought in different ways. As droughts affect water supplies, it is possible for a community to be affected by a drought not physically present in the community itself. For example, if a city receives its water from mountains hundreds of miles away, the city will be affected if drought conditions develop in the mountains, even if precipitation levels are above normal in the city itself. There are multiple rating scales for drought conditions. The US Drought Monitor Classification Scheme combines many of these scales into a single index. Table 3-9 shows this rating system. LOCATION AND EXTENT As droughts are large-scale regional hazard events, the severity of any drought will be equal across Huntington Beach, and drought conditions will not be substantially more or less severe in any single part of the community compared to the rest of the city. However,the effects of droughts may vary by neighborhood, depending on the ability of residents and businesses to adapt to drought conditions. The limited agricultural operations in Huntington Beach may also be affected. The City of Huntington Beach is the water supplier for the community and receives water from a mix of local and imported sources. In 2015, approximately 72% of the community's water came from local groundwater sources, 14% came from regional groundwater sources, and 9% came from local surface water bodies or recycled water. Additionally, three percent was imported from the Colorado River basin, one percent was imported from the northern Sierra Nevada (through the State Water Project), and less than one percent was imported from the southern Sierra Nevada (through the Los Angeles Aqueduct).35,36 Thus, Huntington Beach is vulnerable to droughts that occur in different regions, to varying degrees. 35 City of Huntington Beach2016a."Huntington Beach History."http://www.huntingtonbeachca.00v/abouUhistory/. 36 MWDOC(Municipal Water District of Orange County).2016.Municipal Water District of Orange County 2015 Urban Water Management Plan.http://www.mwdoc.com/Uploads/FINAL%20DRAFT%20MWDOC%2OUWMP Mav%202 016%20v2.pdf. 44 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 3-9: US Drought Monitor Classification Scheme Category Description Possible Impacts DO Abnormally dry Slower growth of crops and pastures compared to normal activities. Some damage to crops and pastures. Streams, reservoirs, or D1 Moderate drought well are low. Some water shortages may develop or be imminent. D2 Severe drought Likely crop and pasture losses. Water shortages are common, leading to restrictions. Water restrictions can be imposed. D3 Extreme drought Major crop and pasture losses. Widespread water shortages and restrictions. D4 Exceptional Exceptional and widespread crop and pasture losses. drought Emergency shortages develop. Source: US Drought Monitor 2021 DA,cr Fvcr.l-rc Droughts are a regular feature of the climate in much of California. As a result, many native plants and animals have evolved strategies to help them survive during long-term water shortages. Due to the state's extensive network of aqueducts and canals to convey water to farmland and cities, droughts in remote parts of the state can have substantial consequences for communities hundreds of miles away. The first major recorded drought in California lasted from 1928 to 1935 and affected all parts of the state, although it was particularly damaging in agricultural areas. Known as the "Dustbowl Drought," it remains the longest recorded drought in California history and helped encourage the creation of the state's existing water infrastructure.37 A statewide drought from 1975 to 1977 drained reservoirs across California and included one of California's driest years on record. Another statewide drought, from 1987 to 1992, created water shortages for approximately 30 percent of all California residents and led to water rationing at 25% to 50% of normal levels.38 All of California began experiencing statewide drought conditions in 2012. The drought is one of the most severe on record, and some studies indicate it is the most severe in the past 1,200 years of the state's history.39 In January 2014, Governor Brown declared a state of emergency because of the drought. The winters of 2015-2016 and 2016- 2017 saw high levels of rainfall that significantly reduced the scope of the drought. The following winter, in late 2017 and early 2018, rains did not return in the same quantity, and slight drought conditions returned across California. This moderate drought was again abated in the winter season of late 2018 and early 2019 when heavy rains ended any existing drought conditions. Figure 3-3 illustrates the severity of drought conditions experienced over the past 22 years in Orange County. As of June 2, 2022, all of 37 Grad,S.,and S. Harrison.2015."California Retrospective:3 crippling droughts that changed California". The Los Angeles Times, April 13.http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-california-retrospective-20150413-storv.html. 38 Cal OES(California Office of Emergency Services).2013.California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan.http://www.caloes.ca.gov/for- individuals-families/hazard-mitigation-planning/state-hazard-mitigation-plan 39 Griffin, D.,and J.K.Anchukaitis.2014."How unusual is the 2012-2014 California drought?" Geophysical Research Letters, 41(24):9017-9023. 45 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan California was experiencing at least D1 (Moderate Drought)conditions, with a majority of the state experiencing severe drought or worse conditions. Most of Orange County and Huntington Beach are currently experiencing D2 —severe drought conditions. Figure 3-4 shows statewide drought conditions as of June 2, 2022. Figure 3-3: Drought History in Orange County (2000-2022) 90%- 80%- 70%- • 60%- 50%- 40%- 30%- 20%- 0% °''^ c0 6' 6 '6'4 4" ry ti ryo\ ti9.'s q0 10 4 41 ryo^ rye's 4 ryo\ nO 4vk 4ry4' ❑DO❑D1 illD21111D3IIID4 U.S.Drought Monitor Figure 3-4: U.S. Drought Monitor, California U.S. Drought Monitor May 31, 2022 California (Released Thur d 8 asday.rn.EDT 2,2022) 1111 1,,, „ yr kIntensity: ` -i 1 1 None :(li i 1 DO Abnormally Dry si6 ' 1 1 Dt Moderate Drought �� �+ . „ D2 Severe Drought ,g1 4 .,, ,,. - D3 Extreme Drought ilk �''_. Ilik D4 Exceptional Drought The Drought Monitor focuses on[road-scale conditions.Loral conditions may vary For more - information on the Drought Monitor,go to ltelht�s//dro ughtmonibr unl,edu/A bout.aspx +. Author. Curtis Riganti ~��- National Drought Mitigation Center .. 1 11 11,11 lib USDA f ,: ron ot. droughtmonitor.unl.edu 46 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan In response to drought conditions, Huntington Beach used approximately 5% less water in 2015 than in 2010 and 14% less water than in 2005. The average Huntington Beach resident used 106 gallons of water per day in 2015, compared to 150 in 2005.40 According to the most current Huntington Beach 2020 Urban Water Master Plan, single-family and multi-family water usage is projected to decrease further during the next planning timeframe between 2025-2045.41 RISK OF FUTURE EVENT: As droughts are a recurring component of California's climate, all indications are that these hazards will continue to occur in the future. As previously noted, Huntington Beach's water comes, in descending order, from local groundwater basins, regional groundwater basins, regional surface water or recycled water, the Colorado River,the northern Sierra Nevada, and the southern Sierra Nevada. In general, surface water, such as water from the Colorado River and the Sierra Nevada, is more vulnerable to drought conditions as only a few years of below-average precipitation can cause substantial water shortages. Groundwater basins are more resilient to drought, as they hold large volumes of A water stored up over a very long periodTra and therefore experience fewer shifts from year to year. Orange County is pumping Otektilk water into local and regional groundwater G R O basins through the Orange County Water N District's Groundwater Replenishment IP% r "4 ` System (GWRS), the largest such system in the world, which helps to make additional groundwater resources "W available and buffer groundwater basins - against drought.42 However, the GWRS does not entirely replace natural Orange County's GWRS helps buffer Huntington Beach processes, and groundwater basins are against drought conditions, but does not remove the risk. still reliant on precipitation to add more Image from Orange County Water District water to the basin (a process called recharge). As a result, a lengthy drought can slow recharge activity and reduce available groundwater supplies. It is also possible that a prolonged drought would deplete surface supplies, requiring communities to pump greater volumes of groundwater to meet demand, further reducing groundwater levels. Huntington Beach is somewhat buffered from drought conditions due to its large reliance on groundwater, supported by the additional supplies made available by the GWRS and helped by recent state legislation requiring sustainable use of groundwater basins. However, as the state's recent drought has shown, the community must still reduce water use substantially during drought conditions to reduce the risk of shortages. Lengthy droughts that begin to affect groundwater 4°City of Huntington Beach.City of Huntington Beach 2015 Urban Water Management Plan. http://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/files/users/public works/urban-water-plan.pdf. 41City of Huntington Beach.City of Huntington Beach 2020 Urban Water Management Plan https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/files/users/public works/2020-Urban-Water-Manaqement-Plan.pdf 42 OCWD(Orange County Water District).2016."GWRS".http://www.ocwd.com/gwrs. 47 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan supplies will have greater impacts on the community, particularly if the local and regional populations continue to grow. CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS Climate change is expected to cause an overall decline in precipitation levels throughout California, including in all the in-state areas where Huntington Beach receives its water. In the South Coast region (Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego Counties), precipitation levels in coastal areas are expected to decrease by up to 2 inches by 2050 and 3 to 5 inches by 2090. In the higher elevations of the South Coast region, including the source of many of the region's rivers and lakes, precipitation levels are expected to drop by up to 4 to 5 inches by 2050 and 8 to 10 inches by 2090. Changes in the South Coast region are likely to directly affect groundwater levels in and around Huntington Beach. In the northern Sierra Nevada, precipitation levels are expected to fall by 3 to 5 inches by 2050 and over 10 inches by 2100. Additionally, snowpack levels (the amount of accumulated snow that melts and contributes to water supplies during dry months) in the northern Sierra Nevada are expected to drop by over 60% by 2090. In the southern Sierra Nevada, precipitation levels may fall by 4 inches by 2050 and by up to 15 inches by 2100, along with a 50% drop in snowpack by 2090. These projections indicate that drought conditions are likely to become more frequent and more severe in California because of climate change.43 The Colorado River,which provides approximately 3 percent of Huntington Beach's water, is also affected by climate change, but in a different way. Average precipitation levels are not expected to change substantially, although there is an expected increase in both the number of very wet and very dry years. As a result, drought conditions in the Colorado River may occur more frequently. Additionally, climate change is expected to cause a decrease in snowpack levels in the Colorado River basin, which may make less water available during spring and summer, when California generally experiences little to no precipitation.44 California's current drought, which began in 2012, has been linked to climate change. Although the drought would have likely occurred without climate change, scientists have found that climate change was responsible for as much as 27% of the drought's severity between 2012 and 2014, a contribution that is likely continuing past 2014 and may be growing.45 As climate change increases, it is possible that drought conditions will continue to become more severe. Coastal Hazards (Coastal Erosion, Sea Level Rise, Tsunami) There are three different hazard types under the Coastal Hazard category: coastal erosion, sea- level rise, and tsunamis. While all are related to coastal processes, the nature of the threats and the mechanisms of each are considerably different. Coastal flooding not linked to one of these hazard types (e.g., coastal flooding from a storm surge or extreme tides) is discussed under the Flood profile. 43 CNRA and Cal OES(California Natural Resources Agency and California Office of Emergency Services).2012.California Climate Adaptation Planning Guide:Understanding Regional Characteristics. http://resources.ca.gov/climate/safeguarding/adaptation policy guide/. 44 USBR(United States Bureau of Reclamation).2016.SECURE Water Act Section 9503(c)—Reclamation Climate Change and Water 2016:Prepared for United States Congress.http://www.usbr.aov/climate/secure/docs/2016secure/2016SECUREReport.pdf. 45 Williams,A.P.,R.Seager,J.T.Abatzoglou,B.Cook,J.Smeardon,and E.Cook.2015."Contribution of anthropogenic warming to California drought during 2012-2014."Geophysical Research Letters,42(16):6819-6828. 48 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan DESCRIPTION Coastal erosion is the wearing away of beaches and coastal bluffs by wind, rain, and high tides and surf. While erosion constantly occurs at a very slow rate, it can happen rapidly during intense storm events, which may cause multiple feet of beach or bluffs to erode at once. Poor drainage at buildings and facilities located on top of bluffs can increase the rate of erosion. Coastal erosion poses different threats to bluffs and beaches. Many coastal bluffs are developed, and erosion can wear away at the cliffs underneath buildings and I facilities. Open spaces such as yards or - parks on top of coastal bluffs can shrink as 1 the underlying rock erodes away. Bluff erosion also wears away at the foundations of any structures built on top of the cliffs. If the erosion progresses past a set point, the structure itself may partially or completely collapse, or the risk of such a collapse may Huntington Beach's coastal bluffs are subject to frequent be great enough that the structure is erosion. condemned. Coastal erosion also damages beaches by making the beach area narrower. As beaches can act as a buffer between the ocean and beachfront property, any beach erosion makes this buffer less effective, increasing the risk of coastal flooding for beachfront property. Sea-level rise is the increase in the average height of the ocean's surface. It occurs when global temperatures rise and melt land ice, such as glaciers and the polar ice caps that have formed over land masses. The meltwater runs into the world's oceans, causing a global increase in ocean levels.Additionally, because most materials expand in size when they become warmer, increased temperatures cause ocean water to expand, further raising the height of the ocean's surface. Figure 3-5 shows the sea level trend over the past 100 years. While sea-level rise can happen naturally, such as at the end of an ice age, the driver of sea-level rise at present is global climate change. Unlike many other hazards, sea-level rise is very gradual and occurs over the course of decades. Sea-level rise itself poses both indirect and direct threats. Indirectly, a higher average sea level means that there is less of a buffer between the ocean and coastal structures or facilities. This can make it easier for coastal flooding, which can occur during storms, high surf, or particularly strong tides, to affect coastal properties since the distance between the ocean and these properties is smaller. Similarly, sea-level rise can exacerbate coastal erosion, as discussed above. If sea-level rise becomes severe enough, low-lying coastal areas can be semi-permanently or permanently underwater, rendering these areas uninhabitable. 49 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 3-5: Sea Level Trend (1920-2020) 9410660 Los Angeles,California 1.04+/- 0.22 mm/yr 0.60 —Linear Relative Sea Level Trend Asa 0.45 —Upper 95%Confidence I I War - -Lower 95%Confidence Interval Monthly mean sea level with the 0.30 - average seasonal cycle removed :.:: pp A �p ��� I� III -0.15 -0.30 -0.45 -0.60 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Source:NOAA A tsunami is a type of wave generated by the sudden displacement of a large volume of water. They differ from conventional waves, which are caused by winds and tides.46 Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or other similar events that occur underwater or along the shore can cause this displacement, triggering a tsunami. Tsunamis travel extremely fast in the open ocean, sometimes more than 500 miles per hour. However, they are no more than a few feet tall and frequently go unnoticed by ships. As a tsunami approaches the shore, the shallow water forces the wave to compress, causing it to grow in height. The wave, which more closely resembles a wall of water or a very rapidly rising tide than a conventional wave, washes ashore and can cause widespread damage to coastal areas. Tsunamis can be greater than 100 feet tall, although substantially smaller wave events can still be very damaging. Many tsunami events involve multiple waves of varying height.47 Since tsunami waves travel so quickly, they can affect places far away from the location of the displacement event that caused them. Tsunamis do lose energy as they travel, so the tsunami is typically more severe closer to the site of the displacement event. However, particularly large tsunamis can retain enough energy to still do substantial damage thousands of miles away. For example, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan resulted in tsunamis that reached California nine to eleven hours after the earthquake occurred, a distance of approximately 5,000 miles. Despite the distance, the tsunami was strong enough to create a 9-foot-tall wave that killed one person and caused over$48 million in damage.48 46 Tsunamis are occasionally called"tidal waves,"but this term refers to a different type of wave that is caused by a different process (USGS 2016a). 47 NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).2016"National Tsunami Warning Center:Tsunami Frequently Asked Questions."http://ntwc.arh.noaa.qov/?page=tsunamiFAQ. 48 California Coastal Commission.2011.The Tohoku Tsunami of March 11,2011:A Preliminary Report on Effects to the California Coast and Planning Implications.http://www.coastal.ca.gov/energy/tsunami/CCC Tohoku Tsunami Report.pdf. 50 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan LOCATION AND EXTENT Coastal erosion occurs all along the 10-mile-long Huntington Beach shoreline. All of the community's beach areas experience erosion, although the beaches are replenished by natural processes and artificial beach nourishment projects. The average 70 year cliff-retreat rate for Southern California is approximately 0.3 meters per year. According to the estimates within the California Coastal Cliff Erosion Viewer49 erosion rates along the Palos Verdes peninsula (north of the City) range from .01 to .92 meters per year, while erosion rates in Newport Beach (south of the City) average around .01 meters per year. No data for Huntington Beach exists at this time, leaving a large data gap for understanding local erosion rates. What is know, is that erosion is often worse during the rainy season, when severe storms can cause substantial erosion. Bluff erosion in Huntington Beach typically occurs along the coastal mesas, located between Goldenwest Street and Seapoint Street. All low-lying coastal areas in Huntington Beach are exposed to sea level rise, including all beaches. While no properties are at risk of permanent inundation, depending on the amount of sea-level rise, some coastal properties in the Sunset Beach and Huntington Harbour neighborhoods and properties near the Huntington Beach Pier are at risk of occasional flooding during storm events, as is the AES power plant and the Huntington by the Sea RV Park.s° The tsunami risk zone in Huntington Beach covers the beachfront area of the community as well as a number of inland areas, similar to the hazard zone for extreme tidal flooding after extensive sea level rise. The Huntington Harbour area is at risk, as is the area inland of the Bolsa Chica wetlands extended as far east as Edwards Street and north past Warner Avenue. Southeastern Huntington Beach, north past Indianapolis Avenue in some locations, is also within the risk zone. Areas within the risk zone are not necessarily subject to inundation during a tsunami event, but the risk zone does mark an area where there is a reasonable threat to individual health and private property from a tsunami and an area where evacuations could be called if a tsunami occurs.51 Figure 3-6 shows the tsunami inundation zones in the community. PAST EVENTS Coastal erosion occurs continuously in Huntington Beach over a slow scale, although a few past events are known to have caused significant erosion over a short period of time.A series of storms in early 1998 created waves of 10-15 feet tall or more that eroded large sections of beaches and coastal bluffs and destroyed 250 feet of the Huntington Beach Pier. A storm in December 2002 also caused 10-15-foot waves, which eroded about 3 feet of beaches throughout Orange and San Diego Counties. A high tide event in January 2005, in combination with large waves, caused severe beach erosion in some locations. A December 2005 storm generated waves up to 20 feet tall that caused extensive beach and coastal bluff erosion in Huntington Beach.52 Hurricanes in 49 California Coastal Cliff Erosion.2022. https://siocoq.ucsd.edu/data-products/ca-cliff-viewer/ 5°City of Huntington Beach.2014 Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment.http://www.hbthenextwave.orq/wp-content/uploads/Final-HB-SLR-Vul-Assessment 12-18-2014-compiled.pdf. 51 City of Huntington Beach.2014.Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Natural and Environmental Hazards.http://www.hbthenextwave.orq/wp-content/uploads/20141219.Final Natural Environmental-Hazards mm .pdf 52 City of Huntington Beach.2012 Hazard Mitigation Plan:City of Huntington Beach. 51 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan more tropical areas of the Pacific Ocean in August 2014 caused a series of large waves, up to 25 feet, which washed away large sections of local beaches.53 At Newport Beach (the closest sea level tidal gauge to Huntington Beach), the sea level has been increasing at a rate of approximately 2 millimeters per year, or 8.8 inches every 100 years.54 Sea- level rise itself has not been linked to any specific past hazard events in Huntington Beach, although increases in the average height of the ocean's surface may have exacerbated other coastal hazards. TSUNAMI Huntington Beach has been affected by . .,ti--='am-a multiple tsunamis in the past. In 1964, a - :- rp massive earthquake (the second-largest "i ? ever recorded) in Alaska spawned * A< " ,' tsunamis that affected the Pacific coast of - -___ r ! + the United States and Canada, Hawaii, andicr- 4I0 x,•<� ;p . T ";. '-*;I. Japan.55 While the most serious damage , ` ^� "' ` -!‘�' ,' _`, zoisk occurred north of the San Francisco Bay ` • ,` .... •QQ,'.- j -r"` i __ '+ Area, residents of Huntington Beach '% , ., :. reported very sudden, extreme changes in -• -- } ', -_;w the sea level that caused damage to - - several boats in the harbor. In 2010, a - major earthquake in Chile created a - '.. tsunami that worked in concert with a storm - surge to cause flooding in the Sunset 1 _. Beach neighborhood, though no damage Flooding in Sunset Beach from the 2010 tsunami. was reported.56 The 2011 Tohoku earthquake, which caused devastating tsunamis in Japan, created a tsunami of approximately 2 feet, 4 inches in Huntington Beach that pulled a boat off its moorings but caused no other reported damage. Recent studies have found no substantial evidence of California being affected by "megatsunamis," such as the waves caused by the TOhoku earthquake or the 2004 "Boxing Day" tsunami that killed an estimated 230,000 people around the Indian Ocean, within the past 400 years. This is largely because California lacks the offshore geologic conditions known as subduction zones that are often responsible for megatsunamis.57.58 53 Orlowski,A.,and L.Connelly.2014."Big surf takes a bite out of beaches."The Orange County Register,August 29. http://www.ocregister.com/articles/sand-633298-beaches-beach.html. 54 NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"Mean Sea Level Trend:9410580 Newport Beach, California." https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.qov/sltrends/sltrends station.shtml?stnid=9410580. 55 USGS(United States Geologic Survey).2016."The Great Alaska Earthquake and Tsunami of March 27, 1964." http://earthquake.usas.gov/earthquakes/events/alaska 1964/. 56 Wilson,R.,L.Ewing,L.Dengler,E.Boldt,T.Evans,K.Miller,T.Nicolini,and A.Ritchie.2011."Effects of the February 27,2010, Chilean Tsunami on the Harbors,Ports,and the Maritime Community in California with Comparison to Preliminary Evaluation of March 11,2011 Tsunami."https://www.conservation.ca.qov/cqs/Documents/Tsunami/COPRI2011 Chile.pdf 57 Oskin,B.2014a."No Evidence of Megatsunamis Slamming California Coast."Live Science,May 19.http://www.livescience.com/45864-california-ancient-tsunamis-evidence.html. 58 USGS(United States Geologic Survey).2014.The Search for Geologic Evidence of Distant-Source Tsunamis Using New Field Data in California.http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/c/pdf/ofr2013-1170c.pdf. 52 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 3-6: Tsunami Inundation Zones in Huntington Beach N m m -o of N c m12 vq7�\ y U •I 1 m City of co3 City of ...-al Beach Ni Westminster 65 Bolsa Ave `L 2 X J 0. McFadden u CS ti 2 Ave■ illimakillillh' rn , — Edinger Ave c Heil Ave '� City of .r\ 1111111111•11�I Fountain Valley �. �■■.■■ War er Av`�e26, tj Slater Ave Fpo \ ' V Calb ert it_ Talbert Ave in in Ellis n m A g 72 �? g m m` 5 1r . 1 I i r Garfield ill c, . Yorktown ce Ora•e 410 �„ ■®■ Indianapolis li, III Atlanta Ave amilton Ave --- `ya�a� !]i4Iq Ave LEGEND , City of - Major City Streets osta Me —•— City Limits ,,` ` 1111 Tsunami Hazard Area N 0 0.5 1 w� . s I r I r 1 MILES 53 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan RISK OF FUTURE EVENTS `OASTAL EROSION As it is an ongoing process, coastal erosion is expected to continue. The rate of future coastal erosion is difficult to anticipate, but it is likely that any increases in sea levels or the frequency and/or severity of storms may increase the erosion rate. While the rate of sea-level rise has been slow along the Orange County coast in the past, it is expected to accelerate in the future. Sea-level rise of 12 inches is expected by 2030, an increase of 24 inches by 2050, and an increase of 55 inches to as much as 66 inches is expected by 2100.5° However, new research suggests that Antarctic land ice is melting much faster than previously expected and could cause an extra 24 to 48 inches of sea-level rise by 2100.60 Independent of all other factors, sea-level rise is expected to cause temporary inundation of large sections of the community's beaches, particularly near the pier, during high wave events by 2050. However, no substantial permanent inundation is expected at this time. By 2100, sea-level rise is expected to cause regular wave-related flooding near the Huntington by the Sea RV Park and in parts of Sunset Beach and permanent inundation of some beach areas.61 However, the effect of sea-level rise is much greater in combination with various flood events, including coastal flooding and extreme high tides. The risks from flood events and sea-level rise combined are discussed in greater detail in the Flood section. Since tsunamis are primarily caused by earthquakes or similar events that cannot be easily forecasted, it is impossible to accurately assess how often future tsunami events will occur or how large or destructive the waves would be. However, given that tsunamis have occurred in the past in Huntington Beach, it is likely that they will continue to occur at a rate comparable to past events, and at some point, in the future, that a serious tsunami event will affect the community. The California Geological Survey identifies 4 fault lines in Southern California and 11 locations in distant areas (e.g., Japan, Alaska, and Chile) that could trigger a tsunami event that may affect the Huntington Beach area.62,63 As previously noted, while large tsunamis are very rare in California, it is nonetheless possible that such an event could occur.64 59 City of Huntington Beach.2014 Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment.http://www.hbthenextwave.orq/wp-content/uploads/Final-HB-SLR-Vul-Assessment 12-18-2014-compiled.pdf. 6o DeConto,R.M.,and D.Pollard.2016.Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise. Nature,531,591-597. 61 City of Huntington Beach.2014 Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment.http://www.hbthenextwave.orq/wp-content/uploads/Final-HB-SLR-VuI-Assessment 12-18-2014-compiled.pdf. 62 CGS(California Geological Survey).2009a.Tsunami Inundation Map for Emergency Planning, State of California—County of Orange:Seal Beach Quadrangle[map]. http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cps/geoloqic hazards/Tsunami/Inundation Maps/Oranq e/Documents/Tsunami Inundation SealBeach Quad Oranae.pdf 63 Tsunami Inundation Map for Emergency Planning,State of California—County of Orange:Newport Beach Quadrangle[map]. http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cqs/geoloqic hazards/Tsunami/Inundation Maps/Oranqe/Documents/Tsunami Inundation Newport Beach Quad Orange.pdf 64 Oskin,B.2014a."No Evidence of Megatsunamis Slamming California Coast."Live Science,May 19.http://www.livescience.com/45864-california-ancient-tsunamis-evidence.html. 54 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan UMA i.E I HANGE t ONSIDERATIONS )510t1 Coastal erosion is caused primarily by tides and wave action from storms. While tides are not affected by climate change, some studies suggest that climate change is expected to cause a 10% to 20% increase in the intensity of the severe storms that affect Southern California, as discussed in greater detail in the Flood section.65 This means that the significant wave events that already cause substantial erosion in Huntington Beach may become more intense, causing greater loss of beaches and coastal bluffs during these events. Sea-level rise, which is caused by climate change, may exacerbate the issue. As the surface of the ocean becomes higher, wave and tidal action will be able to reach farther onto land than they currently can. As a result, wave and tide events that currently do not reach far enough to cause any erosion may be able to do so in the future, and wave and tide events that already cause erosion will be able to affect areas farther from the water line. R15; Sea-level rise is a direct consequence of climate change and would likely not exist to any substantial degree if climate change was not occurring. Climate change does not create any particular considerations for sea-level rise, as the hazard itself is a climate change consideration. ems.,.....,. The displacement events that cause tsunamis are geologic in nature and unaffected by climate change to any known degree. However, as sea-level rise increases the average height of the ocean, this will allow tsunami waves to reach farther inland. Even though climate change is not expected to affect the severity of tsunamis, sea-level rise is likely to create the potential for tsunamis to cause greater damage. Flood This section discusses most types of flood events that can occur in Huntington Beach. Flooding because of sea level rise (independent of all other factors) is discussed in the Coastal Hazards section. Flooding occurring due to dam collapse, a particular form of infrastructure-related flooding, is discussed in the Dam Failure section. DESCRIPTION A flood event is any situation in which normally dry land is partially or completely covered by water. Floods often occur during periods of extensive precipitation, including a single intense storm or a lengthy period of more moderate precipitation. During these periods, the water levels in lakes and rivers can rise high enough to overtop the banks, causing the water to overflow into low-lying areas. Precipitation can also be intense enough that the soil cannot absorb it fast enough, or storm drains and pumps cannot carry all the water away. This causes water to build up on the surface, creating a type of localized flooding called ponding. This can be exacerbated by a high water table, as the soil is already mostly saturated and may not be able to absorb any additional water. Infrastructure failures, such as a burst water tank, can cause flooding independently of any precipitation events. Intense storms can generate winds and large waves that can push ocean water onshore, creating what is called a storm surge, which can cause flooding in coastal areas. Extreme high tides, sometimes called king tides (in scientific es Oskin,B.2014a."No Evidence of Megatsunamis Slamming California Coast."Live Science, May 19.http://www.livescience.com/45864-california-ancient-tsunamis-evidence.html. 55 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan terminology, a perigean spring tide), can cause similar inundation near the coast, harbors, and other waterways. Flood events can also occur due to multiple factors, such as a storm event that causes both ponding and storm surges. Regardless of the cause of the flood, a flood event can cause extensive damage. The force of the floodwaters can damage buildings or carry large pieces of debris, which can cause further damage. Floods can wash away soils, making foundations weaker and potentially leading to building collapse and damaging landscaped areas and agricultural operations. In addition to property damage, flood events can cause personal injury or drowning. Flash floods, which can occur too quickly for people to notice and evacuate from, are particularly dangerous. —UGAH"iON AND EX[EN1 Flood events are frequent in California and have been the cause of more disaster declarations in the state than any other emergency situation, with the exception of fires.66 The areas most at risk from flooding are low-lying areas adjacent to the coast, harbors, lakes, and rivers, or flood control channels. Flood events are described in years, such as a 100-year or 500-year flood event. A 100-year flood event, also called a "base flood," is one that has a 1% chance of occurring in any given year, while a 500-year flood event has a 0.2% chance (1 in 500) of occurring in any given year.67 The areas within flood hazard zones are called a flood plain (for example, the area affected by a 100-year flood event is called the 100-year flood plain). Flood plains are defined by FEMA and are occasionally reevaluated as needed. FEMA officially defines areas within a 100-year flood plain as "special flood hazard areas." In contrast, areas outside the 100-year flood plain but within a 500-year flood plain are called"moderate flood hazard areas" and areas outside of the 500-year flood plain are called "minimum flood hazard areas." Table 3-10 shows the different categories of flood plains as defined by FEMA. In Huntington Beach, two large areas face an elevated flood risk. Much of the Bolsa Chica wetlands and a large area inland of the wetlands are within the 100-year flood plain (category A). The Huntington Harbour neighborhood, the area north of Heil Avenue and west of Springdale Street, and the area east of Springdale Street and north of Bolsa Avenue lie in the 500-year flood plain (category X). Additionally, there are some smaller areas at risk of flooding in the community. The shoreline, Huntington Harbour, and an area inland of the Pacific Coast Highway between the AES Huntington Beach facility and Brookhurst Street lies within the 100-year flood plain (category VE or AE). The waterways within the community, including Huntington Harbour itself and the flood control channels, are part of the 100-year flood plain (category AE).68 Figure 3-7 shows the flood hazard zones in Huntington Beach. PAST EVENT Several major flood events have occurred in Huntington Beach, with records dating back nearly 200 years: es Cal OES (California Office of Emergency Services). 2013. California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. http://www.caloes.ca.gov/for- individuals-families/hazard-mitigation-planning/state-hazard-mitigation-plan. s'A 100-year or 500-year flood event is one that, respectively,has a 1 percent or 0.2 percent chance of occurring in any given year. These are long-term averages, not firmly defined patterns, and so these terms do not mean that such events occur only once every 100 or 500 years. It is possible to have multiple 100-year or 500-year flood events close together, even within the same year. The level of severity for flood events are also occasionally reevaluated as flood conditions change. For example, a flood event that was classified as a 125-year flood event may be considered a 100-year flood event if flood conditions become more severe(USGS 2015a). 68 City of Huntington Beach 2014e.Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Natural and Environmental Hazards. http://www.hbthenextwave.org/wp-content/uploads/20141219.Final Natural Environmental-Hazards mm .pdf 56 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan • In 1825, when the community was still part of Mexico, a significant flood event shifted the mouth of the Santa Ana River several miles to the southeast. • A series of storms in the winter of 1861-1862 - I - caused almost four weeks of nearly continuous • rain that affected the entire state and turned , r much of Orange County into a shallow lake ` ', _ . _- completely inundating the farming towns that would one day become Huntington Beach. • Two storms in early 1884 changed the course of the Santa Ana River and caused one of the �� - . wettest years in Orange County on record. {' Newspapers at the time noted that after the The 1916 floods caused extensive damage in Orange County storm, it was possible to row a boat from communities near the Santa Ana River, including Huntington Newport Beach to Santa Ana. Beach. Image from the Orange County Archives. • In early 1916, three days of continuous rain caused the Santa Ana River to overflow into newly incorporated Huntington Beach.The flood killed four people and caused $520,500 of damage, equal to approximately$11.5 million in 2015. Floods in early 1938 caused widespread devastation in much of Southern California,extending as far north as San Luis Obispo. The Santa Ana River overflowed and covered an area 15 miles long and 7 miles wide, killing 19 people and leaving 2,000 homeless. The silt and debris left by the floodwaters were high enough to bury houses up to their roof. Table 3-10: FEMA Flood Plain Categories Category Description A Within a 100-year flood plain for a flood of undetermined height. A1-30 or AE Within a 100-year flood plain for a flood of a determined height. AO Within a 100-year flood plain for shallow flooding (1-3 feet high), usually ponding, for a flood of undetermined height. A99 Within a 100-year flood plain protected by a complete flood protection system (e.g., dams or levees). AH Within a 100-year flood plain for shallow flooding (1-3 feet high), usually flowing water on a slope, for a flood of determined height. AR Within a 100-year flood plain protected by a flood protection system that is not currently effective, but is being restored. V Within a 100-year flood plain for coastal flooding (e.g., waves or tides) of an undetermined height. V1-30 or VE Within a 100-year flood plain for coastal flooding of a determined height. VO Within a 100-year flood plain for shallow coastal flooding (1-3 feet high). B Within a 500-year flood plain. C Outside of the 500-year flood plain (usually found on older maps). X Outside of the 500-year flood plain (usually found on newer maps as a replacement for Area C). X500 Within the 500-year flood plain, or subject to small-scale 100-year flooding, or protected by a flood protection system from a 100-year flood event. D Within an area of undetermined but potential flood hazards. M Within a mudslide hazard zone from a 100-year flood event. N Within a mudslide hazard zone from a 500-year flood event. P Within an area of undetermined but potential mudslide hazards. E Within an area of erosion hazards related to a 100-year flood event. Source: FEMA 57 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 3-7: FEMA Flood Hazard Zones in Huntington Beach 7170 0 ul of E� a 1 ,each d Boise Ave , in 5 t McFadden . nl 1 o Aver I ° • .f - r Huntington 41 I I —. . r Harbour 1 4014.— 4 A s VE.‘` y hLnrGsz) ,,,,,.. /110 F0,46. ........ Slater Ave '4 Ill, AveMall • - \/r am y M)r,�+/i�,_C ■ to 6x5 �ti V�'L AE (n vJ -t 115 nor a I A m'0G reAlli o o m ; Garfield Ave 34 Ill)IN i -- Yorktown Ave �e j 5 -� Adams Ave 444I VE m 1 / Indianapolis Ave 9,n.‘' \ ' 0 .� - - -{- AtEpntaAve LEGEND Flood Zone ^9ti I N - —' -- Hamilton Ave 1.11 100 Year Flood Zone i• t 7 -•— City Limits 44 -,- _ , Major City Streets 500 Year Flood Zone pew e /IIIII Ave Outside Flood Zone es, Ica VE i A -No Base Flood Elevations Determined 0- AE -Base Flood Elevations Determined ohs It City of VE -Coastal Flood Zone with Velocity Hazard a° Costa Mesa X -0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard, eta Areas with Reduced Flood Risk Due to Levee, oh Areas of Minimal Flood Hazard of i N W_1)E 0 0.5 1 5- `ii% 1 1 1 1 1 s MILES Daa Source'.Federal Emergency Martagemert A,- - 12-15-09,5-18-10,9-27-10,3-21-19,11-15-19,12-1 Base Map Source Gay of Hurtington Beach(2022) 58 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan • In September 1939,a tropical storm(the only one to make landfall in California in the twentieth century)came ashore at Long Beach.The storm drowned dozens of people,flooded homes between Huntington Beach and Malibu, and destroyed 300 feet of the Huntington Beach pier. • Winter storms in early 1969 dropped as much as 6 inches of rain in one day, causing flooding all over the lowland areas of Huntington Beach and throughout Orange County. The flooding and resulting landslides killed 91 people throughout the region, and only emergency sandbagging efforts prevented the Santa Ana River from overflowing and causing additional damage. • Storms in the winter of 1982-1983 damaged the Huntington Beach Pier and caused damage to 780 homes in Huntington Beach, including substantial damage to 200 homes. • A winter storm in January 1995 caused 4.5 inches of rain in one day in Huntington Beach, resulting in widespread flooding. The water was so high in several neighborhoods that the City Marine Safety Division had to rescue people stranded in their homes. All of Orange County was declared a federal disaster area as a result. • A series of storms in early 1998 caused widespread ponding along roads in Huntington Beach and flooding of 2-3 feet in depth in some neighborhoods. • Storms in early 2001, in conjunction with high tide events, caused the periodic closure of the Pacific Coast Highway(City of Huntington Beach 2012, 2016c). • Heavy rains in early 2019 caused a 3-mile stretch of Pacific Coast Highway to be closed after it flooded. It extended from Warner Avenue south to Seapoint Street, near Bolsa Chica Reserve.69 Although flood control measures, such as infrastructure along the Santa Ana River, have reduced the risk of flooding in Huntington Beach, they have not completely removed it, as demonstrated in more recent flood events such as the January 1995 flooding. As a result, flooding in Huntington Beach is expected to continue to occur. Prado Dam, Seven Oaks Dam, and other flood control infrastructure have removed the risk of flooding from the Santa Ana River overtopping during a 100-year flood event. However, the city remains vulnerable to larger flood events, which could overwhelm existing flood control infrastructure and cause the Santa Ana River to overflow its banks. Other pieces of flood control infrastructure, such as drainage channels and pump systems, are not engineered to withstand a 100-year flood event and may contribute to flooding if such an event occurs.70 Huntington Beach is also highly vulnerable to coastal flooding from storm surges or high tides, which is much more difficult to effectively protect against. Severe storms are expected to continue to be the primary source of flooding in Huntington Beach, including storms caused by meteorological phenomena called atmospheric rivers (ARs). ARs are narrow bands of very moist air which serve as pathways for intense storms (the "Pineapple Express," which brings moisture from tropical areas such as Hawaii to California, is an example of an AR). AR storms are a minority of the storms that affect Huntington Beach, but they typically cause 30% to 50% of all precipitation that affects the community.71 The January 1995 storm that caused extensive flooding in Huntington Beach was an AR storm.72 One particularly damaging scenario, known as the ARkStorm, would be a repeat of the 1861-1862 AR-driven storms that inundated most of Orange County. Scientists estimate that such a scenario would flood all areas of Huntington Beach within the 100-year and 500-year flood plains and have the following effects in Orange County: • Inundate more than half of the county's wastewater treatment plants under 3 to 10 feet of water. • Cause power outages for 79%of the county that would take 2 weeks to fully resolve. es Cota-Robles,Marc"PCH Closed in Huntington Beach due to Heavy rain,flooding"https://abc7.com/pch-flooding-rain-pacific- coast-h ighwav/5088878/ 70 OC Flood(Orange County Flood Division).2016"Local Flood Hazard."http://ocflood.com/safetv/protection/hazard. 71 NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)."Atmospheric River Information Page." htto://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psdiatmrivers. 72 NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)."Notable Atmospheric River Events." http://www.esrl.noaa.ctov/psd/atmrivers/events. 59 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan • Disrupt water service for 50% of the county that would take 3 months to fully resolve. OCTABUSSYSTEMMAP • Disrupt telecommunication systems for most of the county for up to six days. • Substantially disrupt local and regional transportation networks for up to two weeks E -� 4_ • Cause total countywide damage of more i than $50 billion, the highest of any county a = IF1' and approximately 16 percent of all ® �� k ' statewide damage.73 -a Another factor contributing to intense storms � is the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO or El Nino), a cyclical shift in water n ,f u temperatures off the coast of South America — that triggers a shift in global climate, Local and regional transportation networks may be severely including affecting precipitation levels in disrupted for two weeks following a repeat of the 1861-1862 California. The winters of 1982-1983, floods. 1994-1995, and 1997-1998, all of which saw intense flooding in Huntington Beach, were all affected by the ENSO cycle. CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS Although climate change is expected to decrease overall precipitation levels in Huntington Beach and lead to more frequent droughts, as discussed in the Drought section, it may also cause an increase in the number of intense _ _ storms that affect the community. Some scientific studies suggest that the average AR storm hitting Southern California will be 10% to 20% percent more intense by 2100 than current storms. This is likely to increase the chance that a single storm will cause a flood event and increase the risk of flooding from successive storms.74 Droughts, which are expected to become more frequent because of climate change, are more likely to dry out the soil and make it difficult for the ground to absorb water easily. This can lead to increased ponding and runoff, - :` creating areas of localized flooding during rainfall events r _ r Intense storms are also more likely to create strong storm surges that can result in coastal flooding, and so it is likely that coastal flooding will increase in Huntington Beach as a result of climate change. Scientists are as yet uncertain The Pacific Coast Highway and Bolsa Chica wetlands are among the coastal areas expected to see recurring tidal flooding by 2100. 73 USGS(United States Geologic Survey).2011.Overview of the ARkStorm Scenario.http://pubs.uscis.pov/of/2010/1312/of2010- %201312 text.pdf 74 Oskin,B.2014a."No Evidence of Megatsunamis Slamming California Coast."Live Science,May 19.http://www.livescience.com/45864-california-ancient-tsunamis-evidence.html. 60 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan as to whether climate change will affect the frequency or severity of the ENSO cycle.75,76 Climate change causes sea-level rise, which can increase the risk of coastal flooding because it raises the normal level of the ocean's surface. Therefore, there is less of a buffer between the ocean and community assets(roads, buildings, infrastructure, etc.), making it more likely that high tides or a storm surge will create flooding of these assets. As discussed in the Coastal Hazards section, sea-level rise in combination with a flood event has the potential to affect large sections of Huntington Beach. The highest projections for sea-level rise by 2100 are currently 5.5 feet (66 inches). However, as noted in the future sea-level rise discussion of the Coastal Hazards profile, there is a possibility that sea-level rise may exceed current projections. At 6 feet(72 inches) of sea-level rise, coastal flood events such as storm surges are expected to inundate large sections of the Sunset Beach and Huntington Harbour neighborhoods, a large area extending up to 3 miles inland of the Bolsa Chica wetlands, and a large area in southeast Huntington Beach extending past Yorktown Avenue. Flooding of this magnitude is likely to inundate the wastewater treatment plant in this area, causing further threats to environmental and public health.77 Extreme high tides are likely to cause similar flooding hazards as storm surges when they occur in conjunction with sea-level rise. With 1 foot of sea-level rise (expected by 2030), the Pacific Coast Highway in Sunset Beach is likely to be inundated, and limited flooding is likely to affect some homes in Sunset Beach and around Huntington Harbour. Tidal flooding is also likely near the intersection of Brookhurst Street and the Pacific Coast Highway in southeastern Huntington Beach. With 2 feet of sea-level rise (expected by 2050), tidal flooding is expected to cover larger areas of Sunset Beach and the Huntington Harbour neighborhoods, including several properties not adjacent to the water, with more severe flooding near the intersection of Brookhurst Street and the Pacific Coast Highway. With 55 to 66 inches of sea-level rise, as expected by 2100, tidal flooding is expected to be similar to the storm surge-related flooding scenario with 6 feet of sea- level rise. Such flooding is expected to inundate all of Sunset Beach and Huntington Harbour and extend inland of Huntington Harbour as far as Bolsa Chica Road, with a smaller affected area extending out to Graham Street. A large area inland of the Bolsa Chica wetlands is expected to experience tidal flooding, extending as far inland as Gothard Street in some locations. In southeastern Huntington Beach, at 55 to 66 inches, tidal flooding is expected as far inland as Garfield Avenue.78 Severe Weather(High Winds/Windstorm, Tornado) Severe weather by itself is a very broad term. In the context of this Plan, severe weather refers to tornados and windstorms. Severe precipitation events, such as those caused by intense rainstorms, are discussed in the Flood section. 75 Cho,R.2016."El Nino and Global Warming—What's the Connection?"Columbia University Earth Institute:State of the Planet, February 2.http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2016/02/02/el-nino-and-global-warming-whats-the-connection/ 76 Pearce,F.2016."El Nino and Climate Change:Wild Weather May Get Wilder."Yale Environment 360,February 11. http://e360.vale.edu/feature/el nino and climate change wild weather may get wilde r/2960. 77 City of Huntington Beach,2014.Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment.http://www.hbthenextwave.org/wo-content/uoloads/Final-HB-%20SLR-Vul-Assessment 12-18-2014-comoiled.odf 78 City of Huntington Beach,2014.Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment.http://www.hbthenextwave.org/wo-content/uoloads/Final-HB-SLR-Vul-Assessment 12-18-2014-comoiled.odf. 61 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan DESCRIPTION HIGH WINDS/WINDSTORM Severe winds can occur as a consequence of an intense storm system, or they may be independent of any storm activity. In many parts of Southern California, the most common windstorms are the Santa Ana winds, which occur when differences in temperature and air pressure between the high desert and the coastal areas generate winds that blow toward the coast. As these winds decrease in elevation between the high desert and the coast, the air compresses and heats up, creating the hot, dry characteristics of a Santa Ana event. Generally, winds are measured using the Beaufort scale, developed in 1805, which categorizes wind events on a force scale from 0 to 12 using their speed and impacts. Any wind classified as force nine or above is generally considered a severe wind event. Table 3-11 identifies the Beaufort scale, which classifies wind events in detail. Windstorms generally involve winds faster than 47 mph, as this is usually the threshold for structural damage, although some property damage or minor injuries can occur at lower speeds. High winds can directly damage structures, blow down trees and branches, and create airborne debris that can cause further damage. Windstorms frequently cause power outages, as high winds blow down power lines or bring trees and branches down on power lines. Table 3-11: Beaufort Scale Force Speed (mph) Description 0 0 to 1 Calm: Smoke rises vertically 1 1 to 3 Light air: The direction of the wind is shown by smoke drift, but not wind vanes. 2 4 to 7 Light breeze: Wind is felt on the face, leaves rustle, and wind vanes are moved. 3 8 to 12 Gentle breeze: Leaves and small twigs are in motion, and light flags are extended. 4 13 to 18 Moderate breeze: Dust and loose paper become airborne, and small branches are moved. 5 19 to 24 Fresh breeze: Small trees begin to sway 6 25 to 31 Strong breeze: Large branches are in motion, and using an umbrella becomes difficult. 7 32 to 38 High wind: Whole trees are in motion and walking against the wind can be hard. 8 39 to 46 Strong wind: Walking is difficult and twigs break off trees. 9 47 to 54 Severe wind: Slight structural damage. 10 55 to 63 Storm: Trees are uprooted and considerable damage to structures. 11 63 to 72 Violent storm: Widespread damage. 12 73 and above Hurricane: Devastating damage. Source:https://www.weather.gov/mfl/beaufort. A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air reaching from a thunderstorm cloud to the ground, often visible as a funnel cloud. Tornados form when the high winds present in a thundercloud drag a rotating section of the cloud called the mesocyclone below the base of the rest of the cloud. This causes changes in the temperature, air pressure, and humidity around the mesocyclone, focusing the mesocyclone over a small area and dragging it toward the ground. If the focused mesocyclone touches the ground, it becomes a tornado. 62 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The threats posed by tornados come from the high wind speeds within the rotating funnel cloud, which can cause direct damage to structures it passes over. The high winds can also pick up and fling large pieces of debris, causing further damage. The winds of a tornado can exceed 200 miles an hour, and the highest wind speed observed was approximately 300 miles an hour. Tornados can be multiple miles wide or very thin, although the size of a particular tornado is not necessarily an indication of its destructive potential. They may persist for hours or last only seconds. They may also move very quickly, cover well over a hundred miles or affect only a small area.79 A tornado's strength is measured using the Enhanced Fujita (EF)scale,which is based on estimates (not actual measurements) of wind speeds as determined by observed damage. Table 3-11 shows the EF scale. If a tornado or a similar phenomenon occurs over water, it is called a waterspout. While waterspouts can be true tornados formed by a focused mesocyclone from a thundercloud, most waterspouts occur due to a different atmospheric process. Such waterspouts, called non-tornadic waterspouts, tend to be weak (usually rating FO on the EF scale) and have short life cycles, although they are still capable of causing damage to watercraft. Tornadic waterspouts, while rare, can be as strong as tornados that form over land. Table 3-12: Enhanced Fujita Scale Wind Speeds Rating (MPH)* Description FO 65—85 Light damage: Some damage to chimneys. Branches broken off trees and shallow-rooted trees pushed over. Signboards damaged. F1 86—110 Moderate damage: Surfaces peeled off roofs. Mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned. Moving vehicles blown off roads. Considerable damage: Roofs torn off frame houses. Mobile homes F2 111 — 135 demolished. Box cars overturned. Large trees snapped or uprooted. Light objects become missiles. Cars lifted off ground. Severe damage: Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses. F3 136-165 Trains overturned. Most trees in forests uprooted. Heavy cars lifted off ground and thrown. F4 166-200 Devastating damage: Well-constructed houses leveled and structures with weak foundations blown away. Cars thrown. Large objects become missiles. Incredible damage: Strong frame houses leveled and blown away. Vehicle- F5 201+ sized objects thrown over 100 meters. Bark removed from trees. Incredible phenomena occur. *Wind speeds in the EF scale are estimates of the 3-second gust speeds during a tornado event, based on the damage observed.Wind speeds are not actual measurements.Source: NOAA LOCATION AND EXT€: Windstorms may occur in any area of Huntington Beach. No part of the community is at greater or lesser risk of a windstorm. All areas of Huntington Beach are equally at risk of experiencing severe winds. Tornados are relatively rare in California, although they are capable of occurring anywhere. While topographic features such as mountains, oceans, and rivers are often thought to prevent tornados from forming or act as barriers to moving tornados, there is no evidence to support this. Urban 79 NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). The Online Tornado FAQ." http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.ciov/faci/tornado. 63 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan areas are also no less susceptible to tornados than rural locations. Consequently, no part of Huntington Beach is at a greater or lesser risk of tornados than others. PAST EVENTS Vki!Mr cdWItorlq r PnR Since 1955, there have been 22 reported windstorms in Orange County with speeds of at least 58 mph, including an event in 2010 with a top speed of 93 mph.80 There have been 6 high wind events in Huntington Beach since 1955, as reported by NOAA. Table 3-12 provides more details on these events. Table 3-13: Windstorms in Huntington Beach Since 1955 Date Speed (MPH) Damage Cost March 1, 1978 60 Unknown January 31, 1979 72 Unknown January 6, 1998 75 $450,000 March 5, 2000 60 $100,000 February 13, 2001 67 Unknown January 19, 2010 93 $350,000 Source: NOAA Since 1950, records show 32 individual tornado events in Orange County. Of these events, one was rated F3, one was rated F2, 14 were rated F1, and 16 were rated FO. Table 3-13 shows the seven tornado events that occurred in Huntington Beach. No reported tornados in Huntington Beach have caused any injuries or fatalities. Table 3-14: Tornado Events in Huntington Beach Since 1950 Date EF Rating Damage Cost January 13, 1984 FO $3,000 March 27, 1991 F1 Unknown January 18, 1993 FO $5,000 to $50.000 December 21, 1997 F1 $10,000 to $15,000 February 24, 1998 FO $20,000 February 19, 2005 FO $10,000 to $15,000 January 19, 2010 F1 $500,000 Source: City of Huntington Beach; NOAA 80 This event may be associated with a tornado that occurred in Huntington Beach on the same day. 64 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Contemporary media reports provide a better sense of damage from some of these events. The 1991 tornado damaged approximately 40 to 50 homes in southeastern Huntington Beach,toppled trees, and caused blackouts in the area.81 The 2010 tornado damaged boats near Huntington Harbour and Sunset Beach, in some instances p .n lifting watercraft up to 50 feet in the air (Esquivel and Barboza 2010).82 In addition to these tornados, there have been 4 waterspouts reported off the shore of Huntington Beach between 1930 and 2011. None of these waterspouts caused any reported injuries or damage.83 Tornados, especially severe ones, are rare in California, but there is still a risk that these events RISK OF FUTURE EVENTS may occur. Image from Justin Hobson. Past events indicate that windstorms will continue to occur in Huntington Beach. Tornados are likely to continue to occur in Huntington Beach, based on past events, although all indications are that such events will remain rare. Although all tornados in Huntington Beach have been rated FO or F1, there is a possibility that a future tornado event will be stronger. CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS The effect of climate change on windstorms is not yet fully understood. There is some evidence that climate change will increase the intensity of the winds that routinely occur along the California coast. An increase in the intensity of AR storms could result in more high winds associated with storm systems. It is not yet known what effect, if any, climate change will have on Santa Ana wind events. As discussed in greater detail in the Flood section, climate change is expected to cause already intense AR storms that affect Southern California to be 10 to 20 percent more intense by 2100. Tornados form from thunderclouds associated with intense storms, so an increase in the intensity of AR storms may lead to more storms suitable to spawn tornados. As a result, climate change may increase the number of tornados in and around Huntington Beach. However, given the relative rarity of tornados in the community, any increase due to climate change may not be substantial enough to be noticed. 81 Lait,M.,and B.Billiter. 1991."Tornado Hits Homes in Huntington Beach:Weather:Roofs are ripped apart,trees downed,and power interrupted.Storms are expected to continue."The Los Angeles Times,March 27.http://articles.latimes.com/1991-03- 27/news/mn-1026 1 huntinaton-beach 82 Esquivel,P.,and Barboza,T.2010."Storm whips up a tornado,four waterspouts."The Los Angeles Times,January 19. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/ian/19/local/la-me-stormweb20-2010ian20. 83 City of Huntington Beach.2012 Hazard Mitigation Plan:City of Huntington Beach 65 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism, Hazardous Materials Release) Hazard mitigation plans commonly focus on natural hazards caused by natural processes and occur regardless of human activities. However, human activities can affect the frequency and severity of some hazard events. Human-caused hazards are the direct consequence of human activity and are not linked to natural processes. The Planning Team elected to include these hazards due to their history in Huntington Beach and the surrounding area and a desire to create a unified plan that addressed all reasonable emergency situations. The human-caused hazards section includes three hazards: terrorism, hazardous material releases, and methane-containing soils. DESCRIPTION Terrorism is the use of force or the threat of force to intimidate the population and/or the government with the intent to achieve a particular political or social objective. Terrorists may seek to kill or injure people, damage or destroy property, disrupt infrastructure or services, or some combination of these outcomes. Acts of terror often involve the use of firearms or conventional explosives, although other materials may be used in some cases (e.g., flammable materials in a terrorism-related act of arson). The use of biological, chemical, radioactive, or high-yield explosive materials (collectively called weapons of mass destruction or WMDs) in acts of terror is not unprecedented but is extremely rare. Terrorist acts are often perceived as being carried out by foreign individuals or groups, although American citizens have been responsible for most acts of terror in the US. While it can be difficult to determine whether a violent act is an act of terror, the general characteristic of such acts is the intent to meet a political or social objective. These objectives may be to change government policy, influence an election, or protest the actions of a government or a population, among other examples. Hate crimes, which are carried out based on the perpetrator's prejudice against the target's characteristics (e.g., race, religion, or sexual orientation), may qualify as acts of terror if the act intends to intimidate the wider group of people to whom the target belongs. In some instances, an act of war may qualify as terrorism, although government authorities usually carry out an act of war (e.g., soldiers in a nation's military); terrorists are not usually official government agents, although governments may sponsor them or provide other resources.Acts of terror range in scale and the most violent acts are not necessarily terrorism. For example, a mass shooting of 12 persons may not be considered terrorism, while an assassination attempt against a single individual may qualify as an act of terror.A cyber-attack, which is the disruption or destruction of a computer network through physical or virtual means, may also be considered an act of terror(cyberterrorism). California law defines a hazardous material as any substance that has at least one of the following properties: • May cause an increase in mortality or an increase in serious, irreversible, or incapacitating illness. • May pose a substantial hazard to human or environmental health if improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed. This definition covers a wide range of substances, including materials that are toxic, flammable, explosive, corrosive(e.g., acids), biologically infectious(e.g., germs), or radioactive. A hazardous material can be dangerous at all times, or it may only be dangerous under particular conditions. 66 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan For example, some flammable materials are completely harmless and inert unless exposed to a spark or heat source, at which point they may ignite and pose a health or safety risk. Hazardous materials include both manufactured compounds and naturally occurring substances. Hazardous materials are generally safe when used and handled properly. They become dangerous when they escape into the environment or into an uncontrolled setting, where people may be exposed to the material without proper handling or storage protocols in place. Such events usually occur when a storage container or piece of equipment containing a hazardous material, ruptures, releasing the substances inside. This can happen in industrial accidents, such as an equipment malfunction or human error. A hazardous material release may also occur as a secondary impact of another hazard, such as an earthquake that damages a storage tank and allows a toxic substance to escape. Hazardous material releases can occur from buildings and from vehicles that transport these substances, such as boats, ships, or (more rarely) aircraft. Pipelines that carry hazardous materials, such as oil pipelines, may also be a source of hazardous material releases. Despite the potential dangers, hazardous materials are widely used. Virtually all homes and businesses have some products that qualify as hazardous, such as cleaning supplies. Hazardous materials are common in industrial facilities, where they are used to manufacture goods, are produced as a by-product of other processes, or may be deliberately manufactured to be sold as a commodity (for example, fuels such as gasoline qualify as a hazardous material). They are also common in cleaning and repair operations, such as dry-cleaning shops and automotive repair centers. Many agricultural and landscaping operations use hazardous materials to fertilize plants and kill pest species. One type of hazardous material, known as hazardous waste, comprises materials that are no longer used and have been disposed of or are awaiting disposal. This section is primarily concerned with particularly harmful substances or large quantities of hazardous materials. It does not address smaller quantities of common hazardous materials, such as cleaning supplies under a sink or a spare gasoline tank in a garage. While methane is a hazardous material, seeps of methane gas from methane-containing soil are discussed in the Geologic Hazards section. LOCATION AND EXTENT Terrorism is not limited to specific areas. Terrorists may target virtually any location, depending on their objectives, and there are no places that can be said to be completely safe from terrorist acts. Potential prominent sites that terrorists may seek to target include military bases, government offices, corporate headquarters, shopping malls, major industrial facilities and pieces of infrastructure, and large events. Acts of terror may also be carried out against lower-profile facilities, such as private homes and religious buildings. The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) identifies one site in Huntington Beach with known hazardous material contamination: the closed Ascon Landfill in southeast Huntington Beach, near the intersection of Magnolia Street and Hamilton Avenue, which operated from 1938 to 1984. According to DTSC, the 38-acre site is contaminated or potentially contaminated with a variety of materials, including DDE (an environmental toxin that may also 67 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan have human health impacts), petroleum, and PCBs (toxic and potentially carcinogenic compounds).84 According to the City of Huntington Beach, there are 805 different facilities in the community that store quantities of hazardous material, although some facilities may be part of a single campus (for example, the Boeing campus has 20 distinct hazardous material facilities). The City sorts facilities by two categories: the number of different hazardous materials on-site and the total quantities of hazardous materials.S5 Table 3-15 shows the number of hazardous material facilities by category. Figure 3-8 shows the concentrations of hazardous material sites in Huntington Beach. Table 3-15: Number of Hazardous Material Facilities in Huntington Beach by Category Number of Materials Low Quantity Medium Quantity High Quantity 1 to 2 333 28 11 3 to 4 79 23 6 5 to 6 18 12 7 7 to 10 4 4 9 11 to 14 1 5 2 15 to 20 1 1 2 21 to 40 1 1 3 41 to 500 1 0 2 Unclassified * 251 *The quantity of materials at unclassified facilities is unknown. Note:"Low quantity"is 55 to 1,000 gallons,200 to 1,000 cubic feet,or 500 to 1,000 pounds."Medium quantity" is 1,001 to 10,000 gallons, 1,001 to 5,000 cubic feet, or 1,001 to 5,000 pounds. "High quantity" is more than 10,000 gallons,5,000 cubic feet,or 5,000 pounds. Source:City of Huntington Beach 2003,2016d Huntington Beach also has multiple facilities registered under the California Accidental Release Program (CalARP), which requires facilities that hold certain amounts of specified materials to prepare risk management plans to reduce the chance of a hazardous material release. This threshold may range from 1 pound to 20,000 pounds depending on the materia1.86 There are three levels of the CalARP program for registered facilities, depending on the risks posed by the hazardous materials involved.87 Table 3-16 shows the program levels. 84 DTSC(California Department of Toxic Substances Control).2007."DTSC's Hazardous Waste and Substances Site List—Site Cleanup(Cortese List)".http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Cortese List.cfm. 85 City of Huntington Beach.Hazmat—H_M-L(003)[data table]. 86 CCR(California Code of Regulations).2016a."Title 19,Division 2,Chapter 4.5,Article 8,Section 2770.5:List of Substances." https://www.law.cornell.edu/requlations/california/Cal-Code-Reqs-Tit-19-SS-2770-5 87 CCR(California Code of Regulations).2016b.""Title 19, Division 2,Chapter 4.5,Article 8,Section 2735.4:Applicability." https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/IC83552E5ADE445D899ACFD3OD 102B284?viewTvpe=FullText&originationContext=d ocumenttoc&transitionTvpe=CategorvPageltem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1 68 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 3-8: Concentration of Hazardous Materials Facilities in Huntington Beach '4o 6 I IA a City of � City ns of Seal Beach Westminster Bolsa Ave n 0 . .." c McFadden` _• IN +. a Q Ave �i p II Edinger Ave 4•N,., Huntington,.; �.. 1 -- lit Harbour T Heil Ave -''50 5 ifs s l I City of �r.1, 31 t % s „ , __-_.--,Wainer Ave 111 �� �`- ..i ' Slater Ave 0 •\, 'Saki err ,� Bobo Chico Rw Talbert Ave Wetlands 7ppS7 wi. •t• A- , N 4 r Olis ,,, t 6 Ave 'o . ' in 4S oo c,` lr y C tie 7 Garfield Ave I Irt „5.. % l 'Yorktown Ave c . '°`.� — _Asir Adams Ave /- \ I I .4- Ail. c� i P �,9' i Indianapolis Ave / ^,S,,r w; I I Atlanta Ave "cl �` I 0 g'` t 'Hamilton Ave ce LEG END e, a �,a` - I ! Hazardous Sites within 1/4 ml Q ° ' ~ Banning Ave Now High:232 0ea \QS' ~- I 2 a�•�. i+ City of - Low : 1 0 / �' � c3•-•.. Costa Mesa °ham ' Major City Streets d ---- City Limits �0° --"`-4 N -`,. W E 0 0.5 I Of t \ t 1 t 1 t MILES Data Source:Car of Huntington Beach Curey2B22) S Base Map Source:Car of Huntington Beach(3Q}22) 69 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 3-16: CalARP Program Levels Program Description Level For the past five years, the facility has not had a release of a registered material resulting in death, injury, or the need for emergency response due to public or Level 1 environmental exposure. The worst-case scenario for any accidental release would not spread to the material to the public. The facility coordinates with local emergency planning and response organizations. Level 2 The facility does not meet the standards for Level 1 but does not fall under the additional conditions for Level 3. The facility does not meet the standards for Level 1 and at least one of the following conditions apply: The facility involves at least one of ten specific Level 3 industrial activities; the facility is subject to specific federal or state safety management standards; the nature and quantity of the hazardous materials involved require additional safety measures. Source:CCR As of July 2016, there are four private facilities in Huntington Beach registered under the CalARP program, although one facility plans to leave the community and locate elsewhere. The facility which is leaving is a Level 3 facility, while the three remaining facilities are all Level 1. The City also operates various water treatment facilities around the community, which the CalARP program collectively classifies as a single Level 3 facility due to the quantity of chlorine involved in water purification activities.88 PAST EVENTS TERRORISM! There have been no reported acts of terror within Huntington Beach, although multiple terrorist acts have happened in the region. These acts include the 1985 killing of a Palestinian-American activist in Santa Ana; a 1999 mass shooting at a Jewish community center in Los Angeles; and a 2015 mass shooting and attempted bombing in San Bernardino that killed 14 people, making it the tenth most deadly act of terror in American history. There have also been multiple attempted acts of terror in and around Huntington Beach, including a 2014 incident in which a local teenager was arrested for making terrorist threats against the US Open of Surfing.89 Large hazardous material releases have occurred in Huntington Beach, but such events are rare. The largest event occurred in 1990, when the American Trader tanker ship ran over its anchor offshore of Huntington Beach, puncturing its hull and spilling approximately 416,600 gallons of crude oil.90 The oil from the spill spread across approximately 60 square miles of ocean and 14 miles of shore, including the full shoreline of Huntington Beach. The most recent oil spill occurred on October 1, 2021, dumping between 125,000 and 144,000 gallons of crude oil into the ocean off the coast of Huntington Beach. The spill was estimated to cover 8,320 acres of the ocean's surface. The oil slick was reported from vessels approximately five miles off of the Huntington Beach coast. The oil was reported as coming from a section of the 17-mile underwater pipeline 8,Van Mullem,J.2016. Hazardous Materials Program Specialist,City of Huntington Beach Fire Department.Email correspondence to Eli Krispi,Michael Baker International Sustainability and Climate Change Planner.July 14. 89 Connelly, L,and Emery,S.2014."Teen arrested for terrorist threats toward U.S.Open." The Orange County Register,July 26. http://www.ocregister.com/articles/police-629898-handy-teen.html. CDFW(California Department of Fish and Wildlife).2016."American Trader."https://wildlife.ca.gov/OSPR/NRDA/american-trader 70 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan connecting offshore oil platforms with the shore, which had become displaced, most likely dragged by a container ship's anchor during heavy winds on January 25, 2021. Divers found that a 4,000 ft section of the pipeline had been displaced by approximately 105ft and had a 13-inch split along the length of the pipe. This caused a closure of the beaches and a massive cleanup effort from the local, state, and federal authorities.91,92 Small releases occur every year, most of which involve petroleum, natural gas, or related materials. The majority of these incidents are received by the Metro Cities Fire Authority, also known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch. Metro Net is a joint powers authority (JPA) agreement, which services the cities of Huntington Beach, Anaheim, Brea, Fountain Valley, Newport Beach, and Orange. Metro Net issues annual service reports, which contain data on calls received, type of call, and call comparisons. Based on this data, between 2012-2021, 1,490 hazardous material release calls in Huntington Beach required a request for assistance from emergency response staff. It should be noted that these calls comprise less than 1% of calls to emergency dispatch. Table 3-17 shows the number of hazardous materials related calls from 2012 to 2021 and the total number of emergency calls originating in Huntington Beach as reported by Metro Net Dispatch. Table 3-17: Hazardous Materials Releases by Incident Type (2008-2016) Year Number of Hazardous Total Calls Received from Materials Related Calls Huntington Beach 2012 139 15,450 2013 116 15,415 2014 141 16,260 2015 154 17,932 2016 148 18,693 2017 194 19,344 2018 169 19,393 2019 161 19,839 2020 130 19,435 2021 138 20,661 Total 1,490 182,422 Source:Metro Cities Fire Authority JPA Annual Reports 2016 and 2021 Cal OES issues an annual Hazardous Spill Release Report, which reports the number of reported spills each year for the city. According to the Cal OES database, between 2010 and 2021, Huntington Beach has experienced an average of 31.27 reported spill incidents. Table 3-18 shows the number of reported spill incidents each year as reported to Cal OES. It should be noted that these are only the reported cases, and there are most likely spills that are not reported to Cal OES, as they do not meet the required threshold where reporting is required (for example, 42 gallons of petroleum discharge, 1,000 gallons of sewage).93 91 "Huntington Beach Oil Spill:Section of Pipeline Found Damaged,Moved More Than 100 Feet Along Ocean Floor".CBS Los Angeles.October 6,2021. Retrieved October 11,2021. 92 Estrin,Robin;Gerber,Marisa(October 9,2021)."Orange County oil spill:A week later,water remains off-limits". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 10,2021. 93 Cal OES-Spill Booklet,https://www.caloes.ca.gov/FireRescueSite/Documents/CalOES- Spill Booklet Feb2014 FINAL BW Acc.pdf 71 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 3-18: Cal OES Spill Release Reporting for Huntington Beach Year Reported Spills 2010 32 2011 37 2012 43 2013 38 2014 29 2015 26 2016 21 2017 34 2018 29 2019 30 2020 25 2021 11 Total/Avg. 355/31.27 Avg. Source:Cal OES Spill Release Reports Database RISK OF FUTURE EVENTS The causes behind acts of terror are highly complex, often involving national or global political, social, or economic issues. It is not possible to reasonably forecast the likelihood of a future terrorist act in Huntington Beach or to suggest which facilities or events may be potential targets. Like virtually all other communities, Huntington Beach will continue to be a target, likely a higher priority target than some neighboring communities and likely a lower priority target than other sites in the region. As long as hazardous materials are present in Huntington Beach, either permanently or temporarily, there is some chance of a hazardous material release. There is no indication that the amounts of hazardous materials in Huntington Beach will change substantially in the future (e.g., from the opening or closing of a large industrial facility), but such events are possible. Given that hazardous material releases have occurred in the past in Huntington Beach, all expectations are that similar releases will continue to occur. Assuming there are no substantial deviations from past trends, most releases are likely to be small-scale events with rare larger releases. CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS Climate change has no direct impact on terrorism, as acts of terror are not directly caused by climate conditions. However, national security experts have raised concerns as early as 2003, if not before, that climate change indirectly affects terrorism by causing food, water, and resource shortages, potentially triggering migrations and economic upheaval that could cause some individuals to commit acts of terror.94 More recently, a report prepared by the US Department of Defense (DoD) repeated and expanded upon the connection between climate change and 94 Schwartz,P.,and D. Randall.2003.An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security. http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA469325. 72 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan national security, referring to climate change as a "threat multiplier" that can "enable terrorist activity and other forms of violence." 95 Climate change itself has no direct effect on hazardous material releases. However, climate change may increase the frequency or severity of other hazard types, which may result in a hazardous material release as an indirect effect. For example, climate change is expected to cause a 10% to 20% increase in the average intensity of the strong AR storms that affect Huntington Beach during the winter. An increase in the intensity of these storms increases the chance that such a storm may damage or destroy a hazardous material storage tank, cause a vehicle crash involving hazardous materials, or lead to some other situation that results in the release of hazardous materials. Methane Containing Soils Methane-containing soils was moved to its own hazard profile as the other two geologic hazards, landslide and subsidence, were removed by the HMPC from the plan. These hazards were removed as the HMPC decided they occur so rarely, and those hazards do not represent a serious threat to people or property in the city. DESCRIPTION Methane (CH4 in chemical notation) is a naturally occurring colorless, odorless gas. It is the simplest form of a group of molecules called hydrocarbons, including propane, butane, and other compounds. Methane and other hydrocarbons have a variety of uses but are most valuable as fuel sources. Petroleum is made of a blend of various hydrocarbons, including methane, and methane is the primary component of natural gas. As a result, soils containing high levels of methane are common in areas with extensive fossil fuel deposits or places contaminated by fossil fuel extraction activities. It can also be found in soils on top of closed landfills, as the oxygen-free environment in a closed landfill causes organic material to decompose into methane. While a useful substance, methane can pose a substantial health and safety hazard. It is nontoxic but is extremely flammable and explosive in some concentrations. High-enough levels of methane in the air may displace oxygen, causing a risk of asphyxiation in closed spaces such as building interiors. Methane in the soils can seep to the surface, posing risks for structures on top of these soils. Methane can be trapped under impervious surfaces such as roadways or in enclosed underground areas such as basements, where it can increase to potentially dangerous levels if it is not vented. LOCATION AND EXTENT Huntington Beach has extensive petroleum and natural gas deposits, and fossil fuel extraction has been occurring in the community since oil was discovered in 1920. As a result, soils in many parts of the city may contain elevated levels of methane gas. There are two areas of Huntington Beach designated as "methane districts" by the City, where there is an elevated risk of methane- containing soils and where the City requires new buildings to reduce the threat from methane gas. 95DoD(United States Department of Defense).2015.National Security Implications of Climate-Related Risks and a Changing Climate.http://archive.defense.gov/pubs/150724-congressional-report-on-national-implications-of-climate- change.pdf?source=govdelivery 73 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The first district covers much of the southern half of the city. It includes all land south of Adams Avenue, south of Ellis Avenue and west of Newland Street and bordered by Ellis Avenue, Edwards Street, Slater Avenue, and Gothard Street. The second district is located in the Huntington Harbour neighborhood and includes the area bordered by Warner Avenue, Saybrook Lane, Edinger Avenue, and Bolsa Chica Road. Figure 3-9 shows the methane districts in Huntington Beach. PAST EVENTS While the City requires methane risk reduction strategies in a wide area of the community, substantial events involving methane gas are rare. Elevated levels of methane have been reported at Edison Community Park, the Central Library, and Kettler Elementary School and in surrounding properties, although in all cases, the methane was effectively vented and did not create any hazardous situations.96,97 98 In 2004, an abandoned oil well spurted approximately 300 gallons of petroleum and methane gas, affecting 360 homes and causing property damage, although there were no reported injuries.99 RISK OF FUTURE EVENTS Elevated levels of methane have likely been present in Huntington Beach soils for a very long period, given the natural presence of oil and natural gas underneath the community. All expectations are that methane will continue to be present in the soil beneath Huntington Beach and that the risk of methane levels increasing to potentially dangerous concentrations within some enclosed spaces will persist. It is unknown how continued oil and natural gas extraction activities in the city will affect the rate of methane seepage, both in individual locations and as a citywide average. Any increase in the rate of methane seepage would not necessarily lead to an increase in the risk of a methane-related emergency as long as proper ventilation procedures are followed. CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS While methane itself is a potent contributor to climate change, there is no evidence that changing climate conditions will affect the rate of methane seepage in Huntington Beach. 98 Flores,A.2001a."City,county looking into methane gas leaks."The Huntington Beach Independent,January http://articles.hbindependent.com/2001-01-04/news/export10324 1 methane-edison-community-park-edison-high-school. 97 Flores,A 2001 b."City to remove leaking methane from Edison Park."The Huntington Beach Independent, January 11. http://articles.hbindependent.com/2001-01-11/news/export10261 1 methane-edison-community-park-removal 98Edwards,A.2004."Methane leak not a threat."The Huntington Beach Independent,February 12. http://articles.hbindependent.com/2004-02-12/news/export3266 1 methane-leak- methane-qas-tests. 99 Daniels,C.2004."Closure of Oil Wells Raises Issue of Safety."The Los Angeles Times,April 25.http://articles.latimes.com/2004/apr/25/local/me-oilwe1125. 74 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 3-9: Methane Districts in Huntington Beach \to- -0 65. i a U . .A.—„—.. fa in " '•t5 W m g� •i� City of r' E ~-1 m Westminster L_.._.�Bolsa Ave _. c5 -o a .5 J �� m o McFadden t ° m v o Ave! r m 2 n` J i m N z ,>/ —'—"—' • - Edinger Ave '�"/' Huntington Harbour I Heil Ave N`;N� City of Xie.% Fountain Valley �•`h i — Warner Ave ` a` `• Lj Slater Ave oFp \• 'Gelb ert �� �' R� Talbert Ave Bobo Chico �` � d i• / 4 Wetlands ✓• i n Ellis m ,Ave 'o m § in Q`0p%y� 5� m , °o v 1VT 0, r 2, 01 \ , ✓,i'" --Garfield Ave ` - Yorktown Ave cu .>, ' W. 41 4i c? ;Adams Ave aIndianapolis Ave ,:1`° 9a 5 il i'Atlanta Ave 6tir giy C ^ 5- t Hamilton Ave o a LEGEND a�a \' Oe 0 9` /BanningAve - Major City Streets 0a� �a —•— City Limits 0 \a City of Methane Districts �a0 y� 't , Costa Mesa :,,,,,,, o 2 "11 Oro M1 w t. I 1 I 1 1 �\ s "1 F Data Source'.City of Huntington Beaci(2S22) Base Map Source:City of Huntington Beach 22) 75 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Dam Failure DESCRIPTION As the name suggests, dam failure occurs when a dam is damaged or destroyed to the point where it partially or completely loses its ability to hold back water. When this occurs, some or all of the water impounded by the dam is suddenly released, causing a fast-moving flood downstream of the dam. Depending on the amount of water released, the flood caused by dam failure can resemble a flash flood or, in more severe instances, can resemble a wall of water similar to a tsunami. These floods can damage or destroy property and cause injury or loss of life for people in the affected area. Due to the speed of the floodwaters, an unexpected dam failure event may occur too rapidly to effectively notify people living near the dam. Dam failure events may occur in several different ways. A geologic event, such as an earthquake or landslide, could damage the dam itself or the rock that it is attached to, causing a partial or complete collapse. Intense rainfall or unusually strong streamflow may erode the dam or the surrounding rock. Alternatively, the dam itself may be poorly located, designed, built, or maintained, which could cause a dam failure even in the absence of other events. In some instances, multiple factors may work together to cause a dam failure. Such an event nearly occurred at Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River in 1983, when the river was flowing at 210 percent of normal due to heavy rainfall, and a design flaw caused significant erosion in the dam spillways. If the underlying rock had eroded, the dam itself and everything downstream (including Hoover Dam) could have been severely damaged or destroyed.10° Dams are rated for safety on a five-point scale called the Dam Safety Action Classification (DSAC). The scale was developed by the US Army Corp of Engineers (USACE), which has jurisdiction over a number of water-related infrastructure works. A rating of 1 on the DASC indicates the greatest threat or highest risk of failure, while a rating of 5 indicates the lowest threat or the least risk of failure. Table 3-19 shows the complete DSAC scale. Table 3-19: Dam Safety Action Classification (DSAC) Rating Scale DSAC Rating Description Dams where progression toward failure is confirmed to be taking place under normal DSAC-I (Very operations and the dam is almost certain to fail under normal operations within a time High frame from immediately to within a few years without intervention; or, the combination Urgency) of life or economic consequences with probability of failure is extremely high. Dams where failure could begin during normal operations or be initiated as the DSAC-II (High consequence of an event. The likelihood of failure from one of these occurrences Urgency) prior to remediation is too high to assure public safety; or the combination of life or economic consequences with probability of failure is very high. DSAC-III Dams that have issues where the dam is significantly inadequate or the combination (Moderate of life, economic, or environmental consequences with probability of failure is Urgency) moderate to high. DSAC-IV Dams are inadequate with low risk such that the combination of life, economic, or (Low environmental consequences with a probability of failure is low and the dam may not Urgency) meet all essential USACE engineering guidelines. DSAC-V Dams considered adequately safe, meeting all essential agency guidelines and the (Normal) residual risk is considered tolerable. Source: United States Army Corps of Engineers,(USACE)n.d. 100 Fradkin,P.L. 1995."The Year the Dam(Almost)Broke".The Los Angeles Times,October 29.http://articles.latimes.com/1995- 10-29/magazine/tm-62672 1 hoover-dam. 76 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan i_OCA7ION AND ExIElva There are no dams in Huntington Beach. However, the city is on the floodplain of the Santa Ana River. There are two dams, Prado Dam and Seven Oaks Dam, which are located upstream of Huntington Beach on the Santa Ana River. Failure of either dam could cause damage in Huntington Beach. Figure 3-10 shows the dam inundation hazard area in Huntington Beach. Prado Dam was built in 1941 on the Lower Santa Ana River Canyon near the City of Corona, approximately 26 miles northeast of downtown Huntington Beach. The dam is owned by USACE and is mostly used for flood control purposes. The reservoir is largely empty during most of the year, holding back only a small amount of water to help replenish groundwater supplies. However, the dam can hold back a much larger amount of water during flood events and release it slowly so that the Santa Ana River does not flood. Prado Dam stands 594 feet tall and is capable of holding back 362,000 acre-feet of water, or approximately 118 billion gallons. Seven Oaks Dam is located on the Santa Ana River near the City of Redlands, approximately 60 miles northeast of downtown Huntington Beach. The dam was built by USACE, completed in 2000, and is owned and operated by the Orange County and San Bernardino County flood control districts. Like Prado Dam, Seven Oaks Dam is a flood control facility and allows the river to flow normally during most of the year, only holding back water during flood events to reduce the risk of downstream flooding. Construction on Seven Oaks Dam finished in 2000. The dam stands 550 feet tall and holds back 145,600 acre-feet of water, or approximately 47 billion gallons.101,102 Prado Dam and Seven Oaks Dam work together to provide flood control services to communities near the Santa Ana River. During flood events, Seven Oaks Dam initially holds back water from upstream of the dam, while Prado Dam holds back most of the water from between the two dams, releasing a smaller amount of water to maintain normal streamflow. Once the flood event ends and the water level behind Prado Dam begins to fall, Seven Oaks Dam begins to drain its reservoir, releasing water to Prado Dam. Prado Dam will continue to release water at a normal rate until the reservoirs behind both dams are largely empty.103 PAST EVENTS Dams are critical infrastructure pieces, and the consequences of dam failure are substantial, so these structures are heavily engineered to minimize the risk. California has seen three substantial dam failure events in its past. In 1916, heavy rainfall caused multiple dam failures in San Diego County, killing 30 people. In 1928, the St. Francis Dam in northern Los Angeles County failed catastrophically, causing the almost complete destruction of the dam and creating a flood that killed an estimated 600 people or more. In 1963, the Baldwin Hills Dam in the Baldwin Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles collapsed, killing 5 people and destroying 277 homes.104 10t OC Flood(Orange County Flood Division).2016a"Seven Oaks Dam."http://ocflood.com/sarp/7oaks. 102 OC Flood(Orange County Flood Division).2016b."Prado Dam."http://ocflood.com/sarp/prado. 103 USACE(US Army Corp of Engineers).2008."Seven Oaks Dam."http://natasha.spl.usace.army.mil/resreq/htdocs/7oaks 2.html 104 Association of State Dam Safety Officials.2008.Dam Failures. http://www.damsafety.orq/media/Documents/PDF/US Failureslncidents.pdf 77 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 3-10: Prado Dam Inundation Zone in Huntington Beach -a � a 4 6 • 1 City of "� E c Westminster ekst m Bake Ave � � v nu 2 c n ---k m x• McFadden' 0 u ti °o Ave m its c . O to Z Edinger Ave N0/1Hunfingfon t• Harbour S Heil Ave �;A, _ City o: V.'s'. Fountain Fountain Valle. rn -. -.. Warn,grAve s '`''`•• by i slater Ave ..Si.,. •� alb err I ralbertAve �\ Balsa Chico �i'e • Wetlands i ` ti ..%1T `-r Elks Co v • in Ave o s in ti nO I �t 6 N YO L co' co \�a . , Garfield Ave I --- .J `�1 % Yorktown Ave .00 Q i t, NA ' ti Adams Ave yid s9 /Indianapolis Ave / •a. �e ��� . I 5> — I. Atlanta Ave / 6S iii 0 ,y N.ce t/ Hamilton Ave e ! o O Oo`GN - I Banning Ave LEGEND Q 1 Major City Streets N / e` j `°a ---- City Limits ($ ., $ �� oar i, Prado Dam Inundation /j �`° A .' n ~1 0.5 0 w jO > '.\. 1 . I r 1 6 MILES Base Map Source.City of Huntington Beach�022) Data Source'California Office of Emergency Serryces 78 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan While there have been no dam failure events in Huntington Beach, Prado Dam did spring a leak in January 2005 following a period of intense rainfall. Over 2,000 people in and around Corona evacuated, although the leak was repaired and there was no damage. USACE has since completed a series of upgrades to Prado Dam, intended to make it more resistant to potential failure events.105 RISK OF FUTURE EVEN"" As previously noted, dam failure events are rare, and one has not occurred in Huntington Beach in the past. Additionally, both Prado Dam and Seven Oaks Dam only impound water during flood events, and thus there is no risk of dam failure except during or immediately after a flood when the reservoirs behind the dams are holding back a large volume of water. The primary threat to Huntington Beach is from the failure of the Prado Dam. If the dam were to experience a partial or complete failure event, the resulting flood would likely overtop the banks of the Santa Ana River. Depending on the amount of water released, the failure of Prado Dam could result in floodwaters inundating all of Huntington Beach except for the area roughly bordered by Beach Boulevard, Talbert Avenue, Edwards Street, and the shore. The failure of Seven Oaks Dam could be less damaging, as the resulting flood could still be held back by Prado Dam. Seven Oaks Dam, at maximum, holds back only approximately 40 percent as much water as Prado Dam. However, a dam failure event affecting Huntington Beach could still occur if the floodwaters resulting from the failure of Seven Oaks Dam cause damage to Prado Dam or if Prado Dam is full enough that the influx of water from Seven Oaks Dam causes an overtopping. Therefore, any failure of Seven Oaks Dam by itself would have no substantive impact on Huntington Beach, although it could trigger a failure of Prado Dam. Prado Dam itself is rated II on the DSAC, based on a 2021 risk assessment. The rating stems from the risk of seeping along the dam's embankment, the risk of overtopping near the existing spillway, and the large population of people in the inundation zone. As a result, USACE has put specific risk reduction measures into place, including automatic special inspections if the height of the water behind the dam reaches 528 feet. No DSAC rating is available for Seven Oaks Dam. It is possible that the facility has not yet been evaluated, given its relative newness. CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS While climate change is not expected to directly affect the risk of dam failure, the risk could increase due to an expected rise in the number of intense storms as a result of climate change, as discussed in the Flood section. An increase in the number of intense storms in the Santa Ana River Basin could place stress on Prado and Seven Oaks Dams, as both dams would be used more often and potentially would hold back more water. As intense storms caused a near-failure of Prado Dam in 2005, it is possible that increases in the number of intense storms may increase the risk of similar events in the future. oe Pugmire, L.,S.Lin,and D.Yi.2005."2,000 Near Dam Are Evacuated."The Los Angeles Times,January 15. http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jan/15/local/me-prado15 79 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 80 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 4 — Threat and Vulnerability The threat assessment process looks at the harm that each hazard event discussed in Chapter 3 may cause in three different areas: the physical threat to key facilities, the threat to vulnerable populations, and the threat to any other community assets. Threat Assessment Process The threat assessment process looks at the harm that Huntington Beach may experience from a hazard event but does not consider its likelihood, so it gives equal consideration to hazards that are more likely (e.g., earthquakes, flood) as well as hazards that are less probable (e.g., aircraft incident, dam failure). The threat assessment examines three aspects of each hazard: the physical threat to Critical Facilities (CFs) classified as either Restricted (RCFs) or Public (PCFs), the social threat to vulnerable populations, and the threat to any other assets that may be affected. Critical Facilities (Restricted and Public) Critical facilities consist of properties and structures that play important roles in government operations and their services to the community. Examples of CFs include local government offices and yards, community centers, public safety buildings like police and fire stations, schools, and any other properties a city has deemed essential for its operations. CFs may also serve dual roles if a city designates them as public assembly points during an emergency. The City often owns CFs, but many are also owned and operated privately, such as some utilities and telecommunication infrastructure. The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee identified 207 CFs in Huntington Beach that fall into 6 different categories based on their function or characteristics. Table 4-1 shows the number of CFs in each category, the total estimated value of the facilities in each category, and examples of the facilities in each.Appendix D has a complete list of the CFs. Figure 4-1 shows the locations of CFs in Huntington Beach that were mapped. Some facilities were not mapped due to security concerns. The potential loss value is the total insured value of the CFs that fall within the hazard zone. It is intended to provide a ballpark estimate of replacement cost if the property is completely or severely damaged. The actual repair costs could be smaller or larger than the provided estimate. The data was provided by the City's Property Schedule, and therefore, information for facilities not owned by the City is not shown (e.g., bridges, private buildings). In some instances, replacement cost information was not made available. Where this occurs, "N/A" has been used within the table. Based on the available data provided, the City has approximately $522,137,826 worth of City- owned assets analyzed in this Plan. The total potential loss value of all City-owned and non-City- owned assets is much higher but is not known due to data limitations. To better understand the magnitude of impacts, this plan identifies representative percentages of potential impact based on the total valuation of City assets. For planning purposes, we identified different tiers of impact that could happen. It is reasonable to assume that impacts would not exceed 50% of the total 81 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan asset value city-wide. The following are parameters to help understand how much a proposed investment/improvement compares to the existing assets within the city: • 1% Impact- $5,221,378 • 5% Impact— $26,106,891 • 10% Impact— $52,213,782 • 20% Impact- $104,427,565 • 50% Impact- $261,068,913 The likelihood that all facilities are completely damaged simultaneously is extremely remote. Most impacts are anticipated to be isolated to certain locations based on the hazard. This estimate does not include the value of underground infrastructure and surface drainage facilities owned and operated by the City. Table 4-1: Critical Facilities and Facilities of Concern Category Number of Facilities Examples RESTRICTED PUBLIC Public Works 68 27 Utility infrastructure, City Hall, City Buildings, and Maintenance Yards Community Services 0 76 Senior Center, Sports Complex, Parks, Clubhouses, Restrooms 0 17 Fire Stations, Lifeguard Headquarters Fire and Towers, Training Center 0 7 Police Stations, Heliport, Search and Police Department Rescue Building Community Development 0 7 Surf Museum, Nursery, Skate Park Library 0 5 Library Branches Total 68 139 207 Facilities in Total Although not identified as critical facilities because they are not City-owned, several other sites in Huntington Beach provide important services to the community. These include public and private schools, hospitals, power plants, and privately owned community sites such as religious buildings and community service group headquarters. The vulnerability assessment for critical facilities identifies the number and types of critical facilities within the parts of Huntington Beach that face an elevated risk for individual hazards. A hazardous situation that affects a large number of critical facilities may pose a greater threat to the community than a hazard event with a smaller impact on critical facilities. Facilities within hazard zones may be undamaged or suffer only minor impacts from a hazard event, but there is an elevated risk that such facilities may be seriously damaged and unable to function if a hazard of sufficient magnitude occurs. 82 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Figure 4-1: Public/Non-Restricted Critical Facilities in Huntington Beach di m \\:165 U v City of m g 66 y� v City of Seal Beach m Westminster 0 N Boise Ave m i 1, McFadden (9 A v e Ave m `n a43 m • EringerAve -Huntington - - —. ' I Harbour M 0- -i Heil Ave c A. �'3 O O 0 City of • Q Fountain Valley s1 ISrn Wa aerAve Slater AvepO +. r• `1iy Salb err O Q. a Balsa Chico �, O O00 ® `Talbert Ave c Weibnds 1 • Q 6 `,� s 1 Dlis ° t4 V ' �,te / Ave o n g in .Q 's �t • GefieldAve \. r_.. i/ ra` Yorktown Ave ' Ike m yeaQ • J 32) m / * Adams Ave N\sit! I �, �,� o'e , — 0 Indianapolis Ave w r °e r / 0 '. � i ���'� /Atlanta/ Ave 1 LEGEND • • "o' e •`53 •., Major City Streets 0 "4 `'*s g � Hamilton Ave ---- City Limits aye Department ouf a co''' 4. 4r Banning Ave 0 Community Development Oe ca 0 Community Services OP ' 5n City of • Fire /2 4‘„a° / Costa Mesa 0 Library �4f 5` r • • Police Department O�oo� ` I 0 Public Works ',, N w.4),E 0 0.5 1 `, -s��dii''1 1 1 1 `� ' MILES ' Data Source.cm/a Huntington Beach(,2v22) sfi Base Map Source.City Beall( 22) 83 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Vulnerable Populations Factors such as age, physical and/or mental condition, socioeconomic status, access to key services, and many other factors affect the ability of people to prepare for and protect themselves and their property from a hazard event. Even though some hazard events may impact all parts of Huntington Beach with equal severity, different people may experience the impacts differently. Higher-income households, for instance, are likely more able to afford the cost of retrofitting their homes to resist flooding or, alternatively, move to a location that is less prone to flooding than a lower-income household. As a result, the higher-income household is less likely to experience significant damage during a flood event than the lower-income household, even if the same amount of rain falls on both. A social threat analysis examines the ways hazard events are likely to impact different demographic populations in Huntington Beach and where these different demographic populations live in the city. This includes an assessment of whether the people in an area of an elevated hazard risk are more likely than the average person to be considered a threatened population. The social threat analysis uses the following criteria to assess the threat to vulnerable populations: • Disability status: Persons with disabilities may often have reduced mobility and experience difficulties living independently.As a result, they may have little or no ability to prepare for and mitigate hazard conditions without assistance from others. • Income levels: Lower-income households are less likely to have the financial resources to implement mitigation activities on their residences. They may also struggle with having the necessary time to find and access educational resources discussing hazard mitigation strategies. Furthermore, lower-income households are less likely to be able to afford to move to areas that are safer or less at risk of being impacted by a hazard. The national poverty limit standard for the U.S. for a four-person family is approximately an income of $26,200 or less. For Orange County, the FY 2020 Low-Income Limit for a four-person family, according to Housing and Urban Development (HUD), is $102,450. • Seniors (individuals at least 65 years of age): Seniors are more likely to have reduced mobility, physical and/or mental disabilities, and lower-income levels, which may decrease their ability to prepare for and mitigate a hazard event. Table 4-2 shows the number of people in Huntington Beach who meet at least one of the criteria for threatened, vulnerable populations. For more detailed demographic information, please refer to Chapter 2. The social threat analysis also shows the threat other populations may encounter, such as persons experiencing homelessness or persons without access to lifelines (vehicles or communication networks). Since data for these groups are not readily available, there is no definitive way to determine the amount of these persons in areas of elevated risk, so this assessment will discuss how these other threatened groups may also be affected on a general level. 84 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 4-2: Huntington Beach Threatened-Population Metrics Threatened Population Metric Community-Wide Data Number of residents 195,686 Number of households 74,235 Median household income $82,554 Percentage of households under the poverty limit 8.1% Number of elderly households 28.3% Percentage of adults without a high school degree 7.9% Percentage of people with limited English skills 4.4% Percentage of households with a disabled member 18.2% US Census Bureau,American Community Survey,2013-2017 5-Year Estimates.2017."Table DP02:Selected Social Characteristics in the United States." https://factfinder.census.qov/faces/tableservices/isf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS 17 5YR DP02&prodType=table US Census Bureau,American Community Survey,2013-2017 5-Year Estimates.2017."Table DP03:Selected Economic Characteristics in the United States." https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS 17 5YR DP03&prodType=table Data Limitations and Notes on Vulnerability Tables Due to data limitations, the data comparing the hazard zone population with the Citywide population comes from two separate sources. The citywide data comes from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey, and the hazard zone population data comes from ESRI's Business Analyst reports. As a result, there may be minor discrepancies in comparing the two data sets. The data that should be considered correct for this plan is the ACS data reported in Chapter 2. Other Assets In addition to the City's designated inventory of CFs and vulnerable populations, hazard events could threaten other important assets to Huntington Beach. These assets may include services, artistic or cultural landmarks, or local economic activities. The threat assessment describes the potential harm to these other assets based on available information. Threat Profiles Seismic Hazards (Fault Rupture, Seismic Shaking, Liquefaction) The risk of earthquake ground shaking is fairly consistent throughout Huntington Beach, and the specific severity depends on the characteristics of the earthquake. For example, in a modeled 7.5 Mw earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood fault, shaking is expected to be approximately 6% more severe near the Bolsa Chica wetlands than in the Bella Terra neighborhood. In comparison, a modeled 7.7 Mw earthquake on the Elsinore fault is expected to be slightly more intense in Bella Terra than near Bolsa Chica. While there are no specific social vulnerability indicators for ground shaking, it can be a greater threat for residents in less well-built homes. This can include lower- income persons who may not be able to pay for seismic retrofits or may rent homes that are not seismically secure. 85 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The fault rupture hazard zone in Huntington Beach, which includes land within a 500-foot buffer around the Newport-Inglewood fault, covers an area of approximately 0.9 square miles. There are 11 critical facilities within this hazard zone, 7 of which are Public Works facilities; there are also one Fire and one Police Department facilities located in this fault rupture hazard zone. Combined, there is a potential loss of $89,513,656 in city-owned assets. Table 4-3 shows the CFs that are located within the fault rupture hazard zone. Table 4-3: Critical Facilities in the Fault Rupture Hazard Zone Category Number of Facilities Restricted Public Community Services 0 2 Public Works 5 2 Community Development 0 0 Fire 0 1 Police Department 0 1 Library 0 0 Total 5 6 Potential Loss** $68,264,175 $21,249,481 *Replacement Values Unavailable **Based on the City of Huntington Beach insured replacement values People within the fault rupture hazard zone are not generally more socially vulnerable than individuals in all of Huntington Beach, although the hazard zone does have a slightly larger proportion of elderly residents compared to the community at large. Table 4-4 shows the social vulnerability metrics for the fault rupture hazard zone. Table 4-4: Social Vulnerability in Fault Rupture Hazard Zone Threatened Population Metric Fault Rupture Hazard Community-Wide Data Zone Number of residents 8,723 195,686 Number of households 3,849 74,235 Median household income $83,662 $82,554 Percentage of households under the 32.8% ° poverty limit 8.1 /° Number of elderly households 6.3% 28.3% Percentage of adults without a high school 6.8% ° degree 7.9/o Percentage of people with limited English 3.2% ° skills 4.4/°Percentage of households with a disabled 18.6% ° member 18.2/° * Due to data limitations, community-wide values are from the US Census Bureau's 2010-2014 American Community Survey,while values for the hazard zone are ESRI 2016 forecasts. Sources:US Census Bureau 2014a,2014b,2014c,2014f,2014g;ESRI 2016 86 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Many physical assets in the city are estimated to experience the same seismic shaking intensity, ranging from 55% to 75% g (shaking intensity in relation to earth's gravity). Therefore, all facilities could potentially be damaged during a significant seismic event, which would likely be extremely costly for the City. If all facilities were to be damaged at the same time during a seismic shaking event, it can be assumed that the City would incur a percentage of the maximum potential loss of its physical assets. Assuming 20% of the City's assets are impacted, this potential loss could amount to over $104.4 million. Underground physical assets, like pipelines or utilities, could be damaged if nearby faults ruptured below the surface. In such a scenario, natural gas and water delivery service to Huntington Beach homes and businesses would be out of commission until repairs are completed. The risk of a seismic event is a danger to all social groups in Huntington Beach though some are more threatened than others. Seniors, pregnant women, and persons with disabilities are more threatened by seismic shaking since they may have limited mobility and may be unable to reach shelter in time. Even if these groups reach shelter in time, they may be trapped if furniture or building components have fallen around them. Renters and low-income persons are also more threatened by seismic shaking since these groups may live in homes that are not properly retrofitted to survive the stresses of a seismic event. These groups may not be able to absorb the costs associated with repairing their homes or looking for new housing should their existing housing be too damaged for occupancy. In terms of geography, seismic shaking effects are anticipated to reduce in areas of higher elevation, which tend to have lower population densities and high household incomes. The liquefaction hazard zone in Huntington Beach is any area where the liquefaction potential is deemed at least Medium, although there are parts of the community where the liquefaction risk is substantially higher. The liquefaction hazard zone in Huntington Beach covers approximately 20 square miles and includes 116 of the 207 critical facilities. There are 69 Public Works facilities in the liquefaction hazard zone (approximately 73%), most of which are in areas that face a High or Very High liquefaction risk. Approximately 45% of Community Services and about 36% of Fire facilities are also located in this hazard zone. Combined, there is a potential loss of$259,447,343 in city-owned assets. Table 4-5 shows the types of critical facilities in the liquefaction hazard zone. Table 4-5: Critical Facilities in the Liquefaction Hazard Zone Category Number of Facilities Restricted Public Community Services 0 34 Public Works 54 15 Community Development 0 5 Fire 0 5 Police Department 0 0 Library 0 3 Total 54 62 -------------- --- Potential Loss** $198,055,023 $61,392,320 *Replacement Values Unavailable **Based on the City of Huntington Beach insured replacement values 87 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The liquefaction hazard zone also includes several properties that are not designated as critical facilities but are important for Huntington Beach and the wider region. This includes the AES power plant, OCSD wastewater treatment plant, and multiple schools. It also includes many of the Huntington Harbour and Sunset Beach bridges, which were damaged by liquefaction in the 1933 earthquake event. Huntington Beach's liquefaction hazard zone is home to approximately two-thirds of the community's residents. Individuals within the liquefaction zone are not more socially vulnerable than the average Huntington Beach resident due in part to the large size of the hazard zone. As with many other types of hazards, lower-income persons may be more likely to live in less structurally sound homes and so may experience more significant liquefaction events than less socially vulnerable persons. Table 4-6 shows the social vulnerability metrics for the liquefaction hazard zone. Seismic events that cause surface fault rupture tend to damage roads and structures in impact areas. The length of rupture is typically a component of the seismic event's magnitude. The stronger the event, the greater distance that rupture can occur. Table 4-6: Social Vulnerability in Liquefaction Hazard Zone Threatened Population Metric Liquefaction Hazard Zone Community-Wide Data Number of residents 132,399 195,686 Number of households 49,579 74,235 Median household income $88,399 $82,554 Percentage of households under the o ° poverty limit 30.5/0 8.1/o Number of elderly households 7.0% 28.3% Percentage of adults without a high 6.1% 7.9% school degree Percentage of people with limited 0 0 English skills 3.9/0 4.4/0 Percentage of households with a 19.2% 18.2% disabled member * Due to data limitations, community-wide values are from the US Census Bureau's 2010-2014 American Community Survey,while values for the hazard zone are ESRI 2016 forecasts. Sources: US Census Bureau 2014a,2014b,2014c,2014f,2014g; ESRI 2016 As early earthquake warning systems become operational soon, it can be expected that utilities will take advantage of these advance warnings to shut off gas, water, and power transmission to control any potential leaks following the seismic shaking. Authorities may have enough time to halt the use of bridges or move workers to a safe distance away from hazardous materials. Workers will cease their activity and take shelter until they can be safely evacuated. Therefore, all services will be non-operational during the seismic shaking and remain inactive until authorities are confident that it is safe to reactivate utilities and return employees to their workplaces. The length of this time would vary depending on the event's magnitude. A significant earthquake would likely put utilities out of commission and halt any employment activity in the city for a few hours or several days. The city and the region would lose economic activity that would normally occur 88 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan during the period of the outage. Structures, like telephone poles or power transmission towers that are felled by the shaking, could block roadways and prevent emergency response teams from reaching victims or evacuees who need assistance. Services and mobility may be disrupted during and following a liquefaction event. Sidewalks, roadways, and pipelines may become fractured and disjointed as a result of the liquefying soils. Roads and sidewalks may be usable in some form, but a severe liquefaction event may render them impassible until they are repaired. Broken gas and water pipelines would result in utilities outages in Huntington Beach homes and businesses. Since these are underground, the duration of the outage could likely be extended until the pipelines are excavated and replaced by utility operators. Damage to power lines is unlikely since the power lines themselves are not rigid structures and can move if any of the transmission towers experience slight leaning. Homes and businesses within the city may be damaged, as well as popular gathering places such as the Huntington Beach Pier and the multiple large shopping areas within the city's various neighborhoods. This would curtail the City's and region's economic activity. Drought Droughts are unlikely to affect Huntington Beach's critical facilities, although any water infrastructure that is not used or used less during droughts may fall into some degree of disrepair if regular maintenance is not performed. It is possible that any water delivery infrastructure that is not used or used less than usual may fall into some degree of disrepair if maintenance is deferred. Lower water pressures may cause some aged water pipes to release rust particles into the water supply. The regional nature of drought hazards means that all of Huntington Beach is likely to be exposed to similar drought conditions if such an event occurs and that there is no"hazard zone"for drought events. Droughts are unlikely to cause serious social threats to households in Huntington Beach, although residents and business owners may experience financial impacts associated with water conservation efforts. A drought hazard is likely to have a greater impact on individuals who work in water-intensive activities, such as plant nurseries and swimming pool services. Droughts can bring increased water rates and fines for excessive water use, which can disproportionately harm lower-income residents or seniors, particularly if information about water conservation is not made available to them. A typical drought is not anticipated to lead to any outages in service in Huntington Beach. However, an exceptional drought may lead to water restrictions for residents or businesses in the City. Trees that are not properly adapted to lower irrigation levels could perish, which would alter the city's aesthetic appearance. Expansive grassy areas may die or become dormant, turning brown during a drought which could discourage residents from using parks and open spaces. Coastal Hazards (Coastal Erosion, Sea Level Rise, Tsunami) Huntington Beach has many people living near the coast who are vulnerable to coastal hazards, although there are no defined hazard zones for coastal erosion or sea-level rise. Coastal erosion is a threat to properties located immediately adjacent to the ocean. This is primarily community beaches and other shoreline recreational areas, but also includes homes in Sunset Beach along Surfside Avenue and the Huntington Pacific Beach condominiums near the pier. Sea level rise poses a long-term threat to several parts of the community. The City conducted a detailed study of sea-level rise vulnerability in 2021, organized by area and asset type. In Sunset 89 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Beach, beaches are likely to be affected by 2030, and homes and roadways by 2100. The risk to beaches is considered high due to extensive loss of beach area, although beach nourishment projects can help reduce the damage. The City expects 30 homes to face significant structural damage, although the long time frame reduces the overall risk. Similarly, affected roadways are at risk due to increased maintenance needs and disruptions to traffic caused by sea-level rise- related flooding, but the risk is lower due to the long-term nature of the threat.106 Near the Bolsa Chica area, 87 acres of beach are likely to be affected by sea-level rise by 2030, while various pieces of infrastructure are expected to be at risk by 2100. The infrastructure at risk includes pedestrian and bike trails, state park buildings and parking lots, and a section of the Pacific Coast Highway. The beaches face the highest risk due to the shorter time frame and extent of the damage. The risk is lowest for bike and pedestrian trails because the threat is far into the future, and the cost for repairs is fairly low.107 South of Bolsa Chica Road near the Huntington Beach Pier, numerous assets are vulnerable to sea-level rise. While beaches will continue to be affected as early as 2030, several structures in the area are vulnerable to sea-level rise by 2050. This includes sections of parking lots, bike and pedestrian trails, sea walls, and a storm drain output. The biggest asset at risk of sea-level rise in this area is the Huntington Pacific Beach condominiums, which may face partial inundation by 2050, and even small amounts of flooding may cause substantial damage if protective measures such as walls are not effective. Roadways are not at risk in this part of the community, although the widespread loss of beach and parking lot space may substantially change the neighborhood character and have wider economic impacts.108 The area south of the Huntington Beach Pier is most at risk, with more than $176 1 million in property at risk.An estimated 122 f ; . .. . E_• acres of beaches in this area may be t ' threatened by sea-level rise by 2030. By y 2050, sea-level rise is expected to threaten ' lf'i Id + ".,.5, four commercial buildings, 34 state and I 1; • if t I I :' City-owned buildings, bike trails, and a �, ' ` ' „ i,,, storm drain. By 2100, over 350 homes, 12 �, , `�,,,, �. -, 9 parking �.�.,. industrial buildings, several arkin lots, I -=�•a-= ��M��((� �� ;�;���. �� s , . �- sea walls, and pedestrian trails are also at &''"Ii risk. Many of the affected homes in this -,`i_ area are mobile homes, which are an ,. ... 'i important source of affordable housing in --- - " _ .. - the community. Residents of this area may Beachside condominiums are likely to face increased have lower incomes than the average risks from sea level rise and other coastal hazards. Huntington Beach homeowner and likely 108 City of Huntington Beach Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment. https://www.huntingtonbeachca.00v/government/departments/planning/maior/files/Sea-Level-Rise-Vul nerability-Assessment-Mav- 26-2021.pdf 107 City of Huntington Beach Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment. https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/government/departments/planning/maior/files/Sea-Level-Rise-Vulnerability-Assessment-Mav- 26-2021.pdf toe City of Huntington Beach Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment.https://www.huntinotonbeachca.gov/government/departments/planning/maior/files/Sea-Level-Rise-Vulnerability- Assessment-May-26-2021.pdf 90 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan face an elevated social vulnerability to sea-level rise. The affected area also includes the AES power plant, a major economic driver for the community and a critical part of the regional energy infrastructure, as well as the Orange County Sanitation District's (OCSD) wastewater treatment plant.109 The Huntington Harbour and Sunset Beach neighborhoods are particularly vulnerable, as many sections of these neighborhoods are islands or peninsulas that are linked to the rest of Huntington Beach by a single bridge. Sea-level rise may lead to temporary flooding or damage to these bridges, potentially severing the connection between these areas and the mainland. The tsunami hazard zone in Huntington Beach is a broad area that covers approximately 7 square miles, and while the risk of a tsunami having serious impacts throughout the entire hazard zone is quite low, it is not nonexistent. This hazard zone includes 116 of Huntington Beach's 207 critical facilities. Many of these facilities are Public Works properties, although the zone also includes sites such as the Edison Community Center and the Sunset Beach Community Building. Combined, there is a potential loss of $61,685,080 in city-owned assets. Table 4-7 shows the types of critical facilities in the tsunami hazard zone. Table 4-7: Critical Facilities in the Tsunami Hazard Zone Category Number of Facilities Restricted Public Community Services 0 34 Public Works 54 15 Community Development 0 5 Fire 0 5 Police Department 0 0 Library 0 3 Total 54 62 Potential Loss** $26,893,974 $34,791,106 * Replacement Values Unavailable ** Based on the City of Huntington Beach insured replacement values The tsunami hazard zone also includes the AES TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE — power plant, the OCSD wastewater treatment plant, and the bridges of Huntington Harbour and Sunset Beach. Although these properties are not designated critical facilities, they provide _ important economic benefits, public services, and _ safety/evacuation services. IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE GO The tsunami hazard zone is home to over 40,000 TO HIGH GROUND OR INLAND - residents in approximately 16,500 households. On average, residents in the tsunami hazard Approximately 20 percent of Huntington Beach zone are not substantially more socially residents live in a tsunami hazard zone. vulnerable than the typical community member. 109 City of Huntington Beach Huntington Beach General Plan Technical Background Report:Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment.https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/government/departments/planning/major/files/Sea-Level-Rise-Vulnerability- Assessment-Mav-26-2021.pdf 91 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Indeed, residents in the tsunami hazard zone are to some degree less socially vulnerable, as they generally have a higher income and higher levels of English proficiency. However, there are still sections of the tsunami hazard zone, such as locations near the AES power plant, that are home to large numbers of socially vulnerable individuals. Given the widespread devastation that a tsunami can cause, community members in the tsunami hazard zone may still be significantly affected despite their average or below-average social vulnerability. The large size of the tsunami hazard zone may also create evacuation concerns, particularly for elderly or disabled persons. Table 4-8 shows the social vulnerability of the tsunami hazard zone. Table 4-8: Social Vulnerability in Tsunami Hazard Zone Threatened Population Metric Tsunami Hazard Zone Community-Wide Data Number of residents 40,067 195,686 Number of households 16,509 74,235 Median household income $97,320 $82,554 Percentage of households under the 35.6% 28.3% poverty limit Number of elderly households 4.8% 8.1% Percentage of adults without a high 3,7% 7.9% school degree Percentage of people with limited 1.5% 4.4% English skills Percentage of households with a 18.4% 18.2% disabled member * Due to data limitations, community-wide values are from the US Census Bureau's 2010-2014 American Community Survey,while values for the hazard zone are ESRI 2016 forecasts. Sources: US Census Bureau 2014a,2014b,2014c,2014f,2014g; ESRI 2016 Flood The 100-year flood zone in Huntington Beach covers approximately 5.3 square miles, and the 500-year flood zone covers an additional 3.8 square miles. This area includes 48 critical facilities: 28 in the 100-year flood zone and 20 in the 500-year flood zone. Public Works has the largest proportion of critical facilities at risk from flood hazard events. Combined, there is a potential loss of $277,553,777 in the 100-year flood zone and $81,435,194 in the 500-year flood zone in city- owned assets. Tables 4-9 and 4-10 show the critical facilities at risk from the FEMA 100-year and 500-year flood zones, respectively. The flood area also includes a number of schools and major industrial facilities, as well as the bridges linking the island and peninsula sections of Huntington Harbour and Sunset Beach to the mainland. While these properties are not designated as critical facilities, they do provide very important services to Huntington Beach and the wider region and could cause significant harm if they were rendered inoperable as a result of a flood event. Collectively, close to 52,000 residents live in an area that faces elevated flood risks. Residents of the 100-year flood zone are generally more likely to be under the poverty limit than a typical Huntington Beach resident, limiting their ability to prepare their homes for a flood disaster if any 92 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan extensive work is required. The 500-year flood zone contains a higher percentage of elderly households and households with disabled persons. Due to a lower degree of mobility, such households may find it more challenging to make flood safety retrofits. Such households may also require additional assistance during evacuations. Table 4-11 shows the social vulnerability of the 100-year and 500-year flood hazard zones. Table 4-9: Critical Facilities in the FEMA 100-Year Flood Hazard Zone Category Number of Facilities Restricted Public Community Services 0 30 Public Works 39 24 Community Development 0 5 Fire 0 6 Police Department 0 1 Library 0 3 Total 39 69 Potential Loss** $141,673,811 $125,879,966 *Replacement Values Unavailable **Based on the City of Huntington Beach insured replacement values Table 4-10: Critical Facilities in the FEMA 500-Year Flood Hazard Zone Category Number of Facilities Restricted Public Community Services 0 2 Public Works 18 0 Community Development 0 0 Fire 0 2 Police Department 0 0 Library 0 1 Total 18 5 Potential Loss** $78,181,116 $3,254,078 *Replacement Values Unavailable **Based on the City of Huntington Beach insured replacement values In addition to the critical facilities and social vulnerability assessments, participation statistics for the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) can indicate the flood risk in Huntington Beach. NFIP allows property owners in flood hazard zones to purchase government-administered flood insurance policies, which are generally unavailable from private insurance companies. As of June 2022, there were 3,146 properties in Huntington Beach insured through NFIP, most of which were single-family homes. The total insured value of all participating properties was approximately$917 93 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan million. Since the start of the program, NFIP has paid out 966 claims in Huntington Beach, with a total value of approximately $2.75 million. Table 4-11: Social Vulnerability in FEMA 100-Year and 500-Year Flood Hazard Zones Threatened Population Metric FEMA 100-Year FEMA 500-Year Community-Wide Flood Hazard Zone Flood Hazard zone Data Number of residents 32,232 19,688 195,686 Number of households 12,091 7,702 74,235 Median household income $85,028 $93,411 $82,554 Percentage of households 27.170 36.6% 28.3% under the poverty limit Number of elderly 9.0% 7.6% 8.1% households Percentage of adults without 7 5% 6.7% 7.9% a high school degree Percentage of people with 4.91Y0 3.6% 4.4% limited English skills Percentage of households 19.6% 24.0% 18.2% with a disabled member * Due to data limitations, community-wide values are from the US Census Bureau's 2010-2014 American Community Survey,while values for the hazard zone are ESRI 2016 forecasts. Sources: US Census Bureau 2014a,2014b,2014c,2014f,2014g; ESRI 2016 Most of the Huntington Beach properties ensured under NFIP are in the A (100-year flood plain for a flood of an undetermined height), A99 (100-year flood plain protected by a complete flood control system), and the B/C/X (500-year or greater flood plain) flood hazard areas. There are 33 buildings, identified as "repetitive loss" properties, meaning that their owners have filed claims for property damage from flooding more than once. A combined 49 claims have been filed on these properties, with a total payout of approximately $576,000. Severe Weather(High Winds/Windstorm, Tornado) The risk of severe weather, which in this Plan is defined as high winds/windstorms and tornadoes, is consistent across all areas of Huntington Beach. High winds/windstorms and tornados likely present the greatest threat to physical structures, particularly from trees or branches that fall on buildings and cause substantial damage. Older structures that have deferred maintenance or have not been retrofitted for high wind conditions may suffer greater damage than newer/updated structures. Utility lines and wooden utility poles face an elevated threat from wind, as do buildings without reinforced roofs. While no specific critical facilities are at greater or lesser risk, all may be damaged in a severe weather event. Individual neighborhoods are likewise not more or less vulnerable to severe weather. Socially vulnerable people are more likely to live in homes that may have structural weaknesses, which could be subject to greater damage during severe weather events. Lower-income residents and seniors may not have the financial resources to retrofit their homes or recover from damages incurred from severe weather events. 94 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The potential for windstorms to create a financial strain on both the public and the City exists in the event of utility infrastructure damages or loss of power. These windstorms can uproot trees and landscaping, further burdening the owners to replace or repair the losses. Trees located in City parks may also be damaged or destroyed. Air quality can also be affected by these wind events, stirring up dust, pollen, debris, etc. Another threat associated with severe wind is wildfire impacts in other jurisdictions and the recent practice of electric utilities conducting Public Safety Power Shutoff activities. These shutoffs may affect electrical services during high wind events in parts of southern California. While the City does not have any identified PSPS circuits, other parts of southern California affected could impact the city in other ways(people relocating to Huntington Beach temporarily). Human-Caused Hazards (Terrorism, Hazardous Materials Release) While acts of terror are often carried out against urban centers, public gathering places, central pieces of infrastructures, and corporate or institutional headquarters, virtually any building may be a target depending on the terrorists' objectives. Some locations are more likely to be targeted than others, including but not limited to medical facilities, government buildings, financial institutions, and the Huntington Beach Pier. There is no specific social vulnerability for terrorism because there are no characteristics that make individuals more or less at risk from acts of terror. There are no critical facilities located within a quarter mile of 301 or more hazardous material sites. However, there are 22 critical facilities within a quarter mile of at least 201 hazardous material sites and another 29 facilities within a quarter mile of between 101 and 200 such sites. A substantial majority of Fire, Library, and Police sites are within a quarter mile of at least 100 hazardous material sites. A hazardous material release is unlikely to directly damage any critical facility, but the presence of hazardous materials at any critical facility property may render it unusable until cleanup activities can be carried out. Combined, there is a potential loss of $467,399,189 to city-owned assets. Table 4-12 shows the number and type of critical facilities in the quarter mile vicinity of hazardous material sites. Table 4-12: Critical Facilities Within '/4 Mile of a Hazardous Materials Facility Hazard Zone Category Number of Facilities Restricted Public Community Services 0 66 Public Works 55 25 Community Development 0 6 Fire 0 17 Police Department 0 7 Library 0 5 Total 55 126 Potential Loss** $228,816,048 $238,583,140 *Replacement Values Unavailable **Based on the City of Huntington Beach insured replacement values 95 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The social vulnerability for hazardous material releases varies widely throughout „„ Huntington Beach, depending on the 'r number of hazardous material sites in - proximity to people. Individuals within a quarter mile of 300 or more hazardous = ' � � .,.—.�gs� _.. material sites are no more socially vulnerable than the average Huntington Beach resident. However, this is likely �' °' because the number of residents within this hazard zone is too small to produce ; ,.. . :- reliable statistics. In general, persons 1 _ , 57 .iai:n 5 F Ti y++ F close to hazardous material sites often ; - ; =. r ;, face social vulnerabilities, which is evident - ` s '10 x � ' ';;•, � .�"� am :°�"- '-"� 4„:_;;:;;-,*,-:,::'''_ 'v "..._in the social vulnerability metrics for the other two hazardous material hazard Most public library facilities in Huntington Beach are within a quarter mile of over 100 hazardous material sites. zones. Persons within a quarter mile of 201 to 300 hazardous material sites are highly vulnerable. The median household income within this zone is only 70 percent of that for all of Huntington Beach. Such households are approximately 2.5 times as likely to be under the poverty limit than an average community household. Approximately a third of all adults in this hazard zone lack a high school degree (compared to less than 8 percent for all of Huntington Beach), and 19 percent of people have limited English skills (compared to 4 percent of all city residents). Persons within a quarter mile of 101 to 200 hazardous material sites exhibit a similar but less intense level of social vulnerability. Households in this zone have a median income of approximately 77% of the entire community and are substantially more likely to be under the poverty limit. Approximately 15 percent of adults in this hazard zone also lack a high school degree. Socially vulnerable persons in a hazardous material release hazard zone may be unaware of the presence of hazardous materials due to lower levels of English proficiency and less access to modern telecommunications. Coordinating evacuations for socially vulnerable persons can also be challenging due to reduced communications, language barriers, and a lower level of personal vehicle ownership. Table 4-13 shows the social vulnerability metrics for persons in the different hazardous material release zones. Hazardous materials release could threaten the city and regional transportation networks. Large areas of the local roadway, highway, and bus/rail systems may be closed to prevent people from entering areas contaminated with hazardous materials to allow remediation and cleanup activities to occur. If a highly corrosive hazardous material is released, it could potentially cause significant damage to the exteriors of homes or businesses in the area surrounding the release. Hazardous materials could also harm the City's beaches and oceans, Bolsa Chica, urban forest, and Parks, which could result in the premature death of wildlife and vegetation in the affected areas. 96 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 4-13: Social Vulnerability in FEMA 100-Year and 500-Year Flood Hazard Zones Threatened Population Within '/4 miles Within 1/4 miles Within '/4 miles Community- Metric of 301+ of 201-300 of 101-200 Wide Data Hazardous Hazardous Hazardous Material Sites Material Sites Material Sites Number of residents 509 6,742 43,084 195,686 Number of households 137 1,635 15,528 74,235 Median household $95,221 $58,082 $63,649 $82,554 income Percentage of households under the 15.3% 20.6% 22.9% 28.3% poverty limit Number of elderly 5.1% 20.1% 14.1% 8.1% households Percentage of adults without a high school 7.5% 33.6% 15.1% 7.9% degree Percentage of people with limited English 0.0% 18.9% 10.4% 4.4% skills Percentage of households with a 22.6% 22.9% 20.9% 18.2% disabled member * Due to data limitations, community-wide values are from the US Census Bureau's 2010-2014 American Community Survey,while values for the hazard zone are ESRI 2016 forecasts. Sources:US Census Bureau 2014a,2014b,2014c,2014f,2014g; ESRI 2016 Methane Containing Soils Huntington Beach's 2 methane hazard zones cover approximately 12.4 square miles combined and include 55 critical facilities. These critical facilities include all of the Police critical facilities and a majority of the critical facilities designed for Community Services, Fire, and Library. Combined, there is a potential loss of$309,124,788 to city-owned assets. Table 4-14 shows the critical facility types in the combined methane hazard zones. Table 4-14: Critical Facilities in Methane Hazard Zone Category Number of Facilities Restricted Public Community Services 0 55 Public Works 22 10 Community Development 0 2 Fire 0 14 Police Department 0 7 Library 0 3 Total 22 91 Potential Loss** $101,240,325 $207,884,463 *Replacement Values Unavailable **Based on the City of Huntington Beach insured replacement values 97 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The methane hazard zones in Huntington Beach are home to over 92,000 people. On average, people within the methane hazard zone are not substantially more socially vulnerable than the average Huntington Beach resident. However, the hazard zone is home to many lower-income people who may live in homes lacking proper ventilation systems or who may be unable to install the correct systems. Table 4-15 shows the social vulnerability metrics for people within Huntington Beach's methane hazard zone. Table 4-15: Social Vulnerability in Methane Hazard Zones Threatened Population Metric Methane Hazard Community-Wide Data Zones Number of residents 92,177 195,686 Number of households 37,099 74,235 Median household income $85,300 $82,554 Percentage of households under the poverty 28 2% 28.3% limit Number of elderly households 7.3% 8.1% Percentage of adults without a high school 5 3% 7.9% degree Percentage of people with limited English 2 7% 4.4% skills Percentage of households with a disabled 16.9% 18.2% member * Due to data limitations, community-wide values are from the US Census Bureau's 2010-2014 American Community Survey,while values for the hazard zone are ESRI 2016 forecasts. Sources:US Census Bureau 2014a,2014b,2014c,2014f,2014g;ESRI 2016 Dam Failure A dam failure event on Prado Dam, the dam located upstream of Huntington Beach, may substantially affect the community or virtually none at all. As mentioned in the Hazard Profiles section, Prado Dam is used almost entirely for flood control purposes, so it generally holds back very little water except during a flood event. If a dam failure event does occur when Prado Dam is impounding a large amount of water, the resulting flood could affect as much as nearly 20 square miles of Huntington Beach, which is most of the low-lying areas of the community. There are 118 critical facilities in the dam failure hazard zone, or approximately 57% of all critical facilities in Huntington Beach. This includes a large majority of the Public Works facilities as well as five of Huntington Beach's eight fire stations. Combined, there is a potential loss of $246,821,304 in city-owned assets. Table 4-16 shows the types of critical facilities in the dam failure hazard zone. The size of the dam hazard zone means that the hazard zone includes a large number of properties that are not designated as critical facilities but are nevertheless very important for Huntington Beach and the region. This includes schools, hospitals, major industrial facilities, and several electrical substations. 98 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 4-16: Critical Facilities in Dam Failure Inundation Zone Category Number of Facilities Restricted Public Community Services 0 35 Public Works 58 18 Community Development 0 0 Fire 0 5 Police Department 0 0 Library 0 2 Total 58 60 Potential Loss** $212,887,201 $33,934,103 *Replacement Values Unavailable **Based on the City of Huntington Beach insured replacement values Since such a large section of the city is in the dam failure hazard zone, the social vulnerability of residents in the hazard zone is fairly similar to that of all of Huntington Beach. There are relatively few steps that individuals can take to reduce the damage from a major dam failure event, although a well-built home may have a better chance of surviving with less damage. Access to a vehicle is very important for evacuation purposes. Individuals without one may be disproportionately affected if alternative forms of transportation are not made available quickly throughout the community. Table 4-17 shows the social vulnerability metrics for the dam failure hazard zone. Table 4-17: Social Vulnerability in Dam Failure Inundation Zone Threatened Population Metric Dam Failure Community-Wide Data Inundation Zone Number of residents 134,786 195,686 Number of households 50,158 74,235 Median household income $86,444 $82,554 Percentage of households under the ° 28.3% poverty limit 30.3/° Number of elderly households 7.3% 8.1% Percentage of adults without a high ° 7,9% school degree 6.7/° Percentage of people with limited ° 4.4% English skills 4.2/o Percentage of households with a ° 18.2% disabled member 19.5/o * Due to data limitations, community-wide values are from the US Census Bureau's 2010-2014 American Community Survey,while values for the hazard zone are ESRI 2016 forecasts. Sources:US Census Bureau 2014a,2014b,2014c,2014f,2014g; ESRI 2016 Dam failures are often triggered by other events (e.g., seismic shaking, intense rainstorms, etc.). There would most likely be service disruptions in Huntington Beach if this type of event occurred. Floodwaters could quickly inundate the city, disrupting utilities, such as water, power, heating, 99 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and other services such as communications or transportation infrastructure. Residents may find street lighting and traffic signals are temporarily disabled. Debris may be carried in the rapid inundation of water, blocking roads and impeding traffic flow. Water would most likely inundate roadways and other low-lying, flat areas, such as parking lots, open spaces, and schoolyards. In severe scenarios, people's mobility in these areas would likely be restricted or even impossible. Any unprotected or unhoused mechanical or electronic equipment that is not properly elevated would become waterlogged and inoperable until crews can conduct repairs or replacements. 100 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 5 — Hazard Mitigation Strategy Strategy Development Process Huntington Beach's hazard mitigation strategy is a comprehensive set of actions intended to reduce the impact of hazard events. These hazard mitigation actions will help protect the safety and well-being of residents, visitors, critical facilities, other buildings and structures, key services, the local economy, and other important community assets. Some actions will also help with emergency preparedness, allowing for a more effective community response to hazard events. Preparedness actions are not a required component of an LHMP, but they support and complement mitigation activities. The HMPC chose to include them as part of the overall hazard mitigation strategy, many of which were included in the previous LHMP and reorganized into this new category. Use of Hazard and Threat Assessment The HMPC relied partly on the hazard profiles and threat assessments in this Plan to develop the mitigation strategy's actions. A comprehensive set of mitigation actions was prepared to respond to the relevant hazard situations and protect residents, businesses, and community assets in Huntington Beach. The HMPC ensured that the mitigation actions would help reduce damage from the most frequent types of hazard events, the most significant that may reasonably occur, and those with the greatest potential to harm the community. The HMPC also drafted mitigation actions to help protect the most vulnerable community members and the most vulnerable local assets. Capabilities Assessment As part of the effort to draft mitigation actions, the City updated the capabilities assessment, which included reviewing existing policies, personnel, and technical resources to support hazard mitigation activities in Huntington Beach. The hazard mitigation actions build off these resources' existing success and leverage their capabilities to support improved resiliency in the community. The capabilities assessment looked at the following types of resources: • Personnel resources: City employees and volunteers, and employees and volunteers at other agencies • Plan resources: Advisory or enforceable plans adopted by the City or other agencies • Policy resources: Policies adopted and implemented by the City or other agencies • Technical resources: Data and tools available to the City • Financial resources: Funding mechanisms available to the City that support mitigation activities Resources identified with an asterisk (*) can also assist with community outreach and education within the city. Capabilities Improvement/Expansion The ability to expand current mitigation capabilities will generally be reliant upon the budgeting allocated for each department/program for that fiscal year. The level at which these programs may or may not be expanded upon, will be dependent upon the amount of funding received. FEMA has released a series of guides over the past few years which highlight some of the ways in which jurisdictions can expand mitigation. Some strategies for increasing current mitigation capabilities may include: 101 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 1. City should actively identify,adopt,and enforce the most current set of development codes and standards available. Strongly encouraging new development to be constructed to higher standards than currently required, increasing resilience within the community. 2. Engaging parts of the community that may not be actively involved in mitigation efforts. 3. Expanding the number and types of organizations involved in mitigation planning and implementation, increasing both efficiency and bandwidth. 4. Fostering new relationships to bring underrepresented populations and partners to the hazards mitigation planning process. 5. During the annual LHMP review,the committee should look for opportunities to fund and expand/enhance the effectiveness of current mitigation actions. 6. During annual budgeting processes, the City should identify new funding sources (bonds, grants, assessment districts, etc..)that can be used to support existing capabilities enhancements. Table 5-1 shows the capabilities assessment for Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Strategies and Actions HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS The goals identified in Chapter 1 help develop policies to protect community members, ecosystems, and other important assets from hazard events. These goals were developed to ensure consistency with the City's General Plan Safety Element, which plays an important role in risk reduction within Huntington Beach. These goals informed the development of mitigation actions and act as checkpoints to help City staff determine implementation progress. EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARD MITIGATION ACTIONS The HMPC reviewed the existing mitigation actions and updated them based on the hazard profiles, threat assessment, capabilities assessment, community survey results, discussions among HMPC members, and existing best practices. Next, the HMPC evaluated these potential actions using the following criteria: FEMA requires local governments to evaluate potential mitigation actions' monetary and non- monetary costs and benefits. While local governments are not required to assign specific dollar values to each action, they should identify the general size of costs and benefits. The HMPC may elect to include measures with a high cost or low benefits, but such measures should benefit the community and appropriate use of local resources. Also, FEMA directs local governments to consider the following questions as part of the financial analysis: • What is the frequency and severity of the hazard type to be addressed by the action, and how vulnerable is the community to this hazard? • What impacts of the hazard will the action reduce or avoid? • What benefits will the action provide to the community? The HMPC also chose to review and revise the potential hazard mitigation actions using the STAPLE/E (Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, and Environmental) criteria (Table 5-2). The HMPC did not formally assess every potential mitigation action under all STAPLE/E criteria but used the criteria to guide and inform the discussion. The HMPC also discussed how the criteria might evaluate grant applications the City may submit to receive funding for LHMP implementation. 102 Ca C 0 a) • -o a) C E -O u) `� C d V L_ m c Ts u) L c >, O E as c C , L - 'c ) a, 3 a) +_ v .N (a Q - u . 2 N O :� O -O Y C L C flu 73 N " E NF. a y m 3 E �� = v; c '3 u) E N c m uSct m o ° >,._ _ 12 LE to O o L O p o c •- a) O c`a c m a) a) a'° D L N 3 c ••- - c 03 � � a� N � N o mio E E Y u, E N .0 rnm 2 -C (00 >,y V N 1 0 C o L -o u) a) o o m a) a) O •S u) a m > E s p03mmCOa E y `�° ` U N N E 'C C a) _c -c �O N a E .0 L m ° co u) u) •L cV W m o m �-0 m -a m a`) Ifl E o o m of °) m� .� ,� �� � CV a_c E p- C a) C O N >, >, c) o O ur o N •c ° m Lv ac,, L) Y = E O � E >,� :. w .E a) C'.J mEc1 ow 0 " u) Ca) •` > wa.vY = ou) Hu) � C C v- a) .`-. i- 'N C = Q N m a) m .. 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L to }• 7 OL O Lo U .- y a) N U = ro a s H O -c u) to a) a w H N to i) .E N co .s co U) ca 'o H _a c to w a) co co 46 la la O d i L c 4- 0 o O 0 C) E ... '- :-- C to CA C a1 :0 3 c .� ORI ) cC >) °' U Uc. cc = a -Cu) cE E EE �a cc = Co L 0) otud ia4 � >` Ic a) o a ..+ 0 a .2 -- m � � w o rV cLi as o >, <o �a E a) w E Co a) oo =c o' CO c .CU c. co m U c) 0 W CO u W 2 Q U) W CO VI ii V m m City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 5-2: STAPLE/E Criteria Issues Criteria Social Is the action socially acceptable to Huntington Beach community members? Would the action mistreat some individuals? Is there a reasonable chance of the action causing a social disruption? Technical Is the action likely to reduce the risk of the hazard occurring, or will it reduce the hazard's effects? Will the action create new hazards or make existing hazards worse? Is the action the most useful approach for Huntington Beach to take,given the City and community members'goals? Administrative Does the City have the administrative capabilities to implement the action? Are there existing City staff who can lead and coordinate the measure's implementation, or can the City reasonably hire new staff for this role? Does the City have enough staff,funding,technical support, and other resources to implement the action? Are there administrative barriers to implementing the action? Political Is the action politically acceptable to City officials and other relevant jurisdictions and political entities? Do community members support the action? Legal Does the City have the legal authority to implement and enforce the action? Are there potential legal barriers or consequences that could hinder or prevent the implementation of the action? Is there a reasonable chance that the implementation of the action would expose the City to legal liabilities? Could the action reasonably face other legal challenges? Economic What are the monetary costs of the action, and do the costs exceed the monetary benefits? What are the start-up and maintenance costs of the action, including administrative costs? Has the funding for action implementation been secured, or is a potential funding source available? How will funding the action affect the City's financial capabilities? Could the implementation of the action reasonably burden the Huntington Beach economy or tax base? Could there reasonably be other budgetary and revenue impacts to the city? Environmental What are the potential environmental impacts of the action? Will the action require environmental regulatory approvals? Will the action comply with all applicable federal, state, regional, and local environmental regulations? Will the action reasonably affect any endangered,threatened, or otherwise sensitive species of concern? PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTIONS Table 5-3 includes the 2022 LHMP mitigation actions for Huntington Beach. A majority of these actions are the same actions from the 2017 LHMP. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic many of the 2017 LHMP mitigation actions were not implemented due to constraints on City resources. The following explains the key changes to the mitigation actions in this plan: • Within Table 5-3, the HMPC added a new "Status" column, which identifies notes regarding the actions, indicating any progress undertaken during the past five years.These changes include modifications that reflect changes in City priorities and previous implementation. • New proposed actions have also been included in Table 5-3. These actions are highlighted in blue. • Actions removed from Table 5-3 have been incorporated into Table 5-4: 2017 LHMP Mitigation Actions Removed,which includes the HMPCs reasons for removal. 107 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan PRIORITIZATION As part of the mitigation actions development and review, the HMPC also prioritized the actions. The prioritization efforts looked at the risks and threats from each hazard, financial costs and benefits, technical feasibility, and community values. HMPC members were asked to identify their priority actions through a voting exercise. Items are prioritized based on the number of votes the HMPC members receive. These quantitative scores were then converted to qualitative categories of low, medium, and high priority. OST ESTI '°TES The HMPC identified relative cost estimates to meet the hazard mitigation planning process's cost estimation requirements based on their understanding of the mitigation action intent and their experience developing identical or similar programs/implementing projects. Three cost categories based on the City's typical cost criteria were used for budgeting purposes: • Low cost ($): $30,000 or less • Medium cost ($$): $30,001 to $100,000 • High cost ($$$): Greater than $100,001 Based on the criteria and evaluation processes used during Plan development, the HMPC prepared a prioritized list of mitigation actions to improve Huntington Beach's resilience to hazard events. In addition to mitigation action and strategies, several" Preparedness Activities" were identified and denoted with the letter "P." Table 5-3 lists the mitigation actions, prioritization of each action, and other details related to implementation, including potential FEMA funding sources such as: Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC): A competitive FEMA grant program to support states, local communities, tribes, and territories. Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA): A competitive grant program that provides funding to states, local communities, federally recognized tribes, and territories. Funds can be used for projects that reduce or eliminate the risk of repetitive flood damage to buildings insured by the National Flood Insurance Program. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP): Provides funding to state, local, tribal and territorial governments to rebuild in a way that reduces, or mitigates, future disaster losses in their communities. 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W a� a RI a" ca ca o c c c° ccu o c c a� a) no u' > C cc .- p s U)i , j n = U• i !itUUfl c o (� n 0 c L) 03 o c cr U �v EU m m c Z O U 0 — co min °) a) o � .> O c>i c a) a) rnN N = N •O > Q U uUi n c@ C N C U c U a ui C .2 •2 c >,.� � >_ : aEi o � � °• o Q, o m o nrn— aEi �a • N c a� 0)c n� 7 C a) co c N 0 co -O > > U co M > a) -0 8 n•N a.) 0 n a) c •N C 0 0 - •o - a) > Q a) _ _ E U a) c � — > = a) U U a) a) a) E c E c E a� E U co co a) co co E ,_ n 2mu) 6Toa) E 0 .� m .SCL0a) cona) _oa) > _c0co -ocana) > nca ._ a) ncov) O > U a a a a City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 2017 LHMP MITIGATION ACTIONS REMOVED Table 5-4: 2017 LHMP Mitigation Actions Removed 2017 Action Description Reason for Removal Action No. Require a geologic assessment for any new The City requires geotechnical construction or significant retrofit activities within a analyses consistent with the Action 6.3 subsidence-prone area. Require these projects to California Building Code, which implement mitigation measures to reduce the risks addresses subsidence and no from subsidence as appropriate. longer feels this action is required. Develop protocols to ensure that City staff and other first responders are immediately notified if an The City currently has this protocol Action 7.2 emergency situation has resulted in a hazardous in place and considers this action material release or if there is a substantial risk of implemented. such a release occurring. Identify City staff, including law enforcement officers, to carry out proactive community policing The City currently includes these Action 7.6 during special events. Conduct training for procedures in their trainings and identified staff, emphasizing a need to engage and protocols and identified this as an respect community members while maintaining implemented action security. Explore adopting amendments to the Huntington The City determined that adherence Beach building code requiring new buildings to to the California Building Code was Action 8.4 exceed the minimum seismic standards in the state adequate and did not feel Building Standards Code. Emphasize constructing .implementation of this was feasible buildings to remain safely habitable and functional at this time following an earthquake. National Flood Insurance Program Huntington Beach participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), created by Congress in 1968 to provide flood insurance at subsidized rates to homeowners who live in flood- prone areas. Huntington Beach has participated in NFIP since 1974.10 Although not specifically identified as a hazard mitigation action, the City of Huntington Beach will continue to comply with NFIP through ongoing enforcement of the City's Floodplain Overlay District (Title 22, Chapter 222 of the Huntington Beach Charter and Codes). This overlay district applies to all special flood hazard areas, with separate provisions for floodways, 100-year flood plains, and coastal flood zones. It limits the types of activities that can occur within the overlay district and establishes special standards for construction. As part of continued compliance with NFIP, the City of Huntington Beach will continue to update the Floodplain Overlay District and associated regulations to minimize the threat of flooding. Such changes may be prompted by changing flood conditions, shifts in land use patterns, or changes in local demographics, among other factors. The City will also continue to incorporate any revisions to the location of flood hazard zones into future planning documents, including this LHMP. The City of Huntington Beach contains Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) and participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), which currently includes 3,146 policies in force, 10 Community Status Book Report—California:Communities Participating in the National Flood Program. httos.//www.fema.00vicis/CA.odf 119 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan amounting to roughly $3,027,945 in premiums paid. Total insurance coverage for these policies amounts to approximately$917,911,400. Since the start of the program, NFIP has paid out close to 966 claims in Huntington Beach, with a total value of approximately $2,757,132. Huntington Beach has 33 repetitive loss properties that have had a total of 49 paid claim losses totaling approximately $576,743. Huntington Beach is also a voluntary participant in the Community Rating System (CRS), which provides discounts on flood insurance. Currently, the City is at a CRS (Community Rating System) rating of 7,111 which entitles property owners to a 15%discount if their property is located within an SFHA and 5% if not. The City's most current FIRM (Flood Insurance Rate Map) was adopted on March 21, 2019. FEMA,Sr. Hazard Mitigation Planner,Xing Liu,6/3/2022 120 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Chapter 6 — Plan Maintenance For this LHMP to remain effective and useful to the community of Huntington Beach, it must remain up to date. An updated version of the LHMP will continue to guide the City's hazard mitigation activities and help keep the City eligible for state and federal hazard mitigation funding. The HMPC has structured this LHMP so individual sections can easily be updated as new information becomes available and new needs arise, helping to keep this Plan current. This chapter discusses updating this Plan to comply with applicable state and federal requirements. This chapter also describes how the City can incorporate the mitigation actions described in Chapter 5 into existing programs and planning mechanisms and how public participation will remain an important part of Plan monitoring and future update activities. Coordinating Body The HMPC will remain responsible for maintaining and updating the Plan, including evaluating the Plan's effectiveness as needed. Members of the HMPC will also coordinate the Plan's implementation through their respective positions. Table 1-1 contains a list of current members. In future years, staff and representatives (either current HMPC members or other individuals) from the following departments, districts, and agencies should be included in maintenance and update activities: City Manager's Office Information Services Community Development Library Services Community Services Office of Business Development Finance Police Fire Public Information Human Resources Public Works The staff member currently serving as the HMPC leader (the person responsible for coordinating future updates) is in the Fire Department. During the update process, they will serve as the project manager or designate this role to another staff member. The HMPC leader or their designee will coordinate maintenance of this Plan, lead the formal Plan review and evaluation activities, direct the Plan update, and assign tasks to other members of the HMPC to complete these activities. Such tasks may include collecting data, developing new mitigation actions, updating mitigation actions, making presentations to City staff and community groups, and revising the Plan sections. Plan Implementation/ Integration The Plan's effectiveness depends on the successful implementation of the mitigation actions. Implementation includes integrating mitigation actions into existing City plans, policies, programs, and other implementation mechanisms. The mitigation actions in this Plan are intended to reduce the damage from hazard events, help the City secure funding, and provide a framework for hazard mitigation activities. HMPC members prioritized the hazard mitigation actions in Table 5-3 in Chapter 5. These priorities will guide the implementation of these actions through new or existing City mechanisms as resources are available. The LHMP project manager is responsible for overseeing the implementation, promotion, and maintenance of this Plan and facilitating meetings and coordinating activities related to Plan implementation and maintenance. 121 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The key City Plans that have incorporated content from the 2017 LHMP include: Huntington Beach General Plan Safety Element — This element incorporates relevant mapping and analysis from the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan to ensure this plan's goals and policies are reinforced throughout future developments and projects proposed within the city. Future Integration: updates to the Safety Element should incorporate relevant information from the latest version of the LHMP when that update is initiated. This will typically occur in conjunction with the General Plan Housing Element. Huntington Beach Emergency Operations Plan — The EOP focuses on the effective preparedness and response to hazard events within the city. The EOP incorporates relevant content from this plan within the hazards assessment section, which becomes the basis for future hazard specific annexes and actions. The inclusion of this information ensures greater consistency regarding the hazards addressed in both plans. Future Integration: upon the next update of the EOP, relevant information regarding hazards of concern and the risk assessment should be reviewed to ensure consistency between the two documents. This update should occur concurrently with the LHMP wherever possible. Huntington Beach Capital Improvements Program —The CIP identifies key infrastructure investments throughout the city, including hazard mitigation elements. Incorporating this plan into the CIP may enhance infrastructure investment through additional funding and/or modification of improvements to include hazard mitigation elements. Future Integration: annual review and update of the CIP should review the mitigation actions table (Table 5-3) to verify project priorities and funding opportunities/pursuits. This integration of the LHMP into the Huntington Beach General Plan also allows the City to comply with AB 2140 requirements, as identified in Chapter 1 of this plan. Future integration of the LHMP into other plans and processes should focus on the following: • Updates to existing plans and documents should always refer to the LHMP for any relevant information (risk assessment, maps, tables) that can be incorporated into the new document. • Identification of hazard conditions addressed in the LHMP should be referenced in plans prepared by the City to reduce inconsistencies and minimize redundancy. • Proposed projects/investments made by the City should identify relevant mitigation actions that may apply to future construction funding • Changes to policies, rules, and regulations that involve hazard mitigation should reference the LHMP, ensuring greater connection regarding the reason behind the modification. Integration into other plans and processes should be an ongoing process undertaken by all departments and be regularly monitored as part of the annual maintenance process (see below). Plan Maintenance Process The City's plan maintenance process will rely on the Huntington Beach Mitigation Implementation Handbook, located in Appendix E. The handbook is intended to function as a stand-alone document that gives concise and accessible guidance to City and Fire Department staff to implement and maintain the Plan. A key component is the specific mechanisms that the City can use to integrate this plan into the other City planning mechanisms. 122 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Plan Monitoring and Evaluation When members of the HMPC are not updating the Plan, they should meet at least once a year to go over mitigation action implementation and evaluate the Plan's effectiveness. These meetings should include: • Discussion of the timing of mitigation action implementation • Mitigation action implementation evaluation and determination of success • Mitigation action prioritization revisions, if deemed necessary • Mitigation action integration into other mechanisms, as needed The Local Emergency Planning Committee will review the LHMP in the first quarter of each calendar year. The first of these meetings will be held in the 2023-2024 fiscal calendar year. To the extent possible, HMPC meetings should be scheduled at an appropriate time in the City's annual budgeting process, which will help ensure that funding and staffing needs for mitigation actions are considered. When the HMPC meets to evaluate the Plan, members should consider these questions: • What hazard events, if any, have occurred in the city in the past year? What were the impacts of these events on the community? Were the impacts mitigated, and if so, how? • What mitigation actions have been successfully implemented? Have any mitigation actions been implemented but not successfully, and if so, why? • What mitigation actions, if any, have been scheduled for implementation but have not yet been implemented? • What is the schedule for implementing future mitigation actions? Is this schedule reasonable? Does the schedule need to be adjusted for future implementation, and are such adjustments appropriate and feasible? • Have any new concerns arisen, including hazard events in other communities or regions not covered by existing mitigation actions? • Are new data available to inform the Plan's updates, including data relevant to the hazard profiles and threat assessments? • Are there any new planning programs, funding sources, or other mechanisms to support hazard mitigation activities in Huntington Beach? Plan Updates The information in this Plan, including the hazard profiles, threat assessments, and mitigation actions, is based on the best available information, practices, technology, and methods available to the City and HMPC when this Plan was prepared. As factors change, including technologies, community demographics and characteristics, best practices, and hazard conditions, it is necessary to update the Plan to remain relevant. Additionally, Title 44, Section 201.6(d)(3) of the Code of Federal Regulations requires that LHMPs be reviewed, revised, and resubmitted for approval every five years to remain eligible for federal benefits. Update Method and Schedule The update process should begin no later than four years after this Plan is adopted, allowing a year for the update process before the Plan expires. However, it is recommended that you begin the update process three years after plan adoption if the funding source for the plan will be a mitigation grant. Depending on the circumstances, the LHMP project manager or their designee may also choose to begin the update process sooner. Some reasons for accelerating the update process may include: 123 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan • A presidential disaster declaration for Huntington Beach or an area that includes part or the entire City • A hazard event that results in one or more fatalities in Huntington Beach The update process will add new and updated methods, demographic data, community information, hazard data and events, considerations for threat assessments, mitigation actions, and other necessary information, keeping the Plan relevant and current. The HMPC will determine the best process for updating the Plan, which should include the following steps: Engage the Hazard prepare an updated plan Conduct a public review Mitigation Planning to be distributed to period of the Draft Plan Committee(with at least stakeholders and the allowing residents and one member from each interested stakeholders to City department). public. provide comment. Contact non-City Determine what organizations(that measures have been Following public review, previously participated or completed,changed, send a draft of the are interested cancelled,or postponed updated plan to Cal OES stakeholders)to and review and revise and FEMA for review and participate in the update mitigation actions.as approval. needed Adopt the final updated Review and update the I Revise the threat Plan within one year of hazard mapping and assessment for beginning the update threat assessment for populations and other process and within five critical facilities assets years of the adoption of the previous Plan. P Update Adoption The Huntington Beach City Council is responsible for adopting this Plan and all future updates. As previously mentioned, adoption should occur every five years. The City should begin the update process at least one year before expiration to ensure the plan remains active. If the City has a grant application that relies on the LHMP, an update to the plan should occur no later than 18 months before expiration. Adoption should take place after FEMA notifies the City that the Plan is Approvable Pending Adoption. Once the City Council adopts the Plan following FEMA's approval, the adopted plan should be transmitted to FEMA. Continued Public Involvement The City will keep the public informed about the HMPC's actions to review and update the LHMP. The HMPC will develop a revised community engagement strategy that reflects the City's updated needs and capabilities. The updated strategy should include a tentative schedule and plan for public meetings, recommendations for using the City's website and social media accounts, and content for public outreach documentation. The HMPC will also distribute information annually through the most appropriate method to ensure information is effectively disseminated to residents and businesses. These updates are anticipated to occur after the City's annual HMPC meeting. 124 City of Huntington Beach 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Point of Contact The Hazard Mitigation Plan leader for Huntington Beach is the primary point of contact for this Plan and future updates.At the time of production, the LHMP project coordinator is Brevyn Mettler, City of Huntington Beach Emergency Services Coordinator, available at bmettler(a�surfcity-hb.orq I 714-374-1565. 125 Appendix A — HMPC Meeting Materials A-1 Location: Zoom/In Person Date:August 2,2021 Time: 10 AM—11 AM City of Huntington Beach Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update HMPT #1 Meeting Agenda I. Introductions (All) II. Project Overview a) Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update i) Past Experience with LHMP Updates ii) Past Use of the City's LHMP iii) What do you want to make sure the LHMP accomplishes? III. LHMP Goals (2017) a) Protect life and property in Huntington Beach from hazard events. b) Increase public awareness of hazard threats, reducing damage and supporting a rapid and successful recovery. c) Protect and enhance natural systems from current and future hazard conditions. d) Develop partnerships with community members to strengthen community resiliency. e) Enhance emergency management and homeland security policies through proactive activities and coordinated response. A-2 IV. LHMP Priority Hazards (2017) Table 10: Scores and Threat Levels by Hazard Hazard Probability Location Primary Secondary Total Threat Impact Impact Score Level Coastal 3 3 3 4 Hazards (Likely) (Significant) (Severe) (High) 39.0 Medium Dam 1 4 4 4 Failure (Unlikely) (Extensive) (Extreme) (High) 16.0 Medium 4 4 2 2 Drought (Highly (Extensive) (Moderate) (Limited) 48.8 High Likely) Flood (Likely) (Significant) (Severe) (Moderate) 36.0 Medium Geologic 2 3 2 2 19.2 Medium Hazards (Occasional) (Significant) (Moderate) (Limited) Human- 3 2 2 2 Caused (Likely) (Limited) (Moderate) 24.0 Medium Hazards Seismic 4 4 4 4 Hazards (HighlyLikely) (Extensive) (Extreme) (High) 64.0 High Severe 3 4 2 2 Weather (Likely) (Extensive) (Moderate) (Limited) 33.6 Medium V. Mitigation Actions Progress See attached table Information Needed: • Which Actions Have been Implemented or are underway? • Which Actions no longer apply to the City? • Which City Projects/Initiatives should be covered by the Plan? A-3 VI. Project schedule and key milestones Task Start Date Finish Date 1. LHMP Planning/Development Process HMPT Meeting #1 August 2021 August 2021 HMPT Meeting #2 December 2021 December 2021 HMPT Meeting #3 February 2022 February 2022 Public Review Draft Plan Meeting April 2022 April 2022 2. Hazard Assessment September 2021 October 2021 3. Hazard Mitigation Strategy November 2021 December 2021 4. Hazard Mitigation Plan Maintenance Process January 2022 February 2022 5. Plan Compilation 5.1 Public Review Draft Hazard Mitigation Plan March 2022 April 2022 Public Review Period April 2022 May 2022 5.2 Cal OES/FEMA Draft Hazard Mitigation Plan May 2022 May 2022 Cal OES/FEMA Review June 2022 September 2022 5.3 Final Adoption Hazard Mitigation Plan October 2022 November 2022 VII. Questions and Next Steps Action Items Owner(s) Deadline Status A-4 Location:Zoom/to Person Date:May 19.2022 Time: 10 AM—11 AM City of Huntington Beach Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update HMPT #2 Meeting Agenda I. Introductions (All) II. Review of Project Goals III. Review of Hazards/Hazard Prioritization IV. Review of Critical Facilities V. Review of Hazard Profiles/Mapping Discussion/Threat Assessment VI. Review of Community Feedback VII. Mitigation Strategies/Actions VIII. Next Steps A-5 Appendix B — Outreach and Engagement Materials B-1 6127r22. 9 29 AM City of Huntington Beach.CA-Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Report an issue E Contact Us I Q I Want to... Residents Government Business Visitors Services A-Z Index home>government>departments>fire>emergency preparedness>local-hazard- mitigation-plan Share Did you know? Local Hazard Mitigation Plan The Police Department provides FREE security checks of your home while you are on vacation! This service is Help us build a safer Huntington Beach! Our city is currently provided courtesy of the preparing an update to the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan HBPD Retired Senior Volunteer Program (LHMP), which will provide information about our community's (RSVP) ,: ., vulnerabilities to disasters and how we can be better prepared. for this free service. Contact Information Click on this link to take our local Local Hazard Mitigation City of Huntington Beach Plan survey. Fire Department 2000 Main Street Huntington Beach,CA Phone:1714)536-5411 Fax:(714)374-1551 The City of Huntington Beach is preparing to update its Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, Email- or LHMP This plan will help create a safer community for residents, businesses, and visitors. The LHMP allows public safety officials and city staff, elected officials, and members of the public to understand the threats from natural and human-caused hazards in our community. The plan will also recommend specific actions to ANITIPORAIDI proactively decrease these threats before disasters occur Why have an LHMP? An LHMP will let Huntington Beach better plan for future emergencies.Usually,after a disaster occurs, communities take steps to recover from the emergency and rebuild. An LHMP is a way for the City to better prepare in advance of these disasters, so when they do occur,less damage occurs and recovery is easier.Our community can use LHMP strategies to reduce instances of property damage, injury, and loss of life from disasters. Besides protecting public health and safety, this approach can save money. Studies estimate that every dollar spent on mitigation saves an average of four dollars on response and recovery costs.An LHMP can also help strengthen the mission of public safety officers, such as police and fire department staff, providing them with clear roles and responsibilities to build a safer community. Besides helping to protect Huntington Beach,our LHMP will make the City eligible for grants from the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)that can be used to further improve safety and preparedness in the community.Having an adopted LHMP can also make Huntington Beach eligible to receive more financial assistance from the State when disasters do occur. What is in our LHMP? The City of Huntington Beach LHMP includes tour main sections 1.A summary of the natural and human-caused hazards that pose a risk to our community. This will include descriptions of past disaster events and the chances of these disasters occurring in the future B-2 httpsi/www huntingtonbeachca.govlgovernmentidepartmentstfirelemergency_preparednessflocal-hazard-mitigation-plane#-:text=An LHMP will let Hu. 1/4 6/27/22,9:28 AM City of Huntington Beach,CA-Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 2.An assessment of the threat to Huntington Beach,which will describe how our community is vulnerable to future disasters. The plan will look at the threat to important buildings and infrastructure, such as police and fire stations, hospitals, roads, and utility lines. It will also look at the threat to community members,particularly vulnerable populations. 3.A hazard mitigation strategy,which will lay out specific policy recommendations for Huntington Beach to carry out over the next five years. These recommendations will help reduce the threat that our community faces from hazard events. 4.A section on maintaining the plan,which will help ensure that our LHMP is kept up-to-date. This will make it easier for us to continue to proactively protect ourselves,and will also keep the City eligible for additional funding. What hazards will our LHMP help protect against? The City plans to include the following natural hazards in our LHMP: • Coastal Hazards:Coastal Erosion,Sea Level Rise,and Tsunamis • Dam Failure • Drought • Flooding • Geologic Hazards:Landslides,Methane Containing Soils,and Subsidence • Human-Caused Hazards:Hazardous Materials Release and Terrorism • Seismic Hazards:Fault Rupture,Ground Shaking,and Liquefaction • Severe Weather:Tornados and Windstorms Our LHMP will also look at how climate change may affect these hazards and may include other hazards that pose a threat to our community. How is our LHMP being prepared? The City has assembled a Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC), which includes representatives from City Departments and supported by key stakeholders, and technical consultants. Together, these participants form the project team responsible for guiding the overall development of our LHMP. When will our LHMP be done? The project team plans to release a first draft of the Huntington Beach LHMP for public review in Spring/Summer 2022.After members of the public provide comments and feedback, the City will revise the plan and send it to the California Office of Emergency Services and FEMA for review and approval. Once approved by these agencies,the Huntington Beach City Council will adopt the final LHMP. We hope to have the plan ready for adoption in Fall 2022, but it may be later depending on how long state and federal review takes. How can I get involved? You can get involved in preparing our LHMP update in different ways. • The City will public engagement opportunities to share information about our LHMP and obtain community feedback. The first of these opportunities is scheduled for Day,Date,2021. • The City will release an online survey to members of the public in the Winter of 2021 (TBD), asking for information about past experience with natural hazards and how our LHMP can be the most useful.Take our survey when it comes out, and encourage your friends and family to do the same. • The City will release a draft of the completed LHMP for public review. Please review and provide comments on this document,either at in-person meetings(if allowed)or in writing. B-3 https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/government/departments/fire/emergency_preparedness/local-hazard-mitigation-plan/#:-:text=An LHMP will let Hu... 2/4 ormommonemmor 6/27/22,9:28 AM City of Huntington Beach,CA-Local Hazard Mitigation Plan • Encourage members of the Huntington Beach City Council to adopt the plan and begin implementing it. • Reach out to the project team[insert contact information)for more ways to stay involved. What can I do now to be better prepared for disasters? • Know the hazards that may affect you at your home,work, or school. You can find out more at http s/myhazards caloes ca govt. • Assemble an emergency kit for your home. In a disaster,you may have to rely on supplies in your emergency kit for at least three days. Be sure to include supplies for any pets and anyone in your home with special needs. Learn more at https.`www ready govlkit. • Have a disaster plan for your household, including how people should contact each other if a disaster occurs and where you should meet. • Learn about your neighbors and how to help them. In a disaster, emergency responders may not be able to reach your neighborhood for a while. Know if your neighbors have any special needs,and be sure to check on them as soon as you can. • Make sure your homeowner's or renter's insurance covers you from disasters such as earthquakes and floods. If these disasters occur, having good insurance coverage will help you recover easier. • Volunteer with an emergency response or community service organization that does work on disaster education and preparation. • Speak to your employer about creating a disaster recovery, workforce communication, and/or business continuity plan. If they already have one or more of these plans in place,make sure you and your co-workers know it. • Join Huntington Beach CERT(HB CERT),a group of volunteers trained by the City to assist emergency responders during disasters, Training is free and offered at times throughout the year. Copyright 2002-2022 All rights reserved.2000 Main Street,Huntington Beach.California 92648 Website Terms of Use B-4 https.11www.huntingtonbeachca.govlgovernment/departments'firelemergency_preparednessilocal-hazard-mitigation-plans#:-Text=An LHMP will let Hu. . 3/4 6/27/22,9:33 AM City Asking for Resident Input on Local Hazard Mitigation Plan-Surf City Break SURF CITY BREAK (https://surfcitybreak.com) Q Search ... City Asking For Resident Input On Local Hazard Mitigation Plan ® SurfCityBreak(https://surfcitybreak.com/author/surfcitybreak/) ik Public Safety (https://surfcitybreak.com/category/public-safety/) ji May 11, 2022(https://surfcitybreak.com/2022/05/11/) B-5 https://surfcitybreak.com/city-asking-for-resident-input-on-local-hazard-mitigation-plan/ 1/4 6/27/22,9:33 AM City Asking for Resident Input on Local Hazard Mitigation Plan-Surf City Break SURF CITY Y (https://surfcitybreak.com) Q Search ... Preparations have begun to update the City of Huntington Beach's Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP). This five-year strategic plan is used to improve local resilience during hazard events. The plan is being prepared by City staff, with support from key stakeholders and technical consultants, and is fully funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The City plans to release a draft of the plan for public review in summer 2022, with final adoption planned for fall 2022, following approval from the California Office of Emergency Services and FEMA. The Huntington Beach LHMP update will summarize the natural and human-caused hazards that pose a threat to the community, including drought, flooding, earthquakes, and wildfires. As a part of this process, the plan will identify how climate change is expected to affect future hazards in Huntington Beach. The LHMP update will analyze how community members, buildings, and infrastructure are vulnerable to the threats posed by these hazards. It will outline a Hazard Mitigation Strategy that will provide specific policy and action recommendations to City staff and community partners to improve overall resiliency to hazard events. The plan makes the city eligible for grants from FEMA and enables the city to be more resilient to natural hazards. Previously Huntington Beach has received federal funding for projects such as the Civic Center Seismic Retrofit and currently the Heil Flood Control Pump Station project. Help us build a safer Huntington Beach! Click here (https://forms.gle/FXwkohR4PiCtBXdg8)to take our Local Hazard Mitigation Plan survey and learn more about the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan at www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/hazardmitigation (http://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/hazardmitigation). B-6 httpsa/surfcitybreak.comicity-asking-for-resident-input-on-local-hazard-mitigation-plan! 24 6/27/22,9 33 AM City Asking for Resident Input on Local Hazard Mitigation Plan-Surf City Break • "IR RF CITY BREAK (https://surfcitybreak.corn) Qearch ... Share Thi Po t 0 ® 11 ES E- (https://surfcitybreak.com/orbeez-challenge- reak.com/sunset-beach-improvements-continue/) SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER Get Updates And Stay Connected To HB Enter Your Email SUBSCRIBE -* B-7 https:/isurfcitybreak comicity-asking-for-resident-input-on-local-hazard-mitigation-planr 3/4 City of Huntington Beach{►j @CityofHBPIO May 11 ••• •`:- Our city is preparing an update to the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan(LHMP), which will provide info about our community's vulnerabilities to disasters& how we can be better prepared. Help us plan for a safer HB. Take the survey& learn more: huntingtonbeacilca.gov/hazardmitigati... Q ..4 ' • � i Q t-1. 3 C7 3 B-8 City of Huntington Beach- Government 0 May 11 •Q Help us plan for a safer Huntington Beach. Our city is preparing an update to the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP), which will provide information about our community's vulnerabilities to disasters and how we can be better prepared. We need your input as we update our plan. Learn more about the LHMP &take the survey at: huntingtonbeachca.gov/hazardmitigation 0 I 0 26 25 Comments 5 Shares Like Q Comment r> Share B-9 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey Dear Community Member, Is your home or place of work susceptible to damage from natural hazards? Do you want to recover quicker from disasters and prevent damage from future events?Your participation in this survey can help Huntington Beach become safer. We know you are busy;we respectfully request a few moments of your time to respond to the brief survey below. The City of Huntington Beach is conducting a local effort to prepare a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. This plan identifies natural hazards throughout the City and presents an assessment of critical facilities vulnerable to these hazards. The plan lists potential actions to reduce risk and future damage. Your responses to this survey will inform the preparation of the plan. Thank you for your time and cooperation. * Required Hazard Awareness 1. 1. Please indicate whether you live or work in the City of Huntington Beach. * Mark only one oval. CD a. I live in the City of Huntington Beach. (D b. I work in the City of Huntington Beach. c. I live and work in the City of Huntington Beach. (D d. Neither applies to me, but I am interested in the City's resiliency. 2. 2. What is the ZIP code of your home? * B-10 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 M MjRg 1 QI38e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEl/edit 1/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 3. 3. Has a disaster in your current residence impacted you? * Mark only one oval. ( a. Yes ( b. No 4 4. If you answered yes to the previous question, please select the type of disaster that you have been impacted by (select all that apply). Check all that apply. Coastal Hazards (erosion, sea-level rise,tsunami) Dam Failure Drought Flood Geologic Hazards (landslides, methane-containing soils) Human-Caused Hazards (hazardous materials release,terrorism) Seismic Hazards (fault rupture, ground shaking, liquefaction) Severe Weather (tornado,windstorm) Climate Change Other Hazards 5. 5. If you selected Other Hazards above, please list any additional hazards that have previously impacted your neighborhood or home B-11 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1MMjRg1Q138e19eDH DOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEl/edit 2/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 6. 6. The following hazards could potentially impact the City. Please mark the * THREE (3) hazards that are of most concern to your neighborhood or home. Check all that apply Coastal Hazards (erosion, sea-level rise,tsunami) I Dam Failure { Drought Flood Li Geologic Hazards (landslides, methane-containing soils) L: Human-Caused Hazards (hazardous materials release,terrorism) __j Seismic Hazards (fault rupture, ground shaking, liquefaction) L Severe Weather(tornado, windstorm) L Climate Change LI Other Hazards 7. 7. If you selected Other above, please list any additional hazards that have previously impacted your neighborhood or home. 8. 8. The planning team is using various data sources to identify hazards in your * community; however, some of these data sources do not provide data at a general citywide level. Are there any small-scale issues, such as flooding at intersections during rain that you would like the planning team to consider? Mark only one oval ( ) a I am not aware of local hazards b. I am aware of local hazards B-12 https://docs.googie.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg 1 QI38e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wojgkOEl/edit 3/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 9. If you answered "I am aware of local hazards"to the previous question, please provide as much detail as possible, including location and type of hazard. 10. 9. How concerned are you that climate change may create new hazardous * situations in Huntington Beach, or make existing natural hazards worse? Mark only one oval. CD a. Very concerned (D b. Somewhat concerned CD c. Somewhat unconcerned CD d. Not at all concerned CD e. Unsure 11. 10. When do you think climate change will pose a threat to your health, property, livelihood, or overall wellbeing? Mark only one oval. C ) a. It already is 0 b. Within the next five years CD c. In five to twenty years CD d. Not for at least another twenty years (—) e. Never, or not in my lifetime B-13 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1M MjRg 1 QI38e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEl/edit 4/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 12. 11. If you are a homeowner,do you have adequate homeowners' insurance to * cover the hazards that could impact your home? Mark only one oval. ( a. Yes, my insurance coverage should be adequate. ( ) b. No, I don't believe my insurance coverage would be adequate for a major disaster. ( c. Unsure ( d. I do not have an insurance policy. ( ) e. Not applicable; I rent my current residence. 13. 12. If you rent your residence, do you have renters' insurance? * Mark only one oval. ( 1 a. Yes Ob. No 0 c. Not applicable; I own my residence. 14. 13. Do you have flood insurance for your home? * Mark only one oval. a. Yes, I own my home and have flood insurance. ( b. Yes, I rent my home and have flood insurance. (D c. No, but I am interested in reviewing flood insurance options http://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/). B-14 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg1Q138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEl/edit 5/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 15. 14. Have you done anything to your home to make it less vulnerable to hazards * such as earthquakes,floods, and fires? Mark only one oval. ( ) a. Yes () b. No CD c. Not applicable; I rent my residence. 16. If not, do you plan to? B-15 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 M MjRg 1 QI38e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEl/edit 6/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 17. 15. If a severe hazard event occurred today such that all services were cut off * from your home (power, gas,water, sewer) and you were unable to leave or access a store for 72 hours,which of these items do you have readily available? Select all that apply. Check all that apply. a. Potable water(3 gallons per person) b. Cooking and eating utensils c. Can opener d. Canned / nonperishable foods (ready to eat) e. Gas grill/camping stove f. Extra medications and contact lenses (if applicable) g. First aid kit/supplies j h. Portable AM/FM radio (solar-powered, hand crank, or batteries) i. Handheld "walkietalkie" radios (with batteries) j. Important family photos/documentation in a water- and fireproof container k. Extra clothes and shoes I I. Blanket(s) /sleeping bag(s) m. Cash n. Flashlight (with batteries) o. Gasoline p. Telephone (with batteries) q. Pet supplies r. Secondary source of heat For more information on emergency kits, visit: https://www.readygov/kit 18. What else do you have in your emergency kit? B-16 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg 1 Q138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEl/edit 7/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 19. 16. Are you familiar with the special needs of your neighbors in the event of a disaster situation (special needs may include limited mobility, severe medical conditions, memory impairments)? Mark only one oval. C ) a. Yes (_ b. No 20. 17. Are you a trained member of your Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)? Mark only one oval. a. Yes (� b. No, but I would like to learn more about CERT. C_ c. No, I am not interested in being a trained CERT member. () For more information about CERT, please visit:https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/government/departments/fire/cert/ 21. 18. How can the City help you become better prepared for a disaster? (choose all that apply) Check all that apply. 1 a. Provide effective emergency notifications and communication. b. Provide training and education to residents and business owners on how to reduce future damage. c. Provide community outreach regarding emergency preparedness. d. Create awareness of special needs and vulnerable populations. e. Other (please specify) 22. If you answered Other above, please specify below B-17 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg 1 QI38e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEl/edit 8/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 23. If you do NOT work in the City of Huntington Beach, please skip to question 22. 24. 19. What is the ZIP code of your workplace? 25. 20. Does your employer have a plan for disaster recovery in place? Mark only one oval. a. Yes CDb. No c. I don't know 26. 21. Does your employer have a workforce communications plan to implement following a disaster, so they are able to contact you? Mark only one oval. a. Yes CDb. No Recommendations and Future Participation 27. 22. Would you like to be contacted when the Draft 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan is available for review? Mark only one oval. ) a. Yes; please notify me using my contact information in the next question. C) b. No B-18 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg1 Q138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEl/edit 9/11 6/27/22,9:46 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 28. 23. If you would like to be notified of future opportunities to participate in hazard mitigation and resiliency planning, please provide your name and e-mail address. If you do not have an e-mail address, please provide your mailing address. This information will be kept confidential. 29. 24. Please provide us with any additional comments/suggestions/questions that you have regarding your risk of future hazard events. 30. Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. If you have any questions, or if you know of other people/organizations that should be involved, please contact Brevyn Mettler at brevyn.mettler©surfcity-hb.com. This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google. Google Forms B-19 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg 1 QI38e19eDHDOLahHIgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEI/edit 10/11 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 54 responses Publish analytics Hazard Awareness 1. Please indicate whether you live or work in the City of Huntington 0 Copy Beach. 54 responses • a. I live in the City of Huntington Beach. 22.2° -- b. I work in the City of Huntington Beach. c. I live and work in the City of Huntington Beach. • d. Neither applies to me,but I 74.1% am interested in the City's resiliency. 2. What is the ZIP code of your home? ElCopy 54 responses 15 15 15 (27.8%) (27.8%) 10 11 10 (20.4%) (18.5%) 5 1 (1.9%) 1 (1.9%) 1 (1.9%) 0 92646 92646-3905 92647 92648 92649 92683 92708 D B-20 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg 1 QI38eI9eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEl/viewanalytics 1/19 G 2/22 ;s 52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 3. Has a disaster in your current residence impacted you? 0 Copy 54 responses • a.Yes • b. No 77.8% 22.2% 4. If you answered yes to the previous question, please select the type Copy of disaster that you have been impacted by(select all that apply). 14 responses Coastal Hazards(erosion... 3(21.4%) Dam Failure 0(0%) Drought 5(35.7% Flood 5(35.7% Geologic Hazards(landsl...- 1 (7.1%) Human-Caused Hazards... 4(28.6%) Seismic Hazards(fault ru... 3(21.4%) Severe Weather(tornado...11.11111111111111-- 1 (7.1%) Climate Change 5(35.7% Other Hazards 2(14.3%) 0 1 2 3 4 5 5. If you selected Other Hazards above, please list any additional hazards that have previously impacted your neighborhood or home 2 responses Fentanyl overdose,wasteful water use to vandalize property, broken sprinklers that overwater, home and apartments caught on fire Loss of electricity for 3 days due to traffic accident-2 power poles were destroyed. D B-21 https Itdocs.google comlformsid/1 MMjRg1 O138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEllviewanalytics 2 19 6/27/22,9.52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey b. The following hazards could potentially impact the City. Please mark El Copy the THREE (3) hazards that are of most concern to your neighborhood or home. 54 responses Coastal Hazards(erosion... 30(55.6%) Dam Failure ME 2(3.7%) Drought 18(33.3%) Flood 18(33.3%) Geologic Hazards(landsl...111111 2(3.7%) Human-Caused Hazards... 24(44.4%) Seismic Hazards(fault ru... 38(70.4%) Severe Weather(tornado... 7(13%) Climate Change 14(25.9%) Other Hazards 4(7.4%) 0 10 20 30 40 7. If you selected Other above, please list any additional hazards that have previously impacted your neighborhood or home. 7 responses PCH & Warner closing due to heavy rain with lot of water oil well erupted in 2004 uncontrolled haz materials release . well was disrupted from work at ascon landfill. Our neighborhood has low lying areas, during heavy rain my intersection will flood and in the last five years it flooded to the point it was not driveable. Crime increase Fire Crime. Rodent and coyote population increasing due to overdevelopment of land B-22 https.Bdocs google.com/forms/di1MMjRg 1Q138e19eDHDOL.ahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEl/viewanalytics 3/19 6/27/22,9 52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 8. The planning team is using various data sources to identify hazards in 0 Copy your community; however,some of these data sources do not provide data at a general citywide level.Are there any small-scale issues, such as flooding at intersections during rain that you would like the planning team to consider? 54 responses i a. I am not aware of local 40.7% hazards 1111. • b. I am aware of local hazards D B-23 https//docs.google com/formsid/1MMjRg1Ql38el9eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wojgkOEllviewanalytics 4/19 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey If you answered "I am aware of local hazards"to the previous question, please provide as much detail as possible, including location and type of hazard. 19 responses The rain is not always here. Some years it is heavy so we have to listen to Radio and keep up with flooding Everytime it rains,even light water flow from run off,the gutter/curb in front of our house gets backed up and pools up-8802 Anchorage Drive. The southwestern section inside our tract which is northeast of Atlanta & Bushard, water often fills above the curbs in heavy rains- specifically when coincident with high tides. Several times in the past 40+years I have lived here,the "high tide"water level has come close to breaching the house, and twice was into the garage. This impacts 5-10 houses, and mine seems to be the lowest. CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) Lane sinking at Edison Park ascon landfill, oil wells that may or may not be capped appropriately. and buried chemical waste from the ascon landfill and the magnolia tank farm area. It's difficult to provide exact locations, but there are many streets I. The downtown area that flood when it rains a lot. Slater flooding during high impact rain storms PCH in Sunset Beach floods often and sometimes becomes impassable. I was once trapped at home because I couldn't get to PCH from Admiralty. intersection flooding and PCH flooding Thames lane &Seine (this intersection floods during very heavy rain). It is the lowest point of our neighborhood. Underground high pressure natural gas in on Newland Street. flooding occurs on Saybrook north of Heil during high tides and during heavy rains,this is salt water which is a concern for cars driving thru it During rain events,due to adverse grade of the gutter along Briarcliff Drive (near the intersection with Chateau Lane),the intersection can become flooded. Runoff from Springdale Street is also diverted through the neighborhood and into the cross-gutter at B-24 httpslldocs.google.com/forms/dl1 MMiRg 1 O138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0igkOE Uviewanalytics 5 19 627 22,9 52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey Briarcliff/Chateau, causing large volumes of water to flow through the intersection. The gutter's adverse grade causes water to back up into cross-gutter and up Chateau instead of flowing into the catchbasin east of the intersection. Water already ponds at the eastern corner of this intersection from typical nuisance flows. flooding with rain in most of downtown areas Regions along saybrook street,pacific coast highway near warner, and the city of sunset beach flood during high tide. The Talbert Wetlands have been affected by an oil spill during the rupturing of a pacific pipeline. Our houses are built very close together. Separation is often a wooden fence susceptible to spreading any wind driven fire I think the city has been addressing the streets that tend to flood during heavy rains. My concern is the ground squirrels at the beach tunneling in the cliffs and that they will cause PCH or the entire cliff to collapse. I remember seeing the cliff in Encinitas killed a woman last year when it collapsed. City is already aware of issues along Lake St. 9. How concerned are you that climate change may create new 0 Copy hazardous situations in Huntington Beach, or make existing natural hazards worse? 54 responses •a.Very concerned 20.4% • b.Somewhat concerned • c.Somewhat unconcerned • d. Not at all concerned 31.5% • e. Unsure 35.2% D B-25 https:/Ydocs.google comtfomis/d/1 MMjRg 10138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEl/viewanalytics 6,'19 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 10. When do you think climate change will pose a threat to your health, Copy property, livelihood, or overall wellbeing? 54 responses • a. It already is 11.1% • b.Within the next five years c. In five to twenty years 20.4% • d. Not for at least another twenty years • e. Never,or not in my lifetime 13% 31.5% 11. If you are a homeowner,do you have adequate homeowners' insurance to cover the hazards that could impact your home? 54 responses • a.Yes, my insurance coverage should be adequate. 22 2% 18.5% • b. No, I don't believe my insurance coverage would be adequate for a major disaster. c. Unsure • d. I do not have an insurance policy. • e. Not applicable; I rent my current residence. 12. If you rent your residence,do you have renters' insurance? 0 Copy 54 responses 111 a.Yes • b. No c. Not applicable; I own my residence. D B-26 httpsaldocs.google.comrformsld/1 MMjRg 1 QI38el9eDHDOLah Hlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOE I rviewanalytics 7;19 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 13. Do you have flood insurance for your home? El Copy 54 responses • a.Yes, I own my home and have flood insurance. • b.Yes, I rent my home and have flood insurance. • c. No, but I am interested in reviewing flood insurance options(http:/I www.floodsmart.gov/ floodsmart/). 14. Have you done anything to your home to make it less vulnerable to 0 Copy hazards such as earthquakes, floods,and fires? 54 responses • a.Yes • b. No c. Not applicable; I rent my residence. B-27 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1MMjRg1Q138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOE/viewanalytics 8/19 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey If not, do you plan to? 17 responses No No, but willing to hear what I could do. I have upgraded for earthquakes, but not flooding. Not known how to do that. I called the city to dispatch its employees to review wasteful water usage and sprinklers. They are working on solving the issue. undecided Cancelled flood insurance due to shoring up of Santa Ana River Flood Control Channel by Army Corps of Engineers &changes to flood map of my area. There is not much that I am aware of that I can do to protect my home further. The home is already elevated enough from the street to protect from flood on our property. The only additional things that could be done is to improve drainage in our area. Likely not sure how to as my area is prone to liquefaction,can't stop a flood, not in a fire zone not at this time Not sure what to do Don't know the options I'm not sure what to do What would we do to make it less vulnerable? My issue is the heat. Our home faces north so we never had an issue with the heat but now there are weeks we wish we had air conditioning. We also had to install window coverings for our back sliders because the winter sunlight heats our home before temperatures drop. Still in the planning stage. B-28 httpsJ/docs.google.com/forms/d/1MMjRg1 Q138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEI/viewanalytics Via'19 627,'22 9 52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 15. If a severe hazard event occurred today such that all services were LJ Copy cut off from your home(power,gas, water, sewer)and you were unable to leave or access a store for 72 hours,which of these items do you have readily available? Select all that apply. 54 responses a. Potable water(3 gall... 33(61.1%) b. Cooking and eating... 49(90.7%) c. Can opener 49(90.7%) d. Canned/nonperish... 46(85.2%) e.Gas grill/camping st... 40(74.1%) f. Extra medications an... 42(77.8%) g. First aid kit/supplies 49(90.7%) h. Portable AM/FM radi... 30(55.6%) i. Handheld"walkietalki... 17(31.5%) j. Important family phot... 20(37%) k. Extra clothes and sh... -46(85.2%) I. Blanket(s)/sleeping... 45(83.3%) m. Cash 43(79.6%) n. Flashlight(with batte... 49(90.7%) o. Gasoline 11•11111111111111---11 (20.4%) p.Telephone(with batt... 29(53.7%) q. Pet supplies 27(50%) r. Secondary source of... 18(33.3%) For more information o...I 1 (1.9%) 0 20 40 60 B-29 https ?docs.googlecomtforms,d/1MMjRgIQl38eI9eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEliviewanalytics 10i+19 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey What else do you have in your emergency kit? 17 responses Tent Several small portable chargeable batteries. Two large chargeable power sources. A self contained RV with supplies. Additional medical supplies,food, ration bars,water filters, means to protect supplies from looters Identification. Important docs. CPR mask hard hat, knee pads, leather gloves, shovel,toiletries, change of clothing medications, and protein bars, and water tarps, stakes,cutting ax, multipurpose tool, surgical supplies, mini stoves, dehydrated food, etc. Edible garden and fresh eggs I need to do more emergency kit planning. Firearms to prevent looting and protect my family and residence. tent, portable potty Tool kit Generator 500 W storage Battery with rechargeable solar panels, propane for heating and cooking. Weapons,fishing gear/tackle, armor, etc. Ham radio. B-30 https]/docs.google.comlforms/d/1 MMjRg 1 QI38e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOE llviewanalytics 11 19 6/27/22,9 52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 16. Are you familiar with the special needs of your neighbors in the event 0 Copy of a disaster situation (special needs may include limited mobility, severe medical conditions, memory impairments)? 54 responses 011II • a.Yes • b.No 37% 17. Are you a trained member of your Community Emergency Response 0 Copy Team (CERT)? 54 responses • a.Yes • b. No,but I would like to learn ` more about CERT. • c. No, I am not interested in being a trained CERT member. -_—..WINI1111111 • For more information about CERT, please visit:https:// 20.4% www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/ 29.6% government/departments/fire/ cert/ D B-31 https//does google corn/forms,d/1MM'Rg1OI38e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOElrviewanalytics 12119 6/27/22,9.52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 18. How can the City help you become better prepared for a disaster? 0 Copy (choose all that apply) 54 responses a. Provide effective 44(81.5%) emergency notifications... b. Provide training and , 29(53.7%) education to residents an... c. Provide community 35(64.8%) outreach regarding emer... d. Create awareness of 23(42.6%) special needs and vulner... e. Other(please specify) 7(13%) 0 20 40 60 If you answered Other above, please specify below 8 responses More patrol checks for criminal activity and more fire inspections It would be nice to know if there is a CERT trained resident in our neighborhood if they were willing to share that information. Help with the costs of becoming a volunteer. Currently, new volunteers have to pay for fingerprinting,first aid, etc. We need new volunteers. Resident grants to upgrade homes to limit damage from disasters. Set up meetings for people with disabilites to meet with people in their area so they can know each other Provide alternative phone numbers besides police or fire for help when aid is needed. Promote and assist new and existing volunteers. The special needs &vulnerable populations need an effective way to notify them in an emergency. D B-32 https.//docs.google.com/formstd/1 MMjRg 1 Q138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOE Itviewanalytics 13/19 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey If you do NOT work in the City of Huntington Beach, please skip to 11 Copy question 22. 8 responses 3 3(37.5%) 2 2(25%) 1 1 (12.5%) 1 (12.5%) 1 (12.5%) 0 HUNTINGTON BEACH Ok Work from home Huntington Beach Westminster 19. What is the ZIP code of your workplace? cJ Copy 12 responses 4 4(33.3%) 4(33.3%) 3 2 2(16.7%) 2(16.7%) 1 0 92646 92647 92648 92649 20. Does your employer have a plan for disaster recovery in place? Copy 11 responses • a.Yes 9.1% r• b. No c. I don't know 72.7% B-33 https:l/docs.google.comlforms/d/1MMjRg1d138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0igkOEl viewanalytics 14/19 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 21. Does your employer have a workforce communications plan to Copy implement following a disaster,so they are able to contact you? 11 responses •a.Yes •36.4% b.No 63.6% Recommendations and Future Participatio 22. Would you like to be contacted when the Draft 2022 Huntington . Copy Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan is available for review? 54 responses •a.Yes;please notify me using my contact information in the 31.5% next question. IIb.No 68.5% B-34 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg 1 Q138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEl/viewanalytics 15/19 6 27'22 9 52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 23. If you would like to be notified of future opportunities to participate in hazard mitigation and resiliency planning, please provide your name and e-mail address. If you do not have an e-mail address, please provide your mailing address. This information will be kept confidential. 36 responses ,11111 B-35 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1MMjRgl QI38eI9eDHDOLahHIgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEI/viewanatytics 16/19 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey U B-36 https://docs_google.com/formsld/1 MMjRg 1 QI38el9eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEl/viewanalytics 17/19 6/27/22,9.52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey 24. Please provide us with any additional comments/suggestions/questions that you have regarding your risk of future hazard events. 12 responses Once a month, neighborhoods can have a meeting like picnics and discuss about disaster plans. But it is very important the funds must be allocated to support this event. Once a month for example Burger King, Mc Donalds, and Dominoes pizza. They can take turns. HBPD does an excellent job communicating emergency events within the city. none Please consider to put an end to gasoline,car battery, and catalytic converter theft. Also, smoke and MJ shops needs to be shut down because they are highly flammable. It would be good to be presented with known risks of identified hazards, even if they came from the previous local or state HMP. Fix roadways that are in poor condition in the City to eliminate larger potholes during flooding and or rain when we get it. I'd like to know if there is any future planning relating to the Wintersburg Channel near my home. Focus on what really happens and stop the "climate change" propaganda. If you actually know a little bit of anything,you would know this "climate change" happens naturally, cyclically. That is the reason we find unusual animals in ice,fish fossils in dry ground. Please don't waste money on a political fad when we have other real needs. We have a great emergency manager,use him for the right things. Townhall meetings so people can get together to discuss needs and worries in an outdoor area Seek state funds to raise highway 1 along the bolsa chica beach removing current flooding problems. Seek state funds to pay for replacement of wood fences with block walls. Designate emergency evacuation bike paths. Increase budget to trim city trees on neighborhood parkways. Incorporate the cities churches into emergency relief centers (all parishioners would welcome this). Get a real and complete elevation report out to all home owners... no more "elevation unknown". Bolster the flood protection offered by the bolsa chica. Climate change is not a bigger issue than the lack of infrastructure in the case of an evacuation. Yet,we had three questions about it. New apartment complexes are coming up and not one new street or projects to widen streets. What is the plan for that?With our City Council lack of interest on anything but developing the city, we are doomed. Have you thought about that from a pure, logistic point of view? How would that look? Do the math. B_37 httpsNdocs.google courtforms/d/1MMjRg1d138e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4wOjgkOEllviewanalytics 1811c+ 6/27/22,9:52 AM 2022 Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey I think addressing the rodent/squirrel population would help address the coyote issue. There are way too many people feeding the squirrels. We need educational materials (like the "They don't need the feed" signs at Central Park) and enforcement by fining those that feed all the squirrels by throwing bags of peanuts or lettuce or carrots. The lids on the trash cans help. Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. If you have any questions, or if you know of other people/organizations that should be involved, please contact Brevyn Mettler at brevyn.mettlersurfcity-hb.com. 2 responses It is a pleasure to complete this survey. You are most welcome. CA Disaster Healthcare Volunteers, OCHD, and OC Medical Reserves Corps This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google.Report Abuse-Terms of Service-Privacy Policy Google Forms D B-38 https:/fdocs.google.com/forms/d/1 MMjRg 1 QI38e19eDHDOLahHlgxk9_Rug7eg4w0jgkOEl/viewanalytics 19119 11 Appendix C — Resolution of Adoption RESOLUTION NO. 2022-79 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH APPROVING THE UPDATED HUNTINGTON BEACH LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN WHEREAS,the City has prepared a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update in compliance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000; and WHEREAS,this Local Hazard Mitigation Plan has been prepared in compliance with California Government Code Sections 8685.9 and 65302.6,which integrates this plan with the Huntington Beach General Plan Safety Element; and WHEREAS, the City has received a letter from FEMA identifying the City's LHMP as eligible for approval pending final adoption; and WHEREAS, Council adoption of a current LHMP will make the City eligible to receive earmarked mitigation grant funding,as well as eligible to apply for additional federal mitigation grants; and WHEREAS, City staff has collaborated with numerous partner representatives and hazard experts to develop the LHMP; and WHEREAS, on May 11, 2022,the community, surrounding Cities, and all City commissions and boards were invited to provide feedback on the Public Review Draft Plan; and WHEREAS, on August 15, 2022,the public review period was completed and comments received were reviewed and incorporated into the LHMP; and WHEREAS, on September 12, 2022, the City transmitted the LHMP document to the California Office of Emergency Services, initiating the formal review process; and WHEREAS,on November 2,2022, City staff submitted the LHMP to the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) for review; and WHEREAS,on December gnr2022 FEMA determined the plan to be eligible for final approval pending its adoption by the Huntington Beach City Council. NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Council of the City of Huntington Beach that the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is hereby adopted. 22-12178/296772 1 Resolution No. 2022-79 PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Huntington Beach at a regular meeting thereof held on the 20`1'day of December, 2022. ayor REVIEWED AND APPROVED: APPROVED AS T RM: Manager�a. ity g Y torn Y t((�j! ITIATED AND APPROVED: Fire Chief�1 • 22-12065/294662 2 Res. No. 2022-79 STATE OF CALIFORNIA COUNTY OF ORANGE ) ss: CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH ) I, ROBIN ESTANISLAU, the duly elected, qualified City Clerk of the City of Huntington Beach, and ex-officio Clerk of the City Council of said City, do hereby certify that the whole number of members of the City Council of the City of Huntington Beach is seven; that the foregoing resolution was passed and adopted by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all the members of said City Council at a Regular meeting thereof held on December 20, 2022 by the following vote: AYES: Kalmick, Moser, Van Der Mark, Strickland, McKeon, Bolton, Burns NOES: None ABSENT: None RECUSE: None *SIM/ 9M44.114,444) City Clerk and ex-officio Clerk of the City Council of the City of Huntington Beach, California U.S.Department of Homeland Security FEMA Region 9 1111 Broadway,Suite 1200 EeA Oakland,A CA 94607 412, FEMA qND 88 January 14, 2023 Brevyn Mettler Emergency Services Coordinator Huntington Beach Fire Department 2000 Main Street Huntington Beach, CA 92648 Dear Brevyn Mettler: The 2022 City of Huntington Beach Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was officially adopted by the City of Huntington Beach on December 20, 2022 and submitted for review and approval to the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA). The review is complete, and FEMA finds the plan to be in conformance with the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44,Part 201, Section 6 (44 C.F.R. 201.6). This plan approval ensures the City of Huntington Beach's continued eligibility for funding under FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs, including the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program(HMGP),the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities program(BRIC), and the Flood Mitigation Assistance(FMA)program. All requests for funding are evaluated individually according to eligibility and other program requirements.Approved hazard mitigation plans may also be eligible for points under the National Flood Insurance Program's Community Rating System(CRS). FEMA's approval is for a period of five years, effective starting the date of this letter. Prior to January 14,2028,the City of Huntington Beach must review, revise,and submit their plan to FEMA for approval to maintain eligibility for grant funding.The enclosed plan review tool provides additional recommendations to incorporate into future plan updates. If you have any questions regarding the planning or review processes,please contact the FEMA Region 9 Hazard Mitigation Planning Team at fema-r9-mitigation-planning(a,fema.dhs.gov. Sincerely, Digitally signed by KATHRYN J KATHRYN J LIPIECKI LIPIECKI Date:2023.01.14 16:45:14-08'00' Kathryn Lipiecki Director,Mitigation Division FEMA Region 9 Enclosure(1) City of Huntington Beach Plan Review Tool, dated January 14,2023 www.fema.gov City of Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan Approval Notice January 14, 2023 Page 2 of 2 cc: Alison Kearns, Planning and Implementation Branch Chief, FEMA Region 9 Jacy Hyde,Acting State Hazard Mitigation Officer, California Governor's Office of Emergency Services Victoria LaMar-Haas, Hazard Mitigation Planning Chief, California Governor's Office of Emergency Services www.fema.gov Appendix D — List of Key Facilities D-1 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 =7: U 4 .0 U U U U U U U U U B U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U 3 i� 0 0 4--. 4--, 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 +-+ +, 7 7 7 7 0 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 00 t/) a (^ a s (^ v") a a a a a a a a (^ ^ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a) v v aJ aJ CC CC CC CC CC CC Co? ., 3 , 4., . 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The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) for the City of Huntington Beach features an evaluation of the City's hazards as well as a variety of corresponding mitigation actions. These actions are intended to preserve public safety, maintain critical municipal government operations and services when hazard events emerge, and empower community members to take on hazard mitigation at an individual level. This Implementation Handbook (Handbook) is intended for use by City staff and decision makers after the LHMP is adopted. It will: • Give clear instructions as to what to do following the adoption of the LHMP. • Simplify future updates to the LHMP. • Assist the City in preparing grant funding applications related to hazard mitigation. • Guide annual plan review actions. How do I Use This Handbook? This Handbook can help City staff and decision makers in several different situations. If and when the events listed below occur, consult the respective sections of this Handbook for advice on how best to proceed: • A disaster proclamation has been issued by the Huntington Beach City Council • A disaster proclamation has been issued by the State of California • A disaster declaration has been signed by the Federal Government • I want to apply for mitigation grant funding • Huntington Beach is undergoing its budgeting process • Huntington Beach is holding its annual meeting of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Team • Huntington Beach is updating the following policy and regulatory documents: • The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan • The Safety Element of the General Plan • The Housing Element of the General Plan • The Zoning Code Who Maintains This Handbook? The leader of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) is the one responsible for maintaining this Handbook. At the time of writing, the current HMPC leader is Brevyn Mettler from the Huntington Beach Fire Department. The HMPC may delegate this responsibility to someone else should they so choose. What to do when a disaster has been proclaimed or declared Disasters may be proclaimed or declared by the Huntington Beach City Council, the State of California, or the federal government. Responsibilities may differ depending on who proclaims or declares the disaster. If multiple organizations proclaim or declare a disaster, consult all applicable lists. E-3 The Huntington Beach City Council If the Huntington Beach City Council (or the Director of Emergency Management), if the City Council is not in session) proclaims a Local Emergency, take the following steps: ❑ Update Attachment 1 with information about the disaster. Include information about cumulative damage, including any damage outside of Huntington Beach. ❑ Discuss local assistance opportunities with the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) representatives. ❑ If the disaster damages local infrastructure or City-owned facilities, repair or rebuild the structure to be more resilient, following applicable hazard mitigation actions. A list of actions, organized by hazards, is included in Attachment 4. ❑ Chapter 6 of the Huntington Beach LHMP states that the City should consider updating the LHMP if a disaster causes a loss of life in the community, even if there is no state disaster proclamation or federal disaster declaration that includes part or all of the City. If there is a loss of life in Huntington Beach, consider updating the LHMP. Consult the section on updating the LHMP in this Handbook for details. The State of California If the State of California proclaims a disaster for Huntington Beach or an area that includes part or all of Huntington Beach, take the following steps: ❑ Update Attachment 1 with information about the disaster. Include information about cumulative damage, including any damage outside of Huntington Beach. ❑ Collaborate with representatives from Cal OES to assess the damage from the event. ❑ Discuss opportunities for local assistance with representatives from Cal OES. ❑ If the disaster damages local infrastructure or City-owned facilities, repair or rebuild the structure to be more resilient, following applicable hazard mitigation actions. A list of actions, organized by hazards, is included in Attachment 4. ❑ If the disaster may escalate into a federal disaster declaration, begin any necessary coordination with representatives from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). ❑ Chapter 6 of the Huntington Beach LHMP states that the City should consider updating the LHMP if a disaster leads to a state disaster proclamation or federal disaster declaration that includes part or all of Huntington Beach, even if there is no loss of life. Consider updating the LHMP. Consult the section on updating the LHMP in this Handbook for details. The Federal Government If the federal government declares a disaster for Huntington Beach or any area that includes part or all of Huntington Beach, take the following steps: ❑ Update Attachment 1 with information about the disaster. Include information about cumulative damage, including any damage outside of Huntington Beach. Collaborate with Cal OES and FEMA representatives to assess the event's damage. E-4 Determine if Huntington Beach will be eligible for public assistance funds related to the federal disaster declaration. These funds can be used to reimburse the City for response and recovery activities. If the City is eligible, work with FEMA and Cal OES representatives to enact the necessary requirements and receive funding. If the disaster damages local infrastructure or City-owned facilities, repair or rebuild the structure to be more resilient, following applicable hazard mitigation actions. A list of actions, organized by hazards, is included in Attachment 4. The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) is a FEMA program that helps fund hazard mitigation activities after a disaster event. Huntington Beach may be eligible for funding because of the federal disaster declaration, although not all activities may meet the program's requirements. If Huntington Beach is eligible, work with FEMA to apply for this funding. Chapter 6 of the Huntington Beach LHMP states that the City should consider updating the LHMP if a disaster leads to a state disaster proclamation or federal disaster declaration that includes part or all of Huntington Beach, even if there is no loss of life. Consider updating the LHMP. Consult the section on updating the LHMP in this Handbook for details. I Want to Apply for Mitigation Grant Funding There are three potential grant funding programs that FEMA administers for hazard mitigation activities. Two of these programs, the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIO) and Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) funding sources, are available to communities with an LHMP that complies with FEMA guidelines and has been adopted within the past five years. The third funding program is the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), which is available for communities that are part of a federal disaster declaration. This section discusses the BRIC and FMA programs and how to apply for them. The HMGP is discussed under the "Federal Government" subsection of the above "What to Do When a Disaster Has Been Proclaimed or Declared" section. Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) will support states, local communities, tribes and territories as they undertake hazard mitigation projects, reducing the risks they face from disasters and natural hazards. BRIC is a new FEMA pre-disaster hazard mitigation program that replaces the existing Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program. The BRIC program guiding principles are supporting communities through capability- and capacity-building; encouraging and enabling innovation; promoting partnerships; enabling large projects; maintaining flexibility; and providing consistency. Development projects must be identified in a hazard mitigation plan that meets FEMA guidelines and was adopted within the past five years. When applying to this program, review the list of hazard mitigation actions in Attachment 4 to see which projects may be eligible. Planning efforts for communities that lack a valid hazard mitigation plan may be eligible for funding if the effort would create a valid hazard mitigation plan. All BRIC grant applications are processed through the State. To learn more, consult with Cal OES representatives or visit the FEMA E-5 webpage on the program. At the time of writing, this webpage is available at https://www.fema.gov/pre-disaster-mitigation-grant-program. TAKE THE FOLLOWING STEPS TO APPLY FOR BRIC FUNDING: Confirm that the program is currently accepting funding applications. Check with Cal OES representatives or consult the BRIC program's Cal OES webpage. At the time of writing, this webpage is available at http://www.caloes.ca.gov/cal-oes-divisions/hazard- mitigation/pre-disaster-flood-mitigation. ❑ Identify the actions from the hazard mitigation strategy (see Attachment 4) that call on the City to pursue funding or list grants as a potential funding source. Confirm that the actions are consistent with the requirements of the BRIC grant. 0 Coordinate with Cal OES representatives to compile and submit materials for the grant application. Flood Mitigation Assistance The FMA grant program is a competitive, national program that awards funding for physical development projects and planning efforts that mitigate against long-term damage from flooding. The funding is only available to communities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), which Huntington Beach currently does. Communities must also have a valid hazard mitigation plan that meets FEMA guidelines in order to be eligible, and all projects must be consistent with the list of actions in the hazard mitigation strategy. When applying to this program, review the list of hazard mitigation actions in Attachment 4 to see which projects may be eligible. As with the BRIC program, applications for the FMA program must be processed through the State. To view more information, consult with Cal OES representatives or visit the FEMA webpage on the program. At the time of writing, this webpage is available at https://www.fema.gov/flood-mitigation-assistance-grant-program. TAKE THE FOLLOWING STEPS TO APPLY FOR FMA FUNDING: Confirm that the program is currently accepting funding applications. Check with representatives from Cal OES or consult the Cal OES webpage on the FMA program. At the time of writing, this webpage is available at http://www.caloes.ca.gov/cal-oes- divisions/hazard-mitigation/pre-disaster-flood-mitigation. Identify the actions from the hazard mitigation strategy (see Attachment 4) that call on the City to pursue funding or list grants as a potential funding source. Confirm that the actions are consistent with the requirements of the FMA grant. Coordinate with Cal OES representatives to compile and submit materials for the grant application Huntington Beach is going through the budgeting process Huntington Beach's budget process is an ideal opportunity to secure funding for hazard mitigation actions and ensure that hazard mitigation efforts are incorporated into the City's fiscal priorities. Huntington Beach operates on an annual budget cycle from July 1 to June 30. During this process, City staff should take the following steps to incorporate hazard mitigation into Huntington Beach's annual budget: E-6 Include hazard mitigation activities into Huntington Beach's list of Capital Improvement Projects (CIP). Review the list of hazard mitigation actions in Attachment 4 and identify the projects that can be included in the CIP or can support efforts within the CIP. Review the risk and threat assessments in the LHMP (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4) to ensure that all items in the list of CIP are being planned, designed, and constructed to minimize the threat from hazard events. Identify opportunities to identify state-alone hazard mitigation actions through the annual budget process. Include appropriate items from Attachment 4 in the budget as stand- alone line items, particularly items that the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (Planning Team) considered a high priority. Set aside staff to conduct hazard mitigation activities, including time to participate in Planning Team meetings and time to research, prepare, and submit BRIO and FMA grant opportunities (consult the "I Want to Apply for Mitigation Grant Funding" section above). Ensure hazard mitigation activities are reflected in each department's priorities and earmarked time for specific goals. Huntington Beach is Conducting its Annual meeting of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Team The hazard mitigation planning process brings together representatives from multiple City departments, as well as other relevant stakeholders, and provides a forum to discuss the hazards in Huntington Beach and how to mitigate them effectively. As mentioned in Chapter 6 of the LHMP, the Planning Team should meet at least once each year, beginning a year after the LHMP is adopted. During these meetings, the Planning Team should discuss implementation progress and integration of hazard mitigation actions in other City documents. At these meetings, the Planning Team can review the status of the hazard mitigation actions and discuss whether completed or in-progress actions are working as expected. These meetings also allow the Planning Team to strategically plan for the upcoming year. It may help for the Planning Team to meet early in the year, in advance of annual budget activities. Attachment 3 contains an example of a Planning Team Meeting Agenda. The annual meeting should include representatives from City departments and other organizations that originally prepared the LHMP. Representatives from other relevant organizations should also be invited. During the preparation of the LHMP, the following individuals were part of the Planning Team: Huntington Beach Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee Name Title Department Alvin Papa Deputy Director Public Works Rudy Ocampo Water Distribution Superintendent Public Works E-7 Tom Herbel City Engineer Public Works Thomas Nuwey GIS Analyst II Administrative Services Tess Nguyen Associate Planner Community Development (Planning) Jennifer Carey Public Affairs Manager (PIO) City Manager Chris Nesmith Lieutenant Police Janice Van Fire Marshal Fire Mullen Eric McCoy Division Chief Fire Leslie Schwene Mariner Safety Captain Fire Brevyn Mettler Emergency Services Coordinator Fire In advance of Planning Team meetings, consider using Attachment 1 to maintain an accurate list of recent disaster events that have occurred in and around Huntington Beach since the LHMP was adopted. At the Planning Team meeting, review the Plan Maintenance Table (Attachment 2) to identify any gaps in the LHMP or any other component of the Plan that needs updating. This also allows Planning Team members to review the actions in the hazard mitigation strategy (Attachment 4) and ensure that they are implemented as intended. Huntington Beach is updating its policy and regulatory documents If Huntington Beach is updating the LHMP, the Safety Element or Housing Element of the General Plan, or the Zoning Code, consult the following applicable section. Local Hazard Mitigation Plan All LHMPs should be updated every five years. This helps keep the plan up-to-date and ensures that it reflects the most recent guidance, requirements, science, and best practices. An updated LHMP also helps keep Huntington Beach eligible for hazard mitigation grants that require a valid, recent LHMP (see "I Want to Apply for Mitigation Grant Funding"), along with an increased amount of post-disaster recovery funds. The update process for the LHMP takes approximately one year. To ensure that a new LHMP comes into effect before the previous one expires, the update process should begin no later than four years after the plan is adopted. Updates may occur sooner at the City's discretion. Potential reasons for updating the LHMP sooner may include a state disaster proclamation or federal disaster declaration that covers part or all of Huntington Beach or if a disaster leads to a E-8 loss of life in Huntington Beach (see the "What to Do When a Disaster Has Been Proclaimed or Declared" section), as discussed in Chapter 6 of the LHMP. Take the following steps to update the LHMP: ASSEMBLE THE HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING TEAM ❑ Convene a Planning Team meeting no later than four years after the LHMP is adopted. Invite the regular Planning Team members, along with representatives from other organizations that may have a role to play in the update process. Review the current status of mitigation actions, including if there are any that are not being implemented as planned or are not working as expected. Determine if any changes in hazard events, regulations, best practices, or other items should be incorporated into an updated LHMP. Decide if there is a need for a technical consultant to assist with the LHMP update and conduct consultant selection activities if needed. If a consultant is desired, the selection process should begin a few months before the update gets underway. C' Create and implement a community engagement strategy based on the strategy prepared for the existing LHMP. Describe in-person and online engagement strategies and materials, including ideas for meetings and workshops, draft community surveys, content for websites and press releases, and other materials that may be useful. UPDATE THE RISK AND THREAT ASSESSMENTS Review and update the risk assessment to reflect the most recent conditions in Huntington Beach. Consider recent hazard events, new science associated with hazards and climate change, new development and land use patterns, and other recent changes in local conditions. Evaluate the status of all key facilities. Update this list if new facilities have been constructed or if existing facilities have been decommissioned. Re-assess the threat to key facilities. Review the demographics of community residents and update the threat assessment for vulnerable populations and other community members. Assess any changes to the threat to all other community assets, including key services, other facilities, and economic drivers. UPDATE THE MITIGATION ACTIONS Update the existing hazard mitigation actions to reflect actions in progress. Remove actions that have been completed, or revise them to increase their effectiveness. Revise actions that have been abandoned or delayed to make them more feasible, or remove them from the list of mitigation actions if they are no longer appropriate for Huntington Beach. Develop mitigation actions to improve the status of hazard mitigation activities in Huntington Beach by addressing any issues not covered by the existing LHMP. Ensure that the feedback from the community engagement activities is reflected in the new and updated mitigation actions. E-9 REVIEW AND ADOPT THE UPDATED PLAN Review the other chapters and appendices of the LHMP to reflect any changes made through the update process. Release the updated plan to Planning Team members, and revise the plan to reflect any comments by Planning Team members. Distribute the updated plan to any appropriate external agencies not included in the Planning Team, and revise the plan as appropriate in response to any comments. ❑ Release the updated plan publicly for review, and make revisions to the plan to reflect public comments. ❑ Submit the plan to Cal OES and FEMA for approval, and make any revisions as needed. ❑ Submit the plan to the Huntington Beach City Council for adoption. The Safety Element of the General Plan The Safety Element is a required component of Huntington Beach's General Plan. It can be updated as a stand-alone activity or as part of a more comprehensive process to update multiple sections or all of the General Plan. The Safety Element does not need to be updated on any set schedule, but updates should be frequent enough for the element to remain current and applicable to the community. Local communities can incorporate their LHMP into their Safety Element as allowed under Section 65302.6 of the California Government Code, as long as the LHMP meets minimum federal guidelines. This allows communities to be eligible for an increased share of post-disaster relief funding from the State if a hazard situation occurs, as per Section 8685.9 of the California Government Code. Take the following steps to incorporate the LHMP into the Safety Element: INCORPORATE NEW REQUIREMENTS INTO THE SAFETY ELEMENT, AND ENSURE THAT THE LHMP IS CONSISTENT WITH THE SAFETY ELEMENT Review the requirements for Safety Elements in Section 65302(g) of the California Government Code and for LHMPs in Section 65302.6 of the California Government Code. Ensure that both documents meet all state requirements. Ensure that the information in both plans does not contradict each other and that any inconsistencies are corrected to use the most accurate and appropriate information. This information should include community descriptions, a risk assessment, and a threat assessment. O Ensure that the policies in the Safety Element support the LHMP and provide a planning framework for specific hazard mitigation actions. The Housing Element of the General Plan The Housing Element is a required component of Huntington Beach's General Plan. Section 65583 of the California Government Code requires a Housing Element to analyze and plan for new residential growth in a community, including residential growth for households with an E-10 annual income below the area median. Similar to an LHMP, state regulations require that the Housing Elements be updated regularly to remain current and valid. The Housing Element is not required to contain any information or policies related to hazards, although it may include policies that address retrofitting homes to improve resiliency. However, state law links the regular schedule of Housing Element updates to mandatory revisions to other General Plan elements. For example, Section 65302(g)(2) of the California Government Code requires that communities that update their Housing Element on or after January 1, 2009, also update their Safety Element to include specific information and policies related to flood protection. As the LHMP is incorporated into the Safety Element, updates to the Housing Element may indirectly trigger updates to the LHMP. To update the LHMP concurrent with updates to the Housing Element, take the following steps: ENSURE THAT THE LHMP MEETS ANY NEW REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SAFETY ELEMENT THAT MAY BE TRIGGERED BY A HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE Section 65302(g) of the California Government Code lists a number of requirements for the Safety Element of the General Plan. Some of these requirements are triggered by updates to the Housing Element. Check to see if there are any new requirements of this nature. Note that the requirement is linked to the date of adoption of the new Housing Element, not the date the update process begins. Because the LHMP is incorporated into the Safety Element, any amendments or revisions to the Safety Element triggered by the Housing Element update may be made directly in the LHMP. Requirements triggered by the Housing Element are unlikely to require a full rewrite of the LHMP, but the process should involve the Planning Team and include appropriate community engagement. Adopt the updated LHMP and incorporate it into the Safety Element. If necessary, amend the Safety Element to ensure the two documents are consistent (review the "Incorporate New Requirements Into the Safety Element, and Ensure that the LHMP is Consistent with the Safety Element" subsection above). The Huntington Beach Municipal Code Huntington Beach's Municipal Code contains a set of standards that guide land uses and development in the community. These standards include where different types of buildings and land use activities may be located, how these structures must be built, and how they must be operated or maintained. The Municipal Code may include requirements that structures (particularly new structures or those undergoing substantial renovations) incorporate hazard- resistant features, be located outside the most hazard-prone areas, or take other steps to reduce hazard vulnerability. All communities in California are required to adopt the minimum state Building Standard Code (BSC), which includes some hazard mitigation requirements for new or significantly renovated structures. The BSC is generally updated every three years, with supplemental code updates halfway into each update cycle. Title 17, "Buildings and Construction," of Huntington Beach's Municipal Code, contains building regulations and incorporates the BSC. Other sections of the E-11 Code adopt additional standards as desired by the City that adapt the BSC to Huntington Beach's local context. As a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Huntington Beach is required to incorporate Floodplain Management Requirements in its Zoning Code, which is located in Title 22—Zoning Code-Overlay Districts, Chapter 222 — Floodplain Overlay District. These regulations establish standards for the development and operation of facilities within mapped flood-prone areas. Other sections of the Huntington Beach Municipal Code may include additional standards related to hazard mitigation activities. With the exception of the Floodplain Management Regulations and the minimum standards in the BSC, Huntington Beach is not required to incorporate hazard-related requirements in the Municipal Code. However, the Municipal Code is an effective tool for implementing hazard mitigation measures related to the siting, construction, and operation of new buildings and other structures. Substantial updates to the Municipal Code, including the Buildings and Construction and Zoning Code sections, should be done in a way consistent with the LHMP. INCLUDE HAZARD-RELATED REQUIREMENTS IN APPLICABLE SECTIONS OF THE HUNTINGTON BEACH CODE OF ORDINANCES If the BSC is being updated, evaluate the hazard-related requirements of all sections in the new BSC. Identify any areas where it may be feasible to add or revise standards to help reduce the threat from hazard events. Ensure that these standards are consistent with the LHMP. Consider whether standards should be applied to all structures, or to specific types of structures, or structures in a limited area (such as a flood plain). If the Zoning Code is being updated, ensure that all requirements do not expose community members or assets to an excessive risk of harm. Where feasible, use the requirements to strengthen community resiliency to hazard events. Ensure that these standards are consistent with the LHMP. Consider possible standards such as overlay zones that strengthen zoning requirements in hazard-prone areas, landscaping and grading requirements that buffer development from hazards, siting and design standards that make structures more resilient, and other strategies as appropriate. E-12 Attachment 1 : Disaster Information Table Use this table to fill out the information about any disaster events that have occurred in Huntington Beach or nearby and have affected the community. Include the date and location of the disaster event, the damages associated with the event, and any information about disaster proclamations . or declarations resulting from the event. Date Location Damages * Declaration Details t *Includes number and type of injuries,number of deaths,and cost of physical damage t If the disaster was proclaimed or declared by the local,state,and/or federal government E-1 3 Attachment 2: Plan Maintenance Table Use this table when reviewing the LHMP as part of the Planning Team's annual activities. For each section of the LHMP, note if any changes should be made to make the Plan more effective for the community. This includes noting if anything in the LHMP is incorrect or if any important information is missing. Make revisions consistent with these notes as part of the next update to the LHMP. Section Is Anything Is Anything Should Any Other Incorrect? Missing? Changes Be Made? Multiple sections or throughout Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Community Profile Chapter 3: Risk Assessment Chapter 4: Threat Assessment Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategy Chapter 6: Plan Maintenance Appendices E-14 Attachment 3: Sample Agenda and Topics for the Hazard Mitigation Planning Team This attachment includes a sample agenda and discussion topics for the annual meeting of the Planning Team. Meetings do not have to follow this order or structure, but the items included in this attachment should be addressed as part of the annual meeting. During the update process for the LHMP, it is likely that the Planning Team will meet more frequently. The meetings of the Planning Team during the update process will involve different discussion topics. ITEM 1: RECENT HAZARD EVENTS 1.1. What hazard events have occurred this past year in Huntington Beach or nearby in a way that affected the community? • Identify events that caused loss of life or significant injury to Huntington Beach community members, significant property damage in Huntington Beach, or widespread disruption to Huntington Beach. • More minor events should also be identified if there is a need for a community response to mitigate against future such events. 1.2. What are the basic facts and details behind any such hazard events? • Consider the size and location of the affected area, any measurements of severity, any injuries and deaths, the cost of any damage, the number of people displaced or otherwise impacted, and other relevant summary information. • Ensure that these facts and details are clearly recorded for future Plan updates, including using the Disaster Information Table (Attachment 1). ITEMS 2: MITIGATION ACTION ACTIVITIES 2.1. What mitigation actions have been fully implemented?Are they working as expected, or do they need to be revised? 2.2. What mitigation actions have started to be implemented since the Planning Team last met? Is the implementation of these actions proceeding as expected, or are there any barriers or delays? If there are barriers or delays, how can they be removed? 2.3. What mitigation actions are scheduled to begin implementation in the next year? Are there any factors that could delay implementation or weaken the effectiveness of the actions? How can these factors be addressed? 2.4. What resources are needed to support planned, in-process, or ongoing mitigation actions? Does the City have access to these resources? If not, how can the City obtain access to these resources? ITEM 3: INFORMATION SHARING 3.1. Is the City communicating with all appropriate local jurisdictions, including neighboring communities, Orange County, and special districts? This should include information on district-specific hazard situations, mitigation actions, and other relevant information. 3.2. Is the City communicating with the appropriate state and federal agencies? Is the City receiving information about new regulations, best practices, and data that relates to hazard mitigation activities? E-15 3.3. Are there opportunities for the City to improve coordination with local, state, and federal jurisdictions and agencies? ITEM 4: BUDGETARY PLANNING 4.1. What are the financial needs for Huntington Beach to support the implementation of planned and in-process mitigation actions, including ongoing items? Is there sufficient funding for all measures in the LHMP that are planned for the next year, including in- process and ongoing items? How can the City obtain these funds if sufficient funding is unavailable? 4.2. If it is not feasible for the City to support all planned, in-process, or ongoing mitigation actions, which ones should be prioritized? 4.3. Are there hazard-related activities not included in the LHMP that should be budgeted for? Can the City obtain the necessary funding for these activities? ITEM 5: STRATEGIC PLANNING 5.1. Which grants are available for hazard mitigation activities, and which activities are best positioned to secure funding? 5.2. How should the agencies and other organizations represented on the Planning Team coordinate to maximize the chances of receiving funding? 5.3. Are there any scheduled or anticipated updates to other City documents that could relate to hazard mitigation activities? How can the Planning Team share information with staff and any technical consultants responsible for these updates and ensure that the updates will enhance community resiliency? 5.4. What capital projects are scheduled or anticipated? Are these capital projects being designed and built to be resistant to hazard events? Are there opportunities for these projects to support hazard mitigation activities? 5.5. How can Planning Team members coordinate efforts with those responsible for capital projects to take advantage of economies of scale that will make implementing hazard mitigation activities easier? 5.6. Has it been four years since the adoption of the LHMP? If so, lay out a timeline for Plan update activities, including additional meetings of the Planning Team. Identify if a technical consultant is needed and begin the contracting process if so. 5.7. Are there any other opportunities for Planning Team members and the organizations they represent to coordinate efforts? ITEMS 6: NEW BUSINESS 6.1. Are there any other items related to the Planning Team's mission? E-16 There is no content on this page. E-17 / E o .e ° C _ 2 § § % 0 _ CII \ 2 \d \ \ f \ ° $ 0 W = ki ■ (";1 a2 § E 72 � 6 Imo ± q o 0__ IS \ / / k q -I 0 \ ¢ >. E % \ ■ a 2 -I 0 t co E c E 12 E0. .o o) . Q 0 0 Ts / \ a a m _ \ \ $ r. c 0) u_ c u_ c c ¥ 2 2 2 c o c o a)M . a) . 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"' ° a a) m a) vi ca E C O ui ujY o � o a= EW a n5 o o Z' _c -0Lii = -g a '0 a- u) m Q-a a) c c U >' �' C > a w Q) a) w c > >, u N C N c v) Q N U L p CO U O . c W O U a- CO C) U uj t ui uj 'tp E U t > C a) a 0 a) co cc) .-N >, O a) N j 7 U OO N U cn " `,` 3 a) c d N O O c N L C I)c o � � m �' E L. > a) c a) 0 •° -a ° ct CU E c ° c`a '� a>) 3 a) n omaa)) E > 0a) .) 0UH 0aa) 0aa)) L� 'scca 5. ` ° > >O to O a) U > U — a N to co Tr d a d d Res. No. 2022-79 STATE OF CALIFORNIA COUNTY OF ORANGE ) ss: CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH ) I, ROBIN ESTANISLAU, the duly elected, qualified City Clerk of the City of Huntington Beach, and ex-officio Clerk of the City Council of said City, do hereby certify that the whole number of members of the City Council of the City of Huntington Beach is seven; that the foregoing resolution was passed and adopted by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all the members of said City Council at a Regular meeting thereof held on December 20, 2022 by the following vote: AYES: Kalmick, Moser, Van Der Mark, Strickland, McKeon, Bolton, Burns NOES: None ABSENT: None RECUSE: None 6060L 9-4/-'4,714A4) City Clerk and ex-officio Clerk of the City Council of the City of Huntington Beach, California